The Preparatory Survey on the Project for Improvement of Agricultural Production and Productivity in Dry Zone Areas in Democratic Socialist Republic of Final Report

ANNEXED FIGURES

The Preparatory Survey on the Project for Improvement of Agricultural Production and Productivity in Dry Zone Areas in Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka Final Report List of Figures Figure A 3.1 Administration Boundary ...... F 3-1 Figure A 3.2 Administrative Structure of Provincial Council ...... F 3-2 Figure A 3.3 Overall Management Organization Chart, Northern Provincial Council ( in the absence of council- an elected body) ...... F 3-3 Figure A 3.4 Organization Structure of Central Department of Agriculture ...... F 3-4 Figure A 3.5 Organization Structure of Ministry of Agriculture ...... F 3-5 Figure A 3.6 Organization Structure of Provincial Department of Agriculture and Animal Production & Health ...... F 3-6 Figure A 3.7 Organization Structure of Ministry of Livestock and Rural Community Development ...... F 3-7 Figure A 3.8 Agro Ecological Zone ...... F 3-8 Figure A 3.9 Soil Map ...... F 3-9 Figure A 3.10 Soil Suitability for OFC and Vegetable Cultivation (DS-wise) ...... F 3-10 Figure A 3.11 River Basin ...... F 3-11 Figure A 3.12 Distribution of major OFC production in survey area ...... F 3-12 Figure A 3.13 Distribution of major vegetable production in survey area...... F 3-13 Figure A 3.14 Distribution of major fruit production in survey area...... F 3-14 Figure A 3.15 Traditional Vegetable Supply Chains in Sri Lanka ...... F 3-15 Figure A 3.16 Procurement and Distribution of Vegetable by Leading Supermarkets in Sri Lanka ...... F 3-16 Figure A 3.17 Procurement and Distribution of Vegetable by Leading Supermarkets in Sri Lanka ...... F 3-17 Figure A 3.18 Wholesale Price of OFC at Major Market ...... F 3-18 Figure A 3.19 Organization Structure of Irrigation Department ...... F 3-19 Figure A 3.20 Organization of Irrigation Management Division ...... F 3-20 Figure A 3.21 Organization Structure of Mahaweli Authority of Sri Lanka ...... F 3-21 Figure A 3.22 Organization Structure of Provincial Irrigation Department ...... F 3-22 Figure A 3.23 Organization Structure of Road Development Authority ...... F 3-23 Figure A 3.24 Organization Structure of Provincial Road Development Department ...... F 3-24 Figure A 3.25 Organization Structure of Ministry of Economic Development ...... F 3-25 Figure A 3.26 Organization Structure of Ministry of Local Government & Provincial Council ...... F 3-26 Figure A 3.27 Structure of Government Agencies and Officials related to FOs and CBO ..... F 3-27

Figure A 4.1 Location Map of Cultivation Zone in Potential Area ...... F 4-1 Figure A 4.2 Problem Tree Malwanegama (North-Central) ...... F 4-2 Figure A 4.3 Objective Tree Malwanegama (North-Central) ...... F 4-3 Figure A 4.4 Problem Tree Thiriyay (Eastern) ...... F 4-4 Figure A 4.5 Objective Tree Thiriyay (Eastern) ...... F 4-5 Figure A 4.6 Problem Tree Saliyawewa (North-Western) ...... F 4-6 Figure A 4.7 Objective Tree Saliyawewa (North-Western) ...... F 4-7 Figure A 4.8 Problem Tree Thenagallanda (Uva) ...... F 4-8 Figure A 4.9 Objective Tree Thenagallanda (Uva) ...... F 4-9 Figure A 4.10 Problem Tree Periyapandivirichchan (Northern) ...... F 4-10 Figure A 4.11 Objective Tree Periyapandivirichchan (Northern) ...... F 4-11 Figure A 4.12 Project Concept Summary ...... F 4-12

The Preparatory Survey on the Project for Improvement of Agricultural Production and Productivity in Dry Zone Areas in Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka Final Report

Figure A 3.1 Administration Boundary

F 3-1 The Preparatory Survey on the Project for Improvement of Agricultural Production and Productivity in Dry Zone Areas in Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka Final Report

GOVERNOR

PROVINCIAL COUNCIL

CHIEF MINISTER

CHIEF BOARD OF SECRETARY MINISTERS

PPSC

SECTOR SECRETARIES CO-OP EMP COM

GOVT. AGENTS/ PROVINCIAL HEADS DISTRICT COMMISSIONERS OF DEPARTMENTS DISTRICT SECRETARIES

DISTRICT HEADS OF DEPARTMENTS

A.G.AA / LOCAL AUTHORITIES DIVISIONAL COMMISSIONERS (U.C/M.C DIVISIONAL SECRETARIES /PRADESHIYA SABHA)

GRAMA GRAMODAYA NILADHARIES MANDALAYA

VILLAGE LEVEL ORGANIZATION

Figure A 3.2 Administrative Structure of Provincial Council

F 3-2 The Preparatory Survey on the Project for Improvement of Agricultural Production and Productivity in Dry Zone Areas in Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka Final Report

Figure A 3.3 Overall Management Organization Chart, Northern Provincial Council ( in the absence of council- an elected body)

F 3-3 The Preparatory Survey on the Project for Improvement of Agricultural Production and Productivity in Dry Zone Areas in Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka Final Report Pr es s Direc tor Direc tor Se. Deputy Se. Admin. & Fin. & Admin. Communication Broadcasting, TV Information Center Information Deputy DirectorsDeputy Audio Visual Center Lecturers SEPC Direc tor SCSPP Direc tor Direc tor Education Se. Deputy Se. Deputy Direc tors Ex ams Schools Kundasale Palw ehara Angunukola Anuradhapura Labuduw a Karapincha Vavuniya Wariyapola Bibile SPM Director AI DIRECTOR GENERAL E & T Officers Direc tor Director Extension Se. Deputy Se. Segment Agri. Segment Deputy Directors Deputy Interprovincial Ampara Anuradhapura Polonnaruw a Hambantota Moneragala Kandy FCRDI Direc tor SMOs RRDI Direc tor Deputy Directors Deputy InserviceIns. Training Ins. Training Mechanization Farm Centers District Training Ag.Enterprice Dev.Center Center Dev. Keeping Bee Unit Exhibition Quarter Head HORDI Direc tor HORDI :Horticultural Research Development and Institute RRDI Institute Development and Research Institute Rice : FCRDI Development and Research Crops Field : E & T :Protection Extension Division Training and Plant SPSPP and Certification Seed : SEPC : Socio-EconomicSPM Planning Center Division Material Planting and Seed :

Source: Central Department of Agriculture Figure A 3.4 Organization Structure of Central Department of Agriculture

F 3-4 The Preparatory Survey on the Project for Improvement of Agricultural Production and Productivity in Dry Zone Areas in Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka Final Report

/

DD Ad

Director Planning /

DD Ad

Director Northern Development Agri.

