European Union Law 4Th Edition Frontmatter More Information

Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-46359-1 — European Union Law 4th Edition Frontmatter More Information

European Union Law

As the preferred choice on EU law for both teachers and students, this textbook offers an unrivalled combination of expertise, accessibility and comprehensive coverage. Written in a way which combines clarity with sophisticated analysis, it stimulates students to engage fully with the sometimes complex material, and encourages critical reﬂection. The new edition reﬂects the challenges facing the European Union now, with dedicated chapters on Brexit, the migration crisis and the euro area, and with further Brexit materials and analysis integrated wherever relevant. Materials from case law, legislation and academic litera- ture are integrated throughout to present the student with the broadest range of views and deepen understanding of the context of the law. A dedicated site introduces students to the wide- ranging debates found in blogs on EU law, EU affairs more generally and Brexit. A required text for all interested in European Union law.

Damian Chalmers is Professor of EU law and Law of Regional Integration at the National University of Singapore. He was previously Professor at the London School of Economics and Political Science where he was Head of its European Institute for four years. He was co-editor of the European Law Review for six years, and has held Visiting Positions at, inter alia, the College of Europe, the EUI, NYU, the CEU and the Instituto de Empresa. Gareth Davies is Professor of EU law at the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. He previously worked as a barrister in London before becoming a University Lecturer at the University of Groningen until 2007. In 2006 he was an Emile Noel Fellow at New York University Law School, and in 2014 a Fernand Braudel Senior Fellow at the EUI. Giorgio Monti is Professor of Competition Law at the European University Institute and the Ronald Coase Visiting Professor of Law and Economics at Tilburg University for 2018-19. He is the Scientiﬁc Coordinator of the Florence Competition Programme, which provides judicial and executive training in the ﬁeld of competition law. Since 2017 he has been one of the Editors of the Common Market Law Review.

European Union Law TEXT AND MATERIALS

FOURTH EDITION

Damian Chalmers National University of Singapore

Gareth Davies Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam

Giorgio Monti European University Institute, Florence

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www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9781108463591 DOI: 10.1017/9781108654173 © Damian Chalmers, Gareth Davies and Giorgio Monti 2019 This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 2019 Printed and bound in Great Britain by Clays Ltd, Elcograf S.p.A. A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Chalmers, Damian, author. | Davies, Gareth, author. | Monti, Giorgio, author. Title: European Union law : text and materials / Damian Chalmers, National University of Singapore; Gareth Davies, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam; Giorgio Monti, European University Institute, Florence. Description: Fourth edition. | Cambridge, United Kingdom : Cambridge University Press, 2019. | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identiﬁers: LCCN 2018059108 | ISBN 9781108463591 (paperback) Subjects: LCSH: Law–European Union countries. | European Union. | LCGFT: Textbooks. Classiﬁcation: LCC KJE947 .E883 2019 | DDC 341.242/2–dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018059108 ISBN 978-1-108-46359-1 Paperback Additional resources for this publication at www.cambridge.org/chalmers4e Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate.

Brief Contents

Map xix Preface xxi Abbreviations xxvii Table of Cases xxix Table of Treaties, Instruments and Legislation lxxxi Table of Equivalents ciii Informative EU Related Websites and Blogs cix Time Line cxi

1 European Integration and the Treaty on European Union 1

2 The EU Institutions 57

3 Lawmaking 111

4 The EU Judicial Order 158

5 The Authority of EU Law 202

6 Fundamental Rights 249

7 Rights and Remedies in Domestic Courts 289

8 The Infringement Proceedings 328

9 Judicial Review 364

10 Brexit 406

11 Citizenship of the Union 466

vi Brief Contents

12 Non-EU Nationals 527

13 Equal Opportunities Law and Policy 574

14 The Internal Market 626

15 Economic and Monetary Union 656

16 The Free Movement of Goods 695

17 The Free Movement of Services 734

18 The Pursuit of an Occupation in Another Member State 780

19 Trade Restrictions and Public Goods 820

20 EU Competition Law: Function and Enforcement 865

21 Antitrust and Monopolies 918

22 State Aid Law 970

Index 1009

Contents

Map xix Preface xxi Abbreviations xxvii Table of Cases xxix Table of Treaties, Instruments and Legislation lxxxi Table of Equivalents ciii Informative EU Related Websites and Blogs cix Time Line cxi

1 European Integration and the Treaty on European Union 1 1 Introduction 2 2 Europe and the European Union 4 (i) The Idea of Europe 4 (ii) The Idea of ‘European Union’ 7 3 The European Communities 11 (i) From the Treaty of Paris to the Treaty of Rome 11 (ii) The EEC Treaty 13 (iii) The Emergence of Two Visions of EU Law: The Intergovernmental and the Supranational 14 (iv) The Initial Enlargements 17 (v) The Single European Act 18 4 The Establishment of the European Union 20 (i) The Road to Maastricht 20 (ii) Maastricht and the Union’s Three Legitimation Strategies 21 (iii) The Treaty of Amsterdam 25 5 Recasting the Borders of the European Union 27 6 The Road to Lisbon: The Decade of Institutional Reform 29 (i) The Road to the Constitutional Treaty 29 (ii) The Lisbon Treaty 31 (a) The Consolidation of EU Competencies and Two Treaties of Equal Value: The Treaty on European Union and the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union 32 (b) The Lisbon Treaty and the Pursuit of Democratic Values 35 (c) Lisbon and the Recasting of the Union Public Sphere 38 7 The European Union and the Era of Crisis 38 (i) The Sovereign Debt Crisis 40 (a) Emergency Politics and the Salvaging of Euro Area Finances 40 (b) The Disciplining of Fiscal and Economic Governance: The ‘Six-Pack’ and the Fiscal Compact 41

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(c) The Increasing Government of the Euro Area by the European Central Bank 43 (ii) Brexit 45 (a) The 2016 Referendum to Leave the European Union 45 (b) The Withdrawal Negotiations 46 (c) The United Kingdom’s Relations with the European Union after Brexit 48 (d) Managing the Domestic Legal Consequences of Brexit 50 (iii) The Crisis of Liberal Values 52 Further Reading 56

2 The EU Institutions 57 1 Introduction 58 2 The EU Institutions and the Institutional Framework 59 3 The Commission 63 (i) The Commission Bureaucracy 63 (a) The College of Commissioners 63 (b) The Directorates General 66 (c) The Cabinets 67 (ii) The Powers of the Commission 67 (a) Legislative and Quasi-Legislative Powers 68 (b) Agenda-Setting 72 (c) Executive Powers 77 (d) Supervisory Powers 78 (iii) Regulatory Agencies and the Commission 80 4 The Council of Ministers 82 (i) The Powers and Workings of the Council 82 (ii) Decision-Making within the Council 84 (iii) The Management of the Council: The Presidency and COREPER 87 5 The European Council 89 (i) The Institution of the European Council 89 (ii) The Powers of the European Council 89 (iii) The European Council within the EU Institutional Settlement 92 6 The European Parliament 94 (i) The Composition and Authority of the European Parliament 94 (ii) The Powers of the European Parliament 97 (a) The Legislative Powers of the European Parliament 99 (b) Powers over the Executive 99 (c) The Power of Parliamentary Government? 101 (d) The Financial Powers of the Parliament 102 7 The Principle of Transparency 103 (i) The Scope of the Right of Access to Documents 103 (ii) The Exceptions to the Right of Access to Documents 104 Further Reading 109

3 Lawmaking 111 1 Introduction 111 2 Types of EU Law 113 (i) Binding Laws 113 (ii) Soft Law 116 3 The Allocation of Legislative Procedures 119 4 The Legislative Procedures 121 (i) The Ordinary Legislative Procedure 121 (a) The Central Features of the Ordinary Legislative Procedure 121

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(b) The European Parliament as a Rival Agenda-Setter to the Commission 123 (c) The Trilogue 124 (ii) The Consultation Procedure 128 (iii) The Consent Procedure 131 5 National Parliaments 132 (i) National Parliaments Inputting into EU Lawmaking 133 (ii) Policing the Subsidiarity Principle 135 (iii) National Parliaments: A Third Legislative Chamber? 137 6 Differentiated Lawmaking 138 (i) Differentiated Integration and the EU Treaties 138 (ii) The Practice of Differentiated Rule-Making beyond Enhanced Cooperation 143 7 Comitology 146 (i) The Committee Procedures 146 (ii) The Practice of Comitology 149 8 EU Lawmaking: The Measure of its Democracy 151 Further Reading 157

4 The EU Judicial Order 158 1 Introduction 158 2 The Court of Justice of the European Union 160 (i) The Court of Justice 160 (ii) The General Court 163 3 The Architecture of the EU Judicial Order 166 (i) Article 267 TFEU and its Progenies 166 (ii) The Structuring of Interaction between the Court of Justice and National Courts by Article 267 TFEU 168 (iii) The Autonomy of the EU Judicial Order 170 (iv) The Subjects of the EU Judicial Order 177 4 The Functions of the Union Judicial Order 180 (i) The Development of EU Law 180 (ii) Judicial Review of EU Institutions 182 (iii) Preserving the Unity of EU Law 184 (iv) Dispute Resolution 186 5 The Management of the EU Judicial Order 188 (i) Managing the Circumstances in which National Courts Refer 188 (ii) The Binding Effects of Court of Justice Judgments 196 6 The Authority of the European Union Courts in the United Kingdom after Brexit 197 (i) The Authority of the Court of Justice during the Transition Period 197 (ii) The Endurance of the Preliminary Reference Procedure after the Transition Period 198 (iii) The Enduring Effects of Court of Justice Judgments after Brexit 199 Further Reading 200

5 The Authority of EU law 202 1 Introduction 202 2 The Genesis of EU Legal Authority 204 3 The Claims of EU Legal Authority 208 (i) The Autonomy of EU Law 208 (ii) The Primacy of EU Law 209 (iii) Pre-Emption 210 (iv) The Fidelity Principle 212 4 The Foundations of EU Legal Authority 215 (i) The Pedigree of EU Legal Authority 215 (ii) Reasons for EU Legal Authority 217

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(iii) Mediating Challenges to EU Legal Authority 219 5 The Conditional Authority of EU Law 224 (i) National Courts’ Qualiﬁed Acceptance of the Authority of EU Law 224 (ii) EU Law and Fundamental Rights 227 (iii) Ultra Vires Review 231 (iv) EU Law and Identity Review 235 (v) Dynamic EU Laws and Parliamentary Review 240 6 The Authority of EU Law in the United Kingdom after Brexit 243 (i) Existing EU Law after Brexit 243 (ii) Retained EU Law and Other United Kingdom Law 246 (iii) The Status of EU Laws Adopted after Brexit 247 Further Reading 248

6 Fundamental Rights 249 1 Introduction 249 2 Fundamental Rights and the Schema of the Treaties 251 (i) Fundamental Rights as the Premise for the EU Legal Order 251 (ii) The Sources of EU Fundamental Rights 252 (iii) EU Fundamental Rights and Policing Domestic Constitutional Breakdown 253 3 The European Charter of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms 255 4 General Principles of Law 260 5 Standard of Protection of EU Fundamental Rights 263 (i) Interpretation and the European Union Context 263 (ii) The Formal Parameters of Interpretation 264 (iii) Fundamental Rights and a Union Vision of Individual Autonomy 266 6 Fundamental Rights and the Institutional Scheme of the European Union 272 (i) Fundamental Rights and the EU Institutions 272 (ii) Fundamental Rights and the Member States 276 (a) Fundamental Rights and the Sensitivities of National Law 276 (b) The Scope of Fundamental Rights Review over National Measures 277 7 Brexit and EU Fundamental Rights 281 8 EU Fundamental Rights and Domestic Authoritarianism 284 Further Reading 288

7 Rights and Remedies in Domestic Courts 289 1 Introduction 289 2 Direct Effect and the Development of Individual Rights 291 (i) Van Gend en Loos and the Early Hesitant Conceptions of an EU Right 291 (ii) Relaxing the Criteria: Towards a Test of Justiciability 293 (iii) The Emergence of Horizontal Direct Effect 294 3 Remedies and Procedures in Domestic Courts 296 (i) The Right to Effective Judicial Protection 296 (ii) Union Oversight of Domestic Remedies and Procedures 300 (iii) EU Law Remedies and Procedures in Domestic Courts 302 4 Direct Effect and EU Secondary Laws 303 (i) Regulations and International Agreements 303 (ii) The Vertical Direct Effect of Directives 303 (iii) Directives and the Burdens and Rights of Third Parties 307 (iv) The Duty to Refrain from Compromising the Result Prescribed by the Directive 309 5 Indirect Effect 310 6 State Liability 314 (i) The Establishment of State Liability 314

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(ii) The Conditions of Liability 316 (iii) Liability for Acts of Judicial Institutions 320 7 The Duty to Disapply EU Law and Fundamental Rights 322 8 EU Law in United Kingdom Courts after Brexit 325 Further Reading 326

8 The Infringement Proceedings 328 1 Introduction 328 2 The Different Dimensions to the Infringement Proceedings 330 (i) Policing Compliance with EU Law 331 (ii) Securing Effective Performance of Union Policies 335 (iii) A Framework for Structuring Domestic Accommodation of EU Law’s Demands 338 3 The Scope of Member State Responsibilities 341 (i) The Acts and Omissions of all State Agencies 341 (ii) The Accountability of State Actors 344 4 The Three Stages of the Article 258 TFEU Proceedings 346 (i) The Informal Pre-Litigation Stage: The Initial Screening and Resolution of Potential Infringements 347 (ii) The Formal Pre-Litigation Stage 348 (iii) The Reasoned Opinion and the Period for National Compliance 349 5 The Administration of the Infringement Proceedings 352 (i) The Commission’s Discretion over the Management of the Proceedings 352 (ii) Complainants and Article 258 TFEU 356 6 Sanctions and Article 260 TFEU 357 (i) Article 260 TFEU and the Two Routes to Sanctions 357 (ii) The Procedure for Failure to Transpose a Directive 358 (iii) The Procedure for Failure to Comply with a Court Judgment 359 (iv) The Sanctions Levied under Article 260 TFEU 361 Further Reading 363

9 Judicial Review 364 1 Introduction 365 2 The Scope of Judicial Review and Article 263 TFEU 366 3 Grounds of Review 369 (i) Lack of Competence 369 (ii) Manifest Error of Assessment and Abuse of Power 371 (iii) Rights of Process 374 (a) Rights of Defence 374 (b) The Right to a Hearing 376 (c) The Right to Good Administration 377 (iv) Infringement of the Treaties or of any Rule of Law Relating to their Application 379 (a) Non-Discrimination 379 (b) Legal Certainty 381 (c) Legitimate Expectations 381 (d) Subsidiarity 383 (e) Proportionality 385 4 Standing under Article 263 TFEU 388 (i) Privileged and Semi-Privileged Applicants 388 (ii) Non-Privileged Applicants 389 (a) The Distinction between Regulatory Acts and Other Acts 389 (b) Direct Concern 390 (c) The Absence of Implementing Measures for Regulatory Acts 391 (d) Individual Concern 393

xii Contents

5 Article 265 TFEU and the Failure to Act 397 6 The Plea of Illegality 399 7 Non-Contractual Liability 400 (i) The Conditions for Liability 400 (ii) Breach of a Rule of Law Intended to Confer Rights on Individuals 401 (iii) The Breach Must Be Sufﬁciently Serious 402 (iv) The Loss Must Be Caused by the Illegal Act 403 8 The Consequences of Annulment 404 Further Reading 405

10 Brexit 406 1 Introduction 407 2 The Immediate Uncertainties of Brexit 409 3 The Withdrawal Agreement 411 (i) The Transition Period 411 (ii) The Governance of the Withdrawal Agreement 414 (a) The Joint Committee 414 (b) The Regular Dialogue 416 (c) Dispute Settlement 417 (iii) The Protocol on Ireland/Northern Ireland 420 (a) The Dilemma of the Border: The Need for External Borders to Have Customs Checks versus the Imperative of No Hard Border on the Island of Ireland 420 (b) The Single Customs Territory 424 (c) The Indeterminate Length of the Protocol and the ‘Jersey’ Option 429 4 The Framework for the Future Relationship between the European Union and the United Kingdom 432 (i) The Basis for Cooperation 432 (ii) The Economic Partnership 433 (iii) The Security Partnership 435 (iv) Governance of the Future Relationship 436 5 Models for Future EU–UK Relations 437 (i) The European Economic Area (EEA) 438 (a) The Qualities of EEA Law 439 (b) The Institutional Settlement of the EEA 442 (ii) The ‘Ukraine’ Model: ‘Close and Privileged Links’ between the European Union and the United Kingdom 445 (a) The Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area (DCFTA) 446 (b) Political Dialogue and Close Cooperation 448 (c) The EU–Ukraine Agreement Institutional Settlement 448 (iii) A Free Trade Agreement: The Canada Model 450 (a) Market Access and Liberalisation under CETA 450 (b) Regulatory Cooperation and Regulatory Protection in the Free Trade Area 453 (c) CETA’s Institutional Settlement 455 6 ‘No Deal’ Brexit 457 (i) A World of World Trade Organisation (WTO) Rules 457 (ii) The Inﬂuence of EU Law in the United Kingdom in a No Deal Brexit 460 (a) The ‘Brussels Effect’ 460 (b) The Territorial Extension of EU Law 463 (c) The Autonomous Adoption of EU Law 464 Further Reading 465

11 Citizenship of the Union 466 1 Introduction 466

xiii Contents

2 Evolution of Modern Citizenship 468 3 Nature of Union Citizenship 471 4 Right to Move and Reside within the Union 475 (i) Categories of Residence under the Directive 476 (ii) Conditions of Residence 478 (a) The Requirement to Be Self-Sufﬁcient 478 (b) Proportionality 479 (c) Level of Resources Required 481 (d) Source of Resources 481 (e) Time of Assessment 481 (iii) Administrative Formalities 482 (iv) Equality in the Host State 484 (a) The General Principle 484 (b) Citizenship, Equality and Social Assistance 487 (c) Real Links and Integration 492 (v) Restrictions on Movement and U-Turns 495 (a) The Returnee 495 (b) Free Movement Restrictions by Other Member States 497 (c) Exit Restrictions 497 (vi) Family Rights 498 (a) The Right to Be with One’s Family 498 (b) The EU Idea of the Family 500 (c) Separation, Death and Divorce 503 (d) The Rights of Children and Carers 504 (e) The Right to Remain in the Union 507 (f ) U-Turns and Family Rights 511 (vii) Expulsion and Exclusion 515 5 Political Rights of Union Citizens 519 6 Union Citizenship and Brexit 521 (i) The Withdrawal Agreement 522 Further Reading 525

12 Non-EU Nationals 527 1 Introduction 527 2 The Union Competences on Border Checks, Asylum and Immigration 529 3 Central Themes Shaping EU Government of Non-EU Nationals 532 (i) Economic Mercantilism 533 (ii) National Security 535 (a) Internal Union Borders as Policing Zones 536 (b) The External Frontier 540 (iii) Humanitarianism 545 4 ‘Unwelcome Foreigners’: The Returns Directive 548 5 ‘Desirable Foreigners’: Worker Residents and Long-Term Residents 551 (i) The Acquisition of Employment and Long-Term Residence Status 552 (ii) Rights Acquired against the Host State 553 6 ‘Suspicious Foreigners’: The EU Regime on International Protection 557 (i) The Dublin Regime and the Allocation of National Responsibilities for International Protection 558 (ii) The Dublin Regime and the Humanity of the Transfer 563 (iii) The Right to Remain Pending Examination of the Application 565 (iv) The Provision of Material Reception Conditions 568 (v) The Policing of Applicants through Welfare 569 Further Reading 572

xiv Contents

13 Equal Opportunities Law and Policy 574 1 Introduction 574 2 Development of EU Equal Opportunities Law 575 (i) Economic versus Non-Economic Visions of EU Law 575 (ii) Sources of Equal Opportunities Law 578 (iii) Equal Opportunities versus Substantive Equality 581 3 Common Core of EU Equal Opportunities Law: The Labour Market 582 (i) Direct Discrimination 584 (ii) Indirect Discrimination 585 (a) Concept of Indirect Discrimination 585 (b) Legitimate Aim Defence 587 (iii) Harassment 589 (iv) Defences 591 (a) Genuine Occupational Requirements 591 (b) Public Security 592 (v) Remedies 593 (a) Procedures 593 (b) Compensation 594 4 Equality Grounds 595 (i) Sex and Gender 596 (ii) Racial or Ethnic Origin 598 (iii) Religion or Belief 600 (iv) Disability 603 (v) Age 606 (vi) Sexual Orientation 609 (vii) Excluded Groups 611 5 Widening the Scope of EU Equal Opportunities Policy 613 (i) Beyond the Labour Market 613 (ii) Positive Action 616 (iii) Dialogue 618 (iv) Mainstreaming 620 6 Brexit 623 Further Reading 624

14 The Internal Market 626 1 Introduction 626 2 Purpose of the Internal Market 627 3 Legal Framework of the Internal Market 629 (i) Economic Integration 629 (ii) Achieving the Internal Market 631 (iii) Achieving Free Movement 632 (a) Non-Discrimination 633 (b) Mutual Recognition 633 (c) Market Access 634 4 Competence to Legislate 635 5 Techniques of Regulation 644 (i) Old and New Approaches 644 (ii) Mechanics of the New Approach 646 (iii) Minimum Harmonisation 648 6 Non-Economic Interests in the Internal Market 649 7 Regulatory Competition 651 Further Reading 655

xv Contents

15 Economic and Monetary Union 656 1 Introduction 656 2 The Central Pillars of Economic and Monetary Union 658 3 The Differentiated Obligations of Economic and Monetary Union 662 4 The Institutional Shock of the European Sovereign Debt Crisis 663 5 Union Oversight of National Fiscal and Economic Performance 665 (i) The Ambit of Union Surveillance: Excessive Deﬁcits, Balanced Budgets and Macroeconomic Imbalances 667 (ii) The European Semester and Collective Guidance over Domestic and Fiscal Economic Policy 669 (iii) The Commission and National Budgets 672 (iv) The Sanctions Procedures 674 (v) The Prohibition on Cross Financing unless for Sound Budgetary Policy Reasons 677 6 The European Central Bank 680 (i) The European Central Bank and its Decision-Making Bodies 680 (ii) The Independence and Accountability of the European Central Bank 682 (iii) The Expansion of the European Central Bank’s Monetary Powers 685 (iv) Banking Union and the European Central Bank as a Financial Supervisor 690 Further Reading 694

16 The Free Movement of Goods 695 1 Introduction 695 2 General Deﬁnition of a Measure Equivalent to a Quantitative Restriction 696 (i) Dassonville 698 (ii) Limits of the Notion of a MEQR 700 (iii) Form of a MEQR 704 (iv) De Minimis 706 (v) Internal Situation 707 (vi) Article 34 TFEU and Private Actors 708 3 Product Standards and Cassis de Dijon 713 (i) Mutual Recognition 716 (ii) Mandatory Requirements 719 (a) Consumer Protection 720 (b) Protection of the Environment 723 4 Selling Arrangements and Keck 724 (i) Notion of a Selling Arrangement 727 (ii) Unequal Effect of Selling Arrangements 729 5 Article 35 TFEU and Restrictions on Exports 731 Further Reading 733

17 The Free Movement of Services 734 1 Introduction 734 2 Regulating the Services Market 736 3 Cross-Border Services 737 (i) What Is a Service? 738 (ii) Cross-Border Element 739 (iii) Remuneration 741 4 Restrictions on the Movement of Services 744 (i) Notion of a Restriction on the Provision of Services 744 (ii) Horizontal Application of Article 56 TFEU 747 5 Justifying Restrictions on Services 754 (i) Restrictions on Marketing and Prices 756

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(ii) Access to Regulated Industries and Professions 759 (iii) Tax and Investment Issues 761 6 Services and the Market Society 763 (i) Right to Trade and Socially Sensitive Services 763 (ii) Article 56 TFEU and the Welfare State 765 7 Services Directive 773 (i) Scope of Application of Services Directive 774 (ii) Administrative Simpliﬁcation 775 (iii) Right to Provide and Receive Services 775 (iv) Administrative Cooperation 778 Further Reading 779

18 The Pursuit of an Occupation in Another Member State 780 1 Introduction 780 2 Taking Up and Pursuit of an Occupation in Another Member State 781 (i) Employment and Self-Employment 783 (ii) Performance of Signiﬁcant Economic Activity in Another Member State 785 (iii) Cross-Border Element 788 (iv) Right to Pursue an Occupation in Another Member State 789 3 Restrictions on the Taking Up of an Occupation 791 (i) Discriminatory Restrictions on Taking Up an Occupation 791 (ii) Equally Applicable Restrictions on Taking Up an Occupation 792 (iii) De Minimis: Limits of the Right to Take Up an Occupation 794 (iv) Restrictions on Secondary Establishment 795 (v) Restrictions on the Use of Diplomas and Qualiﬁcations 796 (vi) Restrictions on Grounds of Abuse of Free Movement 802 4 Restrictions on the Pursuit of an Occupation 804 (i) Discrimination in Labour Markets 804 (ii) Discrimination in the Pursuit of a Business 806 (iii) Equally Applicable Restrictions on the Pursuit of an Occupation 807 5 Free Movement of Companies 810 (i) Discrimination and Foreign Companies 810 (ii) Movement of Companies and Reincorporation 811 6 Services Directive and Freedom of Establishment 817 Further Reading 818

19 Trade Restrictions and Public Goods 820 1 Introduction 820 2 Balancing Free Movement against Other Interests 821 3 Public Goods Protected under EU Law 822 4 Principles Mediating Conﬂicts between Free Movement and Public Goods 827 (i) The Measure Must Be Necessary 829 (ii) The Measure Must Be Effective 834 (iii) Arbitrary Discrimination and Mutual Recognition 838 (iv) The Measure Must Be the Least Restrictive Option 840 (v) The Measure Must Be Procedurally Fair 846 5 Environmental Protection 849 6 Public Health 853 7 Public Policy, Public Security and Public Morality 855 8 Public Service and Ofﬁcial Authority 858 Further Reading 864

xvii Contents

20 EU Competition Law: Function and Enforcement 865 1 Introduction 865 2 Aims of EU Competition Law 867 (i) Economics of Competition 867 (ii) Politics of Competition Law 873 (iii) Aims of EU Competition Policy 875 (iv) Impact of the Economic Crisis 878 3 Enforcement by the Commission 879 (i) First Stage: Investigation 880 (a) Requests for Information and Interviews 880 (b) Inspections 883 (ii) Second Stage: Adjudication 886 (a) Statement of Objections and Access to the File 886 (b) Oral Hearing 887 (iii) Penalties for Infringement 887 (a) Fining Policy 889 (b) Leniency Policy 891 (iv) Commitment Decisions 893 (v) Commission’s Procedures: An Assessment 895 (vi) Commission’s Performance 899 4 Resettlement of Competition Regulatory Authority 900 (i) Modernisation 900 (ii) Commission’s New Role 903 (iii) European Competition Network 904 (a) Case Allocation and Cooperation 905 (b) Modernisation in Practice 906 (c) Negative and Positive Harmonisation 908 5 Private Enforcement 909 (i) An EU Law Right to Damages 910 (ii) The Damages Directive 912 (iii) Assessment 914 6 Brexit 915 (i) Workload 916 (ii) Cooperation 916 Further Reading 917

21 Antitrust and Monopolies 918 1 Introduction 918 2 Scope of Application of EU Competition Law 919 (i) Undertakings 919 (ii) Effect on Trade between Member States 922 (iii) Excluded Agreements 923 3 Article 101 TFEU: Restrictive Practices 927 (i) Agreements, Decisions and Concerted Practices 928 (a) Cartels 928 (b) Algorithms and Collusion 934 (ii) Object or Effect the Restriction, Distortion or Prevention of Competition 936 (a) Notion of Restriction of Competition 936 (b) Agreements Restrictive of Competition by Object 938 (c) Agreements Having an Anti-Competitive Effect 940 (iii) Role of Article 101(3) TFEU 944 (a) Individual Exemptions 945

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(b) Block Exemptions 947 (c) Block Exemptions and E-Commerce 949 4 Article 102 TFEU: Abuse of a Dominant Position 951 (i) Dominance 952 (a) Market Shares 953 (b) Additional Factors 953 (ii) Abuse of Dominance: General Principles 955 (iii) Predatory Pricing 958 (iv) Reform 959 (v) Response by the Court of Justice 964 5 The Hidden Side of Competition Law Enforcement 966 6 Brexit 968 Further Reading 969

22 State Aid Law 970 1 Introduction 970 2 Role of State Aid Law in the European Union 971 (i) Justiﬁcations for State Aid Control 971 (ii) Commission’s State Aid Policy 973 3 Meaning of State Aid 975 (i) Intervention by the Member State and through State Resources 976 (a) Necessary Involvement of State Resources 976 (b) State Involvement 979 (ii) Intervention Gives the Recipient an Advantage 979 (iii) Intervention Is Selective 982 (a) Geographical Selectivity 982 (b) Material Selectivity 983 (iv) Effect on Trade and Restriction of Competition 986 (a) Overly Broad Standards 986 (b) De Minimis Aid 988 4 Enforcement and Supervision 988 (i) Commission Supervision 988 (ii) Enforcement 989 (a) Recovery 989 (b) Private Enforcement 991 5 Exemptions 993 (i) Overview 993 (ii) Better Targeted Aid and Europe 2020 995 (iii) Better Targeted Aid Enforcement 998 (iv) Rescuing Banks 1000 6 State Aid and Brexit 1005 (i) State Aid Policy 1005 (ii) State Aid Law 1006 Further Reading 1007

Index 1009

MADEIRA (Portugal)

ICELAND AZORES (Portugal)

EU member countries GUADELOUPE (France) Candidate countries CANARY ISLANDS (Spain) Leaving EU FINLAND Y N MARTINIQUE A E (France)

W D R E GUIANA O W (France) N RÉUNION S (France) ESTONIA

LATVIA IRELAND DENMARK RUSSIA LITHUANIA N UNITED A RUSSIA T

KINGDOM S

H BELARUS K A NETHERLANDS Z A GERMANY POLAND K BELGIUM LUXEMBOURG UKRAINE CZECH REP. SLOVAKIA FRANCE MOLDOVA AUSTRIA SWITZERLAND LIECHTENSTEIN HUNGARY SLOVENIA IA ROMANIA OAT GEORGIA R C AZERBAIJAN L BOSNIA- A HERZEGOVINA ARMENIA ANDORRA MONACO SAN G I MARINO SERBIA U T BULGARIA T SPAIN A MONTENEGRO KOSOVO R L * IRAN O VATICAN Y FYROM P CITY ALBANIA STATE TURKEY GREECE

SYRIA IRAQ MOROCCO ALGERIA TUNISIA MALTA CYPRUS LEBANON * Recognised by all member states of the European Union except Cyprus, Greece, Romania, Slovakia and Spain

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Preface

The cover of this book portrays the Myth of Europa. The story has it that Europa, a Phoenician princess, was abducted by Zeus, the god of thunder, disguised as a bull. Zeus had been searching for a wife beautiful enough to become Queen of his native Crete. When he saw Europa he was smitten. Europa was gathering flowers by the seaside with her friends when she came upon the bull. Uncommonly gentle, the bull inspired no fear. Decking its horns with flowers, Europa climbed upon its back, whereupon the bull – Zeus – took off at a trot and dived into the sea. Europa was carried off to Crete, where she became the mother of Minos, the mythical King of Crete, who periodically demanded a tribute of young men and women of Athens to be sacrificed to the Minotaur. This myth has not died with the ancients. In 1956, the six countries that were to sign the EEC Treaty appropriated her name to issue a set of Europa stamps to symbolise a community of interests and objectives. And today, Zeus’s kidnap of Europa is depicted on the Greek 2 euro coin. The myth has been understood in a variety of ways. On one level it is a story of virtue, innocence and romance; on another, it is a warning of violence and exclusion. As with many of the ancient myths, misunderstanding and contestation lie at its very heart. The Roman depiction on our cover is one of the first depictions and, insofar as the human participants are depicted as Romans, reminds us too that the myth has been repeatedly appropriated and reinvented. We have also here a tale with its origins in modern Lebanon, which was told by the Ancient Greeks, and which then became a central fable of Ancient Rome. Yet Europa’s myth is now seen as the origin of a territory whose cultural heartland lies somewhere in central Europe, Mitteleuropa, perhaps in the modern Czech Republic, perhaps in Vienna, but certainly somewhere in a nation that became a Member State of the European Union only very recently. In today’s Europe, misunderstanding, contestation, appropriation and reinvention permeate not only its founding myth, but also its most modern institution, the European Union, the law of which is this book’s subject. European Union law is often seen as embodying new ideals, new rights and new forms of welfare. Equally, however, it is portrayed as being intrusive, divisive and costly. On the one hand, EU law is said to bring an international comity and to provide a powerful counter to the narrow (and historically dangerous) parochialism that has marked so much of Europe’s bloody past. On the other hand, critics point to an overweening, inflexible, even pernicious European-ness, that is intolerant of national diversity and that stymies local democracy. It is exactly this anxious fragility that gives European Union law its peculiar vitality and interest. It brings both a sceptical eye to the analysis of EU law and a constant demand to revisit

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old assumptions. As such, as the Brexit process has well illustrated, debates about EU law have in recent years been central in reconsidering ideas of the State, political community, the market, tradition and society. This book owes a number of large debts. The efficiency, the friendliness and patience of Cambridge University Press continue to be a hallmark of our relationship with them. We would like to thank Jem Langworthy, Marianne Nield, Dominic Stock and Marta Walowiak. We were also a blessed with a team of great research assistants. A big thank you to Cheryl, Jarrett, Jessica, Kinnari, Ning and Trinisha. They were a pleasure to work with, and the book is much better because of them. The division of responsibility for the book is as follows. Damian Chalmers wrote Chapters 1–10, 12 and 15. Giorgio Monti wrote Chapters 13, 20, 21 and 22. Gareth Davies wrote Chapters 11, 14, 16, 17, 18 and 19. Finally, there are a number of personal debts. Damian Chalmers would like to thank Juliana Cardinale once again for her love, patience and jokes. Gareth Davies wishes to thank Marjolein van Wieringen again for her tolerance and good humour during the exceptionally busy mid-2018 when he was trying to write. Giorgio Monti continues to thank Ayako for her common sense and support, and Giulia and Sofia for being constant sources of wonder and laughter. Finally, we would like to thank each other! We have aimed to state EU law as at 1 December 2018. However, the vagaries of the Brexit process meant that it was not settled by then! We have tracked developments up until 31 March 2019. The United Kingdom is unlikely to have left the European Union in the first few months after publication of this edition. This edition is written on the assumption that it will leave and that the European Union will comprise only 27 States. DC, GD, GM

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Every attempt has been made to secure permission to reproduce copyright material in this title and grateful acknowledgement is made to the authors and publishers of all reproduced material. In particular, the publisher would like to acknowledge the following for granting permission to reproduce material from the following publications: Chapter 1: J. Habermas and J. Derrida, ‘February 15, or, What Binds Europeans Together: Plea for a Common Foreign Policy Beginning in Core Europe’ in D. Levy, J. Torpey and M. Pensky (eds.), Old Europe, New Europe, Core Europe: Transatlantic Relations after the Iraq War (London, Verso, 2005); L. Hooghe and G. Marks, ‘Cleavage Theory Meets Europe’s Crises: Lipset, Rokkan, and the Transnational Cleavage’ (2018) 25 Journal of European Public Policy 109; L. v. Mid- delaar, The Passage to Europe: How a Continent Became a Union (New Haven, Yale University Press, 2013); C. Offe, ‘Europe Entrapped: Does the EU Have the Political Capacity to Overcome its Current Crisis?’ (2013) 19 European Law Journal 595; M. Wilkinson, ‘The Specter of Authoritar- ian Liberalism: Reﬂections on the Constitutional Crisis of the European Union’ (2013) 14 German Law Journal 527; D. Chalmers, ‘Brexit and the Renaissance of Parliamentary Authority’ (2017) 19 British Journal of Politics and International Relations 663; C. Kreuder-Sonnen, ‘An Authori- tarian Turn in Europe and European Studies?’ (2018) 25 Journal of European Public Policy 452. Chapter 2: E. Mastenbroek and D. Martinsen, ‘Filling the Gap in the European Administrative Space: The Role of Administrative Networks in EU Implementation and Enforcement’ (2018) 25

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Journal of European Public Policy 422; M. Egeberg, J. Trondal and N. Vestlund, ‘The Quest for Order: Unravelling the Relationship between the European Commission and European Union Agencies’ (2015) 22 Journal of European Public Policy 609; J. Tallberg, ‘Bargaining Power in the European Council’ (2008) 46 Journal of Common Market Studies 685; D. Grimm, ‘Does Europe Need a Constitution?’ (1995) 1 European Law Journal 282; P. Dann, ‘European Parliament and Executive Federalism: Approaching a Parliament in a Semi-Parliamentary Democracy’ (2003) 9 European Law Journal 549; M. Shackleton, ‘Transforming Representative Democracy in the EU? The Role of the European Parliament’ (2017) 39 Journal of European Integration 191; D. Curtin, ‘Overseeing Secrets in the EU: A Democratic Perspective’ (2014) 52 Journal of Common Market Studies 684. Chapter 3: R. Kardasheva, ‘The Power to Delay: The European Parliament’sInﬂuence in the Consultation Procedure’ (2009) 47 Journal of Common Market Studies 385; C. Joerges and J. Neyer, ‘Transforming Strategic Interaction into Deliberative Problem-Solving: European Comitology in the Foodstuffs Sector’ (1997) 4 Journal of European Public Policy 609; D. Miller, ‘Democracy’s Domain’ (2009) 37 Philosophy & Public Affairs 201; J. Habermas, ‘Democracy in Europe: Why the Development of the EU into a Transnational Democracy Is Necessary and How It Is Possible’ (2015) 21 European Law Journal 546; F. Cheneval and K. Nicolaidis, ‘The Social Construction of Demoicracy in the European Union’ (2017) 16 Euro- pean Journal of Political Theory 235. Chapter 4: S. Schmidt, The European Court of Justice & The Policy Process (Oxford University Press, 2018); G. Conway, The Limits of Legal Reasoning and the European Court of Justice (Cambridge University Press, 2012); M. Broberg, ‘Acte Clair Revisited: Adapting the Acte Clair Criteria to the Demands of the Times’ (2008) 45 Common Market Law Review 1383. Chapter 5: B. de Witte, ‘Direct Effect, Primacy, and the Nature of the Legal Order’ in P. Craig and G. de Búrca (eds.), The Evolution of EU Law, 2nd edn (Oxford University Press, 2011); T. Isiksel, Europe’s Functional Constitution: A Theory of Constitutionalism Beyond the State (Oxford University Press, 2016); N. Walker, ‘The Place of European Law’ in G. de Búrca and J. Weiler (eds.), The Worlds of European Constitutionalism (Cambridge University Press, 2012); M. Kumm, ‘The Jurisprudence of Constitutional Conﬂict: Constitutional Supremacy in Europe before and after the Constitutional Treaty’ (2005) 11 European Law Journal 262. Chapter 6: D. Chalmers and S. Trotter, ‘Fundamental Rights and Legal Wrongs: The Two Sides of the Same EU Coin’ (2016) 22 European Law Journal 9; M. Cartabia, ‘Europe and Rights: Taking Dialogue Seriously’ (2009) 5 European Constitutional Law Review 5; U. Sedelmeier, ‘Political Safeguards against Democratic Backsliding in the EU: The Limits of Material Sanctions and the Scope of Social Pressure’ (2017) 24 Journal of European Public Policy 337. Chapter 7: M. Amstutz, ‘In-Between Worlds: Marleasing and the Emergence of Interlegality in Legal Reasoning’ (2005) 11 European Law Journal 766; C. Harlow, ‘Francovich and the Problem of the Disobedient State’ (1996) 2 European Law Journal 199; H. Scott and N. Barber, ‘State Liability under Francovich for Decisions of National Courts’ (2004) 120 Law Quarterly Review 403. Chapter 8: G. Falkner and O. Treib, ‘Three Worlds of Compliance or Four? The EU-15 Compared to New Member States’ (2008) 46 Journal of Common Market Studies 293; T. Börzel, T. Hofmann and D. Panke, ‘Caving In or Sitting Out? Longitudinal Patterns of Non- Compliance in the European Union’ (2012) 19 Journal of European Public Policy 454; E. Chiti, ‘The Governance of Compliance’ in M. Cremona (ed.), Compliance and the Enforcement of EU

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Law (Oxford University Press, 2012); M. Smith, Centralised Enforcement, Legitimacy and Good Governance in the EU (Abingdon, Routledge, 2009); B. Jack, ‘Article 260(2) TFEU: An Effective Judicial Procedure for the Enforcement of Judgments?’ (2013) 19 European Law Journal 404. Chapter 9: A. Fritzsche, ‘Discretion, Scope of Judicial Balance and Institutional Review in European Law’ (2010) 47 Common Market Law Review 361; J. Mendes, Participation in EU Rule- Making: A Rights-Based Approach (Oxford University Press, 2011); A. Arnull ‘Private Applicants and the Action for Annulment under Article 173 of the EC Treaty’ (1995) 32 Common Market Law Review 7; C. Harlow, ‘Towards a Theory of Access for the European Court of Justice’ (1992) 12 Yearbook of European Law 213. Chapter 10: K. Hayward, ‘The Pivotal Position of the Irish Border in the UK's Withdrawal from the European Union’ (2018) 22 Space and Polity 238; I. Loader and N. Walker, Civilizing Security (Cambridge University Press, 2007); J. Wiener and A. Alemanno, ‘The Future of International Regulatory Cooperation: TTIP as a Learning Process Toward a Global Policy Laboratory’ (2015) 78 Law and Contemporary Problems 103; A. Bradford, ‘The Brussels Effect’ (2012) 107 North- western University Law Review 1; J. Scott, ‘Extraterritoriality and Territorial Extension in EU Law’ (2014) 62 American Journal of Comparative Law 87. Chapter 11: R. Bellamy, ‘Introduction: The Making of Modern Citizenship’ in R. Bellamy et al.(eds.), Lineages of European Citizenship: Rights, Belonging and Participation in Eleven Nation States (Basingstoke, Palgrave Macmillan, 2004); D. Kostakopoulou, ‘European Union Citizenship: Writing the Future’ (2007) 13(5) European Law Journal 623; A. Iliopoulou Penot, ‘The Transnational Character of Union Citizenship’ in M. Dougan, N. Nic Shuibhne and E. Spaventa (eds.), Empowerment and Disempowerment of the European Citizen (Oxford, Hart, 2012); H. Stalford, Children and the European Union: Rights, Welfare and Accountability (Oxford University Press, 2012); D. Kostakopoulou and N. Ferreira, ‘Testing Liberal Norms: The Public Policy and Public Security Derogations and the Cracks in European Citizenship’ (2014) 20(2) Columbia Journal of European Law 167. Chapter 12: K. Aas and H. Gundhus, ‘Policing Humanitarian Borderlands: Frontex, Human Rights and the Precariousness of Life’ (2015) 55 British Journal of Criminology 1; E. Kofman, ‘Citizenship, Migration and the Reassertion of National Identity’ (2005) 9 Citizenship Studies 453; E. Guild, ‘Seeking Asylum: Storm Clouds between International Commitments and Legisla- tive Measures’ (2004) 29 European Law Review 198; P. Slominski and F. Trauner, ‘How Do Member States Return Unwanted Migrants? The Strategic (Non-)Use of “Europe” during the Migration Crisis’ (2018) 56 Journal of Common Market Studies 101. Chapter 13: H. Samuels, ‘ADeﬁning Moment: A Feminist Perspective on the Law of Sexual Harassment in the Workplace in the Light of the Equal Treatment Amendment Directive’ (2004) 12 Feminist Legal Studies 181; B. Hepple, ‘Race and Law in Fortress Europe’ (2004) 67 Modern Law Review 1; K. Crenshaw, ‘Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex: A Black Feminist Critique of Antidiscrimination Doctrine, Feminist Theory and Antiracist Politics’ (1989) Univer- sity of Chicago Legal Forum 139; C. Fagan and J. Rubery, ‘Advancing Gender Equality through European Employment Policy: The Impact of the UK’s EU Membership and the Risks of Brexit’ (2018) 17(2) Social Policy and Society 297. Chapter 14: M. Maduro, ‘Reforming the Market or the State? Article 30 and the European Constitution: Economic Freedom and Political Rights’ (1997) 3 European Law Journal 55; F. De Witte, ‘Transnational Solidarity and the Mediation of Conﬂicts of Justice in Europe’ (2012) 18

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European Law Journal 694; S. Deakin, ‘Legal Diversity and Regulatory Competition: Which Model for Europe?’ (2006) 12 European Law Journal 440; F. Scharpf, ‘The European Social Model: Coping with the Challenges of Diversity’ (2002) 40 Journal of Common Market Studies 645; S. Deakin, ‘Legal Diversity and Regulatory Competition: Which Model for Europe?’ (2006) 12 European Law Journal 440. Chapter 15: M. Dawson, ‘The Legal and Political Accountability Structure of “Post-Crisis” EU Economic Governance’ (2015) 53 Journal of Common Market Studies 976; D. Kelemen and T. Teo, ‘Law, Focal Points, and Fiscal Discipline in the United States and the European Union’ (2014) 108 American Political Science Review 355; J. Binder, ‘The Banking Union and National Authorities 2 Years Down the Line: Some Observations from Germany’ (2017) 18 European Business Organisation Law Review 401. Chapter 16: D. Regan ‘An Outsider’s View of “Dassonville” and “Cassis de Dijon”:On Interpretation and Policy’ in M. Poiares Maduro and L. Azoulai (eds.), The Past and Future of EU Law (Oxford, Hart, 2010). Chapter 17: H. Schepel, ‘Constitutionalising the Market, Marketising the Constitution, and to Tell the Difference: On the Horizontal Application of the Free Movement Provisions in EU Law’ (2012) 18 European Law Journal 177; T. Hervey, ‘Buy Baby: The European Union and the Regulation of Human Reproduction’ (1998) 18 Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 207. Chapter 18: C. O’Brien, ‘Social Blind Spots and Monocular Policy Making: The ECJ’s Migrant Worker Model’ (2009) 46 Common Market Law Review 1107; N. Nic Shuibhne, The Coherence of EU Free Movement Law (Oxford University Press, 2013). Chapter 19: G. Majone, Evidence, Argument and Persuasion in the Policy Process (New Haven, CT, Yale University Press, 1989). Chapter 20: M. de la Mano, ‘For the Customer’s Sake: The Competitive Effects of Efﬁciencies in European Merger Control’, Enterprise Papers No. 11 (Brussels, Enterprise Directorate-General, 2002); M. S. Jacobs, ‘An Essay on the Normative Foundations of Antitrust Economics’ (1995–1996) 74 North Carolina Law Review 219; W. E. Kovacic, ‘The Intellectual DNA of Modern Competition Law for Dominant Firm Conduct: The Chicago/Harvard Double Helix’ (2007) 1(1) Columbia Business Law Review 1; E. M. Fox and L. A. Sullivan, ‘Antitrust – Retrospective and Prospective: Where are We Coming From? Where are We Going?’ (1987) 62 New York University Law Review 936; W. Möschel, ‘Competition Policy from an Ordo Point of View’ in A. Peacock and H. Willgerodt (eds.), German Neo-Liberals and the Social Market Economy (London, Mac- millan, 1989); R. Wesseling, The Modernisation of EC Antitrust Law (Oxford-Portland, Hart, 2000); A. Wigger and H. Buch-Hansen, ‘Explaining (Missing) Regulatory Paradigm Shifts: EU Competition Regulation in Times of Economic Crisis’ (2013) New Political Economy 1; C. Harding and J. Joshua, Regulating Cartels in Europe: A Study of Legal Control of Corporate Delinquency, 2nd edn (Oxford University Press, 2010); L. Laudati, ‘The European Commission as Regulator: The Uncertain Pursuit of the Competitive Market’ in G. Majone (ed.), Regulating Europe (London, Routledge, 1996); Y. Svetiev, ‘Networked Competition Governance in the EU: Delegation, Decentralization or Experimentalist Governance?’ in C. F. Sabel and J. Zeitlin (eds.), Experimen- talist Governance in the European Union: Towards a New Architecture (Oxford University Press, 2010). Chapter 21: M. Marquis, ‘O2 (Germany) v. Commission and the Exotic Mysteries of Article 81 (1) EC’ (2007) European Law Review 27; J. Temple Lang, ‘Some Aspects of Abuse of a Dominant

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Position in EC Antitrust Law’ (1979) 3 Fordham International Law Forum 1; D. J. Gerber, ‘Law and the Abuse of Economic Power in Europe’ (1987) 62 Tulane Law Review 57; D. A. Crane, ‘Antitrust Antifederalism’ (2008) 96(1) California Law Review 1. Chapter 22: M. Blauberger, ‘Of Good and Bad Subsidies: European State Aid Control through Soft Law and Hard Law’ (2009) 32(4) West European Politics 719; A. Heimler and F. Jenny, ‘The Limitations of European Union Control of State Aid’ (2012) 28(2) Oxford Review of Economic Policy 347.

