Impact of Paterson’s Environment on Children
Ralph W. Voorhees Center for Civic Engagement Kathe Newman Edward J. Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy Ryan Good Rutgers University Margaret Ricke 2014 Daniel Harris http://policy.rutgers.edu/rwv Jackob Schneider Introduction - Research Design
• Research questions • What environmental, socio-economic, and contextual stressors affect children? • How do organizations mitigate these stressors and where are the services located? • What should organizations serving children know? ! • Research approach • Compiled and analyzed data producing more than 50 maps and charts • Profiled Paterson’s demographics • Identified more than 400 community organizations and produced a master map • Toured neighborhoods, community organizations, and attended meetings • Interviewed 26 Paterson leaders • Triangulated information from interviews, field visits, Census, and administrative data
Non-School Barriers to Student Success in Paterson, NJ 2 Introduction - Common Themes
Parent/caregiver engagement - More parent involvement in children’s lives will improve how they do in school and life ! Children’s programming and education - There is demand for more after-school and summer programming and improved ESL instruction ! Food security - Many children go hungry and lack food security (defined as access to healthy affordable food) ! Health - Health is important for children and parents alike and there are insufficient health services especially dental and mental health ! Housing - There is an inadequate supply of affordable and safe housing ! Neighborhood - Interviewees emphasized the importance of providing services within neighborhoods
Non-School Barriers to Student Success in Paterson, NJ 3 Paterson Demographics Population Housing Socio-economic characteristics Crime
Non-School Barriers to Student Success in Paterson, NJ 4 Paterson in Brief - Reference
Census Tract, Neighborhood and Ward Reference Map !
Non-School Barriers to Student Success in Paterson, NJ 5 Paterson in Brief - Population Change
Population Change ! • 146,199 residents in 2010 • 2% decrease in population 2000-2010 ! • Areas that gained • Hillcrest, Totowa, Riverside, Stoney Road, Manor, and part of the Northside ! • Areas that lost • Downtown, Great Falls, part of the Northside, and part of the East Side Park and South ! Paterson (US Census 2000, 2010)
Non-School Barriers to Student Success in Paterson, NJ 6 Paterson in Brief - Population Change
Paterson’s Population 1840-2010 Population Change 160,000" ! • Paterson’s population has been 140,000" relatively static since the early 120,000" 1900s 100,000" ! • While it has lost residents, 80,000" immigration has kept Popula3on" 60,000" population totals consistent 40,000" ! over the last 100 years 20,000" (US Census 1840-2010) 0" 1840" 1850" 1860" 1870" 1880" 1890" 1900" 1910" 1920" 1930" 1940" 1950" 1960" 1970" 1980" 1990" 2000" 2010" Year"
Non-School Barriers to Student Success in Paterson, NJ 7 Under&5 5&to&9 10&to&14 15&to&19
Paterson in Brief - Population Under 19
Population Under 19 Number of Children 19 and Under ! 13,500$ Population Under 5 in 2010 13,000$ • 8% (11,730) of Paterson’s 146,199 12,500$ residents
12,000$ Between 2000 and 2010 11,500$ • The number of children 14 and 11,000$ under decreased 10,500$ • The number of children 15-19 Children$19$and$Under$ increased 10,000$ 2000$ 2010$ ! (US Census 2000, 2010) Under&5 Year$ 5&to&9 10&to&14 15&to&19
Non-School Barriers to Student Success in Paterson, NJ 8 Paterson in Brief - Population Density
Population Density ! • Paterson’s densest census tracts in 2010 were located in the city’s core and northwest of the river especially in • Totowa • Sandy Hill • People’s Park • Northside ! • Some of the denser tracts include large apartment buildings ! ! (US Census 2010)
Non-School Barriers to Student Success in Paterson, NJ 9 Paterson in Brief - Demographics
2010$ 1990$ 2000# 3.4%& 3.2%& 1.7%& 1.2%& 0.5%& 1.8%& 9.2%& 13.2%& 24.5%& 41.0%& 50.1%& 28.3%& 57.6%& 31.4%&
32.7%&
90,000
Hispanic/Latino 67,500 Black, non-Hispanic 45,000 White, non-Hispanic
Popula on Asian, non-Hispanic 22,500 Other or multiple races 0 1990 2000 2010 US Census 1990-2010
Non-School Barriers to Student Success in Paterson, NJ 10 Paterson in Brief – Hispanic Population
2010$
57.6%&
Dramatic growth • 1990 Population: 57,711 • 2000 Population: 74,774 • 2010 Population: 84,254 • 1990-2010: + 26,543 (46%) ! • All tracts are at least 25% Hispanic • Some tracts in People’s Park, Sandy Hill and Great Falls are more than 80% Hispanic
US Census 1990-2010
Non-School Barriers to Student Success in Paterson, NJ 11 Paterson in Brief – Black, non-Hispanic Population
2010$
28.3%&
Slight decline • 1990 Population: 46,100 • 2000 Population: 46,882 • 2010 Population: 41,431 • 1990-2010 : -4,669 (-10%) ! • Black, non-Hispanic residents live in the greatest share in Wrigley Park (~70%), Manor Section and East Side Park (50-60%) and Northside (56%)
US Census 1990-2010
Non-School Barriers to Student Success in Paterson, NJ 12 Paterson in Brief – White, non-Hispanic Population
2010$
9.2%%
Dramatic decline • 1990 Population: 34,571 • 2000 Population: 19,765 • 2010 Population: 13,426 • 1990-2010 : -21,145 (-61%) ! • White, non-Hispanic residents live in the greatest share in Hillcrest, Stoney Road and in South Paterson • The City’s southern-most tract is 37% White, non-Hispanic US Census 1990-2010
