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UNIVERSITY OF : AVENUE PRECINCT RHODES AVENUE, AVENUE ROAD, MATOPO ROAD, RHODES DRIVE, MOWBRAY

HERITAGE IMPACT ASSESSMENT : STAGE 1 Volume 2 Detailed descriptions and assessment of edges, buildings and places

November 2000

Conservation Development Consortium 18 Ley Road, St James 7945 Phone and fax (021) 788 3078 or phone 689 2626 e-mail thorold@ iafrica.com

Practices in association Henry Aikman Associates, phone and fax 788 3078 Stewart Hanis Architect, phone and fax 423 3494 Penny Pistorius Urban Conservation and Planning, phone and fax 447 7066 333 Trevor Thorold Architects, phone 689 2626, fax 685 3237 -7~ CON

200311111111111 0336 SAHeritage Resources Agency Library

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2-2 Harring of places 2-3 lnlrodudion

2◄ Rhodes Avenue 2-10 Avenue Road 2-12 Rhodes Drive

2-14 Avenue House 2-24 Cadboll 2-32 Four 1930s houses 2-34 Princess Christian Home

2◄-4 Edwin Hart Annexe 2◄6 "Belsen"

2-50 Endnotes 2-53 Referencea

Appendices 2-A Tlmellne Welgelegen & Avenue Precinct 2-8 Welfare In Cape Town a c»ntury ago

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--.--. 01

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- ... ------INTRODUCTION TO VOLUME 2

In this album we discuss the various elements of the site in detail. Starting with the roads that surround the site and form Its edges, we then desaibe each of the buldings . The standard order of discussion is

Name Address Restrictive conditions Thumbnail description Summary of significance

Social history Building history Form and architecture Interior Condition Landscape Spatial connections

Value and significance Interested and affected parties Design Indicators

Sunrnaries of the key parts of these desaiptions are in Volume 1.

Opposite: Places in the Avenue Precinct area.

Page 2-3 I I RHODES AVENUE on both sides of Rhodes Avenue, and the Characteristics present offset geometry of the Rhodes Avenue­ Cecil Road-Avenue Road intersection. Varietas Rhodes Avenue has a sensuous character Thumbnail description was subdivided shortly thereafter, and by the which makes moving along it a deeply satisfying tum of the century the bottom of Rhodes experience. Because of its complex curves, the Curved road, partly tree-lined, running up the Avenue had begun to take on a suburban slope and the vegetation, it is experienced as a lower slopes of Devil's Peak between Main character with Victorian villas alongside it. sequence, with alternating qualities of Road and Rhodes Drive. In 1890 Rhodes purchased Welgelegen, concealment and revelation, enclosure and including the subdivided erven on either side of openness, sun and shadow. History Rhodes Avenue that had not yet been sold to Starting at the bottom, the intersection with others, and the upper part of the road itself. By Main Road is not very prepossessing: despite Rhodes Avenue was historically one of two the tum of the century, his influence over the characterful grouping of comer buildings on altemative approaches to Welgeiegen development in the area is clear - including three comers, including the old Driekoppen Inn, farmstead from Main Road. An earlier road to the renaming after him of several roads, the large characterless block of the Shoprite the farm, visible on the 1796 map, split off from including Rhodes Avenue. building and the broad expanse of tarred Main Road in what is now Observatory and In the early 20th century there was little pavement is overwhelming. However, followed an easy gradient across the slope. development along the upper part of Rhodes immediately above it the streetscape takes on One senses the "pull" of Cape Town in the Avenue, which retained an essentially rural an intimate residential character, with the alignment of this road. As the local community character. The triangular intersection with rhythmic spacing of garden walls and gates, the developed, interlinkages between the farms Avenue Road still had trees growing in the greenery of the gardens and oaks along the became more important. By 1813 a second middle of it, screening the Mowbray Public pavement, and glimpses of Victorian facades. road had been made, very much on the School building. The Avenue bore left, passing After a slight bend, the space expands at the alignment of the present-day Rhodes Avenue, between the Princess Christian Home cottage triangular Cecil Road-Avenue Road which made a steeper but more direct and Rhodes Hostel, both of which were set intersection. Here the view opens up to reveal connection to Main Road, and crossed it to link back from the road. At the top, it curved sharply the red-roofed Edwin Hart Annexe behind its to Durban Road and the farms along the around a pond, crossed a sloot and passed hedge (making little of its commanding Liesbeeck. The intersection of Main Road, through the gates of De Meule, becoming the position), and the rugged backdrop of Devil's Durban Road and Rhodes Avenue, with the formal approach to Welgelegen. At the bend, a Peak. The gum trees along the edge of the well-known Driekoppen Inn, became the footpath continued upwards, crossing Rhodes' small park on the left draw the eye into the Opposite: Lo-r sequence of Rhodes Avenue nucleus of the village or Mowbray and an tree-lined carriage drive to a pedestrian gate shaded tunnel of the gum avenue, where the important hub of activity on Main Road. and path to . By this time, the road bends upwards, offering a glimpse of Top left: Rhodes Avenue below the Cecil Road/ By 1887 (according to Northcott) Rhodes circuitous approach to Welgelegen from the sunlight and a further bend beyond. Avenue Road intersection. Avenue had become the main approach to eastern side was also in use. The upper avenue is impressive and it is Welgelegen: the original road, which crossed Subsequently, major increases in traffic unfortunate that there are now gaps in the Bottom left: Rhythmic garden walls, greenery and oaks along the edge of "Varietas• suburb. several streams and must have been difficult to repeatedly affected the upper end of Rhodes sequence of old gums. Young trees have been Avenue, while the rest it remained largely maintain in winter, petered out beyond the of planted along the edge of the park to fill spaces, Top right: The triangular intersection ("knuckle"), with Welgelegen farm lands on the slopes of Devil's unchanged. By 1936 a vehicle connection to but a large portion of the metal boundary fence key view of the Edwin Hart Annexe with Devil's Peak Peak. Northcott drew Rhodes Avenue lined with Rhodes Drive had been built, with a central and the entrance buildings of the Land Surveys as backdrop. Rhodes Avenue peels off Into the trees: double rows on the lower section where it island apparently allowing two-way traffic. An property are unscreened by trees, and stand shade of the gum avenue. ran between Varietas and Zorgvliet farms and a avenue, possibly the remnant of the old road to out in the sunlight. There is also a gap on the single avenue on the Welgelegen lands above. Welgelegen, still ran behind the Princess right, which exposes part of the Edwin Hart Bottom right: Looking down, with the knuckle on the These are probably the oaks and old bluegums, Christian Home, but in 1946 it was obliterated Annexe behind an untidy collection of shrubs. left and the quiet little community park on the right. remnants of which stiU line the road. By this by the construction of the barracks at "Belsen•. Higher up, where the avenue is more complete, time, the track that became Cecil Road ran The last, and possibly most radical, change the rows of twisted old trunks make a place with Overleaf p2-7: Middle sequence Rhodes Avenue along the upper boundary of Zorgvliet. Rhodes came with the c.1963 remodelling of Rhodes a very strong presence. The dappled shade Top: A long gap in the gum avenue exposes the Avenue skirted past the Dutch Reformed - Drive as a modem dual-carriage highway, when also breaks up the hard lines of the metal intrusive Land Surveys and Mapping fence and Church (built on a subdivided property the connection to Rhodes Avenue was changed fencing. building, which destroys the character of this section transferred to the church in 1873) and is shown to downwards only, and the parking area was The Land Surveys and Mapping building is of the road. The Edwin Hart Annexe retains a half joining the old road to Welgelegen somewhat built alongside Mostert's Mill. The gate to an intrusive element in this environment, largely screen of untidy shrubs. abruptly. Rhodes Memorial, which had previously been because of its scale and bulk. The most The map of 1897 shows the beginning of the opposite Rhodes Avenue, was moved to the disturbing elements are not the buildings, but Bottom left: Where the avenue resumes, dappled process of suburbanisation, with the 1873 foot of the pedestrian bridge and the direct the heavy metal fence and the entrance shade breaks the lines of the fence. subdivision of the lower slopes of Welgelegen connection between · the avenue and the buildings and canopy. More planting along the mountain was severed. boundary would help tremendously to screen Bottom right: Above the gums the view opens up. Note the fine hedge on the left. Page 2-4 these elements and soften their impact. The - -- - - •

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- - - replacement of avenue trees, together with Primary connections: links Main Road to sequential views (light and shade); open view of hedging and/or climbers along the fence would Welgelegen complex; to Rhodes Drive; and mountain at top; the approach to the avenue be 1n keeping with the patterns elsewhere in the (pedestrian) to UCT, Rhodes Estate and leading to Welgelegen past De Meule is street. It is notable that the tarred pavement on Memorial, Devil's Peak. currently spoilt. this side of the road ends at the entrance of Functional connections: Rhodes Drive to Rhodes Drive intersection: Important view of Land Surveys: beyond, there is uneven bare Main Road (one way only) . mill; small parking lot but parking for high earth between the fence and the kerb. The Cecil Road-Avenue Road important vehicles could obscure views; coordinated pedestrian path only starts again beyond the junction with knuckle space and park. urban design and landscaping could recover entrance to De Meule. On the right, a narrow meaning. tarred sidewalk continues next to the trees, all Values and Significance the way past Princess Christian Home and University House, joining that of Rhodes Drive. Rhodes Avenue was the main approach to Beyond the Princess Christian Home the Welgelegen and Mostert's Mill during most of avenue ends and the view opens over De the nineteenth century and is an integral part of Meule, revealing Devil's Peak as one rounds that historical complex. With its curved the comer. Both the police house and University alignment and avenues of oaks (in the lower House (Belsen) have hedges, the latter now part) and gums (in the upper) it still retains with UCT's characteristic green metal fencing. some of the infomial qualities of a rural road Rounding the curve, the view opens full onto (particularly in the upper part), which should be Devil's Peak. with Rhodes Memorial framed by retained and could be enhanced. The triangular trees in the middle distance. The single storey intersection with Avenue Road and Cecil Road barracks of Belsen stepping up the hill on the is a space with potential to be better articulated. contour, and offset along the curve, frame the The park is a community asset. The avenue of view on the right. In the foreground, the old gums is highly significant as an historical historical connection of Rhodes Avenue to remnant and visual/experiential element - Welgelegen has been overwhelmed: the road despite the intrusive boundary treatment of the sweeps past to the parking lot at the head of the Land Surveys property. Views upwards from the road and the Rhodes Drive off-ramp. The end of the avenue are important in establishing relationship is further undemiined by the the relationship between the Welgelegen boundary treatment at De Meule: the crudely complex and its familands, later Rhodes Estate, detailed high wall, heavy metal fencing and and the mountains beyond. The relationship to gates which obscure the richly-textured the Welgelegen complex and approach to historical walls and gates, and inappropriate Welgelegen via the gates is of outstanding "suburban· planting patterns (such as the flower significance but is severely damaged by the beds and fan palm on the comer) are utterly (fortunately reversible) security measures inappropriate. Moreover, they detract from the around, and "suburbanisation" of, De Meule and integrity of the wall of the threshing floor its grounds. alongside. The recent "prettification· of the grounds of Mostert's Mill, with its rose bushes Design indicators and flower bed-lined paths, is perhaps questionable but may be accepted as part of its Characteristics that should be enhanced and revived role as an important tourist anr:::ctio,,, complemented: even if not entirely in keeping with its historical Lower part: oak avenue; rhythmic boundary Opposite: End sequence of Rhodes Avenue character. The area of the intersection would walls; front gardens. benefit greatly from some coordinated urban Knuckle (triangular intersection): potential to Bottom: Rhodes Avenue curves past De Meule on design and landscaping to recapture some of its articulate the intersection as an urban space the left and Betsen on the right. historical meaning. (related to the park) - traffic engineering consideration·s should not take precedence; Centre right: The parking area, with magnificent backdrop. Spatial connections prominent view of Avenue Precinct site at I Edwin Hart edge (entry?); open view of Top right: Mosterfs Mill would 'benefit from improved Historical connections: Main Road to Welge­ mountain; park. landscaping in the foreground .; legen farm; Welgelegen Fami to Liesbeeck Above Avenue Road : Rural character - gum I famis. avenue; soft, infomial and rough boundary Top left: The impressive gates_and avenue ... treatment (hedges, fences, timber gates) and I Page 2-8 surfaces; intrusive metal railing fence; Centre left: ... are ruined by crude security measures. I I - - - AVENUE ROAD House (the Film School) on the comer, there composition Th e roa d acts as a seam between are no other houses along the lower side of the two different conditions. The park-like gardens, Avenue Road, which must have had a half­ large trees and rhythmic walls of Avenue House Thumbnail description made, rural character. and Cadboll are ve ry important elements of By 1936 the "Varietas" suburb was largely character on the western side, as are the low Straight, relatively wide suburban road running completed . The eastern side of Avenue Road boundary walls, gardens and regularly spaced, from the triangular intersection at Rhodes was lined with neat villas with gardens and low similarly-styled houses on the east (the Avenue to Forest Hills flats. walls , paired between the intervening streets of character is being eroded by the construction of the grid. Matopo Road was cut through part of high boundary walls). History Reid's building yard, and the houses next to Cadboll had been built. Avenue Road ended at Design indicators Avenue Road was laid out along the boundary the clay pit, which was surrounded by trees between Welgelegen and Varietas to give (see the aerial photos Volume 1, page 23). Characteristics that should be enhanced and access to the lowest row of plots in Mostert's During the 1950s flats were built on the complemented: 1873 subdivision of Welgelegen. By 1887 the remainder of the building yard and around the Existing boundary elements, soft greenery Dutch Reformed Church had been built on the brickfields. The character of the street has not and openness, retain and restore walls and comer of Rhodes Avenue, but Avenue Road did changed significantly since. front gardens of Avenue House and Cadboll; not yet exist. It appears first on the 1897 map - retain (possibly reflect) pattern of low walls, with a downward crank beyond Varietas, after Characteristics small front gardens and rhythmic spacing of which it cut right across to the Malay cemetery houses opposite. UCT security should be as in Observatory, stopping just short of the Main For a suburban street, Avenue Road is straight discreet as possible: preferably integrated with Road. This map shows other roads in the and wide and fairly level with a modest hump. It buildings rather than perimeter fencing, and if subdivided area which were never built and is consequently experienced directly and as a the latter, screened with hedges. appears to reflect a subdivision plan that was whole, so that the continuity of the boundary never fully realised, prevented by Rhodes' elements is particularly important. The western purchase of the higher plots. However, Avenue side is dominated by the strong rhythm of the Road must have been at least partially in place boundary wall in front of Avenue House and by this date because Avenue House and Cadboll and the dense, park-like greenery of Cadboll had already been built. their front gardens, both of which are very The first reliable depiction of Avenue Road is strong character-giving elements. The Braine and Drake's 1902-1909 survey (Volume cohesiveness of the eastern side, with its 1, page 21 ). The little Mowbray Public School regularly-spaced hipped-roof houses, front building with its double steps has replaced the gardens and low boundary walls, is currently church on the comer. The old agricultural sloot weakened by the few high boundary walls along between it and Avenue House is piped under its length, which have a negative effect on the the road, vented by the shaft that still stands on otherwise open character of the street. The the pavement. Avenue House and Cadboll view southwards is closed by the greenery of Illustrations opposite : Avenue Road stand commandingly in their large gardens, the gums around the park, while northwards it behind walls with separate carriage and opens out over the hockey field , with the new Top left: View from the knuckle. Avenue Road with pedestrian gates. Avenue House appears to Heart-lung Institute building as its termination. the rhythmic fencing of Avenue House to the left (the have a hedge behind the central portion of wall, Close to, the extreme northern end of the road cast iron inserts are removed to safe keeping) and screening the lawn. aeyond them, somewhat has taken on a somewhat "caged" character as park-like gardens. is a unified composition. incongruously, are the utilitarian sheds of Reid's a result of UCT's security fencing, and is out of Top right: Looking the other way. Avenue Road acts yard and the clay pit and brickfields. The character with the rest of the streets cape. as a seam between two different conditions - the subdivision opposite is in a state of transition, large gardens of Avenue House and Cadboll (right) with smaller plots being carved out around two Spatial connections and the low boundary walls and similarly styled large pre-existing houses which face down the houses of "Varietas· suburb. High boundary walls slope. One of these, with large grounds, backs To Rhodes Avenue and via Osborne Road to are spoiling this character. onto Avenue Road, with access from Osborne Main Road. I Road - which is pencilled through the site, Bottom left: View from Forest Hill flats. Avenue Road perhaps indicating that part of its grounds had Values and Significance runs top left to bottom right. already been subdivided. Apart from Saxelby I Bottom Right: Continuation of Avenue Road past Avenue Road is a streetscape of very strong Forest Hill and Varietas flats , with the axial view of character which, because of the straightness, the Medical School's Heart-Lung Institute. Page 2-10 width and level of the road, is a unified I I I - - - - - RHODES DRIVE works included cutting into and building up the scured by the loquat tree on the corner. scenic highway which, from the point of view of natural slopes with banks an d retaining walls. From the south, the site is less visible. The its users, contributes greatly to an appreciation Thumbnail description Underpasses, overpasses and "clover-leaf" view of the mill is obscured by the dense and understanding of the special natural and intersections altered the nature of the previously greenery of Welgelegen and the bridge, and it cultural environmental qualities of the Cape Dual carriageway wh ich runs around the lower direct connections to surrounding streets and emerges quite suddenly on the left as one Peninsula and the historical rel ationship of the slopes of the mountain and connects the city to th e university. The direct, on-grade pedestrian passes. The green roofs of Belsen form a mountain ch ain to human settlement patterns the Southern Suburbs. link from the top of Rhodes Avenue was relatively discreet backdrop. Views of the and activities (eg agriculture, suburbanisation, replaced with a bridge to the east (probably to buildings on site are largely obscured by the recreation, social institutions). In the vicinity of History protect the view of Mostert's Mill from the wall, but a view of Avenue House and Cadboll the site, it links and provides key views of western approach). As a result, the old gate and appears momentarily on the right. Opposite the several institutions and heritage sites of major From before the early days of colonial path on the mountain side of the Drive also had site is a grassed bank where the road was cut importance: Hospital, the settlement until the end of the nineteenth to be moved eastwards. The direct connection into the slope, partially edged by a dense Medical School and the University of Cape century, Main Road was the principal route from between Welgelegen and the cemetery was "hedge" of oaks (variety unknown), and partially Town, Welgelegen, Mostert's Mill, Rhodes Cape Town to the south peninsula. With the destroyed by Rhodes Drive itself and the new by stone pines with meadows in the clearings. Memorial , Groote Schuur Estates and Groote introduction of regular public transport, first UCT approach road. Rhodes built his carriage On the ground, the road is experienced as a Schuur itself. trams and in the 1860s the nearby railway, the drive as a connector, giving access to the wide barrier, made hostile by high speed traffic, formerly rural villages became easily accessible environment through which it passed. At a local noise and fumes. It cuts off Rhodes Estate and Design indicators and suburbs developed along the route. scale, the 1960s modernisation created a the mountain from below, except for the When Rhodes acquired his estate at the end barrier between the mountainside above and important pedestrian bridge at Mostert's Mill. A sequence of historic landmarks are a quality of the nineteenth century he built a tree-lined the historical farmsteads and residential areas While there are pedestrian connections of this scenic drive. Mostert's Mill is one of carriage drive through the parkland he was below it. Clearly, it is also an essential between the middle campus and upper campus, them . It should not be obscured by parking for developing above the Main Road. Rhodes' metropolitan route which not only facilitates they do not give direct access to the mountain. busses and there is an opportunity to enhance carriage drive connected his properties from movement on a wider scale but, for people The road is edged by a pavement alongside the its visibility by cutting back the comer of the Mowbray ridge to Newlands, and was freely using it, has special qualities that have led to its wall aoove the site, with access to Belsen via a Avenue Road site at Belsen and improving the 1 accessible to the public. being identified as an important scenic route . gate in the fence. The pavement continues past design of the Rhodes Avenue intersection. In 1911 De Waal Drive was built above the Mill and pedestrian bridge. The speed of Another characteristic of the stretch is the Woodstock as a scenic route, connecting Characteristics passing cars and lack of any barrier make the changing view of the mountain and its sense of Rhodes Drive to the city and creating an pavement feel narrow and dangerous, and it is openness to the sky. Views downwards across alternative route to the Main Road. The drive Rhodes Drive is designed for fast vehicular also badly affected by noise and fumes. On site, and of the site should be carefully considered. was crossed by various connecting routes movement. The curves, falls and rises of the the edge of the road is made by a retaining wall This section of Rhodes Drive connects visually between the urban area below the drive and the road as it runs around the lower slopes of the of varying heights which gives some sense of to Rhodes Estates' open glades and belts of mountainside above it: the path from the head mountain are cut and filled, and the road is well shelter from the traffic. Stone Pines; a landscaping opportunity exists of Rhodes Avenue to the Memorial (the cambered to facilitate smooth driving. The hills for limited, localised planting of Stone pines on favourite route of picnickers walking up from and curves offer the driver constantly changing Spatial connections upper portions of the site. Noise from the road Mowbray Station), the old avenue between views - upwards, of the mountain backdrop impacts on the western part of the site. The Welgelegen and the cemetery and the road and foothills, framed at times by the stone pines Historical connections: Newtands Avenue to pedestrian route along the edge of the road between Groote Schuur and the Memorial. on the slopes, and downwards of the cityscape Observatory through Rhodes's parkland. above Belsen is unsatisfactory: consideration The construction of the University of Cape with various intervening foregrounds which in Primary connections: links the two limited­ should be given to incorporating a pedestrian Town on axis with the Summer House and the vicinity of the site are mostly green (trees, access roads from the City (De Waal Drive and route in the site development (potentially linking Japonica Walk gave the Drive a new character, banks, ivy-clad walls). This experience is a Eastern Boulevard) to the and Southern to Medical School and a possible future link integrating it into a larger, formal composition. function of movement, and cannot be accessed Suburbs; provides access to metropolitan instit­ through the De Meule-Welgelegen avenue). In the first half of the 20th Century Rhodes except from a vehicle. The LJCT site is in a utions like and UCT. Drive was a "parkway" which wound through the sensitive position in relation to downward views. Visual: various views of mountain and landscape and had an intimate connection to it. From the north, crossing the bridge over the Rhodes Estate on the upper side, and down­ The Drive followed the natural gradient and N2 the view opens up across the site , which wards over to Hottentots Holland. Top left: Settler's Way- jo_ining Rhodes Avenue contours of the land and was lined with oaks. appears as a soft backdrop behind the hockey (bridge). Welgelegen's old fannland is immediately Concern about increasing traffic congestion led pitch and Forest Hill Flats. Closer to, Cadboll Values and Significance ahead. Tum left at the top to approach the site. to the reconstruction of Rhodes Drive as a dual and Avenue House are vertical landmarks in the Top right: Rhodes Avenue going towards Settlers carriageway in accordance with modem greenery. Because of the drop in level and the Rhodes Drive is historically important as a Way and town. The road passes by the cultural land­ I engineering standards, c1961 . The character of edging wall, (now with UCT's green metal significant element in Rhodes' grand design of scape (left) whereas once it went through it. Mos­ tert's Mill (right) is a significant incident on its route. the route ~nged radically: the wider double fence on top) only the roofs of Belsen are his estates. Apart from the environment through Bottom left: Passing the outrider hut of Belsen: I carriageway ·. and central island required the visible in the foreground, with trees behind . The which it passes, it retains little of the qualities openness to the sky and views across the site. removal of the flanking oaks, and major earth- view of Mostert's Mill, possibly one of the most that it originally had as an oak-lined carriage Bottom right: Soon after, Mostert's Mill's sails significant on the whole route, emerges from drive through parkland. However, it has become visible beyond the rise in the road but the I Page 2-12 behind the fence and is initially partially ob- significant aesthetic qualities as a modern complex is hidden till much closer to it. I ' .. I I N