Abbreviations

AFSJ Area of Freedom, Security and Justice GBER General Block Exemption Regulation BIT Bilateral Investment Treatment GMO Genetically Modified Organism CETA EU–Canada Comprehensive Economic and IGC Intergovernmental Conference Trade Agreement IMF International Monetary Fund CFSP Common Foreign and Security Policy MEP Member of the European Parliament COREPR Committee of Permanent Representatives MEQR Measure Equivalent to a Quantitative CSR Country-Specific Recommendation Restriction DCFTA Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area MOU Memorandum of Understanding DG Directorate General MTBO Medium-Term Budgetary Objective EAN European Administrative Network NCA National Competition Authority ECB European Central Bank NCB National Central Bank ECHR European Convention on Human Rights NGO Non-Governmental Organisation ECI European Citizens’ Initiative OHIM Office for Harmonization in the Internal ECJ European Court of Justice Market ECN European Competition Network OMT Outright Monetary Transactions ECSC European Coal and Steel Community PSPP Public Sector Assets Purchasing Programme ECtHR European Court of Human Rights QMV Qualified Majority Voting EEA European Economic Area SCF Scientific Committee for Food EEC European Economic Community SEA Single European Act EFSF European Financial Stability Facility StCF Standing Committee on Food Stuffs EFTA European Free Trade Association TEU Treaty on European Union EMS European Monetary System TFEU Treaty on the Functioning of the EMU European Monetary Union European Union ERM Exchange Rate Mechanism TSCG Treaty on Stability, Coordination and ERT European Round Table Governance in the Economic and ESCB European System of Central Banks Monetary Union ESM European Stability Mechanism UNCRPD UN Convention on the Rights of Persons EU European Union with Disabilities EUCFR European Union Charter of Fundamental UNHCR United Nations High Commission for Rights Refugees EURATOM European Atomic Energy Community UPC Agreement on a Unified Patent Court GATT General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade WTO World Trade Organisation GATS General Agreement in Trade in Services

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Table of Cases

European Commission decisions

Aid scheme implemented by Austria for a refund from Reuter/BASF [1976] OJ L 254/40, 919 the energy taxes on natural gas and electricity in RWE Gas Foreclosure, COMP/39.402, Decision of 19 2002 and 2003, 2005/565, [2005] OJ L 190/13, March 2009, 955 991 Skyscanner Ltd v. Competition and Markets Authority ARA foreclosure, AT.39759, 20 September 2016, 888 [2014] CAT 16, 895 Bayer/BPCL [1988] OJ L 150/35, 946 State aid granted by Germany and Austria to CECED [2000] OJ L187/47, 945–7 Bayerische Landesbank, Decision 2015/657, Czech investments incentives scheme, SA.38751 (10 [2015] OJ L 109/1, 1003 December 2014), 999 Stichting Baksteen [1994] OJ L 131/15, 946 Decision 2015/160 establishing provisional measures Synthetic Fibres [1984] OJ L 207/17, 924, 946 in the area of international protection for the Télévision par satellite (TPS) [1999] OJ L 90/6, 940 beneﬁt of Italy and Greece, OJ 2015, L 248/80, 53 United Kingdom: SABRE – Aid to Reaction Engines Distribution of Package Tours During the 1990 World Limited, SA.39457 (2015/N), (14/8/2015), 996–7 Cup [1992] OJ L 326/31, 920 Viho/Parker Pen [1992] OJ L 233/27, 920 ENI, COMP/39.315, Decision of 29 September 2010, Virgin/British Airways [2000] OJ L 30/1, 956 967 Wanadoo Interactive, Case COMP/38.233, Decision of E.ON: German Electricity Wholesale Market, COMP/ 16 July 2003, 959 39.388, Decision of 26 November 2008, 967 Zanussi SpA Guarantee [1978] OJ L 322/26, 922 Fenex [1996] OJ L 181/28, 928 Zinc Producer Group [1984] OJ L 220/27, 929 Ford/Volkswagen [1993] OJ L 20/14, 924 Funding of the Centro de ensayos de alta tecnología Court of Justice of the European Union : ferroviaria de Antequera (CEATF), SA.37185, [2017] OJ L 9/8135, 996–7 alphabetical order German Electricity Wholesale Market, COMP/39.388, Decision of 26 November 2008, 955 A v. Migrationsverke, C-404/17, EU:C:2018:588, 568 Glaxo Wellcome [2001] OJ L 302/1, 936 A & J Clark International v. Commissioners for Her ’ Gosmé/Martell-DMP [1991] OJ L 185/23, 920 Majesty s Revenue & Customs; Puma v. Intel, COMP/C-3/37.900, Decision of 13 May 2009, Hauptzollamt Nürnberg, C-659/13 and C-34/14, 964–5 EU:C:2016:74, 116 Luxembourg/Fiat, SA.38375, [2016] OJ L 351/1, A and Others, C-158/14, EU:C:2017:202, 183 985–6 A-Punckt Schmuckhandels, C-441/04, EU:C:2006:141, Olivetti/Canon [1988] OJ L 52/60, 946 726, 729 Optical Fibres [1986] OJ L 236/30, 946 Aalborg Portland A/S and Others v. Commission, C- – Philips/Osram [1994] OJ L 378/37, 946 204 5/00 P, C-211/00 P, C-213/00 P, C-217/00 P Pioneer [1980] OJ L 60/21, 889 and C-219/00 P, EU:C:2004:6, 886 Polypropylene [1986] OJ L 230/1, 928 Abdida, C-562/13, EU:C:2014:2453, 268 RAI/UNITEL [1978] OJ L 157/39, 920 Abdullahi, C-394/12, EU:C:2013:813, 564 RBS Restructuring Plan, N422/2009, [2010] OJ C 119/1, Abdulrahim v. Council and Commission, C-239/12 P, 1003 EU:C:2013:331, 376

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Abrahamsson and Anderson v. Fogelqvist, C-407/98, AKZO Chemie BV v. Commission of the European [2000] ECR I-5539, 616 Communities, 62/86, EU:C:1991:286, [1991] ECR Access Info Europe v. Commission, T-852/16, EU: I-3359, 953, 958 T:2018:71, 106–7 Akzo Nobel Chemicals Ltd and Akcros Chemicals Ltd v. ACF Chemiefarmia NV v. Commission, 41/69, EU: Commission, T-125 and 253/03, EU:T:2007:287, C:1970:71, 887, 928 883 Achughbabian, C-329/11, EU:C:2011:807, 550 Akzo Nobel NV v. Commission, C-97/08 P, EU: AC-Treuhand AG v. Commission, C-194/14 P, EU: C:2009:536, 921 C:2015:717, 931, 935 Al Chodor, C-528/15, EU:C:2017:213, 572 Adams v. Commission, 145/83, EU:C:1985:323, 404 Aladzhov, C-434/10, EU:C:2011:750, 519 Adeneler and Others v. ELOG, C-212/04, EU: Ålands Vindkraft AB, C-573/12, EU:C:2014:2037, 700, C:2006:443, 213, 309 847, 851 Administrativa rajona tiesa v. Ministru kabinets, C- Alarape, C-529/11, EU:C:2013:290, 504–5 120/17, EU:C:2018, 382 Albany International BV v. Stichting Admiral Casinos, C-464/15, EU:C:2016:500, 828, 843 Bedrijfspensioenfonds Textielindustrie, C-67/96, Adoui see Rezguia Adoui v. Belgian State and City of EU:C:1999:430, 923 Liège; Dominique Cornuaille v. Belgian State Alemo-Herron v. Parkwood Leisure, C-426/11, EU: Adria-Wien Pipeline GmbH and Wietersdorfer and C:2013:521, 264 Peggauer Zementwerke GmbH v. Alfa Vita v. Elliniko Dimosio and Nomarchiaki Finanzlandesdirektion für Kärnten, C-143/99, EU: Aftodioikisi Ioanninon, C-158–9/04, EU: C:2001:598, 984–5, 991 C:2006:212, Opinion of Advocate General Advocaten voor de Wereld v. Leden van de Maduro, 630, 633 Ministerraad, C-303/05, EU:C:2007:261, 375 Alfa Vita Vassilopoulos AE and Carrefour AEG v. Commission, 107/82, EU:C:1983:293, 922 Marinopoulos AE v. Elliniko Dimosio and Afﬁsh v. Rijksdienst voor de Keuring van Vee en Vlees, Nomarchiaki Aftodioikisi Ioanninon, C-158–9/04, C-183/95, EU:C:1997:373, 383 EU:C:2006:562, 699, 703, 721, 726, 729 Afvalstoffen Dusseldorp see Chemische Afvalstoffen Alheto v. Zamestnik-predsedatel na Darzhavna Dusseldorp BV and Others v. Minister van agentsia za bezhantsite, C-585/16, EU: Volkhuisvesting, Ruimtelijke Ordening en C:2018:584, 567 Milieubeheer Alimanovic, C-67/14, EU:C:2015:597, 480, 489 AGET Iraklis v. Ypourgos Ergasias, C-201/15, Al-Jubail Fertilizer v. Council, 49/88, EU:C:1991:276, EU:C:2016:972, 280, 796, 799, 847 377 AGM-COS.MET Srl v. Suomen Valtio and Tarmo Alliance One International v. Commission, C-628/10 P, Lehtinen, C-470/03, EU:C:2007:213, 704–6 EU:C:2012:479, 921 Aher-Waggon v. Federal Republic of Germany, C-389/ Allianz Hungária Biztosító v. Gazdasági 96, EU:C:1998:357, 849 Versenyhivatal, C-32/11, EU:C:2013:160, 184A & A. Ahlström Osakeyhtiö and Others v. Commission J Clark International v. Commissioners for Her (Wood Pulp), 89/85, 104/85, 114/85, 116–17/85 Majesty’s Revenue & Customs; Puma v. and 125–9/85, EU:C:1993:120, 933 Hauptzollamt Nürnberg, C-659/13 and C-34/14, Ahmedbekova v. Zamestnik-predsedatel na Darzhavna EU:C:2016:74, 116 agentsia za bezhantsite, C-652/16, EU: Allonby v. Accrington and Rossendale College, C-256/ C:2018:801, 567 01, EU:C:2004:18, 583 Ahokkainen, C-434/04, EU:C:2006:609, 700, Alokpa, C-86/12, EU:C:2013:645, 504, 508 843 Alpine Investments v. Minister van Financiën, C-384/ Air Liquide Industries Belgium SA v. Ville de Seraing 93, EU:C:1995:15, 735, 740–1, 744, 747, 758, 790 and Province de Liège, C-393/04 and C-41/05, Altmark Trans, C-280/00, EU:C:2003:415, 980 [2006] ECR I-5293, 992 AM &S Europe Ltd v. Commission, 155/79, EU: Air One v. Commission T-395/04, EU:T:2006:123, 398 C:1982:157, 376, 883 Air Transport Association of America v. Secretary of Ambisig v. AICP, C-46/15, EU:C:2016:530, 319 State for Energy and Climate Change, C-366/10, Amministrazione delle Finanze dello Stato v. Denkavit, EU:C:2011:864, 303 61/79, EU:C:1974:71, 976 AJD Tuna v. Direttur Tal-agrikoltura U S-sajd, C-221/ Amministrazione delle Finanze dello Stato v. San 09, EU:C:2011:153, 114 Giorgio, 199/82, EU:C:1983:318, 302 Åklagaren v. Fransson, C-617/10, EU:C:2013:105, Amministrazione delle Finanze dello Stato v. 278 Simmenthal, 106/77, EU:C:1978:49, 209 Áklagaren v. Mickelsson and Roos, C-142/05, Amministrazione delle Finanze dello Stato v. Spi, EU:C:2009:336, 701, 704 267–9/81, EU:C:1983:78, 184 Akrich, C-109/01, EU:C:2003:491, 499, 513 ANETT, C-456/10, EU:C:2012:241, 701

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Anita Cristini v. Société nationale des chemins de fer Association belge des Consommateurs Test-Achats français, 32/75, EU:C:1975:120, 806 ASBL and Others v. Conseil des ministres, C-236/ Anker, C-47/02, EU:C:1987:284, 863 09, EU:C:2011:100, Opinion of Advocate General Anomar v. Estado Português, C-6/01, EU:C:2003:446, Kokott, 581 741, 760 Association de Médiation Sociale v. Union Locale des Antonissen, C-292/89, EU:C:1991:80, 492 Syndicats CGT, C-176/12, EU:C:2014:2, 259–60 Antrax It v. EUIPO, T-828–9/14, EU:T:2017:87, 399 Association de Soutien aux Travailleurs Immigrés Apothekerkammer des Saarlandes, C-171–2/07, EU: (ASTI) v. Chambre des employés privés, C-213/90, C:2009:316, 793 EU:C:1991:291, 805 Apple and Pear Development Council, 222/82, EU: Association France Nature Environnement v. Premier C:1983:370, 709–10 Ministre, C-379/15, EU:C:2016:603, 194 Applied Microengineering v. Commission, T-387/09, Association Vent De Colère! Fédération nationale and EU:T:2012:501, 382 Others v Ministre de l’Écologie, du Développement Aragonesa, C-1/90 and C-176/90, EU:C:1991:327, durable, des Transports et du Logement and 733 Ministre de l’Économie, des Finances et de Arcaro, C-168/95, EU:C:1996:363, 312 l’Industrie, C‑262/12, EU:C:2013:851, 978–9 Arcelor v. Premier Ministre, C-127/07, EU:C:2008:728, Asturcom Telecomunicaciones SL v Cristina Rodríguez 380 Nogueira, C-40/08, EU:C:2009:615, 301 Arcor v. Germany, C-152–4/07, EU:C:2008:426, 307 ATC v. Commission, T-333/10, EU:T:2013:451, 402 Ardic, C-571/17 PPU, EU:C:2017:1026, 265 Atlantic Container Line v. Commission, T-395/94, EU: Argos Distributors Ltd v. CCE, C-288/94, EU: T:2002:49, 888 C:1996:253, 741 Austrian GMOs see Land Oberösterreich and Austria v. Arnold André GmBH & Co. KG v. Landrat des Kreises Commission Herford, C-434/02, EU:C:2004:800, 639 Automec Srl v. Commission (Automec II), T-24/90, EU: Artegodan v. Commission, C-221/10 P, EU: T:1992:97, 397, 880 C:2012:216, 165 Awoyemi, C-230/97, EU:C:2004:59, 483 Ascendi v. Autoridade Tributária E Aduaneira, C-377/ Aziz v. Catalunyacaixa, C-415/11, EU:C:2013:164, 303 13, EU:C:2014:1754, 178 B, C-316/16, EU:C:2018:256, 518 Asklepios Kliniken v. Commission, T-167/04, Bacardi France v. Télévision française, C-429/02, EU: EU:T:2007:215, 398 C:2004:432, 824 Asma Bougnaoui and Association de défense des droits Bachmann v. Belgian State, C-204/90, EU:C:1992:35, de l’homme (ADDH) v. Micropole SA, C-188/15, 825–6 EU:C:2016:553, Opinion of AG Sharpston, 589, ‘Baltlanta’ v. Lietuvos valstybe, C-410/13, EU: 600 C:2014:2134, 313 Asma Bougnaoui and Association de défense des droits Banger, C-89/17 EU:C:2018:570, 503, 512 de l’homme (ADDH) v. Micropole SA, C-188/15, Banif Plus Bank v. Csipai, C-472/11, EU:C:2013:88, EU:C:2017:204, 591–2 299 Asnef-Equifax, Servicios de Información sobre Barber v. Guardian Royal Exchange Assurance Group, Solvencia y Crédito, SL v. Asociación de Usuarios 262/88, EU:C:1990:209, 583 de Servicios Bancarios (Ausbanc), C-238/05, EU: BASF AG and UCB SA v. Commission, T-101/05 and C:2006:734, 947 T-111/05, EU:T:2007:380, 932 Asociatia Accept v. Consiliul National pentru BASF Agro v. Commission, T-584/13, EU:T:2018:279, Combaterea Discriminarii, C-81/12, EU: 81, 395 C:2013:275, 585, 594 Baumbast v. Secretary of State for the Home Asociación Profesional Elite Taxi v Uber Systems Department, C-413/99, EU:C:2002:493, 479–80, Spain, SL, C-434/15, EU:C:2017:364, Opinion of 504 Advocate General Szpunar, 774 Bayer CropScience and Syngenta Crop Protection v. Asociación Profesional Elite Taxi v Uber Systems Commission, T-429/13 and T-451/13, EU: Spain, SL, C-434/15, EU:C:2017:981, 783 T:2018:280, 390 ASPLA and Armando Álvarez v. European Union, Becker v. Finanzamt Münster-Innenstadt, 8/81, EU: T-40/15, EU:T:2017:105, 378 C:1982:7, 305 Asscher, C-107/94, EU:C:1996:251, 788 Becu, C-22/98, EU:C:1999:419, 920 Associação Sindical dos Juízes Portugueses v. Tribunal Belasco and Others v. Commission, 246/86, EU: de Contas, C-64/16, EU:C:2018:117, 179, 217, C:1989:301, 922 251, 297–8 Belgische Staat v. Cobelfret, C-138/07, EU:C:2009:82, Association belge des Consommateurs Test-Achats 294 ASBL and Others v. Conseil des ministres, C-236/ Belgium and Forum 187 v. Commission, C-182/03 and 09, EU:C:2011:100, 272, 580 C-217/03, EU:C:2006:416, 383

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Belgium v. Commission, C-110/03, EU:C:2005:223, Brasserie du Pêcheur v. Germany and R v. Secretary of 998 State for Transport, ex parte Factortame (No. 3), Belgium v. Commission, C-16/16 P, EU:C:2018:79, 368 C-46/93 and C-48/93, EU:C:1996:79, 301, Belgium v. Commission, C-75/97, EU:C:1999:311, 984 316–20, 400 Belgium v. Commission, T-721/14, EU:T:2015:829, 368 Brentjens’ Handelsonderneming BV, C-115–17/97, EU: Belgium v. Commission (Tubemuse), 142/87, EU: C:1999:434, 924 C:1990:125, 990 Brentjens’ Handelsonderneming BV, C-115–17/97, EU: Belgium v. Spain, C-388/95, EU:C:2000:244, 330, 731 C:1999:434, Opinion of Advocate General Jacobs, Benedetti v. Munari, 52/76, EU:C:1977:16, 196 924 Berlington Hungary, C-98/14, EU:C:2015:386, 832, Bressol, C-73/08, EU:C:2010:181, 825, 844 837 Brey, C-140/12, EU:C:2013:565, 488, 489 Berlioz Investment Fund v. Directeur de Brihenche v. Ministre de l’Interieur, C-319/03, l’administration des contributions directes, C-682/ EU:C:2004:574, 616 15, EU:C:2017:373, 376 British Aggregates Association v. Commission, T-210/ Berlusconi and Others, C-387/02, C-391/02 and C-403/ 02 RENV, EU:T:2012:110, 985 02, EU:C:2004:624, 214 British Airways plc v. Commission, C-95/04 P, EU: Bettati v. Safety Hi-Tech, C-341/95, EU:C:1998:353, C:2007:166, 956–7 849 British Airways v. Commission, T-219/99, EU: Bettray v. Staatssecretaris van Justitie, 344/87, T:2003:343, 953, 956 EU:C:1989:226, 786, 788 British American Tobacco, C-491/01,EU:C:2002:741, BEUC & NCC v. Commission, T-37/92, EU:T:1994:54, 385 377 Broekmeulen v. Huisarts Registratie Commissie, 246/ Biasci and Others, C-660/11 and C-8/12, EU: 80, EU:C:1981:218, 178 C:2013:550, 839 BRT v. SABAM, 127/73, EU:C:1974:25, 910 Bickel and Franz, C-274/96, EU:C:1998:563, Bueno v. Commission, C-12–13/13 P, EU:C:2014:2284, 485 401 Bidar, C-209/03, EU:C:2005:169, 493 Bundesdruckerei GmbH v. Stadt Dortmund, C-549/13, Biehl v. Administration des contributions du grand- EU:C:2014:2235, 755 duché de Luxembourg, 175/88, EU:C:1990:186, Bundeswettbewerbsbehörde and Bundeskartellanwalt 806 v. Schenker & Co. AG and Others, C-681/11, EU: Bilka-Kaufhaus GmbH v. Karin Weber von Hartz, 170/ C:2013:404, 909 84, EU:C:1986:204, 583, 587–8 Bundeswettbewerbsbehörde v. Donau Chemie AG and Biologische Producten see Frans-Nederlandse Others, C-536/11, EU:C:2013:366, 909, 913 Maatschappij voor Biologische Producten Burmanjer, C-20/03, EU:C:2005:307, 726, 729 Bionorica and Diapharm v. Commission, C-596–7/15 Buy Irish see Commission v. Ireland (Buy Irish) P, EU:C:2017:886, 398 Buzzi Unicem v. Commission, T-297/11, EU: Birden v. Stadtgemeinde Bremen, C-1/97, EU: T:2014:122, 376 C:1998:568, 786 C. K. and Others, C-578/16 PPU, EU:C:2017:127, 265, Birgit Bartsch v. Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte, C- 268, 564–5 427/06, EU:C:2008:517, 579 C v. Netherlands, C-233/14, EU:C:2016:396, 491 Blaas v. Agenzia delle Dogane e dei Monopoli, C-207/ A, C-9/16, EU:C:2017:483, 538–9 17, EU:C:2018:840, 379 Cabotage II See Parliament v. Council (Cabotage II) Blaizot v. Belgium, 24/86, EU:C:1988:43, 255 Cadbury Schweppes, C-196/04, EU:C:2006:544, 816–17 Blanco Pérez, C-570/07, EU:C:2010:300, 741, 793, 835 CaixaBank France v. Ministère de l’Économie, des Bluhme, C-67/97, EU:C:1998:584, 842, 849–50 Finances et de l’Industrie, C-442/02, EU: BNIC v. Clair, 123/83, EU:C:1985:33, 922 C:2004:586, 756, 809–10 Bogendorff von Wolfersdorff, C-438/14, EU: Calfa, C-348/96, EU:C:1999:6, 517 C:2016:401, 485, 496–7 Camós Grau v. Commission, T-309/03, EU:T:2006:110, Bond van Adverteerders v. Netherlands, 352/85, EU: 401 C:1988:196, 739, 825 Campus Oil v. Minister for Industry and Energy, 72/83, Bosman see Union Royale Belge des Sociétés de EU:C:1984:256, 719, 825–6, 843 Football Association and Others v. Bosman and Carbonati Apuani, C-72/03, EU:C:2004:506, 733 Others Carmen Media, C-46/08, EU:C:2010:505, 760, 832, Boudjlida v. Préfet des Pyrénées- Atlantiques, C-249/ 836–7 13, EU:C:2014:2431, 377 Carpenter, C-60/00, EU:C:2002:434, 506–7, 510 bpost v. IBTT, C-340/13, EU:C:2015:77, 380 Cartesio, C-210/06, EU:C:2008:723, 813 Branco v. Commission, T-347/03, EU:T:2005:265, 378, Cassa di Risparmio di Firenze and Others, C-222/04, 382 EU:C:2006:8, 983

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Cassis de Dijon see Rewe-Zentral AG v. Colegio de Oﬁciales de la Marina Mercante Española v. Bundesmonopolverwaltung für Branntwein Administración del Estado, C-405/01, EU: (Cassis de Dijon) C:2003:515, 863 Cavallera see Consiglio Nazionale degli Ingegneri v. Coman, Hamilton and Asociaþia Accept v. Ministero della Giustizia and Marco Cavallera Inspectoratul General pentru Imigrãri, C-673/16, Caves Krier, C-379/11, EU:C:2012:798, 493 EU:C:2018:385, 220–2, 265, 500–2, 513 CD Contact Data GmbH v. Commission, T-18/03, EU: Comateb and Others, C-192–218/95, EU:C:1997:12, T:2009:132, 890 302 C.D. v. S.T., C-167/12, EU:C:2013:600, Opinion of Comitato ‘Venezia Vuole Vivere’ and Others v. Advocate General Kokott, 604 Commission, C-71/09 P, C-73/09 P and C-76/09 CEAHR v. Commission, T-427/08, EU:T:2010:517, 880 P, EU:C:2011:368, 980 Celaj, C-290/14, EU:C:2015:640, 551 Commission and Spain v. Government of Gibraltar and CELF and ministre de la Culture et de la United Kingdom, C-106–7/09 P, EU:C:2011:732, Communication, C-1/09, EU:C:2010:136, 992 985 Centre public d’action sociale d’Ottignies-Louvain-la- Commission and United Kingdom v. Kadi, C-584/10 P, Neuve v. Abdida, C-562/13, EU:C:2014:2453, C-593/10 P and C-595/10 P, EU:C:2013:518, 165, 549 374–6 Centros v. Erhvervs-og Selskabsstyrelsen, C-212/97, Commission v. Alrosa, C-441/07 P, EU:C:2010:377, EU:C:1999:126, 803, 813–15, 824 894–5 Centrum voor gelijkheid van kansen en voor Commission v. Anic Partecipazioni SpA, C-49/92, EU: racismebestrijding v. Firma Feryn NV, C-54/07, C:1999:356, 929, 932–3 EU:C:2008:155, 584–5 Commission v. Austria (Access to Universities), C-147/ Ceske drahy v. Commission, T-325/16, EU:T:2018:368, 03, EU:C:2005:427, 825, 844–5 272 Commission v. Austria, C-205/98, EU:C:2000:493, 352 Chakroun v. Minister van Buitenlandse Zaken, C-578/ Commission v. Austria, C-28/09, EU:C:2011:854, 724, 08, EU:C:2010:117, 557 842 Chart v. EEAS, T-138/14, EU:T:2015:981, 402 Commission v. Austria, C-320/03, EU:C:2005:684, 701, Château du Grand Bois SC v. Etablissement national 842 des produits de l’agriculture et de la mer, C-59/17, Commission v. Austria, C-393/05, EU:C:2007:428, EU:C:2018:641, 261 Opinion of Advocate General Sharpston, 760 Chavez-Vilchez, C-133/15, EU:C:2017:354, 508, 510 Commission v. Austria, C-393/05, EU:C:2007:722, 840 Chemische Afvalstoffen Dusseldorp BV and Others v. Commission v. Austria, C-465/01, EU:C:2004:530, 805 Minister van Volkhuisvesting, Ruimtelijke Commission v. Austria, C-53/08, EU:C:2011:338, 862 Ordening en Milieubeheer, C-203/96, EU: Commission v. Austria, C-75/11, EU:C:2012:605, 494 C:1998:316, 828, 851–3 Commission v. Austria (Heavy Goods Trucks), C-28/09, CHEMK v. Council, T-169/12, EU:T:2015:231, 377 EU:C:2011:854, 845, 851–2 Chevalley v. Commission, 15/70, EU:C:1970:95, 398 Commission v. BASF, C-137/92 P, EU:C:1994:247, 405 CHEZ Razpredelenie Bulgaria AD v. Komisia za Commission v. Belgium, 1/86, EU:C:1987:297, 342 zashtita ot diskriminatsia, C-83/14, EU: Commission v. Belgium, 221/85, EU:C:1986:456, 808 C:2015:480, 269, 596, 598 Commission v. Belgium, 293/85, EU:C:1988:40, 350–1 Chrysostomides & Co. v. Council, T-680/13, EU: Commission v. Belgium, 324/82, EU:C:1984:152, 741 T:2018:486, 260, 382 Commission v. Belgium, 77/69, EU:C:1970:34, 341–2 CIA Security International v. Signalson & Securitel, C- Commission v. Belgium, C-11/95, EU:C:1996:316, 349 194/94, EU:C:1996:172, 308 Commission v. Belgium, C-217/99, EU:C:2000:638, CIBA, C-96/08, EU:C:2010:185, 807 723, 834 Cilﬁt and Others v. Ministry of Health, 283/81, EU: Commission v. Belgium, C-254/05, EU:C:2012:539, C:1982:335, 188, 191–4, 195 647 ClientEarth v. Commission, C-57/16 P, EU:C:2018:660, Commission v. Belgium, C-300/90, EU:C:1992:37, 825 104 Commission v. Belgium, C-317/14, EU:C:2015:63, 791 ClientEarth v. Commission, C-612/13 P, EU: Commission v. Belgium, C-355/98, EU:C:2000:113, C:2015:486, 353–4 760 Clinique see Verband Sozialer Wettbewerb v. Clinique Commission v. Belgium, C-383/10, EU:C:2013:364, Laboratories 842 CNTA v. Commission, 74/74, EU:C:1976:84, 382, 403 Commission v. Belgium, C-408/03, EU:C:2006:192, Coditel v. Ciné-Vog Films, 262/81, EU:C:1982:334, 481 824 Commission v. Belgium, C-433/04, EU:C:2006:702, Coenen v. Sociaal-Economische Raad, 39/75, EU: 762 C:1975:155, 744, 760 Commission v. Belgium, C-47/08, EU:C:2011:334, 862

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Commission v. Belgium, C-503/99, EU:C:2002:328, Commission v. France, C-265/95, EU:C:1997:595, 214, 847 345 Commission v. Belgium, C-577/10, EU:C:2012:814, Commission v. France, C-304/02, EU:C:2005:444, 760 361–2, 419 Commission v. Belgium (No. 1), 149/79, EU: Commission v. France, C-381/93, EU:C:1994:370, 740 C:1980:297, 859 Commission v. France, C-441/06, EU:C:2007:616, 990 Commission v. Belgium (No. 2), 149/79, EU: Commission v. France, C-483/99, EU:C:2002:327, 847, C:1982:195, 859–60 980 Commission v. Belgium (Walloon Waste), C-2/90, EU: Commission v. France, C-50/08, EU:C:2011:335, 862 C:1992:310, 828, 851–2 Commission v. France, C-512/08, EU:C:2010:579, 768 Commission v. Bulgaria, C-488/15, EU:C:2017:267, Commission v. France, C-55/99, EU:C:2000:693, 723, 350 834 Commission v. Bulgaria, C-97/17, EU:C:2018:285, 348 Commission v. France, C-6/02, EU:C:2003:136, 722 Commission v. Camar and Tico, C-312/00 P, EU: Commission v. France, 64/88, EU:C:1991:240, 361 C:2002:736, 402 Commission v. France (French Merchant Navy), 167/ Commission v. Council, C-25/94, EU:C:1996:114, 87 73, EU:C:1974:35, 791 Commission v. Council, C-27/04, EU:C:2004:436, 368 Commission v. France (French Processing Aids), C-333/ Commission v. Council (ERTA), 22/70, EU:C:1971:32, 08, EU:C:2010:44, 829, 840, 847–9 367 Commission v. France (French Vitamins), C-24/00, EU: Commission v. Council (World Radiocommunication C:2004:70, 846–7, 854 Conference), C-687/15, EU:C:2017:803, 60–1 Commission v. France (Gold), C-166/03, EU: Commission v. Cresson, C-432/04, EU:C:2006:455, 64 C:2004:422, 722 Commission v. Cyprus, C-340/10, EU:C:2012:143, 350 Commission v. France (Spanish Strawberries), C-265/ Commission v. Cyprus, C-515/14, EU:C:2016:30, 790 95, EU:C:1997:595, 857–8 Commission v. Czech Republic, C-241/11, EU: Commission v. Germany, 70/72, EU:C:1973:87, 989 C:2013:423, 362 Commission v. Germany, 94/87, EU:C:1989:46, 991 Commission v. Czech Republic, C-525/14, EU: Commission v. Germany (Ambulance Services), C-160/ C:2016:714, 333 08, EU:C:2010:230, 860–1 Commission v. Czech Republic, C-575/16, EU: Commission v. Germany, C-105/02, EU:C:2006:637, C:2018:186, 862 214, 345 Commission v. Denmark, 211/81, EU:C:1982:437, Commission v. Germany, C-141/07, EU:C:2008:492, 348–9 826 Commission v. Denmark, 278/85, EU:C:1987:439, 349 Commission v. Germany, C-20/01 and C-28/01, EU: Commission v. Denmark, 302/86, EU:C:1988:421, 723, C:2003220, 334 824 Commission v. Germany, C-271/08, EU:C:2010:426, Commission v. Denmark, C-150/04, EU:C:2007:69, 796 924 Commission v. Denmark, C-192/01, EU:C:2003:492, Commission v. Germany, C-318/05, EU:C:2007:495, 704, 829, 843, 854 742, 744, 766–7 Commission v. Denmark (Danish Company Cars), Commission v. Germany, C-319/05, EU:C:2007:678, C-464/02, EU:C:2005:38, 633, 790, 807–8 699, 853 Commission v. EDF, C-124/10, EU:C:2012:318, 982 Commission v. Germany, C-404/05, EU:C:2007:428, Commission v. ENBW, C-365/12 P, EU:C:2014:112, Opinion of Advocate General Sharpston, 760 107–8 Commission v. Germany, C-404/05, EU:C:2007:723, Commission v. Ente per le Ville Vesuviane, C-445/07 P 840 and C-455/07 P, EU:C:2009:529, 390–1 Commission v. Germany, C-441/02, EU:C:2006:253, Commission v. Estonia, C-505/09 P, EU:C:2012:179, 334, 345 378 Commission v. Germany, C-463/01, EU:C:2004:797, Commission v. France, 21/84, EU:C:1985:184, 704 724 Commission v. France, 220/83, EU:C:1986:461, 824 Commission v. Germany, C-490/04, EU:C:2007:430, Commission v. France, 270/83, EU:C:1986:37, 811 345, 349 Commission v. France, 307/84, EU:C:1986:150, Commission v. Germany, C-503/04, EU:C:2007:432, Opinion of Advocate General Mancini, 859–60 332 Commission v. France, 96/85, [1986] ECR 1475, 796 Commission v. Germany, C-51/94, EU:C:1995352, 721 Commission v. France, C-184/96, EU:C:1998:495, 722 Commission v. Germany, C-54/08, EU:C:2011:339, 862 Commission v. France, C-212/03, EU:C:2005:313, 704, Commission v. Germany, C-57/89, EU:C:1991:89, 212 711, 713 Commission v. Germany, C-5/89, EU:C:1990:320, 991 Commission v. France, C-262/02, EU:C:2004:431, 824 Commission v. Germany, C-95/12, EU:C:2013:676, 359

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Commission v. Germany (CMA), C-325/00, EU: Commission v. Italy, C-260/04, EU:C:2007:508, 760–1 C:2002:633, 341–2 Commission v. Italy, C-369/11, EU:C:2013:636, 345 Commission v. Germany (German Beer), 178/84, EU: Commission v. Italy, C-371/04, EU:C:2006:668, 349, C:2001:214, 316, 720–1 805 Commission v. Germany (German Insurance), 205/84, Commission v. Italy, C-388/01, EU:C:2003:30, 485 EU:C:1986:463, 755, 760, 788, 824 Commission v. Italy, C-424/98, [2000] ECR I-4001, 482 Commission v. Germany (German Quality Products), Commission v. Italy, C-433/15, EU:C:2017:552, C-325/00, EU:C:2002:633, 710 Opinion of Advocate General Sharpston, 343 Commission v. Greece, 240/86, EU:C:1988:4, Opinion Commission v. Italy, C-465/05, EU:C:2007:781, 760 of Advocate General Lenz, 351 Commission v. Italy, C-496/09, EU:C:2011:740, 362 Commission v. Greece, C-140/03, EU:C:2005:242, 793 Commission v. Italy, C-518/06, EU:C:2009:270, 736, Commission v. Greece, 200/88, EU:C:1990:422, 351 745–7, 810 Commission v. Greece, C-274/05, EU:C:2008:585, 804 Commission v. Italy, C-531/06, EU:C:2009:315, 793 Commission v. Greece, C-328/16, EU:C:2018:98, 359, 386 Commission v. Italy (Chocolate), C-14/00, EU: Commission v. Greece, C-378/13, EU:C:2014:2405, 386 C:2003:22, 722, 726 Commission v. Greece, C-398/98, EU:C:2001:565, 700, Commission v. Italy (Free Movement of Capital), C- 843–4, 857 174/04, EU:C:2005:350, 847 Commission v. Greece, C-407/09, EU:C:2011:196, 359 Commission v. Italy (Lawyers’ Fees), C-565/08, EU: Commission v. Greece, C-415/03, EU:C:2005:287, 991 C:2011:188, 746–7, 756 Commission v. Greece, C-489/06, EU:C:2009:165, Commission v. Italy (Trade Fairs), C-439/99, EU: 333–4 C:2002:14, 755 Commission v. Greece, C-489/06, EU:C:2008:638, Commission v. Jégo-quéré, C-263/02 P, EU: Opinion of Advocate General Mazák, 343 C:2004:210, 165, 183 Commission v. Greece, C-61/08, EU:C:2011:340, 862 Commission v. Koninklijke Friesland Campina, C-519/ Commission v. Greece, 68/88, EU:C:1989:339, 345 07 P, EU:C:2009:556, 393–4 Commission v. Greece (Greek Milk), C-391/92, EU: Commission v. Latvia, C-151/14, EU:C:2015:577, 862 C:1995:199, 729 Commission v. Lisrestal and Others, C-32/95 P, EU: Commission v. Hungary, C-179/14, EU:C:2016:108, C:1996:402, 377 777 Commission v. Lithuania, C-350/08, EU:C:2010:642, Commission v. Hungary, C-392/15, EU:C:2017:73, 862 352 Commission v. Ireland, 45/87, EU:C:1997:435, 700 Commission v. Luxembourg, C-266/03, EU: Commission v. Ireland (Buy Irish), 249/81, EU: C:2005:341, 213 C:1982:402, 341, 700, 705, 709–10 Commission v. Luxembourg, C-274/15, EU: Commission v. Ireland, C-374/11, EU:C:2012:827, 362 C:2017:333, 333 Commission v. Ireland, C-456/08, EU:C:2010:46, 331, Commission v. Luxembourg, C-351/90, [1992] ECR I- 334 3945, 796 Commission v. Ireland, C-494/01, EU:C:2005:250, Commission v. Luxembourg, C-473/93, EU: 345–6, 349 C:1996:263, 350 Commission v. Ireland (Irish Souvenirs), 113/80, EU: Commission v. Luxembourg, C-51/08, EU:C:2011:336, C:1981:139, 723, 828 862 Commission v. Italy, 118/85, EU:C:1987:283, 743 Commission v. Malta, C-557/15, EU:C:2017:613, Commission v. Italy, 199/85, EU:C:1987:115, 341 Opinion of Advocate General Sharpston, 345 Commission v. Italy, 225/85, EU:C:1987:284, 863 Commission v. Malta, C-76/08, EU:C:2009:535, 331 Commission v. Italy, 22/87, EU:C:1989:45, 314 Commission v. Netherlands, C-157/09, EU:C:2011:794, Commission v. Italy, 3/88, EU:C:1992:49, 755 862 Commission v. Italy, 7/61, EU:C:1961:25, Opinion of Commission v. Netherlands, C-233/14, EU:C:2016:396, Advocate General Lagrange, 351 494, 516 Commission v. Italy, C-110/05, EU:C:2009:66, 701–3, Commission v. Netherlands, C-279/08 P, EU: 793, 824 C:2011:551, 975, 978–9, 985 Commission v. Italy, C-129/00, EU:C:2003:656, 342–3 Commission v. Netherlands, C-299/02, EU:C:2004:620, Commission v. Italy, C-134/05, EU:C:2007:435, 744, 760, 791, 813 756 Commission v. Netherlands, C-398/06, EU:C:2008:461, Commission v. Italy, C-159/99, EU:C:2001:278, 213, 481 345 Commission v. Netherlands, C-542/09, EU:C:2012:346, Commission v. Italy, C-180/89, EU:C:1991:78, 739, 824 494, 825 Commission v. Italy, C-196/13, EU:C:2014:2407, 359, Commission v. Netherlands (Direct and Portfolio 363 Investments), C-282–3/04, EU:C:2006:608, 847

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Commission v. Netherlands (Dutch Vitamins), C-41/02, Commission v. Spain, C-157/03, EU:C:2005:225, 334 EU:C:2004:762, 853–4 Commission v. Spain, C-211/08, EU:C:2010:340, 768 Commission v. Otis NV and Others, C-199/11, Commission v. Spain, C-266/94, EU:C:1995:235, 350 EU:C:2012:684, 912 Commission v. Spain, C-281/09, EU:C:2011:767, Commission v. Parliament and Council, C-417/12, 184 EU:C:2014:170, 70 Commission v. Spain, C-286/06, EU:C:2008:586, 804 Commission v. Parliament and Council, C-427/12, Commission v. Spain, C-358/01, EU:C:2003:599, 722 EU:C:2014:170, 70–1 Commission v. Spain, C-400/08, EU:C:2011:172, Commission v. Parliament and Council, C-88/14, 793 EU:C:2015:49, 70 Commission v. Spain, C-423/07, EU:C:2009:639, Commission v. Parliament and Council (Exchange of Opinion of Advocate General Mengozzi, 343 Data on Road Safety Offences), C-43/12, Commission v. Spain, C-446/01, EU:C:2003:347, 351 EU:C:2014:298, 119 Commission v. Spain, C-45/93, EU:C:1994:101, 485 Commission v. Poland, C-165/08, EU:C:2009:473, 340 Commission v. Spain, C-503/03, EU:C:2006:74, 334, 517 Commission v. Poland, C-331/09, EU:C:2011:250, 991 Commission v. Spain, C-514/03, EU:C:2006:63, 760 Commission v. Poland, C-336/16, EU:C:2018:94, 351 Commission v. Spain, C-610/10, EU:C:2012:781, 362 Commission v. Poland, C-441/17, EU:C:2018:255, 351 Commission v. Spain, C-88/07, EU:C:2008:567, Commission v. Poland, C-569/10, EU:C:2013:425, 349 Opinion of Advocate General Mazák, 699 Commission v. Portugal, C-171/02, EU:C:2004:270, Commission v. Spain, C-88/07, EU:C:2009:123, 853 760, 796 Commission v. Spain (Spanish Chocolate), C-12/00, Commission v. Portugal, C-171/08, EU:C:2010:412, EU:C:2003:21, 722 825 Commission v. Sweden, C-246/07, EU:C:2010:203, Commission v. Portugal, C-265/06, EU:C:2008:210, 213 700–1 Commission v. Sweden, C-270/11, EU:C:2013:339, Commission v. Portugal, C-34/11, EU:C:2012:712, 350 363 Commission v. Portugal, C-432/03, EU:C:2005:669, Commission v. Sytraval and Brink’s France, C-367/95 839 P, EU:C:1998:154, 378 Commission v. Portugal, C-438/08, EU:C:2009:651, Commission v. Tetra Laval, C-12/03 P, EU:C:2005:87, 862–3 371–2, 899 Commission v. Portugal, C-457/07, EU:C:2009:531, Commission v. United Kingdom, 124/81, 359 EU:C:1983:30, 842 Commission v. Portugal, C-458/08, EU:C:2010:692, Commission v. United Kingdom, 128/78, 755, 777 EU:C:1979:32, 114 Commission v. Portugal, C-52/08, EU:C:2011:337, Commission v. United Kingdom, 165/82, 862 EU:C:1983:311, 591 Commission v. Portugal, C-557/14, EU:C:2016:471, Commission v. United Kingdom, 60/86, 386 EU:C:1988:382, 211 Commission v. Portugal (Flight Taxes), C-70/99, EU: Commission v. United Kingdom, C-300/95, C:2001:125, 740 EU:C:1997:255, 345 Commission v. Portugal (Free Movement of Capital), C- Commission v. United Kingdom, C-301/10, 367/98, EU:C:2001:326, 826 EU:C:2012:633, 346 Commission v. Romania, C-522/09, EU:C:2011:251, Commission v. United Kingdom, C-308/14, 348 EU:C:2016:436, 482 Commission v. SGL Carbon AG, C-301/04 P, Commission v. United Kingdom, C-33/03, EU:C:2006:432, 890 EU:C:2005:144, 213 Commission v. SGL Carbon AG, C-301/04 P, Commission v. United Kingdom, C-383/92, EU:C:2006:53, Opinion of Advocate General EU:C:1994:234, 345 Geelhoed, 882 Commission v. United Kingdom, C-56/90, Commission v. Slovak Republic, C-433/13, EU:C:1993:307, 350 EU:C:2015:602, 348, 350 Commission v. United Kingdom, 170/78, Commission v. Slovak Republic, C-507/08, EU:C:1983:202, 720 EU:C:2010:802, 343–4 Commission v. United Kingdom (Marks of Origin) , Commission v. Slovenia, C-365/10, EU:C:2011:183, 207/83, EU:C:1985:161, 700, 705, 723 350 Commission v. United Kingdom (Newcastle Disease), Commission v. Spain, C-153/08, EU:C:2009:618, 40/82, EU:C:1984:33, 838–9 762 Compassion in World Farming, C-1/96, Commission v. Spain, C-154/08, EU:C:2009:695, 343 EU:C:1998:113, 833–4

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Competition Authority v. Beef Industry Development Da Costa v. Nederlandse Belastingadministratie, Society Ltd, C-209/07, EU:C:2008:643, 938 28–30/62, EU:C:1963:6, 191–4, 196 Conegate v. Customs and Excise Commissioners, 121/ Daily Mail see R v. HM Treasury, ex parte Daily Mail 85, EU:C:1986:114, 516, 831, 857 DaimlerChrysler v. Land Baden-Württemberg, C-324/ Conradi and Others, 198/86, EU:C:1987:489, 808 99, EU:C:2001:682, 853 Consiglio Nazionale degli Ingegneri v. Ministero della Dalmine SpA v. Commission, C-407/04 P, EU: Giustizia and Marco Cavallera, C-311/06, EU: C:2007:53, 374, 881 C:2009:37, 790, 804 Danfoss and Sauer-Danfoss v. Skatteministeriet, C-94/ Consorci Sanitari Del Maresme v. Corporació De Salut 10, EU:C:2011:674, 319–20 Del Maresme I La Selva, C-203/14, EU: Danish Company Cars see Commission v. Denmark C:2015:664, 178 (Danish Company Cars) Consten and Grundig v. Commission, 54 and 58/64, Danner, C-136/00, EU:C:2002:558, 827–8 EU:C:1966:41, 922 Dano, C-333/13, EU:C:2014:2358, 490–1 Cooperatiëve Verenigning ‘Suiker Unie’ UA v. Dansk Industri (DI), acting on behalf of Ajos A/S v. Commission, 40–8, 50, 54–6, 111, 113 and 114/ Estate of Karsten Eigil Rasmussen, C-441/14, EU: 73, EU:C:1975:174, 928 C:2016:278, 235, 311–12, 579 Corbiau, C-24/92, EU:C:1993:118, 179 Dansk Rørindustri and Others v. Commission, C-189/ Cornuaille see Rezguia Adoui v. Belgian State and City 02 P, C-202/02 P, C-205–8/02 P and C-213/02 P, of Liège; Dominique Cornuaille v. Belgian State EU:C:2005:408, 118, 890 Corporacion Dermoestetica, C-500/06, EU:C:2008:62, Dassonville see Procureur du Roi v Benoît and Gustave 744, 758, 835 Dassonville Corsica Ferries France, C-18/93, EU:C:1994:195, 740, De Agostini and TV Shop, C-34/95-36/95, [1997] ECR 747, 758 I-3843, 729 Corsten, C-58/98, EU:C:2000:527, 759, 824 De Capitani v. Parliament, T-540/15, EU:T:2018:167, Cosepuri v. EFSA, T-339/10 and T-532/10, EU: 86, 127–8 T:2013:38, 104 De Coster v. Collège des bourgmestre et échevins de Costa and Cifone, C-72/10 and C-77/10, EU:C:2012:80, Watermael- Boitsfort, C-17/00, EU:C:2001:366, 793, 839 Opinion of Advocate General Ruiz-Jarabo Costa v. ENEL, 6/64, EU:C:1964:66, 202, 204–5, 207–9, Colomer, 178–9 216 De Coster v. Collège des bourgmestre et échevins de Coty Germany GmbH v Parfümerie Akzente GmbH, Watermael- Boitsfort, C-17/00, EU:C:2001:651, C-230/16, EU:C:2017:941, 949 762–3, 824 Coty Germany v. Stadtsparkasse Magdeburg, C-580/ DEB, C-279/09, EU:C:2010:489, Opinion of Advocate 13, EU:C:2015:243, Opinion of Advocate General Mengozzi, 266 Cruz Villalón, 257 DEB, C-279/09, EU:C:2010:811, 299 Council v. Commission, (Macroﬁnancial Assistance to Decker v. Caisse de maladie des employés privés, Third Countries) C-409/13, EU:C:2015:217, 73, C-120/95, EU:C:1997:399, Opinion of Advocate 123 General Tesauro, 828 Council v. Melli Bank, C-380/09 P, EU:C:2012:137, 380 Decker v. Caisse de maladie des employés privés, Courage Ltd v. Crehan, C-453/99, EU:C:2001:465, 302, C-120/95, EU:C:1998:167, 828 910–11, 928 Defrenne v. Sabena, 149/77, EU:C:1978:130, 255 Cowan v. Trésor Public, 186/87, EU:C:1989:47, 485, 739 269 Criminal Proceedings Against Bellamy and English Defrenne v. Sabena (No. 2), 43/75, EU:C:1976:56, Shop Wholesale, C-123/00, EU:C:2001:214, 293–6, 306, 577 717 Dekker v. Stichting Vormingscentrum voor Jong Criminal proceedings against Ivo Taricco and Others, Volwassenen (VJV-Centrum), 177/88, EU: C-105/14, EU:C:2015:555, 230–1 C:1990:383, 596 Cristal Union v. Ministre de l’Économie et des Finances, Deliège v. Asbl Ligue Francophone de Judo, C-51/96 C-31/17, EU:C:2018:168, 294 and C-191/97, EU:C:1999:147, 741, 749 CS, C-304/14, EU:C:2016:674, 515 Delimitis v. Henninger Bräu AG, C-234/89, EU: Cullet, 231/83, EU:C:1985:29, 756 C:1991:91, 940 Cura Anlagen v. Auto Service Leasing, C-451/99, EU: Delvigne, C-650/13, EU:C:2015:648, 267, 519–20 C:2002:195, 738, 824 Demo-Studio Schmidt v. Commission, 210/81, Czech Republic v. Commission, C-695/15 P, EU: EU:C:1983:277, 378 C:2017:595, 70–1 Denuit v. Transorient – Mosaïque Voyages Et Culture, Czop and Punakova, C-147–8/11, EU:C:2012:538, 477, C-125/04, EU:C:2005:69, 178 783 Depesme, C-401/15, EU:C:2016:955, 503–4

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Deponiezweckverband Eiterköpfe v. Land Rheinland- Drei Glocken, 407/85, EU:C:1988:401, 721 Pfalz, C-6/03, EU:C:2005:222, 212 Driancourt v. Cognet, 355/85, EU:C:1986:410, 707 Dereci, C-526/11, EU:C:2013:543, 511 Dufour v. ECB, T-436/09, EU:T:2011:634, 403 Detièek v. Sgueglia, C-403/09 PPU, EU:C:2009:810, Dumortier and Others v. Council, 64/76, 113/76, 167/ 270–1 78, 239/78, 27–8/79 and 45/79, EU:C:1979:223, Deutsche Bahn v. Commission, C-583/13 P, 403 EU:C:2015:404, 884–5 Duomo, C-357/10, EU:C:2012:283, 761, 793 Deutsche Bahn v. Commission, T-351/02, Dynamic Medien Vertriebs GmbH v. Avides Media AG, EU:T:2006:104, 368 C-244/06, EU:C:2008:85, 269, 727–8 Deutsche Lufthansa AG v. Flughafen Frankfurt-Hahn Dyson v. Commission, C-44/16 P, EU:C:2017:357, 70, GmbH, C-284/12, EU:C:2013:755, 992–3 369 Deutsche Parkinson, C-148/15, EU:C:2016:776, 701, Dzodzi v. Belgium, 297/88 and C-197/89, EU: 730 C:1990:360, 184 Deutsche Telekom AG v. Lilli Schröder, C-50/96, E, C-193/16, EU:C:2017:542, 518 EU:C:2000:72, 577 East Sussex Council, C-71/14, EU:C:2015:656, 269 Deutscher Apothekerverband v. DocMorris, C-322/01, EasyJet Airline v. Commission, T-355/13, EU: EU:C:2003:664, 702, 708, 729–30, 842 T:2015:36, 378, 880 Deutsches Weintor, C-544/10, EU:C:2012:526, 269 ECB v. Cerafogli, T-787/14 P, EU:T:2016:633, 399 Deza v. Echa, T-189/14, EU:T:2017:4, 104 Eco Swiss China Time Ltd v. Benetton, C-126/97, EU: DHL, C-148/10, EU:C:2011:654, 810 C:1999:269, 928 DHL Express (Italy) Srl and Others v. Autorità Garante Ecotrade v. Agenzia delle Entrate – Ufﬁcio di Genova 3, della Concorrenza e del mercato, C-428/14, C-95–6/07, EU:C:2008:267, 301 EU:C:2016:27, 118, 892, 907 Ecotrade v. Altiforni e Ferriere di Servola, C-200/97, D’Hoop, C-224/98, EU:C:2002:432, 495, 511 EU:C:1998:579, 983 Di Lenardo and Dilexport v. Ministero del Commercio Edwards and Pallikaropoulos, C-260/11, EU: con l’Estero, C-37–8/02, EU:C:2004:443, 261 C:2013:221, 269 Dias, C-325/09, EU:C:2011:498, 477–8, 482 Egenberger v. Evangelisches Werk für Diakonie und Diatta v. Land Berlin, 267/83, EU:C:1985:67, Entwicklung eV, C-414/16, EU:C:2018:257, 250, 504 261–2, 266, 269, 324–6, 379, 581, 601–2, 579 Digibet, C-156/13, EU:C:2014:1756, 837–8 Église de Scientologie de Paris v. Prime Minister, Digital Rights Ireland v. Minister for Communications, C-54/99, EU:C:2000:124, 847 Marine and Natural Resources and Kärntner Einberger v. Hauptzollamt Freiburg, 294/82, [1984] Landesregierung and Others, C-293/12 and ECR 1177, 762–3 C-594/12, EU:C:2014:238, 229, 268, 272 El Dridi, C-61/11 PPU, EU:C:2011:268, 550 Dillenkofer and Others, C-178–9/94 and C-188–90/94, El Yassini v. Secretary of State for The Home EU:C:1996:375, 319 Department, C-416/96, EU:C:1999:107, 178 Diputación Foral de Álava v. Commission, T-30–2/01 Elchinov, C-173/09, EU:C:2010:336, 768–9 and T-86–8/02, EU:T:2009:314, 398 Elegktiko Sinedrio v. Ipourgeio Politismou kai DK Recycling und Roheisen v. Commission, C-540/14 Tourismou, C-363/11, Judgment of 19 December P, EU:C:2016:469, 69–70 2012, Opinion of Advocate General Sharpston, DKV, C-577/11, EU:C:2013:146, 756 581 Dominguez v. Centre informatique du Centre Ouest Elrick, C-275/12, EU:C:2013:684, 494 Atlantique and Préfet de la Région Centre Eman and Sevinger, C-300/04, EU:C:2006:545, 520 (CICOA), C-282/10, EU:C:2011:559, Opinion of Emsland-Stärke v. Landwirtschaftskammer Hannover, Advocate General Trstenjak, 266 C-94/05, EU:C:2006:185, 381 Dominguez v. Centre informatique du Centre Ouest ENISA see United Kingdom v. Parliament and Council Atlantique and Préfet de la Région Centre (ENISA) (CICOA), C-282/10, EU:C:2012:33, 324 Enka v. Inspecteur Der Invoerrechten, 38/77, [1977] Donnici v. Parliament, C-9/08, EU:C:2009:44, 94 ECR 2203, 116 Dornbracht v. Commission, T-386/10, EU:T:2013:450, Epifanio Viscido v. Ente Poste Italiane, C-52–4/97, EU: 890–1 C:1998:209, [1998] ECR I-2629, Opinion of Dow Chemical Company v. Commission, C-179/12 P, Advocate General Jacobs, 977, 978–9 EU:C:2013:605, 921 Erny, C-172/11, EU:C:2014:157, 269, 805, 825 Dow Chemical Ibérica and Others v. Commission, ERT v. DEP, C-260/89, EU:C:1991:254, 278, 838 97–9/87, EU:C:1989:380, 885 Erzberger, C-566/15, EU:C:2017:562, 805 Draehmpaehl v. Urania Immobilienservice, C-180/95, Erzeugerorganisation Tiefkühlgemüse v. Agrarmarkt EU:C:1997:11, 214, 594 Austria, C-516/16, EU:C:2017:101, 382

