THE IMPROVEMENT ERA Brick Has Helped to Build the West

/MmprouemenflEra t&desisual'

I resident

V-SriGh am New Freedom for Homemakers (it's Gas-equipped, of course)

Study this design for delightful living and easier housework!

It's a "New Freedom," gas-equipped kitchen, planned to save hundreds of steps a day. * Meals almost cook themselves on the automatic "CP" gas range that dials from pin-point simmer-

flame to top heat in an instant . . . smokelessly broils meats to The West Prefers browned and juicy perfection . . . bakes and roasts with pro-

fessional-chef results. * The gas refrigerator is silent for life.

And the automatic gas water heater is a "bottomless well" of steaming-clear water for dishes and every household need. *

• FLEXIBLE "All-gas" ^ICK • • DEPENDABLE . EC0N0Hli (including house heating) is another term for modem. CLEAN CAL

MOUNTAIN FUEL SUPPLY COMPANY Serving Twenty-six Utah and Wyoming Communities YOURS FOR THE ASKING

Beautiful, Interesting Historical Pictures of Utah Original Photographs Depicting

Early Days _. ,

These photographs are attractively reproduced by lithography and will make a handsome addition to any historical collection in the home. For framing, for souvenirs, for friends— ideal for preserving in a special album which is available to you, APPROPRIATE «v| Drive in to any Vico-Pep 88 station in Utah and FOR FRAMING ask for historical photographs of Utah-which you can the Centennial observance. These photographs are beauti- preserve as a reminder of fully reproduced in Duotone, Anyone interested in preserving historical views will find These are among the subjects included in the series: themiespeciatlt/ attractive and interesting. They are free of advertising and are reproduced on special heavy paper, One of the First Homes in Utah Original Cove Fort suitable for framing- Deseret Store and Tithing Office, 1862 Mule Car— 1883 Social Hall, First Western Theatre, 1852 Logan in Pioneer Days Lion House and Bee Hive House with Garfield Beach— 1875 Brigham original Young's office, I860 Original State Capitol at Fillmore Eagle Gate and Brigham Young America's First Department Store, Schoolhouse, 1859 1869 'mm Water Wheel in Early Days St. George Temple in Construction Original Council House, 1849 Brigham Young Monument on American Telegraph Office— 1861 Temple Grounds Salt Lake Theatre- 1862 Provo in Early Days A SPECIAL ALBUM FOR Tabernacle— 1865 Main Street in Salt Lake— 1883 YOUR PICTURES First Catholic Church in Utah— 1872 Laying of capstone of Historical views, with their Ogden in Early Days Salt Lake Temple— 1892 descriptive stories and information, are a valuable record of highlights of early days— in vivid two colors, yellow and black. To preserve your collection you may secure a Preserve them in a beautiful, convenient album, handsome, specially designed album at an attractive price which you can obtain at any Vico-Pep 88 station also available at Vico- Pep 88 stations. or dealer at nominal cost.

ATLAS *A

Pep 88 Regular Vico, Quaker State Atlas Gasoline Pertnalube Motor Otis Products

1 JVi UTA % E F' f N ING CO PANT

JULY 1947 417 Throughout the more than 75 years of its history, the Rio Grande has been closely identified with Utah. The founders of this modern transportation network were imbued with the same aggressive pioneer spirit that actuated the men and women who transformed a barren

desert into a fertile, productive commonwealth.

Today, the New Rio Grande— a western railroad operated

by western men— is more closely identified with Utah

than ever before in their concurrent histories. Together they stand on the threshold of a future bright with the promise of continuing growth and development.

DENVER & RIO GRANDE WESTERN RAILROAD

418 THE IMPROVEMENT ERA Brick has helped to build the West . . . and turally sound as the day the brick came we here at Interstate Brick Company are from the kiln. In the ever-expanding de- proud of the part our product has played in mands of the future, brick, the material this story of progress. For more than 56 of a thousand uses, will be in the forefront years brick with the Brickman seal has been . . . adaptable, beautiful and permanent. part and parcel of Utah's growth. Thous- ands of industrial buildings, dwellings* schools and churches have been built with

brick . . . and many of these structures have stood the test of more than half a century

. . . their beauty undimmed, and as struc-

BRICK COMPANY

JULY 1947 419 Official Organ of the Priesthood Quorums, Mutual Improvement Associations, Depart- ment of Education, Music Committee, Ward Teachers, and Other Agencies of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints

yoiVL QsmbmniaL "The Voice of the Church' yAA.UJL

ere is your Centennial issue. JULY 1947 f*i volume 50, NO. 7 v^^^^^^^rv^^ In it you will find many new features which we hope you will enjoy.

or the first time we are featur- Jke d*aitor'd J-^aae ing color on our editorial pages. The pictorial map was Centennial Heritage ...George Albert Smith 441 drawn especially for The Im- provement Era by Farrell Col- lett. Hal Rumel photographed L^entennlai ^jreatumd and colored the picture of the Salt Lake Temple grounds. The The First Presidency 422 A Centennial Message reproduction of the ruins of the How the Desert Was Tamed—Part VH—Conclusion Nauvoo Temple, used by per- 424 , John A, Widtsoe mission of the owners of the A Promise and Its Fulfilment Verl F. Scott 426 John F. Bennett collection, was Science Confirms the Word ol Wisdom Harold L. Snow. 430 adapted by Mr. Rumel. Brig- Ten Decades of Church Welfare Harold Lundstrom 432 ham Young's portrait is reproduced from an oil painting One Hundred Years of Scouting S. Dilworth Young 434 by John W. Clawson. Westward with the Saints, Journal of Horace K* Whitney—Con- clusion 436 Realizing that this is a A Salute to the Utah Pioneers Rt. Rev. Arthur W. Moulton 437 Churchwide Centennial even Our Strength and Guidance Arnold D. White 438 though the spotlight is focused Utah, we are presenting The Spoken Word from Temple Square Richard L. Evans 442 on herein articles of Churchwide Level of the Latter-day Saints The Educational interest. How do Latter-day 444 John A. Widtsoe and Richard L, Evans Saints stand educationally, phys- Mountain Waters: Our Heritage and Obligation ically, morally, and spiritually George Stewart 44S after these one hundred years? Woman's Place in the Forward March of the Church What forces have been at work Marba C. Josephson 452 to enable us to reach and maintain these high standings? These Marriage and the Latter-day Saint Family Roy A. West 456 are two of the many questions Colored Illustration! The Great Salt Lake Temple 457 we are attempting to answer for of the Pioneers Farrell Collect 458 Colored Mapt Route Mormon you in this, your Centennial 460 Colored Illustration: Nauvoo Temple Ruins issue. A Century of Sacred Service Archibald F. Bennett 461 The Mormons and the Building of the West Milton R. Hunter 464 Exploring the Universe, Franklin Melchizedek Priesthood _ 468 COLORED INSERT AVAILABLE S. Harris, Jr 451 No-Liquor-Tobacco Column 469 The Church Moves On a Hun- The Presiding Bishop's Page 472 Copies of the four-page, four- dred Years Ago, Albert L. Zo- Homing: Cook's Corner, Joseph- color insert appearing in 474 bell, Jr _ 451 ine B. Nichols this issue can be obtained from Dear Gleaner, Dessie G. Boyle 455 Your Page and Ours 497 The Improvement Era at a cost of only 15c postpaid.

(L-ditoriald Retold Story Richard L. Evans 440 Brigham Young, Nobleman Harold Lundstrom 440 Editors George Albert Smith John A. Widtsoe Storied, f-^oetry Managing Editor Richard L. Evans Hole in the Rock—Chapter VII Anna Prince Redd 428 Assistant Managing Editor Doyle L. Green Frontispiece: Deseret (From Ode Tribute, Mabel J. Gabbott -..427 Associate Editor to Deseret) Jon Beck Shank 421 Recipe, Georgia Moore Eberling..467 Marba C. Josephson Salt Lake Valley, Ruth May Fox..425 Poetry Page - 476 General Manager George Q. Morris cimrtr*v n R C, U H H Associate Manager Executive and Editorial Offices Lucy G. Cannon 50 North Main Street, Salt Lake City 1, Utah. Business Manager Copyright 1947 by Mutual Funds, Inc., a Corporation of the Young Men's Mutual Improvement Association of the Church of John D. Giles Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. All rights reserved. Subscrip- Editorial Associates tion price, $2.00 a year, in advance; 20c single copy. Elizabeth J. Moffitt Special Centennial Issue, 50c. Albert L. Zobell, Jr. Entered at the Post Office, Salt Lake City, Utah, as second-class matter. Acceptance for mailing at special rate of postage pro- Harold Lundstrom Act of October 1917, authorized July vided for in section 1103, National Advertising Representatives 2, 1918. The Improvement Era is not responsible for unsolicited manu- Edward S. Townsend, scripts, but welcomes contributions. Son Francisco and Los Angeles All manuscripts must be accompanied by sufficient postage lor delivery and return. Dougan and Bolle, Change of Address Chicago and New York Fifteen days' notice required for change of address. When ordering a change, please include address slip from a recent issue of the magazine. Address changes cannot Member, Audit Bureau of Circulation! be made unless the old address as well as the new one is included. 420 THE IMPROVEMENT ERA (FRO^ BJ iM B By a on m extended

S « ta *»• T*f '-S**" eeven* the ' , , , .l. va»eYvalley Under , . *Up v L U " *e d . . «.„c invaded

ot Over b* „ „e* ."" „"«.M •«*

* app hands Sin9«"9. w to be beir r Hun9 ° 'u^s, h^d,n9 ^^ cloud, . UWe bl0Ck VigW

» rB a » *mtew.te birds,» koececotnes But d seTt mUSlC

.Montage M

»s»«:*#S#Bs!S8»*ts*- JJSmiifiiiM

K^S^S Centennial Message

N July 24, 1947, it will be one significant, misjudged, and impotent hundred years since the first group of as did the Pioneers when they faced Utah Pioneers entered Salt Lake Val- the barren wastes bordering the great ley, designated by their inspired lead- inland sea, but in less than a century er, President Brigham Young, as "the sterile soil was changed to productiv- right place." ity; thriving fields and orchards sup- That little band of weary-worn trav- planted sagebrush and sego roots; elers gazed upon a barren landscape cities and towns formed a western com- so uninviting and desolate that one of monwealth. So may people declining the three women in the company out toward godlessness be led toward a of sheer disappointment and hopeless- nobler civilization, for there is inherent ness broke down and wept. Truly to in the restored gospel the greatest

her, and to others of the company, it spiritualizing power ever revealed to must have seemed impossible that in man. To be true to our heritage, we such a desert place could be fulfilled must face, with fortitude and unflinch- the prophecy of their first great leader, ing courage, the great duty that is ours Joseph Smith, that the Saints "would —the spiritual rejuvenation of man- become a mighty people in the midst kind. of the Rocky Mountains." To participate in a century celebra- The Centennial year sees that proph- tion is an event of a lifetime. No one ecy fulfilled. Brigham Young said: can look, however imperfectly, upon

God has shown me, that this is the spot to locate the aspirations and accomplishments his people, and here is where they will prosper; he of the men and women who founded will temper the elements to the good of the Saints; will he rebuke the frost and the sterility of the soil, this Western Empire without being and the land shall become fruitful, . . . and we shall profited thereby. They are "flowing build a city and a temple to the most high God in this place. light-fountains of native, original insight, of heroic As that small group of Pioneers manhood and noble- ness; in whose radiance all souls feel looked upon what appeared to be a sterile desert, so today the Church that it is well with them." faces a world lying in moral lethargy In pageantry, drama, music, sculp- and spiritual decline. A sense of re- ture, recreation, and literature, literally sponsibility to build up the kingdom thousands of capable men and women of God inspired the founders of the in these various fields of art are put- Church, and with pride we look in ting, forth their best efforts fittingly to retrospect upon achievements wrought. commemorate the sacrifices, heroism, That same sense of responsibility and achievements of the Pioneers who should be and is in the Church today. built so well for the generations to fol- "If Mormonism is able to endure un- low them. modified until it reaches the third and That which made the Utah Pioneers fourth generation," said Count Leo Tol- truly worthy of the homage now paid stoy, "it is destined to become the them, and which will enhance their greatest power the world has ever greatness in future years, is not the known." With that same faith and in- mere fact that they endured persecu- vincible resolution manifested by the tion, suffered privations, subsisted in Pioneers a century ago must the a wilderness, and that the vanguard Church face the re-spiritualizing of a made a thousand-mile journey across spiritually decadent world. In this gi- the plains without a death or even a gantic task this people may seem as in- serious mishap—achievements, it is

422 THE IMPROVEMENT ERA —

rom the ^jrlfdt f-^redichpeSidenaf

true, worthy the praises of posterity Reverence, frugality, industry, and a but what made them truly great is the willingness to serve their fellow men fact that no matter how intense their were ideals taught and practised in suffering, or how dark their forebod- the daily lives of the Pioneers. ings, they ever cherished as beacon Ours is a rich heritage. The wealth lights unchanging truths fundamental inherited must neither be buried nor to human peace and progress. squandered, but should be handed First and foremost was their unwa- down to posterity with a tenfold in- vering faith in the existence and near- crease. ness of God their Father and his Son Only they who are specially trained Jesus Christ. Every day of that toil- or gifted can produce the best in his- some journey was begun by prayerful trionic art, literature, pageantry, song, devotion. "At five o'clock in the morn- or athletic contests, and we are in- ing," said the instructions, "the bugle formed that what is now being pre- is to be sounded as a signal for every sented throughout the state in these man to arise and attend prayers be- fields of endeavor merit the highest fore he leaves his wagon." To foster commendation. State officials, the reverence is to develop in man his state legislature, Church and civic or- noblest virtue. ganizations are all unitedly desirous To be prepared for any eventuality that only the best can adequately pay was a second fundamental require- tribute to those who in, deprivation suf- ment. Theirs was physical danger, fered uncomplainingly that others and "every man must carry his loaded might live in joy and comfort. Most gun or else have it in his wagon where surely even the best is inadequate to he can seize it at a moment's notice." do them honor. "Wagons must be kept together and While committees and participants not separate." After arriving in the are striving for the highest in artistry, valley, adobe "forts" and stockades let us ever keep in mind that the most were built as precautionary measures. worthy element in this Centennial will The youth today face enemies also be a manifest desire on the part of their •—false ideologies and immoral prac- descendants to emulate the virtues tices "glossed over" and "seasoned and spiritual aspirations that made the with a text." Sound preparation to Pioneers worthy the tributes that the meet these enemies is as imperative country now pays them. Only by ad- now as when the Pioneers moved to- herence to these can a people or a ward desert, wild animals, and stealth- nation become great, and the destiny ily skulking Indians. of the Church be fulfilled.

**J^*„j2lj*A^jt

f f 7 The First Presidency

JULY 1947 ——

CENTENNIAL

:**• ^r4ow the

I Ear' n DESERT WAS TAMED /"

& <=»Z)/*. /John —/v. lA/idtdoe OF THE COUNCIL OF THE TWELVE

Part VII Conclusion The fine arts The practical arts Chapter 12 Through Field 3. Co-operation Glasses One for all; all for one Helping one another practices employed by the The The small village pioneers in subduing the desert Self-government are easily perceived. They 4. Industry well known. Only were simple and Dignity of labor conquest was new. their use in desert Thrift are ex- When these practices Self-support fall into four distinct amined, they Home industry groups. Each group in turn is domi- nated by a general principle of ac- These well-known principles ap- tion. Like the practices themselves, pear very simple, but they are of these principles were not new. Yet, universal meaning and import, un-

it was these principles that gave life changing, and of value at all times to pioneer undertakings, and brought and everywhere, under any and all ultimate success in the subjugation conditions. By them, most spiritual, of the desert. They are principles social, and economic problems may which will condition, by their use, be solved. History in other lands, the future of the world. under different conditions, shows The pioneers conquered because that wherever these principles have they referred every proposed at- been employed, even in small de- tempt to these principles, which grees, human welfare has been pro- formed measuring sticks in the pio- moted. neer work. Had the pioneers done otherwise, they would have failed HPhe pioneers conquered the desert. *-* despite their best efforts. That meant that they overcame These four determining princi- obstacles. Despite aridity crops ples were: were produced. Despite distance

1. Faith; 2. Education; 3. Co-op- from civilization, the comforts of life eration; and 4. Industry. were made available. On the desert They were the essential bases of an acceptable commonwealth, made the program set up by the pioneers. up of diverse peoples, was built. The various characteristic pioneer In the sense of overcoming ob- ventures may be fitted into one or stacles there are deserts all around the other of these four fundamental, us, and ever will be. There are des- general principles. For example: erts of thought and action, in every human concern; of body, mind, or

1. Faith spirit; economic, social, or religious. Belief in God Everywhere, obstacles arise to de- Belief in Man feat our search for happiness. Only A common purpose as they are overcome does the con- Courage to apply faith in all quest of any desert become certain. works The message of the pioneers is 2. Education that the use of the principles of ac- Intelligent preparedness tion, employed by them, will bring Schools victory over every threatening ob- 424 THE IMPROVEMENT ERA :

HOW THE DESERT WAS TAMED

stacle, however insurmountable it the problems of life. They must be must not merely be viewed as the may appear to be. Their use will practical. Man has hands as well as protection of a group against all compel every desert to "blossom as a head. The spiritual life must be other groups. Co-operation must be the rose." That is the legacy of the added to the curriculum, by some conceived as the practical expression pioneers to the present time, and to lawful means. That means religious of the brotherhood of man. the sleeping future ages. education, the cultivation of faith in "Self-government is indispensable the minds and hearts of children. for full co-operation. Through the Were the pioneer here today, he "Do not forget that the arts deal- eyes of many, the needs of the hosts

would say: ing with beauty, have a rightful ' of men are best seen. Through par-

"You must have faith, for upon it place in education for life and in life ticipation in the affairs of all, the alone can happiness of individual, itself. Men must feel as well as rights of all are best conserved." family, or state be built safely and think. The pioneer would not forget in- permanently. "All of life should be a process of dustry: "That faith must begin with belief education." "If you would conquer your des- in a Living God, personal and un- The pioneer would have more to ert, labor must be held in dignity, derstandable to the human mind. It say: whether it be of the head or the continue through must constant con- "Get busy and rearrange your hand. Men must be industrious; and tact with him in prayer. There must unremitting. governmental, economic, and social their industry must be be such love for him, that at any cost system under the law of brother- The idler should be held in contempt. his commandments will be obeyed. hood. Learn to share with one an- "Out of labor applied to the gifts "That faith must recognize that other. Provide help for all in dis- of nature, comes wealth and all of all men are children of God; there- tress; remember how the small vil- a material nature, that man needs or fore human brotherhood must rule lage helped to make desert conquest desires. Though a man by his own in the associations of men and wom- possible. Your future must be built industry wins wealth, however small, en. Every venture must serve the on cooperation in a large sense. It he must care for it. He must be good of all. By so doing, the hosts thrifty. There must be no waste." of humankind in their endeavors will "It must also be remembered," be in partnership with God. That SALT LAKE VALLEY the pioneer would say, "that the will give a common purpose to all, dignity of man requires that he shall such as gave strength and joy to the By Ruth May Fox be self-supporting. There must be pioneers. That faith must be woven no leaning on others for the neces- into every act of life. It must be an lovely Salt Lake Valley! Once desolate and drear, sities of life, if health prevails. In everyday faith. Now noted for its beauty, your social and political planning "Such nearness to God; such a Its friendliness and cheer; that must be remembered. conception of brotherhood; such a With spacious habitations Set round by lofty trees "All this requires provision for conviction of a divine pur- common, Whose branches wave a welcome employment for all. That can best pose of humanity, will give courage With every passing breeze. be achieved by the attempt to have to face daily tasks, even to setting O lovely Salt Lake Valley! each community produce as many as aside or changing old beliefs, meth- Here came the pioneers, possible of its needs. That means ods, and interpretations. Weary and worn, but girded fears. many small centers of industry. That "Such a faith rises above intoned With faith that vanquished They rent the air with praises means provision for industries that prayers. It rests in the hearts of For the blessings they had won may be pursued in the home, in spare men. It brings success to the toilers And for their mighty leader, prophet Brigham Young. hours, old and young, and often in the desert." The by by the infirm." The pioneer would continue O lovely Salt Lake Valley! Reserved by God's own hands, "There is nothing complex in "You must learn, for truth is A refuge for his people this," the pioneer would add. And bound up with knowledge. There Gathered from many lands. he might taunt us by saying, "Stop can be no intelligent preparation for They came to serve their Maker; Obedience to his sway your quibbling and quarreling. Be the conquest of any desert, unless Already was forecasting men! Read the lessons of the pio- the planner knows. Your social sys- A better, brighter day. neers. Accept them, and peace and tem must be so organized that learn- O lovely Salt Lake Valley! prosperity will soon reign on earth!" ing accompanies all that man does, shalt write your story? Who * * * from childhood to old age. That Not by a magician's wand means learning long after school Came your present glory. As the field glasses are turned to- Courage, faith, and fortitude, days are over. the state- tomorrow, the days Remember Dread hunger, children's tears, ward and many ments that gave educational cour- Work, hard work, O valley fair, of the future, there are seen, as if age to the pioneers: "The glory of These marked your growing years. written in the sky: God is intelligence,' and 'Man is O lovely Salt Lake Valley! Faith Go-operation saved no faster than he gets knowl- One hundred years have passed; The pioneers of '47 Education Industry edge,' and 'No man can be saved in Have laid aside their task, ignorance.' An honor to their country, Accept and use these principles, An honor to their God, "Schools must rise above out- and peace and prosperity will rule O blessed be the valley worn traditions. They must touch Whereon their feet have trod! the world, and only then. JULY 1947 425 the normal advances made by medical science has had an effect upon A PROMISE the health life of the Latter-day- Saints. It means that the promise given in the Word of Wisdom has aJih FULFILMENT been fulfilled to the extent to which it has been lived.

TABLE I Dm Uert Jjr. J^coit v (Death rates of U.S., Utah, and the Latter- SECRETARY OF GENERAL CHURCH INFORMATION day Saints from 1900 to 1944.)

AND STATISTICS COMMITTEE U. S. Death Utah Death L.D.S. Death Rate* Rate\ Ratet

1900 ...... 17.2 11.1

saints And all who remember to keep and all of whom were, of course, Mor- 1910 .14.7 10.8 9.0 do these sayings, walking in obedience to the mons. 1920 13.0 11.5 9.0 commandments, shall receive health in their navel and marrow to their bones; The Saints were still reaping the 1930 11.3 9.9 7.6 And shall find wisdom and great treasures effects of privation, exposure, hun- 1940 10.8 8.9 6.5 of knowledge, even hidden treasures; ger, and disease which accompanied 1944 10.6$ 7.6% 6.4 And shall run and not be weary, and shall their hurried exodus from the East. walk and not faint. ... This was indicated by the high death *Vital Statistics Rates in United And I, the Lord, give unto them a prom- States. 1900-1940. pp. 122. 123 ise, that the destroying angel shall pass by rate reported by them for the year fPresiding Bishop's office ^Statistical Abstract United them, as the children of Israel, and not slay of June 1, 1849, to June 1, 1850. of States, 1946, p. 76 them (D. & C. 89:18-21.) Some 239 deaths were recorded during that period which produced a Causes of Death promise, this — obtained death rate of 21.0 a thousand popu- Nofrom a genie by rubbing a lation. The United States, as a T is interesting to note how the ma- magic lamp, no promise from I whole, reported a death rate for the jor causes of death have changed a fairy godmother and good only same period of 13.9 a thousand of since early Utah history. In 1870 until midnight, but a promise given 9 population. the major cause of death was diges- to Latter-day Saints by the Lord the tive By 1 860, when the eighth census diseases, followed by respiratory over a century ago, and good for the was taken, the situation had become diseases (pneumonia, etc.), diseases entirety of a mortal life—condi- considerably better, and the popula- of the nervous system, and tuber- tioned only upon obedience to simple tion had grown to 40,273, with the culosis in that order/ Today's major ( though then, not completely ac- death rate declining to 9.3 a thou- causes of death, circulatory diseases cepted or known ) rules of health. sand as compared with the national ( heart ) and cancer, were minor ones In this Centennial year, we find 8 rate of 12.5. at that time. In Utah for that year, occasion to pause and take stock of there were only three Thereafter, and until the turn of deaths from our progress in the one hundred cancer and twenty the century, the death rate for Utah from heart dis- years since the first of the Pioneers ease out of a total remained consistently below that of of nearly nine entered the desert valley of the hundred deaths. the nation. In 1 900 the Church be- Great Salt Lake, a hundred years in gan to keep accurate vital statistics Reliable statistics recently gath- which to test the very genes con- of its own, separate and apart from ered indicate a remarkable difference tained in the fruit produced by the the state of Utah. The data in in deaths from the major causes gospel tree which they and their Table I indicate the death rates among the Latter-day Saints, the descendants have seen grow and how for the Latter-day Saints compare United States, and the average of prosper and spread throughout the with those for the United States and six nations—Germany, 'France, the world; a hundred years in which to the state of Utah as a whole, from Netherlands, Sweden, Great Britain, compare actual results of at least 1900 to 1944. These are the latest and the United States. partially living the Word of Wis- available statistical figures for the Surely a great dom with the promise given of the portion of the credit United States. for the lower death Lord for such observance. rates among the Latter-day Have the Latter-day Saints as a The 1946 death rate for the Saints must be attributed to the effects group reaped the promised bless- Church, reported by the Presiding of living this "higher law of health" over ings? The information which fol- Bishop's office in the April 1947 gen- a period of time. conference, lows may help tell the story. eral was 5.9 deaths a thousand stake-enrolled membership Selective Service Findings Tn 1850 Utah was still a territory of the Church. This rate is one of

but was included in the seventh the lowest in Church history and is World War II provided still an- census of the United States taken in probably lower than any ever re- other opportunity for comparison of that year. The census revealed that ported by a group of people of the health conditions among the Latter- 1 there were some 11.380 people in same number anywhere in the world. day Saints and others in the nation. the territory at that time, practically It means that something other than When the final tabulations of selec-

'Compendium of the Seventh United States Census, nud.. p. 102 1850. p. 332 aNinth United States Census, vol. 2, pp. 532. 533 Winth United States Census, 1870 426 THE IMPROVEMENT ERA )

A PROMISE AND ITS FULFILMENT tive service activities in the state of as compared with 20.0 for the United 10.8 a thousand births respectively.

Utah were completed and compared States for 1 945 ( latest figures avail- The rate of illegitimacy for the 8 with those of other states, it was able), or better than half again as United States is 40.4 a thousand. found that Utah's rate of rejection high. The latest rate available for the av- of men examined for duty in the The excess of births over deaths erage of twenty-two civilized nations armed forces was second low in the among the Latter-day Saints for of the world is seventy- four a thou- nation. (Latter-day Saints com- 1946 was almost twenty-eight a sand births. These figures give ad- prised about 74.0 percent of the state thousand as compared with ten for ditional proof of the high degree of population in 1945.) Some 23.1 per- the United States and seven for the morality among our people. cent of the men examined in Utah six nations previously mentioned, or Insanity is low among the Latter-day were rejected as compared with the about three and four times as great Saints—about one-half of the average of the lowest, 23.0 percent for the state of respectively. 9 people among whom they live. New Jersey. The average for the A high standard of morality also Latter-day Saints alone would un- serves as an indicator of a healthy Other Observations doubtedly have been still lower. The people. The marriage rate for the T-Iigh mentality and accomplish- average for the nation was 30.2 per- Church is high, and the divorce rate ments in the fields of science and cent of those examined who were re- correspondingly low as compared technical training, excelled by no jected. 6 with the United States and other other people, are indicated in recent Utah supplied the highest per- civilized countries of the world. studies by eminent non-Mormon au- centage of young men fit for combat Latest compilations number mar- thorities. Government published fig- duty of all the states in the Union. riages at 21.9 a thousand population ures attest to the high educational This group included the men be- and divorces at 2.02 a thousand for achievements and backgrounds of tween the ages of eighteen and the Church, as compared with 12.26 our servicemen in World War II. twenty-five—the age group classed for marriages and 3.59 for divorces Other compilations cite the frequen- as "most desirable for combat duty" in the United States as a whole. 8 cy of achievement of native Utahns by the armed forces. Illegitimate birth rates in Utah and 10 in all lines of endeavor. In the field of athletics also, par-

TABLE II ticularly in the last few years, indi- (Deaths per 100,000 of white population from the following diseases: viduals and teams from Utah have succeeded in winning an enviable (1936)* (1944)+ (1946) Cause Six Nations United States Latter~day Saints reputation in the United States for their stamina and general all-around Tuberculosis 79.5 33.7 5.5 physical condition and excellence. Cancer _.. 137.5 138.9 60.0 Chaplains and religious leaders Diseases of the nervous system 117.6 103.7 58.5 throughout the United States and Diseases of the circulatory system 224.0 348.7 171.6 the world have lauded the spiritual Diseases of the respiratory system 118.8 56.3 48.5 stability and development of our Diseases of the digestive system 63.7 51.3 26.5 young people. These and many Kidney diseases 56.9 76.3 24.9 other accomplishments have been Infant mortality (first year of life, per recognized and praised in recent thousand live births) 51.6 39.8 11.7 years by thinking, impartial people Maternity (per thousand live births) 4.5 2.0 as they have had occasion to become * International Health Yearbook, 1936-1940 acquainted with the Latter-day \Vital Statistics of the United States, Part 2 Saints and their way of life.

Birth Rate Idaho, states of large Latter-day Conclusions Saint population, are the lowest in A further indication of a healthy us has come a rich heritage of the United States, being 10.4" and To people is their birth rate. The devotion to religious principles and Latter-day Saints have consistently adherence to the teachings of the maintained a birth rate of better than Lord, which has made possible our TRIBUTE thirty a thousand of population. development as a people. They By Mabel Jones Gabbott In twenty-five of the leading nations on . . . shall receive health. . . . of my people's weeping, earth, the birth rate, in 1927-28, was twenty- Out And shall find wisdom and great treasures Out of their desperate need, two per thousand population, or about two- of knowledge. . . . Out of my people's keeping thirds of the birth rate among Latter-day And shall run and not be weary, and shall Faith with their Christlike creed, Saints.7 walk and not faint. Blossomed the barren desert, And I, the Lord, give unto them a prom- of rest, Statistics for 1946 show that the Haven peace and ise, that the destroying angel shall pass by High in the mountain fastness, birth rate for the Latter-day Saints them, as the children of Israel and not slay Empire of the west. was 33.8 a thousand of population them. Amen. (D. & C. 89:18-21.) Out of my people's sorrow, 8 Vitat Statistics of the United States. Part 2, 1944. B Out of their pain and grief, State of Utah Selective Service Report, by Colonel p. xvi H. Arnold Rich Triumphs a bright tomorrow, 9Op. cit., p. 238 "Ibid. Born of their great belief. "•John A. Widtsoe and Richard L. Evans, "The 'John A. and Leah D. Widtsoe, The Word of Wis- Level of Education Among the Latter-day Saints," see dom, p. 236 page 444. JULY 1947 427 —

The Perkins brothers, Hyrum and Benjamin, looked at the crack with HOLE in tL ROCK more interest than awe. "Ben, here's a mine with the top blown off!" Hyrum said, and laid tnna r nnce f\edd his hand on his brother's shoulder.