- 9 AVENUE HOUSE Contributes to character of Avenue Road Department schools . The Chinese Association the road , with a generous front garden . The much altered end outbuilding in the moved to a new home at Valkenberg in 1999 Oriented eastwards, down the slope towards courtyard is considered grade Ill for the when the property was sold to the University of Avenue Road and the public realm , it is raised Address contribution it makes. The outbuildings in Cape Town 1°. on a squared sandstone plinth which the south west corner are not considered contributes to its stature. Avenue Rd , Mowbray. Erf 28428. North worthy of grading. Building history The principal , double-storey outbuilding, extension partly on erven 28428-9. Previously considered CCC Grade 1 originally the stables and coach-house , is set Recorded by Fransen and Cook. According to Fransen and Cook the house was squarely behind the main house and linked with Restrictive conditions In Conservation Area. built about 1895. No building plans have been it by a courtyard with high walls , constituting found. Reid and Co acquired the site in May part of the formal Avenue House ensemble. 1894: It shall not be competent to the Social history 1894 and a house is mentioned when the purchasers nor to their successors in adjacent site of Cadboll was transferred in Roofs: 11 title to build other than first class houses Andrew Burnett Reid , who built the house for January 1896 . A bay window and porch was The main block of Avenue House is under on the said land of not less than the himself, probably to his own design, was the added to the side entrance on the east side in steeply double-pitched grey asbestos-cement 12 value of £650 pounds each contractor responsible for Groote Schuur 1899 . The architects were Tully and Waters, slated roofs and ridge-cappings, which probably (T2732/1894). house, the Woolsack, Welgelegen, St George's who designed Mowbray Town Hall. In 1905 replace original Welsh slate. 1941 : Single residential zoning. Cathedral, the Houses of Parliament, the alterations were made to the stables at the The roof has two prominent, symmetrical c1995: close to Scenic Route Railway Headquarters in Johannesburg, Rissik back13_ barge-boarded gables facing eastwards, over c1998: Section 108 Conservation Area Street Post Office and many other significant At that time the house had a simple flight of double-storey bay projections. There is a similar 2 c2000: adjacent Urban Edge (in rural/urban buildings . He also built Cadboll and several stairs in front and the present double gable gable to the back, north-west end. They are transition zone). houses in the "Varietas" suburb. He was Mayor arrangement. There was an extension on the strongly articulated, with partial Arts and Crafts of Cape Town 1927-8 and had been Mayor of right side with a projecting bay window on the half-timbering. In the main roof on the south 3 Thumbnail description Mowbray before that, July 1902-August 1904 . north (later subsumed in the Chinese side is another gablet, much simpler, with a AB Reid was born in Scotland on 16 Association Hall), perhaps a sun-room. The planted truss and finial. The side entrance "A substantial and noble two storied late­ October 1857 and apprenticed to a builder in 1899 south side bay and entrance are shown, porch below it, added in 1899, has a similar Victorian villa with high slate roof, its entrance Aberdeen•. He came to Cape Town in 1880 and and all rear extensions: the kitchen wings, gable. set between two full-height projecting bay was involved in supervision of the ablutions (there were not yet sewer mains), the The back of the main building is an irregular sections, a simple balcony in between; c1895. harbour works including the clock tower, setting stables (extended to provide coach house, cart amalgam of double- and single-storey building, 5 An attractive garden wall with cast-iron insets up his own business in 1890 . "There were shed, cow shed and workshops - Reid under various roof forms. Among them are between pier runs in front. Built by AB Reid, various master builders making their fortune evidently did not yet own a car), walls gable-end and hipped roofs of the main slate contractor and one-time Mayor'' (Fransen and during the years around the turn of the century connecting all of these, as well as disconnected roof and lean-to corrugated iron to the service Cook 1980:92). Inside are several decorative [. .. ] Perhaps the most prominent members of outbuildings in the south-west comer (now and staff areas. fireplaces, fine teak joinery and panelling and the trade were AB Reid and Co [¼) Reid had extended) and a shed in the north-west. Half-round gutters and circular down-pipes other period features that extend from the come to in 1880, remaining in A 1946 plan shows the same arrangements are asbestos cement, replacing cast-iron. reception rooms to the servant spaces. Behind Cape Town for nine years; he was then lured to (including the simple front stairs), gives detail it is linked by courtyard walls and gateways to the north by the prospect of the riches of about gateposts in the courtyard wall, and Walls: outbuildings. Was the Chinese Association Johannesburg, but only remained there for shows that the outbuilding in the south-west Plastered, with fairly robust mouldings and School from 1944 to 1980. eighteen months owing to the unsettled comer had by then been extended". The rear detailing, which varies from face to face . There conditions in the Transvaal. So, in 1890, he was boundary wall was extended to enclose more is strongly articulated quoining, moulded string­ Significance summary back in Cape Town, remaining until 1904, when land at this time. The old wall on the original courses, plinths (above a coursed sandstone again the possibilities offered by Johannesburg boundary was demolished in 1948, and one put base), door and window architrave surrounds, 15 Considered Grade Ill+ by reason of encouraged him to open up an office there as up along the front cf Cadboll . The cast iron keystones, cills etc. The elaboration is primarily • Association with master builder AB Reid well¼" (Picton-Seymour 1977:92). railings along Avenue Road were removed to to the front fac;ade openings and absent or 16 • Association with Chinese community It was called Avenue House in the 1901 safekeeping c1999 . reduced on the other faces. • Typical example of grand Victorian double street directory. The end wall of the northern ·sunroom" was Surfaces are stippl!:!-plastered on the east storey villa (with inappropriate side wing) In 1938 Reid sold the property to Mr and demolished in 1950 and a new Hall added for and north faces, otherwise ashlar-plastered or • Intact interiors, including rare service Mrs Melt van der Spuy, who owned it until the Chinese School (foundation stone laid plain. There are numerous, tall and prominent 6 spaces. 1944 . · . 20.2.1950). A full search for all building plans moulded plaster chimneys. • Rare authentic period service areas and The Cape Town Chinese Association 1913-2000 has not been made. courtyard link to outbuildings acquired the property in 1944 and set up a Form and architecture • Forms ensemble with Cadboll and primary sq,ooi7. A hall was added in 1950. "But because of our small numbers, the school was Illustration opposite: Avenue House in 2000, a . connecting gardens 8 never a success", said secretary Bertram Lee . Avenue House is a large, imposing two-storey typical example of a grand and imposing late house of grand and impressive scale. It is sited Victorian double storey villa . The strong symmetry Page 2-14 It closed at the end of 1980 when the Chinese I pupils, without publicity, were admitted to Cape centrally on its large property, well back from does not extend to the openings. I I C.!'