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Eschenbrenner, C-496/15, EU:C:2017:152, 806 Federspiel, C-419/16, EU:C:2017:677, Opinion of Essent, C-91/13, EU:C:2014:2206, 755 Advocate General Wahl, 790 Esso Raffinage v. ECHA, T-283/15, EU:T:2018:263, 368 Federspiel, C-419/16, EU:C:2017:997, 825 Estado Português v. Banco Privado Português, C-667/ Félix Palacios de la Villa v. Cortefiel Servicios SA, 13, EU:C:2015:151, 118 C-411/05, EU:C:2007:604, 579, 607 Estonia v. Parliament and Council, C-508/13, EU: Femarbel, C-57/12, EU:C:2013:171, 774 C:2015:403, 261, 384–5 Fenoll v. Centre d’aide par le travail ‘La Jouvene,’ ‘Eturas’ UAB and Others v. Lietuvos Respublikos C-316/13, EU:C:2015:200, 272, 319 konkurencijos taryba, C-74/14, EU:C:2016:42, 931 Ferracci v. Commission, T-219/13, EU:T:2016:485, 390 EUIPO v. Puma, C-564/16 P, EU:C:2018:509, 272 Ferreira Da Silva E Brito and Others v. Portugal, C-160/ Euro Park Service v. Ministre des Finances et des 14, EU:C:2015:390, 194, 195 Comptes publics, C-14/16, EU:C:2017:177, 300, Festersen, C-370/05, EU:C:2007:59, 825–6, 836 325 FIAMM v. Council, C-120/06 & C-121/06 P, EU: Eurocoton v. Council, C-76/01 P, EU:C:2003:511, 402 C:2008:476, 116, 402 European Air Transport v. Collège d’Environnement de Fiat Chrysler Finance Europe v Commission, T-759/15, la Région de Bruxelles-Capitale and Région de (pending), 985 Bruxelles-Capitale, C-120/10, EU:C:2011:94, Fidium Finanz v. Bundesanstalt für Opinion of Advocate General Cruz Villalón, 266 Finanzdienstleistnugsaufsicht, C-452/04, EU: European Night Services v. Commission, T-374–5/94, C:2006:182, 739 T-384/94 and T-388/94, EU:T:1998:198, 940 Fietje, 27/80, EU:C:1980:293, 721 European Ombudsman v. Staelen, C-337/15 P, EU: Finanzamt Köln-Altstadt v. Schumacker, C-279/93, C:2017:256, 378 EU:C:1995:31, 806 Eurowings v. Finanzamt Dortmund-Unna, C-294/97, Finanzamt München III v. Mohsche, C-193/91, EU: EU:C:1999:524, 744 C:1993:203, 991 Eventech Ltd v. The Parking Adjudicator, C-518/13, Firma Fink-Frucht GmbH v. Hauptzollamt EU:C:2015:9, 978–9 München-Landsbergerstrasse, 27/67, EU: Evonik Degussa GmbH v. European Commission, C- C:1968:22, 293 162/15 P, EU:C:2017:205, 887 Firma Sloman Neptun Schiffahrts AG v. Seebetriebsrat Evropaïki Dynamiki v. Parliament, T-136/15, EU: Bodo Ziesemer der Sloman Neptun Schiffahrts T:2017:915, 104 AG, C-72–3/91, EU:C:1992:130, 976–7 Exécutif regional wallon v. Commission, 62/87 and 72/ Firma Sloman Neptun Schiffahrts AG v. Seebetriebsrat 87, EU:C:1988:132, 995 Bodo Ziesemer der Sloman Neptun Schiffahrts F v Bevándorlási és Állampolgársági Hivatal, C-473/ AG, C-72–3/91, EU:C:1993:97, 978–9 16, EU:C:2018:36, 257–8 Fish Legal and Shirley v. Information Commissioner, Fachverband der Buchund Medienwirtschafl, C-531/ C-279/12, EU:C:2013:853, 306 07, EU:C:2009:276, 701, 729–30 FKP Scorpio, C-290/04, EU:C:2006:630, 739 Fag og Arbejde (FOA), acting on behalf of Karsten Foglia v. Novello, 104/79, EU:C:1980:73, 168, 186–8 Kaltoft v. Kommunernes Landsforening (KL), C- Foglia v. Novello (No. 2), 244/80, EU:C:1981:302, 354/13, EU:C:2014:2463, 580, 604 186–7, 196 Falck and Acciaierie di Bolzano v. Commission, C- Football Association Premier League and Others v. Qc 74–5/00, EU:C:2002:524, 378 Leisure and Others, C-403/08, EU:C:2009:789, 169 Fallimento Olimpiclub, C-2/08, EU:C:2009:506, 197 Försákringsaktiebolaget Skandia v. Riksskatteverket, Familiapress v. Heinrich Bauer Verlag, C-368/95, EU: C-422/01, EU:C:2003:380, 739 C:1997:325, 702, 727 Förster v. Hoofddirectie van de Informatie Beheer Farrell v. Whitty, C-413/15, EU:C:2017:745, 306, 311, 342 Groep, C-158/07, EU:C:2008:630, 494 Faust v. Commission, 52/81, EU:C:1982:369, 382 Foshan Shunde Yongjian Housewares & Hardware Co. FDC v. Estado Español and UPCT, C-17/92, EU: v. Commission, C-141/08 P, EU:C:2009:598, 377 C:1993:172, 744 Foster v. British Gas, C-188/89, EU:C:1990:313, 306 Federación Nacional de Empresas de Instrumentación Foto-Frost v. Hauptzollamt Lübeck-Ost, 314/85, EU: Científica, Médica, Técnica y Dental (FENIN) v. C:1987:452, 185, 188, 303, 396 Commission of the European Communities, T- Fra.Bo v. DVGW, C-171/11, EU:C:2012:453, 701, 319/99, EU:T:2003:50, 743 710–11 Federconsorzi v. Aima, C-88/91, EU:C:1992:276, 184 Franca Ninni-Orasche v. Bundesminister für Federico Cipolla v. Rosaria Fazari, née Portolese (C-94/ Wissenschaft, Verkehr und Kunst, C-413/01, EU: 04) and Stefano Macrino and Claudia Capoparte v. C:2003:600, 786, 803 Roberto Meloni (C-202/04), C-94/04 and C-202/ France and Czech Republic v. Commission, T-344/15, 04, EU:C:2006:758, 745–6, 756–8 EU:T:2017:250, 109

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France Télécom SA v. Commission, C-202/07 P, EU: Geraets-Smits v. Stichting Ziekenfonds; Peerbooms v. C:2009:214, 959 Stichting CZ Groep Zorgverzekeringen, C-157/99, France v. Commission, C-241/94, EU:C:1996:353, 982 EU:C:2001:404, 743, 767–9, 771–2 France v. Commission, C-325/91, [1993] ECR I-3283, Gerardo Ruiz Zambrano v. ONEm, C-34/09, EU: 118 C:2011:124, 467, 505, 507–8, 510, 522 France v. Commission (Stardust Marine), C-482/99, EU: German Beer see Commission v. Germany (German C:2002:294, 979 Beer) France v. United Kingdom, 141/78, EU:C:1979:225, German Quality Products see Commission v. Germany 330 (German Quality Products) Franchet & Byk v. Commission T-485/05, EU: Germany v. Commission, 248/84, EU:C:1987:437, 983 T:2008:257, 403 Germany v. Commission, C-156/98, EU:C:2000:467, Francovich and Bonifaci v. Italy, C-6/90 and C-9/90, 994 EU:C:1991:428, 314–16, 318, 321 Germany v. Commission, T-59/09, EU:T:2012:75, 109 Frans-Nederlandse Maatschappij voor Biologische Germany v. Parliament and Council (Tobacco Producten, 272/80, EU:C:1981:312, 839, 853 Advertising I), C-376/98, EU:C:2000:544, 627, Freitag, C-541/15, EU:C:2017:432, 485, 496 635–8, 643 French Merchant Navy see Commission v. France Germany v. Parliament and Council (Tobacco (French Merchant Navy) Advertising II), C-380/03, EU:C:2006:772, 639 French Processing Aids see Commission v. France Geurts and Vogten v. Administratie van de BTW, (French Processing Aids) registratie en domeinen, Belgische Staat, C-464/ French Vitamins see Commission v. France (French 05, EU:C:2007:631, 808 Vitamins) Geven v. Land Nordrhein-Westfalen, C-213/03, EU: Fresh Del Monte v. Commission, C-293/13 P, EC: C:2007:438, 788 C:2015:416, 933 Giersch, C-20/12 EU:C:2013:411, 493 Front National v. European Parliament, C-486/01 P, GIL Insurance Ltd and Others v. Commissioners of EU:C:2004:394, 391 Customs and Excise, C-308/01, EU:C:2004:252, Frucona v. Commission, C-73/11, EU:C:2013:32, 980 985 Fuß v. Stadt Halle, C-429/09, EU:C:2010:717, 301, 319 Gillespie v. Northern Health and Social Services Board, Futura Participations and Singer v. Administration des C-342/93, EU:C:1996:46, 583 contributions, C-250/95, EU:C:1997:239, 826 Gilli and Andres, 788/79, EU:C:1980:171, 720–2 FV v. Council, T-639/16 P, EU:T:2018:22, 272 Gilly v. Directeur des services ﬁscaux du Bas-Rhin, Galileo International Technology and Others v. C-336/96, EU:C:1998:221, 788 Commission, T-279/03, EU:T:2006:121, 403 Gisela Rosenbladt v Oellerking Gebäudereinigungsges. Galina Meister v. Speech Design Carrier Systems mbH, C-45/09, EU:C:2010:601, 607 GmbH, C-415/10, EU:C:2012:217, 593 Giuseppe Sacchi, 155/73, EU:C:1974:40, 738 Gambelli, C-243/01, EU:C:2003:597, 739, 760, 824, GlaxoSmithKline Services Unlimited v. Commission, 832, 840, 842 C-501/06 P, C-513/06 P, C-515/06 P and C-519/ Garcia Avello, C-148/02, EU:C:2003:539, 484–7, 500, 06 P, EU:C:2009:610, 872, 937, 947, 957 524 GlaxoSmithKline Services Unlimited v. Commission, Gardella v. INPSS, C-233/12, EU:C:2013:449, 264 Case T-168/01, EU:T:2006:265, 936–7 Garkalns, C-470/11, EU:C:2012:505, 848 Gnandi, C-181/16, EU:C:2018:465, 549 Garland v. British Rail Engineering, 12/81, EU: Godrej Industries v. Council, T-6/12, EU:T:2013:408, C:1982:44, 583 378 Gasorba SL v. Repsol, C-547/16, EU:C:2017:891, 895 Google Spain v. AEPD, C-131/12, EU:C:2014:317, Gauweiler and Others v. Deutscher Bundestag, C-62/ 268–9, 274, 738 14, EU:C:2015:400, 233, 679–80, 688–9 Gorka Salaberria Sorondo v. Academia Vasca de Gebhard v. Consiglio dell’ordine degli avvocati e Policía y Emergencias, C-258/15, EU:C:2016:873, procuratori di Milano, C-55/94, EU:C:1995:411, 591 735, 738, 744, 754, 783, 785, 787, 793, 797, 827 Gøttrup-Klim Grovvareforeninger v. Dansk Landbrugs Georg Dörr v Sicherheitsdirektion für das Bundesland Grovvareselskab AmbA, C-250/92, EU: Kärnten and Ibrahim Ünal v. Sicherheitsdirektion C:1994:413, 920, 928 für das Bundesland Vorarlberg, C-136/03, EU: Gottwald v. Bezirkshauptmannschaft Bregenz, C-103/ C:2005:340, 516 08, EU:C:2009:597, 485, 494–5 Georg Schwarz v. Bürgermeister der Landeshauptstadt Gouda v. Commissariat voor de Media, C-288/89, Salzburg, C-366/04, EU:C:2005:719, 727–8 EU:C:1991:157, 717, 744, 754–5, 824 Georgsmarienhütte v. Germany, C-135/16, EU: Government of the French Community and Walloon C:2018:582, 183 Government v. Flemish Government (Flemish

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Insurance Case), C-212/06, EU:C:2008:178, 344, Hartlauer Handelsgesellschaft mbH v. Wiener 500, 511 Landesregierung, Oberösterreichische Grad v. Finanzamt Traustein, C-9/70, EU:C:1970:78, Landesregierung, C-169/07, EU:C:2009:141, 793, 304 834–6 Graf v. Filzmoser Maschinenbau, C-190/98, EU: Hartmann v. Freistaat Bayern, C-212/05, EU: C:2000:49, 706, 794 C:2007:437, 788–9 Graham J. Wilson v. Ordre des avocats du barreau de Häupl v. Lidl, C-246/05, EU:C:2007:340, 179 Luxembourg, C-506/04, EU:C:2006:587, 179, 298, Heimann v. Kaiser, C-229–30/11, EU:C:2012:693, 792, 843 263 Grant v. South West Trains Ltd, C-249/96, EU: Heineken Nederland and Heineken v. Commission, C:1998:63, 597–8 T-240/07, EU:T:2011:284, 375 Gravier v. City of Liège, 293/83, EU:C:1985:69, 350 Heinrich, C-345/06, EU:C:2009:140, 381 Greece v. Commission, C-278/00, EU:C:2004:239, Hemming, C-316/15, EU:C:2016:879, 817 994 Henn and Darby see R v. Henn and Darby Green Source Poland v. Commission, T-512/14, EU: Herlitz v. Commission, T-66/92, EU:T:1994:84, 920 T:2017:299, 391 Hermès International v. FHT, C-53/96, EU:C:1998:292, Greenham and Abel, C-95/01, EU:C:2004:71, 829–30 184 Greenpeace and Others v. Commission, T-585/93, Hernández, C-198/13, EU:C:2014:2055, 279–80 EU:T:1995:147, 396–7 HGA and Others v. Commission, C-630–33/11 P, Grenville Hampshire v. The Board of the Pension EU:C:2013:387; Kotnik, C-526/14, EU: Protection Fund, C-17/17, EU:C:2018:674, 318 C:2016:570, 382 Grilli, C-12/02, EU:C:2003:538, 732 Hiebler, C-293/14, EU:C:2015:843, 862 Grimaldi v. Fonds des Maladies Professionelles, 322/ Hilti v. Commission, T-30/89, EU: T:1991:70, 954 88, EU:C:1989:646, 313 HK Danmark, acting on behalf of Jette Ring v. Dansk Grisoli, C-315/08, EU:C:2011:618, 793 almennyttigt Boligselskab and HK Danmark, Groener v. Minister for Education and the City of acting on behalf of Lone Skouboe Werge v. Dansk Dublin Vocational Educational Committee, 379/ Arbejdsgiverforening acting on behalf of Pro 87, EU:C:1989:599, 791–2, 843 Display A/S, C-335/11 and C-337/11, EU: Groenveld BV v. Produktschap voor Vee en Vlees, 15/ C:2013:222, 603–6 79, [1979] ECR 3409, 731 HM Customs and Excise v. Schindler, C-275/92, Grogan see Society for the Protection of the Unborn EU:C:1994:119, 738, 763, 765, 824–5, 832 Child (SPUC) v. Grogan Hochtief v. Budapest Fõváros Önkormányzata, C-300/ Groupe Canal + v. European Commission, T-873/16, 17, EU:C:2018:635, 197, 298 (pending), 895 Hocsman v. Ministre de l’Emploi et de la Solidarit, Groupe Danone v. Commission, C-3/06 P, EU: C-238/98, EU:C:2000:440, 798–9 C:2007:88, 889 Hoechst AG v. Commission, 46/87 and 227/88, EU: Groupement des cartes bancaires (CB) v. Commission, C:1989:337, 374, 884 C-67/13 P, EU:C:2014:2204, 939 Hoffmann-La Roche & Co. AG v. Commission, 85/76, Grunkin and Paul, C-353/06, EU:C:2008:559, 485–6, EU:C:1979:36, 953, 958 495–6 Höfner and Elser v. Macrotron GmbH, C-41/90, EU: Grupo Norte Facility v. Gómez, C-574/16, EU: C:1991:161, 919, 952 C:2018:390, 325 Home Credit Slovak Republic, C-42/15, EU: Grzelczyk, C-184/99, EU:C:2001:458, 488–90 C:2016:842, 790 GT-Link v. DSB, C-242/95, EU:C:1997:376, 302 HR, 512/77, EU:C:2018:513, 269 Guardian Europe v. European Union, T-673/15, HTTS Hanseatic Trade Trust & Shipping v. Council, EU:T:2017:377, 403 T-692/15, EU:T:2017:890, 402 Guimont, C-448/98, EU:C:2000:663, 708 Huber v. Bundesrepublik Deutschland, C-524/06, EU: Guiot, C-272/94, EU:C:1996:147, 755 C:2008:724, 485, 498 Gullung v. Conseil de l’Ordre des Avocats, 292/86, Huet v. Université De Bretagne Occidentale, C-251/11, EU:C:1988:15, 797 EU:C:2012:133, 169 Gusa, C-442/16, EU:C:2017:1004, 477 Hugin Kassaregister AB v. Commission, 22/78, Gut Springenheide, C-210/96, EU:C:1988:369, 721 EU:C:1979:138, 954 GVL v. Commission, 7/82, EU:C:1983:52, 888 Humanplasma, C-421/09, EU:C:2010:760, Gysbrechts, C-205/07, EU:C:2008:730, 732 842 Haegeman v. Commission, 96/71, EU:C:1972:88, 404 Humbel v. Belgium, 263/86, EU:C:1988:451, 742–3 Hahn, C-121/00, EU:C:2002:611, 855 Hungary v. Commission, C-31/13 P, EU:C:2014:70, Haralambidis, C-270/13, EU:C:2014:2185, 861 368

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Hungary v. Slovak Republic, C-364/10, Ispas v. Directia Generala, C-298/16, EU:C:2017:843, EU:C:2012:630, 330, 516 261 HX v. Council, C-423/16 P, EU:C:2017:848, 376 Italevesa, C-168/14, EU:C:2015:685, 793 IBM v. Commission, 60/81, EU:C:1981:264, 368 Italy and Sardegna Lines v. Commission, C-15/98 and Ibrahim, C-310/08, EU:C:2010:80, 504 C-105/99, EU:C:2000:570, 987 ICI v. Commission (Dyestuffs), 48/69, EU:C:1972:70, Italy v. Commission, 173/73, EU:C:1974:71, 976, 984 921, 928, 933 Italy v. Commission, 303/88, EU:C:1991:136, 980 IIDA v. Stadt Ulm, C-40/11, EU:C:2012:691, 504, 508, Italy v. Commission, C-6/97, EU:C:1999:251, 984 509, 552 Italy v. Commission, T-185/05, EU:T:2008:519, 368 Impact v. MAFF, C-268/06, EU:C:2008:223, 298 Italy v. Commission, T-358/11, EU:T:2015:394, 381 Impacto Azul, C-186/12, EU:C:2013:412, 807 Italy v. Parliament, C-393/07, EU:C: 2009:275, 94 Impresa Edilux and SICEF, C-425/14, EU:C:2015:721, ITC Innovative Technology Center GmbH v. 267 Bundesagentur für Arbeit, C-208/05. EU: Impresa Pizzarotti, C-213/13, EU:C:2014:206, 197 C:2006:649, Opinion of Advocate General Léger, in’t Veld see Sophie in’t Veld v Council of the European 740–1 Union J. Knoors v. Staatssecretaris van Economische Zaken, INASTI v. Kammler, C-53/95, EU:C:1996:58, 796 115/78, EU:C:1979:31, 802–3 Ingeniørforeningen i Danmark, acting on behalf of Ole Jafari, C-646/16, EU:C:2017:586, 561–2 Andersen v. Region Syddanma, C-499/08, EU: Jägerskiöld v. Gustafsson, C-97/98, EU:C:1999:515, C:2010:600, 608 738 Ingetraut Scholz v. Opera Universitaria di Cagliari and Jahin v. Ministre de l’Économie et des Finances, C-45/ Cinzia Porcedda, C-419/92, EU:C:1994:62, 805 17, EU:C:2018:18, 660 Inizan v. Caisse Primaire d’Assurance Maladie des Janko Rottmann v. Freistaat Bayern, C-135/08, EU: Hauts-de-Seine, C-56/01, EU:C:2003:578, 768 C:2010:104, 235, 472–4, 510 Inspire Art see Kamer van Koophandel en Fabrieken Jany v. Staatssecretaris van Justitie, C-268/99, EU: voor Amsterdam v. Inspire Art C:2001:616, 737, 764, 832 Intel Corporation Inc. v. Commission, C-413/14 P, EU: Javico International and Javico AG v. Yves Saint C:2017:632, 965–6 Laurent Parfums SA, C-306/96, EU:C:1998:173, Inter-environnement Wallonie v. Région Wallonne, 922 C-129/96, EU:C:1997:628, 114, 309 Jégo-quéré v. Commission, T-177/01, EU:T:2002:112, International Chemical Corporation v. 165 Amministrazione delle Finanze, 66/80, EU: Jenkins v. Kingsgate (Clothing Productions) Ltd, 96/80, C:1981:102, 185, 197, 404 EU:C:1981:80, 588 International Fruit Company v. Commission, 41/70-44/ Jersey Potatoes, C-293/02, EU:C:2005:664, 733 70, [1971] ECR 411, 116 Jetair v. Fod Financiën, C-599/12, EU:C:2014:144, 114 International Fruit v. Produktschap voor Groenten en Jia v. Migrationsverket, C-1/05, EU:C:2007:1, 502 Fruit, 21–4/72, EU:C:1972:115, 208 Jinan Meide Casting v. Council, T-424/13, EU: 2005/438 International Transport Workers’ Federation T:2016:378, 381 and Finnish Seamen’s Union v. Viking Line ABP Jipa, C-33/07, EU:C:2008:396, 519 and OÜ Viking Line Eesti, C-438/05, EU: Jobra VermögensverwaltungsGesellschaft mbH v. C:2007:772, 713, 749, 751–3, 824, 924 Finanzamt Amstetten Melk Scheibbs, C-330/07, Internationale Handelsgesellschaft mbH v. Einfuhr- EU:C:2008:685, 762 und Vorratstelle für Getreide und Futtermittel, 11/ Johann Odar v. Baxter Deutschland GmbH, C-152/11, 70, EU:C:1970:114, 184, 206, 255, 386 EU:C:2012:772, 586 Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami (Seal Products), T-526/10, EU: Johnston v. Chief Constable of the Royal Ulster T:2013:215, 640–1 Constabulary, 222/84, EU:C:1986:206, 298 Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami v. Council, C-583/11 P, EU: Josemans, C-137/09, EU:C:2010:774, 856 C:2013:625, 389 Jundt and Jundt v. Finanzamt Offenburg, C-281/06, Ioannidis, C-258/04, EU:C:2005:559, 493 EU:C:2007:816, 744, 762 IR v. JQ, C-68/17, EU:C:2018:696, 601 Jyri Lehtonen and Castors Canada Dry Namur-Braine Ireks-Arkady v. Council and Commission, 238/78, EU: Asbl v. Fédération royale belge des sociétés de C:1979:203, 403–4 basket-ball Asbl (FRBSB), C-176/96, EU: Ireland v. Commission, 325/85, EU:C:1987:546, 381 C:2000:201, 749 Irimie v. Administratia Finantelor Publice Sibiu, C- Jyske Bank, C-212/11, EU:C:2013:270, 755, 842 565/11, EU:C:2013:250, 301–2 Jyske Finans A/S v. Ligebehandlingsnævnet (Danish Irish Sugar v. Commission, T-228/97, EU:T:1999:246, Equality Board), C-668/15, EU:C:2017:278, 920 598–600

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K, C-331/16, EU:C:2018:296, 517 Koller, C-118/09, EU:C:2010:805, 178, 798, 804 K.A. and Others, C-82/16, EU:C:2018:308, 509–10, 549 Konkurrensverket v. TeliaSonera Sverige AB, C-52/09, Kadi and Al Barakaat International Foundation v. EU:C:2011:83, 964 Council and Commission, C-402/05 P and C-415/ Konle, C-302/97, EU:C:1999:271, 836 05 p, 165, 208 Konstantinides, C-475/11, EU:C:2013:542, 746 Kadi v. Commission, T-85/09, EU:T:2010:418, 165, 227 Konsumentombudsmannen (KO) v. Gourmet Kakavetsos-Fragkopoulos, C-161/09, EU:C:2011:110, International Products AB, C-405/98, EU: 721, 733 C:2001:135, 729–30 Kalanke v. Freie Hansestadt Bremen, C-450/93, EU: Kossowski, C-486/14, EU:C:2016:483, 376 C:1995:322, 616 Kotnik and Others v Državni zbor Republike Slovenije, Kamberaj v. IPES, C-571/10, EU:C:2012:233, 260, C-526/14, EU:C:2016:570, 382 555–6 Kotnik and Others v Državni zbor Republike Slovenije, Kamer van Koophandel en Fabrieken voor Amsterdam C-526/14, EU:C:2016:102, Opinion of Advocate v. Inspire Art, C-167/01, EU:C:2003:512, 815–16 General Wahl, 1001–2 Kamino International Logistics and Datema Hellmann Koushkaki, C-84/12, EU:C:2013:862, 542 Worldwide Logistics, C-129–30/13, EU: Kranemann v. Land Nordrhein-Westfalen, C-109/04, C:2014:2041, 377 EU:C:2005:187, 794, 826 Kampffmeyer v. Commission, 5, 7, 13–24/66, EU: Kranemann v. Land Nordrhein-Westfalen, C-109/04, C:1967:8, 404 EU:C:2005:68, Opinion of Advocate General Kampffmeyer v. Commission and Council, 56–60/74, Geelhoed, 786 EU:C:1976:78, 403 Kraus v. Land Baden-Württemberg, C-19/92, EU: Kapferer v. Schlank & Schlick, C-234/04, EU: C:1993:125, 799 C:2006:178, 197 Kreil v. Germany, C-285/98, EU:C:1999:525, 591 Karner v. Troostwijk, C-71/02, EU:C:2004:181, 729, Kremzow v. Austria, C-299/95, EU:C:1997:58, 255 738, 824 Križan and Others v Slovenská inšpekcia životného Kaur, C-192/99, [2001] ECR I-1237, 473–4 prostredia, C-416/10, EU:C:2013:8, 174–5 Keck and Mithouard, C-267–8/91, EU:C:1993:905, Kronos, C-47/12, EU:C:2014:2200, 782, 811 695–8, 724–7, 729 Kühne and Heitz v. Productschap Voor Pluimvee En Kempf v. Staatssecretaris van Justitie, 139/85, EU: Eieren, C-453/00, EU:C:2004:17, 197 C:1986:223, 479, 786–7 Kuijer v. Council, T-211/00, EU:T:2002:30, 107 Kernkraftwerke Lippe-Ems v. Hauptzollamt Osnabrück, Kuldip Singh, C-218/14, EU:C:2015:476, 481, C-5/14, EU:C:2015:354, 176 504 Ker-Optika, C-108/09, EU:C:2010:725, 730–1 Kušinová, C-34/13, EU:C:2014:2189, 268 KF v. European Union Centre, T-286/15, EU: Läärä v. Kihlakunnansyyttäjä, C-124/97, EU: T:2018:718, 399 C:1999:435, 832, 856 Khachab v. Subdelegación del Gobierno en Álava, C- Laboratoires CTRS v. Commission, T-12/12, EU: 558/14, EU:C:2016:285, 557 T:2012:343, 398–9 Kirsammer-Hack v. Nurhan Sidal, C-189/91, EU: Laboratoires Fournier SA v. Direction des vériﬁcations C:1993:907, 977 nationales et internationales, C-39/04, EU: Klas Rosengren and Others v. Riksåklagaren, C-170/04, C:2005:161, 762 EU:C:2007:313, 701, 729 Laboratoires Pharmaceutiques Bergaderm v. Klausner Holz Niedersachsen v. Land Nordrhein- Commission, C-352/98 P, EU:C:2000:361, 400–2 westfalen, C-505/14, EU:C:2015:742, 197 Ladbrokes, C-258/08, EU:C:2010:308, 760, 832, 856–7 Klein v. Commission, T-309/10, EU:T:2014:19, 403 Lahousse, C-142/09, EU:C:2010:694, 701 Kleinwort Benson v. City of Glasgow District Council, Lämmerzahl, C-241/06, EU:C:2007:597, 302 C-346/93, EU:C:1995:85, 184 Land Oberösterreich and Austria v. Commission Klopp see Ordre des Avocats au Barreau de Paris v. Klopp (Austrian GMOs), C-439/05 P and C-454/05 P, EU: KME v. Commission, C-272/09 P, EU:C:2011:63, C:2007:510, 650 Opinion of Advocate General Sharpston, 896 Landeshauptstadt Kiel v. Jaeger, C-151/02, EU: KME v. Commission, C-272/09 P, EU:C:2011:810, C:2003:437, 273–4 896–8 Landeskliniken, C-514/12, EU:C:2013:799, 805 Knauf Gips v. Commission, C-407/08 P, EU: Landtóva, C-399/09, EU:C:2011:415, 234 C:2010:389, 257 Lanigan, C-237/15 PPU, EU:C:2015, 268 Köbler v. Austria, C-224/01, EU:C:2003:513, 189–90, Las v. PSA Antwerp, C-202/11, EU:C:2013:239, 220, 192, 320–2, 343, 805 791 Kohll v. Union des Caisses de Maladie, C-158/96, EU: Lassal, C-162/09, EU:C:2010:592, 477–8 C:1998:171, 743, 762–3, 765, 767–8, 825–6, 828 Laurie-Blum, 66/85, EU:C:1986:284, 783

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Laval un Partneri Ltd v Svenska Lombard Ingatlan Lízing v. Nemzeti Adó- és Byggnadsarbetareförbundet, Svenska Vámhivatal Fellebbviteli Igazgatóság, C-404/16, Byggnadsarbetareförbundets avdelning 1, EU:C:2017:759, 294 Byggettan and Svenska Elektrikerförbundet, C- Lorenz v. Germany, 120/70, EU:C:1973:152, 991 341/05, EU:C:2007:809, 269, 713, 824 Lounes, C-165/16, EU:C:2017:862, 474, 487, 511, Laval un Partneri Ltd v Svenska 513–15, 524 Byggnadsarbetareförbundet, Svenska LPN and Finland v. Commission, C-514/11 P and C- Byggnadsarbetareförbundets avdelning 1, 605/11 P, EU:C:2013:528, 108 Byggettan and Svenska Elektrikerförbundet, C- LR af 1998 A/S v. Commission, T-23/99, EU:T:2002:75, 341/05, EU:C:2007:291, Opinion of Advocate 933 General Mengozzi, 751–3 Lubrizol France v. Caisse nationale du Régime social LCL Le Crédit Lyonnais, C-565/12, EU:C:2014:190, 214 des indépendants participations extérieures, C-39/ Leclerc Siplec v. Tf1 Publicité, C-412/93, EU: 17, EU:C:2018:438, 425 C:1995:26, 188 Ludwigs–Apotheke München Internationale Apotheke Leclerc v. Au Blé Vert, 299/83, EU:C:1985:1, 708 v. Juers Pharma Import-Export GmbH, C-143/06, Ledra Advertising, C-8–10/15 P, EU:C:2016:701, 63 EU:C:2007:656, 842 Leffler v. Berlin Chemie, C-443/03, EU:C:2005:665, 299 Luisi and Carbone v. Ministero del Tesoro, 286/82 and Leichtle v. Bundesanstalt für Arbeit, C-8/02, EU: 26/83, EU:C:1984:35, 739, 764 C:2004:161, 768, 842, 845 Lütticke v. Commission, 48/65, EU:C:1966:8, 352 Leonesio v. Italian Ministry of Agriculture, 93/71, EU: Lütticke v. HZA Sarrelouis, 57/65, EU:C:1966:34, 293 C:1972:39, 303 Lutz, C-182/00, EU:C:2002:19, 179 Les Vergers Du Vieux Tauves, C-48/07, EU:C:2008:758, Luxembourg v Commission, T-755/15, (pending), 985 184 Lyckeskog C-99/00, EU:C:2002:329, 188–9 Lesoochranárske Zoskupenie, C-240/09, EU: Maatschappij Drijvende Bokken BV v. Stichting C:2011:125, 184 Pensioenfonds voor de Vervoer- en Leth v. Republik Österreich, C-420/11, EU:C:2013:166, Havenbedrijven, C-219/97, EU:C:1999:437, 923 319 Macarthys Ltd v. Smith, 129/79, EU:C:1980:103, 582–3 Levez v. Jennings, C-326/96, EU:C:1998:577, Mahdi, C-146/14 PPU, EU:C:2014:1320, 168 302 Makhteshim-Agan Holding BV and Others v. Levin v. Staatssecretaris van Justitie, 53/81, EU: Commission, T-34/05 R, EU:T:2005:147, 398 C:1982:105, 479, 491, 513, 785, 786–8, 802 Malgožata Runevic-Vardyn and Lukasz Pawel Wardyn Libert, C-197/11, EU:C:2013:288, 825, 848 v Vilniaus miesto savivaldybes administracija and Liga Portuguesa de Futebol Profissional and Bwin Others, C-391/09, EU:C:2011:291, 498 International Ltd v. Departamento de Jogos da Mallis and Others v. Commission and ECB, C-105–109/ Santa Casa da Misericórdia de Lisboa, C-42/07, 15 P, EU:C:2016:702, 367 EU:C:2009:519, 760, 832–3 Malta v. Commission, T-653/16, EU:T:2018:241, 104 Liga Portuguesa de Futebol Profissional v. Mangold see Werner Mangold v. Rüdiger Helm Departamento de Jogos da Santa Casa da Mannesmannröhren-Werke AG v. Commission, T-112/ Misericórdia de Lisboa, C-42/07, EU:C:2009:519, 98, EU:T:2001:61, 882 Opinion of Advocate General Bot, 343 Maria-Luise Lindorfer v. Council, C-227/04 P, EU: Liga van Moskeeën en Islamitische Organisaties C:2007:490, 579, 607 Provincie Antwerpen v. Vlaams Gewest, C-426/ Mario Vital Pérez v. Ayuntamiento de Oviedo, C-416/ 16, EU:C:2018:335, 253, 260 13, EU:C:2014:2371, 591 Limburgse Vinyl Maatschappij NV and Others v. Marks & Spencer v. CCE, C-309/06, EU:C:2008:211, Commission, C-238/99 P, C-244–5/99 P, C-247/ 302 99 P, C-250–2/99 P and C-254/99 P, EU: Marks & Spencer v. Halsey, C-446/03, EU:C:2005:201, C:2002:582, 880 Opinion of Advocate General Poiares Maduro, 828 Linde v. Commission, T-98/00, EU: T:2002:248, 980 Marleasing SA v. La Comercial Internacionale de Lindfors, C-365/02, EU:C:2004:449, 170 Alimentacion, C-106/89, EU:C:1990:395, 311, Lindman, C-42/02, EU:C:2003:613, 760 326 Lindorfer v. Council see Maria-Luise Lindorfer v. Marques da Rosa v. Varzim Sol, C-306/16, EU: Council C:2017:844, 264 Linguistic Diversity See Parliament v. Council Marschall v. Land Nordrhein-Westfalen, C-409/95, EU: (Linguistic Diversity In The Information Society) C:1997:533, 616 LN v. Styrelsen for Videregående Uddannelser og Marshall v. Southampton and South West Hampshire Uddannelsesstøtte, C-46/12, EU:C: 2013:97, 479, Area Health Authority, 152/84, EU:C:1986:84, 491, 785, 786, 802 305–7, 310–12

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Marshall v. Southampton and South West Hampshire Ministre de I’Intérieur v. Olazabal, C-100/01, EU: Area Health Authority (No. 2), C-271/91, C:2002:712, 515, 856 EU:C:1993:335, 301, 594, 623 Miraglia, C-469/03, EU:C:2005:156, 376 Martens, C-359/13, EU:C:2015:118, 493–4 ML, C-220/18 PPU, EU:C:2018:589, 268 Martinez and Others v. Parliament, T-222/99, T-327/99 M.M v. Minister for Justice, Equality and Law Reform, and T-329/99, EU:T:2001:242, 380 C-277/11, EU:C:2012:744, 377 Martínez Andrés v. Vasco de Salud; López v. Mobistar v. Commune de Fléron, C-544/03, EU: Ayuntamiento de Vitoria, C-184/15 and C-197/ C:2005:518, 735, 746–7 15, EU:C:2016:680, 298 Montis Design v. Goossens Meubelen, C-169/15, EU: Martinez Silva v. INPS, C-449/16, EU:C:2017:485, 554 C:2016:383, Opinion of Advocate General Campos Martinez-Sala, C-85/96, EU:C:1998:217, 487, 491 Sánchez-bordona, 168 M.A.S. and M.B. (Taricco II), C-42/17, EU:C:2017:936, Morcillo and García, C-169/14, EU:C:2014:2099, 267 206, 231 Morellato, C-416/00, EU:C:2003:475, 728 Mathot, 98/86, EU:C:2000:663, 707 Morgan v. Bezirksregierung Köln, C-11/06, EU: Matra Hachette v. Commission, T-17/93, EU: C:2007:626, 494–5, 497 T:1994:89, 945 Morningstar v. Commission, T-76/14, EU:T:2016:481, Mazzoleni and ISA, C-165/98, EU:C:2001:162, 747 895 MB v. Secretary of State for Work and Pensions, Morson and Jhanjan v. Netherlands, 35–6/82, EU: C-451/16, EU:C:2018:492, 265 C:1982:368, 500 McB v. L.E., C-400/10 PPU, EU:C:2010:582, 265 MP v. Secretary of State for the Home Department, C- McCarthy, C-434/09, EU:C:2011:277, 511 353/16, EU:C:2018:276, 265, 268, 549 Meca Medina and Majcen v. Commission, T-313/02, MRAX, C-459/99, EU:C:2002:461, 484, 516 EU:T:2004:282, 749–51 M.S. v. P.S., C-283/16, EU:C:2017:104, 114 Meca-Medina and Majcen v. Commission, C-519/04 P, Mulder v. Council and Commission, C-104/89 and C- EU:C:2006:492, 925–6 37/90, EU:C:1992:217, 404 Melki and Abdeli, C-188–9/10, EU:C:2010:363, 175–6 Mulgan and Others, C-313/99, EU:C:2002:386, 213 Melli Bank v. Council, T-246/08 and T-332/08, Müller-Fauré v. Onderlinge Waarborgmaatschappij OZ EU:T:2009:266, 380, 399 Zorgverzekeringen, C-385/99, EU:C:2003:270, Melloni v. Ministerio Fiscal, C-399/11, EU:C:2012:600, 768–71 Opinion of Advocate General Bot, 265 Muñoz v. Frumar, C-253/00, EU:C:2002:497, 318 Melloni v. Ministerio Fiscal, C-399/11, EU:C:2013:107, Musique diffusion française and Others v. Commission, 206–7, 209, 217, 229, 263–4 100–3/80, EU:C:1983:158, 889 Merck Canada v. Accord Healthcare, C-555/13, EU: N v. Inspecteur van de Belastingdienst Oost/kantoor C:2014:92, 178 Almelo, C-470/04, EU:C:2006:525, 302, 319 Metallgesellschaft v. IRC, 397/87 and C-410/98, EU: NA, C-115/15, EU:C:2016:487, 504 C:2001:370, 302 Nadin, Nadin-Lux and Durré, C-151–2/04, EU: Metock v. Minister for Justice, Equality and Law C:2005:775, 808 Reform, C-127/08, EU:C:2008:449, 498–9, 512, Nancy Delay v. Università degli studi di Firenze, 515, 548 Istituto nazionale della previdenza sociale, C-276/ Metro SBGroßmärkte GmbH & Co. KG v. Commission, 07, EU:C:2008:282, 805 26/76, EU:C:1977:167, 924, 940 Nasiopoulos, C-573/11, EU:C:2013:564, 800–1 Metronome Musik v. Music Point Hokamp, C-200/96, NC v. Commission, T-151/16, EU:T:2017:437, 272 EU:C:1998:172, 824 NDSHT v. Commission, C-322/09 P, EU:C:2010:701, MF 7 v. Mafra, C-49/13, EU:C:2013:767, 179 368 M.G., C-400/12, EU:C:2014:9, 478, 518 Nederlandsche Banden-Industrie Michelin NV v. M.G and N.R. v. Staatssecretaris van Veiligheid en Commission, 322/81, EU:C:1983:313, 953–5 Justitie, C-383/13 PPU, EU:C:2013:533, 376 Neri v. European School of Economics, C-153/02, EU: Micheletti v. Delegación del Gobierno Cantabria, C:2003:614, 803–4 C-369/90, EU:C:1992:295, 474 Nerkowska, C-499/06, EU:C:2008:300, 495 Michelin v. Commission, T-203/01, EU:T:2003:250, Netherlands v. Ann Florence Reed, 59/85, EU: 955 C:1986:157, 500 Microban v. Commission, T-262/10, EU:T:2011:623, Netherlands v. Parliament and Council, C-377/98, EU: 390 C:2001:329, Opinion of Advocate General Jacobs, Microsoft v. Commission, T-201/04, EU:T:2007:289, 268 888, 899 Netherlands v. Parliament and Council, C-377/98, EU: Minister voor Vreemdelingenzaken en Integratie v. C:2001:523, 385 Eind, C-291/05, EU:C:2007:771, 512, 513 New Valmar, C-15/15, EU:C:2016:464, 732

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Newcastle Disease see Commission v. United Kingdom ORKEM v. Commission, 374/87, EU:C:1989:387, 255, (Newcastle Disease) 376, 881 Nexan v. Commission, C-37/13 P, EU:C:2014:2030, Ospelt v. Schössle Weissenberg Familienstiftung, C- 374 452/01, EU:C:2003:493, 826, 836 Nexans France v. Commission, T-135/09, EU: Österreichische Postsparkasse and Bank für Arbeit und T:2012:596, 368 Wirtschaft v. Commission, T-213–14/01, EU: NG v. European Council, T-193/16, EU:T:2017:129, 545 T:2006:151, 368–9 Nimz v. Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg, C-184/89, EU: Österreichischer Rundfunk and Others, C-465/00 and C:1991:50, 588 C-138-9/01, [2003] ECR I-4989, 268 NN, C-48/15, EU:C:2016:356, 738 Ottica, C-539/11, EU:C:2013:591, 793 Nold v. Commission, 4/73, EU:C:1974:51, 255 Oulane v. Minister voor Vreemdelingenzaken en Nölle v. Commission and Council, T-167/94, EU: Integratie, C-215/03, EU:C:2005:638, 482–3 T:1997:195, 403–4 P v. S and Cornwall County Council, C-13/94, EU: Nölle v. Hauptzollamt Bremen-Freihafen, C-16/90, EU: C:1995:444, Opinion of Advocate General C:1991:402, 378 Tesauro, 577 North Western Health Board v. Margaret McKenna, C- P v. S and Cornwall County Council, C-13/94, EU: 191/03, EU:C:2005:513, 596 C:1996:170, 597 Novácke chemické závody a.s. v. Commission, T-352/ Palmisani v. INPS, C-261/95, EU:C:1997:351, 301 09, EU:T:2012:673, 878 Panicello v. Martínez, C-503/15, EU:C:2017:126, NPO v. Jonkman, C-231–3/06, EU:C:2007:373, 197 179 NS v. Secretary of State for the Home Department; ME Paoletti, C-218/15, EU:C:2016:748, 279 v. Refugee Applications Commissioner, C-411/10 Papierfabrik August Koehler v. Commission, C-322/07 and C-493/10, EU:C:2011:865, 268, 564 P, C-327/07 P and C-338/07 P, EU:C:2009:500, O and B, C-456/12, EU:C:2014:135, 511–13 378 O and S v. Maahanmuuttoverasto; Paquay v. Société d’architectes Hoet & Minne C-460/ Maahanmuuttoverasto v. L, C-356–7/11, 06, EU:C:2007:601, 214 EU:C:2012:776, 509–10 Pari Pharma v. EMA, T-235/15, EU:T:2018:65, 108 O2 (Germany) GmbH & Co. OHG v. Commission, Parker v. Commission, T-77/92, EU:T:1994:85, T-328/03, EU:T:2006:116, 942–4 920 Odar v. Baxter, C-152/11, EU:C:2012:772, 580 Parliament v. Council, 13/83, EU:C:1985:220, 397 Oebel, 155/80, EU:C:1981:177, 824 Parliament v. Council (Cabotage II), C-65/90, [1992] Officier van Justitie v. De Peijper, 104/75, EU: ECR I-4593, 130 C:1976:67, 840 Parliament v. Council, (Connecting Europe Facility) O’Flynn v. Adjudication Officer, C-237/94, EU: C-286/14, EU:C:2016:183, 71 C:1996:206, 485 Parliament v. Council (Europol Third Country Ogieriakhi v. Minister for Justice and Equality, C-244/ Agreements) C-344/10, EU:C:2015:579, 70 13, EU:C:2014:2068, 319, 504 Parliament v. Council (Family Reunification Directive), Ognyanov, C-554/14, EU:C:2016:835, 312, 325, 381 C-540/03, EU:C:2006:429, 255, 275–6, 557 Ogyanov, C-614/14, EU:C:2016:514, 168 Parliament v. Council (General Tariff Preferences), Oliveira v. Commission, T-73/95, EU:T;1997:3, 378 C-65/93, EU:C:1995:91, 130–1 Olympique Lyonnais, C-325/08, EU:C:2010:143, 793 Parliament v. Council (Linguistic Diversity in The Omalet, C-245/09, EU:C:2010:808, 741 Information Society), C-42/97, [1999] ECR I-869, Ombudsman v. Staelens, C-337/15 P, EU:C:2017:256, 120 403 Parliament v. Council (Revision of Judgment), C-295/ Omega Spielhallen -und Automatenaufstellungs- 90, [1992] ECR I-4193, 120 GmbH v. Oberbürgermeisterin der Bundesstadt Parliament v. Council (Safe Countries of Origin), Bonn, C-36/02, EU:C:2004:614, 738, 824, 830–1, C-355/10, EU:C:2012:516, 70, 369 856 Parliament v. Council (TACIS), C-417/93, EU: Onuekwere, C-378/12, EU:C:2014:13, 478 C:1995:127, 130 Ordem dos Técnicos Oficiais de Contas v. Autoridade Parliament v. Council (Visas), C-392/95, EU: da Concorrência, C-1/12, Judgment of 23 C:1997:289, 405 February 2013, 926 Parris v. Trinity College Dublin and Others, C-443/15, Ordre des Avocats au Barreau de Paris v. Klopp, 107/ EU:C:2016:897, 613 83, EU:C:1984:270, 760, 793, 795–6, 824 Partena, C-137/11, EU:C:2012:593, 842 Ordre des Barreaux francophones and germanophone Parti Ecologiste ‘Les Verts’ v. European Parliament, and Others, C-305/05, EU:C:2007:383, 269 294/83, [1986] ECR 1339, 185 Orfanopoulos and Oliveri v. Land Baden-Württemberg, Passenheim-van Schoot, C-155/08, EU:C:2009:368, C-482/01 and C-493/01, EU:C:2004:262, 517–18 842

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Patriciello, C-163/10, EU:C:2011:379, Opinion of Polska Telefonia Cyfrowa v. Prezes Urzêdu Advocate General Jääskinen, 266 Komunikacji Elektronicznej, C-410/09, EU: Pearle BV, Hans Prijs Optiek Franchise BV and Rinck C:2011:294, 118 Opticiëns BV v. Hoofdbedrijfschap Ambachten, C- Portugaia Construções, C-164/99, EU:C:2002:40; 345/02, EU:C:2004:448, 979 Commission v. Luxembourg (Employment of Peerbooms v. Stichting CZ Groep Zorgverzekeringen Foreign Workers), C-445/03, EU:C:2004:655, 824 see Geraets-Smits v. Stichting Ziekenfonds Portugal v. Commission, C-88/03, EU:C:2006:511, Pelati, C-603/10, EU:C:2012:639, 301 982–3 Pelckmans Turnhout, C-483/12, EU:C:2014:304, 727, Portugal v. Council, C-149/96, EU:C:1999:574, 303 731, 738, 794 Post Danmark A/S v. Konkurrencerådet, C-209/10, Peñarroja Fa, C-372–3/09, EU:C:2011:156, 298, 861–2 ECLI:EU:C:2012:172, 964 Peralta, C-379/92, EU:C:1994:296, 706, 747, 758 Post Danmark A/S v. Konkurrencerådet, C-23/14, EU: Perfili, C-177/94, EU:C:1996:24, 746 C:2015:651, 964–5 Pesla, C-345/08, EU:C:2009:771, 798 Poucet v. Assurances Générales de France and Caisse Pesqueras Echebastar v. Commission, C-25/91, EU: Mutuelle Régionale du Languedoc-Roussillon, C:1993, 398 C-159–60/91, EU:C:1993:63, 762–3 Petersen, C-544/11, EU:C:2013:124, 806, 826 Prequ’ Italia v. Agenzia delle Dogane e dei Monopoli, Petersen v. Berufungsausschuss für Zahnärzte für den C-276/16, EU:C:2017:1010, 377 Bezirk Westfalen-Lippe, C-341/08, EU:C:2010:4, Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri v. Regione 592 Sardegna, C-169/08, EU:C:2009:709, 762 Petrea, C-184/16, EU:C:2017:684, 482–3 Preston v. Wolverhampton Health Care Trust, C-78/98, Petrotel-Lukoil v. Ministerul Economie, C-76/17, EU: EU:C:2000:247, 301 C:2018:139, 302 Prete, C-367/11, EU:C:2012:668, 493 Petruhnin, C-182/15, EU:C:2016:630, 485 PreussenElektra AG v. Schhleswag AG, C-379/98, EU: Pfeiffer and Others v. Deutsches Rotes Kreuz, C- C:2001:160, 700, 828, 850, 977–9 397–403/01, EU:C:2004:584, 311 Prezes Urzędu Ochrony Konkurencji i Konsumentów v. Pfizer Animal Health v. Council, T-13/99, EU: Tele2 Polska sp. z o.o., devenue Netia SA, C-375/ T:2002:209, 81 09, EU:C:2011:270, 909, 944 Pfleger, C-390/12, EU:C:2014:281, 839, 843 Pringle v Government of Ireland, C-370/12, EU: Pfleiderer v. Bundeskartellamt, C-360/09, [2011] ECR C:2012:756, 62–3, 144, 678–9 I-5161, 118 Prinz and Seeberger, C-523/11, EU:C:2013:524, 494 Philip Morris, C-547/14, EU:C:2016:325, 639 Procureur du Roi v. Benoît and Gustave Dassonville, 8/ Philip Morris Holland BV v. Commission, 730/79, EU: 74, EU:C:1974:82, 695–700, 706–7, 713, 726–7, C:1980:209, 994–5 729 Philippe Bonnarde v. Agence de Services et de Procureur du Roi v. Debauve, 52/79, EU:C:1980:83, Paiement, C-433/10, EU:C:2011:641, 700–1, 724 739 PI, C-348/09, EU:C:2012:300, 518 Punto Casa v. Sindaco del Comune di Capena, C-69/93 Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmétique SAS v. Président de and C-258/93, EU:C:1994:226, 729 l’Autorité de la concurrence and Ministre de Pusa, C-224/02, EU:C:2004:273, 495 l’Économie, de l’Industrie et de l’Emploi, C-439/ Questore di Verona v. Zenatti, C-67/98, EU: 09, EU:C:2011:649, 949 C:1999:514, 760 Pillbox 38, C-477/14, EU:C:2016:324, 639 R, ex parte Iata v. Department for Transport, C-344/04, Pimix, C-146/11, EU:C:2012:450, 213 EU:C:2006:10, 186 Piriaiki-Pitraiki v. Commission, 11/82, EU:C:1985:18, R v. Environment Agency, ex parte Edwards and 391 Pallikaropoulos, C-260/11, EU:C:2013:221, 299 Pisciotti, C-191/16, EU:C:2018:222, 485 R v. Henn and Darby, 34/79, EU:C:1979:295, 516, 832, Pistre, C-321/94, EU:C:1997:229, 707–8 856–7 Placanica, Palazzese and Soricchio, C-338/04, C- R v. HM Commissioners for Her Majesty’s Revenue and 359–60/04, EU:C:2007:133, 760, 832–3, 842 Customs, ex parte Western Sahara Campaign UK, Plantanol, C-201/08, EU:C:2009:539; Valsts ienemumu C-266/16, EU:C:2018:118, 418 dienests v. ‘Veloserviss’ SIA, C-427/14, EU: R v. HM Treasury, ex parte British C:2015:803, 382 Telecommunications, C-392/93, EU:C:1996:131, Plantavis v. Commission, T-334/12, EU: T:2015:376, 319 390 R v. HM Treasury, ex parte Daily Mail, 81/87, EU: Plaumann & Co. v. Commission, 25/62, EU:C:1963:17, C:1988:456, 811–13 393, 395–6 R v. HM Treasury, ex parte Rosneft, C-72/15, EU: Polbud, C-106/16, EU:C:2017:804, 813 C:2017:236, 162, 183, 185, 375 Polliseni, C-217/09, EU:C:2010:796, 793 R v. Kirk, 63/83, EU:C:1984:255, 261, 381

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R v. Licensing Authority of the Department of Health, Reyners v. Belgium, 2/74, EU:C:1974:68, 294, 738, 788, ex parte Synthon, C-452/06, EU:C:2008:565, 319 791 R v. Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, ex Rezguia Adoui v. Belgian State and City of Liège; parte Fedesa 331/88, EU:C:1990:39, 381, 386 Dominique Cornuaille v. Belgian State, 115–16/ R v. Secretary of State for Employment, ex parte 81, EU:C:1982:183, 516, 832, 857 Seymour-Smith and Perez, C-167/97, EU: Rheinmühlen-düsseldorf v. Einfuhr- und Vorratstelle C:1999:60, 583, 588 Für Getreide, 166/73, EU:C:1974:3, 180 R v. Secretary of State for Health, ex parte Alliance for Rica Foods v. Commission, T-47/00, EU:T:2002:7, 395 Natural Health, C-154–5/04, EU:C:2005:449, 385 Richards v. Secretary of State for Work and Pensions, R v. Secretary of State for Health, ex parte Gallaher Ltd, C-423/04, EU:C:2006:256, 597 C-11/92, EU:C:1993:262, 648–9 Rijksinstituut voor de sociale verzekering des R v. Secretary of State for Health, ex parte Swedish zelfstandigen v. Wolf, 154–5/87, EU:C:1988:379, Match, C-210/03, EU:C:2004:802, 639–40 796 R v. Secretary of State for the Home Department, ex Rina Services, C-593/13, EU:C:2015:399, 777, 817 parte MA, C-648/11, EU:C:2013:367, 264 Rinner-Kühn v. FWW Spezial-Gebäudereinigung R v. Secretary of State for the Home Department, ex GmbH & Co. KG, 171/88, EU:C:1989:328, 583, parte Shingara and ex parte Radiom, C-65/95 and 588 C-111/95, EU:C:1997:300, 516 RI-SAN v. Commune de Ischia, C-108/98, EU: R v. Secretary of State for Transport, ex parte C:1999:400, 739, 741 Factortame Ltd, C-221/89, EU:C:1991:320, 316 Riseria Luigi Geddo v. Ente Nazionale Risi, 2/73, R v. Secretary of State for Transport, ex parte EU:C:1973:89, 697 Factortame Ltd, C-213/89, EU:C:1990:257, 302 Roman Angonese v. Cassa di Risparmio di Bolzano R v. Secretary of State for Transport, Local Government SpA, C-281/98, EU:C:1999:583, Opinion of and the Regions, ex parte Wells, C-201/02, EU: Advocate General Fennelly, 749, 754, 788 C:2004:12, 307 Roman Angonese v. Cassa di Risparmio di Bolzano Raccanelli v. Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung SpA, C-281/98, EU:C:2000:296, 791, 804 der, C-94/07, C:2008:425, 785 Römer v. Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg, C-147/08, Radlberger Getränkegesellschaft v. Land Baden- EU:C:2011:286, 610 Württemberg, C-309/02, EU:C:2004:799, 724 Roquette Frères v. Council, 138/79, EU:C:1980:249, Radziejewski, C-461/11, EU:C:2012:704, 497 129–30 Ran v. De Schmedt, 261/81, EU:C:1982:382, 721 Roquette Frères v. Directeur général de la concurrence, Ratti, 148/78, EU:C:1979:110, 305 de la consommation et de la répression des frauds, Rau v. Bundesanstalt Für Landswirtschaftliche C-94/00, EU:C:2002:603, 885–6 Marktordnung, 133–6/85, EU:C:1987:244, 182 Rottmann see Janko Rottmann v. Freistaat Bayern Ravil v. Bellon Import, C-469/00, EU:C:2003:295, 731 RPO, C-397/15, EU:C:2017:174, 130 Regione autonoma della Sardegna v. Commission, T- RSV v. Commission, 223/85, EU:C:1987:502, 394/08, EU: T:2011:493, 378 378 Reisch and Others v. Bürgermeister der Rubach, C-344/08, EU:C:2009:482, 375 Landeshaupstadt Salzburg, C-515/99 and C- Ruckdeschel v. Council, 117/76 and 16/77, EU: 527–540/99, EU:C:2002:135, 824, 836 C:1977:160, 380 Reisebüro Broede v. Sandker, C-3/95, EU:C:1996:487, Rüffler, C-544/07, EU:C:2009:258, 497, 790 825 Runevic, C-391/09, EU:C:2011:291, 825 Remia, 42/84, [1985] ECR 2545, 924 Rush Portuguesa v. Office national d’immigration, Remondis v. Region Hannover, C-51/15, EU: C-113/89, EU:C:1990:142, 824 C:2016:985, 220 Rütgers Germany v. ECHA, T-96/10, EU:T:2013:109, Rendon Marin, C-165/14, EU:C:2016:675, 508 368 Rewe-Zentral AG v. Bundesmonopolverwaltung für Ruth Hünermund and Others v. Branntwein (Cassis de Dijon), 120/78, EU: Landesapothekerkammer Baden-Württemberg, C:1979:42, 633, 646, 695–9, 702–3, 714–19, 721, C-292/92, EU:C:1993:932, Opinion of Advocate 793, 823–4 General Tesauro, 697 Rewe-Zentrale v. Landwirtschaftskammer Rheinland, Ryan Air v. Commission, T-423/07, EU:T:2011:226, 37/83, EU:C:1984:89, 855 398 Rewe-Zentralfinanz eG and Rewe-Zentral AG v Ryanair Ltd v. Commission, T-196/04, EU:T:2008:585, Landwirtschaftskammer für das Saarland, 33/76, 975, 980–1 EU:C:1976:188, 300 Ryneš, C-212/13, EU:C:2014:2428, 268 Rewe-Zentralfinanz GmbH v. Landwirtschaftskammer S and G, C-457/12, EU:C:2014:136, 506–7 Bonn, 4/75, EU:C:1975:98, 839 S. Coleman v. Attridge Law and Steve Law, C-303/06, Reyes, C-432/12, EU:C:2013:719, 502–3 EU:C:2008:415, 595–6