Secretary

/ Development

DD Ad

Additional NRM Execu t ive Coordinator /

DD Ad /

DD Ad

Director Development /

DD Ad

(Procurement) Accountant

Chief Accountant

(Payment) Accountant

AS

Secretary Agriculture

of

Secretary S.A.S. Administration Est ab lish men t Additional Ministry AS AS

S.A.S Admin. AS /

DD Ad

Organ ic

Fertilizer / Director

DD Ad /

DD Ad

Tech n o lo gy

Director / Agri.

DD Ad

Secretary

Tech n o lo gy

/

Agri. DD Ad Additional Project Director /

DD Ad emen t g Man a

Secretary

SO

Officer Director

Secretary Resource

Assistant Director

Statistic Execu t ive Coordinator Assistant Statistical Deputy Assistant SO –Senior –Natural

‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ AS AD S.A.S SO DD NRM

Internal Auditor

Figure A 3.5 Organization Structure of Ministry of Agriculture

F 3-5 The Preparatory Survey on the Project for Improvement of Agricultural Production and Productivity in Dry Zone Areas in Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka Final Report

Livestock Officer Livestock Training Extension & Health Director Specialists VS Specialists Subject Matter Deputy Provincial Animal Production & Animal Development Artificial Development Provincial Director of Dairy Goat Development Development Poultry / Development Pig LDI Surgeon Divisional District Vet District Head Office Vet Surgeon Vet Provincial Ministry of riculture g Subject Subject of A of Matter OfficersMatter Matter Officers Matter Assistant Director Agriculture and Animal Production AI LDI Agriculture of Segment Director District : Deputy/Assistant Assistant Director Assistant Provincial Director of Director Deputy Provincial

Source: Provincial Department of Agriculture, Animal Production and Health, North Central Province Figure A 3.6 Organization Structure of Provincial Department of Agriculture and Animal Production & Health

F 3-6 The Preparatory Survey on the Project for Improvement of Agricultural Production and Productivity in Dry Zone Areas in Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka Final Report Staff (SLAccS) II - II/II - I - II/II - II Subordinate Internal Audit Internal Staff (SLPS) (SLPS) Director Subordinate (Development) Deputy Director/ Deputy AssistantDirector 02 Staff (SLAS) Additional Secretary Additional (Development)(SLAS) Subordinate Deputy Director/ Deputy Assistant DirectorAssistant 02 (SLAS) Director (Development) Staff (SLES) Engineer Subordinate (SLAPHS) (SLAPHS) Secretary Subordinate Staff Subordinate Deputy Director/ Deputy Additional Secretary Additional (Livestock) (SLAPHS) Assistant DirectorAssistant -04 Director (Livestock) - 03 - (Livestock) Director (SLAccS) (SLAccS) Accountants 02 Accountants Subordinate Staff Subordinate Chief Accountant Chief Additional Secretary Additional (Admin &Finance) (SLAS) (SLAS) (SLAS) Assistant Secretary -02 Secretary Secretary -02 Secretary Senior Assistant Senior Subordinate Staff Subordinate Administrative Officer

Figure A 3.7 Organization Structure of Ministry of Livestock and Rural Community Development

F 3-7 The Preparatory Survey on the Project for Improvement of Agricultural Production and Productivity in Dry Zone Areas in Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka Final Report

Figure A 3.8 Agro Ecological Zone

F 3-8 The Preparatory Survey on the Project for Improvement of Agricultural Production and Productivity in Dry Zone Areas in Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka Final Report

Figure A 3.9 Soil Map

F 3-9 The Preparatory Survey on the Project for Improvement of Agricultural Production and Productivity in Dry Zone Areas in Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka Final Report

Suitable Area Ratio

More than 80% 80% - 60%

60% - 40% 40% - 20% Less than 20%

Figure A 3.10 Soil Suitability for OFC and Vegetable Cultivation (DS-wise)

F 3-10 The Preparatory Survey on the Project for Improvement of Agricultural Production and Productivity in Dry Zone Areas in Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka Final Report

18 Walawe Ganga 37 Karanda Oya 52 Mundeni Aru 67 82 Kalwalappu Aru 97 Kalagamuna Oya 20 Malala Oya 38 Semana Aru 53 Miyangolla Ela 68 Mee Oya 83 Akkarayan Aru 98 Rathambala Oya 22 39 Tandiadi Aru 54 69 Ma Oya 84 Mandakal Aru 99 23 Bambawe Ara 40 Kangikadichi Aru 55 Puliyanpota Aru 70 Churiyan Aru 85 Pallavarayan Kaddu 100 Karambalan Oya 24 Mahasilawa Oya 41 Rufus Kulam Aru 56 Kirimechchi Odai 71 Chavar Aru 86 101 Ratmal Oya 26 42 Pannel Oya 57 Bodigolla Aru 72 Palladi Aru 87 Chappi Aru 102 27 Katupila Ara 43 Ambalam Oya 58 Mandan Aru 73 Manal Aru 88 28 Kurundu Ara 44 59 Makarachchi Aru 74 Kodalikallu Aru 89 29 Nabadagas Ara 45 Andella Oya 60 Mahaweli Ganga 75 90 Aruvi Aru 31 46 Tumpan Keni 61 Kantale basin 76 Pali Aru 91 Kal Aru 32 Bagura Oya 47 Namakada Aru 62 Palampotta Ara 77 Maruthapillay Aru 92 Moderagam Aru 33 Girikula Ara 48 Mandipattu Aru 63 Panna Oya 78 Theravil Aru 93 34 Helawe Ara 49 Pathantoppu Aru 64 Pankulam Aru 79 Piramenthal Aru 94 Moongil Ara 35 Wila Oya 50 Vett Aru 65 Kunchikumban Aru 80 Metheli Aru 95 36 Heda Oya 51 Unnichchai 66 Palakutta Aru 81 96 Madurankuli Aru Figure A 3.11 River Basin

F 3-11 The Preparatory Survey on the Project for Improvement of Agricultural Production and Productivity in Dry Zone Areas in Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka Final Report

Chillies (green) Red onion

Maize Green gram Source: Agricultural Profile 2006 HARTI Figure A 3.12 Distribution of major OFC production in survey area

F 3-12 The Preparatory Survey on the Project for Improvement of Agricultural Production and Productivity in Dry Zone Areas in Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka Final Report (Source: Agricultural Profile 2006 HARTI

Bitter gourd Capsicum

Tomato Brinjal Figure A 3.13 Distribution of major vegetable production in survey area.