Non-School Barriers to Student Success in Paterson, NJ 13 Paterson in Brief – Asian, non-Hispanic Population
2010$ 3.2%%
Small share with dramatic growth • 1990 Population: 1,754 • 2000 Population: 2,728 • 2010 Population: 4,663 • 1990-2010 : 2,909 (166%) ! • Asian residents are concentrated in Great Falls, Totowa, Hillcrest and Stoney Road • Totowa census tract 1802.02 was 26% Asian in 2010 US Census 1990-2010
Non-School Barriers to Student Success in Paterson, NJ 14 Paterson in Brief – Foreign Born
Hawthorne Borough Foreign Born
Prospect Park Borough Haledon Borough 41% [+/-9%] ! Wayne Township Fair Lawn Borough 17.5% [+/-5.8%] Foreign Born 2007-2011
20.9% [+/-5.3%] 17.6% [+/-5.4%] • 30% of residents were foreign born 15.9% [+/-7.4%] 22.9% [+/-8.4%] • More than 40% of residents in WARD 4 23.8% [+/-6.4%] 26.1% [+/-7.3%] 21.6% [+/-5.4%] 15% [+/-4.9%] 10% [+/-5.4%] South Paterson, Stoney Road, WARD 1 11.9% [+/-6.7%] People’s Park, part of Sandy Hill and 33.4% [+/-8.1%] 23.4% [+/-8.9%] 29% [+/-6.1%] 21.3% [+/-6.5%] Riverside were foreign born 33.3% [+/-6.4%] 22.5% [+/-7.7%] 26.9% [+/-8%] 24.1% [+/-8%] WARD 3 WARD 2 WARD 5 ! 22.9% [+/-12.5%] 43.3% [+/-8.6%] 18.7% [+/-7.7%] Share of Foreign Born Children 21.7% [+/-12.9%] 17.5% [+/-6.1%]
Totowa Borough 49.1% [+/-6.8%] Under 18 2008-2012 22.2% [+/-10.7%] Elmwood Park Borough 39.7% [+/-11.3%] 29.8% [+/-6.7%] • 9.4% (±1.6) 41% [+/-8.2%] WARD 6
45.5% [+/-10%] 49.7% [+/-8.2%]
51.4% [+/-4.8%] Woodland Park Borough 0 0.25 0.5 1 Miles ¯ Share of Population that is Foreign Born Share of Population Foreign Born Paterson, NJ, 2007-2011 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% Sources: American Community Survey 2007-2011; TIGER Files; Ward Boundaries- Paterson Division of Information Technology, revised by RWV Center 04.2013; NJ Office of Information Technology; NJ * Value represents percentage [and Margin of Error] Department of Environmental Protection of population that is foreign born, by 2010 Census Tract
(ACS 2007-2011; ACS 2008-2012)
Non-School Barriers to Student Success in Paterson, NJ 15 Paterson in Brief – Median Income
Median Household Income (MHI) 2007-2011 • MHI: $34,302 [±$1,723] • Share below $15,000: 24.1% • Share below $25,000: 37.5% ! Areas with Lowest MHI • Great Falls, Northside, Wrigley Park, Sandy Hill ! Areas with Highest MHI • Hillcrest, Stoney Road, Lakeview, East Side Park, Manor Section ! Median Family Income 2008-2012 ((2012 inflation-adjusted) in the past 12 months) for families with their own children under 18 • families: $30,764 (±2,184) • female headed: $20,848 (±1,868) ! (ACS 2007-2011; ACS 2008-2012)
Non-School Barriers to Student Success in Paterson, NJ 16 Paterson in Brief – Income & Poverty
Percent of Population in Poverty 2006-2010 ! • Paterson: 26.6% [± 2.2%] •! Passaic County: 15.1% [±0.7%] Areas with Higher Poverty Rates • Wrigley Park, Sandy Hill, ! Northside, Bunker Hill, Great Falls Children under 18 who live in households where income in the past 12 months was below the poverty level 2008-2012 • 39.8% (±3.3) • female headed: 52.7% (± 4.1) ! (ACS 2006-2010; ACS 2008-2012)
Non-School Barriers to Student Success in Paterson, NJ 17 Paterson in Brief – Crime
Police"Officers"and"Employees"2002>2012" Violent"and"Nonviolent"Crime"2002<2012"
700" 8,000" 600" 7,000"
500" 6,000" 5,000" 400" 4,000" 300" 3,000" 200" 2,000" 100" 1,000" 0" 0" 2002" 2003" 2004" 2005" 2006" 2007" 2008" 2009" 2010" 2011" 2012" 2002" 2003" 2004" 2005" 2006" 2007" 2008" 2009" 2010" 2011" 2012" Year" Year" Crime&Index Total&Police&Employees Nonviolent&Crime Total&Police&Officers Violent&Crime
Nonviolent"Crimes"2002;2012" Violent"Crimes"200292012"
3,000" 900" 800" 2,500" 700" 2,000" 600" 500" 1,500" 400" 1,000" 300" 200" 500" 100" 0" 0" 2002" 2003" 2004" 2005" 2006" 2007" 2008" 2009" 2010" 2011" 2012" 2002" 2003" 2004" 2005" 2006" 2007" 2008" 2009" 2010" 2011" 2012" Year" Year" Burglary Murder Larceny,Theft Rape Motor3Vehicle3Theft Aggravated-Assault Robbery
(New Jersey State Police Uniform Crime Reports 2002-2012)
Non-School Barriers to Student Success in Paterson, NJ 18 Common Themes Housing Health Parent and caregiver engagement Children’s programming and education
Non-School Barriers to Student Success in Paterson, NJ 19 Housing
Access to safe affordable housing stabilizes families with young children; Paterson’s lack of quality affordable housing is a stressor • The majority of renters have high housing costs • 70% rent; median market is $1,000 for a one-bedroom • 63% of renters spend at least 30% of income for housing; 47% spend more than 40% • The number of public housing units decreased in the last decade and there may be a reduction in the number of LIHTC and Federally Assisted (Project Based Section 8) units in the next 5-10 years because these programs provide time-delimited assistance • Many people own or rent properties that have gone through or are in foreclosure • For owners, this strips wealth, damages credit, and increases child mobility and instability • For renters, this may mean less housing maintenance, non-working utilities, and increased mobility • Some neighborhoods have high concentrations of vacant or abandoned housing • Some public, federally assisted and market rate housing raises quality and safety concerns
Non-School Barriers to Student Success in Paterson, NJ 20 Housing – Renter Occupied Units