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Sacko v. Commissione Territoriale per il Schöning-Kougebetopoulou v. Freie und Hansestadt riconoscimento della protezione internazionale di Hamburg, C-15/96, EU:C:1998:3, 320 Milano, C-348/16, EU:C:2017:591, 265, 567 Schrems v. Data Protection Commissioner, C-362/14, Safa Nicu Sepahan v. Council, C-45/15 P, EU: EU:C:2015:650, 185, 268 C:2017:402, 403 Schroeder v. Council and Commission, T-205/14, EU: Safa Nicu Sepahan v. Council, T-384/11, EU: T:2015:673, 404 T:2014:986, 402 Schul v. Minister Van Landbouw, Natuur En Safariland v. OHIM, T-262/09, EU:T:2011:171, 375 Voedselkwaliteit, C-461/03, EU:C:2005:742, Safety Hi-Tech v. S and T, C-284/95, EU:C:1998:352, 185 849 Schutzverband v. TK-Heimdienst, C-254/98, EU: Säger v. Dennemeyer, C-76/90, EU:C:1991:331, 744, C:2000:12, 729 756 Schwarz and Gootjes-Schwarz v. Finanzamt Bergisch Sahin, C-551/07, EU:C:2008:755, 499 Gladbach, C-76/05, EU:C:2007:492, 495, 766 Saint Prix, C-507/12, EU:C:2014:2007, 477 Schwarz see Georg Schwarz v. Bürgermeister der Salgoil v. Italian Foreign Trade Ministry, 13/68, EU: Landeshauptstadt Salzburg C:1968:54, 293 Scialdone, C-574/15, EU:C:2018:295, 214 Salomone Haim v. Kassenzahnärztliche Vereinigung Scotch Whisky, C-333/14, EU:C:2015:845, 701, 730, Nordrhein, C-424/97, EU:C:2000:357, 792, 828, 841–2 843 Seal Products see Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami Samba Diouf v. Ministre du Travail, de l’Emploi et de Sean McCarthy, C-202/13, EU:C:2014:2450, 482 l’Immigration, C-69/10, EU:C:2011:524, 301 Seco v. Etablissement d’assurance contre la vieillesse et Samira Achbita, Center for Equal Opportunities and l’invalidité, 62–3/81, EU:C:1982:34, 755 Opposition to Racism v. G4S Secure Solutions NV, Secretaria Regional De Saude Dos Acores, C-102/17, C-157/15, EU:C:2017:203, 600, 602, 586–9, EU:C:2018:294, 179 605–6 Secretary of State for the Home Department v. Samira Achbita, Center for Equal Opportunities and Rahman, C-83/11, EU:C:2012:519, 503 Opposition to Racism v. G4S Secure Solutions NV, Secretary of State for Work and Pensions v. Tolley, C- C-157/15, EU:C:2016:382, Opinion of AG Kokott, 430/15, EU:C:2017:74, 169 589 Seda Kücükdeveci v. Swedex GmbH & Co. KG, C-555/ Sandoz, 174/82, EU:C:1983:213, 829, 854 07, EU:C:2010:21, 323–5, 579 Sandström, C-433/05, EU:C:2010:184, 701, 704, SEGRO, C-52/16 and C-113/16, EU:C:2018:157, 176, 726 660 Santana v. Consejería de Justicia y Administración Sekula Aćimović v Slovenia and Deželna banka Pública de la Junta de Andalucía, C-177/10, EU: Slovenije, T-88/14, EU:T:2014:156, 165 C:2011:557, 301 Selex Sistemi Integrati v. Commission and Eurocontrol, Sapod Audic, C-159/00, EU:C:2002:343, 727 C-113/07, EU:C:2009:191, 919 Saunders, 175/78, EU:C: 1979:88, 788 SEP v. Commission, C-36/92, EU:C:1994:205, 880 Sayn-Wittgenstein v. Landeshauptmann von Wien, C- Sermes v. Directeur de Service des Douanes de 208/09, EU:C:2010:806, 220, 497, 824, 843 Strasbourg, 323/88, EU:C:1990:299, 374 SC Paper Consult SRL v Direcţia Regională a Finanţelor SFEI v. Commission, C-39/93 P, EU:C:1994:253, 368 Publice Cluj-Napoca and Administraţia Judeţeană SFEI v. La Poste, C-39/94, EU:C:1996:285, 302, 991 a Finanţelor Publice BistriţaNăsăud, C-101/16, SG Alsacienne v. Koestler, 15/78, EU:C:1978:184, 739 EU:C:2017:775, 348 Shell Petroleum NV v. Commission, T-343/06, EU: Scarlet Extended v. SABAM, C-70/10, EU:C:2011:255, T:2012:479, 890 Opinion of Advocate General Cruz Villalón, 257 SIA Maxima Latvija v. Konkurences padome, C-345/ Schempp, C-403/03, EU:C:2005:446, 495 14, EU:C:2015:784, 940–1 Schenker v. Commission, T-265/12, EU:T:2016:111, SIA ‘VM Remonts,’ formerly SIA ‘DIV un KO’ and SIA 376 ‘Ausma grupa’ v. Konkurences padome, C-542/14, Schindler Holding Ltd and Others v. Commission, EU:C:2016:578, 934–5 C-501/11 P, EU:C:2013:522, 896, 921 Simap v. Conselleria de Sanidad y Consumo de la Schindler see HM Customs and Excise v. Schindler Generalidad Valenciana, C-303/98, EU: Schlüsselverlag JS Moser v. Commission, T-3/02, EU: C:2000:528, 273–4 T:2002:64, 398 Sina Bank v. Council, T-15/11, EU:T:2012:661, 400 Schmidberger v. Republic of Austria, C-112/00, EU: Singh, C-370/90, EU:C:1992:296, 511 C:2003:333, 214, 711–13, 824, 858 Siragusa, C-206/13, EU:C:2014:126, 278 Schneider v. Commission, T-351/03, EU:T:2007:212, Sirdar v. Army Board and Secretary of State for 402 Defence, C-273/97, EU:C:1999:523, 591 Schnitzer, C-215/01, EU:C:2003:662, 739 Sison v. Council, C-266/05 P, EU:C:2007:75, 106

l Table of Cases

Sison v. Council, T-341/07, EU:T:2011:687, Spain v. Commission, C-114/00, EU:C:2002:508, 995 402 Spain v. Commission, C-135/93, EU:C:1995:201, 399 Sjöberg, C-447/08, EU:C:2010:415, 761, 838 Spain v. Commission, C-278/92, EU:C:1994:325, 980 Skanska Industrial Solutions and Others, C-724/17 P Spain v. Commission, C-342/96, EU:C:1999:210, 979 (pending), 911 Spain v. Commission, C-351/98, EU:C:2002:530, 988 Skatteministeriet v. Vestergard, C-55/98, EU: Spain v. Commission, C-480/98, EU:C:2000:559, 990 C:1999:533, 740–1 Spain v. Commission, T-548/14, EU:T:2016:739, 381 ŠKO-Energo v. Odvolací finanèní øeditelství, C-43/14, Spain v. Council, C-310/04, EU:C:2006:521, 388 EU:C:2015:120, 212 Spain v. Council, C-521/15, EU:C:2017:982, 378, Sky Österreich v. Österreichischer Rundfunk, C-283/11, 676 EU:C:2013:28, 264 Spain v. Parliament and Council, C-44/14, EU: Slovak Republic and Hungary v. Council, C-643/15 C:2015:554, 531 and C-647/15, EU:C:2017:631, 53, 387–8, 562 Spain v. United Kingdom, C-145/04, EU:C:2006:543, Slovak Republic v. Achmea, C-284/16, EU:C:2018:158, 330, 520 172–4, 178, 217, 251, 418 Specht and Others v. Land Berlin, C-501–6/12 and C- Slovak Republic v. Commission, C-593/15 P, EU: 540–1/12, EU:C:2014:2005, 319 C:2017:800, 368 Spezzino, C-113/13, EU:C:2014:2440, 767, 782, 808 Smith v. Meade, C-122/17, EU:C:2018:631, 309 Spijker v. Commission, 231/82, EU:C:1983:220, 395 Smoke Flavourings see United Kingdom v. Parliament ‘Spika’ UAB, C-540/16, EU:C:2018:565, 262, 280 and Council (Smoke Flavourings) Sporting Odds, C-3/17, EU:C:2018:130, 843 Smurfit Kappa Group v. Commission, T-304/08, EU: Staatsecretaris van Financiëen v. Coöperative T:2012:351, 997 Aardappelenbewaarplaats, 154/80, EU:C:1981:38, Sobczyszyn v. Szkola Podstawowa w Rzeplinie, C-178/ 741 15, EU:C:2016:502, 271–2, 274 Staatssecretaris van Financiën v. Verkooijen, C-35/98, Société pur l’Exportation des Sucres v. Commission, EU:C:2000:294, 827 132/77, EU:C:1978:99, 403 Stamatelaki v. OAEE, C-444/05, EU:C:2007:231, 768 Société Technique Minière v. Maschinenbau Ulm Standesamt Stadt Niebüll, C-96/04, EU:C:2006:254, GmbH, 56/65, EU:C:1966:17, Opinion of Advocate 179, 485 General Roemer, 922 Stanleybet, C-186/11, EU:C:2012:582, Opinion of Société Technique Minière v. Maschinenbau Ulm Advocate General Mazák, 760 GmbH, 56/65, EU:C:1966:38, 940 Stanleybet, C-186/11, EU:C:2013:33, 832 Society for the Protection of the Unborn Child (SPUC) Stanton v. INASTI, 143/87, EU:C:1988:378, 788, v. Grogan, C-159/90, EU:C:1991:378, 764–5, 796 280–1 Star Fruit v. Commission, 247/87, EU:C:1989:58, 356, Sodemare v. Regione Lombardia, C-70/95, [1997] ECR 398 I-3395, 808 Stauder v. City of Ulm, 29/69, EU:C:1969:57, 255, Sofina and Others v. Ministre de l’Action et des 268 Comptes publics, C-575/17, EU:C:2018:943, 660 Steffenson, C-276/01, EU:C:2003:228, 299 Sofrimport v. Commission, 152/88, EU:C:1990:259, Steinhauser v. City of Biarritz, 197/84, EU:C:1985:260, 394–5 790, 806–7 Söhne v. Finanzamt Neustadt, C-258/95, EU: Stella Kunststofftechnik v. OHIM, T-27/09, EU: C:1997:491, 741 T:2009:492, 375 Solgar, C-446/08, EU:C:2010:233, 829 Stewart, C-503/09, EU:C:2011:500, 494 Solvay SA v. Commission, T-30/91, EU:T:1, 887 Steymann v. Staatssecretaris van Justitie, 196/87, Sonia Chacón Navas v. Eurest Colectividades SA, C-13/ EU:C:1988:475, 741, 785, 788 05, EU:C:2006:184, Opinion of Advocate General Stichting Al-aqsa v. Council, C-539/10 P and C-550/10 Geelhoed, 579 P, EU:C:2012:711, 114 Sonia Chacón Navas v. Eurest Colectividades SA, C-13/ Stichting Corporate Europe Observatory v. 05, EU:C:2006:456, 604 Commission, T-93/11, EU:T:2013:308, 382 Sophie in’t Veld v Council of the European Union, Stichting Natuur en Milieu and Others v. College van T-529/09, EU:T:2012:215, 105 Gedeputeerde Staten van Groningen, C-165–7/09, Sopora, C-512/13, EU:C:2015:108, 806 EU:C:2011:348, 213, 309 Sotgiu v. Deutsche Bundespost, 152/73, EU:C:1974:13, Stichting Woonpunt v. Commission, C-132/12 P, 485, 493 EU:C:2014:100, 395 Sozialhilfeverband Rohrbach v. Arbeiterkammer Stichting Zuid-hollandse Milieufederatie v. Minister Oberösterreich, C-297/03, EU:C:2005:315, 306 Van Landbouw, C-138/05, EU:C:2006:577, 188, Spain and Italy v. Council (Unitary Patent), C-274/11 309–10 and C.295/11, EU:C:2013:240, 139–40 Stockholm Lindöpark, C-150/99, EU:C:2001:34, 319

li Table of Cases

Stoilov I Ko Eood v. Nachalnik Na Mitnitsa Stolichna, Epangelmatikis Ekpaidefsis kai Katartisis (OEEK), C-180/12, EU:C:2013:693, 188 C-151/07, EU:C:2008:680, 804 Stoke-on-Trent and Norwich City Council v. B & Q, Thieffry v. Conseil de l’Ordre des Avocats à la Cour de C-169/91, EU:C:1992:519, 724 Paris, 71/76, EU:C:1977:65, 797, 824 Storck v. OHIM, C-96/11 P, EU:C:2012:537, 376 Thiele Meneses, C-220/12, EU:C:2013:683, 494 Stoß, C-316/07, EU:C:2010:504, 760, 832, 840 Titanium Dioxide, C-300/89, EU:C:1991:244, 637 Strack v. Commission, C-127/13 P, EU:C:2014:2250, T-Mobile Netherlands BV, KPN Mobile NV, Orange 104 Nederland NV and Vodafone Libertel NV v. Raad Šumelj v. Commission, T-546/13, EU:T:2016:107, 401 van bestuur van de Nederlandse Sweden and Mytravel Group v. Commission, C-506/08 Mededingingsautoriteit, C-8/08, EU:C:2009:343, P, EU:C:2011:496, 104 929–30, 938 Sweden and Spirlea v. Commission, C-562/14 P, EU: T-Mobile Netherlands BV, KPN Mobile NV, Orange C:2017:356, 108, 355 Nederland NV and Vodafone Libertel NV v. Raad Sweden v. Commission, C-64/05 P, EU:C:2007:802, van bestuur van de Nederlandse 109 Mededingingsautoriteit, C-8/08, EU:C:2009:110, Swedish Match see R v. Secretary of State for Health, Opinion of Advocate General Kokott, 938 ex parte Swedish Match Tobacco Advertising I see Germany v. Parliament and Syfait v. Glaxo Smith Kline, C-53/03, EU:C:2005:333, Council (Tobacco Advertising I) 179 Tobacco Advertising II see Germany v. Parliament and Syndesmos ton en Elladi Touristikon kai Taxidiotikon Council (Tobacco Advertising II) Grafeion v. Ypourgos Ergasias, C-398/95, EU: Tolsma v. Inspecteur der Omzelbelastingen C:1997:282, 739, 741, 825 Leeuwarden, C-16/93, EU:C:1994:80, 742 T & L Sugars Ltd and Sidul Açúcares, Unipessoal Lda v Tomášová, C-168/15, EU:C:2016:602, 322 European Commission, C-456/13 P, EU: Torfaen Borough Council v. B & Q, 145/88, EU: C:2015:284, 391–3 C:1989:593, 724, 825 Tadao Maruko v. Versorgungsanstalt der deutschen Torresi, C-58–9/13, EU:C:2014:2088, 802 Bühnen, C-267/06, EU:C:2008:179, 609–10 Toshiba Corporation and Others v. Úřad pro ochranu Tahir v. Ministero dell’Interno, C-469/13, EU: hospodářské soutě že, C-17/10, EU:C:2012:72, C:2014:2094, 552 905 Talasca, C-19/14, EU:C:2014:2049, 170 Trade Agency v. Seramico Investments, C-619/10, Talotta v. Belgium, C-383/05, EU:C:2007:181, 760, 762 EU:C:2012:531, 266 Târșia v Statul român and Serviciul Public Comunitar Traghetti del Mediterraneo v. Italian Republic, C-173/ Regim Permise de Conducere si Inmatriculare a 03, EU:C:2006:391, 322 Autovehiculelor, C-69/14, EU:C:2015:662, 197 Trijber and Harmsen, C-340–1/14, EU:C:2015:641, 817 Taricco I see Criminal proceedings against Ivo Taricco Trojani v. Centre public d’aide sociale, C-456/02, EU: and Others C:2004:488, 482, 488, 783–6 Taricco II see M.A.S. and M.B. Trummer and Mayer, C-222/97, EU:C:1999:143, 847 Tas-Hagen and Tas v. Raadskamer WUBO van de Tsakouridis, C-145/09, EU:C:2010:708, 518 Pensioen-en Uitkeringsraad, C-192/05, EU: TWD Textilwerke Deggendorf v. Commission, T-244/ C:2006:676, 495 93 and T-486/93, EU:T:1995:160, 400 TDC v. Teleklagenævnet, C-327/15, EU:C:2016:974, TWD Textilwerke Deggendorf v. Germany, C-188/92, 301 EU:C:1994:90, 183 Team Relocations v. Commission, T-204/08, EU: Typke v. Commission, C-491/15 P, EU:C:2017:5, 104 T:2011:286, 932 Tyrolean Airways v. Betriebsrat Bord, C-132/11, EU: Technische Glaswerke Ilmenau v. Commission, T-198/ C:2012:329, 580 01, EU:T:2004:222, 377 U, C-101/13, EU:C:2014:2249, 267 Teixeira, C-480/08, EU:C:2010:83, 504 Uber see Asociación Profesional Elite Taxi v Uber Tele2 Sverige v. Post-och telestyrelsen; Secretary of Systems Spain, SL State for the Home Department v. Watson and Überseering v. NCC, C-208/00, EU:C:2002:632, 815 Others, C-203/15 and C-698/15, EU:C:2016:970, Uecker and Jacquet, C-64–5/96, EU:C:1997:285, 500, 268 788 Telefónica SA and Telefónica de España v. Umweltanwalt Von Kärnten v. Kärntner Commission, C-295/12 P, EU:C:2014:2062, 260 Landesregierung, C-205/08, EU:C:2009:767, 178–9 Test Claimants in the FII Group Litigation v. IRC, C- Unibet Hungary, C-49/16, EU:C:2017:491, 847–8 446/04, EU:C:2006:774, 302 Unibet v. Justitiekanslern, C-432/05, EU:C:2007:163, Tetra Pak v. Commission, T-83/91, EU:T:1994:246, 959 299–300 Theologos-Grigorios Khatzithanasis v. Ypourgos Unilever Italia v. Central Food, C-443/98, EU: Ygeias kai Koinonikis Allilengyis and Organismos C:2000:496, 309

lii Table of Cases

Unión General de Trabajadores de La Rioja (UGT-Rioja) Van Gend En Loos v. Nederlandse Administratie Der and Others v. Juntas Generales del Territorio Belastingen, 26/62, EU:C:1963:1, 2, 15–17, 202, Histórico de Vizcaya and Others, C-428–34/06, 204–5, 207–8, 217, 291–4 EU:C:2008:488, 267, 983 Van Parys v. BIRB, C-377/02, EU:C:2005:121, 379 Union Royale Belge des Sociétés de Football Van Schaik, C-55/93, EU:C:1994:363, 738, 824 Association and Others v. Bosman and Others, Van Tiggele, 82/77, EU:C:1978:10, 701, 756 C-415/93, EU:C:1995:463, 749, 790, 792–3, Vanbraekel v. ANMC, C-368/98, EU:C:2001:400, 768 824–5, 864 Vanderborght, C-339/15, EU:C:2016:660, Opinion of UNIS, C-25/14, EU:C:2015:821, 744 Advocate General Bot, 758 United Brands v. Commission, 27/76, EU:C:1978:22, Vanderborght, C-339/15, EU:C:2017:335, 738 952–5 Vandorou, C-422/09, EU:C:2010:732, 798 United Kingdom v. Council, C-137/05, EU:C:2007:805, Vassallo v. Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedale San Martino 142 di Genova e Cliniche Universitarie Convenzionate, United Kingdom v. Council, C-482/08, EU:C:2010:631, C-180/04, EU:C:2006:518, 306 142, 531 Vatsouras v. Arbeitsgemeinschaft Nürnberg, C-22/08, United Kingdom v. Council, C-77/05, EU:C:2007:803, EU:C:2009:344, 489–90, 492 142, 531 VEBIC, C-439/08, EU:C:2010:739, 908–9 United Kingdom v. Council, C-84/94, EU:C:1996:431, Venturini, C-159/12, EU:C:2013:791, 793 385 Verband Sozialer Wettbewerb v. Clinique Laboratories, United Kingdom v. ECB, T-496/11, EU:T:2015:133, C-315/92, EU:C:1994:34, 723 118, 142, 370–1, 388 Verein Fur Konsumenteninformation v. Commission, United Kingdom v. Parliament and Council, C-270/12, T-2/03, EU:T:2005:125, 104 EU:C:2014:18, 639, 643 Verein gegen Unwesen in Handel und Gewerbe Köln v. United Kingdom v. Parliament and Council (ENISA), Mars GmbH, C-470/93, EU:C:1995:224, 716 C-217/04, EU:C:2006:279, 641–3 Vereniging van Exporteurs in Levende Varkens v. United Kingdom v. Parliament and Council (ESMA), Commission, T-481/93 and T-484/93, EU: C-340/12, EU:C:2014:18, 81 T:1995:209, 402 United Kingdom v. Parliament and Council (Smoke Vereniging van Vlaamse Reisbureaus v. ASBL Sociale Flavourings), C-66/04, EU:C:2005:743, 641–3 Dienst van de Plaatselijke en Gewestelijke United Pan-Europe Communications Belgium SA and Overheidsdiensten, 311/85, EU:C:1987:418, 709 Others v. Belgian State, C-250/06, EU:C:2007:783, Verruga, C-238/15, EU:C:2016:949, 493 843 Vestergard see Skatteministeriet v. Vestergard UsedSoft, C-128/11, EU:C:2012:407, 644 VG Wort v. Kyocera, C-457–60/11, EU:C:2013:426, Usinor v. Commission, 81/85 and 119/85, EU: 309 C:1986:234, 399 Viacom Outdoor, C-134/03, [2005] ECR I-1106, 746–7 UTECA v. Administración General del Estado, C-222/ Viho Europe v. Commission, C-73/95 P, EU: 07, EU:C:2009:124, 843 C:1996:405, 920 Valcheva v. Babanarakis, C-335/17, EU:C:2018:359, Viking see International Transport Workers’ Federation 181 and Finnish Seamen’s Union v. Viking Line ABP VALE Építési kft, C-378/10, EU:C:2012:440, 813 and OÜ Viking Line Eesti Valeri Hariev Belov v. CHEZ Elektro Balgaria AD and Vincenzo Manfredi and Others v. Lloyd Adriatico Others, C-394/11, EU:C:2012:585, Opinion of Assicurazioni SpA and Others, C-295–298/04, EU: Advocate General Kokott, 579 C:2006:461, 301, 911 Valimar v. Nachalnik Na Mitnitsa Varna, C-374/12, Vischim v. Commission, T-420/05, EU:T:2009:391, EU:C:2014:2231, 183 378, 395, 398 Van Ameyde v. UCI, 90/76, EU:C:1977:76, 749 Visser Vastgoed, C-360/15 and C-31/16, EU: Van Binsbergen v. Bestuur van de Bedrijsvereniging C:2017:397, Opinion of Advocate General voor de Metaalnijverheid, 33/74, EU:C:1974:131, Szpunar, 773, 776–7 739, 744, 756, 760, 824 Visser Vastgoed, C-360/15 and C-31/16, EU: Van de Haar, 177/82 and 178/82, EU:C:1984:144, 706 C:2018:44, 731, 738, 818 Van den Bergh en Jurgens v. Commission, 265/85, EU: Vivium, C-250/15, EU:C:2015:569, 170 C:1987:121, 382 Vlaamse Dierenartsenvereniging and Janssens, C-42/ Van der Laan, C-383/97, EU:C:1999:64, 699 10, C-45/10 and C-57/10, EU:C:2010:107, 169 Van der Weerd v. Minister van Landbouw; Natuur en Vlassopoulou v Ministerium für Justiz, Bundes- und Voedselkwaliteit, C-222–5/05, EU:C:2007:318, Europaangelegenheiten Baden-Württemberg, 299 C-340/89, EU:C:1991:193, 797, 799 Van Duyn v. Home Ofﬁce, 41/74, EU:C:1974:133, VM Remonts v. Konkurences padome, C-542/14, EU: 304–5, 516, 827, 832, 857 C:2016:578, 920

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Vodafone, C-58/08, EU:C:2010:321, 639 X and Van Dijk, C-72/14 and C-197/14, EU: Volker und Markus Schecke and Eifert, C-92–3/09, EU: C:2015:319, 191–4, 195 C:2010:662, 267 X and Van Dijk, C‑72/14 and C‑197/14, EU: Volksbank Romania, C-602/10, EU:C:2012:443, 706, C:2015:319, Opinion of Advocate General Wahl, 741, 746–7 192 Von Colson and Kamann v. Land Nordrhein- X and Y, C-180/17, EU:C:2018:775, 549 Westfalen, 14/83, EU:C:1984:153, 301, 311 X and Y, C-638/16 PPU, EU:C:2017:173, 542 Von Wolffersdorff v. Standesamt der Stadt Karlsruhe, X and Y v. Riksskatteverket, C-436/00, EU:C:2002:704, C-438/14, EU:C:2016:401, 220 827 Walloon Waste see Commission v. Belgium X-Steuerberatungsgesellschaft v. Finanzamt Walrave and Koch v. Association Union Cycliste Hannover-Nord, C-342/14, EU:C:2015:827, 755, Internationale, 36/74, EU:C:1974:140, 748, 774, 798 752–3 Xunta de Galicia, C-71/04, EU:C:2005:493, 302 Walt Wilhelm v. Bundeskartellamt, 14/68, EU: Yellow Cab, C-338/09, EU:C:2010:814, 793 C:1969:4, 900 Ymeraga and Others v. Ministre du Travail, C-87/12, Watson and Belmann, 118/75, EU:C:1976:106, 483 EU:C:2013:291, 279 Watts v. Bedford Primary Care Trust, C-372/04, EU: Ypourgos Esoterikon e Ypourgos Ethnikis paideias kai C:2006:325, 767–70, 847 Thriskevmaton v. Maria-Eleni Kalliri, C-409/16, Webb, 279/80, EU:C:1981:314, 755 EU:C:2017:767, 586 Werner Mangold v. Rüdiger Helm, C-144/04, EU: Z v. A Government Department, C-363/12, EU: C:2005:709, 176, 232, 309, 323, 579, 580–1, 607, C:2014:159, 604 609 Zablocka, C-221/07, EU:C:2008:681, 495 Wieland, C-465/14, EU:C:2016:820, 477 Zanotti, C-56/09, EU:C:2010:288, 743 Wielockx v. Inspecteur der Directe Belastingen, C-80/ Zenatti, C-67/98, EU:C:1999:514, 856 94, EU:C:1995:156, Opinion of Advocate General Zeturf Ltd v Premier ministre, C-212/08, EU: Leger, 828 C:2011:437, 829, 832–3 Willame v. Commission, 110/63, EU:C:1966:40, 403 Z. Zh. v Staatssecretaris van Veiligheid en Justitie and Williams v. Commission, T-42/05, EU:T:2008:325, 104 Staatssecretaris van Veiligheid en Justitie v I. O, Wirth v. Landeshauptstadt Hannover, C-109/92, EU: C-554/13, EU:C:2015:377, 549 C:1993:916, 742, 744 Zhu and Chen, C-200/02, EU:C:2004:639, 481, 504–5, Wolf v. v. Stadt Frankfurt am Main, C-229/08, EU: 522 C:2010:3, 591 Ziegler v. Commission, C-439/11 P, EU:C:2013:513, Wolff and Müller v. Felix, C-60/03, EU:C:2004:610, 378 826 Ziolkowski and Szeja v. Land Berlin, C-424–5/10, EU: Wolfgang Glatzel v. Freistaat Bayern, C-356/12, EU: C:2011:866, 477–8 C:2014:350, 580 Zoofachhandel Züpke and Others v. Commission, T- Wolfgang Heiser v. Finanzamt Innsbruck, C-172/03, 817/14, EU:T:2016:157, 261, 402 EU:C:2005:130, 982, 987 ZPT v. Narodno Sabranie Na Republika Bulgaria, C- Wolzenburg v. London Borough of Ealing and 518/16, EU:C:2018:126, 190 Secretary of State for Education and Skills, C-123/ Züchner v. Bayerische Vereinsbank, 172/80, EU: 08, EU:C:2009:616, 485 C:1981:178, 933 Woningstichting Sint Servatius, C-567/07, EU: Zuckerfabrik Süderdithmarschen and Zuckerfabrik C:2009:593, 847 Soest, 143/88 and C-92/89, EU:C:1991:65, 303 Wood, C-164/07, EU:C:2008:321, 485 Zwartveld, 2/88 IMM, EU:C:1990:315, 213 Wood Pulp see A. Ahlström Osakeyhtiö and Others v. ZZ v. Secretary of State for the Home Department, C- Commission 300/11, EU:C:2013:363, 298, 375–6 World Radiocommunication Conference See Commission v. Council (World Court of Justice of the European Union: Radiocommunication Conference) Wouters and Others v. Algemene Raad van de numerical order Nederlandse Orde van Advocaten, C-309/99, EU: C:2002:98, 824, 920, 924–6, 928 7/61, Commission v. Italy, EU:C:1961:25, Opinion of WWF European Policy Programme v. Council, T-264/ Advocate General Lagrange, 351 04, EU:T:2007:114, 106 25/62, Plaumann & Co. v. Commission, EU:C:1963:17, – WWF v. Autonome Provinz Bozen, C-435/97, EU: 393, 395 6 C:1999:418, 168 26/62, Van Gend En Loos v. Nederlandse Administratie – X, C-283/15, EU:C:2017:102, 806 Der Belastingen, EU:C:1963:1, 2, 15 17, 202, – – – X, Y and Z, C-199–201/12, EU:C:2013:720, 547–8 204 5, 207 8, 217, 291 4

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28–30/62, Da Costa v. Nederlandse 167/73, Commission v. France (French Merchant Belastingadministratie, EU:C:1963:6, 191, 196 Navy), EU:C:1974:35, 791 110/63, Willame v. Commission, EU:C:1966:40, 403 173/73, Italy v. Commission, EU:C:1974:71, 976, 984 6/64, Costa v. ENEL, EU:C:1964:66, 202, 207–9, 216, 2/74, Reyners v. Belgium, EU:C:1974:68, 294, 738, 788, 204–5 791 54 and 58/64, Consten and Grundig v. Commission, 8/74, Procureur du Roi v. Benoît and Gustave EU:C:1966:41, 922 Dassonville, EU:C:1974:82, 695–700, 704, 706–7, 48/65, Lütticke v. Commission, EU:C:1966:8, 352 713, 726–7, 729, 845 56/65, Société Technique Minière v. Maschinenbau 33/74, Van Binsbergen v. Bestuur van de Ulm GmbH, EU:C:1966:17, Opinion of Advocate Bedrijsvereniging voor de Metaalnijverheid, EU: General Roemer, 922 C:1974:131, 739, 744, 756, 760, 824 56/65, Société Technique Minière v. Maschinenbau 36/74, Walrave and Koch v. Association Union Cycliste Ulm GmbH, EU:C:1966:38, 940 Internationale, EU:C:1974:140, 748, 752–3 57/65, Lütticke v. HZA Sarrelouis, EU:C:1966:34, 293 41/74, Van Duyn v. Home Office, EU:C:1974:133, 5, 7, 13–24/66, Kampffmeyer v. Commission, EU: 304–5, 516, 827, 832, 857 C:1967:8, 404 56–60/74, Kampffmeyer v. Commission and Council, 27/67, Firma Fink-Frucht GmbH v. Hauptzollamt EU:C:1976:78, 403 München-Landsbergerstrasse, EU:C:1968:22, 293 74/74, CNTA v. Commission, EU:C:1976:84, 382, 403 13/68, Salgoil v. Italian Foreign Trade Ministry, EU: 4/75, Rewe-Zentralfinanz GmbH v. C:1968:54, 293 Landwirtschaftskammer Bonn, EU:C:1975:98, 839 14/68, Walt Wilhelm v. Bundeskartellamt, EU: 32/75, Anita Cristini v. Société nationale des chemins C:1969:4, 900 de fer français, EU:C:1975:120, 806 29/69, Stauder v. City of Ulm, EU:C:1969:57, 255, 268 39/75, Coenen v. Sociaal-Economische Raad, EU: 41/69, ACF Chemiefarmia NV v. Commission, EU: C:1975:155, 744, 760 C:1970:71, 887, 928 43/75, Defrenne v. Sabena (No. 2), EU:C:1976:56, 48/69, ICI v. Commission (Dyestuffs), EU:C:1972:70, 293–6, 306, 577 921, 928, 933 104/75, Officier van Justitie v. De Peijper, EU: 77/69, Commission v. Belgium, EU:C:1970:34, 341–2 C:1976:67, 840 C-9/70, Grad v. Finanzamt Traustein, EU:C:1970:78, 118/75, Watson and Belmann, EU:C:1976:106, 483 304 26/76, Metro SBGroßmärkte GmbH & Co. KG v. 11/70, Internationale Handelsgesellschaft mbH v. Commission, EU:C:1977:167, 924, 940 Einfuhr-und Vorratstelle für Getreide und 27/76, United Brands v. Commission, EU:C:1978:22, Futtermittel, EU:C:1970:114, 184, 206, 255, 386 952–5 15/70, Chevalley v. Commission, EU:C:1970:95, 398 33/76, Rewe-Zentralfinanz eG and Rewe-Zentral AG v 22/70, Commission v. Council (ERTA), EU:C:1971:32, Landwirtschaftskammer für das Saarland, EU: 367 C:1976:188, 300 41/70-44/70, International Fruit Company v. 52/76, Benedetti v. Munari, EU:C:1977:16, 196 Commission, [1971] ECR 411, 116 64/76, 113/76, 167/78, 239/78, 27–8/79 and 45/79, 120/70, Lorenz v. Germany, EU:C:1973:152, 991 Dumortier and Others v. Council, EU:C:1979:223, 93/71, Leonesio v. Italian Ministry of Agriculture, EU: 403 C:1972:39, 303 71/76, Thieffry v. Conseil de l’Ordre des Avocats à la 96/71, Haegeman v. Commission, EU:C:1972:88, Cour de Paris, EU:C:1977:65, 797, 824 404 85/76, Hoffmann-La Roche & Co. AG v. Commission, 21–4/72, International Fruit v. Produktschap voor EU:C:1979:36, 953, 958 Groenten en Fruit, EU:C:1972:115, 208 90/76, Van Ameyde v. UCI, EU:C:1977:76, 749 70/72, Commission v. Germany, EU:C:1973:87, 989 117/76 and 16/77, Ruckdeschel v. Council, EU: 2/73, Riseria Luigi Geddo v. Ente Nazionale Risi, EU: C:1977:160, 380 C:1973:89, 697 38/77, Enka v. Inspecteur Der Invoerrechten, [1977] 4/73, Nold v. Commission, EU:C:1974:51, 255 ECR 2203, 116 40–8, 50, 54–6, 111, 113 and 114/73, Cooperatiëve 82/77, Van Tiggele, EU:C:1978:10, 701, 756 Verenigning ‘Suiker Unie’ UA v. Commission, EU: 106/77, Amministrazione delle Finanze dello Stato v. C:1975:174, 928 Simmenthal, EU:C:1978:49, 209 127/73, BRT v. SABAM, EU:C:1974:25, 910 132/77, Société pur l’Exportation des Sucres v. 152/73, Sotgiu v. Deutsche Bundespost, EU:C:1974:13, Commission, EU:C:1978:99, 403 485, 493 1977/149 Defrenne v. Sabena, 149/77, EU:C:1978:130, 155/73, Giuseppe Sacchi, EU:C:1974:40, 738 255, 269 166/73, Rheinmühlen-düsseldorf v. Einfuhr- und 1977/512 HR, 512/77, EU:C:2018:513, 269 Vorratstelle Für Getreide, EU:C:1974:3, 180 15/78, SG Alsacienne v. Koestler, EU:C:1978:184, 739

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22/78, Hugin Kassaregister AB v. Commission, EU: 246/80, Broekmeulen v. Huisarts Registratie C:1979:138, 954 Commissie, EU:C:1981:218, 178 115/78, J. Knoors v. Staatssecretaris van Economische 272/80, Frans-Nederlandse Maatschappij voor Zaken, EU:C:1979:31, 802–3 Biologische Producten, EU:C:1981:312, 839, 853 120/78, Rewe-Zentral AG v. 279/80, Webb, EU:C:1981:314, 755 Bundesmonopolverwaltung für Branntwein 8/81, Becker v. Finanzamt Münster-Innenstadt, EU: (Cassis de Dijon), EU:C:1979:42, 633, 646, 695–9, C:1982:7, 305 702–3, 714–19, 721, 724, 793, 823–4 12/81, Garland v. British Rail Engineering, EU: 128/78, Commission v. United Kingdom, EU: C:1982:44, 583 C:1979:32, 114 52/81, Faust v. Commission, EU:C:1982:369, 382 141/78, France v. United Kingdom, EU:C:1979:225, 53/81, Levin v. Staatssecretaris van Justitie, EU: 330 C:1982:105, 479, 491, 513, 785–8, 802 148/78, Ratti, EU:C:1979:110, 305 60/81, IBM v. Commission, EU:C:1981:264, 368 170/78, Commission v. United Kingdom, EU: 62–3/81, Seco v. Etablissement d’assurance contre la C:1983:202, 720 vieillesse et l’invalidité, EU:C:1982:34, 755 1978/175 Saunders, 175/78, EU:C: 1979:88, 788 115–16/81, Rezguia Adoui v. Belgian State and City of 238/78, Ireks-Arkady v. Council and Commission, EU: Liège; Dominique Cornuaille v. Belgian State, EU: C:1979:203, 403–4 C:1982:183, 516, 832, 857 15/79, Groenveld BV v. Produktschap voor Vee en 124/81, Commission v. United Kingdom, EU: Vlees, [1979] ECR 3409, 731 C:1983:30, 842 34/79, R v. Henn and Darby, EU:C:1979:295, 516, 832, 210/81, Demo-Studio Schmidt v. Commission, EU: 838, 856–7 C:1983:277, 378 52/79, Procureur du Roi v. Debauve, EU:C:1980:83, 211/81, Commission v. Denmark, EU:C:1982:437, 739 348–9 61/79, Amministrazione delle Finanze dello Stato v. 249/81, Commission v. Ireland (Buy Irish), EU: Denkavit, EU:C:1974:71, 976 C:1982:402, 341, 700, 705, 709–10 104/79, Foglia v. Novello, EU:C:1980:73, 261/81, Ran v. De Schmedt, EU:C:1982:382, 721 168, 186–8 262/81, Coditel v. Ciné-Vog Films, EU:C:1982:334, 824 129/79, Macarthys Ltd v. Smith, EU:C:1980:103, 267–9/81, Amministrazione delle Finanze dello Stato 582–3 v. Spi, EU:C:1983:78, 184 138/79, Roquette Frères v. Council, EU:C:1980:249, 283/81, Cilﬁt and Others v. Ministry of Health, EU: 129–30, 130 C:1982:335, 188, 191–4, 195 149/79, Commission v. Belgium (No. 1), EU: 322/81, Nederlandsche Banden-Industrie Michelin NV C:1980:297, 859 v. Commission, EU:C:1983:313, 953–5 149/79, Commission v. Belgium (No. 2), EU: 7/82, GVL v. Commission, EU:C:1983:52, 888 C:1982:195, 859–60 11/82, Piriaiki-Pitraiki v. Commission, EU:C:1985:18, 155/79, AM &S Europe Ltd v. Commission, EU: 391 C:1982:157, 376, 883 35–6/82, Morson and Jhanjan v. Netherlands, EU: 730/79, Philip Morris Holland BV v. Commission, EU: C:1982:368, 500 C:1980:209, 994–5 40/82, Commission v. United Kingdom (Newcastle 788/79, Gilli and Andres, EU:C:1980:171, 720–2 Disease), EU:C:1984:33, 838–9 27/80, Fietje, EU:C:1980:293, 721 107/82, AEG v. Commission, EU:C:1983:293, 922 66/80, International Chemical Corporation v. 165/82, Commission v. United Kingdom, EU: Amministrazione delle Finanze, EU:C:1981:102, C:1983:311, 591 185, 197, 404 174/82, Sandoz, EU:C:1983:213, 829, 854 100–3/80, Musique diffusion française and Others v. 177/82 and 178/82, Van de Haar, EU:C:1984:144, Commission, EU:C:1983:158, 889 706 113/80, Commission v. Ireland (Irish Souvenirs), EU: 199/82, Amministrazione delle Finanze dello Stato v. C:1981:139, 723, 828 San Giorgio, EU:C:1983:318, 302 154/80, Staatsecretaris van Financiëen v. Coöperative 222/82, Apple and Pear Development Council, EU: Aardappelenbewaarplaats, EU:C:1981:38, 741 C:1983:370, 709–10 155/80, Oebel, EU:C:1981:177, 824 231/82, Spijker v. Commission, EU:C:1983:220, 395 172/80, Züchner v. Bayerische Vereinsbank, EU: 286/82 and 26/83, Luisi and Carbone v. Ministero del C:1981:178, 933 Tesoro, EU:C:1984:35, 739, 764 96/80, Jenkins v. Kingsgate (Clothing Productions) Ltd, 294/82, Einberger v. Hauptzollamt Freiburg, [1984] EU:C:1981:80, 588 ECR 1177, 762–3 244/80, Foglia v. Novello (No. 2), EU:C:1981:302, 324/82, Commission v. Belgium, EU:C:1984:152, 741 186–7, 196 267/83, Diatta v. Land Berlin, EU:C:1985:67, 504

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13/83, Parliament v. Council, EU:C:1985:220, 397 221/85, Commission v. Belgium, EU:C:1986:456, 808 14/83, von Colson and Kamann v. Land Nordrhein- 223/85, RSV v. Commission, EU:C:1987:502, 378 Westfalen, EU:C:1984:153, 301, 311 225/85, Commission v. Italy, EU:C:1987:284, 863 37/83, Rewe-Zentrale v. Landwirtschaftskammer 265/85, Van den Bergh en Jurgens v. Commission, EU: Rheinland, EU:C:1984:89, 855 C:1987:121, 382 63/83, R v. Kirk, EU:C:1984:255, 261, 381 278/85, Commission v. Denmark, EU:C:1987:439, 349 72/83, Campus Oil v. Minister for Industry and Energy, 293/85, Commission v. Belgium, EU:C:1988:40, 350–1 EU:C:1984:256, 719, 825–6, 843 311/85, Vereniging van Vlaamse Reisbureaus v. ASBL 107/83, Ordre des Avocats au Barreau de Paris v. Sociale Dienst van de Plaatselijke en Gewestelijke Klopp, EU:C:1984:270, 760, 793, 795–6, 824 Overheidsdiensten, EU:C:1987:418, 709 123/83, BNIC v. Clair, EU:C:1985:33, 922 314/85, Foto-Frost v. Hauptzollamt Lübeck-Ost, EU: 145/83, Adams v. Commission, EU:C:1985:323, 404 C:1987:452, 185, 188, 303, 396 207/83, Commission v. United Kingdom (Marks of 325/85, Ireland v. Commission, EU:C:1987:546, 381 Origin), EU:C:1985:161, 700, 705, 723 352/85, Bond van Adverteerders v. Netherlands, EU: 220/83, Commission v. France, EU:C:1986:461, 824 C:1988:196, 739, 825 231/83, Cullet, EU:C:1985:29, 756 355/85, Driancourt v. Cognet, EU:C:1986:410, 707 270/83, Commission v. France, EU:C:1986:37, 811 407/85, Drei Glocken, EU:C:1988:401, 721 293/83, Gravier v. City of Liège, EU:C:1985:69, 350 1/86, Commission v. Belgium, EU:C:1987:297, 342 294/83, Parti Ecologiste ‘Les Verts’ v. European 24/86, Blaizot v. Belgium, EU:C:1988:43, 255 Parliament, [1986] ECR 1339, 185 60/86, Commission v. United Kingdom, EU: 299/83, Leclerc v. Au Blé Vert, EU:C:1985:1, 708 C:1988:382, 211 21/84, Commission v. France, EU:C:1985:184, 704 62/86, AKZO Chemie BV v. Commission of the 42/84, Remia, [1985] ECR 2545, 924 European Communities, EU:C:1991:286, [1991] 152/84, Marshall v. Southampton and South West ECR I-3359, 953, 958 Hampshire Area Health Authority, EU:C:1986:84, 98/86, Mathot, EU:C:2000:663, 707 305–7, 310–12 198/86, Conradi and Others, EU:C:1987:489, 808 170/84, Bilka-Kaufhaus GmbH v. Karin Weber von 240/86, Commission v. Greece, EU:C:1988:4, Opinion Hartz, EU:C:1986:204, 583, 587–8 of Advocate General Lenz, 351 178/84, Commission v. Germany (German Beer), EU: 246/86, Belasco and Others v. Commission, EU: C:2001:214, 316, 720–1 C:1989:301, 922 197/84, Steinhauser v. City of Biarritz, EU:C:1985:260, 263/86, Humbel v. Belgium, EU:C:1988:451, 742–3 790, 806–7 292/86, Gullung v. Conseil de l’Ordre des Avocats, EU: 205/84, Commission v. Germany (German Insurance), C:1988:15, 797 EU:C:1986:463, 755, 760, 788, 824 302/86, Commission v. Denmark, EU:C:1988:421, 723, 222/84, Johnston v. Chief Constable of the Royal Ulster 824 Constabulary, EU:C:1986:206, 298 22/87, Commission v. Italy, EU:C:1989:45, 314 248/84, Germany v. Commission, EU:C:1987:437, 983 45/87, Commission v. Ireland, EU:C:1997:435, 700 307/84, Commission v. France, EU:C:1986:150, 46/87 and 227/88, Hoechst AG v. Commission, EU: Opinion of Advocate General Mancini, 859–60 C:1989:337, 374, 884 59/85, Netherlands v. Ann Florence Reed, EU: 62/87 and 72/87, Exécutif regional wallon v. C:1986:157, 500 Commission, EU:C:1988:132, 995 66/85, Laurie-Blum, EU:C:1986:284, 783 81/87, R v. HM Treasury, ex parte Daily Mail, EU: 81/85 and 119/85, Usinor v. Commission, EU: C:1988:456, 811–13 C:1986:234, 399 94/87, Commission v. Germany, EU:C:1989:46, 991 89/85, 104/85, 114/85, 116–17/85 and 125–9/85, A. 97–9/87, Dow Chemical Ibérica and Others v. Ahlström Osakeyhtiö and Others v. Commission Commission, EU:C:1989:380, 885 (Wood Pulp), EU:C:1993:120, 933 142/87, Belgium v. Commission (Tubemuse), 96/85 Commission v. France, [1986] ECR 1475, 796 EU:C:1990:125, 990 118/85, Commission v. Italy, EU:C:1987:283, 743 143/87, Stanton v. INASTI, EU:C:1988:378, 788, 796 121/85, Conegate v. Customs and Excise 154–5/87, Rijksinstituut voor de sociale verzekering Commissioners, EU:C:1986:114, 516, 831, 857 des zelfstandigen v. Wolf, EU:C:1988:379, 796 133–6/85, Rau v. Bundesanstalt Für 186/87, Cowan v. Trésor Public, EU:C:1989:47, 485, Landswirtschaftliche Marktordnung, EU: 739 C:1987:244, 182 196/87, Steymann v. Staatssecretaris van Justitie, EU: 139/85, Kempf v. Staatssecretaris van Justitie, EU: C:1988:475, 741, 785, 788 C:1986:223, 479, 786–7 247/87, Star Fruit v. Commission, EU:C:1989:58, 356, 199/85, Commission v. Italy, EU:C:1987:115, 341 398

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344/87, Bettray v. Staatssecretaris van Justitie, EU: C-221/89, R v. Secretary of State for Transport, ex C:1989:226, 786, 788 parte Factortame Ltd EU:C:1991:320, 316 374/87, ORKEM v. Commission, EU:C:1989:387, 255, C-234/89, Delimitis v. Henninger Bräu AG, EU: 376, 881 C:1991:91, 940 379/87, Groener v. Minister for Education and the City C-260/89, ERT v. DEP, EU:C:1991:254, 278, 838 of Dublin Vocational Educational Committee, EU: C-288/89, Gouda v. Commissariat voor de Media, EU: C:1989:599, 791–2, 843 C:1991:157, 717, 744, 754–5, 824 397/87 and C-410/98, Metallgesellschaft v. IRC, EU: C-292/89, Antonissen, EU:C:1991:80, 492 C:2001:370, 302 C-300/89, Titanium Dioxide, EU:C:1991:244, 2/88 Zwartveld, IMM, EU:C:1990:315, 213 637 3/88, Commission v. Italy, EU:C:1992:49, 755 C-340/89, Vlassopoulou v Ministerium für Justiz, 49/88, 1988/049 Al-Jubail Fertilizer v. Council, EU: Bundes- und Europaangelegenheiten Baden- C:1991:276, 377 Württemberg, EU:C:1991:193, 797, 799 64/88, Commission v. France, EU:C:1991:240, 361 T-30/89, Hilti v. Commission, EU: T:1991:70, 954 68/88, Commission v. Greece, EU:C:1989:339, 345 C-1/90 and C-176/90, Aragonesa, EU:C:1991:327, 733 143/88 and C-92/89, Zuckerfabrik Süderdithmarschen C-2/90, Commission v. Belgium (Walloon Waste), EU: and Zuckerfabrik Soest, EU:C:1991:65, 303 C:1992:310, 828, 851–2 145/88, Torfaen Borough Council v. B & Q, EU: C-6/90 and C-9/90, Francovich and Bonifaci v. Italy, C:1989:593, 724, 825 EU:C:1991:428, 192, 314–16, 318, 321 152/88, Sofrimport v. Commission, EU:C:1990:259, C-16/90, Nölle v. Hauptzollamt Bremen-Freihafen, EU: 394–5 C:1991:402, 378 171/88, Rinner-Kühn v. FWW Spezial- C-41/90, Höfner and Elser v. Macrotron GmbH, EU: Gebäudereinigung GmbH & Co. KG, EU: C:1991:161, 919, 952 C:1989:328, 583, 588 C-56/90, Commission v. United Kingdom, EU: 175/88, Biehl v. Administration des contributions du C:1993:307, 350 grand-duché de Luxembourg, EU:C:1990:186, 806 C-65/90, Parliament v. Council (Cabotage II), [1992] 177/88, Dekker v. Stichting Vormingscentrum voor ECR I-4593, 130 Jong Volwassenen (VJV-Centrum), EU: C-76/90, Säger v. Dennemeyer, EU:C:1991:331, 744, C:1990:383, 596 756 200/88, Commission v. Greece, EU:C:1990:422, 351 C-159/90, Society for the Protection of the Unborn 262/88, Barber v. Guardian Royal Exchange Assurance Child (SPUC) v. Grogan, EU:C:1991:378, 764–5, Group, EU:C:1990:209, 583 280–1 297/88 and C-197/89, Dzodzi v. Belgium, EU: C-204/90, Bachmann v. Belgian State, EU:C:1992:35, C:1990:360, 184 825–6 303/88, Italy v. Commission, EU:C:1991:136, 980 C-213/90, Association de Soutien aux Travailleurs 322/88, Grimaldi v. Fonds des Maladies Immigrés (ASTI) v. Chambre des employés privés, Professionelles, EU:C:1989:646, 313 EU:C:1991:291, 805 323/88, Sermes v. Directeur de Service des Douanes de C-295/90, Parliament v. Council (Revision of Strasbourg, EU:C:1990:299, 374 Judgment), [1992] ECR I-4193, 120 331/88, R v. Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and C-300/90, Commission v. Belgium, EU:C:1992:37, 825 Food, ex parte Fedesa, EU:C:1990:39, 381, 386 C-351/90, Commission v. Luxembourg, [1992] ECR C-5/89, Commission v. Germany, EU:C:1990:320, 991 I-3945, 796 C-57/89, Commission v. Germany, EU:C:1991:89, C-369/90, Micheletti v. Delegación del Gobierno 212 Cantabria, EU:C:1992:295, 474 C-104/89 and C-37/90, Mulder v. Council and C-370/90, Singh, EU:C:1992:296, 511 Commission, EU:C:1992:217, 404 T-24/90, Automec Srl v. Commission (Automec II), EU: C-106/89, Marleasing SA v. La Comercial T:1992:97, 397, 880 Internacionale de Alimentacion, EU:C:1990:395, C-25/91, Pesqueras Echebastar v. Commission, EU: 311, 326 C:1993, 398 C-113/89, Rush Portuguesa v. Ofﬁce national C-72–3/91, Firma Sloman Neptun Schiffahrts AG v. d’immigration, EU:C:1990:142, 824 Seebetriebsrat Bodo Ziesemer der Sloman Neptun C-180/89, Commission v. Italy, EU:C:1991:78, 739, 824 Schiffahrts AG, EU:C:1992:130, 976–7 C-184/89, Nimz v. Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg, EU: C-72–3/91, Firma Sloman Neptun Schiffahrts AG v. C:1991:50, 588 Seebetriebsrat Bodo Ziesemer der Sloman Neptun C-188/89, Foster v. British Gas, EU:C:1990:313, 306 Schiffahrts AG, EU:C:1993:97, 978–9 C-213/89, R v. Secretary of State for Transport, ex C-88/91, Federconsorzi v. Aima, EU:C:1992:276, parte Factortame Ltd, EU:C:1990:257, 302 184