F 3-13 The Preparatory Survey on the Project for Improvement of Agricultural Production and Productivity in Dry Zone Areas in Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka Final Report

Mango Pineapple

Banana Papaw Source: Agricultural Profile 2006 HARTI Figure A 3.14 Distribution of major fruit production in survey area.

F 3-14 The Preparatory Survey on the Project for Improvement of Agricultural Production and Productivity in Dry Zone Areas in Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka Final Report

Source: “Marketing of Vegetables through Supermarkets: Implication of Procurement Practices for Farmers” Ruvini Vidanapathirana et al, HARTI, 2011

Figure A 3.15 Traditional Vegetable Supply Chains in Sri Lanka

F 3-15 The Preparatory Survey on the Project for Improvement of Agricultural Production and Productivity in Dry Zone Areas in Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka Final Report

Source: “Marketing of Vegetables through Supermarkets: Implication of Procurement Practices for Farmers” Ruvini Vidanapathirana et al, HARTI, 2011 Figure A 3.16 Procurement and Distribution of Vegetable by Leading Supermarkets in Sri Lanka

F 3-16 The Preparatory Survey on the Project for Improvement of Agricultural Production and Productivity in Dry Zone Areas in Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka Final Report

Source: “Marketing of Vegetables through Supermarkets: Implication of Procurement Practices for Farmers” Ruvini Vidanapathirana et al, HARTI, 2011

Figure A 3.17 Procurement and Distribution of Vegetable by Leading Supermarkets in Sri Lanka

F 3-17 The Preparatory Survey on the Project for Improvement of Agricultural Production and Productivity in Dry Zone Areas in Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka Final Report

Green Gram

Price (Rs./kg) 250

200

150

100

50

0 JAN. FEB. MAR. APR. MAY JUNE JULY AUG. SEP. OCT. NOV. DEC.

Green Bean Price (Rs./kg) 250

200

150

100

50

0 JAN. FEB. MAR. APR. MAY JUNE JULY AUG. SEP. OCT. NOV. DEC. Month 2009 SRI LANKA 2009 COLOMBO 2009 DAMBULLA 2009 Avg Target District

2010 SRI LANKA 2010 COLOMBO 2010 DAMBULLA 2010 Avg Target District

Figure A 3.18 Wholesale Price of OFC at Major Market

F 3-18 The Preparatory Survey on the Project for Improvement of Agricultural Production and Productivity in Dry Zone Areas in Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka Final Report Staff IMAC Technical Regional Level Regional Engineer Engineers Chief Irrigation Technical Staff Technical Regional Director Regional Divisional Irrigation Divisional Auditor ChiefInternal (C&P) Dep. Director Dep. Director (M & W) Snr. Dep. Snr. (HR) Director es

p (AM) (AM) Director Director Snr. Dep. Snr. ement Cell ement g Institute Irrigation Department Irrigation g ement ement & Worksho g y Director General of Irrigation Irrigation of General Director (F) Director ation Mana ation g ation Trainin ation g Ministry of Irrigation and Water Resources Management Resources Water and Irrigation of Ministry (P& I) Director National Level Level National AM - AssetsMana ITI - Irri ITI - M & W -Machiner HR - Human Resources Human HR- C & P - Contracts & Procurement & Contracts - P &C Technical Staff Irrigation Engineers Irrigation Chief Irrigation Engineers Irrigation Chief Director (RD& C) Functional Deputy Director in Head Quarter - Branch - Quarter Head in Director Deputy Functional g ement g Director (P & D) & (P ment & Construction & ment p n g lementation p Director & Desi (I & WM) & Im g g ional Develo ional ation & Water Mana Water & ation g ecial Service & Trainin & Service ecial g p Director Director (SS & T) & (SS (SS & T) & (SS Snr. Dep. Snr. Director ITI Director P & I - Plannin - I& P P & D - Plannin - D & P F - Finance Finance - F Irri IMAC- I& WM - Irri RD & C- Re SS & T - S - T & SS

Figure A 3.19 Organization Structure of Irrigation Department

F 3-19 The Preparatory Survey on the Project for Improvement of Agricultural Production and Productivity in Dry Zone Areas in Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka Final Report Officers Managers Resident Project Resident Development Assistants Development Institutional Development Institutional Monitoring Officers Development Assistants Development Institutional Development Institutional Director, IMD Director, Irrigation Management Division Management Irrigation Assistant Chief Management Chief Management Assistants Management Ministry of Irrigation and Water Resources Management Resources Water and Irrigation of Ministry Progress Control) Progress Dy. Director(Planning & (Agronomy) Additional Director Additional National Level Level National Level Field

Figure A 3.20 Organization of Irrigation Management Division

F 3-20 The Preparatory Survey on the Project for Improvement of Agricultural Production and Productivity in Dry Zone Areas in Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka Final Report Chief Internal Auditor Admin Assist. Assist. Admin DRPM eer eer (Technical Services) (Technical Engineers, EAA, TOO EAA, Engineers, Directors &Monitoring Planning Secretariat Management Water Secretary Secretariat/Board rise Dev. Officer p DRPM TOO - Technical Officers Technical - TOO (Development) Enter , Executive Director Executive (Admin & Finance) & (Admin HR & ID Officer , Sports Officer Directors Personnel & Administration Finance Unit Manager Manager Unit Field Assistant Assistant Field Staff Supporting Block Manager Manager Block Director General General Director Resident Project Manager Project Resident Mahaweli Authority of Sri Lanka Sri of Authority Mahaweli DRPM (Agriculture) MUP - Mahaweli Upgrading Project Upgrading Mahaweli - MUP Fund Saudi SFD- Assistants Engineering EAA- Ministry of Irrigation and Water Resources Management Resources Water and Irrigation of Ministry (Development) Executive Director Executive (Land) DRPM Land OfficerLand Officer Agriculture HRID&Officer Engin Irrigation Land Officers Officers Land Officers Agriculture Directors Agriculture Livestock Lands Development Enterprise ID & HR Centre Mahaweli Board of Directors of Board Accountant, Executive Director Executive Administrative Officer Administrative (Engineering & Technical Services) Technical & (Engineering Mhkd/SFD) Level National Level Project Directors Design & Planning Project Implementation Project Safety Dam & HAO&M Management & Planning Basin River Environment Planning UseLand Project Directors (MUP/ HAO&M - Head Works Administration, Operation & Maintenance HRID - Human Resources & Institutional Development