Total Housing Units 2010 ! • 47,946 housing units ! Tenure of Occupied Units • Paterson: 70% rentals • NJ: 35% rentals ! Areas with Highest Rental Occupancy Rates • Downtown (Tract 1832 - 96%) • Great Falls (Tract 1818 - 96.5%) • Northside (Tract 2642 - 90%) • Sandy Hill (1817.02 - 93%) ! Areas with Highest Homeownership Rates • Hillcrest (Tract 1801 - 69%) ! ! (US Census 2010)
Non-School Barriers to Student Success in Paterson, NJ 21 Housing - Public and Federally Assisted
Public (government owned) and Federally Assisted Housing (privately owned with government assistance) ! Public Housing • 992 units at 7 locations • 300 family units • 692 senior units ! Federally Assisted Housing • 1,853 units at 25 locations • Contracts on 78% of assisted units expire within the next 5 years and may or may not be renewed • The number of public housing units has decreased and many federally assisted housing projects are at risk due to time-delimited assistance ! (Paterson Housing Authority; US HUD Multifamily)
Non-School Barriers to Student Success in Paterson, NJ, December 00 2013Non-School Barriers to Student Success in Paterson, NJ 22 Housing - Low Income Housing Tax Credits
Low Income Housing Tax Credit Units (LIHTC) ! • Properties that receive LIHTC are available at more affordable rents but may not be affordable to the poorest residents without additional subsidy ! • 313 LIHTC units replaced Christopher Columbus Homes ! • Many sites are in or near Downtown, transportation and services ! • Due to missing data in the federal database, it is unknown how many low-income LIHTC units are in place ! (US HUD LIHTC Database)
Non-School Barriers to Student Success in Paterson, NJ 23 Foreclosure – High Cost Loan Originations
Hawthorne Borough High Cost Lending
Prospect Park Borough Haledon Borough 182 !
Wayne Township Fair Lawn Borough 156 “High cost” identifies loans with combined interest rates and fees 3 241 313 190 123 percent or more above the prime rate 98 WARD 4 318 184
WARD 1 ! 132 369 146 23 218 High Cost Loans Originated 2005- 21 268
61 2006 27 WARD 3 263 WARD 2 WARD 5 • In many census tracts, at least half 297
126 38 of the loans were high cost during 191
Totowa Borough 239 the peak period of loose 114 Elmwood Park Borough 63 underwriting
115 250 WARD 6 ! 321 Areas With Higher Shares of High 259 Cost Loans Woodland Park Borough • Wards 1, 4 and 5 0 0.25 0.5 1 Miles ¯ • Wrigley Park and Northside Share of Loans that are High Cost Percent of Loans High Cost Paterson, NJ, 2005-2006 ! 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% (FFIEC 2006,2007) Sources: Home Mortgage Disclosure Act, foreclosure-response.org; NJ Office of Information * Value represents the number of high cost loans, by Technology; NJ Department of Environmental Protection 2000 Census Tract
Non-School Barriers to Student Success in Paterson, NJ 24 Housing - Foreclosure
Foreclosure ! • Foreclosure starts 2009-2013 • 2009: 1,763 • 2010: 1,331 • 2011: 368 • 2012: 751 • 2013: 1,125 ! (NJ Administrative Office of the Courts) ! • Foreclosure contributes to abandonment, housing price decline, displacement, borrower credit problems, and disrupted schooling and family life • Paterson is the 4th-hardest-hit city nationally for underwater homes ! (Alex Schwartz 2014)
Non-School Barriers to Student Success in Paterson, NJ 25 Housing - Cost Burdened Households
Hawthorne Borough Cost Burdened Renter
Prospect Park Borough Haledon Borough 289 [+/-97] Households Wayne Township Fair Lawn Borough 479 [+/-110] ! 321 [+/-149] 517 [+/-127] 284 [+/-92] Households that Pay More than 175 [+/-71] WARD 4 712 [+/-164] 298 [+/-113] 329 [+/-110] 50% of Income in Rent 2008-2012 382 [+/-110] 270 [+/-85] WARD 1 424 [+/-128] ! 339 [+/-123] 343 [+/-97] 563 [+/-153] 614 [+/-201] Areas Where More Than Half of 242 [+/-115] 309 [+/-103] 242 [+/-102] 627 [+/-155] WARD 3 WARD 2 Residents Pay More than 50% WARD 5 173 [+/-92] 312 [+/-94] • Parts of Wrigley Park, Northside and 346 [+/-88] 150 [+/-67] 244 [+/-94] Bunker Hill Totowa Borough 446 [+/-145] 506 [+/-130] Elmwood Park Borough 212 [+/-71] ! 361 [+/-106]
364 [+/-111] WARD 6 Areas Where More than 40% of
357 [+/-131] 89 [+/-55] Residents Pay More than 50%
546 [+/-153] • Stoney Road, People’s Park, Sandy Woodland Park Borough Hill, Wrigley Park and Totowa 0 0.25 0.5 1 Miles ¯ ! Share of Very Cost-Burdened Renting Households Share of Housholds Spending >50% Income on Rent (ACS 2008-2012) Paterson, NJ, 2008-2012 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% Sources: American Community Survey 2008-2012; TIGER Files; Ward Boundaries - Paterson Division of Information Technology, revised by RWV Center 04.2013; * Value represents number [and margin of error]of households NJ Office of Information Technology; NJ Department of Environmental Protection spending >50% of income on rent, by 2010 Census Tract
Non-School Barriers to Student Success in Paterson, NJ 26 Housing - Vacancy
Housing Vacancy 2010 • Vacancy rate 7.5% (3,617 units) ! Areas with Highest Vacancy • Wrigley Park • Tract 1815 - 21.5% vacant • Northside • Tract 1807 - 16.5% vacant (likely related to flooding from Hurricane Irene) ! Areas with Lowest Vacancy • Hillcrest, part of Totowa, Manor Section, East Side Park and part of Lakeview ! ! (US Census 2010)
Non-School Barriers to Student Success in Paterson, NJ 27 Housing – Length of Vacancy
Length of Residential Vacancy ! Areas where the average length of vacancy is three years or more • Some tracts in Riverside • Sandy Hill • part of Northside (possibly due to Hurricane Irene flooding) ! Areas where the average length of vacancy is one year or less • Manor Section • East Side Park • Bunker Hill • part of Northside • Hillcrest ! ! ! ! (USPS 2012; US HUD 2012)