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C-159–60/91, Poucet v. Assurances Générales de T-77/92, Parker v. Commission, EU:T:1994:85, 920 France and Caisse Mutuelle Régionale du C-16/93, Tolsma v. Inspecteur der Omzelbelastingen Languedoc-Roussillon, EU:C:1993:63, 763 Leeuwarden, EU:C:1994:80, 742 C-169/91, Stoke-on-Trent and Norwich City Council v. C-18/93, Corsica Ferries France, EU:C:1994:195, 740, B & Q, EU:C:1992:519, 724 747, 758 C-189/91, Kirsammer-Hack v. Nurhan Sidal, EU: C-39/93 P, SFEI v. Commission, EU:C:1994:253, 368 C:1993:907, 977 C-45/93, Commission v. Spain, EU:C:1994:101, 485 C-193/91, Finanzamt München III v. Mohsche, EU: C-46/93 and C-48/93, Brasserie du Pêcheur v. Germany C:1993:203, 991 and R v. Secretary of State for Transport, ex parte C-267–8/91, Keck and Mithouard, EU:C:1993:905, Factortame (No. 3), EU:C:1996:79, 301, 316–20, 695–8, 724–7, 729 400 C-271/91, Marshall v. Southampton and South West C-55/93, Van Schaik, EU:C:1994:363, 738, 824 Hampshire Area Health Authority (No. 2), EU: C-65/93, Parliament v. Council (General Tariff C:1993:335, 301, 594, 623 Preferences), EU:C:1995:91, 130–1 C-325/91, France v. Commission, [1993] ECR I-3283, C-69/93 and C-258/93, Punto Casa v. Sindaco del 118 Comune di Capena, EU:C:1994:226, 729 T-30/91, Solvay SA v. Commission, EU:T:1, 887 C-135/93, Spain v. Commission, EU:C:1995:201, 399 T-83/91, Tetra Pak v. Commission, EU:T:1994:246, 959 C-279/93, Finanzamt Köln-Altstadt v. Schumacker, C-11/92, R v. Secretary of State for Health, ex parte EU:C:1995:31, 806 Gallaher Ltd, EU:C:1993:262, 648–9 C-342/93, Gillespie v. Northern Health and Social C-17/92, FDC v. Estado Español and UPCT, EU: Services Board, EU:C:1996:46, 583 C:1993:172, 744 C-346/93, Kleinwort Benson v. City of Glasgow District C-19/92, Kraus v. Land Baden-Württemberg, EU: Council, EU:C:1995:85, 184 C:1993:125, 799 C-381/93, Commission v. France, EU:C:1994:370, 740 C-24/92, Corbiau, EU:C:1993:118, 179 C-384/93, Alpine Investments v. Minister van C-36/92, SEP v. Commission, EU:C:1994:205, 880 Financiën, EU:C:1995:15, 735, 740–1, 744, 747, C-49/92, Commission v. Anic Partecipazioni SpA, EU: 758, 790 C:1999:356, 929, 932–3 C-392/93, R v. HM Treasury, ex parte British C-109/92, Wirth v. Landeshauptstadt Hannover, EU: Telecommunications, EU:C:1996:131, 319 C:1993:916, 742, 744 C-412/93, Leclerc Siplec v. TF1 Publicité, EU: C-137/92 P, Commission v. BASF, EU:C:1994:247, 405 C:1995:26, 188 C-188/92, TWD Textilwerke Deggendorf v. Germany, C-415/93, Union Royale Belge des Sociétés de Football EU:C:1994:90, 183 Association and Others v. Bosman and Others, EU: 1992/250 Gøttrup-Klim Grovvareforeninger v. Dansk C:1995:463, 749, 790, 792–3, 824–5, 864 Landbrugs Grovvareselskab AmbA, C-250/92, EU: C-417/93, Parliament v. Council (TACIS), EU: C:1994:413, 920, 928 C:1995:127, 130 C-275/92, HM Customs and Excise v. Schindler, EU: C-450/93, Kalanke v. Freie Hansestadt Bremen, EU: C:1994:119, 738, 763, 765, 824–5, 832 C:1995:322, 616 C-278/92, Spain v. Commission, EU:C:1994:325, C-470/93, Verein gegen Unwesen in Handel und 980 Gewerbe Köln v. Mars GmbH, EU:C:1995:224, C-292/92, Ruth Hünermund and Others v. 716 Landesapothekerkammer Baden-Württemberg, C-473/93, Commission v. Luxembourg, EU: EU:C:1993:932, Opinion of Advocate General C:1996:263, 350 Tesauro, 697 T-17/93, Matra Hachette v. Commission, EU: C-315/92, Verband Sozialer Wettbewerb v. Clinique T:1994:89, 945 Laboratories, EU:C:1994:34, 723 T-244/93 and T-486/93, TWD Textilwerke Deggendorf C-379/92, Peralta, EU:C:1994:296, 706, 747, 758 v. Commission, EU:T:1995:160, 400 C-383/92, Commission v. United Kingdom, EU: T-481/93 and T-484/93, Vereniging van Exporteurs in C:1994:234, 345 Levende Varkens v. Commission, EU:T:1995:209, C-391/92, Commission v. Greece (Greek Milk), EU: 402 C:1995:199, 729 T-585/93, Greenpeace and Others v. Commission, EU: C-419/92, Ingetraut Scholz v. Opera Universitaria di T:1995:147, 396–7 Cagliari and Cinzia Porcedda, EU:C:1994:62, C-13/94, P v. S and Cornwall County Council, EU: 805 C:1995:444, Opinion of Advocate General T-37/92, BEUC & NCC v. Commission, EU:T:1994:54, Tesauro, 577 377 C-13/94, P v. S and Cornwall County Council, EU: T-66/92, Herlitz v. Commission, EU:T:1994:84, 920 C:1996:170, 597

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C-25/94, Commission v. Council, EU:C:1996:114, C-192–218/95, Comateb and Others, EU:C:1997:12, 87 302 C-39/94, SFEI v. La Poste, EU:C:1996:285, 302, 991 C-242/95, GT-Link v. DSB, EU:C:1997:376, 302 C-51/94, Commission v. Germany, EU:C:1995352, 721 C-250/95, Futura Participations and Singer v. C-55/94, Gebhard v. Consiglio dell’ordine degli Administration des contributions, EU:C:1997:239, avvocati e procuratori di Milano, EU:C:1995:411, 826 735, 738, 744, 754, 783, 785, 787, 793, 797, 827 C-258/95, Söhne v. Finanzamt Neustadt, EU: C-80/94, Wielockx v. Inspecteur der Directe C:1997:491, 741 Belastingen, EU:C:1995:156, Opinion of Advocate C-261/95, Palmisani v. INPS, EU:C:1997:351, 301 General Leger, 828 C-265/95, Commission v. France (Spanish C-84/94, United Kingdom v. Council, EU:C:1996:431, Strawberries), EU:C:1997:595, 857–8 385 C-265/95, Commission v. France, EU:C:1997:595, 214, C-107/94, Asscher, EU:C:1996:251, 788 345 C-177/94, Perfili, EU:C:1996:24, 746 C-284/95, Safety Hi-Tech v. S and T, EU:C:1998:352, C-178–9/94 and C-188–90/94, Dillenkofer and Others, 849 EU:C:1996:375, 319 C-299/95, Kremzow v. Austria, EU:C:1997:58, 255 C-194/94, CIA Security International v. Signalson & C-300/95, Commission v. United Kingdom, EU: Securitel, EU:C:1996:172, 308 C:1997:255, 345 C-237/94, O’Flynn v. Adjudication Officer, EU: C-341/95, Bettati v. Safety Hi-Tech, EU:C:1998:353, C:1996:206, 485 849 C-241/94, France v. Commission, EU:C:1996:353, 982 C-367/95 P, Commission v. Sytraval and Brink’s C-266/94, Commission v. Spain, EU:C:1995:235, 350 France, EU:C:1998:154, 378 C-272/94, Guiot, EU:C:1996:147, 755 C-368/95, Familiapress v. Heinrich Bauer Verlag, EU: C-288/94, Argos Distributors Ltd v. CCE, EU: C:1997:325, 702, 727 C:1996:253, 741 C-388/95, Belgium v. Spain, EU:C:2000:244, 330, 731 C-321/94, Pistre, EU:C:1997:229, 707–8 C-392/95, Parliament v. Council (Visas), EU: T-167/94, Nölle v. Commission and Council, EU: C:1997:289, 405 T:1997:195, 403–4 C-398/95, Syndesmos ton en Elladi Touristikon kai T-374–5/94, T-384/94 and T-388/94, European Night Taxidiotikon Grafeion v. Ypourgos Ergasias, EU: Services v. Commission, EU:T:1998:198, 940 C:1997:282, 739, 741, 825 T-395/94, Atlantic Container Line v. Commission, EU: C-409/95, Marschall v. Land Nordrhein-Westfalen, EU: T:2002:49, 888 C:1997:533, 616 C-3/95, Reisebüro Broede v. Sandker, EU:C:1996:487, T-73/95, Oliveira v. Commission, EU:T;1997:3, 825 378 C-11/95, Commission v. Belgium, EU:C:1996:316, 349 C-1/96, Compassion in World Farming, EU: C-32/95 P, Commission v. Lisrestal and Others, EU: C:1998:113, 833–4 C:1996:402, 377 C-15/96, Schöning-Kougebetopoulou v. Freie und C-34/95-36/95, De Agostini and TV Shop, [1997] ECR Hansestadt Hamburg, EU:C:1998:3, 320 I-3843, 729 C-50/96, Deutsche Telekom AG v. Lilli Schröder, EU: C-53/95, INASTI v. Kammler, EU:C:1996:58, 796 C:2000:72, 577 C-65/95 and C-111/95, R v. Secretary of State for the C-51/96 and C-191/97, Deliège v. Asbl Ligue Home Department, ex parte Shingara and ex parte Francophone de Judo, EU:C:1999:147, 741, 749 Radiom, EU:C:1997:300, 516 C-53/96, Hermès International v. FHT, EU:C:1998:292, C-70/95, Sodemare v. Regione Lombardia, [1997] ECR 184 I-3395, 808 C-64–5/96, Uecker and Jacquet, EU:C:1997:285, 500, C-73/95 P, Viho Europe v. Commission, EU: 788 C:1996:405, 920 C-67/96, Albany International BV v. Stichting C-120/95, Decker v. Caisse de maladie des employés Bedrijfspensioenfonds Textielindustrie, EU: privés, EU:C:1997:399, Opinion of Advocate C:1999:430, 923 General Tesauro, 828 C-85/96, Martinez-Sala, EU:C:1998:217, 487, 491 C-120/95, Decker v. Caisse de maladie des employés C-129/96, Inter-environnement Wallonie v. Région privés, EU:C:1998:167, 828 Wallonne, EU:C:1997:628, 114, 309 C-168/95, Arcaro, EU:C:1996:363, 312 C-149/96, Portugal v. Council, EU:C:1999:574, 303 C-180/95, Draehmpaehl v. Urania Immobilienservice, C-158/96, Kohll v. Union des Caisses de Maladie, EU: EU:C:1997:11, 214, 594 C:1998:171, 743, 763, 765, 767–8, 825–6, 828 C-183/95, Affish v. Rijksdienst voor de Keuring van C-176/96, Jyri Lehtonen and Castors Canada Dry Vee en Vlees, EU:C:1997:373, 383 Namur-Braine Asbl v. Fédération royale belge des

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sociétés de basket-ball Asbl (FRBSB), EU: C-273/97, Sirdar v. Army Board and Secretary of State C:2000:201, 749 for Defence, EU:C:1999:523, 591 C-184/96, Commission v. France, EU:C:1998:495, C-294/97, Eurowings v. Finanzamt Dortmund-Unna, 722 EU:C:1999:524, 744 C-200/96, Metronome Musik v. Music Point Hokamp, C-302/97, Konle, EU:C:1999:271, 836 EU:C:1998:172, 824 C-383/97, Van der Laan, EU:C:1999:64, 699 C-203/96, Chemische Afvalstoffen Dusseldorp BV and C-424/97, Salomone Haim v. Kassenzahnärztliche Others v. Minister van Volkhuisvesting, Vereinigung Nordrhein, EU:C:2000:357, 792, 843 Ruimtelijke Ordening en Milieubeheer, EU: C-435/97, WWF v. Autonome Provinz Bozen, EU: C:1998:316, 828, 851–3 C:1999:418, 168 C-210/96, Gut Springenheide, EU:C:1988:369, 721 T-228/97, Irish Sugar v. Commission, EU:T:1999:246, C-249/96, Grant v. South West Trains Ltd, EU: 920 C:1998:63, 597–8 C-15/98 and C-105/99, Italy and Sardegna Lines v. C-274/96, Bickel and Franz, EU:C:1998:563, 485 Commission, EU:C:2000:570, 987 C-306/96, Javico International and Javico AG v. Yves C-22/98, Becu, EU:C:1999:419, 920 Saint Laurent Parfums SA, EU:C:1998:173, 922 C-35/98, Staatssecretaris van Financiën v. Verkooijen, C-326/96, Levez v. Jennings, EU:C:1998:577, 302 EU:C:2000:294, 827 C-336/96, Gilly v. Directeur des services ﬁscaux du C-55/98, Skatteministeriet v. Vestergard, EU: Bas-Rhin, EU:C:1998:221, 788 C:1999:533, 740–1 C-342/96, Spain v. Commission, EU:C:1999:210, 979 C-58/98, Corsten, EU:C:2000:527, 759, 824 C-348/96, Calfa, EU:C:1999:6, 517 C-67/98, Questore di Verona v. Zenatti, EU: C-389/96, Aher-Waggon v. Federal Republic of C:1999:514, 760 Germany, EU:C:1998:357, 849 C-67/98, Zenatti, EU:C:1999:514, 856 C-416/96, El Yassini v. Secretary of State for The Home C-78/98, Preston v. Wolverhampton Health Care Trust, Department, EU:C:1999:107, 178 EU:C:2000:247, 301 C-1/97, Birden v. Stadtgemeinde Bremen, EU: C-97/98, Jägerskiöld v. Gustafsson, EU:C:1999:515, C:1998:568, 786 738 C-6/97, Italy v. Commission, EU:C:1999:251, 984 C-108/98, RI-SAN v. Commune de Ischia, EU: C-42/97, Parliament v. Council (Linguistic Diversity in C:1999:400, 739, 741 The Information Society), [1999] ECR I-869, 120 C-156/98, Germany v. Commission, EU:C:2000:467, C-52–4/97, Epifanio Viscido v. Ente Poste Italiane, 994 EU:C:1998:209, Opinion of Advocate General C-165/98, Mazzoleni and ISA, EU:C:2001:162, Jacobs, 977, 978–9 747 C-67/97, Bluhme, EU:C:1998:584, 842, 849–50 C-190/98, Graf v. Filzmoser Maschinenbau, EU: 1997/075 Belgium v. Commission, C-75/97, EU: C:2000:49, 706, 794 C:1999:311, 984 C-205/98, Commission v. Austria, EU:C:2000:493, C-115–17/97, Brentjens’ Handelsonderneming BV, EU: 352 C:1999:434, 924 C-224/98, D’Hoop, EU:C:2002:432, 495, 511 C-115–17/97, Brentjens’ Handelsonderneming BV, EU: C-238/98, Hocsman v. Ministre de l’Emploi et de la C:1999:434, Opinion of Advocate General Jacobs, Solidarit, EU:C:2000:440, 798–9 924 C-254/98, Schutzverband v. TK-Heimdienst, C-124/97, Läärä v. Kihlakunnansyyttäjä, EU:C:2000:12, 729 EU:C:1999:435, 832, 856 C-281/98, Roman Angonese v. Cassa di Risparmio di C-126/97, Eco Swiss China Time Ltd v. Benetton, EU: Bolzano SpA, EU:C:1999:583, Opinion of C:1999:269, 928 Advocate General Fennelly, 749, 754, 788 C-167/97, R v. Secretary of State for Employment, ex C-281/98, Roman Angonese v. Cassa di Risparmio di parte Seymour-Smith and Perez, EU:C:1999:60, Bolzano SpA, EU:C:2000:296, 791, 804 583, 588 1998/285 Kreil v. Germany, C-285/98, EU:C:1999:525, C-200/97, Ecotrade v. Altiforni e Ferriere di Servola, 591 EU:C:1998:579, 983 C-303/98, Simap v. Conselleria de Sanidad y Consumo C-212/97, Centros v. Erhvervs-og Selskabsstyrelsen, de la Generalidad Valenciana, EU:C:2000:528, EU:C:1999:126, 803, 813–15, 824 273–4 C-219/97, Maatschappij Drijvende Bokken BV v. C-351/98, Spain v. Commission, EU:C:2002:530, 988 Stichting Pensioenfonds voor de Vervoer- en C-352/98 P, Laboratoires Pharmaceutiques Bergaderm Havenbedrijven, EU:C:1999:437, 923 v. Commission, EU:C:2000:361, 400–2 C-222/97, Trummer and Mayer, EU:C:1999:143, 847 C-355/98, Commission v. Belgium, EU:C:2000:113, C-230/97, Awoyemi, EU:C:2004:59, 483 760

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C-367/98, Commission v. Portugal (Free Movement of C-268/99, Jany v. Staatssecretaris van Justitie, EU: Capital), EU:C:2001:326, 826 C:2001:616, 737, 764, 832 C-368/98, Vanbraekel v. ANMC, EU:C:2001:400, 768 C-309/99, Wouters and Others v. Algemene Raad van C-376/98, Germany v. Parliament and Council de Nederlandse Orde van Advocaten, EU: (Tobacco Advertising I), EU:C:2000:544, 627, C:2002:98, 824, 920, 924–6, 928 635–8, 640, 643 C-313/99, Mulgan and Others, EU:C:2002:386, 213 C-377/98, Netherlands v. Parliament and Council, EU: C-324/99, DaimlerChrysler v. Land Baden- C:2001:329, Opinion of Advocate General Jacobs, Württemberg, EU:C:2001:682, 853 268 C-385/99, Müller-Fauré v. Onderlinge C-377/98, Netherlands v. Parliament and Council, EU: Waarborgmaatschappij OZ Zorgverzekeringen, C:2001:523, 385 EU:C:2003:270, 768–71 C-379/98, PreussenElektra AG v. Schhleswag AG, EU: C-413/99, Baumbast v. Secretary of State for the Home C:2001:160, 700, 828, 850, 977–9 Department, EU:C:2002:493, 479–80, 504 C-398/98, Commission v. Greece, EU:C:2001:565, 700, C-439/99, Commission v. Italy (Trade Fairs), EU: 843–4, 857 C:2002:14, 755 C-405/98, Konsumentombudsmannen (KO) v. Gourmet C-451/99, Cura Anlagen v. Auto Service Leasing, EU: International Products AB, EU:C:2001:135, C:2002:195, 738, 824 729–30 C-453/99, Courage Ltd v. Crehan, EU:C:2001:465, 302, C-407/98, Abrahamsson and Anderson v. Fogelqvist, 910–11, 928 [2000] ECR I-5539, 616 C-459/99, MRAX, EU:C:2002:461, 484, 516 C-424/98, Commission v. Italy, [2000] ECR I-4001, 482 C-482/99, France v. Commission (Stardust Marine), EU: C-443/98, Unilever Italia v. Central Food, EU: C:2002:294, 979 C:2000:496, 309 C-483/99, Commission v. France, EU:C:2002:327, 847, C-448/98, Guimont, EU:C:2000:663, 708 980 C-480/98, Spain v. Commission, EU:C:2000:559, 990 C-503/99, Commission v. Belgium, EU:C:2002:328, T-112/98, Mannesmannröhren-Werke AG v. 847 Commission, EU:T:2001:61, 882 C-515/99 and C-527–540/99, Reisch and Others v. C-54/99, Église de Scientologie de Paris v. Prime Bürgermeister der Landeshaupstadt Salzburg, EU: Minister, EU:C:2000:124, 847 C:2002:135, 824, 836 C-55/99, Commission v. France, EU:C:2000:693, 723, T-13/99, Pﬁzer Animal Health v. Council, EU: 834 T:2002:209, 81 C-70/99, Commission v. Portugal (Flight Taxes), EU: T-23/99, LR af 1998 A/S v. Commission, EU:T:2002:75, C:2001:125, 740 933 C-143/99, Adria-Wien Pipeline GmbH and T-219/99, British Airways v. Commission, EU: Wietersdorfer and Peggauer Zementwerke GmbH T:2003:343, 953, 956 v. Finanzlandesdirektion für Kärnten, EU: T-222/99, T-327/99 and T-329/99, Martinez and C:2001:598, 984–5, 991 Others v. Parliament, EU:T:2001:242, 380 C-150/99, Stockholm Lindöpark, EU:C:2001:34, T-319/99, Federación Nacional de Empresas de 319 Instrumentación Cientíﬁca, Médica, Técnica y C-157/99, Geraets-Smits v. Stichting Ziekenfonds; Dental (FENIN) v. Commission of the European Peerbooms v. Stichting CZ Groep Communities, EU:T:2003:50, 743 Zorgverzekeringen, EU:C:2001:404, 743, 767–9, C-12/00, Commission v. Spain (Spanish Chocolate), 771–2 EU:C:2003:21, 722 C-159/99, Commission v. Italy, EU:C:2001:278, 213, C-14/00, Commission v. Italy (Chocolate), EU: 345 C:2003:22, 722, 726 C-164/99, Portugaia Construções, EU:C:2002:40; C-17/00, De Coster v. Collège des bourgmestre et Commission v. Luxembourg (Employment of échevins de Watermael- Boitsfort, EU:C:2001:366, Foreign Workers), C-445/03, EU:C:2004:655, Opinion of Advocate General Ruiz-Jarabo 824 Colomer, 178–9 C-184/99, Grzelczyk, EU:C:2001:458, 488–90 C-17/00, De Coster v. Collège des bourgmestre et C-192/99 Kaur, [2001] ECR I-1237, 473–4 échevins de Watermael- Boitsfort, EU:C:2001:651, C-217/99, Commission v. Belgium, EU:C:2000:638, 762–3, 824 723, 834 C-24/00, Commission v. France (French Vitamins), EU: C-238/99 P, C-244–5/99 P, C-247/99 P, C-250–2/99 P C:2004:70, 846–7, 854 and C-254/99 P, Limburgse Vinyl Maatschappij C-60/00, Carpenter, EU:C:2002:434, 506–7, 510 NV and Others v. Commission, EU:C:2002:582, C-74–5/00, Falck and Acciaierie di Bolzano v. 880 Commission, EU:C:2002:524, 378

lxii Table of Cases

C-94/00, Roquette Frères v. Directeur général de la C-243/01, Gambelli, EU:C:2003:597, 739, 760, 824, concurrence, de la consommation et de la 832, 840, 842 répression des frauds, EU:C:2002:603, 885–6 C-256/01, Allonby v. Accrington and Rossendale C-99/00, Lyckeskog EU:C:2002:329, 188–9 College, EU:C:2004:18, 583 C-112/00, Schmidberger v. Republic of Austria, EU: C-276/01, Steffenson, EU:C:2003:228, 299 C:2003:333, 214, 711–13, 824, 858 C-308/01, GIL Insurance Ltd and Others v. C-114/00, Spain v. Commission, EU:C:2002:508, 995 Commissioners of Customs and Excise, EU: C-121/00, Hahn, EU:C:2002:611, 855 C:2004:252, 985 C-123/00, Criminal Proceedings Against Bellamy and C-322/01, Deutscher Apothekerverband v. DocMorris, English Shop Wholesale, EU:C:2001:214, 717 EU:C:2003:664, 702, 708, 729–30, 842 C-129/00, Commission v. Italy, EU:C:2003:656, 342–3 C-358/01, Commission v. Spain, EU:C:2003:599, 722 C-136/00, Danner, EU:C:2002:558, 827–8 C-388/01, Commission v. Italy, EU:C:2003:30, 485 C-159/00, Sapod Audic, EU:C:2002:343, 727 C-397–403/01, Pfeiffer and Others v. Deutsches Rotes C-182/00, Lutz, EU:C:2002:19, 179 Kreuz, EU:C:2004:584, 311 C-204–5/00 P, C-211/00 P, C-213/00 P, C-217/00 P C-405/01, Colegio de Oﬁciales de la Marina Mercante and C-219/00 P, Aalborg Portland A/S and Others Española v. Administración del Estado, EU: v. Commission, EU:C:2004:6, 886 C:2003:515, 863 C-208/00, Überseering v. NCC, EU:C:2002:632, 815 C-413/01, Franca Ninni-Orasche v. Bundesminister für C-253/00, Muñoz v. Frumar, EU:C:2002:497, 318 Wissenschaft, Verkehr und Kunst, EU:C:2003:600, C-278/00, Greece v. Commission, EU:C:2004:239, 786, 803 994 C-422/01, Försákringsaktiebolaget Skandia v. C-280/00, Altmark Trans, EU:C:2003:415, 980 Riksskatteverket, EU:C:2003:380, 739 C-312/00 P, Commission v. Camar and Tico, EU: C-446/01, Commission v. Spain, EU:C:2003:347, 351 C:2002:736, 402 C-452/01, Ospelt v. Schössle Weissenberg C-325/00, Commission v. Germany (CMA), EU: Familienstiftung, EU:C:2003:493, 826, 836 C:2002:633, 341–2 C-463/01, Commission v. Germany, EU:C:2004:797, C-325/00, Commission v. Germany (German Quality 724 Products), EU:C:2002:633, 710 C-465/01, Commission v. Austria, EU:C:2004:530, 805 C-416/00, Morellato, EU:C:2003:475, 728 C-482/01 and C-493/01, Orfanopoulos and Oliveri v. C-436/00, X and Y v. Riksskatteverket, EU:C:2002:704, Land Baden-Württemberg, EU:C:2004:262, 517i, 827 518 C-453/00, Kühne and Heitz v. Productschap Voor C-486/01 P, Front National v. European Parliament, Pluimvee En Eieren, EU:C:2004:17, 197 EU:C:2004:394, 391 C-465/00 and C-138-9/01, Österreichischer Rundfunk C-491/01, British American Tobacco, EU:C:2002:741, and Others, [2003] ECR I-4989, 268 385 C-469/00, Ravil v. Bellon Import, EU:C:2003:295, 731 C-494/01, Commission v. Ireland, EU:C:2005:250, T-47/00, Rica Foods v. Commission, EU:T:2002:7, 395 345–6, 349 T-98/00, Linde v. Commission, EU: T:2002:248, 980 T-30–2/01 and T-86–8/02, Diputación Foral de Álava T-211/00, Kuijer v. Council, EU:T:2002:30, 107 v. Commission, EU:T:2009:314, 398 C-6/01, Anomar v. Estado Português, EU:C:2003:446, T-168/01, GlaxoSmithKline Services Unlimited v. 741, 760 Commission, Case EU:T:2006:265, 936–7 C-20/01 and C-28/01, Commission v. Germany, EU: T-177/01, Jégo-quéré v. Commission, EU:T:2002:112, C:2003:220, 331, 334 165 C-56/01, Inizan v. Caisse Primaire d’Assurance Maladie T-198/01, Technische Glaswerke Ilmenau v. des Hauts-de-Seine, EU:C:2003:578, 768 Commission, EU:T:2004:222, 377 C-76/01 P, Eurocoton v. Council, EU:C:2003:511, 402 T-203/01, Michelin v. Commission, EU:T:2003:250, C-95/01, Greenham and Abel, EU:C:2004:71, 829–30 955 C-100/01, Ministre de I’Intérieur v. Olazabal, EU: T-213–14/01, Österreichische Postsparkasse and Bank C:2002:712, 515, 856 für Arbeit und Wirtschaft v. Commission, EU: C-109/01, Akrich, EU:C:2003:491, 499, 513 T:2006:151, 368–9 C-167/01, Kamer van Koophandel en Fabrieken voor C-6/02, Commission v. France, EU:C:2003:136, Amsterdam v. Inspire Art, EU:C:2003:512, 815–16 722 C-192/01, Commission v. Denmark, EU:C:2003:492, C-8/02, Leichtle v. Bundesanstalt für Arbeit, EU: 704, 829, 843, 854 C:2004:161, 768, 842, 845 C-215/01, Schnitzer, EU:C:2003:662, 739 C-12/02, Grilli, EU:C:2003:538, 732 C-224/01, Köbler v. Austria, EU:C:2003:513, 189–90, C-36/02, Omega Spielhallen -und 192, 320–2, 343, 805 Automatenaufstellungs-GmbH v.

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Oberbürgermeisterin der Bundesstadt Bonn, C-464/02, Commission v. Denmark (Danish Company EU:C:2004:614, 738, 824, 830–1, 856 Cars), EU:C:2005:38, 633, 789–90, 807–8 C-37–8/02, Di Lenardo and Dilexport v. Ministero del T-3/02, Schlüsselverlag JS Moser v. Commission, EU: Commercio con l’Estero, EU:C:2004:443, 261 T:2002:64, 398 C-41/02, Commission v. Netherlands (Dutch Vitamins), T-210/02 British Aggregates Association v. EU:C:2004:762, 853–4 Commission, RENV, EU:T:2012:110, 985 C-42/02, Lindman, EU:C:2003:613, 760 T-313/02, Meca Medina and Majcen v. Commission, 2002/047 Anker, C-47/02, EU:C:1987:284, 863 EU:T:2004:282, 749–51 C-71/02, Karner v. Troostwijk, EU:C:2004:181, 729, T-351/02, Deutsche Bahn v. Commission, EU: 738, 824 T:2006:104, 368 C-105/02, Commission v. Germany, EU:C:2006:637, C-6/03, Deponiezweckverband Eiterköpfe v. Land 214, 345 Rheinland-Pfalz, EU:C:2005:222, 212 C-148/02, Garcia Avello, EU:C:2003:539, 484–7, 500, C-12/03 P, Commission v. Tetra Laval, EU:C:2005:87, 524 371–2, 899 C-151/02, Landeshauptstadt Kiel v. Jaeger, EU: C-20/03, Burmanjer, EU:C:2005:307, 726, 729 C:2003:437, 273–4 C-33/03, Commission v. United Kingdom, EU: C-153/02, Neri v. European School of Economics, EU: C:2005:144, 213 C:2003:614, 803–4 C-53/03, Syfait v. Glaxo Smith Kline, EU:C:2005:333, C-171/02, Commission v. Portugal, EU:C:2004:270, 179 760, 796 2003/060 Wolff and Müller v. Felix, C-60/03, EU: C-189/02 P, C-202/02 P, C-205–8/02 P and C-213/02 C:2004:610, 826 P, Dansk Rørindustri and Others v. Commission, C-72/03, Carbonati Apuani, EU:C:2004:506, 733 EU:C:2005:408, 118, 890 C-88/03, Portugal v. Commission, EU:C:2006:511, C-200/02, Zhu and Chen, EU:C:2004:639, 481, 504–5, 982–3 522 C-110/03, Belgium v. Commission, EU:C:2005:223, C-201/02, R v. Secretary of State for Transport, Local 998 Government and the Regions, ex parte Wells, EU: C-134/03 Viacom Outdoor v Giotto Immobilier [2005] C:2004:12, 307 ECR I-1106, 746–7, 747 C-224/02, Pusa, EU:C:2004:273, 495 C-136/03, Georg Dörr v. Sicherheitsdirektion für das C-262/02, Commission v. France, EU:C:2004:431, 824 Bundesland Kärnten and Ibrahim Ünal v C-263/02 P, Commission v. Jégo-quéré, EU: Sicherheitsdirektion für das Bundesland C:2004:210, 165, 183 Vorarlberg, EU:C:2005:340, 516 C-293/02, Jersey Potatoes, EU:C:2005:664, 733 C-140/03, Commission v. Greece, EU:C:2005:242, 793 C-299/02, Commission v. Netherlands, EU:C:2004:620, 2003/147 Commission v. Austria (Access to 760, 791, 793, 813 Universities), C-147/03, EU:C:2005:427, 825, C-304/02, Commission v. France, EU:C:2005:444, 844–5 361–2, 419 C-157/03, Commission v. Spain, EU:C:2005:225, 334 C-309/02, Radlberger Getränkegesellschaft v. Land C-166/03, Commission v. France (Gold), EU: Baden-Württemberg, EU:C:2004:799, 724 C:2004:422, 722 C-345/02, Pearle BV, Hans Prijs Optiek Franchise BV C-172/03, Wolfgang Heiser v. Finanzamt Innsbruck, and Rinck Opticiëns BV v. Hoofdbedrijfschap EU:C:2005:130, 982, 987 Ambachten, EU:C:2004:448, 979 C-173/03, Traghetti del Mediterraneo v. Italian C-365/02, Lindfors, EU:C:2004:449, 170 Republic, EU:C:2006:391, 322 C-377/02, Van Parys v. BIRB, EU:C:2005:121, 379 C-182/03 and C-217/03, Belgium and Forum 187 v. C-387/02, C-391/02 and C-403/02, Berlusconi and Commission, EU:C:2006:416, 383 Others, EU:C:2004:624, 214 C-191/03, North Western Health Board v. Margaret C-429/02, Bacardi France v. Télévision française, EU: McKenna, EU:C:2005:513, 596 C:2004:432, 824 C-209/03, Bidar, EU:C:2005:169, 493 C-434/02, Arnold André GmBH & Co. KG v. Landrat C-210/03, R v. Secretary of State for Health, ex parte des Kreises Herford, EU:C:2004:800, 639 Swedish Match, EU:C:2004:802, 639–40 C-441/02, Commission v. Germany, EU:C:2006:253, C-212/03, Commission v. France, EU:C:2005:313, 704, 334, 345 711, 713 C-442/02, CaixaBank France v. Ministère de C-213/03, Geven v. Land Nordrhein-Westfalen, EU: l’Économie, des Finances et de l’Industrie, EU: C:2007:438, 788 C:2004:586, 756, 809–10 C-215/03, Oulane v. Minister voor C-456/02, Trojani v. Centre public d’aide sociale, EU: Vreemdelingenzaken en Integratie, EU: C:2004:488, 482, 488, 783–6 C:2005:638, 482–3

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C-266/03, Commission v. Luxembourg, EU: C-94/04 and C-202/04, 2004/094 Federico Cipolla v. C:2005:341, 213 Rosaria Fazari, née Portolese (C-94/04) and C-297/03, Sozialhilfeverband Rohrbach v. Stefano Macrino and Claudia Capoparte v. Arbeiterkammer Oberösterreich, EU:C:2005:315, Roberto Meloni (C-202/04), EU:C:2006:758, 745, 306 746, 757–8 C-319/03, Brihenche v. Ministre de l’Interieur, EU: C-95/04 P, British Airways plc v. Commission, EU: C:2004:574, 616 C:2007:166, 956–7 C-320/03, Commission v. Austria, EU:C:2005:684, 701, C-96/04, Standesamt Stadt Niebüll, EU:C:2006:254, 842 179, 485 C-380/03, Germany v. Parliament and Council C-109/04, Kranemann v. Land Nordrhein-Westfalen, (Tobacco Advertising II), EU:C:2006:772, 639 EU:C:2005:187, 794, 826 C-403/03, Schempp, EU:C:2005:446, 495 C-109/04, Kranemann v. Land Nordrhein-Westfalen, C-408/03, Commission v. Belgium, EU:C:2006:192, EU:C:2005:68, Opinion of Advocate General 481 Geelhoed, 786 C-415/03, Commission v. Greece, EU:C:2005:287, 991 C-125/04, Denuit v. Transorient – Mosaïque Voyages C-432/03, Commission v. Portugal, EU:C:2005:669, Et Culture, EU:C:2005:69, 178 839 C-144/04, Werner Mangold v. Rüdiger Helm, EU: C-438/08, Commission v. Portugal, EU:C:2009:651, C:2005:709, 176, 232, 309, 323, 579, 580–1, 607, 862–3 609 C-443/03, Leffler v. Berlin Chemie, EU:C:2005:665, 299 C-145/04, Spain v. United Kingdom, EU:C:2006:543, C-446/03, Marks & Spencer v. Halsey, EU:C:2005:201, 330, 520 Opinion of Advocate General Poiares Maduro, 828 C-150/04, Commission v. Denmark, EU:C:2007:69, 796 C-461/03, Schul v. Minister Van Landbouw, Natuur En C-151–2/04, Nadin, Nadin-Lux and Durré, EU: Voedselkwaliteit, EU:C:2005:742, 185 C:2005:775, 808 C-469/03, Miraglia, EU:C:2005:156, 376 C-154–5/04, R v. Secretary of State for Health, ex parte C-470/03, AGM-COS.MET Srl v. Suomen Valtio and Alliance for Natural Health, EU:C:2005:449, 385 Tarmo Lehtinen, EU:C:2007:213, 704–6 C-158–9/04, Alfa Vita Vassilopoulos AE and Carrefour C-503/03, Commission v. Spain, EU:C:2006:74, 334, Marinopoulos AE and Nomarchiaki Aftodioikisi 517 Ioanninon, EU:C:2006:212, Opinion of Advocate C-514/03, Commission v. Spain, EU:C:2006:63, 760 General Maduro , 630, 633 C-540/03, Parliament v. Council (Family Reunification C-158–9/04, Alfa Vita Vassilopoulos AE and Carrefour Directive), EU:C:2006:429, 255, 275–6, 557 Marinopoulos AE v. Elliniko Dimosio and C-544/03, Mobistar v. Commune de Fléron, EU: NomarchiakiAftodioikisi Ioanninon, EU: C:2005:518, 735, 746–7 C:2006:562, 699, 703, 721, 726, 729 T-2/03, Verein Fur Konsumenteninformation v. C-170/04, Klas Rosengren and Others v. Riksåklagaren, Commission, EU:T:2005:125, 104 EU:C:2007:313, 701, 729 T-18/03, CD Contact Data GmbH v. Commission, EU: C-174/04, Commission v. Italy (Free Movement of T:2009:132, 890 Capital), EU:C:2005:350, 847 T-125 and 253/03, Akzo Nobel Chemicals Ltd and C-180/04, Vassallo v. Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedale Akcros Chemicals Ltd v. Commission, EU: San Martino di Genova e Cliniche Universitarie T:2007:287, 883 Convenzionate, EU:C:2006:518, 306 T-279/03, Galileo International Technology and Others C-196/04, Cadbury Schweppes, EU:C:2006:544, v. Commission, EU:T:2006:121, 403 816–17 T-309/03, Camós Grau v. Commission, EU:T:2006:110, C-212/04, Adeneler and Others v. ELOG, 401 EU:C:2006:443, 213, 309 T-328/03, O2 (Germany) GmbH & Co. OHG v. C-217/04, United Kingdom v. Parliament and Council Commission, EU:T:2006:116, 942–4 (ENISA), EU:C:2006:279, 641–3 T-347/03, Branco v. Commission, EU:T:2005:265, 378, C-222/04, Cassa di Risparmio di Firenze and Others, 382 EU:C:2006:8, 983 T-351/03, Schneider v. Commission, EU:T:2007:212, C-227/04 P, Maria-Luise Lindorfer v. Council, EU: 402 C:2007:490, 579, 607 C-27/04, Commission v. Council, EU:C:2004:436, 368 C-234/04, Kapferer v. Schlank & Schlick, EU: C-39/04, Laboratoires Fournier SA v. Direction des C:2006:178, 197 vérifications nationales et internationales, EU: C-258/04, Ioannidis, EU:C:2005:559, 493 C:2005:161, 762 C-260/04, Commission v. Italy, EU:C:2007:508, 760–1 C-66/04, United Kingdom v. Parliament and Council C-282–3/04, Commission v. Netherlands (Direct and (Smoke Flavourings), EU:C:2005:743, 641–3 Portfolio Investments), EU:C:2006:608, 847 C-71/04, Xunta de Galicia, EU:C:2005:493, 302 C-290/04, FKP Scorpio, EU:C:2006:630, 739

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C-295–298/04, Vincenzo Manfredi and Others v. Lloyd C-13/05, Sonia Chacón Navas v. Eurest Colectividades Adriatico Assicurazioni SpA and Others, EU: SA, EU:C:2006:184, Opinion of Advocate General C:2006:461, 301, 911 Geelhoed, 579 C-300/04, Eman and Sevinger, EU:C:2006:545, 520 C-13/05, Sonia Chacón Navas v. Eurest Colectividades C-301/04 P, Commission v. SGL Carbon AG, EU: SA, EU:C:2006:456, 604 C:2006:432, 890 C-64/05 P, Sweden v. Commission, EU:C:2007:802, C-301/04 P, Commission v. SGL Carbon AG, EU: 109 C:2006:53, Opinion of Advocate General C-76/05, Schwarz and Gootjes-Schwarz v. Finanzamt Geelhoed, 882 Bergisch Gladbach, EU:C:2007:492, 495, 766 C-310/04, Spain v. Council, EU:C:2006:521, 388 C-77/05, United Kingdom v. Council, EU:C:2007:803, C-338/04, C-359–60/04, Placanica, Palazzese and 142, 531 Soricchio, EU:C:2007:133, 760, 832–3, 842 C-94/05, Emsland-Stärke v. Landwirtschaftskammer C-344/04, R, ex parte Iata v. Department for Transport, Hannover, EU:C:2006:185, 381 EU:C:2006:10, 186 C-110/05, Commission v. Italy, EU:C:2009:66, 701–3, C-366/04, Georg Schwarz v. Bürgermeister der 793, 824 Landeshauptstadt Salzburg, EU:C:2005:719, C-134/05, Commission v. Italy, EU:C:2007:435, 744, 727–8 756 C-371/04, Commission v. Italy, EU:C:2006:668, 349, C-137/05, United Kingdom v. Council, EU:C:2007:805, 805 142 C-372/04, Watts v. Bedford Primary Care Trust, EU: C-138/05, Stichting Zuid-hollandse Milieufederatie v. C:2006:325, 767–70, 847 Minister Van Landbouw, EU:C:2006:577, 188, C-393/04 and C-41/05, Air Liquide Industries Belgium 309–10 SA v. Ville de Seraing and Province de Liège, C-142/05, Áklagaren v. Mickelsson and Roos, EU: [2006] ECR I-5293, 992 C:2009:336, 701, 704 C-407/04 P, Dalmine SpA v. Commission, EU: C-192/05, Tas-Hagen and Tas v. Raadskamer WUBO C:2007:53, 374, 881 van de Pensioen-en Uitkeringsraad, EU: C-423/04, Richards v. Secretary of State for Work and C:2006:676, 495 Pensions, EU:C:2006:256, 597 C-208/05. ITC Innovative Technology Center GmbH v. C-432/04, Commission v. Cresson, EU:C:2006:455, 64 Bundesagentur für Arbeit, EU:C:2006:649, C-433/04, Commission v. Belgium, EU:C:2006:702, Opinion of Advocate General Léger, 740–1 762 C-212/05, Hartmann v. Freistaat Bayern, EU: C-434/04, Ahokkainen, EU:C:2006:609, 700, 843 C:2007:437, 788–9 C-441/04, A-Punckt Schmuckhandels, EU:C:2006:141, C-222–5/05, Van der Weerd v. Minister van 726, 729 Landbouw; Natuur en Voedselkwaliteit, EU: C-446/04, Test Claimants in the FII Group Litigation v. C:2007:318, 299 IRC, EU:C:2006:774, 302 C-238/05, Asnef-Equifax, Servicios de Información C-452/04, Fidium Finanz v. Bundesanstalt für sobre Solvencia y Crédito, SL v. Asociación de Finanzdienstleistnugsaufsicht, EU:C:2006:182, Usuarios de Servicios Bancarios (Ausbanc), EU: 739 C:2006:734, 947 C-470/04, N v. Inspecteur van de Belastingdienst Oost/ C-246/05, Häupl v. Lidl, EU:C:2007:340, 179 kantoor Almelo, EU:C:2006:525, 302, 319 C-254/05, Commission v. Belgium, EU:C:2012:539, C-490/04, Commission v. Germany, EU:C:2007:430, 647 345, 349 C-266/05 P, Sison v. Council, EU:C:2007:75, 106 C-503/04, Commission v. Germany, EU:C:2007:432, C-274/05, Commission v. Greece, EU:C:2008:585, 804 332 C-291/05, Minister voor Vreemdelingenzaken en C-506/04, Graham J. Wilson v. Ordre des avocats du Integratie v. Eind, EU:C:2007:771, 512, 513 barreau de Luxembourg, EU:C:2006:587, 179, C-303/05, Advocaten voor de Wereld v. Leden van de 298, 792, 843 Ministerraad, EU:C:2007:261, 375 C-519/04 P, Meca-Medina and Majcen v. Commission, C-305/05, Ordre des Barreaux francophones and EU:C:2006:492, 925–6 germanophone and Others, EU:C:2007:383, T-196/04, Ryanair Ltd v. Commission, EU:T:2008:585, 269 975, 980–1 C-318/05, Commission v. Germany, EU:C:2007:495, T-201/04, Microsoft v. Commission, EU:T:2007:289, 742, 744, 766–7 888, 899 C-319/05, Commission v. Germany, EU:C:2007:678, T-264/04, WWF European Policy Programme v. 699, 853 Council, EU:T:2007:114, 106 C-341/05, Laval un Partneri Ltd v Svenska T-395/04, Air One v. Commission EU:T:2006:123, 398 Byggnadsarbetareförbundet, Svenska C-1/05, Jia v. Migrationsverket, EU:C:2007:1, 502 Byggnadsarbetareförbundets avdelning 1,

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Byggettan and Svenska Elektrikerförbundet, EU: C-212/06, Government of the French Community and C:2007:809, 269, 824 Walloon Government v. Flemish Government C-341/05, Laval un Partneri Ltd v Svenska (Flemish Insurance Case), EU:C:2008:178, 344, Byggnadsarbetareförbundet, Svenska 500, 511 Byggnadsarbetareförbundets avdelning 1, C-231–3/06, NPO v. Jonkman, EU:C:2007:373, Byggettan and Svenska Elektrikerförbundet, EU: 197 C:2007:291, Opinion of Advocate General C-241/06, Lämmerzahl, EU:C:2007:597, 302 Mengozzi, 751–3 C-244/06, Dynamic Medien Vertriebs GmbH v. Avides C-370/05, Festersen, EU:C:2007:59, 825–6, 836 Media AG, EU:C:2008:85, 269, 727–8 C-383/05, Talotta v. Belgium, EU:C:2007:181, 760, 762 C-250/06, United Pan-Europe Communications C-393/05, Commission v. Austria, EU:C:2007:428, Belgium SA and Others v. Belgian State, EU: Opinion of Advocate General Sharpston, 760 C:2007:783, 843 C-393/05, Commission v. Austria, EU:C:2007:722, 840 C-265/06, Commission v. Portugal, EU:C:2008:210, C-402/05 P Kadi and Al Barakaat International 700–1 Foundation v. Council and Commission, and C- C-267/06, Tadao Maruko v. Versorgungsanstalt der 415/05 p, 165, 208 deutschen Bühnen, EU:C:2008:179, 609–10 C-404/05, Commission v. Germany, EU:C:2007:428, C-268/06, Impact v. MAFF, EU:C:2008:223, 298 Opinion of Advocate General Sharpston, 760 C-281/06, Jundt and Jundt v. Finanzamt Offenburg, C-404/05, Commission v. Germany, EU:C:2007:723, EU:C:2007:816, 744, 762 840 C-286/06, Commission v. Spain, EU:C:2008:586, 804 C-411/05, Félix Palacios de la Villa v. Corteﬁel C-303/06, S. Coleman v. Attridge Law and Steve Law, Servicios SA, EU:C:2007:604, 579, 607 EU:C:2008:415, 595–6 C-432/05, Unibet v. Justitiekanslern, EU:C:2007:163, 2006/309 Marks & Spencer v. CCE, C-309/06, 299–300 EU:C:2008:211, 302 C-433/05, Sandström, EU:C:2010:184, 701, 704, 726 C-311/06, Consiglio Nazionale degli Ingegneri v. C-438/05, International Transport Workers’ Federation Ministero della Giustizia and Marco Cavallera, and Finnish Seamen’s Union v. Viking Line ABP EU:C:2009:37, 790, 804 and OÜ Viking Line Eesti, EU:C:2007:772, 713, C-345/06, Heinrich, EU:C:2009:140, 381 749, 751–3, 824, 924 C-353/06, Grunkin and Paul, EU:C:2008:559, 485–6, C-439/05 P and C-454/05 P, Land Oberösterreich and 495–6 Austria v. Commission (Austrian GMOs), EU: C-398/06, Commission v. Netherlands, EU:C:2008:461, C:2007:510, 650 481 C-444/05, Stamatelaki v. OAEE, EU:C:2007:231, 768 C-427/06, Birgit Bartsch v. Bosch und Siemens C-464/05, Geurts and Vogten v. Administratie van de Hausgeräte, EU:C:2008:517, 579 BTW, registratie en domeinen, Belgische Staat, C-428–34/06, Unión General de Trabajadores de La EU:C:2007:631, 808 Rioja (UGT-Rioja) and Others v. Juntas Generales C-465/05, Commission v. Italy, EU:C:2007:781, 760 del Territorio Histórico de Vizcaya and Others, EU: T-34/05 R, Makhteshim-Agan Holding BV and Others C:2008:488, 267, 982–3 v. Commission, EU:T:2005:147, 398 C-441/06, Commission v. France, EU:C:2007:616, 990 T-42/05, Williams v. Commission, EU:T:2008:325, 104 C-452/06, R v. Licensing Authority of the Department T-101/05 and T-111/05, BASF AG and UCB SA v. of Health, ex parte Synthon, EU:C:2008:565, 319 Commission, EU:T:2007:380, 932 C-460/06, Paquay v. Société d’architectes Hoet & T-185/05, Italy v. Commission, EU:T:2008:519, 368 Minne EU:C:2007:601, 214 T-420/05, Vischim v. Commission, EU:T:2009:391, C-489/06, Commission v. Greece, EU:C:2009:165, 378, 395, 398 333–4 T-485/05, Franchet & Byk v. Commission C-489/06, Commission v. Greece, EU:C:2008:638, EU:T:2008:257, 403 Opinion of Advocate General Mazák, 343 C-3/06 P, Groupe Danone v. Commission, C-499/06, Nerkowska, EU:C:2008:300, 495 EU:C:2007:88, 889 C-500/06, Corporacion Dermoestetica, EU:C:2008:62, C-11/06, Morgan v. Bezirksregierung Köln, 744, 758, 835 EU:C:2007:626, 494–5, 497 C-501/06 P, C-513/06 P, C-515/06 P and C-519/06 P, C-120/06 & C-121/06 P, FIAMM v. Council, GlaxoSmithKline Services Unlimited v. EU:C:2008:476, 116, 402 Commission, EU:C:2009:610, 872, 937, 947, 957 C-143/06, Ludwigs–Apotheke München Internationale C-518/06, Commission v. Italy, EU:C:2009:270, 736, Apotheke v. Juers Pharma Import-Export GmbH, 745–7, 810 EU:C:2007:656, 842 C-524/06, Huber v. Bundesrepublik Deutschland, EU: C-210/06, Cartesio, EU:C:2008:723, 813 C:2008:724, 485, 498

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C-531/06, Commission v. Italy, EU:C:2009:315, C-276/07, Nancy Delay v. Università degli studi di 793 Firenze, Istituto nazionale della previdenza T-343/06, Shell Petroleum NV v. Commission, sociale, EU:C:2008:282, 805 EU:T:2012:479, 890 C-316/07, Stoß, EU:C:2010:504, 760, 832, 840 C-33/07, Jipa, EU:C:2008:396, 519 C-322/07 P, C-327/07 P and C-338/07 P, Papierfabrik C-42/07, Liga Portuguesa de Futebol Profissional and August Koehler v. Commission, EU:C:2009:500, Bwin International Ltd v. Departamento de Jogos 378 da Santa Casa da Misericórdia de Lisboa, EU: C-330/07, Jobra VermögensverwaltungsGesellschaft C:2009:519, 760, 832–3 mbH v. Finanzamt Amstetten Melk Scheibbs, C-42/07, Liga Portuguesa de Futebol Profissional v. EU:C:2008:685, 762 Departamento de Jogos da Santa Casa da C-393/07, 2007/393 Italy v. Parliament, EU:C: Misericórdia de Lisboa, EU:C:2009:519, Opinion 2009:275, 94 of Advocate General Bot, 343 C-423/07, Commission v. Spain, EU:C:2009:639, C-48/07, Les Vergers Du Vieux Tauves, EU:C:2008:758, Opinion of Advocate General Mengozzi, 343 184 C-441/07 P, Commission v. Alrosa, EU:C:2010:377, C-54/07, Centrum voor gelijkheid van kansen en voor 894–5 racismebestrijding v. Firma Feryn NV, EU: C-445/07 P and C-455/07 P, Commission v. Ente per le C:2008:155, 584–5 Ville Vesuviane, EU:C:2009:529, 390–1 C-88/07, Commission v. Spain, EU:C:2008:567, C-457/07, Commission v. Portugal, EU:C:2009:531, Opinion of Advocate General Mazák, 699 359 C-88/07, Commission v. Spain, EU:C:2009:123, C-519/07 P, Commission v. Koninklijke Friesland 853 Campina, EU:C:2009:556, 393–4 C-94/07, Raccanelli v. Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur C-531/07, Fachverband der Buchund Förderung der, C:2008:425, 785 Medienwirtschafl, EU:C:2009:276, 701, 729–30 C-95–6/07, Ecotrade v. Agenzia delle Entrate – Ufficio C-544/07, Rüffler, EU:C:2009:258, 497, 790 di Genova 3, EU:C:2008:267, 301 C-551/07, Sahin, EU:C:2008:755, 499 C-113/07, Selex Sistemi Integrati v. Commission and C-555/07, Seda Kücükdeveci v. Swedex GmbH & Co. Eurocontrol, EU:C:2009:191, 919 KG, EU:C:2010:21, 323–5, 579 C-127/07, Arcelor v. Premier Ministre, EU:C:2008:728, C-567/07, Woningstichting Sint Servatius, 380 EU:C:2009:593, 847 C-138/07, Belgische Staat v. Cobelfret, EU:C:2009:82, C-570/07, Blanco Pérez, EU:C:2010:300, 741, 793, 835 294 T-167/04, Asklepios Kliniken v. Commission, C-141/07, Commission v. Germany, EU:C:2008:492, EU:T:2007:215, 398 826 T-240/07, Heineken Nederland and Heineken v. C-151/07, Theologos-Grigorios Khatzithanasis v. Commission, EU:T:2011:284, 375 Ypourgos Ygeias kai Koinonikis Allilengyis and T-341/07, Sison v. Council, EU:T:2011:687, 402 Organismos Epangelmatikis Ekpaidefsis kai T-423/07, Ryan Air v. Commission, EU:T:2011:226, Katartisis (OEEK), EU:C:2008:680, 804 398 C-152–4/07, Arcor v. Germany, EU:C:2008:426, C-2/08, Fallimento Olimpiclub, EU:C:2009:506, 307 197 C-158/07, Förster v. Hoofddirectie van de Informatie C-8/08, T-Mobile Netherlands BV, KPN Mobile NV, Beheer Groep, EU:C:2008:630, 494 Orange Nederland NV and Vodafone Libertel NV C-164/07, Wood, EU:C:2008:321, 485 v. Raad van bestuur van de Nederlandse C-169/07, Hartlauer Handelsgesellschaft mbH v. Mededingingsautoriteit, EU:C:2009:343, 929–30, Wiener Landesregierung, Oberösterreichische 938 Landesregierung, EU:C:2009:141, 793, 834–6 C-8/08, T-Mobile Netherlands BV, KPN Mobile NV, C-171–2/07, Apothekerkammer des Saarlandes, EU: Orange Nederland NV and Vodafone Libertel NV C:2009:316, 793 v. Raad van bestuur van de Nederlandse C-202/07 P, France Télécom SA v. Commission, EU: Mededingingsautoriteit, EU:C:2009:110, Opinion C:2009:214, 959 of Advocate General Kokott, 938 C-205/07, Gysbrechts, EU:C:2008:730, 732 C-9/08, Donnici v. Parliament, EU:C:2009:44, 94 C-209/07, Competition Authority v. Beef Industry C-22/08, Vatsouras v. Arbeitsgemeinschaft Nürnberg, Development Society Ltd, EU:C:2008:643, 938 EU:C:2009:344, 489–90, 492 C-221/07, Zablocka, EU:C:2008:681, 495 C-40/08, Asturcom Telecomunicaciones SL v Cristina C-222/07, UTECA v. Administración General del Rodríguez Nogueira, EU:C:2009:615, 301 Estado, EU:C:2009:124, 843 C-46/08, Carmen Media, EU:C:2010:505, 760, 832, C-246/07, Commission v. Sweden, EU:C:2010:203, 213 836–7

