Recent Research in Science and Technology 2012, 4(7): 03-04 ISSN: 2076-5061 Available Online: http://recent-science.com/

Efficacy of value added foxtail millet therapeutic in the management of diabetes and dyslipidamea in type 2 diabetic patients

M. V. Jali 1, M.Y. Kamatar 2, Sujata M. Jali 1, M. B. Hiremath 1 and Rama K. Naik 2

1Diabetes Center KLES Dr. Prabhakar Kore Hospital and Medical Research Center, KLE University, Belgaum- 590010, India. 2 National Agricultural Innovation Project, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad- 580 005, Karnataka State, India

Abstract Introduction: The dietary strategies aim at improving both diabetes control and cardiovascular risk factors is the use of low– glycemic index diets. has been the sheet anchor in the management of diabetes. We studied the effect of increasing the intake of millet based diet in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus . Methods: In a randomized, crossover study, we assigned 300 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus to follow millet based diabetic diet, each for 90 days: a diet containing moderate amounts of fiber similar to as recommended by the American Diabetes Association (ADA). The diet is being prepared in a research laboratory of NAIP of UAS Dharwad. We compared the effects of the millet based diet on glycemic control and plasma concentrations. Fasting plasma total cholesterol and triglycerides were measured. Cholesterol in the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) fraction was estimated. Results : Compliance with the diets was excellent. The millet based diet lowered HbA1c (19.14%), fasting glucose (13.5 %), insulin (1.9%) concentrations, total cholesterol concentrations (13.25 %), triglyceride concentrations (13.51%), and very-low- density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations by 4.5 percent in the patients with type 2 diabetes. However, the group did not differ for changes in body weight. Conclusions: A high intake of millet based , improves glycemic control, decreases hyperinsulinemia, and lowers plasma lipid concentrations in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Keywords: Type 2 diabetics, glycemic index, foxtail millet diet

INTRODUCTION mellitus is the attainment of near normal glycaemia. The target for Millets are small seeded grasses that are hardy and grow well good glycaemic control recommended by the American Diabetes in dry zones as rain-fed crops, under marginal conditions of soil Association (ADA) is glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) < 7.0%. fertility and moisture in semi arid tropic region. They are highly Diabetes can be managed by slight modification in diet and low nutritious, non-glutinous and not acid forming . Compared to dosage of medicine 2. Millet grains superior to major cereals with rice, especially polished rice, millets release lesser percentage of respect to protein, energy, and minerals. Beside, they are a glucose and over a longer period of time. This lowers the risk of rich source of dietary fiber, phytochemicals, non starchy diabetes. The global increase in the prevalence of diabetes is due to polysaccharides and have a low glycemic index 3, and hence can be population growth, aging, urbanisation and an increase of used in therapeutic diet. The dietary strategy aim at improving both and physical inactivity. The primary determinants of the epidemic are diabetes control and cardiovascular risk factors is the use of low– the rapid epidemiological transition associated with changes in glycemic index diets. Hence we aimed to study the effect of dietary patterns and decreased physical activity. The importance of increasing the intake of millet based diet for long period of 90 days in can be traced back to the days of the ancient patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus . ayurvedic physician Sushruta. He reported the consumption of wholesome foods, beside hereditary factors, to be a culprit for the MATERIALS AND METHODS development of diabetes. Indeed, before the discovery of insulin, diet was the only treatment and was successful at the level of near In a randomized, crossover study, we assigned 300 patients starvation, for a limited period of time. Today, the pendulum has with type 2 diabetes mellitus to follow foxtail millet based diabetic swung from the starvation diet of Allen to modern high carbohydrate diet (80 gm), each for 90 days: a diet containing moderate amounts and high fiber diet 1. The primary goal of the management of diabetes of fiber similar to that recommended by the American Diabetes Association (ADA). The foxtail millet based diabetic diet was supplied

by National Agricultural Innovation Project laboratory of University of Received: May 18, 2012; Revised: June 20, 2012; Accepted: July 28, 2012. Agricultural Sciences Dharwad. This diet was combination of foxtail *Corresponding Author millet, split black gram and spice mix in specific ratio, thus had glycemic index of 49.64 percent. The 80 gm diet had approximately M. V. Jali Diabetes Center KLES Dr. Prabhakar Kore Hospital & Medical Research Center, 16 g fibre, 248 kcals energy, 11.4 g protein, 71 mg calcium, 60 µg KLE University, Belgaum- 590010, India. carotene and 3 mg iron. Approval to conduct the study was obtained from the Medical Director. All the patients were informed about the Email: [email protected] purpose and nature of the study and a written informed consent was

4 Jali et al., obtained from each subject. The investigations were carried out Renal panel studies also indicated desirable improvements in during 2012 at the KLES Diabetes centre, Belgaum. We compared the diabetic patients studied. The study involved different the effects of the millet based diet on glycemic control and plasma experiences of people taking medicine and millet based diet. lipid concentrations. Fasting plasma, total cholesterol, lipoprotein However, the group did not differ for changes in body weight, or the cholesterol, and triglycerides were measured. The cross over clinical other diet intake. trial was carried out to check the role of confounding variables on various biochemical parameters, which may be due to the subject’s DISCUSSION physiological and behavioral variations. A high intake of millet based dietary fiber, improved the glycemic control, decreased the hyper insulinemia, and lowerd the plasma lipid concentrations in patients with type 2 diabetes. The observations are in line with other studies 4-7 regarding lowering the serum triglycerides, serum cholesterol and serum glucose in patients taking low glycemic index diet. Considerable level of positive change in glyco-lipemic parameters may be attributed to presence of fibre content in foxtail millet which is slowly digested and absorbed in the intestine. Further specific combination of five spices used in the diet mix exhibit hypoglycemic and hypocholestrolemic effects when consumed with the diet Thus, it can be concluded that millets do have a potential for a protective role in the management of diabetes. Hence this foxtail millet based diabetic diet can be used by diabetic Statistical analysis patients for the management of diabetes as well dyslipidamea to certain extent. To elucidate the present findings further studies with Student’s t-test was used to find out differences before and large sample is warranted. after the supplementation. 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