Figure A 3.21 Organization Structure of Mahaweli Authority of Sri Lanka

F 3-21 The Preparatory Survey on the Project for Improvement of Agricultural Production and Productivity in Dry Zone Areas in Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka Final Report Admin.Officer Accountant Supporting Staff Supporting Staff Supporting Chief Engineer Chief Dy. Director (Range Office) (Range Director Dy. Range Level Range Staff Supporting Staff Supporting Irrigation Engineer Irrigation Technical & Admin. & Technical Staff Engineers Div.Irrigation Div. Assistants Div. Supporting Staff Supporting Technical & Admin. & Technical Provincial Director of Irrigation of Director Provincial AccountantOfficer Admin. Supporting Staff Supporting Staff Supporting Provincial Level Provincial Staff (Design) Chief Engineer Chief Supporting Staff Supporting Snr. Dy. Director Technical & Admin. & Technical (Technical) Chief Engineer Chief Supporting Staff Supporting Snr. Dy. Director Technical & Admin. Staff

Figure A 3.22 Organization Structure of Provincial Irrigation Department

F 3-22 The Preparatory Survey on the Project for Improvement of Agricultural Production and Productivity in Dry Zone Areas in Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka Final Report

Director Legal

Director Audit Internal Deputy Director

f

(Projects)

Accounts Staff General General Additional Director Additional Director Funded Foreign Projects

(Network Admin.Officer Accountant g General Additional Director Additional Directors Planning Design Highway Development & Research Trainin Deputy Directors Deputy Nos. 04 - Planning Design Highway Development & Research

Engineer

(Assets Development) (Assets Additional Director General Director Additional Directors & Acquisition Land Resettlement Mechanical Procurement Deputy Directors Deputy & Acquisition Land Resettlement - 02 Nos. Mechanical Revenue& Mgt Property

Director Provincial Director General General Director ) Ministry of Highways of Ministry Road Development Authority Development Road Chairman & Board of Directors of Board & Chairman Districts (

Staff Supporting Staff Supporting Staff Supporting Staf Supporting Executive Engineer Executive

ineers g Chief Engineer Additional Director General Director Additional En Supporting (Assets Operation & Maintenance) & Operation (Assets Directors Services Engineering Construction & Mgt Maintenance Works Deputy Directors Deputy Services Engineering Construction & Mgt Maintenance Works02- Nos.

(Finance & (Finance

Mgt. Staff Tech. Staff Tech. & Mgt Staff Tech. Staff Admin. Staff Supporting Staff Supporting General General Additional Director Additional Directors Administration Finance Deputy Directors Deputy Nos. 02 - Administration Nos. 02 Finance- Level National Level Provincial

Figure A 3.23 Organization Structure of Road Development Authority

F 3-23 The Preparatory Survey on the Project for Improvement of Agricultural Production and Productivity in Dry Zone Areas in Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka Final Report ff f Supporting Staf Supporting Technical Staff Technical Sta Planning & Admin. District Level District Offices) Supporting Staff Supporting Divisional Engineers Divisional Chief Engineers (District Engineers Chief Admin. Staff Admin. Admin. Officer Admin. Provincial Director Provincial Supporting Staff Supporting Staff Supporting Provincial Level Provincial f Technical Staff Technical Chief Engineer Chief Accountant Supporting Staf

Figure A 3.24 Organization Structure of Provincial Road Development Department

F 3-24 The Preparatory Survey on the Project for Improvement of Agricultural Production and Productivity in Dry Zone Areas in Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka Final Report

Director Genaral Director

Genaral Director

Empowering People of General Commissioner of Department Smurdi

( World Food) Director Genaral

Add. Secretary Add.

Administration( )

Janasaba Janasaba Gamanaguma Rural Development Development Rural

Genaral Director ) Accoountant (Chief

Secretary

EconomicDevelopment of Ministry

Genaral Director (Doner Coordination ) Coordination (Doner Surthern Development Authority Development Surthern Authority Development Udarata Peasantry upcuntry of Department Rehabilitation Development Regional

Secretary Add. ( Rural Economy) Rural (

Turisum ) Turisum

Invesment( & Genaral Director

Tourism

( Janasaba) (

Director Genaral Sri Lanak Institute of Tourism & Hotel Management Hotel & Tourism of Institute Lanak Sri Bureau Convention Lanka Sri Authority Development Tourism Lanka Sri Bureau Promotion tuarisum Lanka Sri

Development) Director Genaral Director & Comunication ( Invest in Sri Lanka Sri of Invesment of Board Lanka Ministry the Under Institution Figure A 3.25 Organization Structure of Ministry of Economic Development

F 3-25 The Preparatory Survey on the Project for Improvement of Agricultural Production and Productivity in Dry Zone Areas in Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka Final Report

Director

NSWMSC ( NSWMSC) ( NSWMSC) Director Asst.

ICT Officer ICT ICT Division ICT

ICT Assistant

Legal Division Legal Officer Legal

Chief Accountant Accountant - 2 - Accountant

Monitoring Division Monitoring

Audit Internal Division Internal Auditor Internal

Advance Accounts) Accountant & ( Supplies

Finance Division Secretary

Provincial Council Provincial Chief Accountant - 1 - Accountant Chief

Payment) Ministry of Local Government & Government Local of Ministry Accountant & ( Accounts

Director

Engineering

Division

Development & Planning & Development Director Planning Planning Add. Secretary - Development

Director Asst.

Admin. Officer Finance Admin. & Secretary - Secretary Senior Asst. Senior Administrative Add. Secretary - Administration Division

- LG - Division LG LG & PC

Senior Asst. Asst. Secretary Asst. Secretary - LG Secretary Add. Secretary – Secretary Add. Local Government Local

LG & PC & Training & Senior Asst. Asst. Secretary Asst. - PC & Training & - PC Secretary - PC Secretary Training Division Add. Secretary – Government - Local LG Council Provincial - PC Technology Communication & Center Information - ICT Support Management Waste Solid National - NSWMSC Provincial Council Provincial

Figure A 3.26 Organization Structure of Ministry of Local Government & Provincial Council

F 3-26 The Preparatory Survey on the Project for Improvement of Agricultural Production and Productivity in Dry Zone Areas in Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka Final Report

CBOs Clubs CBOs

Eastern

Death of Society Donation Other Sports *Case Province

of

Council*

of

(CDO)

Rural Health (ACCD) society Assistant Cooperative Provincial

Ministry Cooperative Cooperative Cooperative Development Officer Development Development Commissioner of

Commissioner Provincial

Rural

RDS) Rural

WRDS) (RDO)

of

Minister's Rural Rural

Provincial Secretariat Society( Development Women Development Development Officer Development Society( Chief Director

of of

(FPS)

Farmers

Director Farmers

(DDA) Farmers Council Agriculture Club(YFC) Provincial Provincial Provincial

Producers Agriculture Ministry Agriculture Director Agriculture Society Society(WFS) Instructor(AI) of Young Women Deputy

(ID)

(DA)

