Bayani & Dandekar: Tadoba Andhari Tiger Reserve 113

A revised avian checklist of Tadoba Andhari Tiger Reserve (TATR), Chandrapur, Maharashtra,

Abhijeet Bayani & Nikhil Dandekar

Bayani, A., & Dandekar, N., 2017. A revised checklist of avifauna of Tadoba-Andhari Tiger Reserve (TATR), Chandrapur, Maharashtra, India. Indian 13 (5): 113–124. Abhijeet Bayani, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India. E-mail: [email protected] [Corresponding author] Nikhil Dandekar, InSearch Outdoors, Ketan Heights, Rahulnagar Lane, Kothrud, Pune 411038, Maharashtra, India. E-mail: [email protected] Manuscript received on 12 February 2017.

Abstract Tadoba Andhari Tiger Reserve (henceforth, TATR) is one of the 50 Project Tiger areas of India. However, a meticulous and scientific documentation of its fauna, in recent years, is lacking. We documented avian diversity of TATR between 2010 and 2015. A total of 255 were recorded during the study, five of which are endemic to India. We noted 17 species that are listed under the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 66 species that recorded during 2003 to 2015 by various other visitors/observers, but were not seen by us are listed in Appendix 2. We recorded 20 species not previously reported from TATR. This report provides a revised checklist of the birds of TATR along with their patterns of occurrence and relative abundance.

Introduction Although it seems that the avian diversity of TATR has been Birds are one of the most diverse and predominant forms of well documented, most publications are of sight records, or life on Earth, occupying almost all kinds of habitats and biomes. comprise short-term studies specific to a particular season, or TATR is an important tiger reserve of central India. It is a Protected a specific area of TATR. Also, besides Mahabal et al. (2006) Areaunder The Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, whereby no other studies provide estimates of relative abundance. In legal protection has been provided for the conservation of the essence, a long term, systematic study of the avifauna of TATR is habitat and its and diversity (Quereshi et al. 2014; lacking. We studied avian diversity in TATR for five years and here Bayani et al. 2016). It is also a tourist hotspot. Earlier studies of we provide a revised checklist of the birds of TATR along with their the avifauna of this region exist: A preliminary checklist prepared occurrence and seasonal (relative) abundance, including some by Forest Department, Chandrapur, in 2003 (available at the new records for the area. education centre of TATR), lists 238 species; Mahabal (2006) reports 192 species; while various others, made during casual, Study area short-duration visits to the area include Kurhade (2002), Andheria TATR (19.98º–20.48ºN, 79.18º–79.66ºE) lies in Chandrapur (2003), and Dhamankar (2004). Many individual sightings of District of Vidarbha region in eastern Maharashtra (India), and birds have also been reported from TATR (Dhamankar 2003; ; has vegetation that falls under to the classification: 5A-CI-1B Kasambe et al. 2005; Dhamakar 2006; Sirdesai et al. 2013). Southern tropical dry deciduous forest (Dubey 1999; Bayani 2016). The total area of TATR is 1727.59 sq km out of which 625.82 sq km is designated as the critical tiger habitat (core area), and 1101.77sq km as the buffer area (Fig. 1). The TATR forest is dominated by grandis, melanoxylon, and elliptica, and patchily fragmented with thorny bushes and like leucophloea and A. nilotica. Its topography also supports diverse habitats, including open canopy grasslands, stony grasslands along the small hillocks, semi-deciduous riparian forest, perennial- and seasonal streams, wetlands, and agricultural lands. TATR harbours a wide range of faunal diversity including charismatic species like tiger Panthera tigris, leopard P. pardus, Indian wild dog Cuon alpinus, sloth bear Melursus ursinus; ungulates like sambar Rusa unicolor, spotted deer Axis axis, barking deer Muntiacus muntjak, nilgai Boselaphus tragocamelus, four-horned Antelope Tetracerus quadricornis; and lesser-known mammals like the Indian fox Vulpes benghalensis, rusty spotted cat Prionailurus rubiginosus, honey badger Mellivora capensis, small Indian civet Viverricula Fig. 1. Tadoba Andhari Tiger Reserve. Study area with details of sampling areas and important indica, etc., (Dubey 1999; Mahabal 2006; and authors’ personal sightings. observations). 114 Indian BIRDS Vol. 13 No. 5 (Publ. 16 October 2017)