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·---: ---... r./' ~ Exterior doors and windows: Southern fa,;:ade : architectural merit. A remnant of the original fine Illustrations opposite: front and side First grade Burmese teak. natural oiled The south fa,;:ade of the house is 7 foot red brick boundary wall, with interesting finish . The large sash windows are 1 pane over symmetrically composed at the upper level, with coursing and capped pillars to a wid e gateway Top left: East fa<;ade from Avenue Road 1 pane. The windows to the two eastern fa,;:ade a central gable over the tall staircase window (with brick steps). runs from the coach-house Top right: East fa<;ade and hall extension Bottom left: South side bays and the three small sash windows to the and two equally spaced sash windows to either behind this outbuilding. Bottom centre: Side entrance porch "sun-room" remnant of the original structure side. The ground floor side-entrance portico and Bottom right : Detail of east and north comer have paired louvered shutters. The main porch is slightly off-set, due to the internal Interior entrance door is five-panel with leaded side­ configuration of the main staircase. The Illustrations overleaf p18: rear and side lights and half-round fanlight; doors at the projecting rectangular single-storey "bay­ The following description is based on limited secondary, southern entrances and the rear window" extension (an 1899 addition by Tully and partial access. Top left: Panorama from north-west. From left: rear portico are six-panel, the latter with a stained­ and Waters) is strongly articulated with under­ The main entrance, circulation and of hall, rear porch, lone Erithryna, failed attempts at glass leaded fanlight. Some good quality iron­ sealed quoining and ashlar plaster, imposes reception spaces are of a generous scale and, damp-proofing the back of the double storey service and brass-mongery remains. heavily. where still relatively intact, are richly and wing, wall to courtyard with some gateposts just elaborately detailed and finished. visible . Top right : The back, westward facing gable, and rear Eastern fa,;:ade : Western side, outbuildings, yards and walls: The entrance hall gives access to various porch of the house. The principal fa,;:ade has a single-storey The kitchen, service and staff areas reception rooms and the principal staircase. It Bottom left: Rear porch entablature with planted portico bounded by the two symmetrical comprise a double-storey lean-to attached to has an oak parquet floor and Burmese Teak composite mouldings, modillions, etc. projecting gables with double-storey bays. Non­ the rear of the main block and various single­ wall panelling with Lincrusta embossed wall­ Bottom right: View from south-east. original full-width stairs rise up to the quarry­ storey lean-to structures and enclosed paper above, elaborate cornices and coffered tiled entrance terrace. Four simple Tuscan courtyards. They are contained between two ceilings with Lincrusta to the recessed panels. Illustrations overleaf p19: outbuildings columns on moulded square plinths support the parallel high walls that connect westwards to The door and window openings have teak composite timber entablature, which is much the coach house and stable block. These walls architraves and reveal linings, but almost all Top left: View westwards to Devil's Peak and brick degraded by extensive loss of original cornice articulate up and down with slope or where they original internal doors are missing, replaced gateway. The little outbuilding, left, is degraded and architrave planted mouldings, modillions form the outer wall and parapet to outbuildings with unpainted hollow-core flush doors. The fine (original portion under steep double-pitch roof). Top middle: Oblique view eastwards through the etc. It is presumed there was a balustrade or within, and include finely-detailed gate pillar teak staircase has richly detailed and brick gateway in the original western boundary wall. railings to the 1st floor terrace. cappings. A fine teak gate remains in the embellished newel posts and balustrade. Top right: Looking northwards into the service The strong symmetry established by the northern wall but the double gates to the The main reception rooms are similarly courtyard through a matching gateway and wall, flanking wings, bays, and portico does not eastern side are lost. finished and decorated, with considerable here plastered. extend to the arrangement of the openings: the variation from space to space. Flooring is Bottom left: The stables and coach-house from the impressive entrance doorway, with its elaborate Stables and coach house generally 6 inch (150mm) wide deal or Oregon north-west. Note the ridge hoist-beam, deteriorated plaster moulding surround, is off-centre, with This outbuilding is set squarely behind the pine t&g boarding with 9-12 inch (225 to barge-boarding and non-original fenestration. paired sash windows to its left and only one to main house, off the service courtyard. The core 300mm) high composite moulded skirtings. Bottom right: The stables and coach-house from the the right. The upper floor openings are neither of the original outbuilding was extended and Many rooms have Lincrusta panelling to the north. The courtyard's connecting walls and symmetrical, nor do they align with the ground­ raised in 1905. It is a substantial 1½ -storey underside of a moulded timber dado rail. gateways run left. floor openings. building (ie the upper storey has low eaves) Ceilings include reeded t&g match-boarding, Illustrations overleaf p20: interiors To the north of the principal facade, the with main double-pitched roof ridge running lincrusta panels contained by planted timber single-storey parapeted "sunroom·, with its north-south and two westward double-pitch mouldings (to the underside of match-boarding) Top left: First floor, stairwell and passageway. raised stone plinth and three small shuttered roofs terminating in gable ends, one of which and some fine pressed metal panelling. Top middle: Main stairwell and ceiling cornice detail. sash windows is set back from the main fa,;:ade . still retains a projecting hoist-beam. This Cornices are generally elaborate, composite Top right: Bay to dining room. The hall extension is on the same plane, and plastered structure has been much altered timber mouldings, frequently dentilled, with Bottom left: Fireplace to south study, an early the parapet moulding is continued across it. The internally, and almost all door and window some ornate, high relief plaster-cast mouldings. alteration/ addition . large scale, horizontal proportions, industrial openings have been altered and replaced. There are numerous cast-iron fireplaces with Bottom middle: Fireplace and surround in dining steel fenestration and lack of modulation of the Nevertheless, with the service areas and glazed tile inserts and moulded and/or carved room. Noie composite skirting, dado. hall extension are incompatible with the courtyards, it constitutes part of the formal marble or timber surrounds and mantels; some Bottom right: Fine moulded/ pressed metal cornice proportions and detailing of the historical Avenue House ensemble and demonstrates the elements are missing, including surrounds and and ceiling. building, and detract from it. reliance of the inhabitants of the main house on over-mantels which appear to have been Illustrations overleaf p21: interiors substantial domestic, gardening and stable­ recently forcibly removed. Northern facade: hand staff: · · The proportions of the first floor bedrooms Top left: Stairwell, carved teak balustrading off The northern face is largely obscured by the and passages are equally generous but they entrance hall. large, parapeted hall, which attaches to and Cottage/shed are generally more simply finished . A number of Top middle: Oak parquet flooring, encaustic floor incorporates the original.sun-room. The core of the building to the south of the the bedroom fireplaces have been removed and tiles/ quarry tiles to south entrance. coach-hoJse appears on early plans of Avenue bricked up. There is considerable evidence of Top right: Moulded teak panelling and balustrading. I House, and was probably staff accommodation. roof leaks and penetrating damp damage, Bottom left: ·sunroom· fireplace and over-mantle. The structure is much extended, altered and particularly on the western and northern sides Bottom middle: The 1950 school hall. I Page 2-16 seriously degraded, and appears to be of little of the house. Bottom right: Main entrance hallway. •

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: 11l• filj111: fl ....,.._ Most of the kitchen, pantry and service areas seen c1907 in Braine and Drake and as late as and numerous plants seeded by bird-droppings setting to the house and is an important are intact structurally, and contribute to the 1945 in aerial photographs). The house sits from the telephone line overhead. The northern element of the character the Avenue Road. integrity and legibility of Avenue House. Ele­ squarl:! to the rear boundary and is centred on boundary to Cadboll is a 4-foot unplastered Avenue House and Cadboll form an . ments of interest include the service stair and Devil's Peak, enhancing its formality. Because brick-and-concrete block wall. architectural grouping of merit. much original joinery such as doors, windows of th~ site geometry, the front boundary is at an The main back garden of the property and relatively rare cupboards, shelving and a angle; giving Avenue House a progressively comprises two flat terraces. The lower terrace - Considered Grade Ill+ by reason of marble pastry counter in the pantry. Some larger garden than its neighbour, which onto which the back of the hall and house open • Association with master builder AB Reid areas are damaged by damp ingress and/or de­ enhances its stature. The symmetry of the - is grassed, with one large Erythrina shading • Association with Chinese community graded by inappropriate finishes. The kitchen house is reinforced in the garden by a central the rear portico of the house. The upper one is • Typical example of grand Victorian double yard is covered by a sub-standard, illegal roof. feature which still exists as a circular pond with a tarmac tennis court. The area which was storey villa (with inappropriate side wing) a raised, round flower bed in the middle. Once it added to the erf in the 1940s-, behind the coach • Intact interiors, including rare service Condition had a central palm tree (1945 aerial photo). house and red brick wall, is also grassed. A spaces. Juxtaposed with this formality, the trees and high concrete wall forms the western boundary. • Rare authentic period service areas and Condition was difficult to assess adequately due driveways are irregular, in accordance with the courtyard link to outbuildings Spatial connections to boarded openings and limited access to the English garden tradition introduced to South • Forms ensemble with Cadboll and interior. The main dwelling generally appears - Africa with the idea of the suburban villa 17_ connecting gardens sound, although neglected. Parts are much de­ Presently, the front garden is grassed, with an Faces Avenue Road (the house partially • Contributes to character of Avenue Road graded and in need of extensive maintenance, apparently random scattering of trees. The screened by trees) with lawns and Victorian • The much altered end outbuilding in the renovation and redecoration. Some of the impression is largely that of unmanaged growth boundary walling. Cadboll is beyond a wall on courtyard is considered grade Ill for the interior spaces are in a disgusting state. The with a few mature specimens (e.g. the two the north (orientated away from Avenue House contribution it makes. rear, service areas are generally in degraded mature palms (Phoenix caneriensis) which may for privacy). The two houses and their front • The outbuildings in the south west comer condition, exacerbated by damp, but are be the remnants of former intentional plantings. gardens are in relationship. Separated from are not considered worthy of grading. relatively intact structurally and architecturally. The strange combination and lack of ordering Edwin Hart on the south by a wire fence with a Previously considered CCC Grade 1. Loss of original fabric and authentic detail of the trees, and the poor condition of some screen of opportunistic trees and shrubs. At the Recorded by Fransen and Cook. indudes the roof slates and ridging , rainwater (e .g. some Erythrina) collectively present a rear the is at a higher level, generating good In Conservation Area. goods, exterior joinery and composite mould­ somewhat haphazard picture. But the dense views into the site and a lot of noise. ings to porticoes. Internal losses include theft of sweep of foliage of the large Nitida figs (Ficus Interested and affected parties almost all original panelled doors, much of the microcarpa) and the numerous Erythrina Values and significance ironmongery, fireplace surrounds and mantels, /ysistemon form a picturesque sylvan band and Chinese community , statutory authorities, and damage to trim and mouldings, etc. screen across the front of the house. From both Avenue House was originally built by and for AB neighbours. Inappropriate and inferior alterations and the front porch and the road, the soft greenery Reid who, encouraged by Baker, played a endosures are numerous, mainly to the rear of of the garden is a strong element of the leading role in the building industry around the Design indicators the building. character of the house. The driveway originally turn of the 19th century. As the contractor for The stables/coach-house has been much looped around the pond from the northern Groote Schuur, the Woolsack and Welgelegen, Make building sound and restore/ recycle altered, and is being vandalised as a continuing carriage gate to a drop-off point at the front Cadboll and several houses in the "Varietas" suitably. Demolish hall. Any new buildings seen process. The adjacent little cottage/ shed is steps and various paths meandered across the suburb, he made a significant contribution to the from the front should not crowd or stunt its seriously deteriorated and degraded. garden (Braine and Drake), indicating an local area. He was also active in the imposing fa<;ade, and should have sympathetic The hard and soft landscaping and garden informal, possibly picturesque, intention. community, serving as Mayor of Mowbray scale, forms and proportions. Remove stunted areas are seriously degraded and still However, just as the features and details of (1902-4) and of Cape Town (1927-8) . and dying trees, endorse and improve park-like deteriorating. The Avenue Road boundary the house are not well handled, neither is the The house is also associated with Cape quality of garden relationship to Avenue Road. walling, pillars, gateways, and railings are in formal/informal juxtaposition. The chief Town's Chinese community, as it was used as a Stream presents a design opportunity. Remove poor, deteriorating condition. Remaining railings conservation feature is the general setting of Chinese school from 1944 until 1980. illegal roof over courtyard and reinstate court­ have been removed to storage by UCT. the house and the value it adds to the suburb. It is a typical example of a grand yard space. Stable/ coach house could be ex­ An eroded tarmac driveway leads up the symmetrical late Victorian villa (with some tensively remodelled provided form and propor­ Landscape southern side of the house, terminating at the inconsistent detailing). Apart from the tions and relationship to house are respected. gateway in the facebrick wall on the original inappropriate attached hall, the house is largely The lawns and massive trees in front of Avenue western boundary. There is a large concrete intact, including much of the interiors of the House make a notable contribution to the apron against the southern side of the house. reception rooms and service spaces. An Illustrations opposite: interiors streetscape, as discussed elsewhere . The partially stone-lined watercourse - the authentic period courtyard behind, which The noble house sits well back in its garden, route of an early irrigation canal and shown as a connects the service area to a coach-house and Top left: Ceiling with timber mouldings, remnant its boundary marked by the rhythm of garden "servitude sluit" on Braine and Drake - still stable block (itself much altered), has social­ Lincrusta panels. wall piers with decorative cast iron inserts. runs down inside the long southern boundary. historical significance as it demonstrates the Top right : Kitchen courtyard. illegal roofing over. (There was originally a hedge behind them - There is a dense mixed hedge and line of trees relationship between the occupants of the main Bottom left : Servant s· rear stairwell. behind , which appear to comprise remnants of house and their servants. Bottom centre: Original pantry cupboards. Page 2-22 deliberate plantings (especially the Eucalyptus) . The sylvan front garden provides a romantic Bottom right: Divide between Master/Servant zones. - -- - CADBOLL Social history It lost this balcony some time in the 20th Plaster decoration includes refined Century but retains a rich interior of fireplaces, architraves, modelled keystones and cills to the The house was built at the end of 1897 for floor tiles, Lincrusta wallpaper, ceilings and bay windows, articulated decorative over­ Address Donald McKay, a baker and influential local stained glass. Peculiarly - for most buildings get window mouldings (with variation between east citizen with shops in the Main Road and at layered with alterations - it is almost intact and north gables), first floor string-course and Avenue Road, Mowbray. Erf 284 30. Simon's Town. He succeeded AB Reid as inside and out. The long Slatem period saw base plinth moulding. The heavyweight Mayor of Mowbray 1904-5 and was a leading toilets move indoors and several generations of engineering face-brick pillars and reinforced 8 Restrictive conditions member of the local Presbyterian Church 1 . The kitchen stoves but except for the verandah, concrete beams, slabs and upstand balcony nature and quality of the internal fittings speak electricity and the paintwork scheme, Baker wall of the 1950s replacement veranda !894: It shall not be competent to the of his civilized values and late Victorian dignity. McKay could move his furniture in today and structure detracts from the east and north faces. purchasers nor to their successors in For 67 years, from 1926 to 1993, Cadboll not know he had been away. Four tall, moulded chimneys with recessed title to build other than first class houses was lived in by the Slatem family for three inset panels of imitation "face-brick" are each on the said land of not less than the generations. Andrew Clement Slatem, a Siting, form and architecture surmounted by one or two pots. value of £650 each (T2732/1894). Mowbray general dealer, moved there in 1926. 1896: Only one dwelling house costing not After he died c1939, his wife lived there till 1955 Although the building is asymmetrical Cadboll, Exterior doors & windows: less that £750 exclusive of outbuildings; when half shares passed to their son and like Avenue House, is situated centrally on its First grade Burmese teak, natural oiled the house to be erected shall be built to daughter. Their grandson, Ronald Ebden erf. The two-storey villa has one main gable finish. The large double-hung sliding-sash the same lines as that of Andrew Burnett Slatem, who was seven when his grandfather with full height bay window projection to Avenue windows are 1 pane over 1 pane. The six-panel Reid (Avenue House) (T239/1896). bought it, inherited a half share in 1956 and the Road, a similar gable on the north side and a front door has (formerly coloured, leaded) side­ 1941 : Single Residential zoning. other part from his aunt in 1976. two-storey corner veranda between them lights and stained-glass leaded fanlights. Other c1995: close to Scenic Drive (protected views Dulcie van Breda lived there for four years (originally timber and cast iron, now masonry stained glass leaded lights remain, notably the out) from 1993. It was acquired by the University in and concrete). In deference to Avenue House, four large fixed lights of the west-facing stairwell c1998: Section 108 Conservation Area 1997 and is used for administrative purposes. Cadboll sits slightly forward and presents it an window. Some good quality iron- and brass­ c2000: adjacent Urban Edge (in rural/urban almost blank south face to the older house. As mongery remains. transition zone). Building history a result of the central placing, the garden on the north side is narrower than is warranted by the Outbuildings: Thumbnail description Cadboll was built in December 1897 by AB Reid side gable and verandah. A single-storey garage and staff quarters and possibly desi~ned by him - no architect The boundary wall to Avenue Rd, which building (original stable and coach house) with 9 A typical late-Victorian villa, Cadboll has a signed the plans . Johnson suggests John matches that of Avenue House, is substantially a steep double pitched corrugated asbestos­ double storied gable on the front facade and Parker as architect but this is not intact. Low walling is surmounted by cast iron cement sheeting roof lies against the northern 20 another at the north side. Between them was a substantiated . Shortly after completion, in May railings between moulded pillars, with a boundary. It is somewhat altered but retains two storey cast iron verandah, now replaced by 1898, a straightforward stables and coach matching cast iron pedestrian gate. The main comer quoining, a loft door in the east gable 21 brick and reinforced concrete. Inside are house was put up in the back yard . The gateposts are larger, with inset panels of and the central six-panel door, fanlight and several decorative fireplaces, floor tiles, stained architects then were Tully and Waters and they imitation tuck-pointed "face-brick" and pair frame of the southern fac;ade . The carport along glass windows, ceilings, dado lincrusta might have designed Cadboll as well. These wrought iron gates. the western boundary is of no historical wallpaper and other period fittings. Designed stables were not built where intended and may architectural significance. (possibly) by the builder Reid to be in keeping be the coach house on the northern boundary, Roofs: with his grander house next door. slightly altered. Steeply double-pitched grey asbestos Interiors: The double-storied, asymmetrical villa was a cement slates, hipped except for the two gable The interiors are remarkably intact. The Significance summary form used across the globe - in America and ends, which have decorative trussed barge­ reception rooms, entrance hallway and Australia as well as South Africa. Johnson calls boarding and finials terminating the over-sailing spacious stairwell, and principal bedrooms are Considered to be Grade Ill+ by reason of it the most typical house plan of the period, and roof. The single storey service block attach:!d to large, high-ceilinged and generally well­ • Typical example of Victorian double storey there are several examples in the general area the rear of the house and back stoep are under proportioned. The stoeps and the entire villa and beyond. It derives its form from a design lean-to corrugated-iron. Ogee-profile asbestos entrance hall and stairway area have fine • Fine intact interiors idea of the 1820s, the cottage omee, which cement gutters are replacements but the encaustic patterned floor tiles. Internal joinery • Forms ensemble with Avenue House and sought to imply there had been no deliberate rectangular cast-iron down-pipes are original. and trim is substantial and of good quality, 22 connecting gardens planning, that it had "just growed" . In its late including high composite moulded skirtings, • Landmark quality seen from Glencairn Road Victorian fomiat it had become much more rigid Walls: generous architraving (and plinth blocks) • An isolated outbuilding considered Grade Ill in expression, with sharp materials and details, The recessed east and north faces have around door and window openings, with I Previously considered CCC Grade 2 but retained its rambling references. Cadboll is stipple-plaster; the bay projections were Not recorded by Fransen and Cook. two stories high, and the original fine, cast iron originally red oxide-tinted imitation "face-brick" I In Conservation Area. balcony was like a web between the gables with ruled black imitation tuck-pointing, now (which are symmetrical on the diagonal: a painted. The south face is ashlar-plaster and Opposite: Cadboll 2000, a typical late-Victorian Page 2-24 hidden formal hook). the west faces are smooth. Regular plaster asymmetrical villa. Though it has lost its original I quoining holds the comers. timber and cast iron balcony, it retains fine interiors. I I I.[' (:J I <:-I