(RPM) (IMD) Irrigation (IDO) Project

Water of

Irrigation Irrigation and Institutional Officer Management Management Development Development Assistant Division Manager

Department Resident Ministry

(FO)

of (IE) (EA)

(CIE) (RDI)

Irrigation

Farmers Engineer Regional Irrigation

Director Engineer Assistant Engineer Chief Irrigation Organization

Center

Wildlife

Agrarian

of Research (ADO)

force and

Development (ASC) Service

(ACAD)

Assistant Productivity auditask Samurdhi Agrarian

Commissioner Officer Development Ministry Assistant(ARPA) and Services Agrarian

Agrarian Agriculture

(DS)

Government

(GN) (GA)/

(SDO)

Officer District (LO) Grama Secretary Divisional Samurthi Agent Government Samurthi Manager Secretary Officer Development Officer (CO) Niladhari Land Colonization

Central

Village District Central Division Province

Figure A 3.27 Structure of Government Agencies and Officials related to FOs and CBO

F 3-27 The Preparatory Survey on the Project for Improvement of Agricultural Production and Productivity in Dry Zone Areas in Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka Final Report

Pulses Promotion Zone Trincomalee

Promotion Zone Western Part Amparaof

Cultivation Zone 2 Chilli & RedOnion

Cultivation Zone 1 Covering Anuradhapura, Batticaloa and

Covering Mullativu, Mannar, VauniyaCovering Mullativu, Mannar, and

Promotion

opriate Milk

Puttalam

Promotion Zone

Papaya & Mango Baddula and dry and area

& Fruits Orange Passion Cultivation Zone 3 Cultivation Zone 4 intermediate zone of Moneragala of zone intermediate Covering Surrounding area Covering Surrounding area of

Promotion (Export-oriented) Zone

Kurunegala of Northern part Covering and Figure A 4.1 Location Map of Cultivation Zone in Potential Area

F 4-1 The Preparatory Survey on the Project for Improvement of Agricultural Production and Productivity in Dry Zone Areas in Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka Final Report lands pasture pasture Lack of cattle stock stock stocks quality Lack of animals Lack of Lack of animals upgrade upgrade the local breeding breeding breeding breeding breeding breeding High cost cost High quality of productive productive facilities to to facilities cash proper proper (family Lack of of ways handling handling budgeting) (from OFCs OFCs credit Credit Credit capital are notare Lack of Lack of facilities facilities for some price for facilities available Banks) as as Banks) there is no guaranteed Effects Causes Core Problem Core profit profit to low Lack of savings (to (to savings due invest) times needy needy Lack of water at the atwater the nt water inwater The Problems Problems proper in irrigation nt system manageme due to to due economic economic aggravated decrease of Increase of problems are extra income unemployme of drip drip of systems and low low and irrigation irrigation water usewater High cost cost High Inadequate techniques on efficient People People become of OFCs of Access to decreases The prices is shortage shortage is malnourish quality food food quality become very high as there price lack of People are min imu m sick due to to due sick native food native Absence of Absence of guaranteed Country lose lose Country healthy food healthy Production and of Productivity Other Field Crops (OFCs), Vegetable, and Fruit Dairy low is milk milk The centers Lack of Lack of of the the of adequate drained drained collecting weaken country country production Country Country countries The wealth the country country the economy of of economy compelled to import OFC from foreign Lack of facilities marketing marketing ons Farmer Farmer Lack of Lack of all OFCsall ‘buyback ‘buyback the and rs appropriate appropriate system’ for coordinatio n between policymake Organizati plan plan plans proper proper ns and and ns Lack of holistic Absence of Absence of organizatio production production ion farm Lack of of labour of High cost cost High appropriate appropriate mechanizat of of and and seeds locally Lack of of seeds materials highbred highbred High cost cost High breeding breeding Central) produced produced High cost cost High production ‐ Tree

agro control cost of Lack of (advice) decease Low profit profit Low extension extension chemicals services on on services d u e to high Analysis

and and new new mo st Lack of services Lack of Lack of services suitable the soil to select t training training t extension extension and skills skills and variety to to variety condition knowledge knowledge Inadequate governmen knowledge knowledge on farming Extension match with Problem Malwanegama (North ‐ farmers Lack of Negative on crops attitudes of of attitudes knowledge knowledge

Figure A 4.2 Problem Tree Malwanegama (North-Central)

F 4-2 The Preparatory Survey on the Project for Improvement of Agricultural Production and Productivity in Dry Zone Areas in Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka Final Report Pasture Pasture Pasture Pasture lands are available lands are are lands developed developed animals Quality upgrade upgrade the local available breeding breeding available Breeding Breeding available stocks are animals is facilities to to facilities Productive Productive Means cash Proper Proper (family ways of of ways handling handling are setare up budgeting) budgeting) Core Objective Core the for all OFCs Credit Credit ensured available prices are scheme is is scheme Capital for investment assured s is Guaranteed Ends profits profits marg in s increased Savings are are Savings d u e to high when needed Water is Water provided provided and water water is set up Efficient effective irrigation irrigation nt system system nt manageme nt nt es is extent to some increased situation increased Economic Economic Employme opportuniti has has drip drip Farmers Farmers efficient irrigation water usewater systems is is systems established Subsidized techniques techniques The Prices Prices low as people people quality quality is food increase become become plentiful OFCs are nutrition increased Access to level of the the of level are are Native food are plentiful available price is People are as healthy food fresh Min imu m guaranteed for all OFC Production and Productivity of of Productivity and Production Other Field Crops (OFCs), High is Dairy and Fruit Vegetable, is The other other food of the the of milk wealth Milk economy economy countries countries decreases imported decreases country is is country strengthen Volume of the to drain Volume of increased Adequate collecting production production centers are established Proper Proper system is is system marketing marketing organized FO is FO Proper Proper rs and the the and rs coordinatio n between policymake established Appropriat ‘buyback e system’ for all is OFCs established Proper ns and and ns plan is is plan Holistic Holistic prepared prepared plans are organizatio production production used used Farm Farm ion is is ion Labour is is Labour efficiently improved mechanizat locally seeds is is seeds Cost of of Cost planting planting materials Costs of of Costs Central) Highbred Highbred produced seeds and are reducedare production production reduced. are ‐ Tree

Proper als are control reduced Prices of of Prices provided provided extension extension services is on disease agrochemic Analysis

and mo st GoSL Proper Proper by the training training suitable suitable the soil Farmers Farmers provided provided select the Skills on Frequent provided extension condition Improved extension services is is services varieties to to varieties match with are ableare to farming are is services Objective Malwanegama (North ‐ positive farmers is and skills improved Attitude of Attitude of turned into Knowledge is on OFC

Figure A 4.3 Objective Tree Malwanegama (North-Central)