"As stubborn a vein as any I ever saw, Hy!" Ben leaned over the crack SYNOPSIS the long, slow miles. As far as they to look down at the first drop. Tn 1879, President John Taylor called Silas could see, there was not a tree, not * Smith, Kumen Jones, and George Brig- "She'll need to be headed back by a scrawny shrub to cheer the way. ham Hobbs, as president, Indian interpreter, at least three hundred feet!" and chief scout for a new mission into The rocks were blown so clear of "And filled up from the bottom, southern Utah, together with settlers from sand that not a cupful remained. Cedar City, Parowan, and Paragoonah. Ben. I don't feel so lonesome as I The way had been charted when the advent For seven days the wagons had did." Hyrum turned to look at Silas. of Bishop Andrew Schow and James Collett crawled over giant sugar loaf forma- Escalante route seem advis- "Once we- sink our picks and some of made a new tions, had hugged narrow slanting able to many of the group. Reaching Forty dynamite into this, President Smith, Mile Spring, a rude encampment was estab- ledges, precariously out of balance. Ben and me will be right at home," lished and scouts selected to push ahead and They had slid into deep and rock seek the best route, Kumen Jones, George he said. splintered ravines and pulled out of Lewis, and William Hutchings were se- "I'm afraid it will be mostly picks, lected to go as scouts under George Hobbs' them again by doubling teams to Brother Perkins," Silas answered, leadership. Their report was disheartening, eight or more horses or oxen. Be- even George Hobbs stating that the country "with plenty of elbow grease hind the wagons came the stock, a thrown was formidable, although he thought they in. We have precious little dy- could get through. A second and a third long, dark, uneven line. scouting trip proved fruitless in finding a namite!" There was no genial talk; there way to the river. A fourth trip with addi- Their talk broke the spell of sil- tional scouts penetrated into the desolate were no happy snatches of song. ence that had fallen at sight of the region only to find that the river was There was only stoic endurance. hemmed in by towering, perpendicular crack, and a few of the women cliffs Nature, never more careless of the that defied descent. Added to the difficulties edged over to hear what was being of the mission was the spirit of rebellion needs of man, stood in their way. said. followed, clutching their that had crept among some the Men of members. Against her impassive force it seem- And the plight was desperate for the little children's hands, chafing them to ed useless to struggle. They could group, since food and water were at a restore circulation. minimum— with little chance of getting merely go on—-two miles to each more until they could win "There'll be no road down that through the in- long day—coming at last to the tervening desolation. crack in time for me," Ann Decker Colorado. Chapter VII said grimly. "Time and tide wait for Heedless of cold and hunger, men, no man—and babies don't, either!" women, and children left the wagons The way from Fifty Mile Spring James B. Decker, Ann's quiet, six- to the Hole in the Rock was and stood looking down at the long foot husband, drew her back into the marked by neither road nor crack in the ledge above the river protection of his arm, away from the trail but by a devious pattern of a writhing, incredibly narrow crack ledge and back to the shelter of their scratches and nicks etched upon the down which they must drive if they wagon. measureless sandstone floor. Where were ever to cross the river and go Mary's heart contracted with pity. the rocks were too smooth and steep on to San Juan. They had had their And suddenly she felt the same for footing, the road crews had cut doubts. They had expected trouble, frightened sense of unworthiness shallow steps for hoof and wheel to and they had schooled themselves that she had felt the day of the quilt- cling to. against it. But they were totally un- ing, when Sage Treharne had greet- It was late in November. The sky prepared for the sight before them. ed her mother with the words: was low with clouds, and a cutting There was the river gliding endless- "Julia, do you know that Ann wind swept across the desert, north ly through its pleasant, narrow val- Decker's going to have a baby?" It from south, a wind so cold that the leys, two thousand feet below. There was the same frightened unworthi- stoutest pioneer clothes could not was the sheer wall of the other side ness that she had felt after the call twice keep it out. Huddled against it, the leaning toward them, seeming to this mission. Arabella was going teamsters shouldered their wagons as high as the wall on which they to have a baby, then, too. Mary re- around boulders, between ledges, stood. The unyielding terrain was membered how Arabella had prayed in and out of steep gullies. Children slashed and scarred by canyons that that her baby would be born at direc- were kept in bed from morning till came into the river from every home, and not in a wagon box be- night and grew numb from cold and tion. A few of these came gently in, side an endless trail. It was Ann inactivity, too uncomfortable to want but their peaceful ways seemed only Decker's baby that would be born to eat, for the food was cold and un- to heighten the menace of all the in a wagon box! Here! In this wind- palatable. There was no water, ex- rest. pierced desert! Here, without heat cept what was carried in the barrels, Addressing no one in particular, for its cold little body! filled last at Forty Mile Spring. And hoping only to break the spell of Young as she was, Mary was when at last they camped, there was astonishment that had taken speech frightened by the fierce protective- nothing at all to burn. from his people, Silas Smith said: ness she felt for Ann Decker and her With dry and red-rimmed eyes, "After the first sheer drop of a hun- unborn child. She would see that the women watched the dreary plod- dred feet, the way is not too steep Ann's baby was kept warm if she ding of teams and stock, and counted for safe passage." had to scour the desert to its four

428 THE IMPROVEMENT ERA corners for something that would No sooner had the company burn! And, failing, she would burn reached the river, than a man was her last belonging for its need. lowered over the cliff with ropes, to The silent concern that the Per- explore the "crack." He reported kins brothers and Silas had tried to that the distance to the river was not dispel had deepened again at Ann more than three-fourths of a mile. Decker's words. Utterly miserable, (The pioneers ever after insisted

the people stood, braced against the that it must have been ten! ) He said wind and their own wavering faith. a way must be devised to build a "How about a quadrille, folks?" dugway against a perpendicular Henry Cox cried, grabbing his fiddle ledge, for a waterfall obstructed the from his wagon and commencing to way, tumbling from a large spring saw off a tune. that boiled from the rocks about "Best way in the world to warm half way down. The slope of the up!" Ben Perkins agreed. "Swing it, crack, he said, was eight feet to the folks. Swing it hard!" rod at the top, decreasing as the "Little ones first, forward and crack widened, becoming a fairly back. Old folks next, right to the level landing near the river's edge. crack!" cried Henry. He danced and "We'll begin work at once!" Silas played till his leather breeches cried. "We'll put forty men to work threatened to burst their seams; his widening the crack. Some will wiry sideburns blew in the wind, a work from the bottom up. Some ragged fringe above his violin. will work on the dugway—the "Young folks next, short or tall. Perkins brothers and Bishop Niel- Swing your partner and circle all! son. Others will begin at the top, Swing your lady by the arm, swing piling their waste rock into the first her hard till the blood gets warm!" drop." It was the old device, a challenge Kumen Jones, standing near the to their courage and their faith. If crack, looked into the distance. Henry Cox could play, they could Southeast from where he stood dance—dance until by their grinding loomed the mysteriously beautiful, feet they wore a road to the river. strangely isolated Navajo Moun- Laughter and song floated out over tain. Situated, as he knew from his the desert, out on the wind to the first scouting attempt with Hobbs, river. If voices broke, choked by Hutchings, and Lewis, near the junc- emotion, their efforts at gaiety were tion of the San Juan and the Colo- redoubled. Limbs, numb from cold rado, it rose abruptly almost from and cramped positions, became nim- the river itself, towering in lonely ble. And courage came to their grandeur. hearts, like water to a new, clean Was this the country of his ditch. dream? This wild new country that defied approach? This unsettled /"Ynly a part of the company had region with its many tribes of In- been moved to the Hole in the dians? He stood, as in his dream, Rock. The rest remained at the wondering at the blueness and the Forty and Fifty Mile camps. Having brightness of the sky, and an assur- divided the company into ten small- ance that seemed prophetic took er companies, captained by far- possession of him. Yet between him sighted and courageous men, Silas and the region of his dream lay this made each captain responsible for devil crack, waiting since time, to be the welfare of his own group. They subdued. were to spread out as much as was He turned to Silas, and there was safe, in order to conserve their re- a whimsical lift to his lips. "Cap- sources. Grass had diminished with tain," he said, "since this first drop every mile of travel, until now there is a mere one hundred feet, we was none at all. Teams, already should be able to leap down it in the very poor, were driven as far as ten morning and spring back up at miles from camp to be pastured. night!" Game was scarce, and food was low. Silas looked at Kumen. "We have There was almost no water, and fuel ropes, you know. I don't understand was more scarce than water. All the your jest" shad scale that the boys could tie in Instantly Kumen was sober. The —Photograph bg Sullivan C. Richardson bundles and drag home at the end of prophetic spell of his dream faded NEARING HOLE IN THE ROCK the day gave but a half hour of before the reality of the problem of doubtful heat at each camp. (Continued on page 493) JULY 1947 429 .

Sccience L^onn,irms tL WORD

7T rmed with spirituality and a A-\ divinely endowed knowledge is LI * * of how to live, the Pioneers entered Great Salt Lake Valley one hundred years ago. This divine knowledge was called the Word of Wisdom and is found in section eighty-nine of the Doctrine and Covenants. The revelation was then but a little over fourteen years old. It was destined to give Latter-day Saints a full century's head start over the rest of the world in the art of better living. In it we are advised to:

1 Avoid alcohol, tobacco, and hot drinks 2. Eat meat sparingly, none in hot weather 3. Eat wheat and other grains, fruits, and vegetables with "prudence and thanksgiving" Grim evidence of tobacco's toxic Rewards for following this advice properties was reflected in an ac- were to include: count of last year's causes of death 20 1. Health among American physicians. It was 2. Wisdom shown that over eighty-five percent 3. Knowledge of the doctors' own deaths last year 4. Hidden treasures of knowledge resulted from five serious diseases. 5. Physical endurance All five of these diseases are believed 6. Protection from the "destroy- to be predisposed to by the use of ing angel" tobacco. They include heart disease, arterial disease, cancer, cirrhosis of This "destroying angel" works the liver, and peptic ulcer. with much success today and reaps a Let us consider what science has toll of millions of lives annually from discovered about tobacco. cancer, heart disease, insanity, tuber- Cancer of the mouth, lips, tongue, culosis, arthritis, high blood pres- throat, esophagus, larynx, stomach, sure, infections, nephritis, peptic ul- and duodenum may result from the computed statistics 8 M comparing cer, diabetes, blood, bone, liver, and use of tobacco. " " deaths of nonsmokers with those of many other diseases. Smokers have more colds, longer heavy smokers. He studied the num- Modern books on biochemistry, lasting colds, more frequent sinus ber of both groups living at the age toxicology, nutrition, hygiene, and involvement, and more chronic of thirty and the number still liv- medicine give evidence proving those pharyngitis accompanied by cough ing at the age of sixty. Forty-three simple truths revealed by the Lord than nonsmokers.81 These lay the percent more nonsmokers than heavy to the Prophet Joseph Smith on Feb- groundwork for other more serious smokers were alive at the age of six- ruary 27, 1833. diseases. ty. Tobacco smoking is one of the Premature aging, especially of HThere are now three hundred per- causes of angina pectoris. This is a women and girls, results from the cent more cigarets smoked an- resulting in heart pain disease severe 5 use of cigarets.* nually than there were in 1932. Mil- associated with changes in the ar- lions have been added to the ranks teries of the heart. It can be quite Blindness of the central fields of of the chain smokers; cigaret smok- easily detected by the use of the vision of both eyes may result from 7 1 ing doubled during World War II. electrocardiograph. Many patients the use of tobacco. If the habit is Medical doctors should do much with coronary thrombosis, heart not discontinued by a person with more than they do to discourage the muscle injuries, and heart vessel this type of optic nerve poisoning, use of tobacco. But many of the doc- spasms have improved suddenly total loss of sight may result.* tors themselves are heavy smokers, when nicotine was withheld." Many additional diseases and probably over eighty-five percent of The late Professor Raymond symptoms of tobacco poisoning them. Pearl of Johns Hopkins University could be added.

430 THE IMPROVEMENT ERA , )

References to more than one hundred authors on the subject of coffee M OF WISDOM are quoted by R. R. Irvin who con- cludes that:

1. Caffeine will insidiously injure /Ou ^Aramid <=JLl S,now. \3x the body, especially the nervous system. BISHOP, SAN PEDRO WARD, LONG BEACH STAKE 2. The nervous person is the most apt to be injured and is the very type most likely to overindulge in caffeine of says to- the The Word Wisdom Chinese have widespread occur- drinks. 29 bacco is to be used "... for bruises rence of cancer of the esophagus. 3. Caffeine is bad for children. and all sick cattle." Today's veteri- Tea and coffee, either hot or cold, (Today children get it in the cola nary surgeons learn that "an infu- have been officially included as drinks. sion of tobacco leaves" is advisable harmful, for good reason, in the 4. Older people especially should for killing parasites in domestic ani- Word of Wisdom. Both contain caf- 2* avoid coffee and tea. mals. feine, as do also the various cola drinks. Caffeine is a stimulating, 5. Coffee stimulates the kidneys, "VTow let us consider what science habit-forming alkaloid upon which produces insomnia and nervousness, 2* has discovered about alcohol. many people become dependent. and insidiously but dangerously stimulates the heart and blood ves- To begin with, the reproductive Caffeine drinks cover up a per- 2* sels. cells of the body are damaged or son's need for rest and are badly destroyed by the selective action of misused as a substitute for food, Chocolate, one of our present-day especially when one is in a hurry. alcohol.* 12 "hot drinks," is an allergic food. Its Caffeine may affect the heart, both Insanity is one of the most depress- use results in widespread discomfort by its direct effect upon the heart ing results of alcoholism." About one allergic people, usually muscle and upon the nerves of the in many out of five cases of insanity results heart. 88 without the patient's knowing the from the use of alcohol. Each year the trouble. It causes bilious Caffeine beverages stimulate gas- cause of of patients enter in- 87 thousands new attacks," has a high purine content 3 tric secretion, predisposing to stom- sane asylums because of its use. 30 contains ach ulcer. which is unhealthful, and Besides injuring the brain cells, al- which is irritating to the The intelligent person should theobromine cohol damages and induces disease 86 realize that the "extra power and kidneys. of the arteries of the brain and other energy" promised the consumer of parts of the body. ". caffeine drinks are not supplied by Aur 1833 revelation advises . . Death from automobile accidents the beverage. This power and en- every fruit in the season thereof; is on the rapid increase due to drunk- ergy is taken from the person's all these to be used with prudence." en driving. So is the death rate from 110 own physiological reserve. (Concluded on page 467) many diseases predisposed to by alcohol. These include cancer, cirrhosis of the liver, peptic ulcer, arterial and kidney disease, and hardening of the arteries. REFERENCES

Alcoholics must pay a higher in- 1. Birk and Huber, "Angina Pectoris and To- 20. Journal of the American Medical Associa- bacco tion, editorial, January 11, 1947. 2 Smoking," Wisconsin Medical Journal, surance rate than nonalcoholics. September 1939. 21. Jutte, Max Ernest, You Must Eat Meat, 2. Bogen and Hisey, What About Alcohol, 1936. The death rate per unit of popula- 1934. 22. Lander, Veterinary Toxicology, third edi- 3. Cantor, Alfred J., Cancer Can Be Cured. tion, 1945. tion is increased even by the mod- 1946. 23. Levy, Robert L., "Coffee as a Cause of 8 4. Cecil, Russell L., A Textbook of Medicine. Cardiac Pain," Annals of Internal Medicine. erate use of alcoholic beverages. fourth edition, 1937. November 1937. 5. Chidester. F. A., Nutrition and Glands in 24. Meredith, Florence L., Hygiene, fourth The Word of Wisdom suggests Relation to Cancer, 1944. edition, 1946. 6. Church and Peterson, Nervous and Mental 25. Morrison, F. B., Feeds and Feeding, the use of alcohol "for the washing Diseases, ninth edition, 1925. seventh edition, 1937, 7. Duke-Elder, Textbook of Ophthalmology 26. Oberling, Charles, The Riddle of Cancer. of your bodies." This is confirmed vol. 3, 1941. 1943. 8. Fisher and Fiske, How to Live, 1929. 27. Page, Melvin E., Young Minds with Old by science. Alcohol is one of the 9. Furnass, C. C, and Furnass, S. M., Man, Bodies. 1944. 28 best antiseptics for the skin. Alco- Bread, and Destiny, 1937. 28. Pearl, Raymond, "Tobacco Smoking and 10. Gilman, Alfred, Caffeine and Health. Longevity," Science, March 14, 1938. hol in fifty percent dilution is of Hygeia (October and November), 1935. 29. Pusey, W. A., Dermatology, fourth edi- 11. Goodman, Herman, Principles of Profes- tion, 1925. great importance as a modern-day sional Beauty Culture, 1938. 30. Roth, Ivy, and Atkinson. "Caffeine and n 12. Hansel, French K., Allergy of the Nose Peptic Ulcer," J.A.M.A., November 25, 1944. "cleanser of the skin." and Paranasal Sinuses, 1936. 31. Schwartz, H. F., Smoking and Tuber- 13. Hawkins, Harold F., Applied Nutrition. culosis, Neu> York State Journal of Medicine, second edition, 1947. July 15. 1945. 14. Henry, Carl, The True Story of Lady 32. Snow, Harold Lee, "Refined Sugar and I-Tot drinks are "not for the body." Nicotine, pamphlet, 1934. Chronic Disease" Medical Paper delivered be- 15. Hesse, Erick, Narcotics and Drug confirms the rev- Addic- fore Harbor Branch of Los Angeles County Science again tion, translated from German, 1946. Medical Society, September 1946. 16. Hoffman, Frederick L., Some Cancer Facts that drinks 33. Sherman, Henry C, Food Products, 1933. elation by showing hot and Fallacies, 1925. 34. Sherman, Henry C, Chemistry of Food 17. Huntington, Ellsworth, Principles of Hu- are one of the important causes of and Nutrition, seventh edition, 1946. man Geography, fifth edition, 1940. 35. Widtsoe, John A. and Leah D„ The cancer." Hot drinks predispose to 18. Irvin, Robert Roy, "Hygienic Aspects of Word Wisdom, 1937. Coffee," Medical Journal and Record, October 5, of 2* cancer of the esophagus and of the October 19, November 2, 1927. 36. Wile and Hand, "Cancer of the Lip," 8 19. Jacobs, Morris E., Chemistry and Tech- J.A.M.A.. January 30, 1937. stomach. Because of their drinking nology of Foods and Food Products, 1944. 37. Wohl, Michael G., Dietotherapy. 1945. of hot tea and their use of hot rice, 431 JULY 1947 —

Fifty years twice repeated have come and gone since the Pioneers began wresting a live-

lihood from the arid valleys } of the ^Jen cJ^Jecadiecade$ o\ They a CHURCH West. came equipped with spirit of self-independence, and with no expectancy of being assisted or Paught with the spirit of gather- had to be taken care of — fed, succored by anyone except them- ing, the unquenchable aspiration clothed, and sheltered. And so other selves—and the benevolence of the of all converts, many of the Saints branches of Church welfare were Lord. They knew they could suc- were too poor to travel to the West. developed. A Church farm of 8,000 ceed, with their own mind and might, But to the pioneer already in Zion, acres was surveyed south of Salt in keeping body and soul together. this was only another opportunity Lake City. A canal was dug; three The very afternoon they arrived, to demonstrate in action a concern gristmills and six sawmills were put with their few tools, they dammed for the welfare of his brethren. He into operation. This farm continued up one of the forks of City Creek, established the Perpetual Emigra- to operate until 1 889. Church farms in the locality where the modern tion Fund. Into this great fund he were also established in Arizona, buildings at Third South Street donated both cash and produce California, and Nevada. and State Street now stand, and the latter being converted into cash Nine times in the revelations of started irrigating and planting. by the directors of the fund. And the Lord to his people, as recorded Only the raw elements were there; from this fund he lent cash to in the Doctrine and Covenants, ref- they had to haul their own tools and those who were unable to raise suf- erence was made to the establish- their own seed in ox carts over a ficient money, no matter in what part ing and operation of a bishops' store- thousand miles of desert and moun- of the world they lived, to move to house. The Saints had their first ex- tains. Before the harvest season, they Utah. These loans were repaid by periences with storehouses in their had to locate sites and build mills, the borrowers as their prosperity in- communities in the East. In Salt millponds, millruns, and import burr- creased after they had established Lake City they founded their central stones. Few people have started with themselves in Zion. It has been esti- storehouse on the present location of less or worked against more diffi- mated that more than 85,000 were Hotel Utah. It was often referred cult odds. assisted in getting to the intermoun- to as the "tithing yard." The pio- But far and above their unexcelled tain west through the fund. neers' tithing was stored here; and heroism in providing a living for Not only money and produce were here the immigrants often stayed and themselves was their magnanimous contributed to aid in the cause, but were fed and housed until they were desire to share with everyone whom also hundreds of volunteer drivers, able to locate elsewhere. they believed to have less than they with outfits, each consisting of a had. Church records are replete with HPo facilitate the exchange of goods wagon and four yoke of oxen, were such notations as: and labor, a system of "scrip" sent back to the Mississippi River. inaugurated a of Two hundred and sixty-two wagons, 293 was as medium ex- A single trip took all summer. men, 2,880 oxen, and 143,315 pounds of change. This replaced a coupon and In 1880 there was $704,000 lent flour were sent from Utah to assist the poor due bill system previously main- in principal, and in their migration across the plains in May $900,000 due in tained. The scrip was in the same 1862. interest. Half of the total, or denomination as the silver and paper Three hundred and eighty-four wagons, $802,000, was canceled in anticipa- money of today. It payable in 488 men, 3,604 oxen, taking 235,969 pounds was tion that the fund could and would of flour, went east to assist the poor of the produce and meat at the bishops' 1 be liquidated. immigration in May 1863. storehouses. The welfare of their brethren was When the immigrant arrived, he Remunerative employment was ever their concern. Andrew Jenson, Church Chronology, pp. 67. 69 not always available for the im- 432 THE IMPROVEMENT ERA —

migrant who came into the valley. Pioneering Church welfare houses, we now have 105 store- So the pioneer leaders met that prob- branched off into experiments of houses accommodated in 141 build- lem by creating make-work projects. living the United Order. The idea ings with an asset value of $2,289,- Perhaps the most significant of these was not new with the Saints in the 408.00. These are stocked with every

projects was the wall around Tem- West; they had practised it to some necessity of life, and in many cases ple Square. Those who needed extent in Ohio and Missouri. With with items which would have been

sustenance were assigned to work the panic of 1 873 many communities undreamed-of luxuries to the pio- on the wall and were given their throughout the Territory put the neer. needs from the tithing yard across principle into practice. Many of the To produce the commodities to the street. original nineteen wards of Salt Lake stock these storehouses, there are The pioneer's concern for all men City had United Order organiza- now one hundred and sixty perma- was demonstrated in his establishing tions. Factories of many kinds were nent project properties throughout a Church farm for nonmembers who operated under this system. With the Church. Some of these include found themselves stranded in the President Brigham Young's death on vegetable, seed, and wheat farms, valley while on their way to the August 29, 1877, some branches orchards, a cotton plantation, California gold fields and other were dissolved, and over the next dairies, sewing centers, fish can- places. Because tithing was often twenty-five year period, the projects neries, soap factories, cattle, sheep, paid in livestock, it was necessary to were sold to private enterprise. and hog farms, and even a vitamin establish a Church stock ranch. It Thus was Church welfare and its pill producing plant. Food process- function of assisting those in need ing plants have reached proportions, ever a vital concern of both the too. The program has sixty-five can- early and the late pioneer. neries, four grain elevators, and one WELFARE flour mill. The spirit of sharing and dividing, as it was with the pioneers, is still <=U.unddtrom iSu ^Mafotd the motivating power of Church welfare. During the past year, 6,872 persons in seven European missions was located near Black Rock on the HPhe organized Church welfare were assisted with 14,924 packages south shore of Great Salt Lake, some plan of today has been built on of food and clothing (149,600 twenty miles west of the city. Always principles of revelation and inspira- pounds). In addition, twelve car- believers in the tenet that every- tion from the Lord, and on the prac- loads of clothing, and twenty-seven one should work for his keep, the tices and experiences of the founders carloads of bulk foodstuffs were pioneers decided to build a rock wall of the Mormon commonwealth. The sent. One wonders if the seed of around the ranch. Nonmembers current plan is not new; it is but a brotherhood—as given expression worked on this wall in exchange for continued growth of the original through organized Church welfare food and shelter for themselves and principles. Because of the size of the planted by the pioneers, was vision- their families until they were able to Church, a mighty welfare organiza- ed by them to grow to such heights. continue their travels, or as often tion has developed, and its power for happened, until they settled in the brotherhood and for good has been A retrospective review of ten dec- Church communities and found felt around the world. Where the ades of Church welfare exhibits a other types of employment. pioneer had but a few bishops' store - panorama of achievement and a century of brotherhood. But a high hill of work yet remains. Even to exist, the brethren in Europe need all the food, clothing, and bedding that can possibly be sent to them. Many here at home need to become more enthusiastic workers, and more willing to do their bit.

In this Centennial year, income is high, and employment is generally available. Should a period of un-

employment overtake the world, as it has a number of times in the past century, Church welfare would be called upon heavily to assist. As the pioneers met the challenge of helping those who were in need of aid and assistance, the members of the Church must continue to rally to the support of this inspired program of brotherhood, the Church

TOWERING GRAIN ELEVATORS AT WELFARE SQUARE IN SALT LAKE CITY welfare program. JULY 1947 433 Wagons creaked over Big Mountain in July 1847. Their rough-locked wheels ground KJvie J^TVividmd i/kears 0\ new marks into the Donner Party Trail, as they slid down into Moun- tain Dell. days later their Two first-hand account from the partici- ject of many a story by hoary- whitetops rose out of the brush of pants. headed grandparents as they sat Emigration Canyon, and the Pio- The final effect in the whole ex- around campfires with the grand- neers looked over the great flats of perience of pioneering the Church children, on an evening in the near- the Salt Lake Valley. That was one to the mountains was to develop a by hills. Children gulped and chilled hundred years ago. In the party of breed of men and women who went at the daring adventures—but each the original one hundred forty-eight through to the end—who didn't turn morning renewed the same problems souls were two boys, Lorenzo back; who could see starvation fac- of what to do with the leisure time of Sobieski and Isaac Perry Young ing them — death reducing their the youth of our more populated Decker. Thus, right in the begin- communities. Nineteen hundred ten ning, the need for work with boys saw still many a pioneer outpost, but the valley with the Pioneers. Oscar A. Kirkham, left, and John H. Toy/or, entered center, receive an early charter from Raymond Boys have always held high place 0. Hanson, regional Scout executive. in the hearts of the Latter-day Saints. It was a boy of Scout age who one day read the soul-stirring and action-inspiring words, "If any of you lack wisdom, let him ask of ." God. . . (James 1:5.) The act of God the Father and his Son Jesus Christ in manifesting themselves to a stripling youth has forever en- shrined with us the high place of boyhood in the Church. In those days of one hundred years ago the boy-gang problem did not exist. A camp on the move has no time for boy problems—indeed, there are no problems with busy

boys. Boys in 1 847 were busy. They did men's work; they spent men's hours. If they couldn't cut timber, they could drive oxen and horses, ride herd, and do numberless other tasks.

Vicarious thrill is a poor thrill indeed when compared to the living, number—and yet could struggle in the cities boys were beginning to breathing adventure. Talk about In- through in the job to which they be a problem. dian adventure! Every night the were assigned. Here is the key to Many leaders in our communities camps were alert to the possible war the settlement of Utah: to accept were becoming alarmed at the "soft- whoop and the chance of losing one's a responsibility, believing it comes ening up" process that civilization hair. By day, Indians were frequent- from God. To lay oneself on the was working on our boyhood. Eu- ly seen near and in the camp. altar with all one possesses, and to gene L. Roberts—then director of Hear about the old scouts! These carry that responsibility in right- physical training at Brigham Young boys of long ago heard Old Gabe, eousness to its ultimate end—come University—wrote four pages of ar- himself, many times. There was no what may. Such is the desirable gument that the new Boy Scout illusion. They didn't see the old hero quality to be taught the youth of the movement contained the essence of through the mists of years, but he Church. It was taught in the early what boys need, and urged the stood starkly real in their minds, his days of a hundred years ago in the Church to give to the boys an organ- crude, wild ways of living, evidence most potent way it can ever be ized program like that of the Boy that many white men are savages at taught, through the bitter school of Scouts. He proposed that such an heart. hard experience, organization be called the "Boy Pio- These boys lived adventure. Did neers of Utah," saying: •HTime went on, however, and condi- someone kill a bear? They heard the

tions changed. The city of Salt ;..' It can embrace all the salient features of tale, they saw the hide—they even Lake in 1910 was not the same as the Scouts with more or less the same code ate some of the meat. in 1847. Already boys were hearing of honor, the same activities, and with the same purposes in general, but in addition When someone was killed; they more of the great adventure than it can aim to preserve the memory of the often were present at the killing or they participating it. — were in The pioneers and to teach reverence and sym- attended the burial—or heard the "crossing of the plains" was the sub- pathy for their religious struggles. 434 THE IMPROVEMENT ERA. — )

Latter-day Saint Scouts were not immediately affiliated with the Boy SCOUTING Scouts of America. It was in 1913, in January, that Mr. S. A. Moffatt, a field secretary of the Boy Scouts of & Jl!X *JjLtwodk iyouna America began negotiations to attain this affiliation. On March 24, OF THE FIRST COUNCIL OF THE SEVENTY the committee of the general board, officially advised the Boy Scouts of Prior to the publication of this the Church might control the des- America that a resolution making the article and earlier in the year the tinies of our boyhood, the Mutual union official had been adopted by general superintendency of the Improvement Association leaders the general board and asking that Young Men's Mutual Improvement surrounded the new program with Dr. John H. Taylor be granted a Association appointed a committee written safeguards and with enough special Scout commission with juris- to investigate the program of the of the Church Authorities in its diction over all Mutual Improvement Boy Scout movement of America. leadership to guide its thinking. Association Scouts. The committee did this work included L. R. This committee was composed of B. The direction of Scout activities who Martineau, Smith, Oscar H. Roberts, George H. Brimhall, was given into the hands of John H. Hyrum M. A. Kirkham, B. F. Grant, Bryant S. and Benjamin Goddard. Taylor, later a member of the First Council of the Seventy. Dr. Taylor Hinckley, and John H. Taylor. Volumes could be written about [arch 1912 marks the date of was made field commissioner of W the detail of the work of these men publication of an article out- scouting to all Latter-day Saint the official founders of scouting in lining the organization of the "M. boys. Up and down the Church he — the Church and of other men, equal- LA. Scouts"—under the direction went, instructing, teaching, and train- ly important, clearing the way in the of the committee of athletics, field ing leaders. He met with some re- stakes and ward. Two, only, of that sports, and outdoor activities, of the sistance. The questions in the minds first committee, survive, Bryant S. Mutual Improvement Association. of the first committee appointed to Hinckley and Oscar A. Kirkham. Today, scanning old copies of The investigate the Scout movement were Brother Hinckley before long Improvement Era or reading in de- raised by men—presiding men changed the emphasis of his con- tail the minutes of the general board, everywhere. Thomas Hull, in a tribution to youth to physical devel- one cannot sense the great amount meeting of the general board in opment, while Brother Kirkham of work which some men did in August 1912, "moved that stake su- went on in this chosen field, first to bringing scouting into the Latter- perintendents be instructed to in- local, then to national, and finally to day Saint Church. augurate the Mutual Improvement great international recognition in Association Scout movement in their scouting. respective stakes," and his motion was carried. This action was the T has not been easy for our people key which opened the doors of the I to adapt this program of an Eng-, stakes far enough for the movement lish general with its woodcraft of to become firmly established. The Seton and its pioneering of Dan joint efforts of the committee and Dr. Beard. Many a long night was spent Taylor were effective. by the committee, backing up the detail of Dr. Taylor, and discussing T~}r, Taylor's gentle, kindly ways and helping with the idea. gradually won many stakes and So well was the groundwork laid, ward leaders, and in 1918, just prior however, that in 1919 the Church to his retirement as Church Scout accepted the idea of local councils commissioner, he was able to report with paid professional executives in that in the Church were 183 charge. And so were born the four Scout troops, 3,705 registered Utah councils for scouting. Scouts, and 2,162 boys doing work With the organization of the local but not registered, for a total of councils, and the consequent center- 5,867. His words, in his report of ing of both community and eccle- that year, sound like a local council siastical effort, Scout work began, executive pleading in 1947 with the and has since held the close atten- bishops for a chance for Scout men tion and effort of many of the best to function: men in the intermountain country.