------full reveal linings etc. and four-panel internal brick walling to flower beds raised against the Interested and affected parties Illustrations opposite doors. Many areas have Lincrusta embossed base of the steep and house. wallpaper below dado rails , between high There is a bed of rose bushes on either side Statutory authorities, neighbours. Top left: photocopy of Cadboll with its original picture rails and the underside of moulded and of the entrance gateway - most appear to be balcony and mock brickwork wall panels. Courtesy BA Johnson thesis op cit. dentilled cornices, and to coffered/panelled modem hybrid tea varieties. A band of mixed Design indicators ceilings, contained between mouldings. Timber trees and shrubs runs up the side boundaries, Top right: Front elevation in 1897 Council strip flooring (presumed 6-inch (150mm) wide from Avenue Road until either side of the Make building sound throughout. Consider submission drawing. Courtesy Cape Archives and Oregon/ deal t&g) is generally concealed under house. Those along the southern boundary to reinstating Cadboll's timber and cast iron Cape Town Municipality , CA Mowbray 972-1897. recent fitted carpet. Fine, natural timber Avenue House include a Chinese elm of some balcony, as it adds a delicacy to the staircase in three flights. Numerous cast iron stature. The three syringas along the northern composition. Increased space to the north of Bottom left : A landmark at the top of Glencairn Road. fireplaces, some with marble surrounds and boundary, some of the clustered shrubs and the side gable would be an improvement. Any mantels. The service areas (kitchen and trees just to their west, and the very fine new buildings seen from the front should not Bottom centre: 1897 First Floor Plan. bathrooms within the single-storey lean-to and Kiggeleria africana just onto the next property crowd or stunt it or neighbouring Avenue bathroom upstairs) have been modernised, on Avenue Road are notable. House, and should have sympathetic scale, Bottom right: 1897 Ground Floor Plan. some re-modelling, c1970s. The rear garden retains a clear, simple forms and proportions. Retain garden Illustrations overleaf p28 order. A low terrace wall and axial steps just relationship to Avenue Road. Condition behind the house remain, but the rectangular Top left: Eastern gable plaster mouldings and beds with (gravel) pathways between have trussed barge-boarding details. Generally reasonable to good structural disappeared in favour of kikuyu lawns. condition based on superficial inspection. The Top right: Northern side gable with unfortunate house was undergoing exterior cleansing, Spatial connections replacement balcony abutting . painting and re-decoration in AugusVSeptember 2000. The exterior has previously been painted Seen from the street, its most striking Bottom left: The somewhat altered original stables with a patented "permanent" textured masonry relationship is to Avenue House on the left. The outbuilding (with October 2000 paintwork) . paint ("Marbletex" or similar), which is generous gardens of both houses connect the Bottom right: Back, western view of Cadboll, inappropriate and becomes seriously houses to each other and to Avenue Road, substantially unchanged except for minor alterations destructive to old, solid-wall buildings. where they form a notable edge to the suburban such as the new window to the lean-to kitchen block. There is some joinery deterioration and loss, morphological area, punctuated by the and some penetrating damp to north and west continuous boundary pillars and railings. Illustrations overleaf p29 faces. Cadboll is an impressive landmark at the top of Loss of original fabric and authentic detail Glencaim Road. Top left: Entrance steps, encaustic tile stoep, front includes probable Welsh slate roofing with door. metal rolled ridge- and hip-cappings, the entire Values and significance cast-iron and timber veranda structure Top centre: Interior of front door and entrance hall. (including decorative brackets, balustrading etc, A good example of a typical late Victorian Cape Top right: Lincrusta dado and joinery details, and double-cranked corrugated-iron sheeting), Town villa, Cadboll is given added significance entrance hall. loss of original wall finishes, colours and by the way it addresses the street in company textures; and inappropriate alterations to the with Avenue House. Its special feature is the Bottom left: Pier of entrance gate and street pillars rear, service section. considerable intactness of good period interiors with cast iron inserts. and exteriors. Of townscape importance is the Landscape way it terminates rising Glencaim Road. Bottom right: View down main staircase to entrance hall floor tiles. The plan form of the garden remains Considered to be Grade Ill+ by reason of substantially as seen in Braine and Drake's • Typical example of Victorian double storey Illustrations overleaf p31 map of 1902 - 1909. The front forecourt is villa Top left: Ceiling, Ground- Floor room with bay defined by a central (now tarmac) driveway, but • Fine intact interiors window/ gable. the central, circular feature and large tree • Forms ensemble with Avenue House and visible on later aerials photographs have connecting gardens Centre: Stained glass window in stairway. disappeared (see Volume 1, page 23). The • Landmark quality seen from Glencaim Road I stairway up to the front steep, with low flanking • An isolated outbuilding is considered Grade Top right: Fireplace. walls and terminating pillars, is original, but Ill encrusted with low c1950s face- Previously considered CCC Grade 2 Bottom left:(Stained glass in entrance door fanlight. I Not recorded by Fransen and Cook. Bottom right: Fireplace. In Conservation Area. Page 2-26 I I I -~ , •" ll. •••--~• i;, _.,~;,- "" ~.,.::-~~>)....; . , /4,r•i-;~...> -1 . \ i;;::;:\ • ..,:::,r ' ~1!~ ,>f.,,·,1-:,...... "}•" ', """ , ~ ··'.."'-.... •1, rt,~ ... ,,, . I ,/lo l/,•sitl1 •11n•, J./01f/Jrrt1/ r11., • ·t · 'J~Jf! .'/1,11. :.:t( -::·1:> ,·, I;;:::~: !}"'.'l ;g; . •·"3~ : I 3 .J:-~JJ....,. J ,. .,,~ :-t;:,}>,~ ~·t t:·t•,:;~ ~· .f,~,.. -.,, -•J"~ .tlf~!•l

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------FOUR 1930s HOUSES has replacement tiles). The walls are plastered Interested and affected parties brick (in a few places there is a facebrick plinth). On the symmetrical front fayade each has two Local residents? Addresses bay windows with the entrance between. The Adjacent to Cadboll in Avenue Road, Nos 1, 3 bay windows are single pane timber casements. Design indicators and 5 Matopa Road, erven 28433, 284 34, There are slight differences between them. 28432, 28431 , 28419 The Avenue Road house and No 1 Matopa Rd Gardens contribute to otherwise stark street (on the corner) have teak front doors with small dominated by the access balconies of Varietas Restrictive conditions casements each side. The entrance is recessed flats. Cadboll's side gable is fairly close to the in a small lobby with an arch on the fayade boundary and new development should give it 1941 : Single Residential zoning (decorated with a weak quasi-Classical space to breathe. c1995: close to Scenic Drive (protected keystone and cursory quasi-Deco step motifs). views out) No 1 Matopo Rd has a hipped roof wing on the c1998: Section 108 Conservation Area left side (a later extension) and another wing c2000: close to Urban Edge (in urban/rural the other side, faced with a tile edged parapet. transition zone) In No 3 and No 5 Matopo Road , the tiled roof projects forward centrally to cover a wide Thumbnail description verandah, in both cases now enclosed. To the left of each, a wing is extended, faced with a tile Four typical c1930 solid and stolid single storey edged parapet. These were possibly added houses with hipped tile roofs. later (aerial photographs).

Significance summary Landscape and spatial connections

Not considered worthy of a conservation The landscape of the four houses is pleasant grading. but unremarkable. The comer plot was In Conservation Area subdivided to get an extra house accessed off Avenue Road, so those houses have small Social and building history gardens and are built close to the boundary. The Avenue Road house has a low facebrick A full Deeds Office search of transfers has not wall with a small garden shadowed by a wild been made, nor has information on residents peach tree (see Cadboll landscape description). been sought. No 1 Matopo Road has a side garden on The site was part of Mostert's subdivision Avenue Road and a narrower garden in front and came into the hands of Reid and Co who behind a low fence partially covered with also owned a builders yard beyond. It lay creeper (once a hedge). Nos 3 and 5 Matopo beyond Cadboll and was sold as an open lot in Road are on larger lots and are set back so 23 1927 to FW Smith . From their style, the they have gardens on their sunny, north side. buildings could have been built any time from These are enclosed from the road and each then until the Second World War. Until the other by high garden walls. Planting within each 1930s, Matopo Road was a muddy track, an of the separate gardens is typical of the suburb oddly grimy setting for the prim places (National and not without charm - patches of lawn, flower Library Mowbray file photographs, aerial ex beds round the edges and sundry exotic trees Illustrations opposite Cape Times 1928). like frangipani. Because they are dose to their rear boundaries, they uncomfortably cramp the Top left: house in Avenue Road. Siting, form and architecture side gable of Cadboll. Top right: parl<.ingarea at the top of Matopo Road The four 1930s villas on the UCT site are quite Values and significance with Varietas nats (left) and the tiled roofs of the four houses (centre). ordinary, and may be regarded as an insignificant outrider to the Varietas suburb, Though within a Conservation Area and older Bottom left: House in Matopo Road with intrusive discussed in more detail in Volume; 1. than 60 years, the houses have little intrinsic high boundary wall. Cadboll 's side gable is close They are single storied with a hipped value. The two in Matopo Road face Varietas behind. Marseilles pattern clay tile roof (one of the four Flats, and the group is separated from others of their type in the suburb and are not crucial to Bottom right:. House on the comer of Matopo Road Page 2-32 the character of the area. and Avenue Road. I I ..

------PRINCESS CHRISTIAN HOME Social history offer of funds . Of the £2 ,000 originally the pines and wearing a cheerful, home-like promised, a mere £250 had been forthcoming in air," according to a Cape Times reporter in 27 The plight of ladies of gentle birth as they 1907. The committee raised £1 ,453 but there 1913 . This was designed by Francis Masey Address entered old age, "when they were no longer were insufficient funds to erect all the proposed (Baker was in Johannesburg and Kendall in needed, were forgotten, put aside and forced to buildings. At this time the scheme was entirely Bloemfontein) who had also used the Kentish Rhodes Avenue, Mowbray. Main erf 28422, eke out an existence of deprivation", moved the redesigned. The string of pavilions was star chimney on a pyramid roof for his own 28 partly on undeveloped road erf 28423, garden hearts of several well-connected people at the conceived at the end of 1906 by Rev Bender home - the form is rare elsewhere . partly also on erf 28425. Cape in the 1900s. Jaquie Loos reports and enthusiastically adopted by Masey. The As originally intended, pavilions were added (Annexure 2) that a home for the old had been foundation stone had to be moved. A start was each side in 1915, carried out by FK Kendall 2 Restrictive conditions initiated as early as 1877 • but the economic made with the central block of three intended. who had taken over the Baker and Masey depression at the Cape after the Anglo-Boer This was to be the administration unit, but five practice. In 1935 Kendall added two pavilions 1910: Terms of Rhodes's Will War intensified the need. Although the Annual ladies and the matron were tucked into it - the each end, introducing an arc into the layout. 1941 : General Residential zoning. Report of Princess Christian Home for 1967 committee preferred Baker and Masey's modish The 1939 wing on the north side further c1998: Section 108 Conservation Area states the idea of building a "Home for design to anything as crude as floor area. It was emphasised the arc, while on the south side a c1995: one erf from Scenic Drive (protected Incurables" originated with this decided that needy applicants could have the long building (with a Broseley tile roof) resolves views out) does not seem to be correct. Rhodes died in use of the house if they were able to maintain the composition at Rhodes Avenue . c2000: adjacent to Urban Edge (rural/urban March 1902, twelve months before the idea was themselves, diluting the original intention of From the 1950s many further extensions transition zone) first mooted. care. They received soup and bread daily and were made, mainly at the back. Apart from the The spark which led to the founding of the £1 per month for other necessities. outermost units in the string of seven pavilions, Thumbnail description Princess Christian Home was the plight of an The prevailing commercial depression none of the later additions has any historical or ex-teacher named Miss Buchanan, in sadly prevented further expansion until December architectural merit. In fact, they detract from the Old age home, 1907 and later by architects reduced circumstances as a result of chronic 1915 when the two intended pavilions, one on clarity of architectural expression, and the 1991 Baker and Masey and successor Kendall. Arc of consumption and in need of financial each side of the central building, were lounge right in front completely mars ii. single storey pavilions (the central one with a assistance. In March 1903 the Suffers' Aid completed. Each cottage could accommodate high brick central chimney) in an Edwardian Committee (its members included the wife of two ladies, and they were now able to take in Siting, form and architecture Arts and Crafts language, to smaller-than­ the Governor, Lady Hely Hutchinson, nine people. human scale. Later additions have damaged Archdeacon Lightfoot and the Chief Rabbi of In 1924 a dining room was built, and the The complex of buildings sits hard to the 5 the unity of the language - particularly the the Cape, Rev Bender2 ) raised £9 on her Home was extended to accommodate 11 western edge of its site, facing east down a inappropriate 1991 addition of a lounge right in behalf, and £3 for a similar case. residents. Further cottages were added in 1935, fairly steep slope. The original core units (Baker front of the central unit. This led to the formation of a ·responsible introducing a curve in the line. In 1939 a new & Masey) are square to the western boundary; committee" which acquired land from the wing was added on the north side (further the later units (Kendall, and subsequent Significance summary Rhodes Trustees on the bank of Devil's Peak emphasising the curve) and ten years later a opposite Mostert's ruined mill. They obtained a basement storeroom was converted into a flat Considered Grade II by reason of promise from the Cape Government of £2,000 for the Matron. When Princess Christian's • Fine example of architecture by noted on a £ for £ principle and explored a series of daughter, Princess Marie Louise, visited the Illustration opposite practice Baker and Masey, imaginatively proposals for a hostel. Home on 5 April 1955 there were 20 residents. extended by FK Kendall and others (though In October 1904 Princess Christian laid the The Home's fiftieth anniversary led to the Top left: Front elevation of the 1907 central pavilion . severely compromised by later inappropriate foundation stone for the Home. She was the construction of three new units containing a This and succeeding illustrations courtesy UCT additions and interior alterations). third daughter of Queen Victoria who came to total of ten extra bedrooms - twenty-nine elderly Manuscripts and Archives, Kendall and Earle gift • Fine setting below Devil's Peak viewed from South Africa to visit the grave of her son who women were in residence in 1961. The Edwin folio 236. significant (but weakly handled) forecourt died during the South African War. She was Hart annexe, comprising double and single Right: Ground Floor Plan of 1907 scheme. space. accompanied by a party which included the rooms for 33 active residents, was opened in acting Prime Minister and the acting 1974, and married couples were admitted for • Rare building form. Bottom left: South elevation. • Relatively early example of old aged home. Administrator. A small crowd turned out in the the first time. New servant's quarters were built • Associated with Rabbi Bender; early pouring rain to witness the ceremony performed in 1977, and a new sick bay was opened in Illustration overleaf p36 · example of inter-faith welfare facility. under a canopied · platform erected on a 1978. Further extensions were completed in I Previously considered CCC Grade 2. "pleasant site" among some pines, watched by 1991 . In the last few years the Princess Reduced copy of April 1907 plan from which the Not recorded by Fransen and Cook. Mr Masey, the architect (the plans had been Christian Home has inciuded a frail care facility, previous details have been taken. Not recorded by Baker's biographers. drawn gratuitously by Messrs Baker and in keeping with the ideals of the founding I In Conservation Area. Masey), Mr Preston, the clerk of works, and Mr Committee. Illustration overleaf p37 Eddy, representing Messrs Reid & Co, the I prospective builders. Matters then ground to a Building history Reduced copy of December 1934 plan which shows · halt for three years. five units. The three central ones were already in 26 Page 2-34 The deepening recession, which lasted until After·a series of false starts , the first pavilion existence and at a late stage FK Kendall arced the I 1910, obliged the Government to withdraw its was built in 1907, "a little house, sheltered by end ones forward, introducing a curve to the line. I I I.I' N'