F 4-3 The Preparatory Survey on the Project for Improvement of Agricultural Production and Productivity in Dry Zone Areas in Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka Final Report Effects Causes Core Problem Not g the g the lands lands are notare people existing g due to to g due the of nt The lands maintainin maintainin displaceme Insufficient fence Problems Problems an electric from wild elephants Absence of Absence of es the the Less with traders mark et places Outside outside Lack of villagers contacts illegal traders dotraders about not Inferior Wrong Wrong mark etin g products of of products Insufficient buildings/ Making opportuniti complex activities decisions people are are people cannot be developed Engage in Grassroots affected and lands lands quality Lack of Lack of livestock livestock livestock and grass and pasture pasture and institutions institutions to provide Low Debts income Lack of support financial Increase of s nt new new crop, Lack of Lack of livestock institutions institutions to provide train in g on man ag eme technologie cal losses Lack of income/ Suicides Problems Psy ch o logi s are due to to due affected draught Cultivation Production and Productivity of of Productivity and Production Other Field Crops (OFCs), is low Dairy and Fruit Vegetable, ment poverty Diseases (sickness) Increasing Unemploy Income Inadequate s are due to to due floods affected Cultivation Less Less food are weak are Children nutritious Proper Proper systems irrigation irrigation maintains of of irrigation or reservoir)/ systems (dam (dam systems Unavailability water Lack of (irrigation) after after Poor water water Water Water to deal quality quality Lack of systems affected tsunami (salinity) quality of of quality with poor /knowledge /knowledge Insufficient Agro wells Tree

Analysis

Thiriyay (Eastern) ‐ Problem

Figure A 4.4 Problem Tree Thiriyay (Eastern)

F 4-4 The Preparatory Survey on the Project for Improvement of Agricultural Production and Productivity in Dry Zone Areas in Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka Final Report Ends Means by the by the people lands is is lands are wellare Land is Existing properly resettled sufficient sufficient The lands maintained maintained maintained Core Objective Core up from Electric Electric Problems Problems elephants elephants fence is set are solvedare the with More know know mark et Market Outside linkage linkage outside villagers places is No traders istraders traders dotraders the about Sufficient Sufficient products of of products established established buildings/ buildings/ established opportuniti es assured mad e can be be can Correct complex activities decisions decisions people are developed People feel feel People no inferior engagemen t inillegal Grassroots Grassroots and can be be can and not affected for Good Good lands is Quality lands is provided supports supports livestock livestock livestock available and grass grass and institutions institutions and pasture and pasture High High More financial Decrease Decrease debts of provided be earned support is is support income can can income new new with nt is is nt crop, crop, which Linkage provides provides livestock livestock Access to to Access institutions institutions training on manageme established technologie assured s is cal No Less More happen suicides problems problems available income is income psychologi due to to due affected draught s not are Cultivation Production and Productivity of Productivity and Production Other Field Crops (OFCs), High Dairy is and Vegetable, Fruit nt nt lessen decreased Diseases is Poverty is Employme opportuniti es increase assured Adequate is income due to to due floods affected s not are Cultivation More food is is food available Children Children are strongare nutritious nutritious available Irrigation Irrigation maintains systems is is systems or reservoir)/ reservoir)/ or systems (dam (dam systems and its proper proper its and water is water irrigation provided Sufficient Sufficient after after water water Good quality to deal quality water is water Affected water (no provided available quality of of quality with poor recovered Knowledge Knowledge salinity) is tsunami is are are Sufficient Sufficient agro wells established Tree

Analysis

Thiriyay (Eastern) ‐ Objective

Figure A 4.5 Objective Tree Thiriyay (Eastern)

F 4-5 The Preparatory Survey on the Project for Improvement of Agricultural Production and Productivity in Dry Zone Areas in Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka Final Report to the Chena for the wildfor there no are cultivation ) cultivations and villages Lack of feed elephants (as (as elephants Increase wild left overs from elephant attack attack elephant system for Chena traditional traditional cultivation by the State and wildlife departments (sustainable) Chena lands Lack of lands lands of Lack (for the forest Deviation from from Deviation Chena farming Acquisition of Acquisition of OFC Lack of pasture for for pasture Increase of stray cattle dairy cattle attack toattack the cultivations. Causes Lack of climatic climatic deal with appropriate appropriate conditions. measures to Effects Core Problem Core Lack of technical low input agriculture production High cost of of cost High (sustainable) knowledge on on knowledge crisis & occurs Inflation high Economic Economic (external) (external) diseases is on imported on imported of to pest and and pest to of inputs (seeds (seeds inputs Susceptibility High expenses expenses High agrochemicals) milk milk food High High High foreign products Drain off off Drain currency on foreign importation and OFC of dependence dependence dairy cattle Lack o f q u ality disputes High poverty High More family seeds inputs Lack o f q u ality Lack o fq u ality Production and Productivity of and Production Other Field Crops (OFCs), Vegetable, and Fruit Dairy is low More Lack of diseases quality food Malnutrition locally Lack of Inadequate Inadequate promote to local seeds Addiction to production of of production quality seeds state policiesstate imported seeds imported lands (OFC) cultivable Abounded Abounded Barren lands Barren local Lack of production influence on on influence and promote promote and policymakers policymakers to stop imports imports stop to is no is Weak facilities collective effect andeffect bargaining bargaining community Absence of guaranteed organizations power as there Low price and lack of market minimum price. minimum etc) Lack of add value value add products, transport, facilities to facilities (storage, b y- preservation initiatives and Tree

Western) ‐ farmers' Lack of in water in water farmers andfarmers management organizations organizations participation of of participation Analysis

(FO & Lack of skills in Farmers) crop and livestock and water water and husbandry systems for for systems effective and management management management Lack of water knowledge and and knowledge efficient water Problem Saliyawewa(North ‐ lack of (to feed system) Lack of existing facilities irrigation irrigation irrigation irrigation irrig ation permanent Absence of water source source water maintain the duty bearers. duty commitments commitments to upgrade and and upgrade to systems by the the by systems

Figure A 4.6 Problem Tree Saliyawewa (North-Western)