Non-School Barriers to Student Success in Paterson, NJ 28 Vacancy - Wrigley Park
Wrigley Park Vacant Property ! Wrigley Park has many vacant properties and some have been vacant for years ! Some reasons For vacancy • Decades of disinvestment • High cost lending • Foreclosure • Recession ! Concerns about vacant properties • Drug and gang activity • Fires • Crime • Visual of abandonment • Further disinvestment ! (Interviews 2013)
Non-School Barriers to Student Success in Paterson, NJ 29 Housing - Wrigley Park Property Sales
Wrigley Park Property Sales ! Wrigley Park experienced frequent property sales between 2007 and 2012 • Some properties sold repeatedly during that time frame ! 4th Ward Collaborative is coordinating responses to abandoned properties issues and includes representatives from • Habitat for Humanity • Paterson Housing Authority • Local churches • Local neighborhood organizations ! (Interviews 2013)
Non-School Barriers to Student Success in Paterson, NJ 30 Housing – Older Housing Stock
Housing Built Before 1950 (2000) ! • Half of units were built before 1950 ! Concerns • More expensive to maintain • Higher utility costs • Need for weatherization • Toxins • Lead paint • Asbestos • Lead in water pipes ! Benefits • Older housing in the Manor Section ! and East Side Park is in demand (US Census 2000)
Non-School Barriers to Student Success in Paterson, NJ 31 Housing - Federally Assisted & Public Housing Quality
1 Hawthorne Borough st Ave 2n d Ave Public and Federally Assisted
Prospect Park Borough Haledon Borough
H Housing Quality is Regularly a le d Wayne Township o Fair Lawn Borough n A ve Assessed The William Hinchliffe Manor (90) Riverside Terrace Ö S
t Development (41) Nathan Barnert Öa t t • e Score below 60 is “failing” S Senior Residence (70) n R
a t m e Ö 2 ls
WARD 1 0 o WARD 4 y H dwa Madison Apts (81) Broa Riverview Towers ! INCCA-Carroll (52) I & II (85 & 95) Carroll St Apts (1) Ö ÖÖ Ö Dr Norman Cotton McLean B ÖÖ Ö Senior Residence (70) lvd Ö Rising Dove Federally Assisted Properties (last Colt Arms (51) Ö Senior Apts (87) Rosa Parks Ö ÖFederation Apts (71) Triangle Village (98) Apts (90) Aspen Hamilton Rev William Griffin Apts (60) Senior Residence (70) Ö Dr Andrew McBride ÖPCA Investments available score) Senior Residence (62) Ö Paterson Consumer Ö Ö Jay Sullivan Home (79) Ö Ct (84) Ö Essex Phoenix Gordon Canfield Plaza WARD 3 Mills (81) Dale Ave Apts (55) ÖÖSenior Residence (62) • More than half (13) scored above 80 WARD 2 WARD 5 M Straight and Jackson-Slater a • 5 scored below 60 i Apts (94) n Ö Narrow Apts (87) S Öt ÖÖÖ Gov Paterson Towers ! I (90), II (47), & III (43) Totowa Borough
S
t Elmwood Park Borough
a
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9
M WARD 6 • Riverside Terrace: 41
a r s h a Joseph Masiello l l S Senior Residence (62) S Ö t t a • Barnert, Cotton, & Griffin Senior vd Harborside Apts (88) t l e B Ö R n t io Harborside II e n Ö Independent Living 2 U 0 Residences: 70
Woodland Park Borough ÖBrick Residence (94) • McBride, Canfield, & Masiello 0 0.25 0.5 1 Miles ¯ Senior Residences: 62
S
t
a
t Physical Inspection Score
e Physical Inspection Scores, Public & Multifamily Housin R g t ! e Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö 5
0 Paterson, NJ 9 No Score <60 60-69 70-79 80-89 90 + (US HUD Multifamily and Sources: US Department of Housing and Urban Development, HUD USER; Ward Boundaries - Paterson Division of Information Technology, revised by RWV Center 04.2013; NJ Office of Information Technology; * Most recent recorded physical inspection score (2010.) Physical Inspection Databases NJ Department of Environmental Protection Score under 60 is considered Failing. 2013)
Non-School Barriers to Student Success in Paterson, NJ 32 Health
• Healthy children do better in school and Paterson families need more health resources • Paterson health institutions provide services in some neighborhoods but with limited hours and services • Prenatal care is fundamental to children’s health but up to 15% of mothers do not receive it • Paterson houses regional drug treatment centers which ensures access for local residents but draws people who are addicted who congregate in and around local health institutions • Paterson has risks for elevated lead which is especially dangerous for children under 6 • St. Joseph’s Hospital offers many programs but the campus is difficult to reach from some parts of the city and some residents may feel uncomfortable accessing services there • Interviewees report need for affordable and accessible (language and cost): preventive dental care, mental health services for children and parents, support to fight drug use in homes and neighborhoods, asthma care, domestic violence prevention and assistance, and diabetes prevention and management
Non-School Barriers to Student Success in Paterson, NJ 33 ## #
# Health – Organizational Infrastructure v®
1 Hawthorne Borough st Ave Clinics and FQHCs # 2n 1. Brodway Clinic (FQHC) d Ave Paterson Health 2. Paterson Community Health Center (FQHC) Prospect Park Borough 3. PS #5 School-Based Health Center Haledon Borough # 4. Eva's Village Medical & Dental Clinic H Infrastructure a 5. St. Joseph's Family Health Center le d Wayne Township o Fair Lawn Borough n 6. VA Paterson Clinic A ve !