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------architects) are rotated to form an arc on either bituminous membrane on close boarding, which Landscape side of the main axis. The arc of seven linked is on open rafters, edge beams and timber pavilions is in an Edwardian Arts and Crafts posts at the stoeps. The complex is well sited on a shoulder of the language. The originally dominant central slopes leading up to Devil's Peak, which towers administration block has a steeply-pitched Walls up on axis behind it with the swathe of mature square pyramidal roof (with a discreet tail Plastered and painted (originally lime­ stone pines on Rhodes Estate forming the near projection over the kitchen), pierced by first floor washed?), some on brick plinths, many of which back-drop. Originally, there was a thick belt of dormer windows, rising to a statuesque red have a recent, inappropriate stone-chip stone pines immediately behind the buildings. brick chimney. The·cottages are under equally application. Now, a considerable earthen bank separates steeply-pitched hipped roofs, the two earliest the Home from UCT's Belsen residence. Fairly ones also with central chimneys. The pavilions Joinery dense mixed shrubs and trees, fencing and are connected by flat-roofed passage and stoep The joinery to the early units includes Vibracrete walling along the top of the bank links. inward-opening double casement windows and effectively screen out the low bungalows. This The scale of the original buildings is exterior louvered shutters, frequently with setting, with Devil's Peak crowning it, should not considerably smaller than Is conventional: fanlights over, and generous half-glazed doors be interrupted by new building elements. rooms are of minimal size; ceiling and door­ onto the linking, recessed stoeps. Internal doors The buildings are carefully composed, head heights are lower than was then standard. to bedrooms are single-panelled. The joinery is raised up high on the westem edge of the site, The scaled-down quality of the buildings typical of Baker's office, reflecting Cape Dutch surrounded by trees, and curving around and contributes to the intimate, domestic character Revival detailing and Arts and Crafts influences. overlooking the sloping lawns below. The of the complex. massive gums lining Rhodes Avenue run down The later units at either end do not precisely Interiors the southern boundary and, with shrubberies, conform to the symmetry of the inner five, but Most-of the rooms are notably small. Some provide a dense screen to the road. A gateway successfully respond to immediate site pressed-metal ceilings of simple geometric provides oblique access to the front of Princess conditions. The southern-most unit is a long, repeat pattern remain in the oldest areas. The Christian Home. The pair of fine old teak gates thin building, running parallel to Rhodes ceilings are low, particularly along the spinal (c1907), hung with heavy wrought iron strap Avenue, and the northern-most unit, wrapping passages running the length of the arc. The hinges on massive timber posts, have further down the slope, contains passage ceilings are recently-installed t&g unfortunately been replaced with meranti accommodation in its lower level. boarding, presumably to partially conceal the replicas (Sept 2000; following vehicular The quality and impact of the complex's extensive surface-mounted electrical cabling damage). The tarred driveway previously hierarchical composition is greatly marred by inserted throughout the interior of the complex. formed a circular loop past the former central the 1991 lounge pavilion. The clarity and order entrance porch. A relatively recent second of the complex is equally confused behind, Condition gateway, almost on the south-westem comer of where a number of recent additions and infill the property, provides a service access to the I alterations blur the view of the early hipped The complex appears to be regularly, tarred back yards, kitchen etc. roofs and chimneys and show no respect for the consistently maintained and its condition is The soft landscaping (extending down into I generic typology of the complex. Relatively generally good. the wedge between the Edwin Hart Annexe) is recent intrusive additions and new buildings There has been bo~ extensive loss of generally weak and incoherent, although neat include the double-storey mono-pitch staff authentic detail and a smothering of original and well maintained. There are a few well I quarters attached to the rear of the original fabric, resulting in a dilution of architectural considered plantings, for instance the kitchen wing, the similar adjacent building and legibility and quality both extemally and bougainvillaea sprawling over the pergola on Illustrations opposite some of the new blocks and infill to the north­ intemally. the raised stoep between the two southemmost I west (behind the original arc). The relatively recent additions and pavilion buildings. The garden does provide Top left: Beyond the original gateway off Rhodes alterations - the front lounge, newest bedroom "commodity and delighr - shade, screening, Avenue, the 1907 central administration block Is I Roofs wing/s to the north-west and the additions to the perfume, beauty - but there is a fundamental partially obscured by 1991 addition. Tall, articulated (Kentish) red brick west of the original kitchen - are poorly lack of conceptual order or underlying structure Top centre: View from the east with stone pines and-­ considered and intrusive architecturally, to the landscaping. I chimneys; steep roofs now under red asbestos­ Devil's Peak behind. cement slates, but almost certainly originally although functional. Broseley tiled (of which two roofs remain); The replacement of Broseley tiles by Spatial connections Right: One of the 191'4 cottages. shaped rafter-sprockets supporting projecting asbestos cement slates on most of the pavilion I eaves and gutters (now half-round asbestos roofs is unfortunate. The colour and patina of A characteristic of the Princess Christian Home Bottom left: The southernmost cottages, one cement, originally cast iron). The enclosed fired clay and the small scale and texture of the is that it is hidden away and many people are retaining Broseley tiles. I passages and covered east-facing stoeps are Broseley tiles is associated with the genre and not aware of it It forms a morphological area of flat-roofed, generally of malthoid-type particularly appropriate to this delicate complex. its own, screened from Rhodes Avenue by the Bottom centre: Framed three-quarter view of the Stone-chip application to the plinths of many gum trees and rough hedgerow, and entered by original building, Its porch having given way to the I Page 2-38 buildings is inappropriate. a discreet teak gate. On the far side it is link to the 1991 addition. I I - - - - separated from Avenue House by the trees Interested and affected parties Illustrations opposite along the fence, with glimpsed views of the rear and side of it from the front lawns. Enclosed by Statutory authorities, neighbours, Rhodes Will Top left: Kendall and later architects' cottages from the Edwin Hart complex in front, and turning its Trustees. behind. delivery yard to Belsen behind , only traffic noise Centre: One or the 1914 cottages showing typical from the M3 and students' revels disturb its Design indicators fenestration, eaves sprockets and "Kentish" red brick seclusion. chimney. The Princess Christian Home is marred by the Values and significance 1991 front lounge, which obscures the line of Top right : One half of the arc or linked cottages, the arc of pavilions and hides Baker and partially obscured by 1991 lounge and by confused The seven front pavilions of the complex are of Masey's fine architecture. The lounge should,be plantings. great architectural importance. Rare and demolished and the front restored. Consider re­ unusual, they were designed by the prominent instatement of Brosely tiles. Intrusive and poorly Bottom left: One of the stoeps and covered links firm of Baker and Masey and successors - a considered additions at the rear should also be between units with typical Baker and Masey half­ confident work in form and detail. The arc of removed and/or appropriately remodelled. The glazed door. well-articulated units linked by recessed stoeps lawns in front are an important element of the Bottom right: View from northern boundary of accommodates the site geometry with grace setting but the landscaping is weakly handled complex. and ease in the rugged landscape of Devil's and should be improved to recover and Peak. These important values are badly enhance the architectural values of the complex Illustrations p43 compromised by later gross and insensitive and the "woodland" setting. The backdrop of additions, poorly handled internal cabling and trees and view of the mountain should be trunking, and the tiny scale spoilt by too-large retained, as well as the gum avenue, screening Top left: View from south-west of southernmost replacement roofing tiles. hedges and gates on Rhodes Avenue. addition, still under Brosely tiles parallel to Avenue The Princess Christian Home also has Road. minor social-historical importance as an early old age home. The first old age home had been Centre: The original 1907 kitchen chimney. built 30 years previously, but the Princess Top right: View from south west of original central Christian Home admitted people of all faiths, building, encroached upon by poorly considered later thanks to the vision of Rev AP Bender and the additions. founding committee. Bottom left: View from north west of original Considered Grade II by reason of buildings. • Fine example of architecture by noted practice Baker and Masey, imaginatively Bottom right: The northernmost building of the extended by FK Kendall and others (though complex. Behind a Vibracrete boundary wall is the roof of a Belsen unit. Note the backdrop of stone severely compromised by later inappropriate pines and Devil 's peak beyond. additions and interior alteratioos). • Fine setting below Devil's Peak viewed from significant (but weakly hancled) forecourt space. • Rare building form. • Relatively early example of old aged home. • Associated with Rabbi Bender; early example of inter-faith welfare facility. Previously considered CCC Grade 2. Not recorded by Fransen and Cook. Not recorded by Baker's biographers. InConservation Area.

I

Page 2-40 I

. '&i: t(J , "'1 \. . I I ------EDWIN HART ANNEXE to Princess Christian Christian Home32 but was used by the Jewish though the hedgerow between them is scruffy Home Board of Deputies as a students· cultural and there are gaps in the avenue. The 33 3 centre . The building was demolished c1961 • . boundary to Avenue House is screened by Address The Edwin Hart Annexe, comprising double trees and a fence. The grassed inner space and single rooms for 33 active residents, was runs up banks to Princess Christian in an Corner Rhodes Avenue, Avenue Road. Erf opened on 12 June 1974, and married couples uneasy, incoherent way, though neatly 28426, possibly partly on erf 28425 were admitted to the Princess Christian Home maintained. for the first time. Although the two premises Restrictive conditions were next door to each other, the residents of Values and significance the Annexe seem not to have been subsidized 35 1873: Site donated by SJ Mostert on condition by the state as the Home itself was . The The site has townscape significance. It is an that it be used for religious purposes. architect was Ross Stephens of Forsyth and interim termination of the sequence of spaces This condition seemingly affected by Parker36. up Rhodes Avenue from the Main Road to later school and old age residential uses Mostert's Mill. The painted triangle in the road 1941 : General Residential R4 zoning. Siting, form and architecture at the comer of Rhodes Avenue and Avenue c1995: close to Scenic Drive (protected views Road once had trees on it and presents a out) The Annexe is set at an important point in the design opportunity. c1998: Section 108 Conservation Area streetscape of the area, terminating the lower The Annexe is less than 60 years old (so c2000: adjacent to Urban Edge (in rural/urban section of Rhodes Avenue coming from the statutory protection of structures does not transition zone) Main Road. It does this very weakly and no use apply) and has no particular architectural merit, is made of the street configuration opportunity. so it is not considered for conservation-worthy. Thumbnail description Rhodes Avenue continues past the left side of It is a soundly built place with a modest and the complex which is largely screened by the very late Arts and Crafts feeling , typical of its Double storey flats comprising two wings in a V start of the eucalyptus avenue. period, It may be possible to alter the internal shape enclosing a grassed central space, built The Annexe is V shaped. The main entry is layout to suit University accommodation. for "active" residents of the Princess Christian at the point of the V, off the space on the corner Home in 1974. of Rhodes Avenue and Avenue Road , where Interested and affected parties there is a drop off and portico. From it two Significance summary wings, each of two units, extend to partially Neighbours. contain a grassed area. The flats have The site has townscape significance. balconies which face north, one wing towards Design indicators Building not considered worthy of a the watercourse planting adjacent to Avenue conservation grading. House, the other into the courtyard. This is The view of the site from the Rhodes grassed and connects up the bank to the Avenue/Avenue Road intersection, which is a Social and building history garden of Princess Christian Home itself. There significant "knuckle" in a sequence of spaces are glass-enclosed access balconies on the leading upwards presents a design opportunity. Before Rhodes bought Welgelegen, SJ Mostert south sides of the wings - along Rhodes The gum avenue and screening hedge along subdivided the downhill part of the farm into Avenue and along the courtyard. Rhodes Drive should be retained and missing I lots. In 1873 his estate donated a prominent The wings are two stories high and the trees replaced. Development facing the piece on the comer of what were later called connecting entrance building is one storey. Princess Christian home across its front lawn I Rhodes Avenue and Avenue Road to the There is a reinforced concrete structure in parts. should be compatible with the architecture and 29 Wynberg Dutch· Reformed Church . A chapel The walls have a facebrick plinth and are setting of that complex and landscaping should was built there soon after - it is shown on the plastered brick above that. Windows generally be integrated. I 1885 Boyle map. No pictures have been found are cottage pane casements - large pane of it but in plan it was a simple rectangle with a windows enclosing balconies may have been a pitched roof. The central door faced down later addition. The buildings have hipped roofs Rhodes Avenue and had a flight of steps each with orange, _Marseilles pattern clay tiles. Only Illustrations opposite 30 side . a very superficial inspection was made of the In 1896 the building was transferred to the building construction and none of its condition. Top left: South wings, two linked blocks of double I 31 Mowbray. Public School . Their new school storey units with single storey sections under building was built elsewhere in 1905 but the hall Landscape and spatial connections Marseilles pattern roof tiles. I may havi:l continued in use for primary children. Top right: View of entrance from the knuckle. It was transferred in 1959 to the Princess Important and under-exploited termination of Bottom left and right: Buildings partially contain a lower part of Rhodes Avenue. There is a fine grassed area. I Page 44 hedge on the corner. Trees line Rhodes Avenue I I U' V I ~