F 4-6 The Preparatory Survey on the Project for Improvement of Agricultural Production and Productivity in Dry Zone Areas in Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka Final Report Chena the wild there crop decreased residuals of of residuals cultivations available for cultivations) attack toattack the More feeds is elephants (as (as elephants Wild elephant and villages is and is villages state Chena adapted available Rights to to Rights system is is system access the traditional Traditional (sustainable) cultivation is Chena farming More lands for for lands More Chena is lands the by assured available decreased pasture for for pasture Stray cattle cattle Stray attack toattack the More fodder/ fodder/ More isdairy cattle Means cultivations is cultivations is climatic climatic deal with available Appropriate Appropriate measures to conditions is Ends Proper Proper gained technical low input Production Production cost is low (sustainable) agriculture is knowledge on on knowledge Core Objective Core stable reduced becomes Economic Economic Inflation is (seeds & with low expenses Local inputs inputs Local of to pest and and pest to of Susceptibility diseases is low agrochemicals) agrochemicals) usedare more milk milk saved lessen food is is food Foreign Foreign decreased on foreign products is is products currency is Importation Importation and OFC of Dependence Dependence cattle is cattle available Quality dairy Quality dairy lessen lessen lessen lessen Family Family Poverty is is Poverty disputes is is disputes seeds is is seeds available are availableare Quality local Quality inputs Production and Productivity of Production Productivity and (OFCs), Crops Field Other High is Dairy and Vegetable,Fruit lessen food is is food available is lessen Diseases is More quality Malnutrition Malnutrition locally locally There is seeds are produced produced adequate / appropriate appropriate promote to local seeds quality seeds More qualityMore state policiesstate Farmers useFarmers of high produced lands is available is lessen cultivable Barren land land Barren More (OFC) stop stop local production importation and promote promote and Policymakers price is power is is power assured, assured, mark et is Min imu m organized product is is product Collective bargaining strengthen guaranteed guaranteed through the the through community organization High prices of of prices High etc) etc) Strong Strong by- ge, products, products, transport, facilities to facilities add value is is value add preservation preservation initiatives and available(stora Tree

Western) ‐ water water farmer management More FO and and FO More inparticipate Analysis

skills are available farmers as farmers improved Adequate Adequate and water systems are are systems management management proper water water proper management Effective and efficient water by theand FO and knowledge Objective Saliyawewa(North ‐ systems (to feed ensured effective irrigation irrigation irrigation irrigation irrigation irrigation commit to commit Access to system) is is system) permanent established facilities are are facilities Duty bearers and upgrade maintain the water source source water Efficient and

Figure A 4.7 Objective Tree Saliyawewa (North-Western)

F 4-7 The Preparatory Survey on the Project for Improvement of Agricultural Production and Productivity in Dry Zone Areas in Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka Final Report farmers Lack of Lack of the state the farmer- plans of the the of plans to influence duty bearers duty commitments commitments improper and pressure from organizations aspects Lack of Lack of resource resource skills and managerial managerial attitudes in knowledge, knowledge, institutions- technical and persons to get get to persons locally training Causes Effects seeds/ fertilizer/ fertilizer/ Financial Financial problems production Agricultural Highof cost equipments/ High cost of of cost High Core Problem Lack of Lack of machinery machinery equipment/ equipment/ effect toeffect get Agricultural organizational organizational equipment/ the poor farmer farmers poverty per capita income of Increasing Farmers are are Farmers households standards of of standards living the of Decreasing the Decreasing the local Lack of suit to the conditions dairy cattle cattle whichcattle production of of production Lack o f q u ality situation countries Economic Economic Lack of Drain out the the out Drain to the foreign resources Decreasing the national wealth national wealth seeds Get usedGet to foreign seeds Lack o f q u ality Production and Productivity of of Productivity and Production Other F low ield is Dairy Cr and Vegetable,Fruit op (OFC s s), Lack of diseases balanced - balanced of the people the of Increase of the Increasing the nutritious food malnutrition level level malnutrition human human Lack of without a a without settlements settlements plan proper pasture land land pasture Establishing for the cattle for foreign milk food) milk Subjected to high prices of of prices high influences (e.g. volume volume Insufficient (quantity) of (quantity) of production to to production attract traders other) other) for the with fair with fair products cultivation (good) price (good) (fertilizer and (fertilizer Absence of a Lack o f q u ality inputs of Lack proper market market proper crops proper proper period plan to to plan diversify diversify Lack ofa cultivation Decrease of prices during during prices the harvesting Tree

Analysis

Lack of bearers) Lack of the duty duty the irrigation irrigation the Farmer of existing the relevant systems (by (by systems influence by by influence duty bearers. duty maintenance maintenance Lack of strong Organizations. attention from Thenagallanda (Uva) water Lack of ‐ Problem (irrigation) agro wells Insufficient

Figure A 4.8 Problem Tree Thenagallanda (Uva)

F 4-8 The Preparatory Survey on the Project for Improvement of Agricultural Production and Productivity in Dry Zone Areas in Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka Final Report More plans is is plans and state and and proper proper and and Farmer Farmer and provided by by provided from farmers duty bearers bearers duty duty bearers commitments commitments More pressure the to given is Organizations Local available skills and manag erial aspects are attitudes in institutions Knowledge, and resource resource and availableare technical and Means Ends seeds, inputs, inputs, ensured Financial decreased Fair costofFair fertilizer are are fertilizer Production cost is low equipments, problems are Core ObjectiveCore get the effect iseffect available mach in ery equipment/ equipment/ equipment/ Agricultural strengthen to Organizational Organizational machinery are local farmer increased Per capitaPer decreased improved income of Poverty is is Poverty standards is is standards productions h o u seh olds is Farmers living Farmers Famers produce produce Famers local cattle are available available suit to the conditions is Cattle whichCattle Quality dairy dairy Quality retained uplifted Economic Economic situation is inputs is resources resources available Sufficient National wealth National wealth is inthe country seeds seeds are available Get used Get to quality local More qualityMore Production and Productivity of of Productivity and Production Other Field (OFCs), Crops High is Dairy and Vegetable,Fruit decreased People in in People Balanced - Balanced Diseases is is available malnutrition malnutrition nutritious food nutritious food level is decreased plans Human available established for cattle is cattle for with proper proper with Pasture land land Pasture settlements is settlements is lessen Influences from foreign countries (scale of produced Sufficient volume of of volume production to to production traders attract production) is is production) Proper Proper quality ensured inputs is is inputs available products is available, good price is is price good application of of application Availability of Availability of Proper market market Proper more Proper Proper plans is is plans of crops of available diversified cultivation Good price is is price Good maintained by diversification Tree

Analysis

Proper Proper Farmers Farmers properly properly duty the influence systems is is systems of stronger stronger of attention is is attention the by paid of irrigation duty bearers duty Maintenance conducted by by conducted Establishment Organizations to have strong bearers and FO Thenagallanda (Uva) water is water ‐ Irrigation Irrigation available Objective wells are established Sufficient agro

Figure A 4.9 Objective Tree Thenagallanda (Uva)