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C-47/08, Commission v. Belgium, EU:C:2011:334, C-325/08, Olympique Lyonnais, EU:C:2010:143, 793 862 C-333/08, Commission v. France (French Processing C-50/08, Commission v. France, EU:C:2011:335, 862 Aids), EU:C:2010:44, 829, 840, 847–9 C-51/08, Commission v. Luxembourg, EU:C:2011:336, C-341/08, Petersen v. Berufungsausschuss für 862 Zahnärzte für den Bezirk Westfalen-Lippe, EU: C-52/08, Commission v. Portugal, EU:C:2011:337, 862 C:2010:4, 592 C-53/08, Commission v. Austria, EU:C:2011:338, 862 C-344/08, Rubach, EU:C:2009:482, 375 C-54/08, Commission v. Germany, EU:C:2011:339, 862 C-345/08, Pesla, EU:C:2009:771, 798 C-58/08, Vodafone, EU:C:2010:321, 639–40 C-350/08, Commission v. Lithuania, EU:C:2010:642, C-61/08, Commission v. Greece, EU:C:2011:340, 862 352 C-73/08, Bressol, EU:C:2010:181, 825, 844 C-400/08, Commission v. Spain, EU:C:2011:172, 793 C-76/08, Commission v. Malta, EU:C:2009:535, 331 C-403/08, Football Association Premier League and C-96/08, CIBA, EU:C:2010:185, 807 Others v. Qc Leisure and Others, EU:C:2009:789, C-97/08 P, Akzo Nobel NV v. Commission, EU: 169 C:2009:536, 921 C-407/08 P, Knauf Gips v. Commission, EU: C-103/08, Gottwald v. Bezirkshauptmannschaft C:2010:389, 257 Bregenz, EU:C:2009:597, 485, 494–5 C-439/08, VEBIC, EU:C:2010:739, 908–9 C-123/08, Wolzenburg v. London Borough of Ealing C-446/08, Solgar, EU:C:2010:233, 829 and Secretary of State for Education and Skills, C-447/08, Sjöberg, EU:C:2010:415, 761, 838 EU:C:2009:616, 485 C-456/08, Commission v. Ireland, EU:C:2010:46, 331, C-127/08, Metock v. Minister for Justice, Equality and 334 Law Reform, EU:C:2008:449, 498–9, 512, 515, C-458/08, Commission v. Portugal, EU:C:2010:692, 548 755, 777 C-135/08, Janko Rottmann v. Freistaat Bayern, EU: C-480/08, Teixeira, EU:C:2010:83, 504 C:2010:104, 235, 472–4, 510 C-482/08, United Kingdom v. Council, EU:C:2010:631, C-141/08 P, Foshan Shunde Yongjian Housewares & 142, 531 Hardware Co. v. Commission, EU:C:2009:598, 377 C-499/08, Ingeniørforeningen i Danmark, acting on C-147/08, Römer v. Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg, behalf of Ole Andersen v. Region Syddanma, EU: EU:C:2011:286, 610 C:2010:600, 608 C-153/08, Commission v. Spain, EU:C:2009:618, 762 C-506/08 P, Sweden and Mytravel Group v. C-154/08, Commission v. Spain, EU:C:2009:695, 343 Commission, EU:C:2011:496, 104 C-155/08, Passenheim-van Schoot, EU:C:2009:368, C-507/08, Commission v. Slovak Republic, 842 EU:C:2010:802, 343–4 C-160/08, Commission v. Germany (Ambulance C-512/08, Commission v. France, EU:C:2010:579, Services), EU:C:2010:230, 860–1 768 C-165/08, Commission v. Poland, EU:C:2009:473, 340 C-565/08, Commission v. Italy (Lawyers’ Fees), EU: C-169/08, Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri v. C:2011:188, 746–7, 756 Regione Sardegna, EU:C:2009:709, 762 C-578/08, Chakroun v. Minister van Buitenlandse C-171/08, Commission v. Portugal, EU:C:2010:412, Zaken, EU:C:2010:117, 557 825 T-204/08, Team Relocations v. Commission, C-427/14, Plantanol, C-201/08, EU:C:2009:539; Valsts EU:T:2011:286, 932 ienemumu dienests v. ‘Veloserviss’ SIA, EU: T-246/08 and T-332/08, Melli Bank v. Council, C:2015:803, 382 EU:T:2009:266, 380, 399 C-205/08, Umweltanwalt Von Kärnten v. Kärntner T-304/08, Smurﬁt Kappa Group v. Commission, Landesregierung, EU:C:2009:767, 178–9 EU:T:2012:351, 997 C-211/08, Commission v. Spain, EU:C:2010:340, 768 T-394/08, Regione autonoma della Sardegna v. C-212/08, Zeturf Ltd v Premier ministre, EU: Commission, EU: T:2011:493, 378 C:2011:437, 829, 832–3 T-427/08, CEAHR v. Commission, EU:T:2010:517, 880 C-229/08, Wolf v. v. Stadt Frankfurt am Main, EU: C-1/09, CELF and ministre de la Culture et de la C:2010:3, 591 Communication, EU:C:2010:136, 992 C-258/08, Ladbrokes, EU:C:2010:308, 760, 832, 856–7 C-28/09, Commission v. Austria (Heavy Goods Trucks), C-271/08, Commission v. Germany, EU:C:2010:426, EU:C:2011:854, 845, 851–2 924 C-28/09, Commission v. Austria, EU:C:2011:854, 724, C-279/08 P, Commission v. Netherlands, EU: 842 C:2011:551, 975, 978–9, 985 C-34/09, Gerardo Ruiz Zambrano v. Ofﬁce national de C-310/08, Ibrahim, EU:C:2010:80, 504 l’emploi (ONEm), EU:C:2011:124, 467, 505, C-315/08, Grisoli, EU:C:2011:618, 793 507–8, 510, 522

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C-45/09, Gisela Rosenbladt v. Oellerking C-360/09, Pﬂeiderer v. Bundeskartellamt, [2011] ECR Gebäudereinigungsges. mbH, EU:C:2010:601, I-5161, 118 607 C-372–3/09, Peñarroja Fa, EU:C:2011:156, 298, 861–2 C-52/09, Konkurrensverket v. TeliaSonera Sverige AB, C-375/09, Prezes Urzędu Ochrony Konkurencji i EU:C:2011:83, 964 Konsumentów v. Tele2 Polska sp. z o.o., devenue C-56/09, Zanotti, EU:C:2010:288, 743 Netia SA, EU:C:2011:270, 909, 944 C-71/09 P, C-73/09 P and C-76/09 P, Comitato C-380/09 P, Council v. Melli Bank, EU:C:2012:137, 380 ‘Venezia Vuole Vivere’ and Others v. Commission, C-439/09, Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmétique SAS v. EU:C:2011:368, 980 Président de l’Autorité de la concurrence and C-92–3/09, Volker und Markus Schecke and Eifert, EU: Ministre de l’Économie, de l’Industrie et de C:2010:662, 267 l’Emploi, EU:C:2011:649, 949 C-106–7/09 P, Commission and Spain v. Government C-391/09, Malgožata Runevic-Vardyn and Lukasz of Gibraltar and United Kingdom, EU:C:2011:732, Pawel Wardyn v Vilniaus miesto savivaldybes 985 administracija and Others, EU:C:2011:291, 498 C-108/09, Ker-Optika, EU:C:2010:725, 730–1 C-391/09, Runevic, EU:C:2011:291, 825 C-118/09, Koller, EU:C:2010:805, 178, 798, 804 C-399/09, Landtóva, EU:C:2011:415, 234 C-137/09, Josemans, EU:C:2010:774, 856 C-403/09 PPU, Detièek v. Sgueglia, EU:C:2009:810, C-142/09, Lahousse, EU:C:2010:694, 701 270–1 C-145/09, Tsakouridis, EU:C:2010:708, 518 C-407/09, Commission v. Greece, EU:C:2011:196, 359 C-157/09, Commission v. Netherlands, EU:C:2011:794, C-410/09, Polska Telefonia Cyfrowa v. Prezes Urzêdu 862 Komunikacji Elektronicznej, EU:C:2011:294, 118 C-161/09, Kakavetsos-Fragkopoulos, EU:C:2011:110, C-421/09, Humanplasma, EU:C:2010:760, 842 721, 733 C-429/09, Fuß v. Stadt Halle, EU:C:2010:717, 301, 319 C-162/09, Lassal, EU:C:2010:592, 477–8 C-434/09, McCarthy, EU:C:2011:277, 511 C-165–7/09, Stichting Natuur en Milieu and Others v. C-422/09, Vandorou, EU:C:2010:732, 798 College van Gedeputeerde Staten van Groningen, C-496/09, Commission v. Italy, EU:C:2011:740, 362 EU:C:2011:348, 213, 309 C-505/09 P, Commission v. Estonia, EU:C:2012:179, C-173/09, Elchinov, EU:C:2010:336, 768–9 378 C-208/09, Sayn-Wittgenstein v. Landeshauptmann C-522/09, Commission v. Romania, EU:C:2011:251, von Wien, EU:C:2010:806, 220, 497, 824, 843 348 C-217/09, Polliseni, EU:C:2010:796, 793 C-542/09, Commission v. Netherlands, EU:C:2012:346, C-221/09, AJD Tuna v. Direttur Tal-agrikoltura U S- 494, 825 sajd, EU:C:2011:153, 114 T-27/09, Stella Kunststofftechnik v. OHIM, EU: C-236/09, Association belge des Consommateurs Test- T:2009:492, 375 Achats ASBL and Others v. Conseil des ministres, T-59/09, Germany v. Commission, EU:T:2012:75, 109 EU:C:2011:100, 272, 580 T-85/09, Kadi v. Commission, EU:T:2010:418, 165, 227 C-236/09, Association belge des Consommateurs Test- T-135/09, Nexans France v. Commission, EU: Achats ASBL and Others v. Conseil des ministres, T:2012:596, 368 C-236/09, EU:C:2011:100, Opinion of Advocate T-262/09, Safariland v. OHIM, EU:T:2011:171, 375 General Kokott, 581 T-352/09, Novácke chemické závody a.s. v. C-240/09, Lesoochranárske Zoskupenie, EU: Commission, EU:T:2012:673, 878 C:2011:125, 184 T-387/09, Applied Microengineering v. Commission, C-245/09, Omalet, EU:C:2010:808, 741 EU:T:2012:501, 382 C-272/09 P, KME v. Commission, EU:C:2011:63, T-436/09, Dufour v. ECB, EU:T:2011:634, 403 Opinion of Advocate General Sharpston, 896 C-503/09, Stewart, EU:C:2011:500, 494 C-272/09 P, KME v. Commission, EU:C:2011:810, T-529/09, Sophie in’t Veld v Council of the European 896–8 Union, EU:T:2012:215, 105 C-279/09, DEB, EU:C:2010:489, Opinion of Advocate C-17/10, Toshiba Corporation and Others v. Úřad pro Mengozzi, 266 ochranu hospodářské soutě že, EU:C:2012:72, 905 C-279/09, DEB, EU:C:2010:811, 299 C-42/10, C-45/10 and C-57/10, Vlaamse C-281/09, Commission v. Spain, EU:C:2011:767, 184 Dierenartsenvereniging and Janssens, EU: C-322/09 P, NDSHT v. Commission, EU:C:2010:701, C:2010:107, 169 368 C-69/10, Samba Diouf v. Ministre du Travail, de C-325/09, Dias, EU:C:2011:498, 477–8, 482 l’Emploi et de l’Immigration, EU:C:2011:524, C-331/09, Commission v. Poland, EU:C:2011:250, 991 301 C-338/09, Yellow Cab, EU:C:2010:814, 793 C-70/10, Scarlet Extended v. SABAM, EU:C:2011:255, C-348/09, PI, EU:C:2012:300, 518 Opinion of Advocate General Cruz Villalón, 257

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C-72/10 and C-77/10, Costa and Cifone, EU:C:2012:80, C-433/10, Philippe Bonnarde v. Agence de Services et 793, 839 de Paiement, EU:C:2011:641, 700–1, 724 C-94/10, Danfoss and Sauer-Danfoss v. C-434/10, Aladzhov, EU:C:2011:750, 519 Skatteministeriet, EU:C:2011:674, 319–20 C-456/10, ANETT, EU:C:2012:241, 701 C-120/10, European Air Transport v. Collège C-539/10 P and C-550/10 P, Stichting Al-aqsa v. d’Environnement de la Région de Bruxelles- Council, EU:C:2012:711, 114 Capitale and Région de Bruxelles-Capitale, EU: C-544/10, Deutsches Weintor, EU:C:2012:526, 269 C:2011:94, Opinion of Advocate General Cruz C-569/10, Commission v. Poland, EU:C:2013:425, 349 Villalón, 266 C-571/10, Kamberaj v. IPES, EU:C:2012:233, 260, C-124/10, Commission v. EDF, EU:C:2012:318, 555–6 982 C-577/10, Commission v. Belgium, EU:C:2012:814, C-148/10, DHL, EU:C:2011:654, 810 760 C-163/10, Patriciello, EU:C:2011:379, Opinion of C-584/10 P, C-593/10 P and C-595/10 P, Commission Advocate General Jääskinen, 266 and United Kingdom v. Kadi, EU:C:2013:518, 165, C-177/10, Santana v. Consejería de Justicia y 374–6 Administración Pública de la Junta de Andalucía, C-602/10, Volksbank Romania, EU:C:2012:443, 706, EU:C:2011:557, 301 741, 746–7 C-188–9/10, Melki and Abdeli, EU:C:2010:363, 175–6 C-603/10, Pelati, EU:C:2012:639, 301 C-209/10, Post Danmark A/S v. Konkurrencerådet, C-610/10, Commission v. Spain, EU:C:2012:781, 362 ECLI:EU:C:2012:172, 964 C-617/10, Åklagaren v. Fransson, EU:C:2013:105, 278 C-221/10 P, Artegodan v. Commission, EU: C-619/10, Trade Agency v. Seramico Investments, EU: C:2012:216, 165 C:2012:531, 266 C-282/10, Dominguez v. Centre informatique du C-628/10 P, Alliance One International v. Commission, Centre Ouest Atlantique and Préfet de la Région EU:C:2012:479, 921 Centre (CICOA), EU:C:2011:559, Opinion of T-96/10, Rütgers Germany v. ECHA, EU:T:2013:109, Advocate General Trstenjak, 266 368 C-282/10, Dominguez v. Centre informatique du T-262/10, Microban v. Commission, EU:T:2011:623, Centre Ouest Atlantique and Préfet de la Région 390 Centre (CICOA), EU:C:2012:33, 324 T-309/10, Klein v. Commission, EU:T:2014:19, 403 C-301/10, Commission v. United Kingdom, EU: T-333/10, ATC v. Commission, EU:T:2013:451, 402 C:2012:633, 346 T-339/10 and T-532/10, Cosepuri v. EFSA, EU: C-340/10, Commission v. Cyprus, EU:C:2012:143, 350 T:2013:38, 104 C-344/10, Parliament v. Council (Europol Third T-386/10, Dornbracht v. Commission, EU:T:2013:450, Country Agreements) EU:C:2015:579, 70 890–1 C-355/10, Parliament v. Council (Safe Countries of T-526/10, Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami (Seal Products), EU: Origin), EU:C:2012:516, 70, 369 T:2013:215, 640–1 C-357/10, Duomo, EU:C:2012:283, 761, 793 C-32/11, Allianz Hungária Biztosító v. Gazdasági C-364/10, Hungary v. Slovak Republic, EU: Versenyhivatal, EU:C:2013:160, 184 C:2012:630, 330, 516 C-34/11, Commission v. Portugal, EU:C:2012:712, 350 C-365/10, Commission v. Slovenia, EU:C:2011:183, C-40/11, IIDA v. Stadt Ulm, EU:C:2012:691, 504, 508, 350 509, 552 C-366/10, Air Transport Association of America v. C-457–60/11, VG Wort v. Kyocera, EU:C:2013:426, Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change, 309 EU:C:2011:864, 303 C-61/11 PPU, El Dridi, EU:C:2011:268, 550 C-378/10, VALE Építési kft, EU:C:2012:440, 813 C-73/11, Frucona v. Commission, EU:C:2013:32, 980 C-383/10, Commission v. Belgium, EU:C:2013:364, C-75/11, Commission v. Austria, EU:C:2012:605, 494 842 C-83/11, Secretary of State for the Home Department v. C-400/10 PPU, McB v. L.E., EU:C:2010:582, 265 Rahman, EU:C:2012:519, 503 C-411/10 and C-493/10, NS v. Secretary of State for C-96/11 P, Storck v. OHIM, EU:C:2012:537, 376 the Home Department; ME v. Refugee C-128/11, UsedSoft, EU:C:2012:407, 644 Applications Commissioner, EU:C:2011:865, 268, C-132/11, Tyrolean Airways v. Betriebsrat Bord, EU: 564 C:2012:329, 580 C-415/10, Galina Meister v. Speech Design Carrier C-137/11, Partena, EU:C:2012:593, 842 Systems GmbH, EU:C:2012:217, 593 C-146/11, Pimix, EU:C:2012:450, 213 C-416/10, Križan and Others v Slovenská inšpekcia C-147–8/11, Czop and Punakova, EU:C:2012:538, 477, životného prostredia, EU:C:2013:8, 174–5 783 C-424–5/10, Ziolkowski and Szeja v. Land Berlin, EU: C-152/11, Johann Odar v. Baxter Deutschland GmbH, C:2011:866, 477–8 EU:C:2012:772, 586

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C-152/11, Odar v. Baxter, EU:C:2012:772, 580 C-426/11, Alemo-Herron v. Parkwood Leisure, EU: C-171/11, Fra.Bo v. DVGW, EU:C:2012:453, 701, 710–11 C:2013:521, 264 C-172/11, Erny, EU:C:2014:157, 269, 805, 825 C-439/11 P, Ziegler v. Commission, EU:C:2013:513, 378 C-186/11, Stanleybet, EU:C:2012:582, Opinion of C-461/11, Radziejewski, EU:C:2012:704, 497 Advocate General Mazák, 760 C-470/11, Garkalns, EU:C:2012:505, 848 C-186/11, Stanleybet, EU:C:2013:33, 832 C-472/11, Banif Plus Bank v. Csipai, EU:C:2013:88, C-197/11, Libert, EU:C:2013:288, 825, 848 299 C-199/11, Commission v. Otis NV and Others, EU: C-475/11, Konstantinides, EU:C:2013:542, 746 C:2012:684, 912 C-501/11 P, Schindler Holding Ltd and Others v. C-202/11, Las v. PSA Antwerp, EU:C:2013:239, 220, Commission, EU:C:2013:522, 896, 921 791 C-514/11 P and C-605/11 P, LPN and Finland v. C-212/11, Jyske Bank, EU:C:2013:270, 755, 842 Commission, EU:C:2013:528, 108 C-229–30/11, Heimann v. Kaiser, EU:C:2012:693, 263 C-523/11, Prinz and Seeberger, EU:C:2013:524, 494 C-241/11, Commission v. Czech Republic, EU: C-526/11, Dereci, EU:C:2013:543, 511 C:2013:423, 362 C-529/11, Alarape, EU:C:2013:290, 504–5 C-251/11, Huet v. Université De Bretagne Occidentale, C-536/11, Bundeswettbewerbsbehörde v. Donau EU:C:2012:133, 169 Chemie AG and Others, EU:C:2013:366, 909, 913 C-260/11, Edwards and Pallikaropoulos, EU: C-539/11, Ottica, EU:C:2013:591, 793 C:2013:221, 269 C-544/11, Petersen, EU:C:2013:124, 806, 826 C-260/11, R v. Environment Agency, ex parte Edwards C-565/11, Irimie v. Administratia Finantelor Publice and Pallikaropoulos, EU:C:2013:221, 299 Sibiu, EU:C:2013:250, 301–2 C-270/11, Commission v. Sweden, EU:C:2013:339, C-573/11, Nasiopoulos, EU:C:2013:564, 800–1 363 C-577/11, DKV, EU:C:2013:146, 756 C.274/11 and C.295/11, Spain and Italy v. Council C-583/11 P, Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami v. Council, EU: (Unitary Patent), EU:C:2013:240, 139–40 C:2013:625, 389 C-277/11, M.M v. Minister for Justice, Equality and C-630–33/11 P, HGA and Others v. Commission, EU: Law Reform, EU:C:2012:744, 377 C:2013:387, 382 C-283/11, Sky Österreich v. Österreichischer Rundfunk, C-648/11, R v. Secretary of State for the Home EU:C:2013:28, 264 Department, ex parte MA, EU:C:2013:367, 264 C-300/11, ZZ v. Secretary of State for the Home C-660/11 and C-8/12, Biasci and Others, EU: Department, EU:C:2013:363, 298, 375–6 C:2013:550, 839 C-329/11, Achughbabian, EU:C:2011:807, 550 C-681/11, Bundeswettbewerbsbehörde and C-335/11 and C-337/11, HK Danmark, acting on behalf Bundeskartellanwalt v. Schenker & Co. AG and of Jette Ring v. Dansk almennyttigt Boligselskab Others, EU:C:2013:404, 909 and HK Danmark, acting on behalf of Lone 2011/T015 Sina Bank v. Council, T-15/11, EU: Skouboe Werge v. Dansk Arbejdsgiverforening T:2012:661, 400 acting on behalf of Pro Display A/S, EU: 2011/T093 Stichting Corporate Europe Observatory v. C:2013:222, 603–6 Commission, T-93/11, EU:T:2013:308, 382 C-356–7/11, O and S v. Maahanmuuttoverasto; 2011/T297 Buzzi Unicem v. Commission, T-297/11, Maahanmuuttoverasto v. L, EU:C:2012:776, EU:T:2014:122, 376 509–10 2011/T358 Italy v. Commission, T-358/11, EU: C-363/11, Elegktiko Sinedrio v. Ipourgeio Politismou T:2015:394, 381 kai Tourismou, Judgment of 19 December 2012, 2011/T384 Safa Nicu Sepahan v. Council, T-384/11, Opinion of Advocate General Sharpston, 581 EU:T:2014:986, 402 C-367/11, Prete, EU:C:2012:668, 493 2011/T496 United Kingdom v. ECB, T-496/11, EU: C-369/11, Commission v. Italy, EU:C:2013:636, 345 T:2015:133, 118, 142, 370–1, 388 C-374/11, Commission v. Ireland, EU:C:2012:827, 362 C-1/12, Ordem dos Técnicos Oﬁciais de Contas v. C-379/11, Caves Krier, EU:C:2012:798, 493 Autoridade da Concorrência, Judgment of 23 C-394/11, Valeri Hariev Belov v. CHEZ Elektro Balgaria February 2013, 926 AD and Others, EU:C:2012:585, Opinion of C-20/12 Giersch, EU:C:2013:411, 493 Advocate General Kokott, 579 C-43/12, Commission v. Parliament and Council C-399/11, Melloni v. Ministerio Fiscal, EU:C:2012:600, (Exchange of Data on Road Safety Offences), EU: Opinion of Advocate General Bot, 265 C:2014:298, 119 C-399/11, Melloni v. Ministerio Fiscal, EU:C:2013:107, C-46/12, LN v. Styrelsen for Videregående Uddannelser 206–7, 209, 217, 229, 263–4 og Uddannelsesstøtte, EU:C: 2013:97, 479, 491, C-415/11, Aziz v. Catalunyacaixa, EU:C:2013:164, 303 785, 786, 802 C-420/11, Leth v. Republik Österreich, EU:C:2013:166, C-47/12, Kronos, EU:C:2014:2200, 782, 811 319 C-57/12, Femarbel, EU:C:2013:171, 774

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C-81/12, Asociatia Accept v. Consiliul National pentru C-390/12, Pﬂeger, EU:C:2014:281, 839, Combaterea Discriminarii, EU:C:2013:275, 585, 594 843 C-84/12, Koushkaki, EU:C:2013:862, 542 C-394/12, Abdullahi, EU:C:2013:813, 564 C-86/12, Alokpa, EU:C:2013:645, 504, 508 C-400/12, M.G., EU:C:2014:9, 478, 518 C-87/12, Ymeraga and Others v. Ministre du Travail, C-417/12, Commission v. Parliament and Council, EU:C:2013:291, 279 EU:C:2014:170, 70 C-95/12, Commission v. Germany, EU:C:2013:676, 359 C-427/12, Commission v. Parliament and Council, EU: C-131/12, Google Spain v. AEPD, EU:C:2014:317, C:2014:170, 70–1 268–9, 274, 738 C-432/12, Reyes, EU:C:2013:719, 502–3 C-132/12 P, Stichting Woonpunt v. Commission, EU: C-456/12, O and B, EU:C:2014:135, 511–13 C:2014:100, 395 C-457/12, S and G, EU:C:2014:136, 506–7 C-140/12, Brey, EU:C:2013:565, 488, 489 C-483/12, Pelckmans Turnhout, EU:C:2014:304, 727, C-159/12, Venturini, EU:C:2013:791, 793 731, 738, 794 C-167/12, C-D. v. S.T., EU:C:2013:600, Opinion of C-501–6/12 and C-540–1/12, Specht and Others v. Advocate General Kokott, 604 Land Berlin, EU:C:2014:2005, 319 C-176/12, Association de Médiation Sociale v. Union C-507/12, Saint Prix, EU:C:2014:2007, 477 Locale des Syndicats CGT, EU:C:2014:2, 259–60 C-565/12, LCL Le Crédit Lyonnais, EU:C:2014:190, 214 C-179/12 P, Dow Chemical Company v. Commission, C-573/12, Ålands Vindkraft AB, EU:C:2014:2037, 700, EU:C:2013:605, 921 847, 851 C-180/12, Stoilov I Ko Eood v. Nachalnik Na Mitnitsa C-599/12, Jetair v. Fod Financiën, EU:C:2014:144, Stolichna, EU:C:2013:693, 188 114 C-186/12, Impacto Azul, EU:C:2013:412, 807 T-6/12, Godrej Industries v. Council, EU:T:2013:408, C-199–201/12, X, Y and Z, EU:C:2013:720, 547–8 378 C-220/12, Thiele Meneses, EU:C:2013:683, 494 T-12/12, Laboratoires CTRS v. Commission, C-233/12, Gardella v. INPSS, EU:C:2013:449, 264 EU:T:2012:343, 398–9 C-239/12 P, Abdulrahim v. Council and Commission, T-169/12, CHEMK v. Council, EU:T:2015:231, 377 EU:C:2013:331, 376 T-265/12, Schenker v. Commission, EU:T:2016:111, C‑262/12, Association Vent De Colère! Fédération 376 nationale and Others v Ministre de l’Écologie, du T-334/12, Plantavis v. Commission, EU: T:2015:376, Développement durable, des Transports et du 390 Logement and Ministre de l’Économie, des C-12–13/13 P, Bueno v. Commission, EU:C:2014:2284, Finances et de l’Industrie, EU:C:2013:851, 978–9 401 C-270/12, United Kingdom v. Parliament and Council, C-31/13 P, Hungary v. Commission, EU:C:2014:70, 368 EU:C:2014:18, 639, 643 C-34/13, Kušinová, EU:C:2014:2189, 268 C-275/12, Elrick, EU:C:2013:684, 494 C-37/13 P, Nexan v. Commission, EU:C:2014:2030, C-279/12, Fish Legal and Shirley v. Information 374 Commissioner, EU:C:2013:853, 306 C-49/13, MF 7 v. Mafra, EU:C:2013:767, 179 C-284/12, Deutsche Lufthansa AG v. Flughafen C-58–9/13, Torresi, EU:C:2014:2088, 802 Frankfurt-Hahn GmbH, EU:C:2013:755, 992–3 C-67/13 P, Groupement des cartes bancaires (CB) v. C-293/12 and C-594/12, Digital Rights Ireland v. Commission, EU:C:2014:2204, 939 Minister for Communications, Marine and Natural C-91/13, Essent, EU:C:2014:2206, 755 Resources and Kärntner Landesregierung and C-101/13, U, EU:C:2014:2249, 267 Others, EU:C:2014:238, 229, 268, 272 C-113/13, Spezzino, EU:C:2014:2440, 808, 767, 782 C-295/12 P, Telefónica SA and Telefónica de España v. C-127/13 P, Strack v. Commission, EU:C:2014:2250, Commission, EU:C:2014:2062, 260 104 C-340/12, United Kingdom v. Parliament and Council C-129–30/13, Kamino International Logistics and (ESMA), EU:C:2014:18, 81 Datema Hellmann Worldwide Logistics, EU: C-356/12, Wolfgang Glatzel v. Freistaat Bayern, EU: C:2014:2041, 377 C:2014:350, 580 C-156/13, Digibet, EU:C:2014:1756, 837–8 C-363/12, Z v. A Government Department, EU: C-196/13, Commission v. Italy, EU:C:2014:2407, 359, C:2014:159, 604 363 C-365/12 P, Commission v. ENBW, EU:C:2014:112, C-198/13, Hernández, EU:C:2014:2055, 279–80 107–8 C-202/13, Sean McCarthy, EU:C:2014:2450, 482 C-370/12, Pringle v Government of Ireland, EU: C-206/13, Siragusa, EU:C:2014:126, 278 C:2012:756, 62–3, 144, 678–9 C-212/13, Ryneš, EU:C:2014:2428, 268 C-374/12, Valimar v. Nachalnik Na Mitnitsa Varna, C-213/13, Impresa Pizzarotti, EU:C:2014:206, 197 EU:C:2014:2231, 183 C-244/13, Ogieriakhi v. Minister for Justice and C-378/12, Onuekwere, EU:C:2014:13, 478 Equality, EU:C:2014:2068, 319, 504

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C-249/13, Boudjlida v. Préfet des Pyrénées- Customs; Puma v. Hauptzollamt Nürnberg, EU: Atlantiques, EU:C:2014:2431, 377 C:2016:74, 116 C-270/13, Haralambidis, EU:C:2014:2185, 861 C-667/13, Estado Português v. Banco Privado C-293/13 P, Fresh Del Monte v. Commission, EC: Português, EU:C:2015:151, 118 C:2015:416, 933 2013/T219 Ferracci v. Commission, T-219/13, EU: C-316/13, Fenoll v. Centre d’aide par le travail ‘La T:2016:485, 390 Jouvene,’ EU:C:2015:200, 272, 319 T-355/13, EasyJet Airline v. Commission, EU: C-333/13, Dano, EU:C:2014:2358, 490–1 T:2015:36, 378, 880 C-340/13, bpost v. IBTT, EU:C:2015:77, 380 T-424/13, Jinan Meide Casting v. Council, EU: C-354/13, Fag og Arbejde (FOA), acting on behalf of T:2016:378, 381 Karsten Kaltoft v. Kommunernes Landsforening T-429/13 and T-451/13, Bayer CropScience and (KL), EU:C:2014:2463, 580, 604 Syngenta Crop Protection v. Commission, EU: C-359/13, Martens, EU:C:2015:118, 493–4 T:2018:280, 390 C-377/13, Ascendi v. Autoridade Tributária E T-546/13, Šumelj v. Commission, EU:T:2016:107, 401 Aduaneira, EU:C:2014:1754, 178 T-584/13, BASF Agro v. Commission, EU:T:2018:279, C-378/13, Commission v. Greece, EU:C:2014:2405, 386 81, 395 C-383/13 PPU, M.G and N.R. v. Staatssecretaris van T-680/13, Chrysostomides & Co. v. Council, EU: Veiligheid en Justitie, EU:C:2013:533, 376 T:2018:486, 260, 382 C-409/13, Council v. Commission, (Macroﬁnancial C-5/14, Kernkraftwerke Lippe-Ems v. Hauptzollamt Assistance to Third Countries) EU:C:2015:217, 73, Osnabrück, C-5/14, EU:C:2015:354, 176 123 C-19/14, Talasca, EU:C:2014:2049, 170 C-410/13, ‘Baltlanta’ v. Lietuvos valstybe, EU: C-23/14, Post Danmark A/S v. Konkurrencerådet, EU: C:2014:2134, 313 C:2015:651, 964–5 C-416/13, Mario Vital Pérez v. Ayuntamiento de C-25/14, UNIS, EU:C:2015:821, 744 Oviedo, EU:C:2014:2371, 591 C-43/14, ŠKO-Energo v. Odvolací ﬁnanèní øeditelství, C-433/13, Commission v. Slovak Republic, EU: EU:C:2015:120, 212 C:2015:602, 348, 350 C-44/14, Spain v. Parliament and Council, EU: C-456/13 P, T & L Sugars Ltd and Sidul Açúcares, C:2015:554, 531 Unipessoal Lda v European Commission, EU: C-62/14, Gauweiler and Others v. Deutscher C:2015:284, 391–3 Bundestag, EU:C:2015:400, 233, 679–80, 688–9 C-469/13, Tahir v. Ministero dell’Interno, EU: C-67/14, Alimanovic, EU:C:2015:597, 480, 489–90 C:2014:2094, 552 C-69/14, Târșia v Statul român and Serviciul Public C-508/13, Estonia v. Parliament and Council, EU: Comunitar Regim Permise de Conducere si C:2015:403, 261, 384–5 Inmatriculare a Autovehiculelor, EU:C:2015:662, C-512/13, Sopora, EU:C:2015:108, 806 197 C-518/13, Eventech Ltd v. The Parking Adjudicator, C-71/14, East Sussex Council, EU:C:2015:656, 269 EU:C:2015:9, 978–9 C-72/14 and C-197/14, X and Van Dijk, EU: C-549/13, Bundesdruckerei GmbH v. Stadt Dortmund, C:2015:319, 191–4, 195 EU:C:2014:2235, 755 C-72/14 and C-197/14, X and Van Dijk, EU: C-554/13, Z. Zh. v Staatssecretaris van Veiligheid en C:2015:319, Opinion of Advocate General Wahl, Justitie and Staatssecretaris van Veiligheid en 192 Justitie v I. O, EU:C:2015:377, 549 C-74/14, ‘Eturas’ UAB and Others v. Lietuvos C-555/13, Merck Canada v. Accord Healthcare, EU: Respublikos konkurencijos taryba, EU:C:2016:42, C:2014:92, 178 931 C-562/13, Abdida, EU:C:2014:2453, 268 C-83/14, CHEZ Razpredelenie Bulgaria AD v. Komisia C-562/13, Centre public d’action sociale d’Ottignies- za zashtita ot diskriminatsia, EU:C:2015:480, 269, Louvain-la-Neuve v. Abdida, EU:C:2014:2453, 549 596, 598 C-580/13, Coty Germany v. Stadtsparkasse C-88/14, Commission v. Parliament and Council, EU: Magdeburg, EU:C:2015:243, Opinion of Advocate C:2015:49, 70 General Cruz Villalón, 257 C-98/14, Berlington Hungary, EU:C:2015:386, 832, C-583/13 P, Deutsche Bahn v. Commission, EU: 837 C:2015:404, 884–5 C-105/14, Criminal proceedings against Ivo Taricco C-593/13, Rina Services, EU:C:2015:399, 777, 817 and Others, EU:C:2015:555, 230–1 C-612/13 P, ClientEarth v. Commission, EU: C-146/14 PPU, Mahdi, EU:C:2014:1320, 168 C:2015:486, 353–4 C-151/14, Commission v. Latvia, EU:C:2015:577, 862 C-650/13, Delvigne, EU:C:2015:648, 267, 519–20 C-158/14, A and Others, EU:C:2017:202, 183 C-659/13 and C-34/14, A & J Clark International v. C-160/14, Ferreira Da Silva E Brito and Others v. Commissioners for Her Majesty’s Revenue & Portugal, EU:C:2015:390, 194, 195

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C-165/14, Rendon Marin, EU:C:2016:675, 508 C-540/14 P, DK Recycling und Roheisen v. C-168/14, Italevesa, EU:C:2015:685, 793 Commission, EU:C:2016:469, 69–70 C-169/14, Morcillo and García, EU:C:2014:2099, 267 C-542/14, SIA ‘VM Remonts,’ formerly SIA ‘DIV un C-179/14, Commission v. Hungary, EU:C:2016:108, KO’ and SIA ‘Ausma grupa’ v. Konkurences 777 padome, EU:C:2016:578, 934–5 C-194/14 P, AC-Treuhand AG v. Commission, EU: C-542/14, VM Remonts v. Konkurences padome, EU: C:2015:717, 931, 935 C:2016:578, 920 C-203/14, Consorci Sanitari Del Maresme v. Corporació C-547/14, Philip Morris, EU:C:2016:325, 639 De Salut Del Maresme I La Selva, EU:C:2015:664, C-554/14, Ognyanov, EU:C:2016:835, 312, 325, 381 178 C-557/14, Commission v. Portugal, EU:C:2016:471, C-218/14, Kuldip Singh, EU:C:2015:476, 481, 504 386 C-233/14, C v. Netherlands, EU:C:2016:396, 491 C-558/14, Khachab v. Subdelegación del Gobierno en C-233/14, Commission v. Netherlands, EU:C:2016:396, Álava, EU:C:2016:285, 557 494, 516 C-562/14 P, Sweden and Spirlea v. Commission, EU: C-286/14, Parliament v. Council, (Connecting Europe C:2017:356, 108, 355 Facility) EU:C:2016:183, 71 C-614/14, Ogyanov, EU:C:2016:514, 168 C-290/14, Celaj, EU:C:2015:640, 551 T-76/14, Morningstar v. Commission, EU:T:2016:481, C-293/14, Hiebler, EU:C:2015:843, 862 895 C-304/14, CS, EU:C:2016:674, 515 T-88/14, Sekula Aćimović v Slovenia and Deželna C-308/14, Commission v. United Kingdom, EU: banka Slovenije, EU:T:2014:156, 165 C:2016:436, 482 T-138/14, Chart v. EEAS, EU:T:2015:981, 402 C-317/14, Commission v. Belgium, EU:C:2015:63, 791 T-189/14, Deza v. Echa, EU:T:2017:4, 104 C-333/14, Scotch Whisky, EU:C:2015:845, 701, 730, T-205/14, Schroeder v. Council and Commission, EU: 828, 841–2 T:2015:673, 404 C-340–1/14, Trijber and Harmsen, EU:C:2015:641, 817 T-512/14, Green Source Poland v. Commission, EU: C-342/14, X-Steuerberatungsgesellschaft v. Finanzamt T:2017:299, 391 Hannover-Nord, EU:C:2015:827, 755, 774, 798 T-548/14, Spain v. Commission, EU:T:2016:739, 381 C-345/14, SIA Maxima Latvija v. Konkurences T-721/14, Belgium v. Commission, EU:T:2015:829, 368 padome, EU:C:2015:784, 940–1 T-787/14 P, ECB v. Cerafogli, EU:T:2016:633, 399 C-362/14, Schrems v. Data Protection Commissioner, T-817/14, Zoofachhandel Züpke and Others v. EU:C:2015:650, 185, 268 Commission, EU:T:2016:157, 261, 402 C-413/14 P, Intel Corporation Inc. v. Commission, EU: T-828–9/14, Antrax It v. EUIPO, EU:T:2017:87, 399 C:2017:632, 965–6 2015/008 Ledra Advertising, C-8–10/15 P, EU: C-425/14, Impresa Edilux and SICEF, EU:C:2015:721, C:2016:701, 63 267 2015/015 New Valmar, C-15/15, EU:C:2016:464, 732 C-428/14, DHL Express (Italy) Srl and Others v. 2015/015 Samira Achbita, Center for Equal Autorità Garante della Concorrenza e del mercato, Opportunities and Opposition to Racism v. G4S EU:C:2016:27, 118, 892, 907 Secure Solutions NV, C-157/15, EU:C:2017:203, C-438/14, Bogendorff von Wolfersdorff, EU: 600, 602, 586–9, 605–6 C:2016:401, 485, 496–7 2015/015 Samira Achbita, Center for Equal C-438/14, von Wolffersdorff v. Standesamt der Stadt Opportunities and Opposition to Racism v. G4S Karlsruhe, EU:C:2016:401, 220 Secure Solutions NV, C-157/15, EU:C:2016:382, C-441/14, Dansk Industri (DI), acting on behalf of Ajos Opinion of AG Kokott, 589 A/S v. Estate of Karsten Eigil Rasmussen, EU: C-42/15, Home Credit Slovak Republic, EU: C:2016:278, 235, 311–12, 579 C:2016:842, 790 C-465/14, Wieland, EU:C:2016:820, 477 C-45/15 P, Safa Nicu Sepahan v. Council, EU: C-477/14, Pillbox 38, EU:C:2016:324, 639 C:2017:402, 403 C-486/14, Kossowski, EU:C:2016:483, 376 C-46/15, Ambisig v. AICP, EU:C:2016:530, 319 C-505/14, Klausner Holz Niedersachsen v. Land C-48/15, NN, EU:C:2016:356, 738 Nordrhein-westfalen, EU:C:2015:742, 197 C-51/15, Remondis v. Region Hannover, EU: C-515/14, Commission v. Cyprus, EU:C:2016:30, 790 C:2016:985, 220 C-525/14, Commission v. Czech Republic, EU: C-72/15, R v. HM Treasury, ex parte Rosneft, EU: C:2016:714, 333 C:2017:236, 162, 183, 185, 375 C-526/14, Kotnik and Others v Državni zbor Republike C-105–109/15 P, Mallis and Others v. Commission and Slovenije, EU:C:2016:570, 382 ECB, EU:C:2016:702, 367 C-526/14, Kotnik and Others v Državni zbor Republike C-115/15, NA, EU:C:2016:487, 504 Slovenije, EU:C:2016:102, Opinion of Advocate C-133/15, Chavez-Vilchez, EU:C:2017:354, 508, General Wahl, 1001–2 510

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C-148/15, Deutsche Parkinson, EU:C:2016:776, 701, C-413/15, Farrell v. Whitty, EU:C:2017:745, 306, 311, 730 342 C-162/15 P, Evonik Degussa GmbH v. European C-430/15, Secretary of State for Work and Pensions v. Commission, EU:C:2017:205, 887 Tolley, EU:C:2017:74, 169 C-168/15, Tomášová, EU:C:2016:602, 322 C-433/15, Commission v. Italy, EU:C:2017:552, C-169/15, Montis Design v. Goossens Meubelen, EU: Opinion of Advocate General Sharpston, 343 C:2016:383, Opinion of Advocate General Campos C-434/15, Asociación Profesional Elite Taxi v Uber Sánchez-bordona, 168 Systems S, EU:C:2017:364, Opinion of Advocate C-178/15, Sobczyszyn v. Szkola Podstawowa w General Szpunar , 774 Rzeplinie, EU:C:2016:502, 271–2, 274 C-434/15, Asociación Profesional Elite Taxi v Uber C-182/15, Petruhnin, EU:C:2016:630, 485 Systems S, EU:C:2017:981, 783 C-184/15 and C-197/15, Martínez Andrés v. Vasco de C-443/15, Parris v. Trinity College Dublin and Others, Salud; López v. Ayuntamiento de Vitoria, EU: EU:C:2016:897, 613 C:2016:680, 298 C-464/15, Admiral Casinos, EU:C:2016:500, 828, 843 C-188/15, Asma Bougnaoui and Association de C-488/15, Commission v. Bulgaria, EU:C:2017:267, défense des droits de l’homme (ADDH) v. 350 Micropole SA, EU:C:2016:553, Opinion of AG C-491/15 P, Typke v. Commission, EU:C:2017:5, 104 Sharpston, 589, 600 C-496/15, Eschenbrenner, EU:C:2017:152, 806 C-188/15, Asma Bougnaoui and Association de C-503/15, Panicello v. Martínez, EU:C:2017:126, 179 défense des droits de l’homme (ADDH) v. C-521/15, Spain v. Council, EU:C:2017:982, 378, 676 Micropole SA, EU:C:2017:204, 591–2 C-528/15, Al Chodor, EU:C:2017:213, 572 C-201/15, AGET Iraklis v. Ypourgos Ergasias, EU: C-541/15, Freitag, EU:C:2017:432, 485, 496 C:2016:972, 280, 796, 799, 847 C-557/15, Commission v. Malta, EU:C:2017:613, C-203/15 and C-698/15, Tele2 Sverige v. Post-och Opinion of Advocate General Sharpston, 345 telestyrelsen; Secretary of State for the Home C-566/15, Erzberger, EU:C:2017:562, 805 Department v. Watson and Others, EU: C-574/15, Scialdone, EU:C:2018:295, 214 C:2016:970, 268 C-593/15 P, Slovak Republic v. Commission, EU: C-218/15, Paoletti, EU:C:2016:748, 279 C:2017:800, 368 C-237/15 PPU, Lanigan, EU:C:2015, 268 C-596–7/15 P, Bionorica and Diapharm v. C-238/15, Verruga, EU:C:2016:949, 493 Commission, EU:C:2017:886, 398 C-250/15, Vivium, EU:C:2015:569, 170 C-643/15 and C-647/15, Slovak Republic and Hungary C-258/15, Gorka Salaberria Sorondo v. Academia v. Council, EU:C:2017:631, 53, 387–8, 562 Vasca de Policía y Emergencias, EU:C:2016:873, C-668/15, Jyske Finans A/S v. Ligebehandlingsnævnet 591 (Danish Equality Board), EU:C:2017:278, 598–600 C-274/15, Commission v. Luxembourg, EU:C:2017: C-682/15, Berlioz Investment Fund v. Directeur de 333, 333 l’administration des contributions directes, EU: C-283/15, X, EU:C:2017:102, 806 C:2017:373, 376 C-316/15, Hemming, EU:C:2016:879, 817 C-687/15, Commission v. Council (World C-327/15, TDC v. Teleklagenævnet, EU:C:2016:974, Radiocommunication Conference), EU: 301 C:2017:803, 60–1 C-337/15 P, European Ombudsman v. Staelen, C-695/15 P, Czech Republic v. Commission, EU: EU:C:2017:256, 378 C:2017:595, 70–1 C-337/15 P, Ombudsman v. Staelens, EU:C:2017:256, T-40/15, ASPLA and Armando Álvarez v. European 403 Union, EU:T:2017:105, 378 C-339/15, Vanderborght, EU:C:2016:660, Opinion of T-136/15, Evropaïki Dynamiki v. Parliament, EU: Advocate General Bot, 758 T:2017:915, 104 C-339/15, Vanderborght, EU:C:2017:335, T-235/15, Pari Pharma v. EMA, EU:T:2018:65, 108 738 T-283/15, Esso Rafﬁnage v. ECHA, EU:T:2018:263, 368 C-360/15 and C-31/16, Visser Vastgoed, EU: T-286/15, KF v. European Union Centre, EU: C:2017:397, Opinion of Advocate General T:2018:718, 399 Szpunar, 773, 776–7 T-344/15, France and Czech Republic v. Commission, C-360/15 and C-31/16, Visser Vastgoed, EU: EU:T:2017:250, 109 C:2018:44, 731, 738, 818 T-540/15, De Capitani v. Parliament, EU:T:2018:167, C-379/15, Association France Nature Environnement 86, 127–8 v. Premier Ministre, EU:C:2016:603, 194 T-673/15, Guardian Europe v. European Union, EU: C-392/15, Commission v. Hungary, EU:C:2017:73, 862 T:2017:377, 403 C-397/15, RPO, EU:C:2017:174, 130 T-692/15, HTTS Hanseatic Trade Trust & Shipping v. C-401/15, Depesme, EU:C:2016:955, 503–4 Council, EU:T:2017:890, 402

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T-755/15, Luxembourg v Commission, (pending), 985 2016/414 Egenberger v. Evangelisches Werk für T-759/15, Fiat Chrysler Finance Europe v Commission, Diakonie und Entwicklung eV, C-414/16, EU: (pending), 985 C:2018:257, 250, 261–2, 266, 269, 324–6, 379, C-9/16, A, EU:C:2017:483, 538–9 581, 601–2, 579 C-16/16 P, Belgium v. Commission, EU:C:2018:79, 368 C-419/16, Federspiel, EU:C:2017:677, Opinion of C-44/16 P, Dyson v. Commission, EU:C:2017:357, 70, Advocate General Wahl, 790 369 C-419/16, Federspiel, EU:C:2017:997, 825 C-49/16, Unibet Hungary, EU:C:2017:491, 847–8 C-423/16 P, HX v. Council, EU:C:2017:848, 376 C-52/16 and C-113/16, SEGRO, EU:C:2018:157, 176i, C-426/16, Liga van Moskeeën en Islamitische 660 Organisaties Provincie Antwerpen v. Vlaams C-57/16 P, ClientEarth v. Commission, EU:C:2018:660, Gewest, EU:C:2018:335, 253, 260 104 C-442/16, Gusa, EU:C:2017:1004, 477 C-64/16, Associação Sindical dos Juízes Portugueses v. C-449/16, Martinez Silva v. INPS, EU:C:2017:485, Tribunal de Contas, EU:C:2018:117, 179, 217, 251, 554 297–8 C-451/16, MB v. Secretary of State for Work and C-82/16, K.A. and Others, EU:C:2018:308, 509–10, 549 Pensions, EU:C:2018:492, 265 C-101/16, SC Paper Consult SRL v Direcţia Regională a C-473/16, F v Bevándorlási és Állampolgársági Finanţelor Publice Cluj-Napoca and Administraţia Hivatal, EU:C:2018:36, 257–8 Judeţeană a Finanţelor Publice BistriţaNăsăud, C-516/16, Erzeugerorganisation Tiefkühlgemüse v. EU:C:2017:775, 348 Agrarmarkt Austria, EU:C:2017:101, 382 C-106/16, Polbud, EU:C:2017:804, 813 C-518/16, ZPT v. Narodno Sabranie Na Republika C-135/16, Georgsmarienhütte v. Germany, EU: Bulgaria, EU:C:2018:126, 190 C:2018:582, 183 C-540/16, ‘Spika’ UAB, EU:C:2018:565, 262, 280 C-165/16, Lounes, EU:C:2017:862, 474, 487, 511, C-547/16, Gasorba SL v. Repsol, EU:C:2017:891, 895 513–15, 524 C-564/16 P, EUIPO v. Puma, EU:C:2018:509, 272 C-181/16, Gnandi, EU:C:2018:465, 549 C-574/16, Grupo Norte Facility v. Gómez, EU: C-184/16, Petrea, EU:C:2017:684, 482–3 C:2018:390, 325 C-191/16, Pisciotti, EU:C:2018:222, 485 C-575/16, Commission v. Czech Republic, EU: C-193/16, E, EU:C:2017:542, 518 C:2018:186, 862 C-230/16, Coty Germany GmbH v Parfümerie Akzente C-578/16 PPU, C- K. and Others, EU:C:2017:127, 265, GmbH, EU:C:2017:941, 949 268, 564–5 C-266/16, R v. HM Commissioners for Her Majesty’s C-585/16, Alheto v. Zamestnik-predsedatel na Revenue and Customs, ex parte Western Sahara Darzhavna agentsia za bezhantsite, EU: Campaign UK, EU:C:2018:118, 418 C:2018:584, 567 C-276/16, Prequ’ Italia v. Agenzia delle Dogane e dei C-638/16 PPU, X and Y, EU:C:2017:173, 542 Monopoli, EU:C:2017:1010, 377 C-646/16, Jafari, EU:C:2017:586, 561–2 C-283/16, M.S. v. P.S., EU:C:2017:104, 114 C-652/16, Ahmedbekova v. Zamestnik-predsedatel na C-284/16, Slovak Republic v. Achmea, EU:C:2018:158, Darzhavna agentsia za bezhantsite, EU: 172–4, 178, 217, 251, 418 C:2018:801, 567 C-298/16, Ispas v. Directia Generala, EU:C:2017:843, C-673/16, Coman, Hamilton and Asociaþia Accept v. 261 Inspectoratul General pentru Imigrãri, EU: C-306/16, Marques da Rosa v. Varzim Sol, EU: C:2018:385, 220–2, 265, 500–2, 513 C:2017:844, 264 T-151/16, NC v. Commission, EU:T:2017:437, 272 C-316/16, B, EU:C:2018:256, 518 T-193/16, NG v. European Council, EU:T:2017:129, C-328/16, Commission v. Greece, EU:C:2018:98, 359, 545 386 T-325/16, Ceske drahy v. Commission, EU:T:2018:368, 2016/331 K, C-331/16, EU:C:2018:296, 517 272 C-336/16, Commission v. Poland, EU:C:2018:94, 351 T-639/16 P, FV v. Council, EU:T:2018:22, 272 2016/348 Sacko v. Commissione Territoriale per il T-653/16, Malta v. Commission, EU:T:2018:241, 104 riconoscimento della protezione internazionale di T-852/16, Access Info Europe v. Commission, EU: Milano, C-348/16, EU:C:2017:591, 265, 567 T:2018:71, 106–7 C-353/16, MP v. Secretary of State for the Home T-873/16, Groupe Canal + v. European Commission, Department, EU:C:2018:276, 265, 268, 549 (pending), 895 C-404/16, Lombard Ingatlan Lízing v. Nemzeti Adó- és C-3/17, Sporting Odds, EU:C:2018:130, 843 Vámhivatal Fellebbviteli Igazgatóság, EU: C-14/16, Euro Park Service v. Ministre des Finances et C:2017:759, 294 des Comptes publics, EU:C:2017:177, 300i, 325 C-409/16, Ypourgos Esoterikon e Ypourgos Ethnikis C-17/17, Grenville Hampshire v. The Board of the paideias kai Thriskevmaton v. Maria-Eleni Kalliri, Pension Protection Fund, EU:C:2018:674, EU:C:2017:767, 586 318