------"BELSEN" STUDENT RESIDENCE, now a nursery - and at Protem, for 60 ex­ instance, the discovery that Greenmarket although built to military plans, the units had a University House servicewomen in prefabricated units. Square was an official outspan led, one civilian purpose and had to be wedged into an "Macabrely dubbed 'Belsen' and 'Buchenwald' Saturday morning, to the arrival there of nine unused space between the highway and by their inmates because of their Spartan wagons with attendant sheep and chickens . Princess Christian Home. Address character and the barbed wire fencing At about this time (c1963-5] the second In the 1960s, presumably when the surrounding them, these residences carriageway was being built for De Waal Drive residents moved to the new Driekoppen Off Rhodes Avenue, Mowbray, adjacent to M3 subsequently adopted (at least officially) the (and] the moving of a road-sign brought many residence, most of the units behind Avenue Rhodes Drive. Erf 28366. more acceptable names, 'Driekoppen' and members of the public into the parking area of House and Cadboll were demolished, leaving a 'Protem', in response to a public outcry against the residence, looking for the Ideal Homes single isolated building there and a cluster of 11 Restrictive conditions the original names." In 1947 the Government Exhibition . units. put up dining halls at the two residences, at its "In 1965 the students moved from the 1910: Conditions of Rhodes Will (seemingly own expense. When students moved to the hutments There was so much of the old Siting, form and architecture non-compliant). present Driekoppen on Woolsack Drive in 1965, residence that was dear and familiar that many 1941 : Single Residential zoning. the huts were refurbished and the name asked whether the same spirit would prevail in Single storey barracks, set out in cranked rows c1995: adjacent to Scenic Drive (protected 'University House' revived. (Phillips 1993:219, new surroundings. No longer would the elderly on the contour of the slope. The form arises views out) 227-8, 387.) residents of the Ladies' [Princess] Christian from the construction, in which 9" (225mm) c2000: all except one unit are beyond Belsen has a tradition of hearty conviviality. Home request that the students 'keep a little plastered brick walls support a low-pitched Urban Edge "Hard work and even harder play" was a slogan quieter'; no longer could the students reply by corrugated iron roof supported on trusses Not in Conservation Area. of 1956, while a recent I-shirt pronounced it a sending the ladies flowers or asking them to spanning about eight metres. Added to one or place "where men are men and women are 'clear up the mess of empty beer-bottles in your both sides is an open balcony with a flatter Thumbnail description grateful". Former Vice-Chancellor Stuart garden. Shame on you, drinking at your age!"' pitched roof, which gives a quaint kink to the Saunders was there from 1948 and remembers (Stuart Saunders 1979: 136-7, telephone otherwise austere form. The space within is Barracks of 9" plastered brick with corrugated it well: interview 28.9.2000.) divided in various ways: single cells back-to­ iron roofs , built 1945-46 for World War II ex­ "After the Second World War the University back, a family house, common rooms. servicemen returning to University. used the PWD hutments below De Waal Drive Building history Married quarters in five shorter blocks (c8m to house some of the ex-servicemen who were x 20m long) are in effect semi-detached units. Significance summary returning to civilian life as students. These Built in 1945, there were initially several more Their balconies (with ends enclosed in an hoc blocks, surrounded ... by barbed wire, soon blocks extending behind Avenue House and way) are on the north, mountain side. They are Considered to be Grade Ill by reason of earned the residence the name 'Belsen' [a Nazi Cadboll. A dining room was added 1947. approached through small gardens dug into the • Technically typical of 1940s military concentration camp], which has remained Undecorated sheds like these - the bare bank, down a short, steep flight of stairs. On the barracks (prominent location but layout closely linked with its official name, minimum, cheap and quick to build - were put south they have steel cottage pane windows, atypical). 'Driekoppen'. up in vast numbers during the Second World some with intrusive burglar proofing. • Association with World War II and its "The first students shared a common War. They used construction methods of Six are longer (c8m x 43m). There were aftermath experience: comradeship and interdependence standardisation and pre-fabrication that initially many more, now demolished, of which • Associations for former students. arising from life in the armed forces. They were epitomise mid-20th century building technology an isolated one survives. They are back-to-back • There is an isolated block to the north which tolerant men with a mature attitude to work and (and which continued to be used in low cost strings of small single rooms, each with a stable housing in black areas). The common shell of is ungraded, having lost its context. play (who] elected their own warden and were door and window. They share a communal barrack form, its width determined by the ablution at one end which is reached on both Not previously graded. greatly assisted (by him] in their rather stormy relationship with 'Admin'. ... There were no optimum span of timber trusses, could be sides along an open balcony. There is a dining facilities at first and the long walk to the adapted for single cells, officer's quarters or chimney associated with the service end, Social history Students' Union was not appreciated. messes. There are examples elsewhere, original use not known. Some of the balconies The end of the Second World War swelled Eventually a 'mess' was built and the men were though their numbers are decreasing. have been enclosed on both sides and internal Sometimes completely prefabricated units student numbers at UCT by 1488 ex-volunteers given the choice of paying full board or renting walls demolished to make reception spaces, almost overnight. The University took their rooms only and arranging for their own were used - as at Protem - but more often the with glulam beams replacing the loadbearing advantage of special Government grants for meals. Some elected to cook for themselves in barracks were built of hard-burnt brick, a solid walls. _ buildings meant primarily for ex-service their rooms, with the inevitable shambles! ... wall 9" thick, with standard windows, doors and The 11th unit is a dining room/kitchen precast concrete cills. Here the brick is which, though it uses steel cottage pane students, building new Medical and Engineering . "The first 'new men' arrived [c1947] and facilities and 38 austere army huts to house the wore orange ties, which marked them as plastered as builders had learned over the I flood of students. In 1945-46 two clusters were Driekoppen men. Inheriting from the ex­ previous five years that the weather face of a 9" built: at Driekoppen, for 286 men in brick walled ; servicemen, as they did, a capacity to judge wall leaks. Illustrations opposite others by their personalities and abilities, and At places like Westlake, the camps were units - also included were married quarters and '. also an attitude of tolerance and fair play, the arranged in hierarchical quarters, symbolising Top: central parxing. I men of Driekoppen never indulged in juvenile order and status - the classic "Military Lines" Bottom left: Between the long blocks. The crank in activities, like initiation [though] the first decade form that stretches back to Mongolian tent the line is not typical of barrack layouts ... Page 2-46 Bottom right ... but gives considerable charm. I was marked by a spirit of ingenuity ... For cities . At Belsen this urban form is missing: I I ------• • • windows, has features different from the other grass bank, with a wind blasted avocado where development is discouraged. This part is units, like the hipped corrugated iron roof, a and gum tree. the foreground to the southward view of projecting end gable and in parts 14" external The whole complex is newly enclosed in UCT's Mostert's Mill from Rhodes drive, which wo.uld . walls. characteristic metal fencing, fortunately benefit from opening up and judicious greenihg. screened by a hedge along Rhodes Avenue, The Mill's wind corridor must be protec~d. Materials, details, condition but obtrusive from Rhodes Drive. Across upgrading and reuse of existing buildings and Rhodes Drive behind are banks of pine trees. improved landscape design may be indicated. Not systematically inspected. Generally The effect of any development on downward plastered 9" brick without weepholes, with low Spatial connections views from Rhodes drive over the northern part pitched corrugated iron roofs on timber trusses of the site should be considered. Parts of the with 400mm eaves pr_ojection and asbestos M3 behind, on a retaining wall of varying height, site are negatively affected · by traffic noise. A cement gutters and downpipes. Gable ends and the offramp joining Rhodes Avenue at the soft edge to Rhodes drive should be retained; have airbricks to ventilate the roof space. side. Back of Princess Christian in front. The plantings of Stone Pines, visually connecting Cottage pane standard steel windows have units are hemmed in except for a lane on the Rhodes Estate, should be considered. The precast cills, lintels not obvious. The few rooms east linking to Matopo Road . However there is a Welgelegen axis (a possible future pedestrian inspected had small wood blocks or carpet tiles · · free flow of pedestrian residents through gates route) may present design opportunities. on the floor and flush ceilings, both of which in the University fencing, accessed by swipe I seem to be later upgrades. Access balconies cards. have flatter pitch corrugated iron roofs supported on steel pipes, and no ceilings. Some Values and significance I are partially enclosed. Regularly painted and maintained The buildings at Belsen are typical in form of throughout its existence, it is in good condition. the standard military barracks built throughout I World War Two, but have an unusually informal Landscape layout reflecting their civilian purpose: housing I returning servicemen attending the University The cranking courtyards and spaces between after the War. South Africa played an important them, a consequence of the layout of the units supportive role in World War II and the fight I on the contour, have an enjoyable scale and against Fascism. The hutments, a memory of character. There are several distinctive places this, are in a highly visible position on a scenic in the Belsen cluster, chiefly resulting from their motorway. Built to be temporary, but surviving I landscapes. 55 years, the residence has fond associations 1. The married units have a lawn one side and for generations of students. I small individual gardens dug into the bank behind . Considered to be Grade Ill by reason of 2. Central to the five long blocks is a car park • Technically typical of 1940s military I on sloping ground. It has one or two trees barracks (prominent location but layout but the tar runs right up to building edges, atypical). giving it a hard and unconsidered quality. • Association with World War II and its I One unit has a bed of young shrubs to aftermath alleviate this. • Associations for former students. I 3. Between the long blocks, there is a running • There is an isolated block to the north which Illustrations opposite flow of space with access balconies on both is ungraded, having lost its context. sides and a garden and retaining wall Not previously graded. Top left: Outrider to the development I between. Planting is typically grass, shrubs Centre: Open access verandah with courtyard and random trees which include many Interested and affected parties avocados and guavas. Unlike most barrack running alongside. I layouts, these units are not at right angles Trustees of Rhodes Will. Military historians? Top right: Parallel blocks {right) behind Princess so the continuing view is cranked in an Former students? Christian Home {left) . inviting way. I 4. One isolated outrider of the demolished Design indicators Bottom left: The open access verandahs lead to blocks sits in an exposed position on a communal ablutions. I Except for the outrider, the hutments are on the rural side of the recommended urban edge, Bottom Right: Stable doors, cottage section steel Page 2-48 windows and corrugated iron roof. I

. f f:l .. ,,... I I ------ENDNOTES shrubs and shady trees wound unobtrusive always very formal, especially the H shape; in in 1905. The Eaton Convalescent paths[ ... ] Parker had trained under Greek Thomson's Home was established in 1895. 1. Revel Fox & Partners 1997. "The only facet of the garden which seemed partner in Glasgow; he worked for Freeman, an a little out of place (and this was the inventive Cape-based architect; the 25. Alfred Philipp Bender (1863-1937), Rabbi 2. Picton-Seymour 1977:72, Johnson 1987:386 contribution of Repton) was the intrusion of asymmetrical villa was a vernacular form he of Cape Town and professor of Hebrew at the small formal flower-beds near the house, used; Baker's use of craftsmen for his details is SA College, was a briHiant scholar who came to 3. Simcox 1990:15 brilliant with tropical flowers and exotics [ ... ]. rare in the 20th century - Parker's use of South Africa from Britain in 1895. According to Wood paling or lattice-work fences or gates standard materials in an inventive way set a his biographer, his greatest love was · 4. He was not related to the prominent Cape separated the garden from flanking roads and more practical example for his successors.] philanthropy, and he worked for all, irrespective Town architects AH Reid and Walter Reid (sons fields, so that it formed a private world aloof "The verandah columns, brackets and of race or creed. He was actively associated of William Henry Reid who practised in from its neighbours.· railings are of cast-iron, a medium that Baker with almost every charity organisation in the Plymouth 1856-77 and came to SA in 1877 avoided except for the verandah at Hopeton city, and was a member of the Cape Hospital 18. Simcox and Hallack 1990:15 House where Baker changed his original Board from its inception until his death. During 5. Johnson 1987:386 designs for a wooden verandah, probably under the South African War he worked tirelessly for 19. CA Mowbray plan 972/5-1897 pressure from his client. The walls are red-brick the welfare of refugees. 6. T1467/1938, T16041/1944. (mock brickwork], also a material which Baker 20. Johnson1987:102-3, 414. Johnson does not used sparingly only as quoins and other 26. The earliest records found of a building on 7. T16041/1944 give a reason for thinking that Parker was possible details such as in the form of elliptical the Princess Christian site are plans by H Baker ", responsible (he mentions that Parker designed arches above windows (used in Doomfontein and ~asey for a Women's' Hostel, designed in 8. Yap and Man 1996:215-6 McKay's shop at Simon's Town). 0 Pryce School of Music 1905, etc]. The cement quoins November 1902. The client was the Rhodes Lewis, who wrote an unpublished book on and mouldings, which contrast with the red­ Estate but not carrying out any specific gift in 9. Hallack, undated Parker and looked at all Council's plans, does brick walls and fill up the open wall-areas, are the will - they are signed by EM Syfret, not list Parker as author. Johnson writes, mostly in the classical mode. The scroll "executor of the estate of the late Cecil 10. T13011/1999 "Cadboll, Avenue Road, Mowbray for D brackets beneath the windows are of interest Rhodes". A tightly planned two storey building McKay, 1894. since they are identical to the ones used by was proposed with 30 small cubicles on the first 11 . T2732/1894, T239/1896 "(This is a] Comparison (of Baker's work] Baker in his early projects. There the similarity floor. On the ground floor were sitting room, with the work of other local architects. [ ...] Two stops, however, and the rest of the building is dining room (with two long tables), matron's 12. CA Mowbray plan 892/115-1899 works by John Parker, both dated 1894, form full of conventional details such as mouldings offices and extensive kitchens and service the basis of a comparison with works with Baker and bargeboards. rooms. There was a stoep along the front and a 13. CA Mowbray plan 689-1905 over the first three years of the period 1892- "Baker never seemed to need to pander so decorative gable centrally, a composition wholly 1901. It must be appreciated that Parker had unresolved (JLMA Baker file 177). 14. CA 3/CT-412/1/3/1401 file 1904 fully to clientele tastes as Parker has done just completed a seven-year apprenticeship here .. ." Though the scheme was submitted for with Charles Freeman, and this would hardly planning approval and went out to tender it was 15. CA3/CT-4/2/1/3/1741 file 1380 have brought him into contact with the latest 21 . Mowbray Council plan 109/39-98 abandoned. It was too expensive and it seems that the cubicles were unsatisfactory. In 16. MLH report architectural advances. "[ ... ] CadboU ... is of a much more affluent 22. See Lewcock 1963:121 for an extended February 1904 the clients met Baker's partner 17. Lewcock 1963:312-7. "A particular type (than a speculative terrace] but is discussion of its emergence. Francis Masey and briefed him about their importance of the villa to the South African nevertheless very conventional in its requirements and dreams. A note, addressed scene was that it brought with it the English arrangement (footnote: a double storey version 23. T10781, 28 Oct 1927, erf 28433 from The Home for Incurables, Constantia, I gardening tradition (or rather, that part of it of probably the most common building pattern survives (JLMA Baker file 236): 24. The first home for aged women in the city which had survived the hand of Humphrey of this period). The two projecting bay windows, "Memorandum of accommodation required, seems to have been the Ladies' Christian Home Repton). For its setting was one of the most arranged at 90 degrees to each other, enclose verbally conveyed to Mr Masey at an interview I in Vrede Street, which provided security, striking attributes of the new villa. In place of the a verandah - this is one of the most typical between him and Mrs Wright and Mr Bender on comfort and care for a few elderly ladies, from eighteenth century fdfmal garden ·( ... ] was ·a Peninsula plans. While Baker favoured an .the 19th t'Feb 1904. Accommodation to be February 1877. old age homes followed I scattered overgrown landscape, at first sight informal plan with a number of projections, he Other arranged ·on one floor. The plan to be slowly, among them the Dorcas Almshouse. seeming to be purely accidental, 'nature never used this plan in its standard form - we somewhat if possible after the pattern of the Rogelim in Faure Street was an old men's unadorned' as its protagonists dubbed it, but on must remember that Parker arrived at the Cape Woolsack - that is to say of a quadrangle form I home, and Highlands House in Vredehoek (the closer inspection too perfect in its arrangement at the age of twenty and spent his largest period with a wide corridor open to the air that could be home of Ettie Stakesby Lewis, Olive Schreiner's and convenience, too trim and well cared for, to of training under an architect who had been in used for sitting out. Sketch to be made shewing elder sister) catered for inebriates. The Poor be wild. Through this Elysium of flowering South Africa for a long time, while Baker arrived a completed scheme although it will only be I in the country at the more mature age of thirty Sisters of Nazareth, who started work in So~ possible to proceed with a small portion at the having worked with a notable firm of architects Africa in 1882, operated from Roeland Street first. The committee want to keep near £3,000 prior to their removal to a spacious new building I Page 2-50 in London." [Note: several assertions by at present Johnson are questionable: Baker's plans are 1 A good large hall similar to the Woolsack I I 2 General sitting room "Now occupied by five invalids, three of "Despite the precedents for this form, Baker 3 General dining room whom are in the frailest health . . . each one of and Masey have done well to use such a daring 4 Sman dining room for consumptive patients whom has a cheelful little room of her own [sic], shape as the focal point in the crescent of 5 Good sized kitchen and offices comfortably furnished, and with a pleasant cottages and yet to make it quite homely and 6 Matron's sitting room and bedroom outlook. The room originally intended as a unpretentious. 7 Bedrooms for eight patients, not cubicles drawing room has been partitioned and made "(Designs for a cottage for WT Buisinne, 8 Two servants' bedrooms into two rooms. One room serves as a dining Kenilworth, 1909, also show the use of this 9 One nurse's room room and common room but so limited is the large roof with almost central chimney. The No plans were found of the scheme space . . . that there is no sleeping accom­ whole concept is very similar to two previous prepared in 1904 but a foundation stone was modation for the servants[... ]". houses, namely Felday and the unbuilt house "laid by HRH Princess Christian of Schleswig­ for Saunders. Here the hall is more prominent Holstein on Monday 10th October MDCCCCIV" 28. Johnson 1987:224-5. "The [Princess than at Felday because it also houses the ie 1904 and an ornamental trowel made Christian Home] is not a domestic project in the stairs, and houses them more generously. At commemorating the event. normal sense of the word, but each unit is Felday the stairs are tucked away and are In March 1905 Baker and Masey had domestic in its size and most units are domestic extremely steep. It is unusual for architects to prepared a scheme of units in a line which in their function as well. While most units are repeat a design as closely as Baker and Masey faced north across the site rather than east. simple hipped cottages with substantial brick have done here. Masey, since he was probably Each pavilion had a decorative gable. Later in chimneys emerging from the central ridge, the the sole designer of his own house, Felday, was the month a variant was tried with hipped roofs central unit is the most striking and innovative. therefore probably also instrumental in these ra1her than gables. By the time final drawings The pyramidal roof, without any ridge, climaxes two subsequent designs. Having lived at Felday were prepared in June the scheme had in a large Kentistl star-moulded brick chimney for some years, the few refinements in the acquired modest central chimneys and such as that at Hunts Farm, Crundale. Such design would have meant that subsequent consisted of a central block (with a rear wing), chimneys would have been very familiar to owners benefitted from the experience of the pavilions each side and room for more Baker, but it is inleresting that he should only architect. Although the site plans are not extensions each side. There are various use it so many years later. The large pyramidal sufficient to be dogmatic on the subject, there is undated drawings in the JLMA file but the next roof was a fealure used at first only for no indication that this design, as the one for secure date is December 1906 - mentioned in Renaissance-styled lodges, such as the Saunders, was ever carried out either.) the committee minutes. A scheme prepared Temperate House lodge by Eden Nesfield and "The porch of the central unit at the then shows the pavilion theme, this time with the Lodge, Garton Manor by John Slater and Princess Christian Home is highly unusual and each unit being square in plan and all having Keith. Nesfield's lodge is more a folly than a forms a most stimulating architectural feature elaborate brickwork central chimneys. A similar serious piece of domestic architecture, yet it with its semi-circular inverted "arches". This scheme of April 1907 is seen in contract would have been well known to most Londoners element was repeated at a house, Kloof Nek, drawings that were prepared, which note that and anticipates the Baker and Masey design by for WH Bettesworth, 1901 ." the foundation stone was to be moved from a about forty years. The Slater and Keith lodge position higher up the bank into the entrance also has the large central brick chimney, dormer 29. T571/1873. hall. windows and Queen Anne brickwork with white window frames. The pyramidal roof can also be 30. Braine and Drake map, 1945 aerial 27. Miss EL McPherson, "Charities of the found at the Boumeville Village, King's Heath by photograph. Peninsula" in Cape Times, Cape Town, 1913. Alexander Harvey (1895-1904). A romantic "In the grounds of Groote Schuur estate ... there interpretation of the concept was used in an 31 . T2424/1896. stands a little house, sheltered by the pines and American copy book where it has been wearing a cheerful home-like air ... This cottage combined with strongly Tudor designs. A 32. T8225/1959. · is one of five which in the future are to genuinely domestic version of this concept was constitute on institution . . . designed to give designed by Ashbee at Ivor Heath at almost 33. Loos 2000. shelter to impoverished ladies who by reason of exactly the same time Baker and Masey incurable disease and the infirmities of old age produced this design, and in 1907 Hoffman 34. Disney, though they are listed in 1963 street have fallen upon evil days. produced a double storey version with a very directory. "The building was designed by Messrs small and not totally central chimney. "Felday" Baker and Masey and in the plan there is (the house for Ogilvie in Erin Rd], which is 35. Loos 2000. provision for four other cottages. The present almost certainly entirely by Masey, is an early 36. Le Mesurier 1997:41 . . building in future is to serve as the predecessor dating back to 1900. This could be administration block and the cottages on either an indication that Masey had much to do with I side of it are to be connected by a covered this particular project. Page 2-51 passage.