F 4-9 The Preparatory Survey on the Project for Improvement of Agricultural Production and Productivity in Dry Zone Areas in Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka Final Report farmers Lack of Lack of pastures lands for lands for cultivable cultivable and OFC Causes service Lackof veterinary veterinary Lack of Lack of support technical governme nt officers treatments) (extension, (extension, training and and training y Effects and animal Lack of advices on crop on crop husbandr traders Lack of outside connectio the n with at the as the by all Lack of Lack of facilities diversity diversity same crop crop same produced time same marketing marketing markets and Core Problem e n Lack of marketabl productio grading Economic down down Economic n and n and Lack of eurship motivatio entrepren Lack of skills and motivation knowledge, knowledge, exchange Low foreign fewer exports More imports/ y, y, and and animal lack of modern modern on crop crop on technical technical addition knowhow knowhow husbandr alternativ options e value and mark et from local from Low returns and and icals, animal Unemployment Lack of fertilizer fertilizer agrochem feeds etc. Production and Productivity of Production Productivity and (OFCs), Crops Field Other low is Dairy and Vegetable,Fruit high high seeds Lack of quality nput Malnutrition More diseases supply Lack of quality i high high e cows Lack of productiv life Low quality of Low quality of y s and s and Lack of modern machiner technique Climate change/ change/ drought with water water water sources Lack of No links links No perennial Tree

agro Low wells water water wells Shallow y in the availabilit Analysis

Low Poor profits returns economic High cost cost High and fuel of etc inputs s (war) Lack of Problem wealth due to wealth due to displacement ts Lack of investmen eiaadvrcca (Norhtern) Periyapandivirichchan ‐

Figure A 4.10 Problem Tree Periyapandivirichchan (Northern)

F 4-10 The Preparatory Survey on the Project for Improvement of Agricultural Production and Productivity in Dry Zone Areas in Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka Final Report are are farmers Land is pastures pastures available Lands for OFC and provided to Means Good Good veterinary veterinary is service provided More ent is support support commitm governme officers nt Technical Technical is assured is treatments) treatments) (extension, (extension, training and Ends y Proper crop & & crop animal given on on given advices is husbandr outside outside traders is improved Connectio the n with d n is n is Crop Crop prepared, mark et is productio diversifie organized Marketing facilities are are facilities e are are products products produced Marketabl Economic grows Economic Core Objective Core are are with Farmers Farmers motivated motivated entrepren skillseur skills and improved ensured Imports exports Knowledge, Knowledge, mo t i v at ion is increased decreases, exchange is Proper foreign value value animal Modern technical available knowhow knowhow alternative alternative on crop and and on crop husbandry, and options are addition are are opportunity opportunity Farmers canFarmers returns from local market and employment employment used There ismore receive higher higher receive animal micals, fertilizer fertilizer properly properly Agroche feeds etc. Production and Productivity of of Production Productivity and Other Field (OFCs), Crops High is Dairy and Vegetable,Fruit High quality quality seeds are are seeds available good lessen Nutritious Diseases is condition is Proper Proper is supplied quality input input quality High High available productiv e cowsis life islife ensured High quality of of quality High s and s and Modern machiner technique y used are to Proper Climate Climate change/ irrigation irrigation effects of overcome overcome the adverse the adverse is drought developed with water water Water Water Links up set supply is adequate perennial perennial is sources Tree

d agro Agro wells y from y from water is water wells are establishe Sufficient Sufficient availabilit Analysis

is can can good good higher higher profits receive receive returns Farmers Farmers Farmers Cost of of Cost fuel and economic economic inputs etc. etc. inputs reasonable after after Wealth is recovered resettlement Objective More ts come investmen Periyapandivirichchan(Norhtern) ‐

Figure A 4.11 Objective Tree Periyapandivirichchan (Northern)

F 4-11 The Preparatory Survey on the Project for Improvement of Agricultural Production and Productivity in Dry Zone Areas in Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka Final Report

Overall Target (1) Decrease in foreign currency outflow through improvement of self sufficient ratio (2) Increase in income of small holding sector Project Objective Increase in production & productivity of commercially viable strategic agriculture products in potential areas in dry zone through the promotion of integrated farming to small holding sector

Commercially viable strategic agriculture products Potential areas in dry zone (1) Soil suitability (1) Red and Big Onion Selected 54 DS divisions as high (2) Chili (2) Appropriateness of water resources potential area with some criterias (3) Farmer’s needs and experience (3) Legumes (4) Marketability (4) Fruit (5) Adequacy of extension services (Papaya, Mango, Orange, Passion Fruits etc.) CZ-01: Chili & Red Onion etc. Promotion Zone

CZ-02 : Legumes & B-onion etc. Promotion Zone Feature of Strategic Agriculture and Livestock Product (1) High production for effective import substution CZ-03 : Papaya & Mango etc. (2) Conform to the development plan (Mahinda Chintana / Promotion Zone (Export-oriented) Agriculture Cooperative Plan / Livestock Master Plan) (3) Technically feasible to produce CZ-04 : Orange & Passion Fruits (4) Meet ground level needs (farmer and frontline officer’s needs) etc. Promotion Zone for production (5) Expect high net return Milk &OFC production Integrated approach CZ 01~04 Milk Promotion

Major Activities Chili, Onion, Legume and Fruits Milk

❶Productivity Improvement Program ❶Productivity Improvement Program of Semi-intensive 1. Rehabilitation and/or construction of irrigation and drainage facilities; and Intensive Farmer 2. Establishment of supply chains of quality seeds and planting materials; 1. Establishment of supply chain of feed; 3. Farmer training on improvement of farm management and production 2. Breeding improvement through rapid increase in Artificial technologies; Insemination (AI); 4. Provision of the machineries to promote quality products with low 3. Introduction of feed efficient livestock such as milking goat. production cost and fences to protect farm products from domestic and wild animals; 5. Provision of credit to producers to support the above activities. ❷Logistic System Improvement and Entrepreneurship ❷Program on Clean Milk Production and Market Development Program Network Development of Fresh Milk 1. Establishment of proper interface and incubation of business minded 1. Provision of necessary equipments and training on clean milk leader for effective trading between producer and trader; production; 2. Rehabilitation or/and upgrading of rural road and farm access road; 2. Establishment of effective milk collecting network and promotion of 3. Conducting study tours for exporters/processors and government mobile sale. official to major export countries and potential import countries of agricultural products from Sri Lanka. ❸Program on Enhancement of Extension Services and ❸Livestock Service Quality and Accessibility Ground Adaptive Trials Improvement Program 1. Provision of training to extension officers for promotion of 1. Construction of livestock service center to be a focal point for commercialized farming; livestock extension services and milk collection; 2. Enhancement of DATC/ISTC facilities to carry out the ground level on- 2. Training of VS and LDI on AI and synchronization; and farm trials and provision of mobility for field extension officers and other 3. Provision of the mobility to LDI and VS. equipment to improve the extension services; 3. Overseas training for advanced commercial farming and extension method.

Figure A 4.12 Project Concept Summary

F 4-12