PRESIDENT GEORGE ALBERT SMITH, SCOUTER Today close to thirty thousand A man who can guide twenty or thirty Latter-day Saint boys are Scouts. boys in their play and recreation, and while "Scout" is a word. Innumerable feel the doing so, impress upon them the necessity These good men could are its connotations. But to a boy it of giving service to their church, and liv- pull of the romance of scouting, but can have only one denotation. It ing in conformity with- the principles of they were determined that the end the gospel, is doing a sufficiently valuable means adventure—outdoor adven- Saint result would be Latter-day work that should entitle him to some relief ture. That is a boy's reason for join- boys. Cautious lest, groups not in from other ward duties. (Continued on page 481

JULY 1947 ;- li- 435 Westward wd tL Samu

Part IV EXCERPTS FROM THE of the camp of the Saints ahead. After going 7% miles, we came to [July] the 24th. —not- HITHERTO UNPUBLISHED Saturday it & encamped with the remainder withstanding the threatening JOURNAL OF of the brethren at 1 P.M. having appearance of the weather come 1 1 Ya miles to-day—they had last evening, the clouds have ^J4oface ~J\. Whitne moved to this place from 4 miles cleared away & this morning the back, as Bro. Pack yesterday in- sun rose bright & beautiful as formed us they contemplated. The usual — The majority of the camp grass here is very tall & rank, the were in motion about J4 past 7 soil rich & exuberant, & well watered a.m.-—Frank Dewey & Myself did with beautiful cold springs, & in fine, not start with the rest, our horses the country equals our most sanguine having strayed away. Bro. Howard expectations, being only deficient in Egan had also lost one of his—he timber, which we indulge hopes can went back over the mountain about be obtained in the mountains. The 4 miles when he found them all, brethren commenced ploughing & brought them up, & we got started planting potatoes yesterday, & are in about 2 hours after the departure going into it with renewed vigor to- of the rest. Pursuing a west course day, some engaged in tilling the through the ravine, we crossed the ground, while others are occupied little stream 1 8 times. —going down sev- are evidently salt. There is but in repairing ploughs & other neces- eral steep descents, we at length timber in sight anywhere, and that sary farming utensils. —I learn that emerged from the pass, (having is mostly on the banks of creeks & some 8 miles ahead is a large, sulphu- come 4 miles, ) & were highly grati- streams of water, which is about the rous spring issuing from the moun- fied with a fine view of the open only objection which could be raised tains, which is so hot in its nature, country & the "Great Salt Lake" in my estimation to this being one that a person cannot hold a hand in whose blue surface could be seen in of the most beautiful valleys & pleas- it an instant—there are also other the distance, with a lofty range of ant places for a home for the Saints, curiosities in the neighborhood, in- mountains in the background, which which could be found. Timber is cluding numerous salt springs. — I should judge to be some 30 or 40 evidently lacking, but we have not There are also numerous signs of miles distant. There is an extensive, expected to find a timber country. bear, buffalo, antelope, deer, etc., but beautiful, level looking valley, from There may be plenty of it on the these animals are not accustomed to here to the lake, which I should mountains, which the long distance inhabit here unless, indeed, they se- judge from the numerous deep green would render impossible to be seen lect this country for their winter patches must be fertile and rich. with the naked eye, but the moun- quarters. —Rattlesnakes there are The valley extends to the south tains through which we have passed, — plenty of a small size, which proba- probably 50 miles, when it is again have very little timber on them. In bly have their dens in the mountains. surrounded by high mountains. To some places may be seen a small The distance from the entrance of the south-west across the valley, at growth of fir, or cedar or pine, & in "Pratt's Pass" to avoid the Kanyon about 25 to 30 miles distant, is a the valleys, some cottonwood, and at "Weber's Fork," to this place is high mountain, extending from the other small timber. There is doubt- 4434 miles—we have travelled 44)4 south end of the valley to about op- less timber in all the passes 6 ravines miles during the past week, are this posite this place, where it ceases where streams descend from the evening, distant from Ft. Bridger abruptly, leaving a pleasant view of mountains. There is no prospect of 115 miles, from Ft. the dark waters of the Lake. — building log houses without spend- John 512% miles, & from Winter Quarters 1053 Standing in the lake, & about due ing a vast amount of time & labor, miles. President Young is slowly re- west, there are 2 mountains, & far but we can make Spanish brick & covering his health, & finally, all in the distance, another one, which dry them in the sun, or we can build those in the camp who have been I might suppose is on the other side lodges as the Pawnee Indians do in sick are rapidly recovering.—It com- of the lake, probably from 80 to their villages. For my own part, I menced raining quite hard about 4 100 miles distant. To the north- am happily disappointed in the ap- P.M. accompanied by a strong wind west is another mountain, at the pearance of the valley of the Salt from the southwest, which continued base of which is a long ridge of Lake, & if the land be as rich as it about 2 hours, thus setting at naught what I should consider to be rock has the appearance of being, I have the opinions & apprehensions of salt from its white and shining ap- no fears but the Saints can live some of the brethren, that rain is not pearance. —The lake does not show here, & do well, which we will do sufficiently incidental to this coun- at this distance a very extensive sur- right. —After leaving "last creek" try for the growth of wheat, corn, face, but its dark blue shade, resem- as it is called, & "Pratt's Pass," we bling the calm sea, looks very beau- passed over a level shelf or bottom etc.-—Some of them indeed, had tiful. The intervening valley appears for some distance & then descended thought that we would be obliged to be well supplied with streams, to the 2d shelf or bottom below, to irrigate the country by digging — creeks, & lakes -some of the latter from whence we had a plain view (Concluded on page 447) 436 THE IMPROVEMENT ERA —

Co I join gladly and with delight with all my brethren of my —J4 Statute to the adopted state in this enthusiastic salute to you pioneers to whom this part of the western world owes so much. We were born too late to Utah Pioneers come through the thickets and break through the forests and bridge the FROM AN ADDRESS GIVEN IN THE rivers and tread through the canyons and climb over the mountains and SALT LAKE TABERNACLE MAY 1, 1947 stand spellbound for the first time BY THE on the edge of the ravine, to look out over the valley and be thrilled with the conviction that "this is the M %, MLr W. foutton, ^LJ. *JJ. place." We were born too late, and EPISCOPAL BISHOP OF UTAH (RETIRED) we envy you the glory of it all. But we were born in time to enjoy the fruits of your labors and your sacri- greater distinction has ever they carried light and life into fices and your spirit; and we were Nobeen conferred upon me than Africa. So would any one of my born in time to take up your work

this invitation to take part in hearers. where you left it, and to carry it on the salute to the Utah pioneers. This with something of the determination is a fine event in a brilliant Centen- 'T'he events which we begin to cele- and faith which possessed you. We nial. One hundred years ago this brate tonight stand with history have entered into your labors; you state began its onward march toward like that. And one of these days we have passed on to us the hopes of the dignity of a commonwealth. This shall see more clearly that the blaz- your hearts; we shall complete those century has been a bright developing of the trail over the Alleghenies hopes. Your beginnings were a ment in the art of state-making, and —across the prairies—through hos- bright promise; we shall fulfil that we now give praise to famous men tile territories, tortured and torment- promise. Freedom, liberty, opportu- and women who under good leader- ed by sickness and famine but with nity were a part of the gifts you ship broke into the wilderness and a dogged persistence and a rugged brought across the plains in your reclaimed it for America. determination that cannot be ex- covered wagons; we shall enrich It would be a strange commentary plained apart from faith in God those gifts. It is our human and re- upon us if we who, being born too yes, we shall clearly realize that the ligious duty to match the majestic late to be members of the valiant deeds of our Utah pioneers belong and insurpassable physical glory of company that were the parents of in all nature to the golden matters our Utah with high standards of our state, did not feel a kind of en- of history. citizenship, the enduring evidence vious wish that we had been there. It becomes more and more ap- of good life and living. We shall do parent as studies Who does not thrill as he reads one history in our duty. the history of the stirring exploits which humanity is engaged (and And our duty is plain; freedom, that have marked new starts in the what constitutes history but men and liberty, opportunity! History does their life of the world? Which of us would women) — failures and suc- repeat itself in glorious ways at not have given much to be a part of cesses, their defeats and victories, times. It is trying to repeat itself to- their dreams and enterprises, is them—no matter how far back in their day. It trying to reveal to man- time they happened? My own per- faiths and their works, it becomes kind the sterling) fact that the good more sonal history is related to the Pil- and more apparent, I say, that life is the abundant life in which all grims and the Puritans, and to this when Almighty God wants to open mankind everywhere shall share the up a new country ( I day as I turn over the pages that tell do not hesitate treasures of the world. Those treas- of those pioneers, of what they ac- to suggest a new world) he makes ures cannot be shared in a warring complished, of what they dreamed, use of the religious motive! The re- world, with brother's hand against ligious of their adventures, of their endur- motive has been the inspira- the throat of brother. They can only ance and the things they did that tion of adventure and research, of be shared and loved in a world at discovery and construction, of endure, it creates within me a sort home- peace and sensitive of good will making and nation building: men. of impatience with the Fates that I you among That was one of the can read this in all could not have been associated in the precious records. profound truths beneath the founda- religious flesh with those great builders. The motive was the heart tion of this state. Let us of this grow- of the discovery of America; the ing state communicate it to the world One would like to have been with settlement of New England, and the in this our day. those intrepid evangelists who open- remarkable • American climax, the We salute you, men and women, ed up the German forests ages ago. discovery, the entrance into, the set- pioneers, as the heroic progenitors It would be immortal to have been tling and the development of our in- of a great generation. Be proud of a sailor on one of those tiny boats termountain empire which (and I the beginnings and look with confi- that sailed over the seas and found would call your attention to it) is dence toward the future of the won- America. I would like to have been impressed with so many marks of derful state you founded! with Livingstone and Stanley when the Holy Land. JULY 1947 v 437 OUR STRENGTH aJ GUIDANCE

There has been manifest in all things pertaining to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints a power and directive force beyond man. This power which transcends all things in the earth is divine authority. It is designated in scripture as the "Holy Priesthood, after the order of the Son of God." It is obtained only from God, as God wills. It came to this Church by ordination. Peter, James, and John, who were ordained by the Savior, were sent by God, and conferred this power by the laying of hands upon the heads of Joseph Smith and Oliver Cowdery. Without the priesthood, no gospel ordinance can be acceptably administered, and without it "the power of godliness is not manifest unto man in the flesh." Man cannot assume it;

to possess it, he must be called and ordained by the power of God. "The rights of the priesthood are insep- arably connected with the powers of heaven," hence, they may be exercised only in righteousness under the gift and power of the Holy Ghost. This limitless divine power distin- guishes the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints from all the churches of men. It is true that the prophets, Jo- seph Smith, Brigham Young, John Taylor, and their successors, to this THE BANKS OF THE SUSQUEHANNA RIVER WHERE THE MELCHIZEDEK PRIESTHOOD WAS CONFERRED. day, have been men of ability, outstanding personalities, with great personal magnitude, with inborn qualities of leadership, but they possessed something greater that made heard, nor yet entered into the heart of in harmony with the will of the Lord, them not only leaders of men but al- man. (D.6C. 76:7, 10.) and prompts willing support of the so men of God. This "something" program and undertakings of the is the Holy Priesthood. Each was As ancient Israel knew that Moses Church. made humble as he sensed his own had been called and ordained of In these days, as in the days of strength "as nothing" before God; the Lord to lead them by revelation, the primitive Church, Satan has kept each knew whence came his strength, so modern Israel have known that the hearts of men stirred up against whence came his knowledge of their leaders were and are called and the Saints and has sought to over- things earthly, and things heavenly, ordained of God. It was this knowl- throw the Lord's work. The Lord's for the Lord had said concerning edge that kept modern Israel in the people have been objects of hatred, those holding this priesthood: way of life and prompted them to pillaging, mobbing, and all manner follow their leaders from New York of persecutions, although they have And to them will I reveal all mysteries, to Ohio, from Ohio to Missouri, but one objective—the establishment yea, all the hidden mysteries of my king- Missouri to Nauvoo, and from Nau- of the kingdom of God in the earth. dom from days of old, and for ages to come, Salt will I make known unto them the good voo to the valley of the Great For this objective they left their pleasure of my will concerning all things Lake, thence to the many far- homes, their possessions, and their pertaining to my kingdom. spread settlements of the arid West. fair cities time and time again. For For by my Spirit will I enlighten them, Their knowledge today of the divine the accomplishment of this mighty and by my power will I make known unto call and appointment of the leader- and noble purpose, they withhold them the secrets of my will—yea, even those things which eye has not seen, nor ear ship in the Church keeps their lives nothing and endure much. They 438 THE IMPROVEMENT ERA —

these ^sfundmd bjeaM By ARNOLD DEE WHITE

know they possess God's power, ing, churches, schools, and other so- nearly a million in number. All and that ultimately God's purposes cial needs. Here, as in Kirtland and worthy male members (excepting will triumph in the earth. Zion will Nauvoo, a temple must be erected; those who die in early youth, and the

be redeemed. a commonwealth must be estab- few who are of the seed of Cain ) are lished. ordained to an office in the Holy Tn 1844 the Prophet Joseph Smith The Saints immediately planned Priesthood with opportunities of was martyred. The Saints looked, their civic affairs. Public servants progression therein. The entire not to the scholarly or the learned were chosen as needed. The evils Church is veritably a kingdom of who vainly would have assumed prevalent in most frontier communi- priests and kings who speak in the command, but to the one they knew ties were not found here. Different name of God the Lord. the Lord had called—the presiding and higher concepts and purposes There is a democracy about the priesthood officer, Brigham Young, governed the lives of the Saints. priesthood and its administration. for so they had been taught by the Here were communities of brethren There is no distinction between so- Prophet. and sisters whose prime objective called upper class and lower class, It was logical that the leadership was to bear off the kingdom of God rich and poor, neither is there dis- remain with the priesthood, since triumphantly. The kingdom of God tinction as to vocational pursuits. "priesthood . . . holdeth the key of and his righteousness was their first All are accorded opportunity to the mysteries of the kingdom, even seeking. In these communities were serve with equal rights, and each the key of the knowledge of God." men who knew they were sons of functions in the respective office to Priesthood and priesthood ordi- God, and servants of God, ordained which he has been called and or- nances alone could continue this peo- to further his work. Even in this dained "according to the gifts and ple as the chosen of the Lord. desert land they "must be about their callings of God unto him." Under Soon after the appointment of Father's business." this divine order, the banker, the President Brigham Young in Nau- In the development of the West, doctor, the lawyer, and the business- voo, it became evident that the Saints priesthood officers headed the col- man, may be presided over by the could not remain at peace with their onization efforts and were blessed laborer and the tradesman. A "fish- antagonizes. Again they were to be and set apart by the laying on of erman" may be called to the apostle- driven from their homes and cities. hands for their assignments. As new ship, according to the appointment Again the Lord spoke, this time communities were established, the of the Lord, or a man of great re- through President Young, and in- people were counseled to walk in nown to serve as doorkeeper in the structed the Church in the matter of the Lord's way. The borders of Lord's house. their westward trek: Zion must be enlarged and her All through these hundred years, The Word and Will of the Lord con- stakes strengthened. Ecclesiastical men, young and old from all walks cerning the Camp of Israel in their journey- j units were promptly organized. The of life, have been ordained to the ings to the West: influence of the Holy Priesthood Holy Priesthood and sent by the Let all the people of the Church of Jesus tens Christ of Latter-day Saints, and those who must be kept strong among the peo- of thousands to the far corners journey with them, be organized into com- ple, and close contact maintained of the earth to proclaim the everlast- panies, with a covenant and promise to with the prophets and apostles that ing gospel. They serve at their own keep all the commandments and statutes of the Lord's way may be clearly de- expense, and without price. They the Lord our God. return with firsthand knowledge of Let the companies be organized with fined. the customs, habits, captains of hundreds, captains of fifties, and and educational captains of tens, with a president and his achievements of others, and by virtue two counselors at their head, under the di- of these experiences in distant lands, rection of the Twelve Apostles. their lives have been greatly en- And this shall be our covenant—that we riched. Through the missionary- will walk in all the ordinances of the service priesthood Lord. ... I am he who led the children of influence has Israel out of the land of Egypt; and my been and is felt even in the remote arm is stretched out in the last days to save isles of the sea. my people Israel. (D. & C. 136:1-4, 22.) Priesthood has played and contin- It was under priesthood direction ues to play an important role in that the Saints came to these moun- the lives and homes of the Latter- tain vales; it was by the Holy Priest- day Saints. In this day of great diver- hood that the foundations of this sity and change, priesthood provides commonwealth were laid. Foresight a solid mooring. Although priest- through priesthood made the plans hood members frequently fall short of long-range vision. There was no of their opportunities, their is,, hurry-scurry for the untold wealth through divine priesthood adminis-l of the region. Basic lasting values Priesthood through the century, tration, the possibility of perfecting and immediate necessities had first now, as then, is a predominating their lives. to be assured shelter, food, cloth- i — influence in the lives of this people (Concluded on page 455) i JULY 1947 439 —

.EBITDRIRL

life, their convictions, and their right /Keloid S^tor purpose in t to worship and to live as free men. And now, with the perspective of a hundred Smith, Brigham Young, and their success Joseph years, it may seem to some of us that it was easier sors associates of the nineteenth century, and for them because they had less of this world's have lived their lives, made their earthly record, goods to give up than we have. But it doesn't mat- have gone to their reward. All that is unalter- and ter whether he has much or little, what every man able; and all the eloquence that we could bring to has is precious to him; and the test of his devotion the subject would not begin to tell all bear upon isn't a matter of amount but of how faithfully he in terms of lives touched, of com- there is to tell gives himself to a cause. He who has given all he munities colonized, of homes made, of sacrifices has, has given all. suffered. Their sacrifices were for truth, and they would it has been told But insofar as it can be told, not have done what they did except for their con- retold, in monuments of stone, in documents and viction of it; nor shall we and the generations to State, in annually recurring oration, of Church and come, do what is expected of us except as we are verse and song, to children and their in prose and devoted to> the same principles and the same truth. children's children, from generation to generation. What the future holds so far as we are individ- significance But a centennial must have more ually concerned, no man has knowledge. But this historical fact. It brings before than mere recital of much is certain: Whatever we accomplish that is the us the importance of the past for its effect upon worth while, now or in the future, will be based present and the future, and the importance of living upon principles passed on to us by the pioneers. in the present according to principles which have The superficial details and the outward fashions been proved in the past. may change from year to year, but the fundamen- President Grant often told the story of a friend tals of living have not changed since their day—-nor who said: "I would give everything I had in the will they. And we would be wantonly wasteful if wide world if I had your testimony and your assur- we were to throw away their experience or com- ance of the purpose of life." promise their principles. To which President Grant made a characteristi- All praise to the pioneers! Whatever of glory

cally frank reply: "That sounds very fine, but . . . we can add to their names will be only the glory

you do not have to give everything you have. . . . we add to our own. God grant that our children and our children's children have as cause "Now all you have to do to acquire that which may much you say you would give everything in the world to be proud of us as we have to be proud of them. for is to make of yourself a better father, a better —R. L. E. husband, a better citizen, and ask the Lord to for- give you for doing the things that he has revealed in our day men ought not to do. And after you get a testimony of the gospel ... as I have ... we vDriqham Ujounq,jouna, eman do not want all you have—we want you to keep ffobu

ninety percent of it. . . . You don't have to give everything in the world, as you say you would; all Because the highest use of human memory is to you have to do is to give away your bad habits, and make nobility immortal, anniversaries like change your life, make a better individual of your- the Centennial of Brigham Young's entrance self, and keep the commandments of God." into the valley of the Great Salt Lake are kept.

It has been a story of long standing that many Neither exalted office nor the popular acclaim of people at various times and in various places have his descendants made Brigham Young a nobleman; verbally dedicated their lives and all that they have that came from the native talents of the man him- to the Lord. And yet when it came to the incon- self. A skilled painter and glazier, he was nonethe- venience of controlling a few appetites or giving a less an aristocrat; poor stock never yet produced a little time or substance or service, they have failed thoroughbred. He sought fulfilment of his destiny to perform. by creative doing—he had purpose. Nobly he Those who committed themselves to a cause and aspired to keep untainted his profound convictions; to a westward course a hundred years ago were not nobly he sought to leave the world better than he dealing in conversation. They gave up every ma- found it; nobly he carried high the torch for peace terial claim in this world, or virtually so; but they and brotherhood—and nobly must we continue the kept their self-respect, their good conscience, their work of this nobleman, our Brigham Young! H.L.

440 THE IMPROVEMENT ERA :

CENTENNIAL HERITAGE

£5y J-^m5idevit Ljeorae ^Atlberf S^>mltk

1 do not know when I have dom of heaven; but he that doeth the felt happier or more grateful for the blessings will of my Father which is in heaven. of life than I do at this time of the Centennial. {Matthew 7:21.) We have much reason to thank our Heavenly Father. It was in order that we might know what When I realize that our people came from his will is towards his children that he gave a land rich agriculturally, made their way Joseph Smith, the boy prophet, the latter-day across the great plains after being driven from revelation which resulted in the organization their comfortable homes in Nauvoo, and came of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day into this then desert waste to build up the Saints. Then some of the very stalwarts of Church to the glory of God and to transform the earth were pricked in their hearts with a the desert, I know that I, for one, have much desire to know the truth, and the missionaries to be grateful for. of the Church sought them among the na- Sometime ago in traveling over a portion of tions, and the pilgrimage to this western the old Pioneer trail I stood at the side of one world began. The community comforts that grave containing bodies of fifteen of the mem- we enjoy here are the result of their faith bers of this Church who gave their all for the and devotion. cause, and passed on to their reward; hun- The only way we have of giving convincing dreds of others also lie in unmarked graves. evidence of our gratitude is by honoring him I have been many times on that trail over and keeping his commandments. That we may which barefoot, hungry, and weary, in the so do, and in the end enjoy eternal life in the cold of winter and the heat of summer, thou- companionship of one another, under the di- sands of our people made their way into this rection of our Lord and Master, Jesus Christ, valley, buoyed up with the hope that they I pray with all my heart. could here worship God according to the dic- The Lord has said tates of their consciences. Today when I think of this marvelous land in which we live, our world-famed Temple Square, our homes and Eye hath not seen, nor ear heard, neither have entered into farms, and our buildings that have been dedi- the heart of man, the things which hath cated to the worship of our Father in heaven, God prepared for them that love him. ( I Cor. it seems to me that we ought to examine our- 2:9.) selves and check on our lives to see whether or not we are living up to our privileges and are worthy of that which the Lord has given I humbly pray that the Lord may help us

us. He has said: to appreciate our blessings and evidence it by our conduct in life, and in the end receive Not every one that saith unto me, from the Master that welcome home: "Well Lord, Lord, shall enter into the king- done."

JULY 1947 4 THE SPOKEN WORD

TJTeard from the "Crossroads of the West" with the Salt Lake A * Tabernacle Choir and Organ over a nationwide radio net- By RICHARD L EVANS work through KSL and the Columbia Broadcasting System every Sunday at 11:30 a.m. Eastern Daylight Saving Time, 9:30 a.m. Central Time, 8:30 a.m. Mountain Time, and 7:30 a.m. Pacific Time.

people, J-^nncipled,r an f\econciuation with

All of us at times are disappointed in the actions of HPhere are few of us but who have been touched some- others. Perhaps there is no one who doesn't dis- how by death. We may not have been touched appoint someone some time by something he does or closely by it nor yet have kept vigil with it, but sooner

fails to do. But it should not be thought so strange or later along our lives, most of us are sorely bereft of that we should sometimes have cause to be disappointed someone near and deeply cherished—and all of us will in others, because, being honest, we must admit that some day meet it face to face. Perhaps most of us feel there are also times when we have cause to be dis- that we could accept death for ourselves and for those appointed in ourselves. All of us do, unintentionally, we love if it did not so often seem to come with such and perhaps intentionally at times, things of which we untimeliness. But we rebel when it so little considers are not especially proud. We say things that we later our wishes or our readiness. Yet we may well ask regret; we give way to thoughtlessness, carelessness, ourselves: When would we be willing to part with or neglect. We often fail to live as well as we know how to part from those we love? And who is there among to live. But it is not so much in our disappointment us whose judgment we would trust to measure out our in people that danger lies, but in our failure to dis- lives? Such decisions would be terrible for mere men tinguish between people and principles. If we were to make. But fortunately we are spared making them; to use the misconduct of others, or departure from fortunately they are made by Wisdom higher than principle by others as a reason for our own departure ours. And when death makes its visitations among us, from principle, we should have placed ourselves in a inconsolable grief and rebellious bitterness should have

false position. If a principle is right, it doesn't matter no place. There must be no quarrel with irrevocable who abuses it or who abandons it, it is still right. Be- facts. Even when death comes by events which seem cause our ideals may be now unattainable, it doesn't unnecessary and avoidable, we must learn to accept follow that we should discard them. Because a man what we cannot help. Indeed, the greatest blessing professing honesty proves to be dishonest, it doesn't that can follow the death of those we love is reconcilia-

mean that we should discard the principle of honesty. tion. Without it there is no peace. But with it come If a man professing to be religious doesn't live as he quiet thoughts and quickened memories. And what professes, it doesn't mean that we should abandon else shall a man do except become reconciled? What religion, but rather that we should seek ways of making purpose does he serve by fighting what he cannot touch it more effective in our lives. If a man professing altru- or by brooding upon what he cannot change? We ism serves self-interest, it doesn't destroy the desirabil- have to trust the Lord God for so many things, and it ity of altruism. If we are looking for such superficial is but one thing more to trust him in the issues of excuses to abandon principles, we shall surely need life and of death, and to accept the fact that his plans not look far. If we are looking for offense, we surely and promises and purposes transcend the bounds of shall find it, for this is not a world of perfection. But this world and of this life. With such faith the years if we can cling to the principle of perfection as an are kind, and peace and reconciliation do come to those ideal to be sought after, we are on the right road, no who have laid to rest their loved ones—who, even in matter how slowly we may move. Therefore, disturb- death, are not far removed from us, and of whom our disappointment in it ing as may be our people, need Father in heaven will be mindful until we meet again, not be too serious so long as we accept and pursue even as we are mindful of our own children. Bitter sound principles. But if we abandon or seek to dis- grief without reconciliation serves no good purpose. credit principles because people are not perfect, that is Death comes to all of us, but so does life everlasting^ serious. —May 4, 1947. 'Revised —May 25, 1947.

442 THE IMPROVEMENT ERA FRDM TEMPLE SDUHRE

old, for there is no time of life when our feelings are ^r ^Jlme for Kemembememt?ennf not acute, no time when we are not hurt by thoughtlessness or neglect. All have need to be loved, under- stood, remembered. jn excellent authority we may say that "there is . . . o 1 —May 11, 1947. a time to every purpose under . . . heaven." And we should like to consider this a time for remembering. Looking forward from our youth and looking back after youth has passed present two vastly different pictures. As parents we see the future in our children. f^erduadion, ^Mvitkontu, and J't"orce But as children we see the future in ourselves. When we are young, parents may look very old to us, even as r E have heard much of such words as arbitration, we look very young to them. And all of us change so W negotiation, conciliation. They have come to be gradually that we may not know when it is that we are technical terms, with many shades of meaning, but looked upon as being old by others. The generations their all-over sense implies the settling of disagreements come and go, with time moving all things on their way, without physical force or open warfare. Such with children becoming parents, parents becoming proceed- ings often involve important organizations or power- grandparents, and youth growing up to take their ful nations. But something similar may also often be places, while others move on, as life endlessly unfolds. needed in dissolving private difficulties, both with chil- There are times when we would stay the step of time. dren and with adults. There are many ways of handling There are days we wish would linger longer. But time children even as there are many ways of handling will not be stayed. There are times, with our children grown men. We can use love, kindness, patience, per- around us, when we would like to keep them as they suasion, reason, authority, force. And sometimes a are—safe from life. But children grow up. Days pass, combination of almost all of them is needed. Both and the good years and the bad move on at the same children and adults respond to these various methods measured pace, although to us it seems the good move in about the same way. Some measure authority faster and the bad drag with agonizing slowness. There of and physical persuasion cannot always be avoided. are times when we have with us mothers, fathers, loved Certainly we cannot forever wait for an obdurate man ones, and assume that it will always be so. But it is to make up his mind to comply with law, nor can not always so. And then there come those times when we sit up all night waiting for a tiny tot to make his our hearts cry out for a turning back of the hours and up mind that he is willing the years, as the poet pleaded: to go to bed. But it is almost always desirable to labor long by other means first—for with unreasoning force we may create further resist- "Backward, turn backward, O Time, in your flight, ance; we may make understanding impossible, or we Make me a child again just for tonight! may break the will of a child or a man. And a man or Mother, come back from the echoless shore, a child either with a broken or a hardened will is a pitiable creature. Take me again to your heart, as of yore; But as long as we can keep negotiations on the basis of reason and persuasion, with a Kiss from my forehead the furrows of care, little authority as circumstances suggest, we have a Smooth the few silver threads out of my hair; chance of moving men to conversion and cooperation Over my slumbers your loving watch keep, by their own free will. The mere fact that we have Rock me to sleep, Mother, rock me to sleep." the authority and the power to do a thing doesn't mean that the best way of doing it is by physical force. "He —Elizabeth Akers Allen that complies against his will, is of his own opinion 1 still." And whenever a situation deteriorates into the But time does not turn back. It moves its measured use of force and force alone, it is evidence that someone course. And so on this day, set aside for mothers and has failed somewhere, and that we have lost something for memories, let there be a renewal of thoughtfulness that we can't afford to lose. from the old to the young, and from the young to the 'Butler, Hudibras 1 Ecclesiastes 3:1 —May 18, 1947.

JULY 1947 443 ,

JL EDUCATIONAL LEVEL

o seek knowledge and convert been made for roads in the wilder- Dmj

when the Missouri was taken in 1 850. In that year the America or the world. refugees were build- average percentage of illiteracy in the United States was 4.92. The -X -K -X -# Utah percentage was only 0.25, the * . * * lowest of the states and territories 2 cited. . . . seek ye diligently and teach

In 1 923 a careful educational sur- one another words of wisdom; vey of the stakes of yea, seek the best Zion showed that ye out of books the literacy of the words of wisdom; seek learning, even by study and also by faith.