I - - REFERENCES Lewcock, Ronald, Early Nineteenth Century Architecture in South Africa, AA Balkema, Cape Town 1963. Cairns, M, "Amid the noise and haste•, in Alumni UCT, Spring 1984. Loos, Jackie, Welfare in Cape Town a century ago, Appendix D of Volume 2 Cairns, Margaret, "Welgelegen and Mostert's Mill, Mowbray, Cape•, in CABO 1989, Historical National Trust for Historic Preservation, A Society journal, Cape Town, 1989:21-22. Guide to Delineating Edges of Historic Districts, The Preservation Press, Washington, 198* Cape Metropolitan Council, Metropolitan Spatial Development Frameworl<: A Guide for Spatial Pama, C, Wagon Road to Wynberg, Tafelberg, Development in the Cape Metropolitan Cape Town, 1979. Functional Region, Technical Report, Regional Planning, April 1996. Revel Fox & Partners, Scenic Drive Network Report, for Cape Metropolitan Council, 1997. Chittenden Nicks and De Villiers, Groote Schuur Estate, Conservation and development Riley, Susan Olivia, "The Welgelegen Estate•, frameworl< Phase 1: Analysis and preliminary UCT University essay obtained from Friends of recommendations, June 2000. Mostert's Mill.

Fagan, Gwendoline Elizabeth, "An introduction Rosenthal, Eric, Tankards and tradition, Howard to the man-made landscape at the Cape from Timmins, Cape Town, 1961. the 1r" to the 19111 centuries•, PhD thesis, , 1995. Simcox, Roy W and Hallack, Russel, Mowbray 100, Mowbray, Rosebank and Observatory GAPS, -Mowbray Local Area Plan, Civic Association, Mowbray, February 1990. for the , 1992. Simons, P Brooke, Groote Schuur: Great Gasson, Barry, Combrinck, Pierre, Oberholzer, Granary to Stately Home, Fernwood, 1996. Bernard, Todeschini, Fabio and Visser, Dirk: Groote Schuur Estate Landscape Management Todeschini and Japha and Penny Pistorius, Plan, Report, prepared for the Department of Cape Metropolitan Area: Protection of the Built Public Works and Land Affairs, 1992. Environment, Consultancy Report Phase 1, for the Cape Metropolitan Council, 1997. Hallack, Russel, "Schools in Mowbray", unpublished typescript at Mowbray Public Todeschini and Japha, Rondebosch and Library, Local History file, undated. Mowbray Conservation Study, prepared for the Town Planning Branch of the City Planner's Hart, Peter, Rondebosch and Rosebank street Department of the City Council, 1989/1990 names, Peter Hart, Cape Town, 1998. VKE Engineers and Planners, Peninsula Urban Humphries, AJB, "The archaeology of the Edge Study, for Cape Metropolitan Council, Peninsula and Cape Flats" in du Plessis, NM, 1999. compiler, The : The story of the Tygerberg Hills and the towns of Parow, Yap, Melanie and Man, Dianne Leong, Colour, Bellville and Durbanvil/e, Tafelberg 1998. confusion and concessions: The history of the Chinese in South Africa, Hong Kong University Johnson, Brian A, Domestic architecture at the Press, Hong Kong, 1996. Cape 1892-1912: Herbert Baker, his associates and his contemporaries, unpublished thesis, Young, John, Observatory: A Town in the UNISA, 1987. (Information on Reid sourced Suburbs, A History of Observatory 1881-1913, from The Argus 25 May 1979:5, The Outspan 5 The Josephine Mill Press, 1998. Jan 1945:13.) Page 2-53 I Sahra Library I - - APPENDIX 2-A 1803 OCF diagram shows T shaped house (OCF 5:71) 1813 Thibault plan CA M3/41 shows several werf buildings, direct route from Main Road, old upper road, several rivers, dam in locality of Hare's brickfield, large areas of strip fields town WELGELEGEN TIME LINE side of Varietas (vineyards?}, elsewhere stippled (wheat?), size 244mo521 sr [209. 7454 ha), erf 28001 Welgelegen emerges 1813 Thibault plan CA shows Varietas, 1 building near Main Rd in locality of Town Hall, size 4mo20sr 1657 Other Liesbeek farms granted including Zorgvliet to Steven Botma ex Pama :4 20.9.1814 G van Reenen granted land on ridge behind Malay cemetary ex? < 1676 Comelis Stevenz Bothma acquires Zorgvliet, undeveloped ex Fagan :319 1818 G van Reenen granted additional 57 morgen (CQSG 293) ex Fagan :323 22.6.1676 Welgelegen to Comelis Stevenz Bothma grant 6mo (5.14 ha) ex Pama 1979:33 also 1821 Young mentions regrant Cairns :21 (OCF 1 :85) 1.3.1822 G van Reenen granted land up to battery ex 1897 map 1680s Property owners were required to cultivate land or forfeit it - so use and cultivation from an 1.3.1822 G van Reenen granted strip of land along Main Road ex 1897 map early date ex Cairns :21 19.11.1822 property changed hands? [details not captured) ex Malan I 1692 Census return 16,000 vines (CA J60) ex Fagan :31 9 1823 20,000 lbs hay, 20 leaguers wine, 1 leaguer brandy, 25,000 vines, 30 slaves, mill not 1698 to Alida Botma's husband J Heufke ex Pama 1979:33 incorrect specifically mentioned ex Cairns (CA J54) 17.3.1703 to Johannes Heufke (son in law) ex Riley, Fagan (T593) 1824 Cornfield picture Driekoppen Inn shows Rhodes Avenue comer Main Road, inn, an older I Heufke from Hamburg married daughter Aletta Botma. He was Lieut then Captain of thatched house behind it [cf 1813 map), an enclosed field on the slopes of Welgelegen farm Burghery, Master of Orphan Chamber, Burgher Councillor ex Fagan :319 1825 Mostert farming Altona section ex Cairns I 24.9.1706 Altona granted ex Fagan :319 1825 Mostert (at Altona) 28,000 vines, 6 leaguers wine, half leaguer brandy ex Cairns 1713 death of Heufke ex Pama incorrect 14.9.1826 property changed hands [details not captured) ex Malan unknown to Jacobus van der Heiden (anti-Willem van der stel) ex Riley incorrect 1827 G van Reenen granted additional land 18 morgen (OCQ:3, Vol 3 SG) ex Fagan :323 I 1723 Driekoppen Inn established by Johannes Beck ex Hallack 1827 death of Gysbert van Reenen, buried in graveyard ex Cairns 1724 Execution of three slaves, heads displayed on Main Road ex Hallack 1827 graveyard in existence - by 1985 there were 104 names, more in unnamed graves ex Cairns +50 yrs to Gottlieb Christian Opperman, f32,000 ex Riley incorrect 1989:21 , 23 ref Cairns 1984 I 12.10.1752to Henning Joachim Prehn of Hamburg ex Fagan (T150) 7.7.1829 to Sybrand Jacobus Mostert (T65) 19.10.1753additional arable land to Prehn ex Fagan :319 SJ Mostert had married van Reenen's daughter, Johanna Petronella I <1756 house in existence ex Cairns :21 29.11.1834to Sybrand Jacob Mostert ex SG 139/1873 [possibly regrant?] unknown absorbed Altona ex Pama 1979:34 The gentry arrive I Van Reenen ownership 1835 T Hare obtains some land (Lime kiln and brickfield) ex Hallack 30.1 2.1756to Jacob van Reenen f11,200 includes Welgelegen, Altona and Prehn piece ex Fagan c1838 Webb Smith painting Library of Parliament shows Welgelegen, Mill with sails from Camp I (T3249) Ground Jacob van Reenen was son of Jacob VR from Memel ex Cairns. He was married twice and 1838 60,000 lbs hay reaped from 50 muids com sown, 25 leaguers wine, 1.5 brandy ex Cairns had 16 children in 16 years. A wealthy man, he also owned farms in the Zwartland ex Fagan :21-2 I :319 c1845 Bowler painting ex Welz (date before Mowbray House built) 1757 house expanded ex Riley [no estate papers] 1846 First mention of Mowbray House in street directory ex Malan I 1762 180 muids of wheat, 57 slaves, 10,000 vines, 20 leaguers wine ex Cairns :21 (CA A 2250 of 1849 Street directory lists SJ Mostert at Welgelegen, JW Eksteen at Zorgvliet, Mr Chiappini at 1762) Woolsack (owned by J Eksteen), DJ Cloete at Rustenburg, Hon H Cloete at Ecklenberg, 1786 Map shows Welgelegen well developed but exaggerates this. Long approach road, fields Abraham de Smidt at Groote Schuur, Sir Harry Smith at Westbrooke (owned by A de Smidt), I above and below perhaps wheat, also short route from Driekoppen, werf of 4 buildings not JPL Cloete at Westervoort, etc ex 1849 directory in Hallack on axis, hedged fields around possible vineyards. Higher. up slope to west is large starburst 17.6.1850 Area renamed Mowbray ex Hallack parterre (Bailey and Brink CA M1/960) 1850 Brickfields started Forest Hill vicinity ex Young p3 I 1787 Map, apparently relatively reliable, shows cluster of werf buildings including icon of a mill, 1852 20 bus arrival and departures per day (cart then covered wagon) ex Riley approach roads from Driekoppen and town, but no cultivation indicated (Van de Graaf and 1854 Opening of St Peter's cemetery, Main Road (Anzio Road) I Barbier CA M1/895) 1865 Railway Line to Wynberg opened ex Kinahan (1865 ex Riley) 1793 death of Jacob van Reenen ex Cairns c1865 Topocadastrai map CCC 398/82. Site boundaries, grants. Welgelegen werf layout shown as 19.7.1794 to Gysbert van Reenen f53,000 (T6839-1794) youngest son ex Fagan Thibault but it was probably not resurveyed, old upper road, route to Main Rd, farm route to I 1796 Date carved on Mill beam (or cog-wheel ex Fagan :323) is generally thought to indicate its upper Rustenberg building date, disputed by D Sleigh who refers to 1787 map 1873 Death of SJ Mostert ex Calms :22 c1796 Smart map CA M3/19 indicates werf buildings, field to north, 2 vineyards east, only access is 1873 Inventory ex Cairns 1989: Dwelling house 10 rooms, hall, kitchen, pantry= £750. Building I long approach road from Observatory [opp Milton Rd], no short route to Main Rd but fields used as a bakery, outrooms and adjoining dwelling = £250. Wine store under flat roof, c100ft curve suggestively · long, a good substantial building= £250. 16 horse stable, 3 rooms, 2 coach-houses, fowi I 2.11 .1803 Welgelegen greatly increased in area ex Cairns (OCF 5:71) houses = £300. Outhouse = £50. Brewery with outbuildings £500. 2 buildings used as 2.11.1803 Welgelegen regrant Gysbert van Reenen OCF 6: 172 ex 1897 map stables, each 100 ft long with a shed under corrugated iron = £450. Building used as stores

I ·-zA I I and stable = £200. Large dwelling house let for £80 pa = £550. Windmill £50. 264 morgen Rd. Quarry not acknowledged (vicinity lots 54-57). Broad George William Falmouth planted with 70,000 vines all in a healthy condition. 300 choice fruit trees, large plantation of Penzance area developed. oak, fir and other woods. Total £5,000. 1897 Cadboll House built for D McKay by AB Reid ex CCC 1873 Mill thought not to be working in view of low valuation, family papers ex Cairns :23 1898 Stable adds at Cadboll, architects Tully & Waters for McKay 19.10.1899 Baker and Masey Welgelegen redesign plans passed, AB Reid contractor Suburbanisation 1899 Original fabric remains in Welgelegen cellars, kitchen windows ex Riley 1899 Variatas suburb being developed: house for Geo Bennett by AB Reid & Co ex CCC 3.1873 Subdivision, 43 plots acquired [or later inherited?] by 2 sons Mostert but dormant ex Young 1899 Avenue House bay window adds ex CCC p3 1900 John Blades Currey (manager) resident at new Welgelegen, family members after him ex 5.5.1873 Some lots incl Avenue House and Cadboll from SJ Mostert sr to FF Rutherfoord Cairns 30.5.1873 Edwin Hart piece from SJ Mostert to Dutch Reformed Church Wynberg 259sr10, church built unknown Joseph Durden paintings of interior Welgelegen ex Riley before 1885 ex Boyle map 1900 Mowbray Town Hall completed, architects Tully and Waters unknown Welgelegen to 2 Mostert sons ex Cairns :22 26.3.1902 Death of Rhodes 5.8.1876 Some lots incl Avenue House and Cadboll from FF Rutherfoord to PGH Willmot - Lots 39, unknown Princess Christian site donated by Rhodes Trustees [according to will ex Le Mesurier 41, 43, 45, 47, 49, 51, 52, 53, [55?], 57, 59 ie between Avenue Road and non-road from the incorrect] Church to beyond Varietas Flats. 1902 Start date for Braine and Drake map - see c1907 c1881 House partially destroyed by fire, fallen into a dilapidated state ex Riley :5, Pama :35 c1904 Groote Schuur map ex Simons. Graveyard, Paddocks, Wood to Carriage Drive lined with 1882 deduction to WJ Tltterton Mowbray-Durham Rd ex Young p3 trees, Welgelegen farm routes, schematic werf buildings, Rosebank showgrounds over 1883 Mowbray included in Liesbeek Municipality ex Pama 1979:33 Zorgvliet, some subdivided lots are within Rhodes Estate boundary, eg 27-38 etc. Woolsack 1884 disastrous outbreak of phylloxera destroys vines, ruins farmers ex Riley called Cottage. Varietas.and suburb are outside boundary, not delineated. 1885 Boyle map, buildings schematic. Present are Welgelegen werf buildings, some farm routes, 1904 Major flooding of , Mowbray ex Hallack Rhodes Avenue, Cecil Rd, Church, Mowbray House on Varietas, old upper road exists as 10.10.1904 Princess Christian lays foundation stone (later moved) ex JLMA I unmade track petering out, cemetery, watercourse, beyond 3 houses incl Clee House, Ill 20.2.1905 Baker & Masey rough draft of Rhodes Memorial found "most acceptable" ex Keath milestone, opposite unmade Milton Rd . Broad George William Falmouth Penzance area 3.1905 Linked unit design for Princess Christian ex JLMA developed. North end Zorgvliet developed (Mowbray Hall), several villas, church? 15.11.1905Stable extension at Avenue House ex CCC I c1887 Northcutt map ("best ignored" Dirk Visser). Schematic Welgelegen, church (shape+ is icon), 1905/6 Opening of Mowbray Public School elsewhere, architects MacGillivray and Grant, thus development along Cecil Rd , Mowbray House and buildings scattered in front, dotted old existing church/school used for ... I upper road, Broad George William Falmouth Penzance area developed, four dams on slope c1907 Braine & Drake map [1902-09] shows Welgelegen, Mill, threshing floor, Miller's house etc, 1 behind. unit Princess Christian [built 1907], Mowbray Public School (not church shape), Varietas 1889 Welgelegen to SJ Wilks some roads, Avenue House and outbuildings, Cadboll and outbuildings, sheds on Reid I 1889 Gysbert Mostert jr manager ex Cairns :22 building yard, carriage drive with parallel planting. [It shows route to Rhodes Mem which was under construction from April 1906] Rhodes Estate and Reid 4.9.1907 Council approves design Princess Christian, central unit, adjacent ones omitted, builder I Gourlan, witness FK Kendall ex JLMA 1.1890 Welgelegen to CJ Rhodes £5,000 1908 Princess Christian fencing from Rhodes Trustees, teak gates from Miss Curry of Welgelegen I unknown Mosterts resident at Miller's house till 1953 ex Riley ex Le M 9.1890 Mowbray Municipality formed ex Hallack ex Pama 7.1908 Rhodes Memorial completed in 28 months, builder JR McKillop 2.1891 CJ Rhodes lease of Groote Schuur (The Grange) ex Simons 1911 De Waal Drive built ex Scenic Drives report I 8.9.1893 CJ Rhodes purchases Groote Schuur (£10,000) ex Simons 1911 Welgelegen to Union Government with proviso Currey life tenancy 16.4.1894 CJ Rhodes purchase Mount Pleasant + 5 Groote Schuur lots (£8,000) ex Harris 1912 Unveiling of Rhodes Memorial · 28.5.1894 Transfer of some lots [Church to beyond Varietas Flats] incl Avenue House and Cadboll from 9.9.1913 Amalgamation of Mowbray Municipality with Cape Town I PGH Willmot (who combined parts of lots together) to AB Reid & Co (ie AB Reid and J Cran) 15.3.1915 Council approves Princess Christian units each side of centre block ex JLMA (Le M says 27.10.1894AB Reid and J Cran have a voluntary partition 1914) 27.10.1894AB Reid acquires all of Avenue House land [AB Reid & Co's lots were divided between Reid 1915- AB Reid in Who's Who, Town Councillor Ward 13, offices Strand St I and Cran. On the same day Cran sold all Avenue House lots· to newly constituted AB Reid & •.;. Co by T6126-9. Reid himself ended up with everything as far as Cadboll which was not sold Between the Wars I to McKay till 1896.] 1895 Avenue House built before Jan 1896 ex Cadboll transfer 1925 Le M claims there were 2 further wings Princess X but see 1934 1895 CJ Rhodes acquires Kirstenbosch, 130 ha (£9,000) ex McCracken 19e8:98 27.4.1926 Cadboll from McKay to AC Slatem (13 yrs+ widow 16 yrs etc I 20.1.1896 Cadboll site from AB Reid & Co to D McKay (30 yrs) ex T 1936 CCC series 1:1250 map shows University, carriage way (Groote Schuur Drive), Welgelegen 29.4.1896 Church transferred to Mowbray Public School, same building as Braine & Drake werf as today, Rhodes Ave, 3 units Princess Christian, Avenue Rd, mid-site road as if built, I 1897 Surveyor-General map. Varietas not subdivided. Welgelegen subdivided into lots below old Medical School behind St Peter's cemetery, Rosebank showgrounds and fields behind. upper road (not carried out entirely), werf building shapes schematic. Present are Church, 12.1934 FK Kendall design extends Princess Christian right, 4th unit (in a straight line) Avenue Road, closed road through site. Rhodes's carriage drive not in place, nor Matopa 1935 4th and 5th units Princess Christian under construction (in curved line) ex aerial photograph I 1936 Mill restored tA2. I I 18.2.1938 Avenue House from AB Reid to Mr and Mrs M van der Spuy (6 yrs) 14.7.1939 Cadboll from Slatem to widow (16 yrs) 1940 Mill proclaimed National Monument ex Pama