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C-31/17, Cristal Union v. Ministre de l’Économie et des European Court of Human Rights Finances, EU:C:2018:168, 294 C-39/17, Lubrizol France v. Caisse nationale du Régime Campbell and Cosans v. United Kingdom (1982) 4 social des indépendants participations extérieures, EHRR 293, 600 EU:C:2018:438, 425 Eweida and Others v. United Kingdom [2013] ECHR 37, C-42/17, M.A.S. and M.B. (Taricco II), EU:C:2017:936, 580 206, 231 Funke v. France [1993] 16 EHRR 297, 882 C-45/17, Jahin v. Ministre de l’Économie et des Hämäläinen v. Finland, CE: Finances, EU:C:2018:18, 660 ECHR:2014:0716JUD003735909, 265 C-59/17, Château du Grand Bois SC v. Etablissement Janssen Cilag SAS v. France, No. 33931/12 judgment national des produits de l’agriculture et de la mer, of 13 April 2017, 884 EU:C:2018:641, 261 Kokkanikis v. Greece (1994) 17 EHRR 397, 600 C-68/17, IR v. JQ, EU:C:2018:696, 601 Menarini Diagnostics v. Italy (Application no. 43509/ C-76/17, Petrotel-Lukoil v. Ministerul Economie, EU: 08), Judgment of 27 September 2011, 896 C:2018:139, 302 Niemetz v. Germany [1993] 16 EHRR 97, 884 C-89/17 Banger, EU:C:2018:570, 503, 512 Orﬁnger v. Belgium [2000] 1 CMLR 612 (Belgium), 225 C-97/17, Commission v. Bulgaria, EU:C:2018:285, 348 Saunders v. United Kingdom (1997) 23 EHRR 313, 882 C-102/17, Secretaria Regional De Saude Dos Acores, Société Colas Est and Others v. France (2004) 39 EHRR EU:C:2018:294, 179 17, 884 C-120/17, Administrativa rajona tiesa v. Ministru Veeber v. Estonia (No. 1) [2004] 39 EHRR, 884 kabinets, EU:C:2018, 382 C-122/17, Smith v. Meade, EU:C:2018:631, 309 EFTA Court of Justice C-180/17, X and Y, EU:C:2018:775, 549 C-207/17, Blaas v. Agenzia delle Dogane e dei Case E-9/97, Erla María Sveinbjörnsdóttir v. Monopoli, EU:C:2018:840, 379 Government of Iceland [1998] EFTA Ct Rep 95, C-300/17, Hochtief v. Budapest Fõváros 439–41 Önkormányzata, EU:C:2018:635, 197, 298 Case E-1/07, A [2007] EFTA Ct Rep 246, 441–2 C-335/17, Valcheva v. Babanarakis, EU:C:2018:359, 181 Case E-5/07, Private Barnehagers Landsforbund v. C-404/17, A v. Migrationsverke, EU:C:2018:588, 568 EFTA Surveillance Authority, Judgment of 21 C-441/17, Commission v. Poland, EU:C:2018:255, 351 February 2008, 742 C-571/17 PPU, Ardic, EU:C:2017:1026, 265 C-575/17, Soﬁna and Others v. Ministre de l’Action et des Comptes publics, EU:C:2018:943, 660 World Trade Organization C-724/17 P Skanska Industrial Solutions and Others, – (pending), 911 China Measures Affecting Trading Rights and C-220/18 PPU, ML, EU:C:2018:589, 268 Distribution Services for Certain Publications and Audiovisual Entertainment Products, WT/DS363/ AB/R, 21 December 2009, 457 European Court of Justice: opinions United States – Import Prohibition of Certain Shrimp and Shrimp Products, WT/DS58/AB/R, 12 October 1/91 European Economic Area (EEA) Treaty [1991] ECR 1998, 457 I-6079, 233 United States – Measures Affecting the Cross-Border 2/94, Accession of the Community to the ECHR, EU: Supply of Gambling and Betting Services, WT/ C:1996:140, 369 DS285/AB/R, 7 April 2005, 460 2/13, Accession to the European Convention for the United States – Measures Concerning the Importation, Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Marketing and Sale of Tuna and Tuna Products, – – Freedoms, EU:C:2014:2454, 170 4, 251 2 WT/DS381/ AB/R, 16 May 2012, 457

European Ombudsman National Courts Decision of the European Ombudsman closing his inquiry into complaint 1947/2010/PB against the Austria European Commission, 26 September 2013, 355 Decision of the European Ombudsman on complaint Connect Austria, VfSlg 15.427/1999, 225 995/98/OV against the European Commission, 31 Data Retention Law, G 47/2012, Judgment of 27 June January 2001 (Macedonian Metro), 356 2014 (Constitutional Court), 229

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EU Charter of Fundamental Rights, U 466/11-18 and U IHT v. Einfuhr ynd Vorratsstelle für Getreide aund 1836/11-13, Judgment of 14 March 2012 Futtermittel [1974] 2 CMLR 540, 227 (Constitutional Court), 228 PSPP, 2BvR 859/15, Order of 15 August 2017 (Constitutional Court), 44 Belgium Treaty of Lisbon, 2 BvE 2/08, Judgment of 30 June 2009, 36–7, 90, 95, 225–7, 235–7, 240–1, Human Rights League, Case 62/16, Judgment of 28 243 April 2016 (Constitutional Court), 225, 237 Value Added Tax Directives, Re [1982] 1 CMLR 427, 206 Czech Republic Wünsche Handelsgesellschaft [Solange II] [1987] 3 CMLR 225, 228–9 Czech Sugar Quotas, Re [2006] 3 CMLR 15, 225 Slovak Pensions, Pl. ÚS 5/12, Judgment of 31 January Hungary 2012 (Constitutional Court), 180, 233–4 Treaty of Lisbon II, Pl. ÚS 29/09, Judgment of 3 Interpretation of Article E(2) of the Fundamental Law, November 2009 (Constitutional Court), 228 Decision 22/2016, Judgment of 30 November 2016 (Constitutional Court), 237–40 Denmark Ireland Carlsen v. Rasmussen [1999] 3 CMLR 854, 225 Dansk Industri acting for Ajos vs. Estate of A, Case no. Crotty v. An Taoiseach [1987] IR 713 (Ireland, 225 15/2014, Judgment of 6 December (Danish Supreme Court), 180, 235 Italy Treaty of Maastricht, UfR (1998) 800, 25 Admenta and Others v. Federfarma [2006] 2 CMLR 47 Estonia (Italy, 225 Frontini v. Ministero Delle Finanze [1974] 2 CMLR 372, Request of the Chancellor of Justice to declare Article 4 206, 227–8 (4) of the Treaty establishing the European Judgment 269 of 2017, 18 December 2017, Stability Mechanism in conflict with the (Constitutional Court), 231 Constitution, Case 3–4-1–6-12, Judgment of 12 Order 24 of 2017, 26 January 2017 (Constitutional July 2012 (Estonia), 225 Court), 230–1 France Latvia Minister of the Interior v. Cohn-Bendit [1980] 1 CMLR Ratification of the Lisbon Treaty [2010] 1 CMLR 42, 543, 206, 304 225 Ratification of the Lisbon Treaty [2010] 2 CMLR 26 (Constitutional Council), 225, 228 Netherlands Treaty on European Union, Re, (Decision 92-308), JORF 1992, No. 5354, 25 College van Beroep voor het bedrijfsleven, 12–08- 2010, AWB 06/657, 06/660 en 06/661, ECLI:NL: Germany CBB:2010:BN3895, 930 Value Added Tax Directives, Re [1982] 1 CMLR 527, Brunner v. European Union Treaty [1994] 1 CMLR 57, 304 225, 322 Counterterrorism Database, 1 BvR 1215/07, Judgment Poland of 24 April 2013, 278 ESM Treaty (Temporary Injunctions), 2 BvR 1390/12, Polish Membership of the European Union (Accession Judgment of 12 September 2012 (Constitutional Treaty), K 18/04, Judgment of 11 May 2005 Court), 241–3 (Polish, 225 ESM/OMT I, 2 BvR 2728/13, Judgment of 14 January Regulation 44/2001 on jurisdiction and the recognition 2014 (Constitutional Court), 44, 233, 237, 679, and enforcement of judgments, SK 45/09, 688–90 Judgment of 16 November 2011 (Polish H., Re, 2 BvR 157/17, Judgment of 8 May 2017 Constitutional Tribunal), 230 (Constitutional Court), 565 Treaty of Lisbon, K 32/09, Judgment of 24 November Honeywell, 2 BvR 2661/06, Judgment of 6 July 2010, 2010, 225 232–3

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Slovenia McCutcheon v. HMA [2002] SLT 27, 199 Pham v. Secretary of State for the Home Department Rules on the Quality Labelling and Packaging of [2015] UKSC 19, 180, 234–5 Feeding Stuffs, U-1–113/04, Judgment of 7 Porcelli v. Strathclyde Regional Council [1986] ICR February 2007, 225 564, 590 R (on the Application of BAA) v. HM Treasury [2002] Spain EWHC 926 (Admin), 991 R v.Secretary of State for Employment, ex parte EOC EU Constitutional Treaty and the Spanish Constitution, [1994] 1 All ER 910, 583 Re [2005] 1 CMLR 981, 225 R v.Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union, Melloni v. Ministerio Fiscal, STC 26/2014, Judgment of ex parte Miller and another [2017] UKSC 5, 47 13 February 2014 (Constitutional Tribunal), 229 R v Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Treaty on European Union, Re [1994] 3 CMLR 101, 25 Affairs, ex parte Rees-Mogg [1994] QB 552, 25 R v. Secretary of State for the Home Department, ex United Kingdom parte Adam (2006) 1 AC 396, 570 Walker v. Innospec Ltd and Others [2017] UKSC 47, Benkharbouche v. Secretary of State for Foreign and 624 Commonwealth Affairs; Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs and Libya v. Janah [2017] UKSC 62, 283 United States Crehan v. Inntrepreneur [2004] EWCA Civ 637; Brunswick Corp. v. Pueblo Bowl-O-Mat, Inc. 429 US Inntrepreneur Pub Company (CPC) and Others v. 477 (1977), 873 Crehan [2006] UKHL 38, 910 Meritor Savings Bank v. Vinston 477 US 57 (1986), 590 Garden Cottage Foods v. Milk Marketing Board [1984] Verizon v. Trinko, 540 US 398 (2004), 873 AC 130, 911

Table of Treaties, Instruments and Legislation

Treaties and Analogous Instruments

Acts of Accession Basel Agreement (1972), 658 Austria, 27 Community Charter of Fundamental Social Rights of Bulgaria, 27, 662 Workers, 273 Croatia, 27, 36, 531, 662 Constitutional Treaty (CT), 29–31, 93 Cyprus, 27 Art. I–3–2 Czech Republic, 27, 662, 905 Art. I-13, 216 Protocol 7 on abortion in Malta Art. II-94 Denmark, 17, 235 Constitutional Treaty (draft) (DCT) Estonia, 27 Art. 23(1), 216 Finland, 27 Convention Relating to Certain Institutions Common to Greece, 18, 27 the European Communities Hungary, 27 Treaty establishing the European Stability Iceland, 17, 27 Mechanism signed on 2 February 2012 Ireland, 17, 27 (ESM), 40–3, 62–4, 241–3, 367, 665, 677–80, Malta, 17, 27 687–8 Norway, 17, 27 Art. 4, 62 Poland, 27 Art. 4(4), 62 Portugal, 18 Art. 5(3), 62 Protocol 7 on abortion in Malta, 27 Art. 6(2), 62 Romania, 27 Art. 9 Slovenia, 27 Art. 13(1), 62 Slovakia, 27 Art. 13(3), 62 Spain, 18 Art. 13(7), 62 Sweden, 27 Treaty on Stability, Coordination and Governance in United Kingdom, 17, 430 the Economic and Monetary Union (TSCG) Amsterdam Treaty [2012] OJ C219/95, 42, 144–5, 666, 675–6 Declaration 29: on sport, 750 Art. 3, 666–7 Association Agreement (EEC–Turkey) (1963) Art. 4, 667 Decision 1/80 of the EC–Turkey Association Art. 3(3)(a), 667 Council, 546 Art. 7, 675

Declarations Annexed to the Lisbon Treaty Final Act

17 on primacy, 31, 203, 216 Declaration by the Czech Republic on the Charter of 41 on Art. 352 TFEU, 90, 120, 131, 240, 644 Fundamental Rights of Art. 1 TEU, 278

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Declarations in Connection with the Lisbon Treaty

Draft revised agreement on the accession of the Art. 24, 546 European Union to the Convention for the Arts. 25–26, 260 Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Art. 27, 3, 259–60 Freedoms, 35, 251–2, 265 Arts. 27–38, 256 EC TREATY (CONSOLIDATED), 440–1, 471, 486, 745, Art. 28, 260 761, 997 Art. 29, 257 Art. 2, 750, 788, 851, 877 Art. 30, 260 Art. 3(1)(g), 644 Art. 31, 324 Art. 3(1)(p), 851 Art. 31(1), 589 Art. 4, 564 Art. 31(2), 271, 273 Art. 7, 546–7 Art. 34, 260 Art. 8, 283 Art. 37, 260 Art. 13, 279, 577 Art. 38, 260 Arts. 27–38, 256 Art. 41, 377 Art. 28, 702, 849 Art. 41(2), 374–5, 377–8 Arts. 28–30, 875 Art. 42, 103 Art. 30, 629, 851 Arts. 47–50, 256 Art. 45, 860, 862–3 Art. 47, 261, 283, 290, 297, 334 Art. 55, 860 Art. 47(2), 298–9 Art. 81, 880, 903 Art. 47(3), 299 Art. 81(3), 940 Art. 48, 91 Art. 82, 880, 903, 962–3 Art. 51, 277, 279 Art. 86, 960–1 Art. 51(1), 278 Art. 87(1), 331, 981 Art. 51(2), 279 Art. 95, 644 Art. 52, 257, 259, 264–5 Art. 101, 680 Art. 52(1), 257 Art. 103, 678 Art. 52(5), 259 Art. 104, 680 Art. 52(7), 264, 279 Art. 104(b), 678 Art. 53, 263 Art. 173 (ex-Art. 220), 419 Art. 58, 258 Art. 174(1), 852 EUROPEAN CONVENTION ON HUMAN RIGHTS ECSC TREATY (TREATY OF PARIS), 12, 440 (ECHR), 170–4, 250–5, 264–6, 408, 433, 519, EEC TREATY (TREATY OF ROME), 12–14, 16, 205, 553, 575, 586, 880, 882 725, 823, 866 Title VII, 252 Art. 48, 553 Art. 6, 283, 287, 914, 930 Art. 52, 553 Art. 6(1), 896 Arts. 85–86, 910 Art. 8, 546–8, 884–5 EFTA (1960), 17, 27, 408, 439–45, 915 Art. 8(2), 884 EURATOM (TREATY OF ROME), 2, 13, 80 Art. 9, 580, 588 EUROPEAN CHARTER OF FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS Art. 10, 712 (EUCFR) (2000), 3, 250–83, 290, 326, 519, 575, Art. 11, 712 580–1, 624, 880, 895 Art. 13, 297 Title IV, 36 Art. 14, 547 Arts. 1–5, 256 EUROPEAN DEFENCE COMMUNITY TREATY (EDC), Art. 4, 564 European Patent Convention, 167 Art. 5, 257 EUROPEAN SOCIAL CHARTER, 255 Arts. 6–19, 256 European Stability Mechanism Treaty (ESM Treaty), Art. 7, 546–8 Art. 4(4), 62 Art. 8, 283 Art. 5(3), 62 Art. 9, 260 Art. 6(2), 62 Art. 14(3), 260 Art. 13(1), 62 Article 16, 280 Art. 13(3), 62 Art. 18, 547 Art. 13(7), 62 Arts. 20, 279, 379 GENEVA CONVENTION RELATING TO THE STATUS Art. 21, 261–2, 324, 379, 547, 580, 612 OF REFUGEES (1951) AND PROTOCOL (1967), Art. 23, 580 530, 546

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LISBON TREATY ON EUROPEAN UNION (GENERAL TEU Title IV (enhanced cooperation) INCLUDING TEU AND TFEU) Art. 20, 130 LISBON TREATY ON EUROPEAN UNION (TEU) Art. 20(1), 139 Preamble, 4, 42, 226–7 Art. 20(2), 139 TEU Title I (common provisions) Art. 20(3), 141 Art. 1, 21, 119, 142, 251–2 TEU Title V (external action), Chapter 1 (provisions Art. 2, 35, 52, 54, 77, 117, 142, 217, 230, 250–4, on the common foreign and security policy), 286–7, 297, 510 Section 1 (general provisions), Art. 3, 77, 385, 644, 686 Art. 22, 90 Art. 4, 213, 220 TEU Title V, Chapter 2 (speciﬁc provisions on CFSP), Art. 4(2), 220–2, 226, 230, 238, 501, 843 Section 1 (common provisions) Art. 4(3), 128, 205, 212–13, 217, 297, 300, 310, Art. 24(1), 117, 162 314, 326, 345, 439, 711–12, 797, 993 Art. 26, 90 Art. 5, 383, 386 Art. 26(2), 329 Art. 5(3), 383 Art. 27(2), 77 Art. 5(4), 689 Art. 30(1), 73 Art. 6, 26, 35, 249–50, 252–3, 256 Art. 31(2), 91, 240 Art. 6(1), 252–3, 256, 271, 277, 323 Art. 32, 90 Art. 6(2), 170 Art. 34, 711 Art. 6(3), 171, 230, 253 Art. 36, 101 Art. 7(1), 254 Art. 42, 142 Art. 7(2), 89, 254 Art. 42(6), 142 Art. 7(3), 89 Art. 46(2), 142 TEU Title II (provisions on democratic Art. 47(3), 132 principles) TEU Title VI (ﬁnal provisions) Art. 9, 35 Art. 48(2)–(4), 90 Art. 10, 35, 132 Art. 48(3), 90 Art. 10(2), 132 Art. 48(6), 90 Art. 11(4), 77 Art. 48(7), 90, 132, 240 Art. 12, 132 Art. 49, 90 TEU Title III (provisions on the institutions) Art. 50, 46–7, 409–10 Art. 13, 59–60, 128, 162 Art. 50(2), 47, 89 Art. 13(2), 60–1, 371 Art. 50(4), 46 Article 14, 97–8 LISBON TREATY ON THE FUNCTIONING OF THE Art. 14(2), 90, 94, 520 EUROPEAN UNION (TFEU) Art. 14(3), 94 Part One, Principles Art. 15(1), 91 Art. 1(2), 32, 119 Art. 15(2), 89 TFEU Part One, Title I (categories and areas of Union Art. 15(3), 89 competence) Art. 15(5), 89–90 Art. 2, 210 Art. 15(6), 89 Art. 2(4), 616 Art. 15(6)(d), 92, 101 Art. 3, 33, 211, 384 Art. 16, 87 Art. 3(1), 412 Art. 16(3), 141 Art. 4, 33–4, 85 Art. 16(4), 77 Art. 4(2), 211 Art. 16(7), 87 Art. 5, 34 Art. 16(9), 88 Art. 5(3), 135 Art. 17(1), 345 Art. 6, 33–5 Art. 17(4), 63, 78 TFEU Part One, Title II (provisions having general Art. 17(5), 90 application) Art. 17(7), 90, 100 Art. 7, 649 Art. 17(8), 100 Art. 8, 620 Art. 18(1), 90 Arts. 8–12, 649 Art. 18(3), 88 Art. 10, 620 Art. 19, 160, 172, 290, 297, 636 Art. 11, 103, 851 Art. 19(1), 162, 166, 294, 296–7, 392 Art. 15, 103 Art. 19(2), 90, 161–2, 298 Art. 15(3), 103

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TFEU Part Two (non-discrimination and citizenship Art. 49, 317, 477, 745, 752, 761, 780–8, 791, of the Union), 471–2 795–7, 799, 802, 806, 808–9, 812–15 Art. 16(4), 85 Art. 51, 521, 823 Art. 16(6), 83 Art. 52(1), 823 Art. 17, 262 Art. 53, 636–7 Art. 18, 205, 467, 484, 490, 611, 806, 838 Art. 54, 743, 782, 784, 810–15 Art. 19, 279, 577–80, 595, 611, 617 Art. 54(1), 811 Art. 19(1), 131, 392, 577 Art. 54(2), 782 Art. 19(2), 577 Art. 54(3)(g), 812, 814 Art. 20, 467, 472–4, 486, 507, 509–10 TFEU Part Three, Title IV (free movement of persons, Art. 20(1), 472, 480 goods and capital), Chapter 3 (services) Art. 20(1)(a), 580 Art. 56, 280–1, 299, 734, 737, 741–5, 747–67, Art. 20(2)(a), 476 750, 774, 783, 789, 826, 828, 837, 849 Art. 29(2)(b), 519 Art. 57, 737–44, 756, 767 Art. 20(2)(d), 100 Art. 59, 748 Art. 20(3), 141 Art. 61, 738, 748 Art. 21, 467, 476, 479–80, 486, 490, 498, 501, 505, Art. 62, 636–7, 743, 823 508, 523, 580 TFEU Part Three, Title IV (free movement of persons, Arts. 21–24, 471–2 goods and capital), Chapter 4 (capital and Art. 21(1), 501, 514 payments) Art. 22, 519, 580 Art. 63, 659–60, 847 Part Three, Union policies and internal actions, Art. 63(2), 370 TFEU Part Three, Title I (the internal market) Art. 65, 660, 822 Art. 26, 536, 631, 644 TFEU Part Three, Title V (freedom, security and Part Three, Title II (free movement of goods), justice), Chapter 1 (general provisions) Chapter 1 (the customs union) Art. 67, 25, 529, 536 Art. 28, 291–2, 842 Art. 67(1), 532 Art. 30, m 15–16, 425 Art. 68, 91 Arts. 30–32, 629, 631 Art. 72, 536 Part Three, Title II (free movement of goods), Art. 76, 135 Chapter 2 (customs cooperation) TFEU Part Three, Title V (freedom, security and TFEU Part Three, Title II (free movement of goods), justice), Chapter 2 (border checks, asylum and Chapter 3 (prohibition of quantitative immigration) restrictions) Art. 77, 529–30 Art. 34, 214, 317, 627–8, 695–715, 718–19, 722, Art. 77(3), 529 724–9, 823 Art. 78, 530 Art. 35, 696, 709, 711, 731–2, 790 Art. 78(1), 532, 541 Art. 36, 696, 712, 719, 723, 729, 822, 829, 838, Art. 78(3), 529 849, 851, 853–4, 857 Art. 79, 530, 534 TFEU Part Three, Title III (agriculture and ﬁsheries) Art. 79(5), 208 Art. 40(2), 380 TFEU Part Three, Title V (freedom, security and Art. 42, 923 justice), Chapter 3 (judicial cooperation in civil TFEU Part Three, Title IV (free movement of persons, matters) goods and capital), Chapter 1 (workers) Art. 81(3), 240, 940 Art. 45, 477, 507, 748, 750, 780–9, 791–6, 805–9, TFEU Part Three, Title V (freedom, security and 823 justice), Chapter 4 (judicial cooperation in Art. 45(2), 804–7, 823 criminal matters) Art. 45(3), 823 Art. 82, 863, 904 Art. 45(3)(d), 68 Art. 82(2), 211 Art. 45(4), 521 Art. 82(2)(c) Art. 46(2), 19 Art. 82(2)(d), 131 Art. 48, 91 Art. 82(3), 91, 240 Art. 48(2), 240 Art. 83(1), 131, 240 Art. 48(7), 132 Art. 83(3), 91, 240 TFEU Part Three, Title IV (free movement of persons, Art. 86(1), 131 goods and capital), Chapter 2 (right of Art. 86(4), 131–2, 240 establishment) Art. 87, 119

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TFEU Part Three, Title V (freedom, security and Art. 126(3), 675 justice), Chapter 5 (police cooperation) Art. 126(5), 675 Art. 91(1), 119–20 Art. 126(6), 84, 675 TFEU Part Three, Title VII (common rules on Art. 126(7), 675 competition, taxation and approximation of Art. 126(8), 675 laws), Chapter 1 (rules applying to competition) Art. 126(9), 675 Section 1 (rules applying to undertakings), 90 Art. 126(11), 84, 675 Art. 101, 302, 354, 881–4, 888, 891, 901–8, 910, TFEU Part Three, Title VIII (economic and monetary 912, 918–23, 927–49 policy), Chapter 2 (monetary policy) Art. 101(1), 117, 904, 910, 925, 936–7, 941–2 Art. 127, 661, 685–6 Art. 101(3), 872, 904, 910, 940, 942, 944, 947 Art. 127(1), 370, 688–9 Art. 102, 884, 888, 894, 901–2, 904–12, 918–19, Art. 127(2), 370–1 944, 951–66 Art. 128, 685, 687 Art. 106(2), 923 Art. 128(3), 661–2 Art. 106(3), 68, 78 Art. 129(1), 680 Art. 107, 972, 976–8, 994 Art. 130, 682 Art. 107(1), 971, 976–8, 987, 992–3 TFEU Part Three, Title VIII (economic and monetary Art. 107(2), 971 policy), Chapter 4 (provisions speciﬁcto Art. 107(3), 971 Member States whose currency is the euro) Art. 107(3)(a), 995 Art. 136, 90, 678 Art. 107(3)(b), 995, 1000 Art. 137, 143, 663 TFEU Part Three, Title VII (common rules on Art. 138(1), 687 competition, taxation and approximation of TFEU Part Three, Title VIII (economic and laws), Chapter 1 (rules applying to competition), monetary policy), Chapter 5 (transitional Section 2 (aids granted by States) arrangements) Art. 108, 971, 976 Art. 139(1), 662 Art. 108(2), 78, 330, 343, 988 Art. 139(2)(a), 663 Art. 108(3), 975, 988, 991–4, 993, 1001 Art. 139(2)(b), 663 TFEU Part Three, Title VII (common rules on Art. 139(2)(d), 663 competition, taxation and approximation of Art. 139(2)(e), 663 laws), Chapter 2 (tax provisions) Art. 139(2)(f), 663 Art. 110, 425, 631 Art. 139(2)(h), 663 TFEU Part Three, Title VII (common rules on Art. 140, 662 competition, taxation and approximation of Art. 140(1), 662 laws), Chapter 3 (approximation of laws) Art. 141(2), 142 Art. 114, 119–20, 627, 635–42, 648–9 TFEU Part Three, Title IX (employment) Art. 114(1), 144, 636 Art. 148, 91 Art. 114(3), 636, 642 Art. 148(2), 117 Art. 114(5), m 650 TFEU Part Three, Title X (social policy) Art. 115, 635 Art. 153, 577 TFEU Part Three, Title VIII (economic and Art. 153(2), 240 monetary policy), Chapter 1 Art. 153(2)(b), 211 (economic policy) Art. 157, 293–6, 575–7, 582, 616 Art. 119, 686 Art. 157(1), 293 Art. 119(2), 681, 686, 688–9 Art. 157(4), 616 Art. 121, 93, 661 TFEU Part Three, Title XII (education, vocational Art. 121(2), 117, 661 training and sport) Art. 121(4), 673 Art. 165(4), 117 Art. 123, 233, 697–80 Art. 166(5), 636, 638 Art. 123(1), 679–80 TFEU Part Three, Title XIV (public health) Art. 125, 677–9 Art. 168, 636, 639 Art. 125(1), 680 Art. 168(4), 117 Art. 126(1), 84, 675 Art. 168(4)(a), 117 Art. 126, 660–1, 667 Art. 168(5), 636, 638 Art. 126(2), 661 Art. 168(7), 614 Art. 126(2)(a), 667 TFEU Part Three, Title XV (consumer protection) Art. 126(2)(b), 667 Art. 169, 211

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TFEU Part Three, Title XVII (industry) Art. 253, 160 Art. 173(3), 117, 120 Art. 253(3), 162 TFEU Part Three, Title XIX (research and Art. 254, 160 technological development and space) Art. 255, 161 Art. 189(2), 117 Art. 256(1), 163, 165, 396 TFEU Part Three, Title XX (environment) Art. 256(3) Art. 192(1), 119 Art. 258, 78, 163, 328–35, 331, 338, 341–9, Art. 192(2), 120, 240 352–60, 362 Art. 193, 120 Art. 259, 78, 163, 328–35, 331, 338, 341–9, Part Three, Title XXII (tourism) 352–60, 362 Art. 195(2), 117 Art. 260, Part Three, Title XXIII (civil protection) Art. 260(2), 78, 329, 334, 358–61, 419 Art. 196(2), 117 Art. 260(3), 329, 358, 362 Part Three, Title XXIV (Administrative cooperation) Art. 261, 897 Art. 197(2), 117 Art. 263, 83, 92, 164, 185, 365–70, 388–95, TFEU Part Five, Title V (international agreements) 398–400, 896–7 Art. 205(2), 85 Art. 263(1), 686 Art. 216(2), 114, 208 Art. 263(2), 388 Art. 218(6)(a), 131 Art. 263(3), 388 Art. 218(11), 163, 171 Art. 263(4), 164, 183, 356, 389–90, 396, 686 Art. 219, 661, 686 Art. 263(5), 183 Art. 219(1), 686 Art. 264, 404 Art. 219(2), 687 Art. 264(1), 405 Part Six, Title I, Chapter 1 (the institutions), Section Art. 264(2), 405 1 (European Parliament) Art. 265, 83, 92, 164, 365, 397–8 Art. 223, 99 Art. 265(1) Art. 225, 99 Art. 265(3), 164 Art. 227, 100 Art. 267, 16, 159, 166–8, 170–93, 198, 232, 298, Art. 228, 101 304, 320–1, 392, 396, 993 Art. 228(1), 90, 99 Art. 267(2), 186, 188 Art. 228(2), 100 Art. 267(3), 188–92, 321–2 Art. 230, 101 Art. 267(4) Art. 234, 100 Art. 268, 164 TFEU Part Six, Title I, Chapter 1 (the institutions), Art. 269, 163 Section 2 (European Council) Art. 271, 686 Art. 235(3), 84 Art. 272, 164 Art. 236(b), 88 Art. 275, 162 Part Six, Title I, Chapter 1 (the institutions), Section Art. 276, 163 3 (Council) Art. 277, 365, 392, 399–400 Art. 238(1), 84 TFEU Part Six, Title I, Chapter 1 (the institutions), Art. 238(2), 84–5 Section 6 (European Central Bank) Art. 238(3), 84–5 Art. 282, 685 Art. 238(3)(b), 46 Art. 282(2), 62, 680 Art. 239(3)(b), 46 Art. 283(2), 90, 681, 683 Art. 240(1), 87 Art. 284(1), 683 Art. 240(2), 88 Art. 284(2), 683 Art. 240(3), 84 Art. 284(3), 101, 683 Art. 241, 83–4 TFEU Part Six, Title I, Chapter 1 (the institutions), Part Six, Title I, Chapter 1 (the institutions), Section Section 7 (Court of Auditors) 4 (Commission) Art. 287, 60 Art. 245, 64 Part Six, Title I, Chapter 2, Section 1 (legal acts of the Art. 249, 101 Union) TFEU Part Six, Title I, Chapter 1 (the Art. 288, 113–14, 205, 304–5, 310, 312, 314, 317 institutions), Section 5 (European Court of Art. 289(1)–(2), 119 Justice) Art. 289(3), 119, 390 Art. 251, 162 Art. 290, 68, 71, 146 Art. 252, 162 Art. 290(1), 247

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Art. 290(2), 71 Art. 325, 278 Art. 291(1), 247 TFEU Part Six, Title III (enhanced cooperation) TFEU Part Six, Title I, Chapter 2, Section 2 Art. 326, 138–9 (procedures for the adoption of acts) Art. 327, 139 Art. 293, 124 Art. 328, 139 Art. 293(1), 130 Art. 329, 141 Art. 294, 121 Art. 329(1), 138 Art. 294(1), 126 Art. 329(2), 140 Art. 296, 375 Art. 330, 141 Art. 297(1)–(2), 114 Art. 331(1), 141 Art. 297(2), 115 Art. 331(2), 141 Part Six, Title I, Chapter 4 (European Investment Bank) Art. 334, 138 Art. 308, 240 TFEU Part Seven (general and final provisions) Part Six, Title II (financial provisions), Chapter 1 Art. 340, 316–17, 400–1 (own resources) Art. 340(2), 164, 366, 400–1 Art. 311, 131 Art. 346, 923 TFEU Part Six, Title II (financial provisions), Art. 352, 90, 120, 131, 240, 644 Chapter 2 (multiannual financial framework) Art. 352(1) Art. 312(1), 103, 131 Lisbon Treaty Protocol on Transitional Art. 312(2), 103, 131, 240 Provisions Part Six, Title II (financial provisions), Chapter 3 Art. 354, 254 (annual budget) Art. 355(5)(c), 430 Art. 314, 103 MAASTRICHT TREATY/TREATY ON EUROPEAN Art. 314(2), 73 UNION (TEUM), 2, 20–5, 32, 225, 281, 471, 663, Part Six, Title II (financial provisions), Chapter 4 665, 678, 680 (implementation of budget and discharge) NICE TREATY (2001), Part Six, Title II (financial provisions), Chapter 6 Declaration 23 on the future of the Union, 30 (combating fraud) Oporto Treaty (EEA), 27

Protocols Annexed to the EC Treaty

20: Excessive Deﬁcit Procedure (EDP), 661, 663, 667 29: asylum for nationals of Member States Art. 1, 661 of EU, 568 26: EMU – provisions relating to Denmark, 663

Protocols Annexed to the Lisbon Treaty

1 on the role of national parliaments in the EU, 132–3 Arts. 1 – 4, 141, 531 2 on the application of the principles of subsidiarity Art. 1, 141 and proportionality, 132–3, 135 Art. 2, 141 Art. 6, 135, 383 Art. 3(1), 141, 531 Art. 7, 135, 383 22 on the position of Denmark, 530–1, 663 8 on Article 6(2) TEU on the Accession of the Union to Art. 2, 531 the ECHR, 170 Art. 4(1), 531 14 on the EuroGroup, 367 Art. 4(2), 531 19 on the Schengen Acquis integrated into the 27 on the internal market and competition, 644 framework of the EU, 26, 141–5, 527–31 30 on the application of the Charter of Fundamental Art. 1, 530 Rights to Poland and the United Kingdom, 277, Art. 4, 142 281 Art. 5(1), 530 Art. 1(1), 277, 281 21 on the position of the United Kingdom and Ireland Art. 1(2), 277 in respect of the area of freedom, security and Protocol on the Concerns of the Irish People on the justice Treaty of Lisbon [2013] OJ L60/131, 36, 277

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Protocols Annexed to the TEU

Article 40.3.3 of the Constitution of Ireland (abortion), 281

Protocols Annexed to the TEU, EC, ECSC and Euratom Treaties

9 role of national parliaments in the EU, 132–3

Protocols Annexed to the TEU and EC Treaty

Prüm Convention, 144–5 Art. 14.4, 686 Single European Act (SEA) (1986), 2, 18–20, 27, 32, Art. 15.1, 683 658, 875 Art. 15.3, 683 Art. 2, n19 Art. 23, 686 Statute of the Court of Justice (Protocol 11), 169 Arts. 26–33, 683 Art. 16, 162 Art. 35.1, 686 Art. 20, 185 Art. 35.6, 686 Art. 50a, 164 Treaty Establishing the European Stability Mechanism Art. 51, 163–4 (ESM Treaty) Art. 56, 165 Treaty on Stability, Coordination and Governance in Art. 61, 165 the Economic and Monetary Union (TSCG, Statute of the ESCB and ECB (Protocol 18), 682 Fiscal Compact), 42, 144–5, 666, 675–6 Art. 1, 685 Art. 3, 666–7 Art. 7, 682 Art. 3(3)(a), 667 Art. 9.1, 683 Art. 4, 667 Art. 10.4, 683 Art. 7, 675 Art. 11.1, 683 Art. 15, 145 Art. 11.2, 683 UN Charter, Art. 12.2, 681 UN Convention on the Rights of the Child Art. 13, 681 UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Art. 14.3, 686 Disabilities (UNCRPD), 603–4

EU Legislation and Policy Documents

COMMISSION COMMUNICATIONS, General principles and minimum standards for An area of freedom, security and justice serving the consultation of interested parties by the citizen COM(2009)262, 532 Commission COM(2002)704, 74 Commission decision to withdraw the Proposal for a Green Paper on confronting demographic change: a Council Regulation on the exercise of the right new solidarity between the generations COM to take collective action within the context of (2005)94 final 606 the freedom of establishment and the freedom Green Paper on equality and non-discrimination in to provide services COM(2012)130, 137 an enlarged European Union COM(04)379 final Commission’s enforcement priorities in applying 576, 613 Article 82 of the EC Treaty to abusive Inquiry pursuant to Article 17 of Regulation 1/2003 exclusionary conduct by dominant into the European Gas and Electricity Sectors undertakings [2009] OJ C45/7, 963 COM(2006)851 final 966 Completing the Single Market, COM(85)310, 19, 645 Migration COM(2011)248 534 Development of standardisation: action for faster On the application, from 1 August 2013, of State aid technical integration in Europe COM(90)456, rules to support measures in favour of banks in 645 the context of the financial crisis (‘Banking European Governance: A White Paper, COM(2001) Communication’) [2013] OJ C216/1 1001, 1003 428, 80 On the application of Directive 2003/86/EC on the Entrepreneurship 2020 Action Plan COM(2012)795, right to family reunification COM(2008)610/3 EU Regulatory Fitness COM(2012)476, 80 498, 556

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Art. 3, 556 Report based on Article 10 of Framework Decision Art. 3(2), 556 on combating trafficking in human beings COM Art. 4(1), 557 (2006)187, 446, 717, 840 Art. 4(2), 556 Report on the functioning of Regulation 1/2003 Art. 6, 556 COM(2009)206 final, 866 Art. 7(2), 557 Report on Greek Government debt and Deficit Art. 8(1), 557 Statistics COM(2010)1, 40 Art. 13(1), 557 Report on the right to vote and to stand as a Art 13(2), 557 candidate in elections to the European On a Community immigration policy COM(2000)757 Parliament COM(2007)846 final, 519 On incorporating equal opportunities for women and Report on the right to vote and to stand as a men into all Community policies and activities candidate in municipal elections to the COM(96)67 final, 620 European Parliament COM(2005)382 final, 519 Period of Reflection and Plan D COM(2006)212, 31 Report to the European Parliament and Council on the Proposal for a Council Regulation conferring specific application of Directive 94/80/EC on the right to tasks on the European Central Bank concerning vote and stand as a candidate in municipal policies relating to the prudential supervision of elections COM(2002)260 final, 519, 521 credit institutions COM(2012)511, 142, 145, Report on Competition Policy 2005 SEC(2006)761 657–8, 682, 691–3 final, 892 Pro-active Competition Policy for a Competitive Report on Competition Policy 2006 COM(2007)358 Europe COM(2004)293 final, 875 final, 892 Proposal for a Council Directive on implementing Report on Competition Policy 2007 COM(2008)368 the principle of equal treatment between final, 892 persons irrespective of racial or ethnic origin Report on Competition Policy (Ninth) (1979) 15–16, COM(1999)566, 305, 323–4 901 Proposal for a Council Directive on implementing Report on Competition Policy (Thirteenth), 910 the principle of equal treatment between Report on Competition Policy (Twenty-first), 892 persons irrespective of religion or belief, Roadmap towards a Banking Union COM(2012)510, disability, age or sexual orientation COM(2008) 40, 691 426 final, 615 Role of European Standardisation in the Framework Proposal for a Directive on improving the gender of European Policies and Legislation, COM balance among non-executive directors of (2004)674 final, 646 companies listed on stock exchanges and Return to viability and the assessment of related measures COM(2012)614 final, 617, 621 restructuring measures in the financial sector in Proposal for a Directive on public procurement COM the current crisis under the State aid rules (2011)896 final, 761, 860 [2009] OJ C195/9, 1002 Roadmap towards a Banking Union COM(2012)510, Simplifying the regulatory environment: A strategy 40, 691 for implementing the Community Lisbon Recommendation 84/635 on the promotion of programme COM(2005)535 positive action for women [1984] OJ L331/34, Smart Regulation in the European Union COM(2010) 616 583, 272 Recommendation 92/131/EEC on the protection of Staff Working document Accompanying the the dignity of women and men at work [1992] Commission on Competition Policy 2012 SWD OJ L49/1, 590 (2013)159 final, 990 Recommendation on common principles for State Aid Action Plan ‘Less and Better Targeted State injunctive and compensatory collective redress Aid: A Roadmap for State Aid Reform mechanisms in the Member States concerning 2005–2009’ COM(2005)107 final, 973 violations of rights granted under Union law State Aid Scoreboard COM(2012)778 final, 973 [2013] OJ L201/60, 914 State of the Internal Market in Services COM(2002) Reinforcing economic policy coordination COM 441 final, 736 (2010)250, 660, 669 Strategy for the effective implementation of the Report on the application in 2008 of Regulation Charter of Fundamental Rights by the European 1049/2001, 103–4, 127, 353, 416 Union COM(2010)573, 272 Report on the application of the principle of mutual Twenty Ninth Annual Report on Monitoring the recognition in the single market COM(2002)419 Application of EU Law COM(2012)714, 78, 331, final (Second Biennial), 348, 352

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Towards an EU Criminal Policy: Ensuring the On cooperation between national competition effective implementation of EU policies through authorities and the Commission in handling criminal law COM(2011)573 cases falling within the scope of Articles [101 Towards a Horizontal Framework for Collective TFEU] and [102 TFEU] [1997] OJ C313/1, 901 Redress COM(2013)401 final, 914 [101 TFEU] and [102 TFEU] [1993] OJ C39/6, 901, Towards a job-rich recovery COM(2012)173, 534 910 Treatment of Impaired Assets in the Community On cooperation within the Network of Competition Banking sector [2009] OJ C72/1, 1000 Authorities [2004] OJ C101/42, 880 White Paper on completing the single market COM On immunity from fines and reduction of fines in (85)310, 645 cartel cases [2006] OJ C298/17, 892 White Paper on damages actions for breach of the EC On informal guidance [2004] OJ C101/78, 903 antitrust rules COM(2008)165, 912, 914 On the internal rules of procedure for processing requests White Paper on European governance COM(2001) for access to the file in cases pursuant to Articles 428, 80, 622 81 and 82 of the EC Treaty [2005] OJ C325/7, 879, White Paper on modernisation of the rules 901, 903, 921–2, 927, 932 implementing Articles [101 TFEU] and [102 Recovery Notice [2007] OJ C272/4, 990 TFEU] [1999] OJ C132/1, 901 COMMISSION REGULATIONS (EC) White Paper on productivity and enterprise – a world Reg. 67/67 on block exemption of exclusive class competition regime Cm 5233 (2001), 909 purchase agreements [1967] OJ L84/67, 901 Work Programme for 2002 for the Implementation Reg. 1983/83 on exclusive distribution [1983] OJ of the Framework Strategy on Gender Equality L173/1, 947 SEC(2001)773 final, 621 Reg. 1784/1999 on the European Social Fund [1999] Work Programme for 2005 for the Implementation OJ L213/5, 622 of the Framework Strategy on Gender Equality Art. 2 SEC(2005)1044, 622 Reg. 773/2004 on conduct of proceedings by the COMMISSION DECISIONS Commission pursuant to Articles 81 and 82 of Dec. 70/243/EEC on the replacement of financial the EC Treaty [2004] OJ L123/18, 879–80, 887, contributions from Member States by the 893, 901, 903, 921–2, 927, 932 Communities’ own resources [1970] OJ L 94/19, Reg. 1998/2006 on the application of Articles 87 and 15 88 of the Treaty to de minimis aid [2006] OJ Dec. 96/239/EC of 27 March 1996 on emergency L379/5, 988 measures to protect against bovine spongiform Reg. 622/2008 amending Regulation 773/2004 as encephalopathy [1996] OJ L78/47, 68 regards the conduct of settlement procedures Dec. 2000/407/EC relating to gender balance within in cartel cases [2008] OJ L171/3, 880, 887, the committees and expert groups established 893 by it [2000] OJ L154/34, 621 Reg. 800/2008 declaring certain categories of aid Dec. 2010/5/ECB establishing a securities markets compatible with the common market in programme [2010] OJ L124/8, 43, 664, 687 application of Articles 87 and 88 of the Treaty Dec. 2011/199/EU amending Article 136 of the (General Block Exemption Regulation) [2008] Treaty on the Functioning of the European OJ L214/3, 901, 903, 947–51, 989, 998, 1007 Union with regard to a stability mechanism for Art. 3, 948 Member States whose currency is the euro Art. 4(1)(c), 999 [2011] OJ L91/1, 90, 628 Art. 5, 996 Art. 6, 999 COMMISSION GUIDELINES Reg. 330/2010 on the application of Article 101(3) of On the application of Article 81(3) of the Treaty the Treaty on the Functioning of the European [2004] OJ C101/97, 940, 945, 947 Union to categories of vertical agreements and On the effect on trade concept contained in Articles concerted practice [2010] OJ L102/1, 948 81 and 82 of the Treaty [2004] OJ C 101/81, Art. 6, 948 879, 901, 903, 921–2, 927, 932 Reg. 743/2013 amending Regulation (EC) No. 659/ On the method of setting fines [2006] OJ C210/2 889 1999 laying down detailed rules for the On vertical restraints [2000] OJ C291/1, 117, 920 application of Article 93 of the EC Treaty [2013] COMMISSION NOTICES OJ L204/15, 993 On agreements of minor importance which do not COUNCIL COMMON POSITIONS appreciably effect competition under Article 81 Delegated Acts 8753/11 10 April 2011, 72 (1) of EC Treaty [2001] OJ C368/13, 923

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COUNCIL DECISIONS/COUNCIL AND PARLIAMENT in the second and third subparagraphs of DECISIONS Article 16(6) TEU [2009] OJ L315/46, 82 Dec. 94/69/EC [1994] OJ L33/11 (Kyoto Protocol), Dec. 2009/881/EU on the exercise of the Presidency 850 of the Council [2009] OJ L315/50, 88 Dec. 99/468/EC laying down the procedures for the Dec. 2009/908/EU laying measures for the exercise of implementing powers conferred on implementation of the European Council the Commission [1999] OJ L184/23 as amended Decision on the exercise of the Presidency of by Decision 2006/512 [2006] OJ L200/11, 146 the Council, and on the chairmanship of Dec. 1999/436/EC determining the legal basis for each preparatory bodies of the Council [2009] OJ of the provisions or decisions which constitute L322/28, 88 the Schengen Acquis [1999] OJ L176/19, 530 Dec. 2010/405/EU authorising enhanced Dec. 2000/750 establishing a Community Action cooperation in the area of the law applicable to Programme to combat discrimination [2000] OJ divorce and legal separation [2010] OJ L189/12, L303/23 143 recital 5, 578 Dec. 2010/594/EU amending the list of Council Dec. 646/2000/EC adopting a multiannual programme configurations [2009] OJ L315/46, 82 for the promotion of renewable energy sources in Dec. 2011/167/EU authorising enhanced the Community [2000] OJ L79/1, 851 cooperation in the area of the creation of Dec. 2001/500/JHA on money laundering, the unitary patent protection [2011] OJ L76/53, identification, tracing, freezing, seizing and 139–40, 143, 145, 167 confiscation of instrumentalities and the Dec. 2013/336/EU increasing the number of proceeds of crime [2001] OJ L182/1, 435, 832 Advocates-General of the Court of Justice of the Dec. 2002/682/EC, Euratom adopting the Council’s European Union [2013] OJ L179/92, 162 Rules of Procedure [2002] OJ L230/7, 80, 82 COUNCIL DECLARATIONS Dec. 2002/772/EC, Euratom amending the Act Community Charter of Basic Social Rights for concerning the election of the representatives Workers COM(89)568 final, 576 of the European Parliament by direct universal On the occasion of the fiftieth anniversary of the suffrage [2002] OJ L283/1, 94 signature of the Treaty of Rome (2007), 32 Dec. 2005/671/JHA on the exchange of information and cooperation concerning terrorist offences COUNCIL DIRECTIVES/COUNCIL AND PARLIAMENT [2005] OJ L253/22 DIRECTIVES Dec. 2006/512/EC amending Decision 1999/468/EC Dir. 64/427/EEC laying down detailed provisions laying down the procedures for the exercise of concerning transitional measures in respect of implementing powers conferred on the activities of self-employed persons in Commission [2006] OJ L100/11, 146 manufacturing and processing businesses, art. 5a 759 Dec. 1672/2006/EC establishing a Community Dir. 68/360/EEC [1968] OJ Spec. Edn L257/13, 533 Programme for Employment and Social Dir. 76/207 on the principle of equal treatment for Solidarity [2006] OJ L315/1, 620 men and women as regards access to art. 2, 620 employment, vocational training and art. 7, 620 promotion, and working conditions [1976] OJ art. 8, 620 L39/40 (Equal Treatment Directive), 597 Dec. 2007/533/JHA on the establishment, operation Dir. 77/93/EEC on protective measures against the and use of the second generation Schengen introduction of harmful organisms of plants or Information System [2007] OJ L205/63, 578 plant products [1977] OJ L26/20, 855 Dec. 2008/615/JHA on the stepping up of cross- Dir. 77/388/ECC [1977] OJ L145/1 (Sixth VAT border cooperation, particularly in combating Directive), 742 terrorism and cross-border crime [2008] OJ Dir. 79/7/EC [1979] OJ L6/24 (Social Security L209/1, 145 Directive), 578, 614 Dec. 2008/616/JHA on the implementation of Dir. 79/409/EEC on the conservation of wild birds Decision 2008/615/JHA on the stepping up of [1979] OJ L103/1, 850 cross-border cooperation, particularly in Dir. 80/987/EEC on the approximation of the combating terrorism and cross-border crime laws of the Member States relating to the [2008] OJ L210/12, 145 protection of employees in the event of Dec. 2009/878/EU establishing the list of Council the insolvency of their employer [1980] OJ configurations in addition to those referred to L283/23, 314

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Dir. 83/189 EEC laying down a procedure for the art. 4, 591 provision of information in the ﬁeld of technical art. 5, 616 standards and regulations [1983] OJ L109/8, 308 art. 7, 584, 593 Dir. 89/552/EEC on the coordination of certain art. 8(1), 593 provisions laid down by law concerning art. 9, 593 television broadcasting activities [1989] OJ art. 10, 618 L298/23 (Broadcasting Directive), 637 art. 11, 618 Dir. 89/622/EC on the approximation of the laws art. 12, 618 concerning the labelling of tobacco products art. 13, 619 [1989] OJ L359/1, 648 art. 15, 594 Dir. 90/425/EC concerning veterinary and Dir. 2000/78/EC establishing a general framework zootechnical checks applicable in intra- for equal treatment in employment and Community trade in certain live animals and occupation [2000] OJ L303/16 (Framework products with a view to the completion of the Directive), 232, 261–2, 291, 323–4, 379, 578–9, internal market [1990] OJ L224/29, 68 595–6, 603, 609 Dir. 93/104/EC concerning the organisation of Preamble, 578 working time [1993] OJ L307/18, 271, 273–4, recital 1, 578 324, 605 recital 3, 578, 613 Dir. 93/109/EC on the right to vote and stand as recital 4, 578 candidate in municipal elections [1993] OJ recital 12, 612 L329/34, 519 recital 17, 605 Dir. 94/19/EC on deposit guarantee schemes [1994] recital 20, 605 OJ L135/5, 19 recital 21, 605 Dir. 94/33/EC on the protection of young people at recital 22, 591 work [1994] OJ L216/12, 606 art. 1, 587 Dir. 94/80/EC laying down detailed arrangements art. 2, 592 for the exercise of the right to vote and to stand art. 2(1), 595 as a candidate in municipal elections [1994] OJ art. 2(2), 606 L368/38, 519, 521 art. 2(2)(a), 584 Dir. 95/46/EC on the protection of individuals with art. 2(2)(b), 586–7 regard to the processing of personal data [1995] art. 2(3), 590 OJ L281/31, 106 art. 2(4), 616 art. 6(1) art. 2(5), 592 Dir. 97/81/EC on part-time work [1998] OJ L14/9, art. 3, 582, 611 583 art. 3(2), 611 Dir. 2000/43/EC implementing the principle of equal art. 3(4), 591 treatment between persons irrespective of racial art. 4, 601 or ethnic origin [2000] OJ L180/22 (Race art. 4(1), 591 Directive), 584–5, 613–17, 754 art. 4(2), 601–2 Preamble, 598–9 art. 5, 604–5 recitals 1–3, 578 art. 6, 606–7 recital 6, 598 art. 6(1), 607 recital 8, 584 art. 7, 616 recital 9, 576 art. 9, 593 recital 13, 612 art. 10, 593 recital 14, 613 art. 11, 593 art. 1, 595 art. 12, 618 art. 2(1), 584 art. 13, 618 art. 2(2), 584 art. 14, 618 art. 2(2)(b), 599 art. 15, 617 art. 2(3), 590 art. 17, 594 art. 2(4), 616 Dir. 2001/18/EC on the deliberate release into the art. 3, 611, 614–15 environment of genetically modiﬁed organisms art. 3(1)(a), 585 and repealing Council Directive 90/220/EC art. 3(1)(a)-(d), 582 [2001] OJ L106/1, 340 art. 3(1)(e), 614 Dir. 2001/51/EC supplementing the provisions of art. 3(1)(f ), 614 Article 26 of the Schengen Implementation