Men of Achievement as reported by Dr. ;'";% f. L. Thorndike of * * -K * * * Columbia Univer- sity. Utah led the national average by a wide margin. Confirmation by the United States Office of Education

No similar study has since been made, but surveys made by the United States Office of Education confirm the leadership of the Latter- day Saints in the field of education; for example, the latest government- $$$M#W4 al survey, 1942-44, reports that in the state of Utah (about seventy- four percent Mormon) twenty-four percent of the young people between ing the city of Nauvoo, a university Church was about ninety-seven per- fifteen and seventeen years of age was founded. cent. It was found that about sixty attend high school, as against nine- On the trek westward, following Latter-day Saints in every thousand teen percent in the United States; the expulsion from Nauvoo, school attended high school—more than and that 4.5 percent of the school sessions were held in the moving three times the average for the population are graduated from high camps. A few weeks after reaching United States at that time; and that school as against 3.3 percent in the school instruction United States. Were the Latter-day Salt Lake Valley, x For the detailed history of education in the Church was begun in the sage-encircled, see Mormonism and Education, by M. Lynn Bennion Saints in Utah treated as a separate (1939); The History of Public Education in Utah, by pioneer log cabins. One of the first John Clifton Moffitt (1946) group, the percentages in their favor B. Denbow. Compendium provision had Superintendent J. D. of would be larger. More students legislative acts, after the Census of 1850. p. 152 444 THE IMPROVEMENT ERA A

of tL LATTER-DAY SAINTS

"one of the purposes of this book is an,d iKichard <=L. (L-vans to determine the approximate posi- Rank of States According to Percentage of OF THE FIRST COUNCIL OF THE SEVENTY tion of each state" in the "education- Population, Rural and Urban, 25 Years Old al procession in America."* or Over Who Have Had Any High School In this work the relative perform- Education, 1940, States Arranged Ac- cording to Ranking for Rural ance of the states is measured by the Farm Population following criteria:

Rank 1. accomplishment, in education [Utah, 1st place] Rural Rural State farm nonfarm Urban Total 2. ability to support education Utah ... 1 1 1 1 [Utah, 32nd place] ... 2 2 4 2

Massachusetts ...... 3 3 10 4 3. the degree in which accom- New Hampshire .. ... 4 10 29 15 Wyoming ... 5 4 5 6 graduate from college in Utah, in plishment is commensurate Vermont ... 6 6 3 8 Idaho ... 7 12 11 10 proportion to the state population, with ability [Utah, 1st place] Oregon ... 8 9 9 9 Washington ... 9 8 6 6 than in any other state. 4. the degree of effort to provide Nevada ... 10 5 7 5 Colorado ... 11 16 13 10 Evidence from the Selective for education [Utah, 4th place] California ... 12 6 1 3 Texas ... 13 11 14 13 Iowa 14 19 12 16 Service 5. of educational effort efficiency Nebraska ... 15 14 8 14 Kansas ... 16 23 17 18 [Utah, 1st place] 26 HPhe general high level of education New York ... 17 18 44 Rhode Island 18 26 43 27 among the Latter-day Saints is 6. educational level of the adult Connecticut ... 19 16 42 24 Indiana ... 20 24 25 20 reflected also in the reports of the population' [Utah, 1st place] Ohio ... 20 21 21 17 Montana ... 22 20 18 21

selective service of the last war. At Michigan ... 23 13 16 12 The first, "ac~ Delaware .. 24 15 27 19 the time of entering the service, the Arizona .. 25 20 23 22 complishment 25 30 32 25 educational status of all the men was Illinois in education," is ad- New Jersey 25 25 46 29 South Dakota 28 27 19 32 determined. The official report dis- 500 — judged in this study Oklahoma .. 29 35 15 28 - cusses the states that furnished men Florida .. 30 29 23 22 to be of greatest New Mexico .. 31 45 26 33 of least education, and then con- North Carolina .. 32 38 39 38 relative importance. South Carolina ... .. 33 39 36 40 tinues: Missouri 34 33 36 33

.. 35 30 48 36 At the other extreme was the mountain ^Raymond M. Hughes, Wil- Maryland liam H. Lancelot, Education — Pennsylvania 36 46 41 31 state of Utah with only 9.4 percent of in- America's Magic, The Iowa Georgia .. 37 36 40 39 Mississippi .. 38 28 31 46 ductees and enlistees having completed less State College Press, Ames. Iowa, 1946, p. 6 North Dakota . 39 39 28 44 e 40 41 30 37 than one year of high school, 18.5 percent Effort —percentage of In- Virginia Wisconsin .. 40 32 38 35 having completed at least one year of col- come spent on all education, public and private Minnesota .. 42 33 22 30 41 lege, and the median years of school com- 8See Hughes and Lancelot, Tennessee .. 43 44 34 .. 44 43 33 42 op. cit., pp. 9-11, 48, 49, 51. Alabama pleted being two years of high school, or 44 57, 63, 67, 70. 73, 77, 78 Arkansas .. 45 37 20 8 42 47 42 one above the national average. (Continued on page 446) Louisiana 46 Kentucky .. 47 47 45 48 West Virginia 48 48 35 47 "¥• ~r^ 7^ ~K r- ' ~r- -r 300 — Source: 16th U. S. Census, Population, Series P-6, Jt is impossible for a man to be Table 1. Ranges in percentages as follows: Rural farm, 8.3 saved in ignorance. to 37.6; Rural nonfarm, 16.6 to 41.2; Urban, 25.8 to 41.7; Total population, 18.1 to 40.9. —Minnesota Bulletin 377

-k' V * T< * II 200 — The first of the recent nongovern- Men of Science. Survey mental evidences here to be cited made by Dr. E. L. Thorn- dike in the 1938 edition comes from a book titled Education of "American Men of Science." —America's Magic by Dr. Ray- mond M. Hughes, president emeri- tus of Iowa State College, and 100 — William H. Lancelot, professor of vocational education at Iowa State College. From this book, published and copyright by the Iowa State College Press at Ames, Iowa, in 1946, we quote and reproduce WIIMHHBSBIIIIn o — « graphs by permission. f#W&#fW* The authors' preface states that ^•#/*.\s,^£&&«*/«*&'fflfrtfy. Reemployment Bulletin No. 2 JULY 1947 445 21 :

THE EDUCATIONAL LEVEL OF THE LATTER-DAY SAINTS

(Continued from page 445) Rank of States According to the Percentage of ment, Utah was the highest and led authors Native White Rural Farm Population 16-17 The go on to compare Utah the nearest state, Massachusetts, by Years of Age Attending School, with other near-by and remote states 1940 and 1930 about twenty percent. In the number by other criteria in numerous in- of men of science, Utah was the stances throughout this volume. For Percent Points highest and led the nearest state, example, on page 61 appears this attend- gained ing Rank or Colorado, by about thirty percent. school statement: lost science, certainly, in State in 1940 1940 1930 (—) In and achievement, probably, success implies pre- Ability to support education by no means Utah 87.5 1 1 vious education. determines the accomplishment of any given Washington 81.0 2 3 1 state in education. Some, like Utah and California 77.6 3 2 — Further corroborative evidence Oregon 76.4 4 6 2 Kansas, while only moderately "able," rank Idaho 76.3 5 5 appears in The Scientific Monthly very high in accomplishment, Nevada 75.4 6 4 —2 apparently for May 1943 in an article by Dr. Kansas , 72.9 7 10 3 holding education in high esteem and put- * Ohio 72.8 8 8 Thorndike called the "Origin of ting forth great effort to provide it for their Wyoming 72.0 9 12 3 Montana 71.2 10 15 5 Superior Men," from which the fol- young people. . . . Striking examples are Indiana 70.8 11 9 — seen in Delaware and Utah, the former of Connecticut 70.1 12 41 29 lowing is quoted New York 67.9 13 27 14 which ranks fifth in ability and thirty-fourth Mississippi 67.5 14 7 7 Massachusetts .... in accomplishment, while the latter ranks 66.4 15 28 13 New Hampshire 65.9 16 14 —2 We may conclude therefore that the thirty-second in ability first and in accom- Colorado 64.9 17 17 production of superior men is surely not an plishment.7 Oklahoma 64.2 18 18 accident, that it only a slight affiliation Nebraska 63.8 19 25 6 has New Mexico 62.8 20 13 —7 with income, that it is closely related to Iowa 62.6 21 22 1 The conclusion of the study is the kind of persons residing in England Maine 62.5 22 21 1 New that: South Dakota 61.9 23 31 8 and in the block formed by Colorado, Idaho, New Jersey 61.8 24 34 10 Arizona 61.5 25 16 —9 North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah, and Texas 59.9 26 20 —6 to that Utah has first place among the states by Wyoming, from 1870 1900, and Rhode Island 59.1 27 45 18 these persons probably diverged from the Illinois . a wide margin. . . . 58.3 28 32 4 Michigan 58.2 29 38 9 average of the country toward the qualities While ranking thirty-second in ability to Pennsylvania 58.1 30 44 14 Delaware which make persons in 1930 learn to read, support education with an income of only 57.7 31 30 —1 Florida 57.5 32 11 —21 graduate from high school, spend public $1,680 per child, and fourth in effort, it still South Carolina 57.1 33 24 9 Alabama 56.8 funds on libraries rather than roads and ranks first in educational 34 23 —11 accomplishment, Missouri .... 55.7 35 43 8 sewers, own their homes, avoid homicide, in Louisiana the degree in which accomplishment is 55.4 36 34 —2 e North Carolina be free from syphilis, etc. . . . commensurate with ability, in efficiency, and 55.0 37 29 —8 Vermont 54.5 38 33 —5 in the level of adult education. Virginia 53.2 39 36 —3 Minnesota 52.7 40 47 7 of Educational This appears to be due almost wholly to North Dakota 52.6 41 40 —1 Causes the high value placed on education by the Georgia 52.5 42 37 —5 Leadership Arkansas 51.7 43 19 —24 people of Utah, coupled with high efficiency Wisconsin . 51.5 44 48 4 Maryland 50.6 in the expenditure of funds devoted to 45 46 1 46 25 —21 HHhese results, all but one from non- school purposes. Indeed, this combination West Virginia 47.8 47 41 —6 Kentucky sources, are so concord- of great effort and high efficiency in the 32.2 48 39 —9 Mormon utilization of school funds seems to have ant that the high educational level Source: operated in a remarkable manner to over- 16th U. S. Census, Population, Vol. II. of the Latter-day Saints must be ad- come the handicap of relatively —Minnesota Bulletin 377 low ability. mitted by all. Utah easily outclasses all other states in Dr. Edward L. Thorndike's Study The question may well be asked, over-all performance in education. 8 on Men of Science what is the cause of this leadership? The history of the Latter-day Saints Added to the weight of the fore- Another Study from Minnesota is one of severe, sometimes bloody, going, is that of a study made by persecution, of constant battle with Professor Edward L. Thorndike. Cither corroborative evidence the elements, as the desert was con- Dr. Thorndike, professor emeri- pointing to a similar conclusion quered. It could fairly be expected tus of Columbia University, under- comes from a bulletin by Dr. Lowry that little time could be found by took to determine the origins of Nelson on Education of the Farm such a people for the gentler arts, America's men of achievement and Population in Minnesota issued in and the cultivation of the mind. men of science. This June 1944 by the Agricultural Ex- was done at the request of the The answer is probably twofold. periment Station of the University Carnegie Founda- tion for Educational Advancement. First, hard work becomes a habit of Minnesota. While this study is He turned to with those who, to live, must conquer about Minnesota and not about the three standard the elements. Hard work also builds compilations: Who's in Utah, in the tabulations of all the Who Amer- strong bodies. seldom rises ica, Leaders in Education, One forty-eight states, for comparative and high in the educational scale with- American Men Science. All purposes, Utah again ranks first of who and close applica- had been found worthy of out a sound body among the states as to the percent- inclusion tion in study. in these books were classified age of native white rural farm popu- ac- cording to the place of their Second, the chief cause of Latter- lation of high school age (16-17) at- birth. The number of distinguished in day Saint excellence in education, is tending school, and first among the men achievement or in science or the life-philosophy which is taught states of those twenty-five years old in both in proportion all members, and which they are en- and over who have had any high to the population was determined for each state joined to practise in their lives. They school education, as follows: in the Union. are taught to seek all sound knowl- "Ibid., p. 61 In the number of 8Ibid.. pp. 40-41 men of achieve- B The Scientific Monthly. May 1943 446 THE IMPROVEMENT ERA .. . . .,.,

THE EDUCATIONAL LEVEL OF THE LATTER-DAY SAINTS edge with the added principle that funds, religion has always been a Conclusion "the glory of God is intelligence." part of the curriculum. When the At the close of the first century To learn is part of the gospel that schools became state supported, a since the pioneers undertook to make they profess. The Latter-day Saint system of supplementary seminaries the great deserts of the West their student conceives his school work to and institutes was organized, sup- home, the Latter-day Saints present be part of his purposeful preparation ported by Church funds, in which a picture of educational achievement for eternal life and joy. religious training is offered, at con- second to none in America or in the With this doctrine in mind the venient, free hours to high school world. Church has always made religion and college students. Moreover, the An enviable foundation has been accompany secular education. The Church maintains Brigham Young laid, upon which, let us hope and training of the whole man has been University and the Ricks Junior Col- pray, an even greater educational the objective of Latter-day Saints. lege, in both of which religion is structure may be built in the coming In schools maintained by Church freely taught. years.

Average Years of Schooling Completed by Adults Twenty- Percentage of Income Devoted to Education in the Forty- Five Years of Age and Older Eight States YEARS PERCENTAGE

STATE 5 6 10 STATE 4 5 6 7 10

Utah South Dakota .

California New Mexico .

Oregon North Dakota . Nevada Utah Washington Idaho Wyoming Oklahoma .... Idaho Kansas Colorado Arizona Iowa Wyoming Nebraska North Carolina Vermont Mississippi Kansas Iowa Montana Montana Maine South Carolina

Massachusetts . Louisiana New Hampshire Nebraska

South Dakota . Colorado Ohio Texas

Michigan i Minnesota

Minnesota Vermont , Indiana Wisconsin

Illinois Indiana ,

Connecticut West Virginia .

North Dakota . Oregon , Wisconsin California Delaware Alabama New York Tennessee ..... Oklahoma New jersey Missouri New Hampshire

New Jersey Pennsylvania . .

Arizona Nevada ,

Pennsylvania . . Washington

Florida New York . . . Texas Michigan

Rhode Island . Arkansas Maryland Missourv

West Virginia . Kentucky Virginia Virginia

New Mexico . . Ohio Tennessee Georgia Kentucky Florida

North Carolina . Illinois

Georgia Massachusetts .

Alabama Rhode Island . Mississippi Connecticut

South Carolina . Maine ...... Louisiana Maryland Arkansas Delaware

10 10

WESTWARD WITH THE SAINTS

(Concluded from page 436) black crickets of an enormous size ever, did not last long. Lewis B. dikes, etc., but there is no fear, if to be seen here—on these the bears Myers & one of Bro. Crow's sons we continue to serve the Lord with are supposed to subsist in winter have gone out hunting, taking pack full purpose of heart, but that he which down them with great vorac- horses with them intending to be will provide us with every thing ity. They would also doubtless be gone a month or two in order to get essential to our future comfort & good for the fattening of hogs. It their supply of meat for the winter happiness. One thing I omitted to again commenced raining about 9 —they left yesterday. mention, viz. There are numerous o'clock this evening, which, how- ( The end)

JULY 1947 447 .

used and maintained as good land only through obedience to the laws of conservation. Palestine, after three thousand years, is no longer the good land it was in the time of Moses. Primitive grazing and primitive agriculture have reduced much of it to a scarred ATERS... and unproductive country. On the

ur ^Meeniaaeitt 9 anJ

^jfor tke itrenath of the

hills u/« bleu _/A.

other hand, the West is still a good-

ly land, but in a few respects it is beginning to show some of the scars and abrasions of unwise use.

About three-thirty on the afternoon of July 24, 1946, in the canyon east of Mt. Pleasant, Utah, a rainstorm occurred that lasted about an half hour. Inadequate plant cover and gullied soil on the water- Figure 1. A part of the watershed on which the Mt. Pleasant flood of July 24, 1946, originated. An elaborate system of gullies, developed over many years as plant cover was damaged or destroyed, quickly concentrated the rainfall into a raging

torrent. '

rjuly 1847, Brigham Young physical and spiritual. It was not ;::#;: looked into Salt Lake Valley and unlike Moses' view from Mount said, "This is the place!" Physi- Nebo as he gazed across the Jordan cally, it was the place because it was at the "Promised Land" of Palestine a goodly land with deep, rich soil at which he himself was never to enter. the mountains' base, abundant grass As with the Children of Israel, the both on the hillsides and in the val- Lord brought these pioneers ley, and enough timber for the com- . . .into a good land, a land of brooks of munities .he intended to found. water, of fountains and depths that spring

From well-vegetated watersheds out of valleys and hills; . . came streams of clear and whole- And their leader foresaw some water fit for human consumption and ready to be used for irriga- A land of wheat, and barley, and vines tion. Except for destruction by . . . and honey; beaver, the resources were intact. A land wherein thou shalt eat bread without scarceness, thou shalt not lack any thing President Young and his asso- in it; . . . (Deut. 8:7-9.) ciates regarded the intermountain region as a "promised land" where This promise, like other promises Figure 2. Views of a flood-producing area on Par- live the his the Latter-day Saints might in of Lord to people, was no rish Creek, Davis County. Above: Contour-trenching peace and safety, and ultimately doubt predicated on obedience to the and reseeding were done on this area in 1934 to prevent flood run-off after vegetation was destroyed. carve out secure well-being—both governing principles. Land can be Below: The same area in 1946 after the plant cover had been reestablished.

448 THE IMPROVEMENT ERA shed, brought about by overgrazing, the 1946 flood. This is no indictment terrace trenches. Later, when re- permitted waters to accumulate in against grazing, for properly con- seeded grasses had become estab- flood volume and sweep down the trolled grazing does not destroy the lished, they greatly increased the canyon and through the town. The protective value of the plant cover, ability of the watershed to absorb power plant was damaged; streets, torrential rains. In 1934 a summer lawns, and gardens were covered \T7illard, North Ogden, Farming- rain of only 0.47 inch crossed the with silt, gravel, and boulders; and ton, Centerville, and Salt Lake head of Ford Creek. One headwater basements of residences and busi- City have all, within less than twen- fork had been treated and produced ness houses were flooded. It cost ty-five years, suffered destructive no flood waters. The other fork still floods that originated on deteriorat- had gully channels open from pre- ed watershed lands. Beginning in vious floods. Waters collected here 1933, control measures, consisting so effectively that boulders nine feet principally of terrace trenches and in diameter were carried out of the Oldaatlon seeding to grasses, were undertaken canyon. on damaged parts of the watersheds In 1 945 when Salt Lake City suffered a flood through the City Cem- By DR. GEORGE STEWART etery and into adjacent parts of OF THE Y.M.M.I.A. GENERAL BOARD AND ECOLOGIST RANGE EXPERIMENT STATION, U.S. FOREST SERVICE town, heavy rainfall also struck on the treated areas on the Davis Coun- ty watersheds. No^ flood collected above Centerville or Farmington be- more than a hundred thousand dol- above Centerville, Farmington, and cause the terraces and the reseeded lars to remove the debris and make Willard. Such areas made up only plant cover were , c tQ absorf> the repairs. about ten percent of the total water- water Rainfall on the Davis Coun , An examination of the watershed ^ ty watersheds was the most intense after the storm downpours was at first caught in the showed that the veg- (Concluded on page 450) etation on twenty-two percent of it had been badly so damaged through Figure 3. Views unwise use that only about one third of the watershed just north of Salt Lake City cemetery. of the water percolated into the soil, llllli Above: A part of leaving two thirds to run off. Most the area burned in 1944. The fire in- of the floodwaters collected on this jured the plant cover and destroyed twenty-two percent as shown by the plant litter on channels, some faint, some clear-cut, the ground, per- mitting rainfall to small and large, depending on the collect into floods. As a result soil de- amount and velocity of running wa- veloped during many centuries was ter. All the channels came from the washed away in a few minutes. relatively small areas on which the vegetation had been injured. No such telltale marks of running water led from the remainder of the water- Below: A part of the near-by unturn- shed where the vegetation and litter ed area where a good cover of were at least fairly well-preserved, cheatgrass and an abundant accumu- although they were in the path of lation of litter ab- the storm. sorbed all the rainfall, producing no Mt. Pleasant has suffered from run-off. Perennial grasses are still several other floods within a genera- more effective than cheatgrass. tion, all as a result of overgrazing on the watershed. The flood of 1918 was even more destructive than the one of 1946. Until the plant cover is restored, other floods will come as surely as heavy summer rains occur. The total value of the forage on the 1,744 acres of damaged watershed land is worth not more than a small fraction of the repair costs of

JULY 1947 449 MOUNTAIN WATERS-OUR HERITAGE AND OBLIGATION

(Concluded from page 449) ferent kinds and amounts of vegeta- need is to provide for moderate util- that has ever been recorded in Utah. tion, establish beyond question the ization of the forage, and the second Records from ten recording gauges fact that vegetation plays a funda- need is to increase forage by reseed- gave intensities of about six inches mental role in watershed protection. ing. Reseeding on the watershed, if an hour for the five minute period Vegetation and litter on a well- properly done and thereafter cor- which marked the most rapid rain- preserved watershed permits the rectly managed, will in a few years fall. Although the rainfall above the water from intense rains to percolate restore the protective influence of the City Cemetery is not known, at the into the soil, while the lack of vegeta- plant cover on the watershed. Salt Lake airport it was 3.6 inches tion and litter permits up to three- Reseeding on lower range lands an hour for the most intense five fourths of the rainfall to run off the that are deteriorated will ordinarily minute period. On the mountain surface which erodes the soil and produce enough forage to permit the 3.09 inches total water fell, and at produces destructive floods. These removal of part of the livestock that the airport, 1 .52 inches. are not matters of opinion. They graze on the higher water-producing Salt Lake City was flooded be- are scientific facts, and form the areas and thereby lessen the grazing cause a fire in 1944 had burned over basis for scientific application of use. Where the cover is badly dam- a part of this watershed, consuming needed remedies. aged, and where the flood danger to not only the standing vegetation but communities is very great, reseed- also the dead plant material that ing can be made to produce enough had accumulated on the ground, forage to care temporarily for alt known as litter. The floodwaters livestock that graze on such water- collected within the boundaries of sheds. Utah has five million acres the burned area. On the unburned in the sagebrush zone which need area, the plant cover and the ac- reseeding, and is capable of produc- cumulated litter kept the watershed ing good yields of forage, and, when porous enough to enable the 1945 properly reseeded and managed, will

rain waters to* percolate as fast as greatly decrease grazing pressure they came. The gulley channels on on the water-yielding lands. All other western states are confronted the source area are still open and '"There are simple and effective ready to collect floodwater if another by similar problems and have at measures, which, if applied on intense storm strikes on the north their disposal similar opportunities. community watersheds, will cause Salt Lake foothills. Destruction of plant cover on wa- the destroying floods to pass them tersheds is therefore shortsighted. Watershed conditions that aug- by. Just two things are necessary in It endangers the welfare of whole ment and intensify floods are by no most cases: (1 ) adequate fire con- communities. To leave uncorrected means limited to Utah. The San trol and conservative use of the the threat from damaged plant cov- Gabriel and the Los Angeles rivers timber and forage resources, and er, on areas amounting to only ten in California have flooded badly in ( ) restoration of flood and sediment 2 or twenty percent of the area of recent years, as has also the Mead- source areas by intensive treatment drainages from which floods are ow Valley Wash in Nevada. such as artificial reseeding and con- likely to come, is gambling with Chandler, Arizona, has been deluged tour trenching. In order to be per- human welfare on a tremendous by Queens Creek. The Rio Grande fectly clear, let us restate that prop- scale. Yet that is just what is being in New Mexico has offended re- erly managed grazing and timber done on many watersheds in Utah peatedly, particularly in August cutting do not destroy the plant and surrounding states. 1 929, when Albuquerque was heavi- cover. ly inundated. In Colorado both Where plant cover has been re- HPhe situation is so serious that Cherry Creek near Denver and duced until the area is largely a something should be done im- Fountain Creek near Colorado scar, vigorous corrective measures mediately to restore the damaged Springs have flooded destructively. are needed. On such areas the first areas and to prevent others from Wyoming, Idaho, and eastern Ore- step is to remove alt grazing. If gul- being similarly damaged. Condi- gon have also had their lessons. In lies are already formed, terrace tions in other parts of the intermoun- each case either overgrazing or fire trenches may be necessary. On near- tain west are very much the same has damaged the vegetation and con- ly bare areas where rain beats di- and also need effective attention. tributed to intensity and frequency rectly on the soil, percolation is so Measures that restore and protect of floods. In fact, damaged plant reduced that surface run-off occurs. plant cover, besides mitigating cover and soil erosion are the in- If run-off is rapid, gullies form, and flood damage, will also lessen soil evitable results of unmanaged graz- once formed, they are ready to fun- erosion, and therefore decrease the ing or carelessness with fire. With nel the water of the next storm down amount of silt being carried into deteriorated plant cover, floods can the slopes. Terrace trenches are water storage reservoirs. We can- be expected with the occurrence of employed to break up such a gully not afford a type of land manage- intense storms on the damaged area. system and to hold the water from ment that in fifty to seventy-five

Long years of careful study and torrential storms until it percolates years reduces grazing capacity, pro- repeated measurements of run-off into the soil. duces destructive stream flow, and from plots, together with many in- On areas with a plant cover any- lessens the storage capacity of vital filtration studies on sites with dif- where near normal, however, the first reservoirs.

450 THE IMPROVEMENT ERA : :

THE CHURCH MOVES ON- lellNIKRSP 100 lean Maof By ALBERT L. ZOBELL, JR. By DR. FRANKLIN S. HARRIS, JR.

"VSThen the Pioneers arrived in Utah "A Staff for Old Glory" How beautiful upon the mountains are the in 1847, they were to make their feet of him that bringeth good tidings, that \X embers of the Mormon Battalion, home on an old lake bed. Lake Bonne- publisheth peace; that hringeth good tidings who built Fort Moore in Los An- ville once covered nearly twenty thou- of good, that publisheth salvation; that saith geles, were dispatched to the San Ber- sand square miles of western Utah, unto Zion, Thy God reigneth! nardino Mountains, with some others, Thy watchman shall lift up the voice; and near-by sections of Nevada and to fell the tallest trees that they could with the voice together shall they sing: for Idaho. find for a flagpole, so that Fort Moore they shall see eye to eye, when the Lord could be appropriately dedicated in shall bring again Zion. (Isaiah 52:7, 8.) of In- HThe maximum fixed water level of Los Angeles' first observance dependence Day, 4, 1847. At Fort Bridger Lake Bonneville, the Bonneville July long time passed before they re- "Dort Bridger was reached by the Pio- level, was about one thousand feet A turned, and the authorities were visibly neers 7, 1847. In the words above the present Great Salt Lake and on July Finally a large cloud of dust Pratt would cover the homes of about ninety worried. of Orson seen old Mission and percent of the present inhabitants of was on the Road soon much creaking and groaning and Bridger's post consists of two adjoining Utah, with the Temple Square in Salt small picket music was heard. It was the flagpole log houses, dirt roofs, and a Lake City under 850 feet of water. set in ground about eight caravan, returning with two tree trunks, yard of logs the the lake reached its When maximum feet high. The number of men, squaws, and one about ninety feet long, the other extent, after rising from the Bonneville half-breed children in those and other lodges about seventy-five feet, mounted on the level, it started to overflow through the [near-by, belonging to the Snake Tribe] axles of twelve cartetas (two-wheeled north end of Cache Valley, through may be about 50 or 60. I took some astro-

carts ) . Each tree trunk was hauled by Swan Lake Pass where the Union nomical observations, which gave for the twenty yoke of oxen with an Indian Pacific Railroad now runs, and into latitude of the post, 41 degrees, 19 minutes, driver for each ox. the Snake, then the Columbia River and 13 seconds. By a means of two barometri- were singing a song observations taken on the 7th and 8th, into the Pacific Ocean. The river The Mormons cal party fought with the calculated height above the level of the rapidly channeled down four hundred of Zion. The had hostile Indians. Thus was the staff for sea was 6,665 feet. The distance from the feet until it reached a hard limestone Old Glory accompanied to Los An- South Pass is 109H miles. Mosquitoes very level, the Provo level, the same eleva- numerous and troublesome. geles. trunks, spliced, made a tion as Provo city, and the bench on Two flagpole 150 feet high. which the State Capitol rests. The At Fort Bridger some of the brethren campuses of Brigham Young Univer- succeeded in trading for buckskins to "The First Sabbath" sity, University of Utah, and Utah replace their worn-out clothing. 'TpHE Pioneers came together in a wor- State Agricultural College are also shipful mood that pleasant Sunday located on the Provo level. "And They Were Gathering" morning of 1847, at ten o'clock, July 25, An approximation has been made of in the circle of their encampment. There the number of Church members they were successively addressed by T ater evaporation exceeded the water and their location, as the year 1847 Elders George A. Smith, Heber C. intake until the lake shrunk to the closed: Kimball, of the present Great Salt Lake, which now and Ezra T. Benson Council of the Twelve. speakers Great Salt Lake Valley 1,900- 2,000 evaporates about five feet of water The all expressed gratification at the pros- Winter Quarters, Nebraska, from its surface each year. pects before them, and were well satis- and vicinity 5,000- 8,000 fied with the country to which they had Mount Pisgah, Iowa 1,000- 2,000 Garden Grove, Iowa 500- 1,000 Ceveral levels, in particular, the high- come. Elder Smith spoke on building Lee County, Iowa 500- 1,000 est or Bonneville level and the Provo a temple in the tops of the mountains. Nauvoo, Illinois, and vicinity.. 100- 200 Elder Kimball referred specifically to level, can be seen as benches running St. Louis, Missouri 200- 300 manifold blessings with the around the base of the mountains where the which Eastern states (scattered) 5,000-10,000 the lake shore was for long periods. brethren had been favored during their Southern states (scattered).... 2,000- 3,000 The first complete exploration of Great travels. Not a man, woman, or child California: Salt Lake was made by a party under had died during the journey. In the aft- Mormon Battalion at San Captain Howard Stansbury in 1 849-50, ernoon the whole congregation partook Diego 80 and of Lake Bonneville by G. K. Gil- of the sacrament of the Lord's supper Mormon Battalion at Sut- ter's Mill 120 bert whose work was published in 1 890. for the first time in the valley, and the people were addressed by Wilford Brooklyn (Sam Brannan's) company and scattered.... 200 Woodruff, Orson Pratt, and Willard Great Britain: pN route to the valley of the Great Richards. Although still feeble with England 10,000 Salt Lake, the Pioneers were en- mountain fever and hardly able to stand Wales 1,900 Bridger's still couraged by James report, as on his feet, President Young was Scotland 2,000 recorded by William Clayton, of "plen- the lawgiver, giving advice on living in Ireland 40 ty of timber on all the streams and the land. were new Remarks also made Society Islands 2,000 mountains and abundance of fish in the by Lorenzo D. Young, John Pack, and Worldwide (scattered) 4,160 streams," and around Utah Lake others. Elder Pratt spoke from the "plenty of good grass." text Totals 36,700-48,500

JULY 1947 451 oman 5 IN THE FORWARD

ho shall say who played the most im- of Jennette Evans who married David Mc- portant part in the hundred years that Kay. They had settled in Huntsville, Utah, have passed since the Pioneers en- where she bore him ten children. When they tered the valley of the Great Salt Lake? had only five of their ten children, the dread Men's names come immediately to mind be- disease of diphtheria spread through the cause their work is that of recorded history. valley and the surrounding towns. More than The story of the women behind those men twenty young people died in Huntsville is rarely told and more rarely recorded. And alone, among this number two of the McKay yet behind nearly every man whose name children, little girls aged eleven and nine. assumed greatness stands a woman whose Shortly after this tragedy struck, Brother untold power helped make him what he be- McKay received a call to go on a mission.

came. That he wanted to fill the call goes without Women endured the rigors of the trail saying, but he felt that he must ask for a along with the men, and in addition gave birth stay of a year at least, since his wife was to children who would bear the heritage of expecting a new baby in addition to having faith. And this ordeal occurred under almost three small children of seven, five, and three every variety of circumstances imaginable, years to wait upon. except those to which the women had previ- When Brother McKay told his wife that ously been accustomed. he was going to ask for a year's time before Edward Tullidge reports, "Fancy may find he fulfilled his mission, she said firmly, abundant subject for graphic story of the de- "David, the Lord wants you now, not a year votion, the suffering, the matchless heroism from now, and he can take care of me just of the sisters, in the telling incident that nine as well when you're in Scotland as he can children were born to them the first night they if you are at my bedside. You go now." And 1 camped on Sugar Creek, February 5, 1846." he went and filled a glorious mission. The Eliza R. Snow is quoted by Mr. Tullidge: fact nonetheless remains that it was the cour- "Many of our sisters walked all day, rain or age and faith of his wife that aided him in shine, and at night prepared suppers for their making a successful mission possible. families with no sheltering tents, and then The greatness of Jennette Evans Mc- made their beds in and under the wagons that Kay is typical of the greatness of most contained their earthly all. How frequently, Latter-day Saint women, since they believe

with intense sympathy and admiration, I implicitly that the part they play in rearing watched the mother, when, forgetful of her worthy, upright children who are a strength own fatigue and destitution, she took un- to the community in which they live as well wearied pains to fix up, in a most palatable as to the Church itself is the most important form, the allotted portion of food, and as she contribution they can possibly make. dealt it out was cheering the hearts of her Woman's first concern must ever be the

homeless children, while, as I truly believed, home, for without it all civilization will fail, her own was lifted to God in fervent prayer and if civilization fails, the Church itself can- that their lives might be preserved, and, above not survive. Hence, it is of no small impor- all, that they might honor him in the religion tance that the General Authorities stress the for which she was an exile from the home need for women to train themselves for wife- once sacred to her, for the sake of those hood and motherhood as the greatest of all precious ones that God had committed to her careers. Through motherhood women make their most important contribution to the world as a whole and to the Church in particular. fulfil their destiny, their hus- A nother story of somewhat later years may When women bands become respected members of the also indicate the qualities of the mothers community, doing their work well and giving "in Israel." It is but one incident in the life of their time and energy to improve the con- 1 Edward Tullidge. The Women Mormondom, 1877, of p. 304 ditions of the place in they dwell; their ''Ibid., p. 312 which

452 O^ X^i THE IMPROVEMENT ERA )

MARCH OF THE CHURCH B^ Wa,L CJo^U,

ASSOCIATE EDITOR, THE IMPROVEMENT ERA >v< AND MEMBER Y.W.M.I.A. GENERAL BOARD V children become respected members of their "meet" means suitable, fitting, and they are school and neighborhood and Church com- content.* munities—and grow to a well-adjusted ma- turity, keeping so busy in wholesome activity HPo enumerate the great women of the indulge in that they have no time to those Church, either past or present, would of to make delin- actions which would tend them necessity be to eliminate many whose names quent. may shine with equal luster. But the names to Latter-day Saints the foremost Thus of all of them will probably never be known. of all time is the concern of women welfare Their deeds have transferred themselves into of those in their homes, the greatest ideal and the lives of those whom they have touched, for Latter-day Saint women consists in the but their stories have passed into the shadow fk £& rearing of respectable, God-fearing families. of oblivion, from which it may be impossible But there are those, even among Latter-day to resurrect their deeds until the last judg- ;&> marry, Saints, who perhaps may not or, hav- ment day when the unknown shall be known ing married, may unfortunately be denied the and the unhonored, honored. right of motherhood. They have great capa- Women have entered successfully into bilities which turned to use can help other most, if not all, the fields into which men have ^£5» mothers probably not so gifted. Many of these entered. To each of these professions women women labor as teachers, as social workers, have made their own particular and peculiar as nurses, as writers; and their abilities, their contributions. In the early days when the Vi& aptitudes help better the community through throes of childbirth were so stark and tragic the sublimation of their mother love, which that even strong men quailed before the or- being denied the logical culmination in physi- deal, woman's humanitarian qualities came to cal motherhood, impels them to become moth- the front to make her do that which she could ers of the community. to ease her sisters' suffering and curtail the There are other women whose abilities have infant mortality which had reached such stag- made it possible for them to rear their own Si gering proportions. children well and still have enough energy Even at the time when doctoring con- and capability to turn their minds to other was sidered exclusively a man's field, activities outside the four walls of their homes, Brigham Young "called" certain women to enter this to the benefit of the world and the lasting field. In a conference session of satisfaction of the women themselves. The 1873, Presi- dent Young stated, among other things: "If classic example from Biblical times is Deborah some women had the who originated, so far as we know, the proud privilege of studying, they would make as good mathematicians as title, "a mother in Israel." Deborah^ un- any man. believe that doubtedly was a most gifted woman, in addi- We women are useful not only to houses, tion to being a mother, for the Bible records, sweep wash dishes and raise babies, but that they "And Deborah, a prophetess, the wife of should study law

8 .,.;, or physics. . . . Lapidoth, she judged Israel at that time." The time has come for women to come forth as doctors in these val- The Latter-day Saint women recall with leys of the mountains. ..." What that call a great deal of, pride that in a time when wom- meant, only the women themselves tell en were considered as chattel by most coun- could pioneering into a man's field, leaving home tries of the world, and Blackstone tried to — and loved ones in order to follow the profes- assure this inferior position to women, the sion to which they wished to dedicate their Church of Jesus Christ accorded woman a lives. In the medical schools of the East, these place with man, recognizing that without

( Continued on page 454 woman man could not attain his full stature. ^Territorial Secretary S. A. Mann, acting recall also that governor of Utah, They when the Lord created signed the enfranchisement bill in February 1870, which assured women the right Eve he said, "I will make him an help meet to vote. However, prior to that time the Church had granted women an equal voice in decisions pertaining to community and Church affairs, for him." And the definition of the word for they had been allowed to vote in all matters from the time of the organization of the Church. In Utah from July 1S47 women enjoyed this right until March 1849, when it sJudges 4:4 was withdrawn.