Post war period

15.11.1944Avenue House from van der Spuy to Chinese Association Trustees (55 years) 1945 Belsen built ex aerial photograph 1948 CCC series 1: 480 map shows Rhodes Drive, other features as before, Belsen hutments 1948 Avenue House hall completed (foundation stone 20.2.1950) ex CA computer 1950 Belsen first students ex Saunders c1950s Lime kiln at Hare's brickfield demolished ex Hallack 1953 Welgelegen: end of Mostert residence with death of Johanna Petronella Mostert, last of three spinsters ex Cairns c1953 Miller's house enlarged and altered as Government residence ex Riley 24.8.1955 Cadboll from widow Slatem to 2 children, RC Slatem and DI Nicholls ex T 24.3.1956 Half Cadboll from son RC Slatem to (grand)son RE Slatem ex T 1963-5 Rhodes Drive improved, bridges built, made 2 separate carriageways ex Hart 1998:41 c1960 Aerial views of Hare's brick pit (taken between 1948-1963) ex JLMA 1961 Princess Christian 2 new wings at back around grass quad, designed Kilgour Parker ex Le M c1963 Brickfields pit filled in 1968 Aerial photograph Trig survey 12.6.1974 Edwin Hart Annexe opened, architect Ross Stephens of Forsyth and Parker ex Le M 31.12.1976Remaining half Cadboll from daughter Slatem to brother's son RE Slatem ex T 1978 Sick bay, wards for 6 extend Princess Christian ex Le M 1979 end of Currey occupation Welgelegen with death of Wiifred Maude Currey, aged 102 (unmarried sisters were Mary Helen, Dorothy Christina, Mona Marjorie, Cecil Maude Agnes) 22.8.1980 Welgelegen house and 1Om surrounding land declared National Monument. Portion of erf 28001 Rondebosch. >1979 UCT acquires Welgelegen, intended as VIP guest house, used by Public Relations 24.6.1989 Church/school to Princess Christian for Edwin Hart ex TD. (£1 ex Le M) 1989 current map date? 1991 Princess Christian new lounge in front, architect Mike Ravenscroft 1993 Cadboll from RE Slatem to Dulcie van Breda 4.7.1997 Cadboll from D van Breda to UCT 17.2.1999 Avenue House from Chinese Association to UCT 2000 Proposed student housing development in Avenue Precinct

I I I I I '2A3 I -- - - - APPENDIX 2-B dirty streets near the docks, it was the South attend family worship as well as religious African version of the dreaded "workhouse·. services held at the Home. Welfare In Cape Town a century ago In 1902 Dr Jane Waterston, Cape Town's It was funded by voluntary contributions and By Jackie Loos first woman doctor, described the •extremely legacies. Applicants had to disclose their undesirable intermingling of black with white, financial status, and preference was give to sane with Insane, and of the healthy with the those without any means of support. There Princess Christian Home is a fairly early unhealthy" which prevailed there. were very few beds - sixteen ladies were initiative in housing old people. CDC Casual observers, without Dr Waterston's admitted during the first ten years, of whom six commissioned Jacqui Loos to study this aspect. depth of experience, described the quarters, died and one left. In addition, five convalescents Her findings are paraphrased in the text: this is which dated to 1818, as comfortable, and were nursed, of whom two died, two were her fuller study. believed that the occupants led a "cheerful, discharged, and one became a permanent happy existence• sitting in the sunny central resident. In 1900 there were a variety of charitable courtyard. However, appearances were The Board hoped to make the Ladies' institutions assisting those who were unable to deceptive, and in 1908 it was reported to be Christian Home •a centre of evangelical work care for themselves. However, some middle­ grossly overcrowded, with an average daily among the poor, either in the way of education class people regarded poor relief as occupancy rate of 420 inmates of both sexes. or of visiting and nursing the sick." A school for unproductive, and likely to encourage shir1dng. Because many of the cases were syphilitics, ragged boys was held in a stable prior to 1880, Although philanthropy was seen in Victorian it was not seen as a fit place for the female and female Christian workers were given times as the proper field of activity for ladies, genteel poor, and the ·undesirable accommodation. Miss Hilder, a prison and slum their prying questions were often secretly intermingling• recorded by Dr Waterston may visitor, lived at the Home from 1884 until her resented. The financial assistance they gave also have given impetus to the drive to provide death in 1921 . was seldom generous, and they generally drew separate accommodation for needy white Other old age homes followed slowly, a clear distinction between the "deserving• and women in the first decade of the twentieth among them the Dorcas Almshouse. Rogelim in ·undeserving• poor. century. Faure· Street was an old men's home, and The members of the Ladies' Benevolent Churches and other welfare organisations Highlands House in Vredehoek (the home of Society, the oldest charitable organisation in also helped in cases of need, sometimes with Ettie Stakesby Lewis, Olive Schreiner's elder South Africa, had been providing limited relief to little consideration for the battered self-esteem sister) catered for inebriates. the indigent inhabitants of Cape Town in their of the recipients, whose painful personal The Poor Sisters of Nazareth, who started homes since the 1820s. Their aim was to give circumstances were often cruelly exposed. work in South Africa in 1882, operated from regular monthly relief to the deserving poor of Although the Salvation Army catered mainly for Roeland Street prior to their removal to a all colours and creeds 1 chiefly the aged and unemployed white males, it did provide daily spacious new building in Vredehoek in 1905. suffering, and to give temporary help in special portions of soup to 800 coloured children in Their object was to provide a happy and cases of distress. In 1909 they paid out about 1904. comfortable home for the aged poor, incurables, £90 to 280 "pensioners• in small amounts of and orphaned children of both sexes. There from 6s to 1Os ~"but even these small sums are Homes for Indigent women were no religious requirements, and the much prized." inmates were free to attend their own places of Because they had instituted a system of The first home for genteel aged women in the worship. Although the Sisters depended entirely district visitors, they were sometimes aware of city seems to have been the Ladies' Christian on voluntary contributions, they seem to have cases of genteel poverty. The Annual Report for Home in Vrede Street, which provided security, accommodated far more residents than any of that year reports that "the bravery and courage comfort and care for a few elder1y ladies from the other institutions. with which some of the most suffering have February 1877. It was founded at the instigation The Eaton Convalescent Home was struggled to maintain themselves, without help, of Mrs Lion Cachet, wife of the DRC minister, established in 1895 in terms of a bequest by Mr have been an object lesson which it has been who had been "much impressed by numerous CR Eaton, for the benefit of the poor and good to learn." According to Dr Edna Bradlow, instances of great need and privation existing suffering of Cape Town and vicinity, without aid was reduced or terminated the moment the among ladies of advanced years, who had from reference to sex, colour, nationality or religion. It there was even the slightest improvement in the various causes fallen upon bad times, and were provided a change of air and rest to family budget, in order not to create a culture of reduced to conditions and surroundings convalescents of the poorer classes, and also pauperisation. altogether the reverse of ear1ier days." to those residing in boarding houses. Patients Some of the chronically sick and a few of It had a definite Protestant character, and its contributed according to their means, but the the frail-aged were admitted to the forbidding large Board of Management included a number poor were admitted free. Old Somerset Hospital, which had taken over of local clergymen and lay church workers. the functions of the defunct "Paupers' Lodge• at Applicants were required to satisfy the Board as Poor economic conditions the top of the Gardens in the mid-nineteenth to their Christian character and evangelical and century. Situated in Chiappini Street, and Protestant views. Residents were expected to In the years immediately before and after the bounded by a disused cemetery and mean, ..----· South African War there was considerable 1.~I ,.k l.i ra1.1 ·~ unemployment in Cape Town. As far as the city under the rocks on the ~J.9pes of the mountain sticks of furniture. The previous year, when with almost every charity organisation in the fathers were concerned, the poor fell into above Collegtt - the portion known "Nina• had made enquiries on behalf of a city, and was a member of the Cape Hospital several distinct categories. There were to the police as the 'Dry Docks', and which is deserving old lady, she was told that there were Board from its inception until his death. During unemployed white working men, often of British patronised by vagrants and outcasts of every 60 names on the waiting list. the South African War he wort

I • I ...... J. -- -. l _/ been made happier than would otherwise h11ve The Home has received an annual grant As the financial crisis deepened, the Home Primary sources been possible. from the Department of Welfare since the found that its frail care facilities were highly Referring to Committee's initial financial 1970s, and the single rooms clustered round sought after by families who were able to meet Cape Argus difficulties, he said that he had induced the the original building have accommodated an "the very reasonable cost structure that had Cape Argus Weekly Provincial Council to vote £600 for the new increasing number of frail residents since that been implemented" - although this shift in Capa Times wings, which had cost a total of £900. Thus the time. emphasis resulted in the need to employ a Cape Times Weekly state had contributed £2 for £1 , instead of £1 for greater number of enrolled nurses and home Princess Christian Home: Annual reports, 1954- £1, "by way of making up for the unfortunate The Royal connection carers. 2000 past" The state subsidy for the current year is less South African Review As to the question of maintenance, "he For a period of seventy years most royal ladies than half of the amount received in 1994/5. knew that it was difficult to make both end meet. who came to South Africa visited the Princess Despite these challenges, the Home continues Fonnerty the Home had received a grant of Christian Home and brightened the lives of to offer a high standard of care in a wann and Secondary sources £100, but his wife had pointed out that it was residents and care-givers alike. The list includes friendly atmosphere. not possible to provide for five ladies on this Princess Arthur of Connaught, Princess Bennett, D, Queen Victoria 's daughters sum, and the amount had been increased to Beatrice, Princess Marie Louise, and Princess (London, Gollancz, 1980) £150. If times were nonnal, he would at once Alice, a regular and much-loved guest, whose © Jackie Loos increase the sum .. .". final visit coincided with her 91st birthday. 6 October 2000 Bickford-Smith, V, Ethnic pride and racial Tea was served at the conclusion of the prejudice in Victorian Cape Town , meeting, and a selection of music was rendered Admission policles (Johannesburg, Witwatersrand University by Boonzaaier's Band. The two new wings were Press, 1995) placed on each side of the central building, and The Princess Christian Home was intended for each cottage could accommodate two ladies. the accommodation of applicants residing at the Bradlow, E, "The oldest charitable institution in In 1924 a dining room was built, and the time of application within the magisterial areas South Africa": one hundred years and more of Home was extended to accommodate 11 of Cape Town, Wynberg, Simon's Town and the Ladies' Benevolent Society at the Cape of residents. Bellville, and was open to ladies of all religious Good Hope, in: South African Journal of [Further cottages were added in 1935, persuasions. It aimed to provide "privacy History, 25 (1991 ) introducing a curve in the line.] In 1939 Edith without loneliness and company without Struben bequeathed funds for a new wing on crowding". Cape Town guide, 4th ed. (Cape Town, Dennis the north side, and ten years later a basement At first, it depended to a large extent on Edwards, 1904) storeroom was converted into a flat for the funds obtained from bequests, donations and Matron. When Princess Christian's daughter, contributions from residents, and fund raising Dictionary of South African biography, I (Cape Princess Marie Louise, V!Sited the Home on 5 efforts, and all its buildings were erected without Town, HSRC, 1968) April 1955 there were 20 residents. incurring debt. Unlike most similar homes, it had A fund-raising initiative was launched for the a special independent character "dear to the Le Mesurier, P, The story of the Princess Home's fiftieth anniversary. This led to the heart of its Board of Management." Christian Home (Mowbray, Private publication, construction of three new units containing a For many years the Home declined to admit 1997) total of ten extra bedrooms. Twentyanine elderly definitely sick people, and many of the elderly women were in residence in 1961 . residents were in relatively good health. Van Heyningen, E.B. Poverty, self-help and New servant's quarters were built in 1977, However, as life expectancy increased, it began community: the survival of the poor in Cape and an attractive new sick bay was opened in to take on the character of frail care facility. Town, 1880-1910, in: South African Journal of 1978. Further extensions were completed in Rising staff costs were offset by its Social History, 24 (1991) 1991 . Welfare subsidy, which amounted to more than In 1959 the old DRC school premises on the R 300 000 in the 1994/5 financial year. comer of Rhodes Avenue and Avenue Road When the new government came to power Manuscript Sources and Theses: National was transferred to the Home. It was used in 1994, it decided that only elderly persons Library of South Africa initially by the Jewish Board of Deputies as a definitely in need of care should in future be students' cultural centre, but later a separate institutionalised. The state was unwilling to MSB _495, Sufferers' Aid Society Collection: Annexe was built on this lower property. The continue to subsidise the full residence costs of Minute Book, 1901-03 Edwin Hart Annexe, comprising double and social pensioners, who had previously made up single rooms for 33 active residents, was the majority of the residents, and instructed the Van Heyningen, E.B. Public health and society opened on 12 June 1974, and married couples Home to take in a greater proportion of in Cape Town, 1880-1910 (Unpublished were admitted for the first time. Although the financially independent residents in order to Ph.D. Thesis, UCT, Department of History, two premises were next door to each other, the offset the declining subsidy. 1989) residents of the Annexe seem not to have been subsidized by the state. I 1.~4 I I