S
t
a • St. Joseph’s Hospital and Federally
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# 5 ! # G WARD 3 WARD 2 • Some Paterson Public Schools # 4 WARD 5 GM
a i n S operate health clinics for children t
I-80 who attend those schools and their Totowa Borough 6
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M WARD 6 a r s h
a l l S S t t a lvd t e • Dental services are provided at B R n t io e v® n 2 U 0 FQHC locations, the Paterson Health Woodland Park Borough Department, St. Joseph’s Hospital, 0 0.25 0.5 1 Miles ¯ and via Paterson Community Health
S
t
a
t
e R v® Hospital # Nursing Homes Health Infrastructure Overview t Center’s Mobile Van e
5
0 !( Paterson, NJ, 2012 9 G Dental Clinics # Clinics and FQHCs Sources: FQHCs - Health Resources and Services Administration 2013; Hospitals (2008), Nursing Homes ! (2010), EMS (2008) - NJ Office of Information Technology; NJ Dental Clinic Directory, 2014 !( Emergency Medical Services Ward Boundaries - Paterson Division of Information Technology, revised by RWV Center 04.2013; NJ Department of Environmental Protection
Non-School Barriers to Student Success in Paterson, NJ 34 Health – Fertility & Prenatal Care
Share of Births by Race/Ethnicity of Mother, Share of Infants with Low Birthweight, by Race/Ethnicity of Mother, Paterson, NJ, 2005-2009 Paterson, NJ, 2005-2009
3.4%& 0.8%& 18%# 16%# 15.4%& 8.1%& 14%# 11.4%& 12%# 10.2%& 10%# 7.8%& 25.9%& 8%# 8.3%& 61.4%& 6%# 4%# 2%#
Share&of&Infants&Low&Birthweight& 0%#
Overall#
Black,#non=Hispanic#White,#non=Hispanic# Hispanic/Latino Asian, non-Hispanic Hispanic#(of#any#race)# Asian/Pacific#Islander,# Black, non-Hispanic Other, non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic
Source: NJ Dept of Health, Center for Health Statistics, NJ State Health Assessment Database, 2005-2009
Non-School Barriers to Student Success in Paterson, NJ 35 Health - Behavioral and Mental Health
1 Hawthorne Borough st Ave 2n d Ave Behavioral and Mental Health
Prospect Park Borough Haledon Borough ! H a le d Wayne Township o Fair Lawn Borough n A ve The research team identified
S
t behavioral and mental health a
t t S e n R
a t m e 2 ls o WARD 4 0 programs in Paterson but y H dwa Broa
WARD 1 McL interviewees stressed that there ean Blvd Kilbarchan Residential Options Counseling St Joseph's !. Center !. ACCESS Program Treatment Center -Paterson Counseling Center !. !. is unmet demand -St Joseph's: Inner City -Outpatient Mental Health Clinic Our House Counseling Services Self-Help Center -ACCESS Outpatient Services St Joseph's, Residential Services !. -Supportive Housing St Joseph's, Homeless (PATH) -County Mental Health Board !. WARD 3 WARD 2 NJCDC Supportive !. !. !. WARD 5 Bridges to Housing Success M
a i S n ta S te t R te 1 9 I-80 Totowa Borough VA NJ St Joseph's Right Step Program !. Elmwood Park Borough !. Paterson Clinic St Joseph's Harbor House!. Partial Hospitalization !. St Josephs Regional St Joseph's Medical Center Behavioral Health M WARD 6
a r s h
a l l S S t t a vd t l e B R n t io e n 2 U 0
Woodland Park Borough 0 0.25 0.5 1 Miles ¯
S
t
a
t
e
R SAMHSA Listed Facility
Mental Health Facilities t e 5 !. Mental Health
0 Paterson, NJ 9 !. Mental Health & Substance Abuse Sources: Substance Abuse & Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) "Facility Locator," US Dept of HHS, NJ DHS Listed Facility 2013; Division of Mental Health Services, NJ DHS; Hospitals - NJ Office of Information Technology, 2008; Ward Boundaries - Paterson Division of Information Technology, revised by RWV Center 04.2013; NJ Department of !. Mental Health and/or Substance Abuse Environmental Protection
Non-School Barriers to Student Success in Paterson, NJ 36 Health - Substance Abuse Facilities
1 Hawthorne Borough st Ave 2n d Ave Substance Abuse Facilities
Prospect Park Borough Haledon Borough ! H a le d Wayne Township o Fair Lawn Borough n A ve Substance abuse facilities are
S
t accessible and also serve people a
t t S e n R
a t m e 2 ls o WARD 4 0 from outside the city who need y H dwa Broa
WARD 1 -Paterson Counseling Center McL treatment and sometimes remain ean Blvd -St Joseph's: -ACCESS Outpatient Services Options Counseling -Supportive Housing !.Center Well of Hope CDC -County Mental Health Board !. Challenge !. ! -Evas Village: Inner City Programs of NJ -Halfway House for Men !. Our House Counseling Services Damon House Self-Help Center -Halfway House for Women St Joseph's, Residential Services!.!.!. Outpatient -Recovery Center St Joseph's, Homeless (PATH) Paterson, Passaic, and Wayne !. !. WARD 3 WARD 2 !. !. !. WARD 5 NJCDC Bridges to Supportive !. !. Success M have drug treatment facilities Housing a i S n ta S te t R te 1 that address addictions other 9 I-80 Totowa Borough !. Straight and Narrow Elmwood Park Borough than alcohol St Josephs Regional Medical Center
M WARD 6 ! a r s h
a l l S S t t a vd t Services are concentrated in l e B R n t io e n 2 U 0 downtown near the main branch Woodland Park Borough of the Paterson Public library 0 0.25 0.5 1 Miles ¯
S
t
a
t
e
R SAMHSA Listed Facility
Substance Abuse Facilities t e 5 !. Mental Health & Substance Abuse
0 Paterson, NJ 9 !. Substance Abuse Sources: Substance Abuse & Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) "Facility Locator," US Dept of HHS, NJ DHS Listed Facility 2013; Division of Mental Health Services, NJ DHS; Hospitals - NJ Office of Information Technology, 2008; Ward Boundaries - Paterson Division of Information Technology, revised by RWV Center 04.2013; NJ Department of !. Mental Health and/or Substance Abuse Environmental Protection
Non-School Barriers to Student Success in Paterson, NJ 37 Health - Food Security