9 r ^ &» y s&

JULY 1947 WOMAN'S PLACE IN THE FORWARD MARCH OF THE CHURCH (Continued from page 453) lished, forerunner to the W. H. present women have been interested women were looked down upon as Groves' Latter-day Saint Hospital in music, some making it a career, something less than women so to and the Idaho Falls Hospital. others being content to enjoy its cul- demean themselves as to enter tural influence in their homes or com- schools where heretofore only male ''"Poday many spiritual descendants munities. been in attendance. is students had of those early women doctors Emma Lucy Gates Bowen an Back home again, they had often have entered into the nursing profes- unusual example of the importance to themselves doc- life. defend from men sion; and during the war some of of music in a woman's Trained tors of their faith decried opera own who them have served in the Pacific in Germany as a concert and women's following so unusual a while others served in Europe as singer, and being for years a mem- profession. But women's hearts were well as in the United States. The ber of the Royal Opera Company tender toward those who suffered, heritage of courage and humanitar- of Germany, she ultimately gave up and they resolved to temper that suf- ianism made them valiant in the a promising career to become the fering to the best of their innate cause of suffering mankind, wher- wife of Elder Albert E. Bowen of sympathy and their careful training. ever they might be called to serve. the Council of the Twelve. Today Their to hearts refused harbor the While their names may not assume she is giving of. the wealth of her thought that disease and death such gigantic proportions as those background to further the cause of should strike innocent mothers and attained in the earlier day when in music among the young folk of her children. They studied diligently the desert withdrawal of the pio- community. methods for curtailing epidemics neers, the efforts were phenomenal, Of unusual interest is the fact that and fighting contagion. Among those the early of still these modern young women de- women Mormondom who pioneered in this field many serve much credit. Today, they have established periodicals which tended names shine with glory: Dr. Ro- returned to the world, giving in full to awaken the women of the Church mania Pratt Penrose, Maggie Shipp, measure good for the evil that their to significant events and principles. Mattie Hughes Cannon, Jane Man- ancestors received. And, for the The Women's Exponent was first ning Skolfield, in addition to others most part, even while living in the published June 1, 1872, and remain- whose stories are replete with mean- in publication until world, they are not of it. They are ed February ingful drama. retaining the vigor and sweetness of 1914. This magazine satisfied a real their ideals and standards as Latter- need among Latter-day Saint women In addition to their pursuit of medi- day Saint women. at the same time that it afforded cine as a profession, their human- them an opportunity to do creative itarian ideals impelled them to try work both for their own pleasure and to establish a hospital that they that of others. The Relief Society might better care for those who Magazine was first published Jan- needed help. Their recognition of uary 1915, and has been in constant the authority of the priesthood over- publication since. It has been a great shadowed all their actions. Zina force in the education of the women Diantha Huntington Young told of the Church. President Taylor as she, with other The Young Woman's Journal, leading women, made their plea for founded by Susa Young Gates as a the establishment of the hospital: literary outlet for the young women "President Taylor, we realize that of the Church and later presented without the sanction of the priest- to the Young Women's Mutual hood no project undertaken by the Improvement Association, was first women of the Church could succeed, published in October 1889, and let alone such a serious one as the continued until November 1929,

establishment of a hospital." when it was combined with The Im- That has been the position of the provement Era, and the two became Church ever since. n the field of letters and the arts of utmost importance to the young women of the I people of the Church. Even if, at times, women feel that the Mormon women are certainly de- brethren are not doing all that they serving of honor. At a time when The importance of the women's might to assure women of their women in other parts of the world organizations can hardly be over- rightful position in the Church, one were so dubious about appearing un- estimated. The Relief Society stead- sanctioned by both the Prophet Jo- der their own names that they as- ily encourages women to improve seph Smith and Brigham Young, sumed men's names when they themselves. Their outlines for les- they are willing to accept what the wrote, Eliza R. Snow was publish- son work, in addition to the excep- brethren say and abide by their de- ing poetry that stirred the hearts of tional stories, poems, and articles cision, since they recognize fully the men and women. Emma Smith, wife that appear in The Relief Society power of the priesthood, although of the Prophet, was collecting at the Magazine afford a new outlook on they cannot help praying for the Prophet's express request, the life, if women will avail themselves time when men will openly recognize hymns of Zion that all, men and of the opportunity of attending the women's worth and work. women alike, might sing praises to meetings. The Young Women's The Deseret Hospital was estab- their Creator. From that time to the Mutual Improvement Association 454 THE IMPROVEMENT ERA :

WOMAN'S PLACE IN THE CHURCH (D&Wl $fafflWL: lives to what its name implies—and who will assume stature when time gives a point of view on recreation has given a true perspective to their that is better than that held by the achievements. A full hundred years have pioneers world, if only the young women will The challenge for the women of passed since the first Mormon turned resolutely westward to establish attend and follow the suggestions the Church is as great today as was new homes. Theirs was a high pur- given. The Primary organization that which faced the early-day pio- pose: not merely to live, but to live was instituted by the love that Au- neer women of the Church. Impor- their religion, to worship God in peace. relia Spencer Rogers felt for chil- tant frontiers still wait to be new They attained that goal, the women no dren who needed wholesome activity conquered by the courageous de- less than the men, and are remembered and religious training during the scendants of the Pioneer woman. reverently for it. week in addition to the teaching These new problems lie well within I wonder what those noble women they were getting on Sunday. a woman's sphere: the brotherhood would think of the girls of 1947. Have The women of earlier times are of man, because man does not sense basic ideals of our sex really changed? easily recognized for their greatness the full import of this belief; world I think not, but on the contrary I believe Eliza R. Snow, Bathsheba W. Smith, peace, because man has a combative that you are, at your best, just as fine Emmeline B. Wells, Zina D. H, nature that the mothers of men must as the wives and daughters of a century Young, Lulu Green Richards, Susa sublimate to good; and the father- ago. The temptations to be resisted, Young Gates, Elmina S. Taylor, hood of God, for women as the chil- the obstacles to be overcome in achiev- Lillie T. Freeze, and countless other dren's earliest teachers have the ing womanly ideals have multiplied and are, perhaps, more difficult than former- stalwart builders of righteousness; golden opportunity to lay this foun- ly, since they are more subtle. Still today it is not so easy to single out dation securely in the hearts and each generation has its ordeals; it can those who have achieved. We are minds of the new generation. meet them successfully, if it only will. too close to the work that is going We women of today must not fail You are trying, and I am sure you will forward to see the individuals dare not fail— foremothers. who — our succeed. There is too much at stake are most responsible for its success. And if we do not fail, our descend- ever to fail. However, we may rest assured that ants can be as proud of us as we are You have been told by your elders the future generations will find proud of our mothers and grand- that the path of safety hfs in being true among the women of today many mothers. to your pioneer heritage. What did pioneer women have that made them worthy of emulation? Much! One price- OUR STRENGTH AND GUIDANCE less possession of theirs was unbounded faith in God, and his purposes. Their (Concluded from page 439) er; objectives are higher; and hopes daily lives were shaped and ennobled A basic doctrine of the Holy and aspirations unexcelled. Higher by that faith. Another quality was the Priesthood is that "men are saved no moral principles do not exist than will to serve others. They, in addition, faster than they get knowledge," those taught the Saints. Nowhere are were patient and brave. and that "the glory of God is intel- there greater incentives to resist evil, ligence." This concept has con- and to maintain wholesome social "Dioneer women were homemakers. tributed much and may well account relationships. There are people no Though living in log cabins, they for the many educational pursuits of with greater incentive for righteous- kept them clean and cheery. They the Latter-day Saints. It has influ- ness nor obligations so to live and were noted for hospitality. They were enced the framing of state laws with serve. helpmates to their husbands. They respect to public instruction. There reared families, large families, and \\7hat priesthood has done these has been an ardent enthusiasm in taught their children "to pray and to in lives, fam- every frontier of the Saints to estab- hundred years the walk uprightly before the Lord." They ilies, communities of Saints, lish places of learning. and the were good cooks and adept at home These people have been taught the it can also do for communities of nursing. They learned how to make a Nations, little go a long way. difference between "priesthood" and nations. however, must be willing to abide by priesthood prin- "priestcraft." Knowing that priest- Those women were your anteced- ciples of justice, equality, and right. hood powers are "controlled . . . only ents; in any case, you have fallen heir, the world escape the upon the principles of righteousness" That may to their faith. It is a precious heritage, men ordained thereto are under wrath to come, the Lord, has sent and you must cherish it and add to it. forth his warning cry, that all who The world rewards women whose bus- covenant to be "honest, true, chaste, will hear hear. iness or professional careers are bril- benevolent, virtuous, and in doing may liant, but it reveres most and will re- good to all men," and to seek after Prepare ye, prepare ye for that which is member longest the women who per- to come, for the Lord is nigh; the all things "virtuous, lovely, or of And sonify anew for their generation the anger of the Lord is kindled, and his sword good report or praiseworthy." They is bathed in heaven, and it shall fall upon noblest traditions of motherhood. if is are also taught that priesthood the inhabitants of the earth. exercised in "any degree of unright- the arm of the Lord shall be revealed; And Sincerely, eousness," its powers are lost to the and the day cometh that they who will not individual. hear the voice of the Lord, neither the voice of his servants, neither give heed to the Under priesthood influence, homes words of the prophets and apostles, shall ;cj. are happier; lives are more abun- JlS)Jl*4. r^k be cut off from among the people. (D. & C. ^ dantly lived; opportunities are great- 1:12-14.)

JULY 1947 455 Marriage AND THE

<=>Latter-dau S^aint ^jramilv f y

By ROY A. WEST RESEARCH DIRECTOR, L.D.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

writings of the most brilliant minds or turn to the great expounders of correct thinking without discovering the truth contained in the spiritual meaning of a Latter-day Saint marriage. A Latter-day Saint couple who gaze upon the spires of a great temple, which reach heavenward, have a spiritual thrill vibrate through their souls. If they enter that temple, built to him who controls the destinies of men and women, their love may be consummated into a beautiful union that will endure forever. Time will not dim their love, and eternity will permit continual happiness to come into their companionship. — Photograph by Harold M. Lambert A sincere Latter-day Saint couple want their marriage solemnized by fE modify the style of our one who holds the authority to bind houses, make our wearing their sacred vows for immortal en- apparel more attractive, in- durance. They yearn to kneel at the crease our speed of travel, prolong altar in the temple of their God and life, reduce the ravages of disease, hear the one officiating say: "... I and modernize most of our physical pronounce you husband and wife for conveniences; but we cannot change time and for all eternity." As they that human longing of love between arise and embrace each other, a real- a man and a woman. Through the ization comes to them of the cove- centuries of man's existence almost nant they have made to honor, re- all things have been changed, but spect, and cherish the noblest ideals the human emotion of love in men in religion. They also resolve to and women continues to seek an ex- live these virtues in their newly pression of lasting endurance. Sor- formed companionship. No trace of row, distress, bewilderment, and selfishness, deceit, or hypocrisy has even a loss of the worth-whileness of enduring ideals of life. Do the phi- been brought into this holy place. life comes to him who experiences losophies of men give a satisfaction Their lives have been purified by failure in holding the love of the one to these young hearts? Does religion the refining influence of the Spirit of whom he cherishes most dearly. give them an anchor to their new- God. Doubt and uncertainty con- Those who find complete realization found love? These young people are cerning their love for each other does in the love of an esteemed person not grasping for that which passes not transgress the sacred edifice make a discovery of new-found hap- away, but for that which survives which hallows an influence of com- piness and exultation that excels hu- and becomes more beautiful as the plete trust, confidence, and unfailing man expression. years come and go. love. When a young man looks into the Over a century ago a young A marriage solemnized in such a smiling eyes of a charming young prophet received a most inspiring spiritual atmosphere will impress a lady, and their hearts respond—how truth that has given greater stability young couple with the divine, oppor- can they seal that love so it will en- and endurance to human love than tunity that .they possess in starting dure eternally? That is the yearn- any contribution during our modern a Latter-day Saint family. Their ing of young people who cherish the era. You may search throughout the ( Continued on page 485 } 456 THE IMPROVEMENT ERA. 8°

8=1 I

(ft**

o e

ft] ft :f H

©IWTO SMPPOVtIKfHT OtA ft]

o o

Q RED SERVICE iiWrrlw

Dmj ^Jirchibaid ^jr. i5ennett GENERAL SECRETARY OF THE he Utah Pioneers of 1847 GENEALOGICAL SOCIETY OF Clearly the thought of a temple were no ordinary pioneers. THE CHURCH OF JESUS CHRIST was the first thought in the minds of OF LATTER-DAY SAINTS Others before them had set- the pioneers in those early days, tled the waste places and made the TV lthough they were pioneering in desert to blossom. As they gazed hopefully on their new domain, other a unique field, their objective in building settlers of the frontier had dreamed temple was and still is stag- gering in its of the establishment of homes and magnitude. Not only churches, hospitals and schools and would they build one temple but also bridges, and of thriving industries literally thousands of them. This objective was no less than and fertile farmlands. All these aims to place salvation within the were in the hearts of the Utah pio- reach of all mankind, living and dead. neers—and more. Unique with them, Mission- aries should go forth to teach the among all the peoples of the world, living, and in temples the was their cherished objective to Saints would perform for their build temples and officiate therein worthy dead saving ordinances which the for their departed kindred. dead could not perform for themselves. It is highly significant that their The grandeur of that conception first thought on entering the valley may be read in these words of Brig- was of temples and temple service. ham Young: Wilford Woodruff, one of the foremost Pioneers, wrote in his Journal of their joy at the first glimpse from the mouth of Emigration Canyon:

Thoughts of pleasant meditation ran in Top: An early view of the temple grounds. rapid succession through our minds at the The tabernacle may be anticipation that not many years hence the seen in the background. House of God would be established in the mountains and exalted above the hills, while the valleys would be converted into orchards, vineyards, fields, etc., planted with cities, and the standard of Zion be unfurled unto which the nations would gather.1

The first sermon delivered in the valley on the forenoon of July 25, 1847, by Elder George A. Smith was "a very interesting discourse" on the building of a temple in the tops of the mountains.

The very first building planned was the temple. Four days after his arrival, President Young struck his Bottom: Looking east cane to the ground and declared, from the temple as it neared completion. "Here we will build the temple of our God." That same day he and his brethren of the Twelve selected the area for what is now Temple Square upon which to erect the temple of the Lord. To quote again from Elder Woodruff's Journal: City Creek ) , when President Young waved ... I want to see the temple built in a his hands and said, "Here is the forty manner that it will endure through the mil- acres for the temple" (we had conversed lennium. This is We walked from the north camp to about not the only temple we the subject of the the center between the two creeks (forks of upon Uocation of the shall build; there will be hundreds of them temple this).2 preyious to built and dedicated to the Lord. . . . And Rowley, Matthias F., Life of Wilford Woodruff, p. ' 2Wilforcl Woodruff's . Journal, 313 . „ .... July 28. 1847 {Continued on page 462) JULY 1947 461 A CENTURY OF SACRED SERVICE

(Continued from page 461) . . . we will be baptized for and in behalf And through the millennium, the thou- when the millennium is over, and all the of the human family during a thousand sand years that the people will love and sons of Adam and Eve, down to the last years; and we will have hundreds of tem- serve God, we will build temples and offi- of their posterity, who come within the ples and thousands of men and women of- ciate therein for those who have slept for reach of the clemency of the gospel, have ficiating therein for those who have fallen hundreds and thousands of years—those been redeemed in hundreds of temples, asleep, without having the privilege of who would have received the truth if they through the administration of their children hearing and obeying the gospel, that they had the opportunity; and we will bring them 1 as proxies for them, I want that temple still may be brought forth and have a glorious up and form the entire chain back to Adam. to stand as a proud monument of the faith, resurrection, and enjoy the kingdom which 5 Such was the blueprint for temple perseverance and industry of the Saints of God has prepared for them. God in the mountains, in the nineteenth cen- To accomplish this work there will have building and the administration of 3 tury. to be not only one temple but thousands of temple ordinances on a vast scale. When the ordinances are carried out in them, and thousands and tens of thousands the temples that will be erected, men will of men and women will go into those tem- Cince 1847, eight temples have be sealed to their fathers, and those who ples and officiate for people who have lived been built, dedicated, and are in 4 8 have slept, clear up to Father Adam. as far back as the Lord shall reveal. 1Ibid., p. 619 s Discourses o} Brigham Young, 1925 ed. ( p. 605 *Ibid., p. 615 Hbid., p. 613 mid., p. 604

SAYS

"Recently the Newmont

Mining Company, one of

the nation's larger mining

companies, announced its

intention of developing

certain mineral ground in Utah. We should encour-

age more outside capital

to take a hand in develop-

ment of our resources. For

each dollar of ore pro-

duced, 90c stays in Utah."

A birthday is doubly an occasion when you make your remembrance

a box of Glade's beautifully packaged

Chocolates. Choose the brand that

subtly says, "You're the best!" METAL MINING INDUSTRY OF UTAH

IF IT'S GLADE'S IT'S COOto aaaaaaaa^aaaa*

11^ USE for OVER FIFTY YEARS Aids in treatment of Canker, simple sore throat and other minor mouth CHOCOLATES and throat irritations. 01*' tlAUt CANUI tUMfftNl • JAM IAIU Gift. HALLS REMEDY Salt Lake City, Utah

462 THE IMPROVEMENT ERA ) "

A CENTURY OF SACRED SERVICE HOTEL LANKERSHIM 7th 1 110 HI WAY service, at a cost of some millions of society today, and over thirteen hun- MODERATE RATES L. D S. Headquarters in Los Angeles dollars. Nearly forty million ordi- dred manuscripts. FRANK R. WISHON Operator RAY H. BECKETT. Manager nances have been administered in Then came the day of the micro- LOS ANGELES them, for the living or for the dead, films. 'TWf fEKONS — ONE CMRCf including about twelve million en- Our Genealogical Society was one dowments, fourteen million baptisms of the foremost pioneers in the and eight million sealings. this And microfilming of records of genealog- amid sacrifice and hardship while the ical value. In 1938-1939 records of Saints were relatively poor and few the various temples prior to 1900 in numbers. were filmed in the archives of these Other temples are in prospect at temples. Many aging volumes of ADDS SPICY FLAVOR Los Angeles and Oakland, where ward, branch, and quorum records in sites have been selected. At the dedi- the Church Historian's office were to HAMBURGERS cation of the Idaho Falls Temple in next reproduced on microcopy. 1945, President George Albert Since that time numerous micro- Smith declared the Church would film records have been added to the continue to build temples until the society's library—three quarters of Lord says we have enough. a million pages from Tennessee, over One hundred years ago genealog- a million pages from North Carolina, ical activity, here and abroad, was about seventy-eight thousand pages in its infancy. Fewer than forty from Georgia, and a vast number family genealogies had been printed from counties adjacent to Philadel- in America. Today these number phia. A large collection of Lutheran many thousands, and in certain sec- Church records have been copied at tions of our country almost every the Lutheran Theological Seminary family has its printed genealogy. in Mt. Airy, Philadelphia; and an- The tendency to print such volumes other choice collection of German is ever on the increase. Reformed Church records in Lan- Only one historical and genealog- caster, Pennsylvania. We are pre- ical society had been organized in paring to copy concentrated collec- the world at that time. Today these tions of Quaker, Baptist, Methodist, are exceedingly numerous and active and Presbyterian records. Last year and influential. These societies as we copied the ancient records of the well as public libraries have on their San Gabriel Mission and of the Old shelves a copious collection of fam- Plaza Church in Los Angeles. The ily genealogies and histories of Lutheran and Reformed church rec- places. Family organizations • ords were mostly in German; and the abound. Ancestral research is well (Continued on page 491 on the way to becoming one of the major activities of peoples.

The Pioneers in 1 847 and for long years afterwards had no genealogi- IT'S A FACT that there are more cal libraries at hand, and countless miles and long, wearisome travel separated them from the source ma- HAMMOND ORGANS terials in the homeland of their forefathers. Yet courageously they em- in LD.S. Chapels than any others— barked upon that immense task marked out so clearly for them by BECA USE their leaders. First, they administered temple ordinances for their more Take up very Cost so little for 1 little room use immediate relatives known to them. 3 Then, gradually, one family after Never need Easy to play another found printed family his- 4 tuning tories compiled by more distant rela- Coll or Write tives in the East. With the estab- Us lishment of the Genealogical Society of Utah in 1894, the gathering of OLEN BROS. MUSIC CO. published records of forefathers was Established 1907 greatly accelerated. About thirty- four thousand printed genealogical SALT LAKE OGDEN volumes are upon the shelves of the

JULY 1947 463 RMONS ILDING

exploration and colonization from the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific Coast. The intermountain west was not only to be explored, but also on July 25, the day following his arrival in the Salt Lake Valley, Brigham Young outlined to the people a definite policy which would be followed in distributing land to them. He "said that no man who came here should buy land; that he had none to sell; but every man should have his land measured out to him for city and farming purposes. He might till it as he pleased, but must be industri- 8 ous and take care of it." This policy assured an equitable distribution of land not only to the colonists who first arrived in Utah but also to those who had not yet migrated and even to those who had not yet been converted to Mormonism.

"Drigham Young and his associates determined to make the people self-supporting in every respect. In order to do this they had to foster many industries. Converts to Mor- monism, regardless of what part of the world they lived in, were advised to migrate to Utah and bring with them the best that the world pos- S the sun reached the zenith of journey's end. Speaking in their sessed. its daily course on July 24, terminology, they had at last found Mormon missionaries in foreign 1847, a group of weary trav- their "Promised Land"—a place in lands were also constantly reminded elers emerged from the mouth of which to establish "Zion." that they should be on the watch for Emigration Canyon and ascended a As Brigham Young and his peo- any new industry or invention that small knoll overlooking Salt Lake ple had in mind the building of a could be utilized by the Saints and Valley. This was the Pioneer com- large Mormon commonwealth in the for skilled workmen who could help pany, consisting of 148 people, rep- intermountain west, their first task establish those industries. resenting approximately 20,000 Lat- was to make a careful and complete The people followed the advice of ter-day Saints. The ox train paused exploration of the land in which they the leaders with the result that they for a few moments while the Pio- were to establish their homes. Presi- brought to the basin the choicest neers gazed upon the valley lying dent Young announced that his def- seeds and inventions that the world below them, the land which was to inite plans were "to have every hole had to offer. In early Utah history become their new home. and corner from the Bay of San many industrial enterprises were Then the party members moved Francisco to Salt Lake known to us tried, some successfully and others 1 slowly downward into the valley to [the Mormons]." Immediately ex- not so successfully. Among those the spot where Orson Pratt and his ploring parties were dispatched into industries were the following: the companions, who had been sent the mountains to determine the making of sugar from beets, the man- ahead as a vanguard company to amount of timber, water supply, and ufacture of iron, silk, wool, and select a site, were camped. President grazing lands. This activity was re- leather, and the raising of cotton, Young immediately informed Elder peated in every valley of the basin flax, grapes, grain, and livestock. In Pratt that he had selected the right as the Pioneers pushed the line of some of those industries, such as the of beets, spot on which to establish the settle- iWilford Woodruff, journal, July 28, 1847, cited manufacturing sugar from in Andrew Historical vol. 9, ment. The Saints had reached their Jenson, The Record, p. 81 , Vbid., p. 78 464 THE IMPROVEMENT ERA :

WEST % Wton le. Jlunter, PL 2>. OF THE FIRST COUNCIL OF THE SEVENTY

Excerpts from a paper given at the Fortieth Annual Meeting of the Mississippi Valley Association, April 24, 1947, at Columbus, Ohio.

Utah has played a conspicuous part t should be noted that Mormons I in American history and thereby has contributed to the early colonizing contributed to the building of the of California, Nevada, Idaho, Wyo- West. ming, Utah, and Arizona, and the end of their colonial efforts was in The greatest contribution of the Mexico and Canada. Today hun- Mormons, however, in the building dreds of communities in the inter- of the West was the colonizing of mountain west retain the character- an expansive region. While these istics implanted in them by Brigham frontiersmen were exploring, build- and his stalwart associates. ing homes and temples, and develop- Young Thus the opening of a vast portion ing industries, Brigham Young was the American to civiliza- to Salt Lake City. Also, in 1849- directing a systematically organized of West tion by sturdy Latter-day Saint 1850, they greatly increased the and thoroughly controlled colonizing frontiersmen was the paramount number of missionaries and extend- project. In fact, as soon as the Saints contribution made by this people in ed their activities. Heretofore prose- arrived in the Salt Lake Valley, Mor- the building of the West. lyting had been confined to the monism assumed the character of a The decision to settle such an ex- United States, Canada, and the great land-settlement enterprise. pansive territory was announced by British Isles; but within the next From Salt Lake City, where more Brigham Young soon after his ar- three or four years missionary work than two thousand colonists arrived rival in the Salt Lake Valley. As was opened throughout most of the during the summer of 1847, Mor- early as March 1849, the pioneers' world, and it has continued to the mon land settlement spread through- plans had begun to take definite present day. In one hundred years out the West. During the follow- shape with the establishment of the the Church has sent 51,622 mission- ing thirty years while Brigham "State of Deseret." Nature had pro- aries into the world to preach the Young was at the helm, colonies had vided a perfect geographic outline gospel, each going at his or her own been established from Fort Lemhi, for an immense commonwealth; expense and most of them remaining located on the Salmon River many President Brigham Young supplied away from home at least two full miles northward in Idaho, to Mesa the empire building genius to years. Regarding this work, Hubert in southern Arizona; and from Forts define and set claim to the land Howe Bancroft wrote Bridger and Supply in Wyoming at within those natural boundaries. the east, to Carson Valley in west- In their missionary adventures no sect "Deseret," as outlined by its ern Nevada and San Bernardino, was ever more devoted, more self-sacrific- constitution, was bounded on the ing, or more successful. The Catholic friars southern California, to the west. By east the Rocky Mountains, on the in their new-world excursions were not the time of Brigham Young's death by life, wealth, health, and south by Mexico, on the west by the more indifferent to in 1877, over three hundred sixty comfort, not more indifferent to scorn and Sierra Nevada, and on the north by permanent settlements had been insult, nor more filled with high courage and the Columbia River watershed. It the Mormon this broad expanse lofty enthusiasm, than were made throughout 3 included a substantial strip of sea- elders in their old-world enterprises. of territory. Shortly following his coast with at least two good seaports death, many of the polygamists and HPhe founders of Utah, while build- —San Pedro and San Diego. Des- their families migrated southward to ing homes, developing farms, erts, mountains, and rivers provided Mexico and others northward to and establishing a government for a fairly secure barricade—one with Canada, as a result of the troubles themselves, fostered art, drama, and few pregnable spots. Here was the between the Saints and the music for the social development of maximum of seclusion and protec- United States government over the the people. The children were train- tion. doctrine of plural marriage. Thus ed in music, and most of the pioneer In order to accomplish the purpose Mormon colonization was expanded communities had their separate of gathering Israel and building up to foreign countries, and the Saints bands. Each town built its own the- the West, the Church leaders again opened new frontiers to land ater and had its local dramatic as- planned to increase missionary ac- settlement; the principal community sociation. The Salt Lake Theater, tivities and then to expedite the emi- established in Cardston. completed in 1862, was the most Canada was gration of the converts to Utah. famous of these early-day structures. The refugees who fled to Mexico Since the western frontier was an settled in Sonora and Chihuahua. ideal place in which to gather Israel, Several Latter-day Saint towns re- they sent word for all Church mem- ^Hubert Howe Bancroft, History of Utah. 1540-1886, main today in Canada and Mexico. bers throughout the world to hasten p. 398

JULY 1947 465 ) :

THE MORMONS IN THE BUILDING OF THE WEST

Concluded from page 465 ( In conclusion, let us summarize a Thousands of colonists were erected on the frontier so soon after few of the outstanding contributions brought to the Great Basin as a re- the arrival of the pioneers in Utah. of the Mormons in the building of sult of a worldwide proselyting M. B. Leavitt, the author of Fifty the West. Thousands of persecuted, campaign. Under the direction of Years of the American Stage, stated disheartened, devout religionists lo- Brigham Young and later leaders

At the time of its erection it was not cated in the heart of an uninviting this heterogeneous mass of humanity surpassed in magnitude, completeness, and desert country nearly one thousand was thoroughly Americanized. equipment by any other existing house. Its miles from any other settlement. Ex- Standing paramount among the stage, 150 feet deep, remains the most con- plorations of the entire West were contributions was the colonizing of spicuous of any in the country.* made to determine all the favorable a vast desert region extending from Throughout the entire course of sites for new colonies; and then bal- Canada to Mexico. Mormon history, Church members anced groups of industrial and agri- Temples and tabernacles, marvel- have held as one of their principle cultural workers were dispatched to ous for being built under pioneer tenets a high ideal regarding educa- found these new communities. The conditions, were erected for the edition. Such statements as the fol- Church officials allotted farming fying of the Saints, and the Salt lowing appear in early Church lands, city lots, and water holdings Lake Theater stood for nearly one literature: "A man is saved no fast- to the Saints; and they in turn con- hundred years as evidence of the 5 er than he gets knowledge," and tributed their share in influencing the high cultural tastes of the founders 8 "The glory of God is intelligence." irrigation policies and agricultural of Utah. The following are examples of practices of the arid West. The pio- Religion, art, drama, music, and many similar statements which Jo- neer leaders provided the people education were fostered for the so- seph Smith received through revela- with necessary equipment for their cial, spiritual, and cultural develop- tion from the Lord: "Study and economic independence and prosper- ment of the people. The result of learn, and become acquainted with ity as well as civil government and encouraging those finer arts of liv- all good books, and with languages, social institutions for their protec- ing for one hundred years has given 7 ". tongues, and peoples." Again . . tion, enjoyment, education, and well- to Utah an enviable position among seek ye diligently and teach one an- being. her sisters states. other words of wisdom; yea, seek ye out of the best books words of wisdom; seek learning even by study 8 and by faith." Having these maxims as their Salt guides, the settlers of Utah erected The Lake Tribune invites you to make use of

a schoolhouse as one of the first the services it extends to Utah's Centennial Visitors. buildings in each pioneer communi- At The Tribune, 145 South Main Street, you can get ty. In fact, at the same time that complete information on all Centennial events. they were constructing private dwellings, each group of colonists Tickets for principal events also are on sale here. erected through cooperative effort a In addition, The Tribune presents a magnificent 40- public hall which was used as a foot mural of Salt Lake Valley, the "This is the church, schoolhouse, and a place for Place" Monument, and the trek of the Pioneers to dance and drama. The first school in Utah was opened in an old mili- Utah. Six photographs of the Intermountain West,

tary tent in October 1 847, only two eight feet high, also await your pleasure. months after the Pioneers arrived in Salt Lake Valley. Even while these The Salt Lake Tribune extends you a cordial invi-

frontiersmen were struggling to con- tation to be its centennial guest. struct their first shelters, this school was conducted daily. Latter-day Saint colonizers were so concerned over the educational interests of the people that they had passed only one law in their legislative assembly before this one was enacted. It is claimed that the University of Des- eret (Utah) has the distinction of being the first institution of higher learning chartered west of the Mis- souri River.