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Agreement [2001] OJ L187/45 (Carrier energy, transport and postal services sectors Sanctions Directive), 437, 530, 541 [2004] OJ L134, 761, 860 art. 2, 541 Dir. 2004/18/EC on the coordination of procedures art. 3, 541 for the award of public works contracts, public art. 4, 541 supply contracts and public service contracts Dir. 2002/22/EC on universal service and users’ rights [2004] OJ L134, 860 relating to electronic communications networks Dir. 2004/38/EC [2004] OJ L158/77 (Citizenship and services (Universal Service Directive), Directive), 467, 476, 490, 492–3, 501, 521–3, art. 7, 623 546, 783, 806 Dir. 2002/90/EC deﬁning the facilitation of recital 6, 503 unauthorized entry, transit and residence recital 16, 477, 498 [2002] OJ L328/17 recital 17, 477 Dir. 2003/9/EC [2003] OJ L31/18, art. 2, 502–3 art. 7(3) art. 2(2), 500 art. 8 art. 2(2)(a), 500 art. 10(1) art. 2(2)(b), 500 art. 16 art. 2(2)(d), 502 art. 18(1) art. 3, 482, 502–3 Dir. 2003/86/EC on the right of family reuniﬁcation art. 3(2), 503 for third-country nationals legally established art. 4, 498 in a Member State, 274–5, 499, 556 art. 5, 498 art. 4(1), 557 art. 5(2), 482 art. 4(2), 556 art. 5(5), 482 art. 6, 556 art. 7, 477, 498 art. 7(2), 557 art. 7(1), 514 art. 8(1), 557 art. 7(1)(b), 479, 487, 489 art. 17, 275 art. 7(1)(c), 487 Dir. 2003/88/EC concerning certain aspects of the art. 7(2), 498 organisation of working time [2003] OJ L299/9, art. 7(3), 477 271, 273–4, 324, 605 art. 4(8), 481 Dir. 2003/109/EC concerning the status of third- art. 8(1), 482 country nationals who are long-term residents art. 8(3), 482 [2003] OJ L16/44, art. 8(5), 482 Preamble, 551 art. 12, 503–4 recital 13, 555 art. 12(3), 504 art. 3(2), 552 art. 13, 503 art. 4(1), 552 art. 13(2), 504 art. 5(1), 552 art. 14, 481 art. 5(2), 552 art. 14(1), 476 art. 6(1), 552 art. 14(4), 476 art. 7(1), 552 art. 14(4)(b), 491 art. 8, 554 art. 16, 477, 498 art. 9(1)(a), 553 art. 16(1), 477, 514 art. 9(1)(b), 553 art. 16(4), 477 art. 9(1)(c), 553 art. 17, 477 art. 11, 554 art. 21, 515 art. 11(1), 555 art. 23, 498 art. 11(4), 555–6 art. 24, 484, 491, 493, 498 art. 11(5), 554 art. 24(1), 484, 487 art. 12(1), 554 art. 24(2), 498 art. 12(1)(a–c), 554 art. 25, 483 art. 12(1)(f), 554 art. 27, 515 art. 12(2)(c), 554 art. 28, 519 art. 12(3), 554 art. 28(1), 519 art. 12(4), 554 art. 28(2), 517–18 Dir. 2004/17/EC coordinating the procurement art. 28(3), 517–18 procedures of entities operating in the water, art. 30(1), 515–16

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art. 30(2), 515–16 recital 9, 776 art. 30(3), 516 recital 33, 774 art. 31(1), 516 arts. 1–3, 774 art. 31(3), 516 art. 2, 774 art. 32(1), 518 art. 3(1), 774 art. 33(2), 518 art. 5(1), 775 Dir. 2004/82/EC on the obligation of carriers to art. 6, 775 communicate passenger data [2004] OJ L261/ art. 7, 775 24, 541 art. 8, 775 Dir. 2004/113/EC implementing the principle of art. 9, 777, 817 equal treatment between men and women in arts. 9–13, 817 the access to and supply of goods and services arts. 9–15, 773, 817 [2004] OJ L373/37, 578, 580, 615, 754 art. 14, 777 art. 5(2), 580 art. 16, 775 Dir. 2005/36/EC on the recognition of professional art. 17, 774 qualifications [2005] OJ L255/22, 799 art. 22, 778 art. 4, 800 art. 24, 778 art. 10–15, 800 arts. 28–33, 778 art. 16–20, 801 art. 30, 778 art. 21–52, 801 art. 35(2), 778 art. 14, 800 Chapter VI, 778 art. 16, 801 Dir. 2008/98/EC on waste and repealing certain Annex IV, 801 Directives [2008] OJ L312/3, 119 Dir. 2005/60/EC on the prevention of the use of the Dir. 2008/115/EC on common standards and financial system for the purpose of money procedures in Member States for returning laundering and terrorist financing [2008] OJ illegally staying third-country nationals [2008] L309/15, 435, 832 OJ L348/98 (Returns Directive), 528, 531, 548, Dir. 2006/54/EC on the principle of equal 572 opportunities and equal treatment of men and art. 2(2), 549 women in matters of employment and art. 2(3), 549 occupation (recast) [2006] OJ L204/23 (Equal art. 3(2), 548 Treatment Directive), 247, 305, 323–4, 578, 580, art. 3(3), 548 582, 590, 597, 615, 619, 754 art. 4(1), 548 Preamble art. 4(2), 548 recital 2, 578 art. 5, 549 recital 3, 598 art. 6, 549 recital 4, 578 art. 6(4), 549 recital 19, 591 art. 7(1), 550 art. 2(1), 595 art. 7(2), 550 art. 2(1)(a), 584 art. 7(4), 550 art. 2(2)(b), 586 art. 8(1), 550 art. 3, 615–16 art. 11(1), 550 art. 5(2), 580 art. 11(2), 550 art. 14(2), 591 art. 13(1), 550 art. 17, 593 art. 13(3), 551 art. 18, 594 art. 15(3), 551 art. 19, 593 art. 15(5), 551 art. 20, 619 art. 15(6), 551 art. 21, 618 Dir. 2009/48/EC on toy safety [2009] OJ L170/1, 645 art. 22, 618 Dir. 2009/50/EC on conditions of entry and residence art. 24, 593 of third-country nationals for the purposes of art. 24(2), 491 highly qualified employment [2009] OJ L155/17 art. 30, 618 art. 5, 535 Dir. 2006/112/EC on the common system of value art. 8(2), 535 added tax [2006] OJ L347/1, 230, 278, 421, 742 art. 12, 535 Dir. 2006/123/EC on services in the internal market Dir. 2011/85/EU on requirements for budgetary [2006] OJ L376/36 (Services Directive), 717, frameworks of the Member States [2011] OJ 734–6, 738, 773–4, 817 L306/41, 666

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Dir. 2011/24EU on the application of patients’ rights in art. 8, 572 cross-border healthcare [2011] OJ L88/45, 735, art. 8(2), 571 768 art. 12, 569 art. 4, 770, 772 art. 14(1), 569 art. 5, 771–2 art. 15(1), 569 art. 6, 772 art. 15(2), 569 art. 7, 769 art. 17, 568 art. 8, 770 art. 17(3) and (4), 569 art. 9, 771 art. 18(1), 569 Dir. 2011/85/EU on requirements for budgetary art. 18(2), 569 frameworks of the Member States [2011] OJ art. 19, 569 L306/41, 666 art. 20, 570 Dir. 2011/95/EU on standards for the qualification of art. 23(1), 569 third-country nationals or stateless persons as COUNCIL RECOMMENDATIONS beneficiaries of international protection, for a On the implementation of Member States uniform status for refugees or for persons employment policies [2004] OJ L326/47, 620 eligible for subsidiary protection, and for the content of the protection granted [2011] OJ COUNCIL REGULATIONS/COUNCIL AND L337/9 PARLIAMENT REGULATIONS, art. 2(d), 546 Reg. 17/62 First Regulation implementing Articles art. 2(f ), 546 [81 and 82] of the EC Treaty [1962] OJ L13/204, art. 4(1), 567 879 art. 9(2)(c), 547 Reg. 26/62 applying certain rules of competition to art. 15, 547 production of and trade in agricultural products Dir. 2011/98/EU on a single application procedure for a [1959–62] OJ Spec. Edn 129, 923 single permit for third-country nationals to Reg. 1612/68 on free movement of workers within the reside and work in the territory of a Member Community [1968] OJ Spec. Edn L257/2, 783 State [2011] OJ L343/1, 551 art. 7(2), 614, 806 art. 3, 552 art. 7(4), 748 art. 6, 552 art. 8, 805 art. 6(1), 552 art. 12, 504 art. 11(a)-(c), 553 Reg. 907/73 establishing a European Monetary art. 12(1)(a)-(h), 554 Cooperation Fund [1973] OJ L89/2, 658 art. 12(2)(c), 554 Reg. 259/93 on the supervision and control of art. 12(2)(d), 554 shipments of waste [1993] OJ L30/11, 853 art. 12(4), 554 Reg. 40/94 on the Community trade mark [2004] OJ Dir. 2013/32/EU on common procedures for granting L70/1, 163 and withdrawing international protection Reg. 1466/97 on the strengthening of the [2013] OJ L180/60 surveillance of budgetary positions [1997] OJ art. 2(q), 570 L209/1, 84, 92, 145, 661, 666 art. 9, 566 art. 2a(1), 669 art. 9(1), 541, 547 art. 2(a)2, 669 art. 11(1), 567 art. 2a(4), 668 art. 12(a), 566 art. 2a(3), 669, 672–3 art. 12(b), 566 art. 2-a(4), 672 art. 14(1), 566 art. 3, 668 art. 20(1), 567 art. 3(1)(a), 667 art. 31(3), 566 art. 4, 668 art. 33, 567 art. 6(2), 668, 674–5 art. 35, 567 art. 6(3), 668 art. 38, 568 art. 7, 668 art. 46, 567 art. 8, 668 Dir. 2013/33/EU of the European Parliament and of the art. 9, 675 Council of 26 June 2013 laying down standards art. 10(4), 675 for the reception of applicants for international Reg. 1467/97 on speeding up and clarifying the protection [2013] OJ L180/96, 568, 572 implementation of the excessive deficit art. 2(g), 569 procedure [1997] OJ L209/6, 661, 666, 673, 676

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art. 2(1)(a), 667 art. 23(1), 880, 888 art. 2(2), 667 art. 23(2), 888, 921, 927 arts. 3–16, 667 art. 23(3), 889 art. 12, 676 art. 23(5), 896 Reg. 539/2001 listing the third countries whose art. 25(1), 932 nationals must be in possession of visas when art. 27, 886–7 crossing the external borders and those whose art. 27(4), 894 nationals are exempt from that requirement art. 29, 948 [2001] OJ L81/1, 541 Reg. 343/2003 establishing the criteria and Reg. 1049/2001 regarding public access to European mechanisms for determining the Member State Parliament, Council and Commission responsible for examining an asylum documents [2001] OJ L145/43 application lodged in one of the Member States recital 6, 127 by a third-country national [2003] OJ L50/1 art. 2, 103 (Dublin Regulations) art. 2(3), 104 art. 3(2), 552 art. 4, 105, 107–9 Reg. 2065/2003 on smoke flavourings used or art. 4(1), 103–4, 127, 353, 416 intended for use in or on foods [2003] OJ L309/1, art. 4(1)(a), 416 640 art. 4(2), 108, 353–4 Reg. 261/2004 providing for compensation and art. 4(3), 108 assistance to passengers in the event of denied art. 6(3), 104 boarding and of cancellation or long delay to art. 11, 103 long-haul flights, 186 Reg. 1030/2002 laying down a uniform format for Reg. 773/2004 [2001] OJ L162/21, 880, 887, 893 residence permits for third-country nationals Reg. 883/2004 on the coordination of social security [2002] OJ L157/1, 552 systems [2004] OJ L166/1, 554, 768 art. 6, 552 Reg. 2007/2004 establishing a European Agency Reg. 1/2003 implementing Articles 81 and 82 of the for the management of operational EC Treaty [2003] OJ L1/1, 866, 879, 881, 901, cooperation at the external borders of the 905, 908–110, 940, 944, 966 Member States of the European Union [2004] recital 4, 927 OJ L349, 81 recital 13, 894 Reg. 1055/2005/OJ amending Regulation 1466/97/ recital 14, 904 EC on the strengthening of the surveillance of recital 38, 903 budgetary positions and the surveillance and art. 1, 902, 927 coordination of economic policies [2005] OJ art. 3, 902 L174/1, 661 art. 3(2), 903 Reg. 1056/2005 on speeding up and clarifying the art. 5, 904, 927 implementation of the excessive deficit art. 6, 927 procedure [2005] OJ L174/5, 661 art. 7, 78, 888, 895, 927 Reg. 2016/399 establishing a Community Code on art. 9, 894–5 the rules governing the movement of persons art. 10, 903 across the borders (Schengen Borders Code) art. 11, 906 [2006] OJ L105/1, 536–7, 542, 560 art. 11(3), 906 Preamble, 536 art. 11(6), 906 art. 5(1), 540 art. 12, 906 art. 5(2), 540 art. 13, 880 art. 6, 540–2, 548 art. 14, 887 art. 6(5)(b)–(c), 540 art. 14(1), 894 art. 8(1), 540 art. 14(5), 887 art. 9(1), 540 art. 15(3), 904 art. 11(1), 540 art. 16, 912 art. 11(3), 540 art. 17, 880, 966 art. 13, 540 art. 18, 881 art. 14(1), 540 art. 18(1), 880 art. 15, 540 art. 19(1), 880 art. 22, 536 art. 20, 883 art. 23, 538 art. 22(4), 906 art. 25, 537 art. 23, 78 art. 25(2), 536

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art. 26, 537 Reg. 1175/2011 amending Regulation 1466/97 on art. 27(1), 537 the strengthening of the surveillance of art. 29(1), 537 budgetary positions and the surveillance and art. 54, 542 coordination of economic policies [2011] OJ Reg. 1922/2006 on establishing a European Institute L306/12, 661, 666 for Gender Equality [2006] OJ L43/9, 619 art. 2A, 84 Reg. 1987/2006 on the establishment, operation and art. 6(2), 92, 145 use of the second generation Schengen Reg. 1176/2011 on the prevention and correction of Information System [2006] OJ L381/4, 578 macroeconomic imbalances [2011] OJ L306/25, Reg. 622/2008 amending Regulation 773/2004 as 673 regards the conduct of settlement procedures in art. 2(1), 668 cartel cases [2008] OJ L171/3, 880, 887, 893 art. 2(2), 668 Reg. 765/2008 setting out the requirements for art. 4(3), 668 accreditation and market surveillance relating to art. 2(1), 668 the marketing of products [2008] OJ L218/30, 648 art. 5(1), 668, 675 Reg. 810/2009 on the Community Code on Visas art. 6(1), 668 [2009] OJ L243/1, art. 7(1), 675 art. 5(1), 542 art. 7(2), 84, 675 art. 5(2), 542 art. 8(1), 675 art. 6(1), 542 art. 8(2), 675 art. 6(2), 542 art. 8(3), 675 art. 32, 542 art. 9, 675 art. 52(1)(a), 542 Reg. 1177/2011 amending Regulation 1467/97 on Reg. 2016/1036 on protection against dumped speeding up and clarifying the implementation imports from countries not members of the of the excessive deficit procedure [2011] OJ European Union, OJ 2016, L 176/21, 78 L306/33, 661, 666 Reg. 407/2010 establishing a European Financial Reg. 1257/2012 implementing enhanced Stabilisation Mechanism [2010] OJ L118/1, 40 cooperation in the area of the creation of Reg. 182/2011 laying down the rules and general unitary patent protection [2012] OJ L361/1, principles concerning mechanisms for control 143, 145, 167 by Member States of the Commission’s exercise Reg. 1260/2012 implementing enhanced of implementing powers [2011] OJ L55/13, 17 cooperation in the area of the creation of art. 2, 146 unitary patent protection with regard to the art. 3, 149 applicable translation arrangements [2012] OJ art. 3(2), 147 L361/89, 143, 167 art. 3(7), 148 Reg. 472/2013 on the strengthening of economic art. 4(1), 147 and budgetary surveillance of Member States in art. 4(2), 147 the euro area experiencing or threatened with art. 5, 147 serious difficulties with respect to their art. 6(1), 148 financial stability [2013] OJ L140/1, 145, 666 art. 6(3), 148 Reg. 473/2013 on common provisions for art. 6(4), 148 monitoring and assessing draft budgetary plans art. 7, 147 and ensuring the correction of excessive deficit art. 11, 148 of the Member States in the euro area [2013] OJ Reg. 1173/2011 on the effective enforcement of L140/11, 666, 673 budgetary surveillance in the euro area [2011] Reg. 407/2010 establishing a European Financial OJ L306/1, 666 Stabilisation Mechanism [2010] OJ L118/1, 40 art. 4, 668 Reg. 211/2011 on the European citizens’ initiative art. 4(1), 676 [2011] OJ 2011 L65/1, 77 art. 4(2), 676 Reg. 492/2011 on the freedom of movement for art. 5(1), 676 workers, replacing Reg. 1612/68/EEC, 490, 783, art. 6, 84 791, 804, 806 art. 8, 676 art. 7(2), 806 Reg. 1174/2011 on enforcement measures to correct art. 9, 806 excessive macroeconomic imbalances in the Reg. 1173/2011 on the effective enforcement of euro area [2011] OJ L 306/8, 666 budgetary surveillance in the euro area [2011] art. 3, 84, 669 OJ L306/1

xcviii Table of Treaties

art. 4(1) art. 3, 558, 564 art. 5(1) art. 3(2), 559 art. 5(4) arts. 7–15, 559 art. 6(1) art. 17(2), 560 Reg. 1174/2011 on enforcement measures to correct art. 28, 572 excessive macroeconomic imbalances in the Reg. 1024/2013 conferring specific tasks on the euro area [2011] OJ L306/8 European Central Bank concerning policies art. 3(1), 676 relating to the prudential supervision of credit art. 3(2), 676 institutions and the ongoing talks on banking art. 3(5), 676 union [2013] OJ L287/63, 142, 145, 657–8, 682, art. 3(6), 676 691–3 art. 6, 84 art. 3(6) Reg. 1175/2011 amending Regulation 1466/97 on art. 4, 142 the strengthening of the surveillance of art. 4(1), 692 budgetary positions and the surveillance and art. 4(1)(f), 692 coordination of economic policies [2011] OJ art. 4(3), 693 L306/12, 661, 666 art. 5(2), 692 Reg. 1176/2011 on the prevention and correction of art. 7(2), 692 macroeconomic imbalances [2011] OJ L306/25, art. 9(1), 693 673 art. 10(1), 692–3 art. 2(1), 668 art. 11(1), 693 art. 2(2), 668 art. 12, 693 art. 4(3), 668 art. 14(2), 693 art. 5(1), 668, 675 art. 18(1), 682 art. 6(1), 668 art. 19(1), 684 art. 7, 675 art. 20(2), 684 art. 7(1), 675 art. 20(4), 684 art. 7(2), 84, 675 art. 20(5), 684 art. 8(1), 675 art. 20(6), 684 art. 8(2), 675 art. 20(8), 684 art. 8(3), 675 art. 20(9), 684 art. 9, 675 art. 21(1), 685 art. 10(4), 675 art. 21(2), 685 art. 11, 673 art. 21(3), 685 Reg. 1177/2011 on speeding up and clarifying the art. 26(1), 685 implementation of the excessive deficit art. 26(3), 685 procedure [2011] OJ L306/33, 661, 666 art. 26(6), 682 Reg. 472/2013 on the strengthening of economic art. 26(7), 682 and budgetary surveillance of Member States in Reg. 243/2013 amending Regulation 659/1999 the euro area experiencing or threatened with laying down detailed rules for the application of serious difficulties with respect to their Article 93 of the EC Treaty [2013] OJ L204/15, financial stability [2013] OJ L140/1, 145, 666 993 Reg. 473/2013/EU on common provisions for COUNCIL RESOLUTIONS monitoring and assessing draft budgetary plans On the establishment of an exchange-rate and ensuring the correction of excessive deficit mechanism in the third stage of economic of the Member States in the euro area [2013] OJ and monetary union [1997] OJ C236/5, L140/11, 687 art. 4(2), 673 On limitation on admission of third-country art. 4(3), 673 nationals to the territory of the Member States art. 6(1), 673 for employment [1996] OJ C274/3, art. 7(1), 673 534 art. 7(3), 673 On renewable sources of energy [1998] OJ C198/01, Reg. 604/2013 establishing the criteria and 377, 851 mechanisms for determining the Member State On the Stability and Growth Pact [1997] OJ C236/1, responsibility for examining an application for 661 international protection lodged in one of the Member States by a third-country national or a INTER-INSTITUTIONAL AGREEMENTS stateless person [2013] OJ L180/31 2003 Better Law-making, 72, 117, 123

xcix Table of Treaties

JOINT DECLARATIONS NATIONAL LEGISLATION AND POLICY DOCUMENTS On practical arrangements for the co-decision Czech Republic procedure [2007] OJ C145/2, 124–5 Constitution, 234 France MISCELLANEOUS Labour Code, 590 EC–Turkey Association Council, Decision 1/80, 546 Germany ECB–NCBs outside the Euro area, Agreement laying Basic Law, 36–7, 204, 225, 228–9, 236, 241 down the operating procedures for an exchange art. 20(1), 237, 242 rate mechanism in EMU stage three [2006] OJ art. 20(2), 237, 242 C73/9, 687 art. 23, 225 ECN Model Leniency Programme, 892, 903, 929 art. 23(1), 226–7 European Central Bank, Decision 2010/5/ECB art. 24, 204 establishing a securities markets programme art. 25, 204 [2010] OJ L124/8, 43, 664, 687 art. 38, 237 European Parliament Resolution of 26 March 2009 art. 38(1), 241–2 on the White Paper on damages actions for art. 79(3), 226 breach of the EC antitrust rules P6-PROV (2009) Protection of Employees against Sexual 0187, 912, 914 Harassment Act 1994, 590 European Parliament Resolution of 2 February 2012 Ireland on ‘Towards a Coherent European Approach to Constitution Collective Redress’ (2011/2089/INI), 914 Employment Act 1998, 590 Framework Agreement on relations between the Italy European Parliament and the European Highway Code, 702 Commission [2010] OJ L304/47, 76, 100 Law No. 428/1990 on provisions for the fulﬁlment House of Lords European Union Committee, of obligations arising from Italy’s membership European Banking Union: Key Issues and of the Community, 342 Challenges (7th Report, TSO, 2012), 684–5 Sale of Grated Cheese Law, 731 House of Lords European Union Committee, Prüm: Luxembourg An effective weapon against terrorism and Constitution, 204 crime? (18th Report, TSO, 2006), 144–5 Netherlands House of Lords European Union Committee, European Constitution, 204 banking Union: Key Issues and Challenges (7th Law on Cold-calling, 739, 747, 758 Report, Stationery Ofﬁce, 2012), 684–5 Plant Protection Products Law, 188, 395, 839 House of Lords European Union Committee, The Poland Treaty of Lisbon: An Impact Assessment (10th Constitution, 54, 225 Report, TSO, 2008), 32 Spain House of Lords European Union Committee, The Civil Code, 311 Working Time Directive: A Response to the Constitution, 206, 225, 229, 263 European Commission’s Review (9th Report, Sweden TSO, 2003), 271, 273–4, 324, 605 Code of Procedure, 189 Review of the Balance of Competences between the United Kingdom United Kingdom and the European Union (Cm Competition Act 1998, 968 8415, London, SO, 2012), 52 Customs Consolidation Act 1976, 831 The Stockholm Programme: an open and secure Human Rights Act 1998, 1007 Europe serving and protecting the citizens, Race Relations Act 1976, 613 Council Doc. 17024/09, 551

Brexit

Agreement on the withdrawal of the United Kingdom Art. 10(1)(e)(iii), 522–3 of Great Britain and Northern Ireland from the art. 126, 49 European Union and the European Atomic Art. 126, 243 Energy Community (Withdrawal Agreement), Art. 127, 244 48–50, 159, 407–19, 522–5, 915 Art. 127(1), 168, 247, 282, 331, 536 Art. 1, 522 Art. 127(1)(b), 331 Art. 10, 522 Art. 127(5), 531 Art. 10(1)(a)-(b), 524 Art. 13, 522–3 Art. 10(1)(e), 523 Art. 131, 168, 358

c Table of Treaties

art. 132, 49 Art. 89(2), 418 Art. 132(1), 415 Art. 9(c), 522 Art. 132(3)(a), 415 Art. 92, 968 Art. 15, 522 Art. 95(1), 412 Art. 158, 198, 414, 419, 524 Art. 95(2), 412 Art. 158(1), 168, 198 Arts. 126-32, 331 Art. 159(1), 414, 419 Arts. 127-132, 522 Art. 159(3), 415 Arts. 167-181, 430 Art. 160, 419 Arts. 23-25, 522 Art. 163, 416 Arts. 27-32, 522 Art. 164(1), 414–15 Preamble, 411 Art. 164(3), 414 Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement Art. 164(4)(a), 415 (CETA), 437, 450–6 Art. 164(4)(b), 415 Art. 2.11, 450 Art. 164(5), 415 Art. 2.3, 450 Art. 165, 415 Art. 2.4, 450 Art. 166, 415 Art. 2.6, 450 Art. 169(1), 417 Art. 2.9, 450 Art. 17, 522 Art. 23.4, 426 Art. 170(1), 417 Art. 28.3, 451 Art. 170(2), 417 Art. 3.1.1, 450 Art. 171(1), 417 Art. 3.4.1, 451 Art. 171(3), 417 Art. 4.2, 450 Art. 171(4), 417 Art. 4.2.1, 450 Art. 171(5), 417 Art. 9.2, 452 Art. 171(8), 417 Art. 9.3, 452 Art. 171(9), 417 Art. 9.4, 453 Art. 173, 419 Art. 9.5, 452 Art. 173(1), 417 Art. 9.6, 452 Art. 173(2), 417 Art. 9.7, 452 Art. 174, 418 Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area (DCTFA), Art. 175, 417 446–8 Art. 177(2), 418 Directive 92/50, 447, 761, 860 Art. 178, 419 Draft Withdrawal Agreement Art. 178(2), 419 Art. 127(1)(b), 282, 522 Art. 179(2), 419 European Atomic Energy Community agreement, 48 Art. 179(3), 419 European Communities Act, 50, 243–4 Art. 179(5), 419 European Union (Notiﬁcation of Withdrawal) Act Art. 18(1)(e), 523 2017, 47–8 Art. 18(1)(f), 523 European Union Withdrawal Act 2018, 49–50, 160 Art. 18(1)(n)-(o), 523 s. 1, 50, 243 Art. 180(1), 417 s. 10(2)(b), 424 Art. 181(1), 417 s. 13, 50 Art. 22, 522 s. 13(1)(a)-(c), 410 Art. 23, 522 s. 13(1)(d), 410 Art. 24, 522 s. 13(3), 410 Art. 25, 522 s. 13(4), 410 Art. 33(2), 415 s. 2, 245, 460 Art. 4, 423 s. 2(2)(a)-(b), 245 Art. 4(1), 168 s. 2(2)(d), 245 Art. 4(4), 198 s. 3, 50, 245, 460 Art. 6, 424 s. 3(2), 245 Art. 7, 428 s. 4, 244, 460 Art. 86(1), 331 s. 4(1), 50, 325–6 Art. 86(2), 168, 198, 412 s. 4(2)(b), 245 Art. 87, 331 s. 5, 246–7, 282, 460 Art. 87(1), 412 s. 5(1), 50 Art. 89(1), 168, 198

ci Table of Treaties

s. 5(2), 325–6 Art. 1(1), 426 s. 5(4), 244, 282, 326 Art. 1(2), 426 s. 6, 199 Art. 1(4), 429 s. 6(1), 200 Art. 11, 426–7 s. 6(1)(b), 198 Art. 2(1), 49, 426, 429 s. 6(2), 200, 283, 326, 417 Art. 20, 415 s. 6(3), 200 Art. 21, 426 s. 6(3)(a), 283, 416 Art. 24(1), 427 s. 6(3)(b), 199 Art. 24(2), 427 s. 6(4), 199, 416 Art. 3(2), 426 s. 6(4)(5), 283 Art. 4, 423 s. 6(5), 199, 416 Art. 4(1), 426 s. 6(6), 200, 247 Art. 5, 420, 426 s. 6(7), 244 Art. 6, 415, 424–5, 427 s. 7(2)-(4), 50, 246 Art. 6(1), 425 s. 91(2), 367 Art. 6(2), 425, 429 Sch. I, 244, 282, 326 Art. 7, 428 European Union-Ukraine Agreement (L 161/3), 167, Art. 7(2), 426 437, 445 Art. 9, 426–7 Framework for the Future Relationship between the Art.24(1), 427 European Union and the United Kingdom, Art.24(2), 427 407–10, 432–7 Arts. 1(1), 2, 2(1), 4(1), 426 – Opinion 2/13, 170–4, 217, 251–2, 417 Arts. 17 20, 426 Protocol on Position of Denmark, 530–1, 663 Political Declaration: The Economic Partnership, 49, Protocol on Schengen Acquis 409–10, 432–7 art. 1, 530 Protocol on Ireland/Northern Ireland, 49–50 art. 5(1), 530 Annex 1, 423 Protocol on the Application of Certain Aspects of Annex 2 Article 26 TFEU, 420 Art. 2(1), 425 Protocol on UK/Ireland Art. 3(1), 425 Art. 1, 141 Art. 6(1), 425 Art. 2, 141, 531 Annex 3 Art. 3(1), 141, 531 Art. 1, 425 Art. 4, 531 Annex 4, 426–7 Annex 5, 426 Regulation 1049/2001/EC Annex 6, 426–7 Art. 6(3), 104 Annex 7, 426 Taxation (Cross-border Trade) Act 2018 Annex 8, 426 s. 55, 428 Art. 1, 420

Table of Equivalents

TREATY ON EUROPEAN UNION Lisbon Treaty numbers and their Amsterdam and Pre-Amsterdam equivalents (Amsterdam and Pre-Amsterdam is TEU unless speciﬁed otherwise)

Lisbon Amsterdam Pre-Amsterdam Lisbon Amsterdam Pre-Amsterdam 11 A 29 15 J.5 2 30 22 J.12 32 B 31 23 J.13 410EC 5EC 32 16 J.6 5 5 EC 3b EC 33 18 J.8 66 F 34 19 J.9 7 7 F.1 35 20 J.10 8 36 21 J.11 9 37 24 J.14 10 191(1) EC 138a 38 25 J.15 11 191(1) EC 138a 39 12 40 47 M 13 3, 5, 7, 8, 10 EC C, D 4, 4a. 5 EC 41 28 J.18 14 189/190/192/197 EC 137, 138, 138b, 140 EC 42 17 J.7 15 4 D 43 16 202/203/205 EC 145, 146, 148 EC 44 17 211/214/217 EC 155, 158, 161 EC 45 18 46 19 220/221/224 EC 164, 165, 168 EC 47 281 EC 210 EC 20 11/11A EC 48 48 N 27A–27E, 40–40B, 49 49 O 43–45 21 3 C 22 50 23 51 311 EC 239 EC 24 11 J.1 52 299(1) EC 227(1) EC 25 12 J.2 53 51 Q 26 13 J.3 54 52 R 27 55 53 S 28 14 J.4 314 EC 248 EC

ciii

civ Table of Equivalents

TREATY ON THE FUNCTIONING OF THE EUROPEAN UNION Lisbon Treaty numbers and their Amsterdam and Pre-Amsterdam equivalents (Amsterdam and Pre-Amsterdam is EC Treaty unless speciﬁed otherwise)

Lisbon Amsterdam Pre-Amsterdam Lisbon Amsterdam Pre-Amsterdam 1 48 42 51 2 49 43 52 3 50 44 54 4 51 45 55 5 52 46 56 6 53 47 57 7 3 TEU C TEU 54 48 58 8 3(2) 3(2) 55 294 221 9 56 49 59 10 57 50 60 11 6 3c 58 51 61 12 153(2) 129a 59 52 63 13 60 53 64 14 16 7d 61 54 65 15 255 191a 62 55 66 16 286 213b 63 56 73b 17 64 57 73c 18 12 6 65 58 73d 19 13 6a 66 59 73f 20 17 8 67 61 73i 21 18 8a 29 TEU K.1 TEU 22 19 8b 68 23 20 8c 69 24 21 8d 70 25 22 8e 71 36 TEU K.8 TEU 26 14 7a 72 64(1) 73l(1) 27 15 7c 33 TEU K.4 TEU 28 23 9 73 29 24 10 74 30 25 12 75 60 73g 31 26 28 76 32 27 29 77 62 73j 33 135 116 78 63(1, 2), 64(2) 73k(1, 2), 73l(2) 34 28 30 79 63(3, 4) 73k(3, 4) 35 29 34 80 36 30 36 81 65 73m 37 31 37 82 31 TEU K.3 TEU 38 32 38 83 31 TEU K.3 TEU 39 33 39 84 40 34 40 85 31 TEU K.3 TEU 41 35 41 86 42 36 42 87 30 TEU K.2 TEU 43 37 43 88 30 TEU K.2 TEU 44 38 46 89 32 TFEU K.4 TEU 45 39 48 90 70 74 46 40 49 91 71 75 47 41 50 92 72 76

cv Table of Equivalents

Lisbon Amsterdam Pre-Amsterdam Lisbon Amsterdam Pre-Amsterdam 93 73 77 145 125 109n 94 74 78 146 126 109o 95 75 79 147 127 109p 96 76 80 148 128 109q 97 77 81 149 129 109r 98 78 82 150 130 109s 99 79 83 151 136 117 100 80 84 152 101 81 85 153 137 118 102 82 86 154 138 118a 103 83 87 155 139 118b 104 84 88 156 140 118c 105 85 89 157 141 119 106 86 90 158 142 119a 107 87 92 159 143 120 108 88 93 160 144 121 109 89 94 161 145 122 110 90 95 162 146 123 111 91 96 163 147 124 112 92 98 164 148 125 113 93 99 165 149 126 114 95 100a 166 150 127 115 96 101 167 151 128 116 96 101 168 152 129 117 97 102 169 153(1, 3, 4, 5) 129a 118 170 154 129b 119 4 3a 171 155 129c 120 98 102a 172 156 129d 121 99 103 173 157 130 122 100 103a 174 158 130a 123 101 104 175 159 130b 124 102 104a 176 160 130c 125 103 104b 177 161 130d 126 104 104c 178 162 130e 127 105 105 179 163 130f 128 106 105a 180 164 130g 129 107 106 181 165 130h 130 108 107 182 166 130i 131 109 108 183 167 130j 132 110 108a 184 168 130k 133 185 169 130l 134 114 109c 186 170 130m 135 115 109d 187 171 130n 136 188 172 130o 137 189 138 111(4) 109(4) 190 173 130p 139 191 174 130r 140 121(1), 122(2), 123(5) 109j, 109k, 109l 192 175 130s 141 123(3), 117(2) 109l(3), 109f(2) 193 176 130t 142 124(1) 109m(1) 194 143 119 109h 195 144 120 109i 196

cvi Table of Equivalents

Lisbon Amsterdam Pre-Amsterdam Lisbon Amsterdam Pre-Amsterdam 197 249 218(2) 162(2) 198 182 131 250 219 163 199 183 132 200 184 133 251 221(2), (3) 165 201 185 134 252 222 166 202 186 135 253 223 167 203 187 136 254 224 168 204 188 136a 255 205 256 225 168a 206 131 110 257 225a 168a 207 133 113 258 226 169 208 177/178 130u/130v 259 227 170 209 179 130w 260 228 171 210 180 130x 261 229 172 211 181 130y 262 229a 172 212 181a 130y 263 230 173 213 264 231 174 214 265 232 175 215 266 233 176 216 267 234 177 217 310 238 268 235 178 218 269 219 111(1, 3, 5) 109(1, 3, 5) 270 236 179 220 302, 303, 304 229, 230, 231 271 237 180 221 272 238 181 222 273 239 182 223 190(4, 5) 138(3) 274 240 183 224 191(2) 138(3) 275 225 192(2) 138b 276 226 193 138c 277 241 184 227 194 138d 278 242 185 228 195 138e 279 243 186 229 196 139 280 244 187 230 197(2)–(4) 140 281 245 188 231 198 141 282 8 4a 232 199 142 283 112 109a 233 200 143 284 113 109b 234 201 144 285 246 188a 235 286 247 188b 236 287 248 188c 237 204 147 288 249 189 238 205(1, 3) 148(1, 3) 289 239 206 150 290 202 145 240 207 151 291 202 145 241 208 152 292 242 209 153 293 250 189a 243 210 154 294 251 189b 244 295 245 213 157 296 253 190 246 215 159 297 254 191 247 216 160 298 248 217(2) 161 299 256 192

cvii Table of Equivalents

Lisbon Amsterdam Pre-Amsterdam Lisbon Amsterdam Pre-Amsterdam 300 257/258/263 193/194/198a 329 301 258(1), (2), (4) 194(1), (2), (4) 330 302 259 195 331 303 260 196 332 304 262 198 333 305 263(2), (3), (4) 198a(2), (3), (4) 334 306 264 198b 335 282 211 307 265 198c 336 283 212 308 266 198d 337 284 213 309 267 198e 338 285 213a 310 268/270 199/201a 339 287 214 311 269 200 340 288 215 312 341 289 216 313 272(1) 203 342 290 217 343 291 218 314 272(2–10) 203 344 292 219 315 273 204 345 295 222 316 271 202 346 296 223 317 274 205 347 297 224 318 275 205a 348 298 225 319 276 206 349 299(2)–(4) 227 320 277 207 350 306 233 321 278 208 351 307 234 322 279 209 352 308 235 323 353 324 354 309 236 325 280 210 355 299(2)–(6) 227 326 356 312 240 327 357 313 247 328 358

Informative EU Related Websites and Blogs

General EU Law https://jonworth.eu/ European Law Blog Ideas on Europe http://europeanlawblog.eu/ https://ideasoneurope.eu/ EU Law Analysis Centre for European Reform http://eulawanalysis.blogspot.com/ https://www.cer.eu/ EJIL:Talk! Centre for European Policy Studies http://eulawanalysis.blogspot.com/ https://www.ceps.eu/ European Parliamentary Research Service Blog Bruegel https://epthinktank.eu/ http://bruegel.org/blog/ Eutopia Law https://eutopialaw.com/ Brexit KSLR EU Law Blog University of Bristol Law School https://blogs.kcl.ac.uk/ https://legalresearch.blogs.bris.ac.uk/?s= kslreuropeanlawblog/#.XDnYllz7RPY brexit Despite our Differences Brexit Border Blog https://despiteourdifferencesblog http://brexitborder.com/ .wordpress.com/ Chris Grey Brexit Blog European Law Monitor http://chrisgreybrexitblog.blogspot.com/ https://www.europeanlawmonitor.org/ Pete North EU Politics and Policy http://peterjnorth.blogspot.com/ Brexit Central EUROPP by LSE https://brexitcentral.com/ http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/europpblog/ European Centre for International Political The UK in a Changing Europe Economy http://ukandeu.ac.uk/ http://ecipe.org/blog/ Dahrendorf Forum Open Europe http://www.dahrendorf-forum.eu/ https://openeurope.org.uk/today/blog/ dahrendorf-blog/ Bruges Group Journal of Common Market Studies https://www.brugesgroup.com/blog/ https://jcms.ideasoneurope.eu/ blogger Jon Worth

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cx Informative EU Related Websites and Blogs

Specialised Topics Competition Chilling Competition Migration https://chillingcompetition.com/ EU Immigration and Asylum Law and Policy How to Crack a Nut http://eumigrationlawblog.eu/ http://www.howtocrackanut.com/ MPC Blog Kluwer Competition Law Blog https://blogs.eui.eu/ http://competitionlawblog.kluwer migrationpolicycentre/ competitionlaw.com/ Rights in Exile http://rightsinexile.tumblr.com/ EU Law Enforcement The Migrationist EU Law Enforcement https://themigrationist.net/ http://eulawenforcement.com/ Trade EU Constitutional Law Regulating for Globalisation Verfassungsblog http://regulatingforglobalization.com/ https://verfassungsblog.de/ 2017/11/26/welcome-to-regulating-for- globalization-blog/ EFILA https://eﬁlablog.org/

Time Line

19 September 1946 Speech by Winston Churchill at University of Zurich calling for a ‘United States of Europe’. 04 April 1949 Treaty establishing the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO). 05 May 1949 Treaty of London establishing the Council of Europe. 09 May 1950 Schuman Declaration. 24 October 1950 Pleven Plan proposing a European Defence Community. 04 November 1950 European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (ECHR). 18 April 1951 Treaty of Paris establishing the European Coal and Steel Community (Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands). 27 May 1952 Treaty establishing a European Defence Community (Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands). 30 August 1954 French Assembly vote down European Defence Community. 20 May 1955 BENELUX Memorandum proposing customs union presented to ECSC Heads of Government (Beyen Plan). 1–3 June 1955 Messina Conference discussing steps for further European integration. 21 April 1956 Presentation of Spaak Report to ECSC Heads of Government. 25 March 1957 Signing of Treaty of Rome establishing the European Economic Community (EEC) and European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) (Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands). 04 January 1960 Treaty of Stockholm establishing European Free Trade Association (EFTA) (Austria, Denmark, Norway, Portugal, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom). 14 January 1963 British application for EEC membership vetoed by French Government and negotiations with Denmark, Ireland, Norway and United Kingdom end. 05 February 1963 Van Gend en Loos judgment of Court of Justice. 15 July 1963 Plaumann judgment of Court of Justice. 15 July 1964 Costa v. ENEL judgment of Court of Justice.

cxi

cxii Time Line

08 April 1965 Merger Treaty creating common institutions for three Communities. 30 June 1965 ‘Empty chair crisis’. Refusal of French Government to take its seat in the Council. 29 January 1966 Luxembourg Accords ending ‘empty chair crisis’ and agreeing not to vote on any measure where any Member State raises ‘very important interests’. 13 July 1966 Consten and Grundig judgment of the Court of Justice. 27 November 1967 Second British application to join the European Economic Community vetoed by the French Government. 31 December 1969 End of the Transitional Period. 21 April 1970 Own Resources Decision establishing independent Community Budget. 17 December 1970 Internationale Handelsgesellschaft judgment of the Court of Justice. 19–21 October 1972 19–21 October 1972 Paris Summit establishing social and environment policy as objectives of European integration and creating the ‘snake in the tunnel’, the ﬁrst system of European monetary cooperation. 01 January 1973 Denmark, Ireland and United Kingdom accede to the EEC. Norway refuses to do so after referendum. 21 February 1973 Continental Can judgment of the Court of Justice. 29 May 1974 Internationale Handelsgesellschaft judgment of German Constitutional Court. 04 December 1974 Van Duyn judgment of the Court of Justice. 10–11 March 1975 First European Council held in Dublin. 08 April 1976 Defrenne judgment of Court of Justice. 06 December 1978 Brussels European Council establishing European Monetary System and Exchange Rate Mechanism. 20 February 1979 Cassis de Dijon judgment of the Court of Justice. 7–10 June 1979 First direct elections to European Parliament. 01 January 1981 Greece joins the European Community. 19 June 1983 Stuttgart European Council Solemn Declaration on European Union. 14 February 1984 European Parliament Draft Treaty on European Union. 01 February 1985 Greenland leaves the European Economic Community. 14 June 1985 Commission White Paper on Completing the Internal Market. 14 June 1985 Schengen Convention for the gradual abolition of checks at common borders (Belgium, France, Germany, Luxembourg, Netherlands). 8–29 June 1985 Milan European Council opening Intergovernmental Conference (IGC) which leads to Single European Act. 01 January 1986 Portugal and Spain accede to the European Economic Community. 17 and 18 February Single European Act signed committing the European Economic 1986 Community to complete the internal market by 31 December 1992. 01 July 1987 Single European Act enters into effect. The European Economic Community henceforth known as the European Community. 22 October 1987 Foto-Frost judgment of the Court of Justice.

cxiii Time Line

27–28 June 1988 Hannover European Council asks the President of the Commission, Jacques Delors, to chair a committee comprising the national central bankers to examine practical steps to realise economic and monetary union. 20 September 1988 Speech by British Prime Minister at the College of Europe, Bruges, criticising the direction and pace of European integration. 24 October 1988 Council establishes Court of First Instance (now the General Court). 09 November 1989 Fall of the Berlin Wall. 8–9 December 1989 Strasbourg European Council agree to convene an IGC to amend the EC Treaty to enable economic and monetary union. 19 June 1990 Convention implementing the Schengen Agreement. 25–26 June 1990 Dublin European Council agree to convene an IGC on political union. 18 June 1991 ERT judgment of the Court of Justice. 19 November 1991 Francovich judgment of the Court of Justice. 07 February 1992 Treaty on European Union (TEU) signed at Maastricht. 02 May 1992 Treaty of Oporto establishing the European Economic Area between the European Community and the EFTA States. 02 June 1992 Danish referendum rejects TEU by 50 to 49.7 per cent. 20 September 1992 French referendum approves TEU by 51 to 49 per cent. 11 December 1992 Edinburgh European Council set out principles which allow second Danish referendum to be held on TEU (which approves the TEU in 1993, with 56.8 per cent of votes in favour). 22 June 1993 Copenhagen European Council sets criteria for membership for States from Central and Eastern Europe (‘Copenhagen criteria’). 15 October 1993 Brunner judgment of the German Constitutional Court on the constitutionality of the TEU. 01 November 1993 TEU enters into force. European Union comes into being. 24 November 1993 Keck judgment of the Court of Justice. 01 January 1995 Austria, Finland and Sweden accede to the European Union. Norway refuses to do so after a referendum. 15 December 1995 Bosman judgment of the Court of Justice. 02 October 1997 Treaty of Amsterdam signed establishing, inter alia, the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice. 12 May 1998 Martinez Sala judgment of the Court of Justice. 01 January 1999 Eleven Member States (all Member States other than Denmark, Greece, Sweden and United Kingdom) enter into the third stage of EMU, the single currency arrangements. 15 March 1999 Resignation of Santer Commission following allegations of maladministration and corruption. 01 May 1999 Treaty of Amsterdam enters into force. 12 May 2000 Speech by German Foreign Minister, Joschka Fischer, at Humboldt University, Berlin, in which he calls for a need to determine the ﬁnal point (‘ﬁnality’) of European integration. 02 October 2000 Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (EUCFR) proclaimed by European Convention drafting it.

cxiv Time Line

26 February 2001 Treaty of Nice signed. 07 June 2001 Irish referendum rejects Treaty of Nice by 53.87 per cent of the votes. 25 July 2001 Adoption of Commission White Paper on European Governance. 20 September 2001 Courage v. Crehan judgment of the Court of Justice. 15 December 2001 Laeken Declaration of the European Council on the Future of the European Union establishes the Future of Europe Convention to propose treaty amendments allowing for institutional reform and constitutionalisation of the Treaties. 01 January 2002 Euro banknotes are circulated for the first time. 21 June 2002 Seville Declaration offers Ireland certain guarantees, on which basis a second referendum is held ratifying the Treaty of Nice in 2002 (with 62.9 per cent in favour). 01 February 2003 Treaty of Nice comes into force. 18 July 2003 Future of Europe Convention proposes a Draft Treaty Establishing a Constitution for Europe. 01 May 2004 Czech Republic, Cyprus, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovenia and Slovakia accede to the European Union. 29 October 2004 Following on from the Future of Europe Convention, the Member States sign the Constitutional Treaty. 29 May and 1 June Constitutional Treaty rejected in French and Dutch referendums by 27 June 2005 54.68 per cent and 61.54 per cent of votes, respectively. 22 November 2005 Mangold judgment of the Court of Justice. 01 January 2007 Bulgaria and Romania accede to the European Union. 13 December 2007 Signing of Lisbon Treaty. 12 June 2008 Irish referendum rejects Lisbon Treaty by 53.4 per cent. 03 September 2008 Kadi I judgment of the Court of Justice. 19 June 2009 Declaration adopted by the European Council on the ‘concerns of the Irish people’ on which basis a second referendum ratified the Lisbon Treaty by 67.1 per cent. 30 June 2009 Lisbon Treaty judgment of the German Constitutional Court. 21 October 2009 Greek Government announces that its budget deficit is not 3.5 per cent of GDP as initially estimated but 12.5 per cent. 01 December 2009 Entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty. 02 May 2010 IMF and euro area governments agree €110 billion loan to Greece. 09 May 2010 European Financial Stability Facility (EFSF) established to provide €440 billion of conditional loans to euro area States experiencing public financing difficulties. 14 May 2010 Securities Market Programme (SMP) established by European Central Bank to purchase securities of euro area States having difficulties raising capital. 28 November 2010 €85 billion conditional loan facility provided to Ireland. 08 March 2011 Zambrano judgment of the Court of Justice. 04 May 2011 €78 billion conditional loan facility provided to Portugal. 31 January 2012 Slovak Pensions judgment of the Czech Constitutional Court.

cxv Time Line

02 February 2012 European Stability Mechanism Treaty (ESM) signed between euro area States, subsuming EFSF and offering up to €500 billion conditional loans to euro area States experiencing public ﬁnancing difﬁculties. 02 March 2012 Treaty on Stability, Coordination and Governance in the Economic and Monetary Union (TSCG) signed by all Member States other than Czech Republic and United Kingdom. 13 May 2012 Second conditional loan facility of €130 billion provided to Greece. 09 June 2012 €100 billion conditional loan facility offered to Spanish banks. 06 September 2012 European Central Bank replaces SMP with Outright Monetary Transaction (OMT) Programme committing itself to potentially unlimited purchase of euro area government securities. 12 September 2012 European Stability Mechanism (Temporary Injunctions) judgment of the German Constitutional Court. 08 October 2012 ESM Treaty enters into effect. 27 November 2012 Pringle judgment of the Court of Justice. 01 January 2013 TSCG enters into effect. 23 January 2013 British Prime Minister, David Cameron, commits the Conservative Party, if re-elected, to renegotiate the United Kingdom’s relationship with the European Union and to submit it to a referendum by 31 December 2017. 05 April 2013 Fransson judgment of the Court of Justice. 13 May 2013 €10 billion conditional loan facility provided to Cyprus. 01 July 2013 Croatia accedes to the European Union. 18 July 2013 Kadi II judgment of the Court of Justice. 08 December 2013 Ireland successfully exits its EFSF loan arrangement. 31 December 2013 Spain successfully exits the ESM loan arrangement for its banks. 14 January 2014 German Constitutional Court questions legality of Outright Monetary Transactions Program of the European Central Bank. 21 January 2014 Accession negotiations opened with Serbia. 18 May 2014 Portugal exits its ESM Programme. 27 June 2014 Albania granted candidate status for membership of the European Union. 15 July 2014 Jean-Claude Juncker appointed to be President of the European Commission on the basis of the Spitzenkandidat system. 4 November 2014 Single Supervisory Mechanism comes into effect. 11 November 2014 Dano judgment of the Court of Justice. 18 December 2014 Opinion of the Court of Justice on Union accession to the European Convention on Human Rights. 22 January 2015 ECB announce expansion of asset purchase programme. 12 March 2015 Iceland withdraws application for EU membership. 16 June 2015 Gauweiler judgment of the Court of Justice. 17 June 2015 Hungary announces construction of wall between it and Serbia to prevent non-EU nationals entering its territory.

cxvi Time Line

25 August 2015 Germany announces suspension of Dublin Regulation so that it will accept asylum seekers who have transited through other Union States. 22 September 2015 Decision 2015/1601 relocating 120,000 asylum seekers from Italy and Greece to other EU States. 16 October 2015 Hungary closes its border with Croatia to non-EU migration. 19 February 2016 European Council agrees new settlement for the United Kingdom in anticipation of UK referendum on EU membership. 18 March 2016 EU–Turkey agreement on return of non-EU nationals. 31 March 2016 Cyprus exits the ESM. 23 June 2016 United Kingdom votes by 51.9 per cent of votes to 48.1 per cent to leave the European Union. 24 January 2017 UK Supreme Court judgment in R (Miller) v. Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union. 16 March 2017 European Union (Notiﬁcation of Withdrawal) Act given royal assent. 29 March 2017 United Kingdom submits Article 50 TEU notice to the European Council to leave the European Union. 6 September 2017 Slovakia and Hungary v. Council judgment of the Court of Justice. 8 December 2017 Joint Report of EU and UK negotiators on Progress of Article 50 TEU Negotiations. 20 December 2017 Commission proposes action against Poland under Article 7 TEU for failure to uphold the rule of law. 17 April 2018 Egenberger judgment of the Court of Justice. 26 June 2018 European Union (Withdrawal) Act given royal assent. 20 August 2018 Greece exits its ESM programme. 25 November 2018 Heads of EU Governments endorse Withdrawal Agreement with the United Kingdom and Political Declaration on the Future Relationship between the United Kingdom and the European Union. 11 December 2018 Weiss judgment of the Court of Justice. 13 December 2018 ECB announces end of Asset Purchase Programme. 15 January 2019 The UK House of Common votes against approving the Withdrawal Agreement and Political Declaration on the Future Relationship by 432 votes to 202 votes. 11 March 2019 Agreement on Instrument relating to the agreement on the withdrawal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland from the European Union and the European Atomic Energy Community. 12 March 2019 The UK House of Common votes against approving the Withdrawal Agreement and Political Declaration on the Future Relationship by 391 votes to 242 votes. 22 March 2019 European Council Decision allows for Brexit not to take place until 22 May 2019. 29 March 2019 The UK House of Common votes against approving the Withdrawal Agreement and Political Declaration on the Future Relationship by 344 votes to 286 votes. 10 April 2019 European Council Decision allows for Brexit not to take place until 31 October 2019.