Children need access to healthy, affordable, culturally relevant food • 85% of district students qualify for free or reduced lunch • Every district school is at least 60% free or reduced lunch eligible • Nearly 1/3 of Paterson residents surveyed say “safe and nutritious food is either somewhat or very unavailable in their communities” (United Way, Where’s the Food, 2012) • Interviewees report that a concerning number of children do not eat between lunch at school one day and lunch at school the next • Interviewees note prenatal nutrition is important to women’s and children’s health
Non-School Barriers to Student Success in Paterson, NJ 38 Health - Food, Nutrition and Hunger
Free and Reduced Price Lunch Eligibility ! • Because 85% of students districtwide (and >60% of children at each school) qualify for free or reduced price lunch, schools are an excellent place to ensure that children have access to healthy food (SY 2011-12) ! • Breakfast-After-the-Bell may help ensure that children eat breakfast and school food quality can be further improved ! ! (NJ Department of Agriculture 2012)
Non-School Barriers to Student Success in Paterson, NJ 39 Health - Food, Nutrition & Hunger
Accessing Fresh Food ! • Many interviewees reported that some children do not eat between lunch at school one day and lunch at school the next (Interviews, 2014) ! • Nearly 1/3 of Paterson survey respondents felt “safe and nutritious food is either somewhat or very unavailable in their communities” (United Way 2012) ! • Smaller supermarkets and corner stores are located in many neighborhoods but may lack fresh food !
Non-School Barriers to Student Success in Paterson, NJ 40 Food, Nutrition and Hunger
Urban Agriculture and Community Education ! • Community organizations run community gardens and educational programs to teach children how to grow and eat fresh food ! • CityGreen pictured on the top left and bottom right provides children with opportunities to grow and cook fresh food. Their summer youth program, pictured on the bottom right includes summer youth interns who teach Paterson summer recreation participants how to make pasta from eggplant and fresh sauce from tomatoes
Photos: K Newman, 2013.
Non-School Barriers to Student Success in Paterson, NJ 41 Parent and Caregiver Support
Parents need as much support as children • 43% of households with children are headed by single women; 5,409 children under 18 live in grandparent-headed households and 51% of those children are 5 years old or less • Immigrants are the fastest-growing segment of the parent population; they need special support, services, translation, and documents in their native languages • Many immigrant and native-born parents dropped out of school early and lack the ability to fully support school work; further, parents’ own negative school experiences impact their expectations for their own children • Many parents work multiple low-wage jobs that make it difficult to attend and communicate with schools; improving income potential through education is essential • Adults have access to some ESL, GED, job training and parenting programs but there is no central hub to find programs citywide and programs may be full, not locally accessible, or not offered in speakers’ native languages • Interviewees note that parents face cultural and language differences when addressing teachers and other providers and say that outreach programs must be sensitive to low income, working parents’ realities which include flexible schedules, transportation, and safety at evening appointments and school meetings
Non-School Barriers to Student Success in Paterson, NJ 42 Caregivers - Female-Headed Households
Female-Headed Households ! Share of all households with children that are female-headed in 2010 • Paterson: 43% • Passaic County: 26% • New Jersey: 21% ! Share of female-headed households exceeds 60% in 2010 in some census tracts in • Wrigley Park • Northside • Downtown • Sandy Hill (US Census 2010)
Non-School Barriers to Student Success in Paterson, NJ 43 Caregivers - Grandparents
Children Living With Grandparents ! • 5,409 children under 18 live in grandparent-headed households • 51% of those children are 5 years old or less (2010 Census) ! Of children under 18 • 10% live with grandparents (+/-1.7) • 4% live with other relatives (+/- 0.9) (2008-2012 ACS) ! Interviewees stated that many children help younger siblings • Homework • Household care • Meal preparation (Interviews 2014)
Non-School Barriers to Student Success in Paterson, NJ 44 Caregivers - Language Diversity
Linguistically Diverse City ! Languages commonly spoken in homes of schoolchildren • Spanish • Schools across Paterson include families who speak Spanish at home • More than 50% of families at some schools speak Spanish at home especially in Ward 5 • Arabic • Families at some schools in South Paterson speak Arabic at home • 21% at School 9 • Bengali • Many families in Totowa speak Bengali at home • 25% at School 5 ! (NJ Dept of Education 2013)
Non-School Barriers to Student Success in Paterson, NJ 45 Caregivers - Adult Education
Adult Education ! Many agencies provide adult education and there is additional demand for courses and coordinated information about course offerings for • ESL • GED • Job training • Higher education • Parenting ! Interviewees asked for • Neighborhood based instruction • Day and evening classes • Classes in different languages • Educational pipelines so that adults can continue to develop their skills ! (Interviews 2013)
Non-School Barriers to Student Success in Paterson, NJ 46 Access to Quality Children’s Programs