4 Cited in Levi Edgar Young, The Founding of Utah, p. 339 B Joseph Fielding Smith, editor, Teachings of the Prophet Joseph Smith, p. 217 6Doctrine and Covenants 93:36 7Ibid„ 90:15 8Ibid., 88:118 466 THE IMPROVEMENT ERA ) —

SCIENCE CONFIRMS THE WORD OF WISDOM

if ( Concluded from page 43 1 tions, and saliva is responsible in Some have wondered wheat One of the causes of calcium great measure for protection of the were superior to rice, which is a prin- phosphorus imbalance is the use of mucous membranes against infec- cipal food of the millions of people any foods containing refined sugar tions. in Asia. But again the Word of 27 M and white flour. Our only dietary Books on modern dietetics favor Wisdom is confirmed. Wheat is 21 sugar source should be that found fresh fruits and vegetables. Leafy much superior to rice because of naturally in fresh foods. One may and green vegetables are important wheat's better balanced protein-to- 17 use fruits in season as a dessert. sources of Vitamin A. Potatoes, as carbohydrate ratio. Because of this During the past century, the per well as other starchy tubers, are excellent protein balance in wheat, capita use of sugar in the United some of our most economical sources people could live on one hundred States has increased over one thou- of carbohydrates, the energy foods. percent whole wheat alone for a long sand percent. Cancer, heart disease, They also furnish valuable vitamin time if necessary. Wheat is the best 84 9 and diabetes have made a corre- and mineral elements. grain for humans. sponding per capita increase. Amer- "... corn for the ox, and oats for icans have been attaining the title of '"The Word of Wisdom states that the horse" also has its confirmation 30 scientific writings. "sugar gluttons of the world." the flesh of beasts and fowls is in modern-day the "safest" of all grains to be used sparingly; especially is it Oats are to be used in winter, during famine, for horse feeding; they follow corn RECIPE greatest importance for or where it is cold. which is of 25 feeding stock. By Georgia Moore Eberling Eskimos are known to live largely on meats, fats, and fish. On moving And so today, a century after the 'ake any breezy summer day; to a southern climate, man feels the pioneers began to settle the beauti- (The wind should be quite warm) Be sure the skies are blue, not gray, need of changing to lighter food by ful Rocky Mountain valleys, the 19 And free from hint of storm. cutting down on meats and fats. Word of Wisdom is being confirmed Beat up a suds of frothy white, The diet of African natives who by the leading modern authorities in Then swish your blankets clean; Rinse till the colors glow new-bright, are practically free from many mod- toxicology, biochemistry, nutrition, Rose, orchid, blue, and green. ern-day diseases is almost devoid of and medicine. Then shake them out all fluffy-fine meat. Dr. Markham says the na- And hang a rainbow on the line! Those living the Word of Wis- tives don't average one meat meal a dom have a promise of protection month. from the "destroying angel." Dis- In the African interior where no During famine people survive by eases listed as causes of death and sugar or white flour are available, using up their own body proteins. It published annually by the United Dr. H. V. Markham of Long Beach, is then that meat helps them to sur- States Census Bureau reveal how California, reports that he gave over vive by rebuilding their body pro- this destroyer operates. The re-

1 1 3,000 medical treatments to na- teins. wards of health, wisdom, knowledge, tives in eight years and saw no cases Excessive meat restricts the intake hidden treasures of knowledge, and ' of diabetes at all, practically no heart of other needed foods. Expensive physical endurance, make it worth disease or high blood pressure, and meat cuts are also an uneconomical the effort. no cancer except that resulting from source of protein. The cuts usually campfire burns of the shins. of greatest value to man's diet are And I, the Lord, give unto them a prom- destroying angel shall pass by Steady and continuous improve- often the least costly. A meat diet ise that the them, as the children of Israel, and not slay of the alone is deficient in calcium and ment blood serum calcium them. Amen. (D. & C. 89:21.) phosphorus balance for periods of vitamins. four to six months in patients elimi- At times, meat may be a life- nating refined sugar and white flour saving element in the diet: for from their diets has been observed.*8 example, for patients who have per- During those months, various chron- nicious anemia, many of whom 21 ic diseases in the observed patients would die except for the use of liver. improved or entirely healed. Too much meat acts as a harmful Many people seldom eat fresh body stimulant and also produces fruit. Special emphasis should constipation and intestinal putrefac- be given to fresh citrus fruit and tion. Other good sources of protein tomatoes for their Vitamin C value, 84 are milk, eggs, fish, and grains. In and for their mild laxative effect and most parts of the world grains are bulky residue, especially when eaten the outstanding sources of food en- along with protein foods.83 ergy and of proteins.

Vegetables are also of great value "All grain is good for the food of in human nutrition. They furnish man . . . nevertheless, wheat for man with vitamins, minerals, carbo- man," suggests that wheat is man's hydrates, roughage, and even en- best grain food. That means one zymes. Raw turnips, for example, hundred percent whole wheat and contain lysozyme, the same enzyme not white flour. The latter is still which in human tears, nasal secre- devitalized even when enriched.

JULY 1947 467 First High Priests Quorum in this Dispensation

HPo establish the exact time of organ- The Calling of the rum of the Twelve, he turned to Elder ization, membership, and presi- Joseph Young and with an "earnest- dency in the first high priests quorum Twelve Apostles and ness" as though the vision of his mind is difficult, but from available sources was extended still further, he said: can be together pieced the fascinating the Seventies "Brother Joseph, the Lord has made story of its organization since the ordi- you President of the Seventies." On the nation of the first high priest in this dis- By President Levi Edgar Young 14th of February, the Quorum of the pensation at a conference held in Kirt- Of the First Council of the Seventy Twelve Apostles was duly organized, land, Ohio, 1831. June 3, whose mission was to go to all nations, From John Whitmer's history of the /^\N February 8, 1835, the Prophet Jo- kindreds, tongues, and people. Church, as contained in the Journal His- seph Smith called Elders Brigham The conference convened on Satur- tory under date of 3, 1831, is taken June Young and Joseph Young to his home day, February 28, when the first quo- the following excerpt: in Kirtland. He asked Brother Brigham rum of Seventy was appointed and or- Young to notify all the brethren living At this conference the following named dained under the hands of the Prophet. in the branches within reasonable dis- brethren were ordained to the High Priest- a Owing to the fact that in the original hood [high priests]; namely, Lyman Wight, tance to meet at a general conference First Council of the Seventy it was Sidney Rigdon, John Murdock, Reynolds on the following Saturday, February found that five of them were high Cahoon, Harvey Whitlock and Hyrum 14. The Prophet said, "I shall then and priests, these brethren were transferred Smith; they were all ordained by Joseph there appoint twelve special witnesses to the high priests quorum, and the final Smith, excepting Jun., Sidney Rigdon. The to open the door of the gospel to foreign organization of the First Council was following were ordained by Lyman Wight nations and you, Brother Brigham, will as follows: by commandment: Parley P. Pratt, Thomas be one of them." B. Marsh, Isaac Morley, Edward Partridge, Joseph Young After the Prophet had spoken in Joseph Wakefield, Ezra Thayre, Martin Levi W. Hancock reference to the duties of the new Quo- Harris, Ezra Booth, (who denied the faith), James Foster Harvey Whitlock (denied the faith); also Josiah Butterfield Joseph Smith, Sen., Joseph Smith, Jun. and Gaylord hood, also to officiate as President, to pre- John John Whitmer. The Bishop (Edward Part- side over that body in Kirtland. The vote Daniel S. Miles ridge) then proceeded and blessed the above of the quorums was called for in their or- Salmon Gee named brethren and others by the laying on der, and their nomination passed through of hands. {Journal History, June 3, 1831.) the whole house by unanimous voice. (Ibid., This council stood intact until the month of May 1838. The Prophet had departed Although the Prophet Joseph Smith Friday, January 15, 1836.) from Kirtland and had journeyed as far as was ordained a high priest at this con- Don Carlos was ordained and set the state of Missouri, the place of his des- ference, along with some of the other apart at that time by Presidents Joseph tination, the previous year. The brethren brethren, it was not until January 25, in Kirtland received a message from him, Smith, Jr., Sidney Rigdon, and Hyrum of the following year ( 1 832 ) at a gen- giving all the councils of the priesthood, Smith. A few days later (January 22, * eral conference of the Church held in remaining in that place, instructions to have 1836), during the anointing of the Amherst, Lorain County, Ohio, that he them filled up. At this time the council of Twelve and the Seventy at the Kirtland was sustained as president of the High the Seventies convened for this purpose. Temple, he was also anointed and Priesthood. (Ibid., Wednesday, Jan- Elders Salmon Gee and John Gaylord were blessed to preside over the high priests absent from the council, but sent word that uary 25, 1832.) He was set apart by quorum. (Ibid., January 22, 1836.) they wished to be excused from any further Sidney Rigdon. The Prophet records: Six days later he was assisted by his services in the council. Consequently, pur-

On the 26th, I called a general council counselors in anointing the members of suant to their request, they were excused of the Church, and was acknowledged as his quorum at the temple. and were dropped by the council, and Zera the President of the High Priesthood, ac- Pulsipher and Henry Herriman were chosen cording to a previous ordination at a con- The fragmentary history available in their places, and were ordained First ference of High Priests, Elders, and mem- makes no mention of the names of the Presidents and members thereof. bers, held at Amherst, Ohio, on the 25th two counselors appointed to assist This organization took the lead in the of January, 1832. The right hand of fel- President Don Carlos Smith. Frequent "Kirtland Camp," in their journey to Mis- souri, where they remained until the winter lowship was given to me by the Bishop, mention is made of their existence, how- Edward Partridge, in behalf of the Church. of 1838 and 1839, at which time they were ever, and the official sustaining vote of (Ibid., Thursday, April 26, 1832.) driven with the Saints from the state, by the Church was given this presidency No mention appears to have been mob violence. (Statement of Joseph Young.) at the general conference held in Kirt- made up to this time of the high priests land, Ohio, at the dedication of the In the earliest days of their history, as a quorum. The revelation on priest- temple, March 27, 1836. the Latter-day Saints built homes and hood, section 107 of the Doctrine and President Don Carlos' Smith was ap- shrines of culture. In the city of Nau- Covenants, was not given through the pointed revelation voo, they had their theater and univer- by4 to be president Prophet until March 28, 1835, at Kirt- of the high priests quorum at Com- sity, their schools and musical organiza- land, Ohio. At a priesthood meeting merce (Nauvoo). (D. 6 C. 124.) tions. "The Glory of God is Intelli- held in the Kirtland Temple January Elders Amasa Lyman and Noah Pack- gence," said they, and "Intelligence is 15, 1836, mention is made for the first ard were named counselors. It appears the glory of man." In every city they time regarding the appointment of a that this is the same quorum of high established on the frontier, they built president of the high priests quorum: priests organized at Kirtland in 1836. institutions of learning, and encouraged After one hour's adjournment of the Apparently additional quorums were every undertaking that would make for Council, Elder Don Carlos Smith was not organized until some time after this education. The Seventies, realizing the nominated to be ordained to the High Priest- revelation was given. importance of their calling, undertook

468 THE IMPROVEMENT ERA )

NO-LIQUOR-TOBACCO COLUMN p Conducted by Dr. Joseph F. Merrill CONDUCTED BY THE GENERAL PRIESTHOOD COMMITTEE OF THE COUNCIL OF THE TWELVE — HAROLD B. LEE, CHAIRMAN; EZRA TAFT BENSON, MARION G. ROMNEY, THOMAS E, MC KAY, CLIFFORD E. YOUNG, ALMA SONNE, LEVI EDGAR YOUNG, UJovl and ^Micokol ANTOINE R. IVINS "Deaders of this column may recall that thirteen broadcasts examining alcoholic consumption the building of a library. We find the and that I should be called the first Elder the problem of following in Times and Seasons for of the Church, and he (Oliver Cowdery) in the United States and its effects upon the second. It was on the fifteenth day of in January 1, 1845: the people and institutions this coun- May, 1829, that we were ordained under try were given over the Columbia Among the improvements going forward the hand of this messenger, and baptized. Broadcasting System Tuesday nights (Joseph Smith's Story.) in the City of Nauvoo, none merit higher Own from November 12, 1946, to February praise the Seventies' than Library. The 11, 1947. The title given this series of This account makes the first men- concern has been commenced on a footing broadcasts was "You and Alcohol." and scale, broad enough to embrace the tion of "elder" in this dispensation. Each of the thirteen speakers was re- arts and sciences, everywhere, so that the With the subsequent ordination to the garded as an expert in the phase of the Seventies, while traveling over the face of Melchizedek Priesthood, as promised, the the globe, the subject on which he spoke. Among as Lord's "Regular Soldiers," and the official organization of the can gather all the curious things, both na- titles of these addresses were "Alcohol Church on April 6, 1830, Joseph and tural and artificial, with all the knowledge, and the Human Body," "Alcohol and Oliver were designated as the "first" inventions, and wonderful specimens of the Mind," "Alcoholism and Illness," and "second" elders in the Church. (D. genius that have been gracing the world "The Problem Drinker," "Public Edu- & C. 20:1-3. ) The ordination of others for almost six thousand years. cation and Alcoholics Anonymous," to the Aaronic and Melchizedek Priest- and "Abstinence as a Solution." Nauvoo was destroyed white the hoods followed. At the first conference An open-minded, fair, and competent Saints were beginning their march to of the Church, held at Fayette, New critic would likely conclude on the basis the far west. But the dreams of the York, June 9, 1830, there were in the of things said that alcohol is a "strong people were never lost, and in 1851, Church, seven ordained elders, three drink" and is not good for the body nor we read in the Fifth General Epistle of priests, and two teachers. The total the mind, nor the spiritual growth of the Church describing Salt Lake City, Church membership was twenty-seven. the imbiber. Dr. Carney Landis, profes- the following: Early Church historical records give sor of psychology at Columbia Univer- only a brief account of all that tran- sity, speaking on the topic, "Alcohol On November 27, the quorum of Seventy, spired. It is evident that elders, priests, in conference assembled, agreed and the Mind," concluded: "Alcohol to erect teachers, and deacons have been or- an extensive rotunda in Great Salt Lake in any form acts as a depressing drug dained since the organization of the City, to be called the "Seventies* Hall of that decreases mental efficiency." This Church. At the close of 1831, Church Science." Joseph Young, the president, was is an interesting and important state- membership appears to have been ap- appointed trustee and superintendent of the ment, for alcohol is often thought to be proximately two thousand. There were work. The foundation of the hall is com- a stimulant to the mind and thus help- menced at least forty-two high priests, about on East Temple and Second South ful in the solution of mental problems. streets. fifty elders, and thirty priests, and a Dr. Henry W. Newman, of the Stan- number of teachers and deacons. ford University Medical School, con- Truman O. Angell, the architect of Whether these were organized into cluded, among other things, that: "The the temple to be erected, drew up the quorums during the first years of the intemperate use of alcohol results in plans for the Hall of Science. Had it Church cannot be determined from bodily disease, especially a disease of been erected, it would have been beau- available records. They appear, how- the nervous system, shortens the span tiful in its architecture. It was designed ever, to have existed only as groups. of life, and results in disruption of the to be the repository for the first library The earliest available record men- normal home conditions essential to the brought to Utah in 1851, which had the tioning the selection of a president to rearing of children." writings of the great masters of Greece, preside over a group of elders is prob- - Mrs. Marty Mann, executive direc- Rome, and the later European nations. ably the following: tor, National Committee for Education on Alcoholism, said the following in her A council meeting was held at Independ- ence, Jackson County, Missouri, for the discussion of "Public Education and Elders Quorum Legacy purpose of choosing an Elder to preside Alcoholics Anonymous":

over the Elders in Zion. . . . Christian Whit- I remember—I can never forget—the Tn writing of the early events of the mer was elected [sustained] president of years in which I suffered from acute chronic

gospel restoration, the Prophet the Elders in Zion, . . . (Journal History, Jo- alcoholism. They were the most painful seph Smith records the visitation September 15, 1832, Far West Record, p. of years of my life. I suffered constantly, not 30.) John the Baptist and makes the follow- just one kind of pain, but all kinds of pain. ing observation: I suffered physically, mentally, emotionally, subsequent entry dated September A financially, and socially—in every depart- The messenger who visited us on this oc- 27, 1832, relates that: ment of my life. I tell you, honestly, and on casion and conferred this Priesthood behalf of those suffering three million human ( Aaronic ) upon us, said that his name was At a special conference of Elders held on beings—alcoholics—that alcoholism is the the that is called the John, same John Bap- the Big Blue, Jackson County, Missouri . . . most painful disease known to man. No one tist in the New Testament, and that he the Elders in Zion were organized by Chris- who has not gone through it can possibly acted under the direction of Peter, James, tian Whitmer, who himself was set apart as have the faintest conception of what it is and John, who held the keys of the Priest- their president, according to the action taken like. Most alcoholics do not know what

hood of Melchizedek, which Priesthood, he in a previous meeting. (Far West Record, their trouble is. They don't know they are said, would in due time be conferred on us, p. 30.) ( Continued on page 470 IULY 1947 469 — . )

NO-LIQUOR-TOBACCO COLUMN

(Continued from page 469) truth—that we were sick, not morally de- as I can think of. It is a group in which sick, that they have a specific disease like praved, but sick of a disease called alco- high-powered executives and wealthy so- diabetes or tuberculosis, which can be ar- holism, and we had to have expert help to cialites work together with housewives, rested. get well. laborers, and white-collar workers on an They don't know it; their families don't Our second concept, that the alcoholic absolutely equal level. Within that close- know it; their friends, their employers—even can be helped and is worth helping, can be knit voluntary fellowship that is Alcoholics their physicians—don't know it. Everyone amply proven today. Almost everyone has Anonymous, men and women from all walks tells them they should be like other people heard of Alcoholics Anonymous, that extra- of life have found freedom together—free- and control their drinking. But that is one ordinary group of people, alcoholics them- dom to live and love and hope again—free- thing alcoholics cannot do. An alcoholic selves who are banded together to help dom to be normal happy human beings as can never control his drinking—for him it is themselves and each other get well. Their they were meant to be. all or nothing. membership includes every sort of person And so this speaker bases what is That is the nature of his disease and like rich and poor, men and women; for this

quoted above on these statements : the diabetic who must foreswear sugar, he disease, like any other, is no respecter of ( 1 Alcoholism is a disease and the alco- must learn to live entirely without alcohol. persons and strikes anywhere. As a result, holic sick This he can do. This I have done, and thou- Alcoholics Anonymous is as widely repre- a person. (2) The alcoholic sands like me. But first we had to learn the sentative a cross-section of our population can be helped and is worth helping. (3 WATCH FOR JULY ew OPENING

SEARS BIG toneers . NEW STORE The Church University 7 - Stores - in - One welcomes young Latter-day Saints who seek high stand- 49 - Big Departments ard university training in

8th SOUTH Between the finest social and spirit- MAIN and STATE SEARS ual environment. For admission to the university a new student must request an application

blank and return it to the 45 COOL Admissions Committee one COMFORTABLE month before the opening

ROOMS of school. $2.50 per day and up

The ideal spot for your Applications Due September 1 family's vacation. In Emigration Canyon just 13 for the Autumn Quarter miles from Temple Square

New Students Orientation . . . DINING •DANCING September 26 30 In the cool, refreshing Beneath the Stars Registration September 29 and mountains.

VACATIONING «»<»* *• «— OViVl% PRIVATE PARTIES

Write or Phone Pinecrest Lodge Salt Lake City PROVO, UTAH

470 THE IMPROVEMENT ERA NO-LIQUOR-TOBACCO COLUMN

This is a public problem and, therefore, who drink. Among these are three mil- Relative to liquor, we make these a public responsibility. This column lion alcoholics, Mrs. Mann believes. further remarks. "Three-fourths of the has no disposition to quarrel with these Hence about one person out of every crimes committed in this country are by three statements, but we call attention sixteen—or six percent—who lifts a people who have liquor under their belts to this self-evident truth : No one ever glass to his lips will become an alco- —and that's putting it mildly," so re- gets the disease who never takes the holic, and thus suffer the horrors of the portedly said Police Judge Reva Beck first drink. Freedom from this terrible "most painful disease known to man." Bosone of Salt Lake City, in a speech disease is thus absolutely guaranteed Surely this situation demands attention at a recent meeting of the Utah Federa- to every total abstainer. No one ever and should arouse all America to im- tion of Women's Clubs. Again we ask, falls over the precipice who never goes mediate action. What action, do you why cannot the people of America near it. No one ever succumbs to a ask? We turn the question back to you. arouse and do something wise and ef- temptation from which he keeps far What is your answer? Every person fective relative to the "drink evil." At away. can easily solve the problem for him- the very least, they can enthusiastically Now it is estimated that there are self and also help to find a solution for engage in an active, persistent campaign about fifty million people in America the community if he wills to do so. of education for lessening and eliminat- ing the evils of drink. Total abstinence

is a perfect answer.

Enter the "INNER CIRCLE Of Property Protection

OUND PROPERTY deserves the sound "preferred risk" protection developed by General of America. This capital stock fire insurance company was launched in 1923 —on the basic policy of accepting only preferred risks. We've stuck to that policy! As a direct result General is now one of "Coming, Mother!" the largest in its field. "You don't have to call twice! I saw you makin' those keen rennet-custard desserts this mornin'— an' do I love 'em!"

Babies—children— . . . More important, we have relatively fewer losses. Countless grown-ups the whole family enjoys milk that's made into thousands of our policy holders earn substantial premium sav- delicious rennet-custards. They have all ings. They feel secure in the strength of this better insurance. milk's food value because they aren't cooked, and the rennet enzyme makes them They appreciate our helpful fire inspection service, which helps even easier to digest than milk itself. to furnish full to eliminate needless hazards. We will be glad They're so quick and easy to make— give details without obligation. Inquire today. your youngsters and yourself a treat by serving rennet-custards today! Make rennet-custards with either "Junket" Brand Rennet Tablets— not sweetened or flavored— add sugar and flavor to taste; or "Junket" Rennet Powder Look to General, the leader, for new and — already sweetened, in six delicious flavors. better features in virtually all forms of Both at all grocers. For free sample of commercial insurance. "Junket" Rennet Tablets, write "Junket" Brand Foods, Division of Chr. Hansen's Laboratory, inc., JJept. 77, .Little .tans, N. Y.

INSURANCE COMPANY OP

"THE'CAPITAl JTOCK COMPANY OF PRIFERRE6 fttSKS"

Home Offices; Seattle, Wash. • Agents Everywhere • H. K. DENT, Pre*.

"JUNKET" is the trade-mark of Chr. Hansen's Laboratory, Inc., for its rennet and other food products, and Is registered in the U. S. and Canada.

JULY 1947 471 VL PRESIDING

men who were commissioned by the f^riedthood ^Jhrough the l/Jttears Lord to bear his Holy Priesthood and function under its rights in the kingdom A few weeks ago, in close order, we their membership exacted, but devoted of God? Theirs was an eternal march celebrated respectively the one hun- their thinking to an appraisal of what unshackled by the limitations and cir- dred and eighteenth anniversary of the little they had to give in exchange for cumstances of time. They were march- restoration of the Aaronic and Mel- that which the Lord had promised to ing with the Lord of Hosts as their chizedek Priesthoods. May 15, 1829, the resurrected John the Baptist, vested with the keys of the lesser priesthood since the meridian of time, came under divine commission and conferred the Aaronic Priesthood upon Joseph Smith and Oliver Cowdery. "In course of time, and very shortly after the coming of John the Baptist," Peter, James, and John ordained Joseph and Oliver to the Melchizedek Priest- hood. Their memorable visit hallowed the banks of the Susquehanna River between Harmony, Pennsylvania, and Colesville, New York. At the time of the heavenly mes- sengers' visits, there was not a mortal man to be found on the earth with divine authority to perform a single ordinance pertaining to the kingdom of God. The kingdom itself was not upon the earth. There was nothing except the letter of the law which "killeth" in the absence of the spirit which "giveth

life." * Thus a new era broke upon the world when the priesthood was restored one hundred and eighteen years ago. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints was soon organized and, under priesthood authority, ordinances of the gospel could again be per- formed in the knowledge of their acceptance on high. The whole world suddenly became a stage where the greatest soul-saving drama of all time would be enacted under the commission The restoration of the Aaronic Priesthood depicted in a pageant written by Luacine C. Fox and presented in the Salt Lake City of divine authority. South Twentieth Ward, Ensign Stake. Principals are S. Wayne Clark as Joseph Smith (left). Byron A. Ray as Oliver Cowdery, with From the very day of its organization Lynn McKinlay as John the Baptist. the Church has been singular in its understanding of the purposes and functions of the Holy Priesthood as these — are related to the individual,—singular bestow. Thought they, "How can Commander in Chief; they knew that in that every worthy male member of man's greatest ever equal God's least? victory was inevitable. sufficient age may be ordained to the What little price to pay, that we give Down through the century of time priesthood and thus be placed in a posi- our all, even our lives, to be his part- since the kingdom of God was estab- tion to receive the eternal blessings ners, to be trusted with divine authority, lished in the tops of the mountains, which follow his faithfulness. to be loved by him, to be received by there have been tens of thousands or- him when it is finished. This is not dained to the priesthood. Gradually, When men were thus allied with the sacrifice nor hardship,-—this is privilege since the organization of the Church, Lord of Hosts and recognized by him, and opportunity." the opportunity and blessings of ordina- it is no wonder that they cheerfully en- How helpless was mob violence in tion have been extended until now dured the thoughtlessness and the in- the face of such conviction. What fear every worthy male member over twelve justices of an unfriendly world. The could "man's inhumanity to man," the years of age may be ordained. Con- early members of the Church thought blistering sands of desert wastes or the sider well what it means for a boy not upon the privation and hardships biting frosts of winter nights hold for twelve years of age, and through suc- 472 THE IMPROVEMENT ERA : ) )

k i "< i^ BISHOPRICS PAGE

C^dlted bu cU.ee ^Ar. j^aumer

WARD YOUTH LEADERSHIP Jfhe suo^bet at tke Xrimsiae OUTLINE OF STUDY AUGUST 1947 By Bryant S. Hinckley came to the door. I stood there trembling and said to him, "Brother Joseph, I have a A youngster's standards of con- "pROM the days of the Prophet Joseph come to visit you in the capacity of a duct are determined, in one way Smith to the present day, and so teacher, if it is convenient for you." He or another, more than anything else by long as there are organized wards and said, "Brother William, come right in, I the standards of the groups of which stakes in Zion, the revealed plan of am pleased to see you; sit down, and I will he is a member." Such is the judgment ward teaching for carrying the gospel call my family." Very soon they came in, and he then said, "Brother I of two eminent students of human na- of peace into the homes of the Latter- William, sub- mit myself and my family into your hands," ture as well as the observation of day Saints will be in force. The vision and then he took his seat. "Now, Brother many parents, teachers, and bishops. of this work and an understanding of William," he said, "ask all the questions Particularly in adolescence the in- its place and importance have rested feel like." this time all fear you By my fluence of the group or "crowd" is para- upon every president of this Church. and trembling had ceased, I said, and mount. During these years young peo- President George Q. Cannon record- "Brother Joseph, are you trying to live your ple are trying to be grown up. They ed this incident in the history of Wil- religion?" He answered, "Yes." I then said, naturally seek emancipation from home liam Farrington Cahoon: "Do you pray in your family?" He said, ties. Not achieving full "Yes." "Do you teach your family the grown-up stature, I was called and ordained to act as a principles of the gospel?" He replied, "Yes, they seek to build their morale ward teacher to visit families of the Saints I am trying to do it." "Do you ask a bless- through membership in and activity (in Nauvoo). I got along very well until ing upon the food?" He answered, "Yes." with the "crowd." I that I obliged to visit found was pay a to "Are you trying , to live in peace and har- We adult leaders of youth need to be the Prophet. Being only seventeen years of mony with your family?" He said that he reminded occasionally of how large age, I felt weakness in visiting the my was. I turned to his wife, Sister Emma, and the social problem looms to the adoles- Prophet and his family in the capacity of a said, "Sister Emma, are you trying to live cent. Above all else, we are told, he teacher. I almost felt like shrinking from your religion? Do you teach your children wants friendship—with his own sex and this duty. Finally I went to his door and to obey their parents? Do you try to teach with the opposite. And he will behave knocked, and in a moment, the Prophet {Concluded on page 479) in almost any way necessary to achieve this goal. ceeding years, to have the authority to What do these facts mean to lead- represent the in the offices of the Lord ers of youth in the Church? Holy Priesthood. No greater opportu- THE PRESIDING I. The youth-leader must not only nity is available to for the develop- man BISHOPRICS PAGE know each in his charge as an individ- of character and for the cultiva- ment "\l 7ith this Centennial issue of The ual, but also in his relationship to other tion of the higher qualities of the soul. * * Improvement Era we begin the youths. The bearers of the Aaronic Priest- Presiding Bishopric's page and we eliminate the Aaronic Priesthood and Questions hood alone have grown in numbers from Ward Teaching pages. 1. Does he have (a) boy friends and two on May 15, 1829, to over one hun- The Presiding Bishopric's page (b) girl friends? dred thousand on ward records in this will carry instructions on all pro- 2. Who are they? Utah Centennial year. Still other thou- grams coming under the direction of 3. What are the interests and activi- sands have been ordained who are en- this office. Workers in both age ties of the crowd to which he be- rolled in the missions of the Church all groups of the Aaronic Priesthood longs? over the world and on membership program, the Latter-day Saint girls' 4. Does the Church—his priesthood records not identified with wards or work and ward teaching are particu- and auxiliary classes—bear any missions. These legion hosts are guided larly urged to consult regularly this relationship to this crowd or its by thousands of faithful leaders from page for suggestions and helps in activity? the quorums of the Melchizedek Priest- their responsibilities. (This information should be gained hood who stand as "watchmen on the by observation and casual inquiry—not towers" in the work of the Aaronic within them. We are priesthood offi- by direct interrogation. Priesthood—leaders who have discov- cers, duly commissioned of the Lord to II. Our aim in all of our Church pro- ered the futility of professing a love for provide light where there is darkness, gram for youth should be not only to the Lord unless such affection is demon- hope where there is despair, love where build fine Latter-day Saints, but also strated in serving one another—in there is hate, and to assist all men to fine groups of Latter-day Saints, in "feeding his sheep—his lambs." gain eternal lives with the Lord of which each boy and girl in the ward We have the records of the past; we Hosts. can find a place. If we fail in this, we have the opportunities of the future. History has recorded the accomplish- may find that while we teach our boys There are new frontiers, new horizons, ments of one of the greatest priesthood and girls Sunday morning, preach to bursting upon us every day. We, like eras of all time. The years that lie ahead them Sunday evening, and call them on they who have gone before, are pio- are full of promise. Priesthood's might the phone Wednesday night, their neers—pioneers who must blaze the will lay waste man's futile attempt to loyalty will be with the "crowd" which trail in priesthood leadership, break bar its progress. There is no end to may seem more real to them than our ground in the repentant hearts of men priesthood since there is no end to God- words. for the building of the kingdom of God hood. ( Concluded on page 479 JULY 1947 473 BDflKSBDRNE^ Josephine B. Nichols

Homespun Meals of 1847

Dioneer women of Utah were really- good cooks; they had no delicatessen around the corner. But they had meat and meal to go around; wood was at the door, and hospitality and love in their hearts. The following are samples of meals served by those thrifty women the first year in the valley. (Taken from Pioneer Diary of Eliza R. Snow.) "Upon arriving in the valley had a treat of wild currants, and a kind of chokecherry. "We dined on pancakes and molasses, and supped on biscuits made from flour ground in the valley, butter, sage tea, dried beef, peach sauce, sweetened fried cake, and custard pie.

