Analýza Vybraných Skladeb Progresivního Rocku a Artrocku

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Analýza Vybraných Skladeb Progresivního Rocku a Artrocku UNIVERZITA PALACKÉHO V OLOMOUCI Pedagogická fakulta Katedra hudební výchovy Mgr. FILIP KREJČÍ NOTOVÝ ZÁPIS A ANALÝZA VYBRANÝCH SKLADEB PROGRESIVNÍHO ROCKU A ARTROCKU Dizertační práce Školitel: prof. PaedDr. Jiří Luska, CSc. OLOMOUC 2013 PALACKÝ UNIVERSITY IN OLOMOUC Faculty of Education Department of Music Education Mgr. FILIP KREJČÍ TRANSCRIPTION AND MUSICAL ANALYSIS OF CHOSEN PIECES FROM PROGRESSIVE ROCK AND ART ROCK PhD thesis Supervisor: prof. PaedDr. Jiří Luska, CSc. OLOMOUC 2013 ABSTRAKT Rocková hudební teorie a zejména kvalitativní výzkum jejího hudebního materiálu zažívá v poslední dob ě nebývalý vzestup. Ve Velké Británii a Spojených státech se v ědecký výzkum rockové hudby stal pom ěrn ě častým, až b ěžným jevem, zatímco v českých zemích ucelený a systematický proces zkoumání rockového hudebního materiálu zatím tém ěř neexistuje. Vyskytují se pouze ojedin ělé diplomové či dizerta ční práce a sondy, které jsou však v ětšinou zam ěř ené spíše hudebn ě-esteticky než analyticky. Při hledání primární zdrojové literatury v této oblasti je tak nutné nahlédnout do anglicky psané literatury. Podžánrem, který se t ěší z řejm ě nejv ětšímu zájmu ze strany rockových hudebních badatel ů, je progresivní rock a jeho odnože. Dokazují to publikace jako Understanding Rock – Essays in Musical Analysis Johna Covache a Graema Boona (1997), Music of Yes – Structure And Vision In Progressive Rock (1997) Billa Martina, Progressive Rock Reconsidered (2002) Kevina Holm-Hudsona nebo nes četné publikace sou časných britských muzikolog ů Richarda Middletona ( Studying Popular Music ) a Allana Moorea ( Analyzing Popular Music; Rock: The Primary Text aj.). Všechny tyto zmín ěné zdroje mají spole čného jmenovatele – kvalitativní výzkum hudebního materiálu progresivního rocku. Takový výzkumný sm ěr v českých zemích neexistuje, a představuje tak ur čitý v ědecký problém. Zvýšení úrovn ě kvalitativního poznání progresivní rockové hudby v české hudební teorii je proto hlavním impulsem k sepsání dizerta ční práce Notový zápis a analýza vybraných skladeb progresivního rocku a artrocku a zárove ň jejím nejvyšším cílem. Klí čová slova : prog, progresivní rock, progrock, art, artrock, analýza, Emerson, Lake, Palmer, Genesis, Mike Oldfield, Queen, Yes, Jethro Tull, King Crimson, Pink Floyd . ABSTRACT Rock music theory and qualitative research concerning its musical material is recently experiencing an unprecedented boom. In Great Britain and the United States, the scientific study of rock music became quite frequent, even common, while in the Czech Republic, the comprehensive and systematic process of examining rock musical material yet almost does not exist. There is only a few diploma thesis and probes, which prefer musical aesthetic before analysis. The vast majority of the primary sources of this work is therefore English- written. A subgenre, which is obviously enjoying the greatest interest among scholars of rock music is progressive rock and its offshoots. Proof of this publication as Understanding Rock - Essays in Musical Analysis by John Covach and Graeme Boone (1997), Music of Yes - Structure And Vision In Progressive Rock (1997) by Bill Martin, Progressive Rock Reconsidered (2002) by Kevin Holm-Hudson, or the myriad publications of contemporary British musicologists Richard Middleton ( Studying Popular Music ) and Allan Moore ( Analyzing Popular Music, Rock: The Primary Text , etc.). All these these sources have a common denominator - qualitative research of progressive rock musical material. Such a research direction in the Czech Republic does not exist, therefore is considered a scientific problem. Increasing level of qualitative understanding of progressive rock music in the Czech music theory is therefore a major impetus to write a dissertation Transcription and musical analysis of chosen pieces from progressive rock and art rock as well as its ultimate goal. Index words : prog, progressive rock, progrock, art, artrock, musical, analysis, Emerson, Lake, Palmer, Genesis, Mike Oldfield, Queen, Yes, Jethro Tull, King Crimson, Pink Floyd . Rád bych touto cestou pod ěkoval svému školiteli prof. PaedDr. Ji římu Luskovi, CSc., a to nejen za odborné vedení této dizerta ční práce, ale p ředevším za dlouhodobou podporu, kterou poskytoval mn ě a mému analytickému p řístupu k rockové hudb ě po celou dobu mého magisterského a doktorského studia na Kated ře hudební výchovy PdF UP v Olomouci. Bez jeho cenných rad, doporu čení, tip ů a ujišt ění, že je můj zám ěr správný, by tato práce nemohla vzniknout. Také bych rád pod ěkoval svému kamarádovi Bc. Michalu Polá čkovi za jeho nezištnou a fundovanou pomoc s korekturou textu. Čestn ě prohlašuji, že jsem tuto práci vypracoval samostatn ě a že jsem veškeré prameny a literaturu řádn ě uvedl podle cita ční normy. Část této práce vznikla za podpory Specifického výzkumu Univerzity Palackého v Olomouci (Číslo projektu PdF_2011_006). V Olomouci dne ............................. podpis: ............................ OBSAH ÚVOD ........................................................................................................................................8 OBECNÁ ČÁST: 1. RELEVANTNÍ INFORMACE .......................................................................................12 1.1. Ke struktu ře práce.......................................................................................................12 1.2. Východiska, klí čové otázky, oblast zkoumání, analytické metody a cíle ..................13 1.2.1. Validace analýzy populární hudby, p řístupy, vlastní metodika.......................19 1.3. K užité terminologii....................................................................................................30 1.4. Ke zdroj ům a pramen ům ............................................................................................33 1.5. Problematika notového zápisu populární hudby ........................................................35 1.6. K notovému aparátu a jiným grafickým znázorn ěním hudebního materiálu .............39 2. GENEZE, VÝVOJ A CHARAKTERISTIKA PROGRESIVNÍ ROCKOVÉ A ARTROCKOVÉ HUDBY, HUDEBN Ě-ESTETICKÝ DISKURZ .............................44 2.1. Progresivní rock, artrock – definice ...........................................................................44 2.1.1. Vznik a vývoj progresivního rocku a artrocku, sociokulturní souvislosti, otázka žánrového a regionálního vymezení, periodizace ...............................................46 2.1.1.1. Funkce progresivní rockové hudby a fenomén návratu k estetické a komunika ční hodnot ě..................................................................................53 2.2. Obecná charakteristika progresivního rocku a artrocku .............................................63 2.2.1. Specifika struktury hudebního materiálu progresivního rocku........................64 2.2.1.1. Instrumentace..........................................................................................67 2.2.1.2. Harmonie ................................................................................................72 2.2.1.3. Melodika ................................................................................................84 2.2.1.4. Rytmika...................................................................................................85 2.2.1.5. Dynamika................................................................................................86 2.2.1.6. Virtuozita ................................................................................................87 2.2.1.7. Spontaneita a improvizace versus prokomponovanost...........................88 2.2.1.8. Asymetri čnost hudební struktury............................................................90 2.2.1.9. Hudební formy koncep ční alba a paralela s cyklem skladeb..................91 2.2.2. Styly progresivního rocku a artrocku...............................................................96 3. SHRNUTÍ OBECNÉ ČÁSTI ..........................................................................................97 ANALYTICKÁ ČÁST 4. NEJVÝZNAMNĚJŠÍ INTERPRETI PROGRESIVNÍHO ROCKU A ARTROCKU A JEJICH TVORBA – P ŘÍKLADY A SONDY ...............................99 4.1. GENESIS..................................................................................................................100 4.2. EMERSON, LAKE & PALMER .............................................................................107 4.3. MIKE OLDFIELD ...................................................................................................112 4.4. YES...........................................................................................................................119 4.5. KING CRIMSON.....................................................................................................123 4.6. PINK FLOYD...........................................................................................................126 4.7. JETHRO TULL ........................................................................................................129 4.8. Další interpreti a stopy rockové progrese .................................................................132 5. KOMPLEXNÍ ANALÝZA VYBRANÝCH SKLADEB ............................................134 5.1. EMERSON, LAKE & PALMER: Take A Pebble ....................................................134 5.2. QUEEN: The Prophet’s Song ...................................................................................155 5.3. GENESIS: Lover’s Leap , 1. v ěta skladby Supper’s Ready ......................................184
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