Preschool positively impacts academic outcomes but many families are not aware of or able to access free “Abbott” programs • English language learners make up a significant proportion of school students; in some Ward 5 schools English language learners are the majority • Paterson student demand for safe after-school and summer education and enrichment programs exceeds supply • Interviewees note that location, quality and staff language diversity of preschool and family services such as before- and after-care (especially funding rules for wrap around care) impact use • Interviewees report that nonprofits seek ways to partner more effectively with the district to identify and serve children with learning disabilities
Non-School Barriers to Student Success in Paterson, NJ 47 Children’s Programs - Preschool
Hawthorne Borough Preschools School No. 18 !( Prospect Park Borough Haledon Borough ! Wayne Township Fair Lawn Borough • 32 Total: 9 District, 23 private
B.J. !( Friendship Wilkerson III !(Corner II • Ward 1: 9 preschools
School No. 10 !( • Ward 2: 3 preschools WARD 4
School No. 28 !( !( • Ward 3: 3 preschools WARD 1 Gilmore St. Mary's School !( School No. 1 !( Calvary Baptist !( • Ward 4: 8 preschools School No. 6 !( Paterson Day Care 100 Love Kids !( !( !(Care II B.J. PCCC Child Wilkerson I Dev. Center • Ward 5: 6 preschools !( !(Memorial II A Whole YMCA El Mundo Friendship New World !( Dale Corner I !( De Colores!( !(Avenue !( WARD 3 School • Ward 6: 3 preschools WARD 2 Memorial School No. 15 Paterson Family !( Day (Madison K Center) Center !( !( !( Michael's Energy Factory El Mundo WARD 5 !( Del Nino !(La Vida ! !(School No. 24 !(La Vida Too !( Concerned Parents • 58 Early Head Start Slots for Head Start !( Totowa Borough Hogar Infantil Elmwood Park Borough !
WARD 6 Preschool Attendance (2008-2012) St. Joseph's Child Care !( • 3,625 (±434) children attend nursery school and preschools IEP Early Learning Center !( Woodland Park Borough • 65.9% (±4.9) of children 3 and 4 0 0.25 0.5 1 Miles ¯ years old are enrolled in school Abbott Preschools • 96.4% (±2.4) attend public Paterson, NJ, 2013 !( Preschool (Abbott, in-District) schools !( Preschool (Abbott, NAEYC Accredited) Sources: Preschool Locations - Paterson Public Schools, 2013; Ward Boundaries - Paterson Division of Information Technology, revised by RWV Center 04.2013; NJ Office of Information Technology; NJ • 3.6% (±2.4) attend private Department of Environmental Protection school ! (ACS 2008-2012; PPS 2013; Interviews 2013)
Non-School Barriers to Student Success in Paterson, NJ 48 Children’s Programs - Preschool
Hawthorne Borough Preschool ! Prospect Park Borough Haledon Borough 449 ! Wayne Township Fair Lawn Borough 210 319 This map shows the number of
! 564 367 248 ! children under 5 in 2010 and the !
259 location of preschools. Most 462 WARD 4 609 318 ! 258 WARD 1 ! preschools are located in and ! ! 288 ! ! 426 662 122 ! ! ! 468 around the downtown and are
465 ! ! 295 WARD 3 248 484 not necessarily within walking ! ! ! WARD 2 ! ! ! ! WAR!D 5 ! 143 430 distance of some neighborhoods. ! ! 155 274 ! ! 389 ! 535 Totowa Borough ! 254 310 Elmwood Park Borough 282 210
! 363
WARD 6 221
643 ! Woodland Park Borough 0 0.25 0.5 1 Miles ¯ Children Under 5 by Census Tract Number of Children Under 5 Paterson, NJ, 2010 100 200 300 400 500 600 Sources: US Census 2010; Ward Boundaries - Paterson Division of Information Technology, revised by RWV Center 04.2013; NJ Office of Information Technology; NJ Department of * Value represents the number of children Environmental Protection under 5, by 2010 Census Tract
Non-School Barriers to Student Success in Paterson, NJ 49 Children’s Programs - Childcare Centers
Hawthorne Borough Childcare Programs !( Prospect Park Borough Haledon Borough !( !( ! Wayne Township Fair Lawn Borough !( !( !( • 55 full day programs !(
!( !( • 19 after-school !( !( • 2 half and full day WARD 4 !(!( !( !( !( !( !( • 1 full day and after-school program WARD 1 !( !( !( !( !( !( ! !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( • !( !( Interviewees note that some !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( WARD 3 !( !( parents travel across the city to use WARD 2 !( !( !( !( !( !( WARD 5 !( !( !( particular centers based on
!( !( !( !( !( reputation, past use, or language/ Totowa Borough !( !( !( !( Elmwood Park Borough cultural ability !(
WARD 6 ! !( • There is demand for more cultural enrichment in after-school
!( Woodland Park Borough programs 0 0.25 0.5 1 Miles ¯
Childcare Centers !( After School Paterson, NJ, 2013 !( Full Day and After School !( Full Day Sources: Preschool Locations - Paterson Public Schools, 2013; Ward Boundaries - Paterson Division of Information Technology, revised by RWV Center 04.2013; NJ Office of Information Technology; NJ !( Half and Full Day Department of Environmental Protection
Non-School Barriers to Student Success in Paterson, NJ 50 Children’s Programs - Summer Camp Programs
Summer Camp ! City of Paterson Division of Recreation Summer Camp Programs are offered at 18 !locations
Non-School Barriers to Student Success in Paterson, NJ 51 Children’s Programs - Limited English Proficiency
Limited English Proficiency ! Highest percentages of students with limited English proficiency • Ward 5 (EHS, RC, New RC, PS 11, PS 15, PS 3, PS 24) • South Paterson (PS 9) • Riverside (PS 18) • !Totowa (PS 5) • Newcomer school at School 11 for grades 4 through 8 • Bilingual emphasis in other schools • Arabic in School 9 • Bengali in School 5 • Not all children have access to ESL classes appropriate to their language and level ! (Interviews 2013; NJ Dept. of Education 2012)
Non-School Barriers to Student Success in Paterson, NJ 52 Neighborhood Based Services