:#;: "Potato soup for breakfast, supped on Johnny cake, dried beef, boiled milk and bread." * * * The following recipes were taken from the first issues of the Young Woman's Journal:

To Cook Young Prairie Chicken

Prairie chickens, when young, as well as partridge and grouse, are best broiled, while the older birds are better roasted or stewed. Split the bird down through the back, lay it open upon the gridirons, sprinkle with pepper, salt, and a little flour. Serve with and hot biscuits split and buttered. Venison Chops

MINUTE Dip the chops in melted butter and broil over a clear fire, turn often so that every MENUS portion is thoroughly cooked, season with pepper and salt. Put into saucepan, a cupful of hot Yes sir . . . right in step with the spirit a water, a tablespoon of currant jelly, half a of our great Centennial celebrations. dozen pepper corns, two cloves. Heat well together until the jelly is dissolved, then And speaking of holidays •- another place the chops in the saucepan on the side traditional team are the festive cheeses of the stove for ten minutes; serve with the

. . .over M and cold cuts out of your ice box . sauce poured them. served with delicious Saltines by Purity. Duke of Wellington's Pudding

There's a minute-menu the hungry One pound flour, six ounces of beef suet ones applaud! (chopped very fine) a little allspice, a little pinch of baking powder, a small cup of molasses, a large heaping tablespoon of ground ginger (more if liked) a tablespoon of sugar, water to make a stiff batter. Boil in a well-greased bowl or mold, from two to three hours. Serve with sweet sauce.

Indian Pudding Two cups Indian-meal, one cup of molasses, two quarts of milk, two eggs, butter size of half egg, one tablespoon ginger.

Scald one quart of the milk and pour it boil- ing on the meal, stirring well, and next the cold milk, butter, eggs, and ginger. Boil in I T ¥ B IS C« U18PANY SALT LAKE well buttered tin five hours, and serve with cream.

474 THE IMPROVEMENT ERA "Lefty, your car picks-up like a tired pitcher fielding a bunt"

BATBOY: As a ball-hawk you're strictly big league, but with cars you bat .000. Listen to that motor! It's laboring like a rookie in Yankee

Stadium. Wise up, pal, and fill up with Chevron Supreme Gasoline. It's "climate-tailored" to

fit local driving conditions, and its high octane rating slugs those pesty pings right out of the lot.

LEFTY: Son, you're throwing strikes. With Chevron Supreme under the throttle, we take off like a line drive. And notice how she flies up the hills with nary a knock. Standard's Chevron Supreme Gasoline looks like a sure- fire triple-play combination to me, kid—fast starting, smooth pick-up, and an easy put-out on pings.

tfs goodgoing on

There is no better gasoline at CHEVRON any price GAS STATION ^ SUPREME GASOLINE

JULY 1947 475 —— —

fiosd/u^ LOW

PIONEER JOURNAL FROM A DISTANT HILL

By Christie Lund Coles By Berta Huish Christensen Nauvoo At first she felt resentment; then despair rr Cut deeper. She would never know how FARES "* sweet I *oday left Nauvoo, the beautiful; we The dream fulfilled could be, nor would her •*- We saw the temple, towering stark feet TO SAN FRANCISCO and high, Sway prairie grass along the trail, her hair Our empty homes, then turned to face the Loosed to the night wind. She would never dull, make Western expanse of loneliness and sky." The slow ascent beyond the treeless plain, The words are written carefully and slow, See canyon purple deepening with rain, Each phrase is fashioned meaningful and Or watch in spring the desert furrow break clear, With lifting seed. So frail and fever-spent, Yet, now and then, a small blotch lets me Only her heart's desire, only her smile know Would travel with the covered wagon file. The words were interrupted by a tear. She must remain—a severed leaf—content I read her journal over now and see Like Moses, seeing misty-eyed and still, The gallant preparations for the West. The promised valley from a distant hill. I understand her words, "God made man free To worship. We shall yet find comfort, rest, A spot where every one of us will dare Kneel down in peace to say an honest prayer."

Crossing the Plains FAST and ECONOMICAL "The miles stretch endless; nothing can be For example: seen But space on space, forbidding mountain COACH FARES SS "$Z? height, And barren, fruitless plains, bereft of green. San Francisco »17.16 '32.30 Faith leads our day, sustains our alien Add 75% Federal Ta» night." I try in vain to visualize the trek: The arid miles, the earth's hostility, And tears rise that I cannot hold in check, Reading her final words of tragedy: "Our darling baby ill. He is so hot, His heart beats like a small bird's in his throat." The later words, "Here in this lonely spot THEY CAME We laid our son." Then, hurriedly, she wrote By Gene Romolo As though her faith might somehow fail her '"Phey came one hundred ago now years f- Came with a flaming torch of faith "God knows the answer. We must trust, Held high to light an unhewn way. somehow." Their courage was no wavering wraith • DE LUXE RECLINING That wanes before an adverse day. CHAIR CARS This Is the Place It westward urged their bleeding feet Across a wild expanse of plains, • TOURIST SLEEPERS "At last we have arrived; the journey's In summer's sun, in winter's sleet, done. To free them from despotic chains. • .STANDARD PULLMANS We kneel to pray; our tears are unshamed, They came and, by their coming, wrought Bedrooms, Drawing Rooms, For we have seen the perilous battle won, A miracle with untamed lands. Compartments Have conquered fears the lips have never They came and, by their coming, taught named. The dignity of laboring hands. • DINING CAR "This is the place,' he said, and though it seems Sensible Prices THIS IS THE PLACE Desolate now, we know that it will yield • THROUGH PULLMANS And blossom as a rose. All of our dreams By Claire Stewart Boyer to Coast Will find fruition in the first, ripe field." Coast I read until the script is halted, slow, '""Phis is the place," to those whose dream • AIR-CONDITIONED Finding new courage in her every line, — was born For here is faith that only martyrs know; COMFORT Of blood and fire, of patience and of pain, Here is a spirit charged with the divine. Were magic words as life-giving as rain, Pioneer, heritage, O who gave me As filled with glory as the sky at morn! Let me write nobly, too, journal's page. my The Promised Land made visible, made real, For every mind saw future blossoming, For information call: And every wintered heart was lit with spring. H. R. COULAM, A PLEASANT THOUGHT Upon their foreheads they could sense God's General Agent seal! 48 South Main Street This was a sacred soil, arid they the seed Phone 4-6551 By Deon Nethercott Olson Of Abraham, of Joseph, of the hope Of ages; theirs the great eternal scope T like to think of God Visioned by seer and valiantly decreed! ^ As living in a bower This was their prayer, the dream in all their Where every kindly deed of man eyes: Has grown into a flower. "Here let the Zion of thy word arise!" WESTERN PACIFI 476 THE IMPROVEMENT ERA A NEW EM BEGINS

No high powered tractors, bulldozers, An American flag is hoisted as the last The Hotel Utah as it is today, acclaimed trucks or steamshovels grace this land- piece of structural steel is placed in by world travelers as one of the world's scape as excavation begins. position. truly great hotels.

Hotel Utah Achieves World Fame

Historians may well mark June 1, 1909, as the end of the horse- and-buggy gaslit era of Utah, and the beginning of the age of modern services and conveniences. For this was the date of the beginning of the Hotel Utah, constructed on the property which for more than 50 years belonged to Brigham Young and his family.

Two years later, June 11, 1911, the Hotel Utah opened its doors, and one of its first guests was President Taft, who proclaimed it as "a hotel that ranks with any in the world ... a great and imposing structure, elegantly and magnificently furnished."

In recent years, under the managing directorship of Guy R.

Toombes, the Hotel Utah has achieved new distinction for its accom- Elegantly modations and services. furnished Hotel Utah lobby has been aptly termed "Utah's meeting place" and "The Crossroads of the West."

Starlite Gardens atop Hotel Utah, describ- Luxurious Empire Room is scene of gay The popular Coffee Shop of the Hotel ed by a famous newspaper columnist as dinner-dancing festivities throughout Fall, Utah is acknowledged as one of the finest "the most beautiful spot on earth." Dinner- Winter and Spring seasons. Luncheon restaurants in the country. Open daily dancing featured nightly (Except Sunday) served here year 'round. Air-conditioned from 7 a.m. to 9 p.m. throughout the summer season. for complete comfort.

JULY 1947 477 READ — and KNOW THE THRILLING STORY OF UTAH T CENTURY Read the stories of the great events and remarkable personalities who lived and served, strengthened and promoted the Faith in stirring days of adventure and empire-building.

NAUVOO THE BEAUTIFUL ...$3.00 BRIGHAM YOUNG THE COLONIZER $3.00 By E. Cecil McGavin By Milton R. Hunter UTAH, THE STORY OF HER PEOPLE $2.75 DANIEL HANMER WELLS $2.50 By Milton R. Hunter By B. S. Hinckley BRIGHAM YOUNG, THE MAN AND HIS LIFE OF JOSEPH F. SMITH __ $2.50 WORK $2.50 By Joseph Fielding Smith By Preston Nibley LIFE OF HEBER C. KIMBALL _„ $3.00 LIFE AND TRAVELS OF PARLEY P. PRATT..$2.50 By Orson F. Whitney $1.50 THREE MORMON CLASSICS $2.50 BEN THE WAGON BOY Howard R Driggs Compiled by Preston Nibley By ' DENNIS AND THE MORMON BATTALION....$2.00 UTAH INDIAN STORIES """"" ~$2 25 ' B S Harmer By Milton R. Hunter Y Mabel - ST0RY OF B I °NEEHS $2 "°° EXODUS OF MODERN ISRAEL $1.00 B^aJI?S ^SSef

SWEET LOVE REMEMBERED $2.75 PAHUTE INDIAN LEGENDS ...... $1.75 By Helen Cortez Stafford By William R. Palmer

. . . and these great "background" stories of Utah's founding: . . .

JOSEPH SMITH THE PROPHET $3.00 JOSEPH THE PROPHET $1.50 By Preston Nibley By Daryl Chase HISTORY OF JOSEPH SMITH ...$2.50 MORMON....$2.25 By His Mother—Edited by Preston Nibley WITNESSES OF THE BOOK OF By Preston Nibley ORSON PRATT'S $2.50 WORKS PROPHECIES OF JOSEPH SMITH AND THEIR JOSEPH SMITH AN AMERICAN PROPHET..$3.00 By John Henry Evans FULFILMENT _ $ 1 .50

—and scores of other well-written, intriguing works on one of the great epochal events in American and Western history—the settlement and development of Utah and the Intermountain empire. Write for complete lists. USE THE COUPON BELOW FOR PROMPT DELIVERY OF THE ABOVE-LISTED BOOKS DESERET BOOK COMPANY 44 East South Temple P. O. Box 958 Salt Lake City 10, Utah The Book Center of the Intermountain West

Please send the books as checked above. Enclosed is $ (Add 2% Sales Tax in Utah.) Name Address

478 THE IMPROVEMENT ERA The Gospel at the Outline of Study

( Concluded from page 473 ) Fireside Young people are a good deal like (Concluded from page 473) sheep—they like to follow and graze them to pray?" To all of these questions with the herd. We must, therefore, be she answered, "Yes, I am trying to do so." concerned not only with individuals,

I then turned to Joseph and said, "I am now but also with individuals participating through with my questions as a teacher. in groups. Our whole Church program instructions to give, Now, if you have any is so designed. them." said, I shall be happy to receive He The last two months we have dis- "God bless you, Brother William. If you cussed group projects for the outside are humble and faithful, you shall have and inside of ward buildings projects power to settle all difficulties that come be- — in which young people can work, play, fore you in the capacity of a teacher." I then eat, build, create, and serve together left my blessings with this family and took my departure. (Juvenile Instructor, vol. 27, under wise but not too obvious leader- p. 492.) ship. Next month we shall indicate what During his remaining days Brother we can do in the area of recreation to Cahoon cherished this experience and build more friendships within the often referred to it with pride. Church. In the meantime try to find Elder Orson F. Whitney related this out the answers to the questions listed account of some humble teachers who above in this column. called on President Brigham Young in • his home. The President received the panionship of humble, yet remark- teachers with kindness and considera- that able man whose testimony he so much tion. After they had explained the pur- appreciated. This was one of the faith- pose of their visit and had made such building experiences of his boyhood inquiries as they thought proper, they days. an ideal combination it then asked him for advice. The Presi- What really is for young with little ex- dent propounded some questions to him- a man M perience to accompany an older man self, and answered them. This was one ilere's a real chicken of mature experience on a mission of of the questions. "Brother Brigham, dinner —-"half a chicken in such spiritual importance as ward does your household keep the Word of a can" at about the price per teaching. The mission of Heber Grant, Wisdom, or do they allow the coffee- J. a priest, and Hamilton G. Park, a high pound you'd have to pay for pot to master them?" This question was followed by other questions ad- priest, on the Lord's errand is typical of hamburger. one of the finest opportunities that is dressed to himself. The answers which And such a meal — tender, afforded in this Church. Brother Park he gave supplied all of the information juicy chicken and rich gravy had the deepest love and respect for his the teachers needed and served as a —already cooked so all you to them. young companion, the future president, good example ; need do is heat and eat. and this love and respect was fully It is said that President John Taylor received the ward teachers with the reciprocated in the young man's heart. Great with Hot Biscuits same deference and respect that he The visits of these two teachers were For a special treat serve Lyrt- would receive royal visitors. never in vain. To our knowledge, no other recorded President George Albert Smith, as a den Chicken Fricassee with statement makes clearer the importance young man holding the Aaronic Priest- HOT BISCUITS-or for variety hood, served as a ward teacher in the and sanctity of ward teaching than serve With tender dumplings these words of President Joseph F. Salt Lake City Seventeenth Ward with or in savory chicken pie. Smith delivered thirty-two years ago. the same dependability and efficiency with which he has served in every other A Meat I do not know of any duty that is more capacity. The ward teachers who now sacred or more necessary if it is carried out visit the President's home on Yale for the Whole Family as it should be than the duties of the teach- Avenue in Salt Lake City delight to call The big 29-ounce can makes ers who visit the homes of the people and there, because of the warm welcome pray with them, who admonish them to vir- a full meat for most families extended to them and the encourage- mm tue and honor, to unity, to love, and to faith — quick, economical and ment and inspiration which they re- in and fidelity to the cause of Zion, who nourishing — no waste, no strive to settle uncertainties in the minds ceive. No ward teacher ever visits of the people and bring them to the stand- President George Albert Smith with- work, no trouble. ard of the knowledge that they should out being made happy and at ease. big, family-size can possess in the gospel of Jesus Christ. May All who comprehend the dignity of Get a foday. all the people open their doors, call in the this work can never regard it as com- members of their families, and respect the monplace or unimportant. This calling *d%Hdett (zfa'tHinf 7^£te&€«(4 visits of the ward teachers to their homes implies a spiritual stewardship over the and join with them in striving to bring about lives of those that the teachers are ap- a better condition, if possible, in the home pointed to visit. Their well-being must than ordinarily exists. be the teacher's constant concern. In

President Heber J. Grant frequently taking the gospel to the home, you take told of his experience as a ward teach- it to the very source of things. The er. In this capacity, he accompanied atmosphere of the home is, after all, the Hamilton G. Park in visiting families best criterion by which to gauge the of the Thirteenth Ward. All of his spiritual level of the ward or of the days, the President cherished the com- Church.

JULY 1947 479 !

Never teo late to OltrftATE I

BECAUSE, molecular attraction fastens a special in- gredient in Conoco N** Motor Oil so closely to metal surfaces of your engine that cylinder walls are

actually Oil- Plated . . . COflO&O BECAUSE, this extra lubricant resists gravity . . . stays up on cylinder walls . . . can't all drain down, even A overnight . . . Conoco N' gives extra protection

from "dry" starts . . . extra protection from carbon

and sludge caused by wear . . . extra smooth, cool, silent miles

BECAUSE it's never too late, make a date to Oil-Plate

your engine . . . today! »0*°R j£fa&(Z%X&

480 THE IMPROVEMENT ERA .

One Hundred Years of Scouting Yes, they've come and gone but

{Continued from page 435) ing. He wants to develop prowess CARBON BISULPHIDE and skill in the things which make men out of his imaginary heroes. Re- is still here and holds first place move from his life in scouting the In- dians, the stalking, the wild things, as a herbicide the trackless wilderness, and the that will kill noxious, deep-rooted weeds at the boy would quickly desert it. Play roots. Morning glory, whitetop, knapweed, up the honor of Chingachgook, the Canada Thistle and scads of others can be Colter, the endless endurance of controlled by a single treatment with lasting wilderness skill and honesty of Car- effect that will not injure the soil and is harm- son, and the boys begin to see some less to grazing cattle. sense to the Scout law. Scouting is Thousands of acres have been reclaimed from great because men, using the back- heavy weed infestations throughout the West. drop of canyon and mountain, desert This chemical has been employed in all large and plain, sea and ship, interpret weed control projects with perfect satisfaction. Economical these things to the boys in terms of and easy to apply by means of a Mack Anti-Weed Gun. Get an early start and moral conduct, so subtly that the put the entire place into production. boys seldom fathom the intent. Send for our free illustrated folder 212P and In the practical application any learn how this is done. man who attempts to use these very real ideals must become as one of them or he will fail. He must be as WHEELER, REYNOLDS & STAUFFER necessary to the boy as the moun- Division of Stauffer Chemical Company tains, the canyons, the sea, the ships, desert, the plains. The boy must the 6 3 6 C A 1. 1 FQ fc N I A ST R E E T • SAN j R A N C I S C O 8 imagine his leader in the setting of these moving, gigantic forces—as Distributors—WASATCH CHEMICAL CO., Salt Lake City and Branches the master of them all. And even as the scoutmaster is master of these things, so he knows somehow that iliill he, in his turn, must make the boys in his care know of the reality of the mastery. Scouting fails when the leader, S8t Go GREYHOUND thinking to take a short cut, gives the boy only the vicarious touch. The for most schedules I boy in his care must sense; not alone household cU^JJ^ kU the loneliness of being lost by hear- GREYHOUND ing about it, he must experience the Go Betor merely war . , actual feeling. He must not j money! ^ I lower fares same for read about the blinding sweat and ing*e^-:-feUsat the aching backs and shoulders of the £ the conquerors of the wilderness, but I Go GREYHOUND your g< he must go out with the pack on his box at I for more courtesy back, ignoring the aching shoulders, and, wiping the blinding sweat from forward and conquer. L CHEMISE his eyes, press Sx>VGH I : : 3I Jj|; XMe cannot know all that Baden- Powell had in his mind when ticket check he started to organize scouting. But One — one baggage we are sure that his cardinal rule of to anywhere in America. Only conduct was that boys should learn Greyhound offers so much for to do things for themselves. so little. Ask your nearest Over- We do not know exactly what land Greyhound agent about made President Joseph F, Smith say frequent schedules and low fares. that we should accept scouting as a boys' program. Perhaps it was the o v , e h :l a'Ki.d memory of his own boyhood, when G R E Y H UNO the pioneer process of vigorous Operated hy INTERSTATE TRANSIT LINES and (Concluded on page 483) UNION PACIFIC STAGES. INCORPORATED 481 JULY 1947 .

Beet growers on irrigated land like the extra clearance and freedom of spacing tools on Case narrow-row culti- vators, also the accuracy and Word sturdy simplicity of Case the beet planters, as well as the is strength and easy operation of Case beet lifters and till- age implements. Fits Your Way Farming

a e Cause he ^ fo the itJ Case «u.

- atld hull threshes„ 8roTver* T?1

" '" '.;:.:.;,;:,:. ... 'ii:.1. lets l aai Ca C* J: ;. seew f nz fc« Pacitv r 8 OPS aSe *U frJ. Sleve?c£ Sh ^ TBasssasm sv. .Jfg.

-' : : > : ^i:;:>;::'^: :: :.;>.v' -;;:

'.:v''

^PHH 1 £*** fi&Xcs * of the "on bea _- » the seal^ heat-h

e d ^"4 aft and? ease ^° co^ essS *f > p*o it»ote s mitt \eav? te se mote i»° rrca I-':.-. *Atu oVoi %*a* rtt>?:?**Zi*Zso .cove >"•' v9 n* aVe c..cet-e1 r«<\ividaÂW* ; t . tf \»rbc SVic i rate uV» tke 1 pop {or o?; L«V'OS tbat wâffôcv tftb® itse

Case .witn t ^ 4. taster tioI1 , ones e ^screen «#*"lfimiu>V throughfiSh tia«u»^,.mmer t{eedec" »*r" -rttma^ t scfreen ^ oof fan g«» variety «% ei ght £$£ have * i 1 liable gives ava edg^ cutting f^staarp*** cefle '' : : "diag Hfe. - - -.:: ::-..';- Sght-foid pm Today, as for a hundred years, the guiding principle of this Company is to create farm machines that bring forth higher yields per man. They

do it partly by better work that raises yield per acre, but more by faster work to increase the acreage per day of labor. Endless effort to build machines stronger, simpler, and more capable will create still greater Case machines, to serve you still better in the years ahead. Keep in

touch with your Case dealer. J. I. Case Co., Racine, Wis.

482 THE IMPROVEMENT ERA, One Hundred Years a of Scouting Presenting

MiiB ciaat>»g {Concluded from page 481) Book • * learning was in full effect, and he MAIM AT «• SOUTH }T SALT U.Kl CITT. UTAH could see the boys of 1912 not learning the lessons. The first committee ONE F T H E had something of the idea when they GREAT HOTELS organized that first trip over the old OF THE WEST trail, and although they planned it all—in their hearts was the desire H° UR to have the boys learn the lessons THl and experience what they knew so by For a more enjoyable visit well to be true. Standing with them Leak V. **~ when in Salt Lake City in this, and anxious for the boys to stay at the Newhouse have more of the out-of-doors than *>" popular •—

. . receiving, Hotel. 400 Modern they were then was An- price • Ivins, apostle. e Rooms each with private thony W. then an captures * ,, c P . bath President Ivins made the motion m author n Q when scouting became official in the ^ exi 9reQ Enjoy delicious food in true oi this Church. our new . . . The years that President George 1 Ultra Modern . __vot m' COFFEE SHOP Albert Smith has given to build in- and tegrity in boys through the program Distinctively Beautiful ROYAL DINING ROOM have had their great effect. Coming into the leadership of the M.I.A., Both Air Conditioned when scouting was struggling for Garage Facilities Adjacent recognition, he gave new impetus to the movement. Through his activity and co-operation he not only was largely responsible for increased growth of scouting in the Church but he also gained national recognition for the Church and for himself. The hard work and leadership given by President B. H. Roberts, is not well known, but in those early years he

led out in giving it strength and romantic adventure. The inspiring touch of the hand of Oscar A. Kirk- ham, in the scene at the beginning, and taking the leading role in the drama as time went on, could only have been given because of a basic MAt>£ belief in the effectiveness of the pro- IHUTMef gram. The Church has said the basic

truth through its first leader: "Teach Ornamented with Brigham Young Medallion. Copper -Spun them correct principles and let them finish. Letters 1347 1947 & UTAH embossed on solid copper. govern themselves." In 1947 we Miniature bag of Salt from Great Salt Lake attached to each let. Price $2.00 per set I slightly higher some areas). give it a new dress and say it prosai- // NoJ Avadablt al S'ortt ut Your tatalifj Utf Coupon Bi-tov. cally, "to teach boys to do things for themselves, by the methods com- /&/S COC/PON; monly used by Boy Scouts." 3^ While boys are in their inspiring Pleaio send tat* of Utah Centennial Salt and Peppers for which I inclose $ (@ $2.00 per sot) —OR- send youth, let put in their the us hands C. O. D. Q in which case I agree to pay the postman regular pack, the tent, and the trail—and price plus a few cents postage. (Pleas* Print Plainly) the letting them hold map and com- Nam* pass, with them chart out the path Addrou City Stato to the goal of manhood. {Viet pay matting charges when your order is accompanied by

Let us not forget that the secret certified check or Atone/ Order, j

of it all in the minds of boys is, as Robert W. Service said: INLAND MFG. & SALES C0.¥ It's not the gold that I'm wanting so much P.O.BOX 207 LOGAN.UTAH as just finding the gold.

JULY 1947 483 Original DAYNES store built of logs and located on street now known as East First South.

The new marble front store of Daynes Music Company located at 45-47 South Main Street. to right

JOHN DAYNES Musician and Jeweler. Brought musical instru- ments to Utah in ox (pwnsuui, carts. Founder of the SinxjL house in ROYAL W. DAYNES of DAYNES America. President, Daynes Music (Daydu ... Company

the house of DAYNES has contributed an important part

in the business and musical

life of Utah. The DAYNES

family is one of the very few

who have been continuously JOSEPH J. DAYNES First official organist of in business for nearly one the Tabernacle, which position held GERALD R. DAYNES he from hundred years, since 1 862 to 1867 to 1901. Com- Vice-President and poser of many L. D. S. Manager, Daynes Music hymns. be exact, a heritage of which Co.

the present generation is just-

ly proud.

DAYNES MUSIC COMPANY is the oldest music store in the entire west, from its

predecessors down to the present day. It is the largest and best music store in Utah, con-

trolling many outstanding lines of merchandise including Steinway and Lester Pianos and

almost everything in musical merchandise.

i jbayneb tflusic Co.

[~ 45-47 so. main si. sblt lrhe city ""|

484 THE IMPROVEMENT ERA MARRIAGE AND THE L D. S. FAMILY

(Continued from page 456) The Latter-day Saint home should ity. Economic defeats, loss of life, hearts will respond to the divine in- exert a great influence upon the crippling effects of disease, and emo- junction: "Multiply and replenish moral and spiritual character of the tional conflicts in living must not the earth." The home they build will children. Social values may be bring defeat to family living. A become the cradle of a new genera- taught in the school, but in the home religious philosophy of life does sup- tion. They will thank a higher Pow- they are first implanted into their port and bridge the gaps produced er for their desire to unite with his daily living. The children see worthy by all kinds of crises. These disasters plan to bring spirits into a mortal examples of honesty displayed in cannot be adequately surmounted existence. These children will be dealing with members in the family, unless the members of the family their eternal blessing—sealed to neighborhood, and community. have been given the insight to share them into the bonds of a great family They learn the strength of virtuous the goal toward which they work. for the eternities. living and are guided around the Some families go on the "rocks" and ensnaring pitfalls of social vices. are destroyed by vicious attacks of \\7hen children bless a Latter-day The day never comes to an end or undesirable influences because their

Saint family and the happy par- the night never passes without the spiritual foundation is not secure. ents look into their little faces, they watchful care being demonstrated But families hold together who have will dedicate their lives to bring the over the moral behavior of the mem- a deep sense of loyalty to a great fullest possibilities and blessings to bers in a Latter-day Saint home. spiritual goal. The individual mem- their offspring. There will be no Faith in the noble accomplishments bers are inspired with a worthy des- serious negligence of the child's of great men and women become tiny and realize what it means to physical or spiritual needs, for that constant reminders that youthful be cut loose from a spiritual an- would disgrace a genuine Latter-day minds may aspire to become like our chorage. Saint home. As their children ma- great heroes and heroines. There are occasions when even ture, the parents will remember that The father and mother realize that the best families seem in extreme a youthful prophet was inspired to if their children depart into moral danger of being shipwrecked. The reveal that parents are accountable delinquencies it will weaken the deep abiding interest of the Church to God to teach their children correct whole social structure. The family will hasten to save such worthy fam- principles guide them must stand together and derive and to obey ilies. The Church of Jesus Christ of the fundamentals of the restored strength from struggling against the Latter-day Saints possesses the Church. difficulties which threaten its Stabil- vitality and a philosophy of family life that will rescue a struggling family. The Church has discovered e/to^ Centennial Commission — Arts Division SPECTACULAR its strength comes from standing in NEW MUSICAL loyal support to the families who (Continued on page 486)

for 4 Quick Summer Meat SALAD rs

U of U July 21 to August 9 "BISCUITS Stadium (EXCEPT SUNDAYS) BOWL Swell hot biscuits! They're easy! Just add water to Fisher's Biskit Mix and the dough's ready to pop into the An original production depicting- in drama and niusic thelrek of the Mormon Ptoneers'ond their eqrfy days in oven. Mmrrimmm— those biscuits are Great Salt take Valley. Book by. Arnold Sundgoard. n9 ALFRED DRAKE super! Get Fisher's Biskit Music by Crawford Gates. .; Dances by Helen Tamirjs. Mix ... 10 Singing of Broadway Star, 65-piece orchestra. Guest stors of stage ond screen. ' Mixes -In -One. "OKLAHOMA! ^'reeled by Dr. C. Lowell Lees. '

Reserved Seats $3.00 and $2.40. General Admission $1.20 Children 50c (tax incl.)

Mail orders must include self-addressed stamped envelope.

Address "PROMISED VALLEY," Salt Lake City 1, Utah.

"700 Years of American Painting" . . . Centennial Art Museum, State Fair Grounds. July 1 thru 29. General Admission 25c, Children 15c. Free tickets given with each ticket purchased for "PROMISED VALLEY."

TABERNACLE CHOIR CENTENNIAL CONCERTS. While they fast . . . first 25,000 reserved seats purchased for "PROMISED VALLEY" will include additional free bonus tickets to one of the following special Tabernacle Choir Concerts. Be sure to state choice of dates: July 6, "The Creation"; July 13, Helen Traubel; July 20, "The Restoration"; August 17, "The Elijah."

JULY 1947 485 )

Marriage and

the L D. S. Family

[Continued from page 485) compose its membership. Just as the members in a family stand by each other, so the Church will stand by its many families. In unity there is derived a strength that prevents a crippling crisis from destroying a family or a group of families, provided they have learned to cooperate with the saving virtues of the Church.

"Hollowing the economic and social disorganization of another world war, the family is suffering severe hardships. All the factors which go to destroy wholesome family life are exerting their disorganizing effects to break up home life. Inroads into the Latter-day Saint family are being felt. We ask: Why should divorce play havoc with those who enter marriage with hopes of eternal happiness? Although our divorce rate is approximately two and one-half times as low as the United States, it ACT*OH V.\ is still alarming. Over a period of the last twenty-five years we have had one divorce to every eighteen Of course you can unwrap a bar of marriages in the total membership of the Church. However, those who Fels-Naptha Soap without being overrun by were married in the temple by Church Authorities have been more midgets . . . but you can't use Fels-Naptha without successful in their marriages, with discovering the fastest and surest cleaning action one divorce to every twenty-six mar- you have ever had in the house. riages, while the members who were married by civil authorities, find their family ties dissolved one out of every Dirt just can't escape the Fels combination of eleven marriages. good mild soap and active naptha. matter No Evidence points to the value of or- where dirt is hidden Fels-Naptha finds it. ganized religion in supporting the stability of the family. We discover Loosens it quickly and gently. Floats it that even some Latter-day Saints away without a tattle-tale trace. who have been married in the most ideal manner come to a parting of Isn't this just the cleaning action the ways. Perhaps too much confidence was placed in the saving vir- that you need on washdays? tue of religious ordinance, and there Isn't Fels-Naptha exactly was a failure to be converted from within to the spiritual ideals that the kind of laundry soap hold the family together during the that you have been storms of adversity. How can this family trying to find? disorganization be averted? Parents are responsible for developing in their children attitudes of inward attachment for enduring values. The young people should respond by building a moral and spiritual world within themselves so Fels-Naptha Soap that they can resist rapid changes in environment. Children who have

BAN/SHES TATTLE-TALE GRAY ( Concluded on page 489 486 THE IMPROVEMENT ERA JULY 1947 487 —

awl ttid^ "Gorgeous!" Typical reaction! Fuller's new "Go-together" Wall Colors do

captivate—do fill that long-denied color craving. They were professionally created—for homes; for harmony, for high light reflection, for sheer

cleanliness, for liveability.

See them. You'll plan to use them.

They're so easy to apply. Fast to dry.

Inexpensive, too!

Have a new room new colors.

"Go-together" Colors! Beautiful.

Stimulating. Pride by the room-full!

"' w- -

FREE "knOW-how" FOLDERS Whatever you plan to

paint, Fuller has a folder telling how to do it. Simple rules for sure results. Easy! Twenty folders: ceilings, walls, woodwork, furniture, floors, etc. Ask your Fuller Paint Dealer. Get one, or get twenty. All For big painting jobs it is wise to call FREE. Free, and easy to follow. Try one. in a reputable Painting Contractor.

THERE'S A FULLER PAINT mm WALL COLORS DEALER NEAR YOU

* FULLCOAT— Soft, washable, non-reflective finish

k FULLERGLO— Eggshell, semi-gloss,- resists steam, stain

* FUL-GLOSS— Porcelain-like luster; long wearing

488 THE IMPROVEMENT ERA If every family member loves Marriage and and Beautiful works for the full realization of Spacious the L D. S. Family each other's happiness, order in the moral universe will become so thor- DISCOVERY (Concluded from page 486) oughly established that destructive ROOM... been guided in their emotional ma- influences cannot operate and shall turity and formulated spiritual ideals cease. The kingdom of our God can are not going to be easily disorgan- be established, and sin will be no ized. Children reared in this kind of more. Each son shall uphold the im home learn how to face obstacles to- honor of womanhood so there will be gether. When they begin to look no violation of virtuous living, and for a companion, they seek for one each person will be so sacred that similar family train- ... truly, a lovely who has had a the destruction of life shall cease. HOURS lace, exquisitely ing and experience in the Church. Then the long-looked-for Zion shall 5:30 A.M. ppointed.Jeatur- This helps to fortify them against in- be established, which is the pure in to 2 A. M. every day excellent trusions disorganization. of family heart. These great ideals are im- . accom- tes20tol00 The sacred ideal of family conti- bedded in the Latter-day Saint con- nuity, without disruption by divorce, cept of the family. Their faithful is taught in the sincere Latter-day realization can be achieved if each Saint home. The ideal of love glori- day our task in the family is dis- fies the home and adds a spiritual charged with love and an adherence touch of belonging to an eternal fam- to eternal principles. ily. In such a home the parents dis- What a glorious concept to be play the spiritual influence of love worthy to "pass by the angels and for each other and for their children. the gods" to our exaltation with our Love brings them together in family children solidarity so that hate, lust, jealousy, companion and into the and other vicious evils cannot de- eternities, where death and sin will stroy. When children have such a not separate or mar our lives, for we constructive environment to mature shall have overcome all our enemies their moral and religious habits into with our honorable living! wholesome behavior, they will possess the spiritual fiber to withstand intrusions of social disorganization. Old-Fashioned HThe pioneers brought the concept of the eternal nature of the EICE PUDDING family when they came into these valleys. The men loved their wives — Just the Way the and children, and the women were loyal to their husbands. Together >&M t%* Pioneers Made It! they worked, suffered, and triumphed to transform a desert into fields \v Boil 1 cup rice with 3 cups water that would supply their physical until tender (don't stir). Beat needs. Above the conquering of the L/™ well 2 eggs and add 3 tall cans desert and making it a pleasant place *^t/l Morning Milk and 1 cup water. to live they have raised another ban- yJ Add 1 cup sugar, Vz teaspoon ner, and it all nations under may salt, */2 teaspoon nutmeg, Vi tea- come to find inward peace and secur- spoon lemon extract. To this ity. They rear their children to hon- mixture add V2 package seeded or, respect, and dignify the moral or seedless raisins which have and spiritual heritage of a great reli- been washed and soaked in warm "V. gious faith. The Latter-day Saint *M water 20 minutes. Add this mix- family is held together by sacred ture to rice from which water stir bake vows and promises that are sealed by has been drained, and 45 minutes in 300 degree oven. divine authority in the temple of our „>r* Top with undiluted Morning God and will not be desecrated by Milk. Serves 12. unrighteous living.

What does this concept of the Latter-day Saint family mean in re- For Best Results Use Creamy -Rich gard to social and religious solidarity? It means that if all destructive forces are triumphed over by love in MOUSING MILK each family, evil shall have an end.

JULY 1947 489 A Cub in Size . . . but a BEAR for Work!

INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER PRESENTS /

• For all operations on farms of 40 crop quick-change, easy-to-control implements. acres or less — and truck gardens. The smooth-running 4-cylinder engine develops ap- • for special operations on truck farms. proximately 9V4 h.p. on the belt. It uses considerably • For large farms that need an extra tractor. less than a gallon of gasoline an hour. There's a com-

fortable, roomy seat . . . ample crop clearance under That's the Farmall Cub, the first tractor in history that's the

chassis . . . and "Culti -Vision" built right and priced right for a great new group of to gixe a clear, unob- tractor owners. structed view of your work. Fit the into The Cub is the newest member of the famous farmall Cub your farming operations. See it as soon as we can get one to family. It brings the advantages of the FARMALL* SYS- your International Harvester TEM OF FARMING to the small, family farm. dealer. Climb in the seat and drive it. You'll find it handles as easily as your car. It's a Cub in size, but "a BEAR for work." You get big- Farmall quality and design, plus scaled-down, small- INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER COMPANY tractor economy. And there is a full line of matched, 180 North Michigan Avenue Chicago 1, Illinois

Observe National Farm Safety Week July 20-26. *Registered trade-mark. Make every week Safety Week on the farm. ONLY International Harvester builds FARMALL Tractors.

490 THE IMPROVEMENT ERA A Century of Sacred Service {Continued from page 463) California, in Spanish. But the cam- era is versatile and copies one lan- guage as readily as another. ACKNOWLEDGMENT( should be made of the very helpful cooperation given by state archivists, librarians, or secretaries of state in North Caro- lina, Georgia, Virginia, Maryland, New Jersey, Delaware, New York, Connecticut, Rhode Island, and THEY WOKE UP Vermont. These guardians of public and genealogical records have AND DREAMED willingly permitted the microfilming of the treasures gathered into their offices over a period of years and at considerable labor and expense. During the late war the states of Virginia and Maryland filmed many of their older records. Virginia and a new home industry was born in Utah consented for our society to print positive copies of eighty-four thousand feet of such films, containing WAS 1903 and black discouragement had settled on IT with the perhaps 1,600,000 pages; and a Cache Valley's dairy farmers. They were faced necessity of giving up dairying unless additional markets project recently completed by ar- could be found for their milk. rangement with Maryland enabled But there were men of vision in the community and us to print over half a million pages they got together under the leadership of Apostle Marriner from that state. of valuable records W. Merrill and dreamed. They dreamed of an evaporated photographers In addition we have milk plant that would make it possible more economically operating in Virginia, Maryland, to distribute Cache Valley milk and to spread its fame New Jersey, and Pennsylvania copy- to distant markets. ing state and county and church rec- They built the plant. They bought milk from the far- ords. In all cases a positive copy is mers and encouraged them to increase and improve their made for the organization which herds. They named the evaporated milk for Utah's state grants permission for the microfilm- flower, the beautiful Sego Lily. That was the beginning of Sego Milk, the first evap- ing to be done. Actually three copies orated milk in the intermountain west. It has brought are developed of every record photo- many millions of dollars to western farmers in milk and graphed a positive for our library — cream checks, and to citizens in wages and the purchase shelves, negative to be held in re- a of supplies. serve for reprinting other copies as It has been constantly improved throughout the years. needed, and a second positive for Today all Sego Milk is fortified with 400 units per pint of the original owner of the record. vitamin D, the sunshine vitamin essential to the develop- Official permission was obtained ment and maintenance of strong, straight bones and sound to make reproductions on microfilm, even teeth. That is one reason why so many doctors prescribe beginning July 1, of town and Sego Milk for babies. That is why so many mothers all probate records, and indexes to vital over the west use Sego Milk for every cream and milk requirement. records in the state library, in Con- necticut. Similar arrangements have been consummated in Rhode Island and Vermont. Already a great collection of New York records has been copied. 'T'hus records innumerable are becoming available in the older sections of America. In Europe the opportunities are no less promising. Since last year in Denmark a con- tract has been in operation with Ar- SEGO MILK PRODUCTS COMPANY thur G. Hasso, archivist in Copen- Originator of Evaporated Milk in the Intermountain West Preston and Buhl, Idaho hagen, whereby he is to copy for the Plants in Richmond, Utah; Genealogical Library an estimated {Continued on page 492) JULY 1947 491 )

A Century of Sacred Service

(Continued from page 491 twelve million pages of parish, probate, census, and military records. Genealogists of repute say that with all these records accessible it should GOING TO be possible here to trace ninety-five percent of Danish lines of ancestry. Further estimates from mission pres- San Francisco? idents and others indicate that there are approximately twenty-four million pages of records in Sweden to be copied, upwards of four million If you're going to San Francisco for business or pleasure, we suggest in Norway, and over one hundred you try Southern Pacific. We have convenient train service on the million in the British Isles. Official direct Overland Route across Great Salt Lake, through Reno, over — sanction has been received to copy the High Sierra (short side trip Tahoe, if to Lake you wish) — to church and probate records in Hol- Sacramento, Oakland and San Francisco. land, but no estimate of the total Southern Pacific trains to San Francisco offer all types of accom- number of pages involved has yet modations, including low fare reclining chair cars and coaches, come to hand. economical "tourist" sleeping cars, and luxurious standard Pullmans. Heartening word from Germany indicates that the great majority of the parish registers of that country have miraculously been preserved despite the widespread destruction. In addition many thousands of microfilm copies of parish registers have been recovered. During the war the Germans developed and perfected a GOING TO type of sheet film (planifilme) for microfilming their church books, and

it is reliably reported that eighty- four pages of registers may be copied Los Angeles? on a sheet about three by eight inches, at nominal cost, and the SEE SAN FRANCISCO, TOO images can be enlarged on a special type of reading machine and appear When you go to Southern California on Southern Pacific, you see San highly legible and distinct. Francisco and many other interesting California places. Here's a In an inventive age, we may ex- still remarkable star- sample Southern Pacific ticket: to San Francisco on one of our Over- pect more and tling developments to make possible land Route trains. See the fascinating city by the Golden Gate. Then the realization of the dream of the go to Los Angeles on one of our famous streamlined Daylights— via. pioneers. In the past century much the Coast Line through Santa Barbara and 100 miles along the Pacific has been achieved. But we are still Ocean's edge, with short side trip to Monterey Peninsula; or the San pioneers, and this is only a small Joaquin Valley Line with side trips to Yosemite and the Big Trees. beginning compared with the tre- From Los Angeles you can return via San Francisco or direct line. mendous strides this unselfish labor (Trip via San Francisco costs only slightly more than via direct fine.) will make in the generations to follow. Unlimited supplies of records How to see the whole Pacific Coast! will necessitate the construction of modern archives to house them safe- Southern Pacific is the only railroad with lines up and down the Pacific ly, and the utilization of latest de- Coast. Let us show you how you can see this scenic wonderland on vices for copying and making them your next trip to Los Angeles, San Francisco or Portland. available to the genealogical public. More records will require more tem- TICKET OFFICE, 14 SO. MAIN STREET: You can buy rail and Pull- ples and still more temples, and the man tickets and get travel information at our convenient ticket office. skilful training of tens of thousands Telephone 3-2601 or write O. V. Gibson, General Agent, Southern of genealogical and temple workers. Pacific, 14 South Main Street, Salt Lake City 1. Said Elder Nephi Anderson, a former secretary of the Genealogical Society, many years ago: The friendly ... let me suggest the future of this work,. S*P Southern Pacific I see the records of the dead and their his- 492 THE IMPROVEMENT ERA A CENTURY OF SACRED SERVICE Hole in the Rock tories gathered from every nation under tration and checking, so that the work in {Continued from page 435) heaven to one great central library in Zion the temples may be conducted without con- the crack. It would be no easy task —the largest and best-equipped for its par- fusion or duplication. to lower thirty men over that ledge ticular work in the world. Branch libraries And so throughout the years, reaching every morning and pull them back may be established in those nations, but in into the millennium of peace, this work of up at night. Yet it seemed the only Zion will be the records of last resort and salvation will go on, until every worthy final authority. Trained genealogists will soul that can be found from earthly records way. There was no visible alterna- find constant work in all the nations having will have been searched out and officiated tive. "I was only jesting to brace unpublished records, searching among the for; and then the unseen world will come myself," he explained. "Building a archives for families and family connections. to our aid, the broken links will be joined, road like this has never been done Then, as temples multiply, and the work and the purposes of God in placing salva- before, and I don't know how it's enlarges to its ultimate proportions, this tion within the reach of all will have been 8 Society, or some organization growing out consummated. going to be done now." of this Society, will have in its care some "Neither do I, Kumen. I only 8 The Utah Genealogical and Historical Magazine. elaborate but perfect system of exac^regis- January 1912, vol. 3, pp. 21. 22 know that it's got to be done." Kumen measured the sheer cliff with his eyes. "That's a mean drop, here at the top. A road will have to be a ladder to stand against it."

"Those Welsh miners can fix it if anybody can. Bishop Nielson is

a determined man; I'll leave him in charge." Kumen looked up in surprise. "We have so little dynamite,"

Silas explained, "that it is hardly worth setting off. I'm going back and get some more." "It's going to snow." Kumen looked up at the gathering clouds.

"I hope it does, else there'll be no water to keep the camp alive! I'll go first to the Church heads, then to the Territorial Legislature. We must have help and have it soon!" "This ledge may be the least of our barriers," Kumen said, remembering the defeats he and the other scouts had encountered trying to map a road ahead. "Do you know Lemuel Redd?" Silas asked. "Not well," Kumen answered. "He's a man to admire, Kumen. He and the three Georges—George Sevy, George Hobbs, and George Morrell—will scout a way through to San Juan or die in the attempt. Brother Lyman has selected them." A shadow came into Kumen's eyes. His had been the first name called to the San Juan Mission. He had hoped to be the first of the company to set foot upon the soil of his dream. "A piece of scouting that will make history," he said. "If we live to get through, this whole trek will make history," Silas affirmed. "Our fate is in the hands iRDEN SUNFREZE of five men." Kumen looked up hopefully. • ® ICE MILK BUTTER CREAM CREAM "Five?" he asked. BUTTERMILK "God—and the four scouts," Silas answered, smiling into Kumen's {Continued on page 494) JULY 1947 493 —:

where she stopped and looked sober- "And with two packs and two Hole in the Rock ly around. riding horses we'll get through," {Continued from page 493) Morrell scrambled to his feet. George Hobbs said and rode out of eyes. "I know you'd like to go with "Thanks, Marthy. Now make your the camp, followed by the other them, Son. And so would I! Brother bow!" The scout laughed. He put three scouts. Lyman will be in charge here. He his huge hand on Marthy's head and There was a long cheer. "Pray will need you and others like you to shoved it down, wagging her floppy God they get through," Piatt Lyman help him." ears in greeting. "She's for chuck!" said. Silas turned and walked away. Lemuel H. Redd walked up to "Amen to dot prayer, Brudder "CVeryone at the Hole in the Rock Marthy and studied her critically. Lyman," Jens Nielson answered. "I gathered to see the four scouts "I've got a mule not much bigger pray God ve all get through." leave for Montezuma. Any pessi- than this burro," he said. "If we mism regarding the scouts' chances can take a burro down, we can take for success was being dispelled by a mule." the jovial attitude of the scouts "I have a horse not much bigger themselves. than Brother Redd's mule," George Seeing that only three of the Sevy said. "If we can take a mule scouts were present, someone asked down, we can take a horse." "Where's George Morrell?" The crowd began to laugh. Joseph "Vy, here he comes," Jens Niel- Lillywhite came forward, grinning son cried, pointing across the flats. broadly. "I have a horse no larger He began to chuckle. "Ya. And he than the Sevy horse," he said. "You is trying to convince a burro to come can take that, too!" vith him, Ven he pull, she pull too "Lead out, Hobbs!" George Sevy only de other vay! It is funny. Ya." cried. "We'll follow!" His voice was There was a minute of laughter as dead serious. He looked over the the crowd watched the maneuvers crowd, challenging anyone to dis- of Morrell and his burro. Suddenly, agree. as if tired of the game, the little "Let's lose no more time in talk, shaggy creature lunged ahead, top- then, boys," Lem Redd advised. pling Morrell over and dragging "We can be down to the river by TEA GARDEN also makes SYRUP him into the center of the crowd, night." PRESERVES -MARMALADE 'GRAPE JUICE

m^.^<—imi,'ii ii—^-waaWk^—Mfc.'^M^a^.'^—>, iwiMiik vmrHwn, i» BH^'wnGonv^

In the years ahead you'll be able to ENJOY EVEN BETTER LIVING

A host of marvelous new Electric

Servants are now in the making

to bring you greater freedom,

more comforts and less work at

extremely modest cost.

BUY FROM YOUR DEALER

A UTAH POWER & LIGHT COMPANY MESSAGE

494 THE IMPROVEMENT ERA Hole in the Rock

"pORTY-SEVEN men went to work on the crack. Beginning at dawn of Your cleaning each day, they worked until it was too late at night to see. Yet the last of December came, and the Hole in the Rock road was hardly begun. PAR trier! "We've got to go faster than this," Ben Perkins said to his brother, Hy~ rum, one morning just before Christ- The Quality Soap for mas. "If we don't, we'll all starve, PAR-ticular Housewives caught in this desert trap." "There's at least nine feet of snow on the Escalante Divide," Hyrum said, sharing his brother's anxiety. "I wonder if President Smith got through to Salt Lake. We need dynamite." "That we do, worse than we need food—and that's pretty bad. In many camps there is not a morsel to eat except ground and parched horse feed, boiled and made into soup!" Ben Perkins paused, and there was a worried frown between his eyes. "I wish we'd hear from the four scouts, Hy," he continued. "They took about enough food to last them for eight days—and they've already been gone fourteen!" "That means that they will have to live on the country, and if it's as

sparse of game as it is here, they'll never get through." "Where are we going to get our timbers for this dugway, Ben?" Hyrum asked, studying the work BRING THE WEST'S II already done. "We can't do much more without it." "President Smith said he'd make

arrangements for it in Escalante, Hy. SERVICE TO YOUR It was to be floated down the Escal- ante River to the Colorado, along HOME TOWN with the timbers for the raft. May- The Kolob Agent in your community has the ideal be it's down there now." answer to all your insurance needs. He can offer you "I believe I'll hike down to the efficiency and thoroughness in planning . . . promptness

river and see, Ben," Hyrum said, and fairness in settlement of claims . . . and complete crawling out from the trench they coverage through large, old-line stock companies. As had dug in the solid rock along the a representative of the Intermountain West's largest General Insurance Agency, we are certain you will side of the cliff. "My legs are profit by making his acquaintance. cramped, I'll—Ben! Look out!" Hyrum threw himself against his More than 300 Individual KOLOB AGENTS brother, and they went down, flat throughout Utah, Idaho, Montana and Nevada against the base of the narrow crevice, a split second before a huge slab of rock, loosened from the cliff above, crashed into the crack, where they were at work, balanced a mere foot above their prostrate bodies. The two brothers rolled away from each other, cautiously flat, barely ii breathing. There was no time to 330 Judge Bldg. Frank Salisbury, Mgr. Phone 4-8451

( Continued on page 496 ) JULY 1947 495 )

HOLE IN THE ROCK

{Continued from page 495) on which Hy was trying to squirm "Ben, the next time death is that

lose. One could not follow the other. free. Ben made no sound to startle close, I don't want to know it!" They must squirm out at opposite his brother, to hurry him, or to help "We could have had our dugway sides, for the slab was settling, slow- him. There was an agonized minute ready for the timbers, Hy!" The ly but surely settling into the crevice, before Hy pulled himself free, and, practical Benjamin Perkins said. pressing against their backs. The scarcely a second later, the slab set- "Now we've got to start all over!" slightest movement might mean tled into the space where they had A moment later the ring of their death, yet to move was their only lain. sledge hammers filled the long, hol- chance! The two brothers eyed each other low crack, and the Hole in the Rock Ben was the first to free himself, solemnly across the slab of sand- road went on.

but he was separated from his broth- stone. Hyrum was the first to speak. ( To be continued er by the giant, two-ton slab. He could only pray. The rock was slipping to the lower side, the side

To Omaha-Chicago and Fort Worth -Dallas

If • you're planning to go East or South . . . make the most of your trip ... Go Burlington! From Salt Lake City, the popular Exposition Flyer glides you through the spectacular scenery of the Moffat Tun- nel Route in daylight hours. It leaves Salt Lake City at 8:15 p.m. and arrives in Chicago at 9:45 the second morning. For passengers stopping off in Denver en route to Chicago, the Denver Zephyr provides convenient service, leaving Denver at 4:00 p.m., arriving in Chicago at 8:35 next morning. If you're going South, ride the famous streamlined Texas Zephyr. You'll like the convenient connection with the A regular, PLANNED Savings Program

means you get that home oi your Exposition Flyer at Denver . . . and speedy luxury travel

dreams quicker . . . means you'll have between Denver and Fort Worth-Dallas. the money for the down payment, and All of these trains offer comfortable coaches with reclining all the little individual "extras" you've planned. Save by mail or in person seats ... a variety of sleeping accommo-

. . . but open your account NOW. dations . . . spotless diners serving delicious As little as $1. will start you. meals . . . and clean, comfortable air con- ditioning. All are Joseph E. Kjar, Pres. —Alex E. Carr, Secy. Diesel-powered for smooth, effortless speed.

DESERET For truly enjoyable travel . . . Burlington FEDERAL Go BURLINGTON J. H. GREGORY, General Agent - SAVINGS AND LOAN ASSN. 218 Keams Bldg. • Phone: 3-6465 44 So. Main Salt Lake Salt Lake City 1, Utah 496 THE IMPROVEMENT ERA ,

URPHGEnn

YOUR PAGE AND OURS for the Centennial month deals with some of the authors whose work appears in the pages of ADDRESSES OF L.D.S. SERVICEMEN'S HOMES this issue in order that you may feel closer to them and learn 1104 24th St., Cor. 24th & "C," San Diego, Calif. some of the sidelights concerning their lives and activities. 1836 Alice St., Oakland, Calif. 615 "F" St., Marysville, Calif. 1594 So. Beretania St., Honolulu, T.H. "One Hundred Years of

Scouting" page 430 . . . was appointed Scout executive of the Ogden Area Council of the Boy Scouts of America in September of 1923, following shortly his return from a most successful mission in the Central States where he served as 1930. This awareness was intensified when he accepted the secretary to President Samuel O. Bennion. His leadership in call to the forest service in Ogden, Utah, as forest ecologist this area soon won regional and even national recognition for in 1930, where he has continued to serve. His particular assign- him, since his unusual methods brought undeniable success. ment is to take charge of investigations on range reseeding in order to study means of revegetating deteriorated ranges. When we asked President Young if there were anything he wanted included in this sketch, he replied with characteristic In connection with this work he has published valuable ma- youthful humor: "Don't know of anything, except a case of terial in pamphlets and in journal articles in addition to two scarlet fever and six doses of seven years itch on my last books, Alfalfa Growing in the United States and Canada, and mission. [At the present time, Elder Young is president of with Dr. Franklin S. Harris Principles of Agronomy, which latter the New England States Mission.] My mother is always a work has gone into two editions. Both books were published little insulted when my biographers don't include the fact that by Macmillan Company of New York. I am a great-grandson of Brigham Young on my mother's side, His current Church activities include the offices of chairman and my Aunt Hortense said I should always use the name of the agricultural committee of the Northern Utah Region of 'Seymour' to keep it alive—so there you are. If you can satisfy the Church welfare plan, chairman of the Scout committee for Mother and Aunt Hote, and keep within the bounds of sense the Church, and a member of the general board of the Young and reason, I'll be happy." And then as a postscript, "I'm on Men's Mutual Improvement Association. the job the first day this morning; feel like a driver of a five mule team driving a twenty mule outfit for the first time." HOY WES1 "Marriage and the Latter-day Saint Is it any wonder that people love him and respond whole- Family" page 456 . . . received his B.S. and M.S. degrees in heartedly to his leadership? sociology from the Utah State Agricultural College. For a year he served as research assistant in rural sociology at the Univer- sity of Wisconsin, and the following year he was granted a "The Mormons in the Build- fellowship from the Social Science Research Council in New ing of the West" page 464 . . . has spent a full life in teaching York, to study the Mormon family. and in writing, in addition to keeping active in the Church and rearing a fine Latter-day Saint family. He received his Doctor For several years he has been engaged as a teacher of re- of Philosophy degree from the University of California at ligious education with the department of education of the Berkeley, in September 1935. During his pursuit of his higher Church. At the present time he is research director in the degrees, Dr. Hunter also served as principal of the Latter-day Church department of education as well as director of religious Saint seminaries at Lyman, Wyoming; at Ferrin, Utah; and education at the L.D.S. Business College. Moreover, he serves at Provo, Utah. as bishop of the Eleventh Ward, Emigration Stake. Elder has At the time of his call to the office in the First Council of West also published two worth-while books: the Seventy, Elder Hunter was teacher at the Latter-day Saint Introduction to the Study of the Book of Mormon and Family Eternal. Institute, Logan, Utah, where he not only taught but also advised and socialized with the fine young people in their recrea- tional gatherings. ^FRI "A Promise and Its Fulfilment" page articles His publications in addition to innumerable to his- 428 . . . won our hearts when he said that he considered one torical journals include: Brigham Young the Colonizer, The of his major accomplishments the acquiring of Arline Martin- Mormons and the American Frontier, Utah in Her Western dale as his wife, together with the recent addition of a baby Setting, Beneath Ben Lomond's Peak, Gospel Through the daughter, Colleen. (Melchizedek Priesthood of of Ages course study 1946), God's Elder Scott served in the United States Army for thirty Chosen People (M and Gleaner Girl manual, 1946-1947), Men months, attaining the rank of first lieutenant, and reaching Utah, the Story People of Her (a Centennial history of Utah) Tokyo. He graduated second in scholastic attainments from and Indian Stories. Utah high school. He attended the University of Utah for two years prior to his serving in the Western States Mission. Following "Science Confirms the his army experience he enrolled again and is continuing in business administration and radio speech. is active in Word of Wisdom" page 428 . . . has an astounding number He of accomplishments for one so young. A graduate of the Uni- campus affairs. versity of Utah in 1926, he received his medical degree from Church responsibilities have not been crowded out of a Northwestern University in 1929. He is a member of the busy life. He has been active in scouting all his life and is a American Academy of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology Master M Man. He served as secretary successively in his and director of the American Academy of Nutrition for 1947- Aaronic Priesthood quorums, was ward clerk for two years, 48. In addition, he served on the faculty of the medical school stake secretary of the Sunday School for two years at the of the University of Southern California from 1934 to 1941. same time that he was teaching a Senior Scout class in his His Church activities, in addition to the rearing of a fine ward. At present he Latter-day Saint family, include three years spent as a mission- is engaged by the gen- ary to Germany, from 1922 to 1925, as well as serving as eral information and bishop of San Pedro Ward, Long Beach Stake, since 1939. statistics committee of the Church and serves as superintendent of "Mountain Waters: Our the Lincoln Ward Heritage and Obligation" page 448 , . . became alert to the Sunday School while needs of conservation when he served as agronomist at the he is attending the Utah State Agricultural College, Logan, Utah, from 1922 to university.

JULY 1947 497 Promontory Point, Utah, May 10, 1869. Here the last rail of America's first transcontinental railroad was laid. After Governor Leland Stanford drove the Golden Spike, east-west train crews joined hands—nation-wide telegraphy flashed the news that Union and Pacific states were joined, via Union Pacific. A Pioneer In Western Railroad Development

TT was only 22 years after the L. D. S. Pio- culture thrived where the railroad paved the neers arrived in Utah that the final link of way. In the great intiermountain area served America's first transcontinental railroad was by Union Pacific, there still is land to be tilled, laid. minerals to be unearthed, livestock to be raised, room for new homes and industrial and agri- In the 78 years which have elapsed since that cultural expansion. time, great changes have occurred in America's transportation system. Union Pacific takes this occasion to acknowl- edge the outstanding achievements of the With the coming of the railroad, the western Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. frontiers were conquered. It brought men, It pledges its continued participation in the implements for building homes and towns, development of the Intermountain West by transportation for marketing products. Then providing efficient, dependable, safe transpor- factories were built. And industries and agri- tation.

In addition to splendid freight service. Union Pacific also provides Salt Lake City with excellent passenger transportation; the daily Streamliner "City of Los Angeles" operating every day including Sunday to Chicago and Los Angeles ... the daily Los Angeles Limited, Chicago-Los Angeles ... the daily Streamliner "City of St. Louis" and daily Pony Express for passengers going to Denver, Kansas City, St. Louis or the West Coast. UNION PACIFIC RAILROAD

498 THE IMPROVEMENT ERA A TERRIBLE STRUGGLE BUT A GREAT ACCOMPLISHMENT

E are celebrating this year of 1947 a Mountains. With patience and great hard- Centennial. On July 24. 1847. the first ships they jarred loose large blocks of this

Mormon people entered this valley after building material and transported it to the spot a long trip of hardships over a thousand miles where the Temple now stands, shaping and of wilderness that seemed impossible to pene- chiseling this stone to perfection so that today trate. They came in crude implements of trans- this beautiful structure stands as a great edi- portation that are now almost unknown to the fice of strength and taste. Perhaps this will present generation. When they arrived at the stand and last as long as the pyramids of Egypt. mouth of a canyon west of the Wasatch Range, As this large wilderness was turned into a now known as Emigration Canyon, their great fertile territory, railroads came and penetrated leader, Brigham Young, stopped to take a view this part of the country and with it people of and observation of this valley which was then other denominations and faiths settled here. a part of the great American Desert and he Those of other faiths who settled here built said, "This is the place." On this spot now many churches in which to worship and per- stands a monument of great historical signifi- petuate their religion and live together with the cance and importance—a structure to memorial- Mormon people peacefully. The writer is one ize the end of their long journey. of those who came as a young man in the year Thousands upon thousands came through this 1890 and has made Salt Lake City his home canyon during the years shortly after that time, ever since. joining their brethren to settle and work to- Today we have a state with a new star added gether with them. They built irrigation ditches to the Union of our nation which is a credit and raised crops which millions of grasshoppers to the whole United States, but the Mormon destroyed and, as a result, hunger and starva- people were the pioneers who had the courage tion looked them in the face but, as an act of and endurance to bring about this change of God, sea gulls came along by the thousands a desert into a country that now blossoms as a and devoured these pests so that some of the rose. We should offer up a silent prayer of crops were saved. thanks for this change, and as we keep living Then as more immigrants arrived, they and working together with the descendants of branched out through this vast area. Wher- the early pioneers who lived and died for the ever they found water to irrigate, they raised cause and a belief in God, we should love and more crops and made farms and then built respect them for what they have accomplished small towns and later cities so that today this in the past and that they are, with others, work- once desolate country is now a wonderful won- ing and building still a better state for the bene-

derland of great importance. fit and interest of mankind. Immediately they started to build the Taber- Books have been written and more could be nacle which is world renowned, in which they published to tell the world what these pioneers

worshiped according to their faith. Later they endured and achieved, so I join with the rest built the Temple not far from the site of the of my fellow citizens to give thanks and appre- Tabernacle. Forty years they were in the proc- ciation for this great accomplishment and deep

ess of building it from eternal granite which gratitude to those who are taking part in mak- they obtained twenty miles away in the Wasatch ing this Centennial a success.

Geo. Mueller President, Royal Baking Company

JULY 1947 499 crafting shoes and boots in ZCMI'S first

workrooms knew the value of quality in goods and workmanship

. , . and this has become the heritage of the modern ZCMl

merchandiser who, from a world of products, chooses the

finest for the people of the intermountain area.

500 THE IMPROVEMENT ERA '

jUuAR- ajfim^k

"V* •

'Painted for McCall's by Ivan C. Oliinky

Not guns and planes and marching feet fc . . For more than half a century, sugar production not tyranny and ruthless might; but men and has helped build countless communities of the women who, with sharpened stick or plow, ox West, providing a cash crop for the farmer, em- team of tractor, till the earth and plant it, gather ployment for the worker and preserve its harvest against the wintertime —and sugar of highest of need. These are the true conquerors who quality for the needs of subdue the earth and have dominion over it. the thrifty housewife. iUGAR U and I Sugar is perfect for every cooking, canning, freezing, or table use.

UTAH-IDAHO SUGAR CD.

General Offices: Salt Lake City, Utah .

"... UNTO A LAND

THAT I WILL SHOW THEE"

Who guided those first Pioneers into the wilderness? By what faith did they cross barren waste- lands - - home of the Red

Man - - to fertile valleys far beyond? ->? Who schooled these strangers, from shipyard, mine and town, to lead the water

where water never ran . . making the desert rejoice and become a fruitful field? ^m

THE IMPROVEMENT . RETURN "UAiS^TEE^

tosorge Srr=?th rrst AlbeM :