• Create neighborhood centers possibly at public schools and offer education (ESL, GED, tutoring), after-care, cultural opportunities, health services and education, parenting classes, immigration information and services, recreation space and programming, library book mobile, and healthy fresh food, cooking and nutrition classes • Create one-stop-shop immigrant service and information centers • Organize line level social workers and those who work directly with families such as family workers in the Healthy Families Program and Abbott preschools to learn about service needs; provide these workers with information that providers want delivered to residents in a coordinated way • Build the capacity of Paterson’s nonprofit organizational sector; increased capacity could help raise Paterson’s profile as a place for philanthropic investment
Non-School Barriers to Student Success in Paterson, NJ, December 00 2013Non-School Barriers to Student Success in Paterson, NJ 53 Ways to Use This Report
• Know who does what in the city, share materials and provide referrals • Find a voice in key issues even if you do not work directly with them; support nonprofit partners in efforts to improve • Housing • Health • Food security • Parent support • Quality children’s programs • Know who lives in your neighborhood; when possible, hire staff with language and cultural competency • Support whole families to support children • Provide services within neighborhoods; offer services in multiple languages with multicultural sensitivity, where possible
Non-School Barriers to Student Success in Paterson, NJ, December 00 2013Non-School Barriers to Student Success in Paterson, NJ 54 Sources
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New Jersey Department of Health (NJDOH). 2013b. Percentage with Prenatal Care in the First Trimester, 2005-2009. Retrieved on August 13, 2013 from Center for Health Sta s cs, New Jersey State Health Assessment Data. h p://njshad.doh.state.nj.us/
New Jersey Department of Health (NJDOH). 2013c. Average Age at Death, 2005-2009. Retrieved on August 13, 2013 from Center for Health Sta s cs, New Jersey State Health Assessment Data. h p://njshad.doh.state.nj.us/
New Jersey Department of Health (NJDOH). 2013d. Death Counts by Age of Decedent, 2005-2009. Retrieved on August 13, 2013 from Center for Health Sta s cs, New Jersey State Health Assessment Data. h p://njshad.doh.state.nj.us/
New Jersey Department of Health (NJDOH). 2013e. Death Counts by Major Causes, 2005-2009. Retrieved on August 13, 2013 from Center for Health Sta s cs, New Jersey State Health Assessment Data. h p://njshad.doh.state.nj.us/
New Jersey Department of Health (NJDOH) et al. 2011. Childhood Lead Poisoning in NJ: Annual Report. h p://www.nj.gov/health/ s/documents/childhoodlead2011.pdf
New Jersey Department of Labor (NJDOL). 2013. Annual Data: Total Labor Force, Employed, Unemployed and Unemployment Rate Municipal Es mates. 2000-2012. h p:// lwd.dol.state.nj.us/labor/lpa/employ/uirate/lfest_index.html
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Paterson Housing Authority. 2013. “Low Rent Public Housing.” h p://www.patersonhousingauthority.org/housing/publichousinginfo.html
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Non-School Barriers to Student Success in Paterson, NJ, December 00 2013Non-School Barriers to Student Success in Paterson, NJ 55 Sources
Paterson Public Schools. 2014. Preschool Loca ons. h p://www.paterson.k12.nj.us/11_departments/ECE%20docs/2013-2014%20preschool-list.pdf
Paterson Public Schools. 2012. “System-Wide Framework for Transforma on.” h p://www.paterson.k12.nj.us/departments/superintendent/reports/System-Wide %20Transforma on%20Plan%20May%202012%20Final.pdf
Paterson Public Schools. 2013. Breakfast Before the Bell. Presented at Theory of Change Workshop for Community Family Schools. August 1. Paterson Public Schools, Paterson, NJ
Schwartz, Alexis. 2014. Underwater America: New Jersey Too. Presenta on at the Community Housing Roundtable. Seton Hall Law School May 29.
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U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. 2013. Low-Income Housing Tax Credits (LIHTC) Database. Accessed June. h p://www.huduser.org/portal/datasets/ lihtc.html
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. 2013. Mul family Assistance and Sec on 8 Contracts Database. Accessed April. h p://portal.hud.gov/hudportal/HUD? src=/program_offices/housing/m /exp/m discl
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. 2011. Mul family Physical Inspec on Scores 2011. h p://www.huduser.org/portal/datasets/pis.html
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United Way of Passaic County and CUMAC. 2013. Where’s the Food? A Report on Food Insecurity and Food in Passaic County, New Jersey. h p://unitedwaypassaic.org/media/ HFC_report_2.29.2012.pdf
Non-School Barriers to Student Success in Paterson, NJ, December 00 2013Non-School Barriers to Student Success in Paterson, NJ 56 Many Thanks
• Taub Foundation ! ! ! • Boys & Girls Club of Paterson and Passaic • Paterson Alliance • CUMAC • Paterson Education Fund • Habitat for Humanity • Paterson Family Success Center • Housing Authority of the city Of Paterson • Paterson Public Library • Inspiring South Asian Youth (i-Say) • Paterson Public Schools • Latino Service Center • St. Luke CDC • NJCDC • St. Pauls CDC • Partnership for Maternal and Child Health of • United Way of Passaic County Northern NJ • 4Cs of Passaic County ! ! !
Non-School Barriers to Student Success in Paterson, NJ Impact of Paterson’s Environment on Children
Ralph W. Voorhees Center for Civic Engagement Edward J. Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy Rutgers University 2014