Methodology Table 2. Details of point counts for wetlands Areas were sampled in both, the buffer, and the core zone, though Sr. No. Season Total no. of point Total number of hours areas along the northern, western, and southern boundaries counts of observation were our major study sites. The study was conducted from 1 Winter 2010–2011 144 144 September 2010 to May 2015 during three main seasons, i.e., summer (March–June), monsoon (July–October), and winter 2 Summer 2011 100 50 (November–February), in all the habitats. Transect sampling 3 Monsoon 2011 120 40 (Forbes 1907; Robinette et al. 1974) was followed to census and 4 Winter 2011–2012 140 140 record the species in all areas except wetlands, where we followed a point-count method. In all we walked 344 transects 5 Summer 2012 90 40 (712 km total transect length; (Table 1). Transects were covered 6 Monsoon 2012 90 54 between fixed times of the day: 0700 and 0900 hrs, and between 7 Winter 2012–2013 144 144 1600 and 1800 hrs, in all the seasons. We covered 12 wetlands 8 Summer 2013 110 45 during all the seasons, visiting each one of them once a week between 0700 and 0900 hrs (Table 2). The number of species, 9 Monsoon 2013 60 32 and the number of individuals per species, were counted for 10 Winter 2013–2014 120 120 each transect, and every point count. Identification of most of the 11 Summer 2014 54 27 bird species was based on Grimmett et al. (2011), and Naoroji (2007). We compiled seasonal lists of all transects separately, 12 Monsoon 2014 72 30 and the data from one particular season, across consecutive 13 Winter 2014–2015 122 122 years, was pooled together for further analysis. Species were 14 Summer 2015 80 52 categorised according to occurrence, abundance, and their IUCN Red List status. Their classification into residents henceforth,( RE), or migrants (henceforth, M) is based on their occurrence in the study area. If a species was observed in all the seasons, records were pooled into ‘occurrence category’, which essentially it was assumed to be a RE in the area, whereas if one was comprise stray records. observed during a specific season, then it is assumed to be M to For every transect walked, and during every point count, we the study area. Migrants include summer migrants (henceforth, counted the number of individuals of all species, and calculated the SM) migrating from eastern Africa, and southern India; winter mean encounter frequency in terms of the number of individuals migrants (henceforth, WM) comprising birds migrating in a per hour of observation, and the standard deviation (henceforth, north to south direction, crossing the trans-Himalayan axis; and SD) for each species in each season (Appendix 1; Shahabuddin passage migrants (henceforth, PM) comprising species observed et al. 2017). It should be noted that mean encounter frequency only during autumn and spring (and therefore staying for a very was specific for a season (i.e., summer, monsoon, or winter), short period). Some species that did not occur consistently in and not all seasons pooled together. For instance, if a species all the seasons but otherwise known to be resident in India was observed during five winters between 2010 and 2015, the are given status of Resident Migrants (henceforth, RM). It is mean is calculated using observations from all five winters. We important to note here that, resident/migratory status of bird used this mean encounter frequency without accounting for species is specific to the study area only. Vagrant (henceforth, V) the SD to represent the relative abundance and categorised it on the ACFOR scale (Crisp & Southward 1958; Hiscock 1996). We assigned a range for each of the ACFOR categories, namely, Table 1. Details of transect surveys Abundant ‘A’ (> 5 individuals per hour), Common ‘C’ (1–5 individuals per hour), Frequent ‘F’ (0.5–1 individuals per hour), Sr. No. Season Total no. of Total length of Total no. of hours Occasional ‘O’ (0.1–0.5 individuals per hour), and Rare ‘R’ (<0.1 transects transects (km) of observation individuals per hour). The encounter frequencies for transects, 1 Winter 2010–2011 32 64 81 and those of point counts, were calculated separately. In this case, 2 Summer 2011 25 54 63.5 all the ducks, geese, sandpipers, curlew, stints, stilt, storks, egrets (except cattle egret), herons, cranes, cormorants, Darter Anhinga 3 Monsoon 2011 38 76 95 melanogaster, Eurasian Marsh Harrier Circus aeruginosus, and 4 Winter 2011–2012 35 75 88.5 Osprey Pandion haliaetus were observed exclusively on wetlands. 5 Summer 2012 21 42 52.5 And hence the encounter frequency for them is calculated using 6 Monsoon 2012 31 62 77.5 point count hours. We also had numerous ‘single’ records, which essentially represented opportunistic sightings of birds that were 7 Winter 2012–2013 27 54 68.5 either one-off or were stray birds in the study area. We added 8 Summer 2013 19 50 47.5 such records into the ‘rare’ category of the ACFOR scale. We did 9 Monsoon 2013 32 64 80 not calculate encounter frequency for nightjars Caprimulgus sp., since they were observed almost exclusively at night, when we 10 Winter 2013–2014 39 80 97.5 did not carry out any transect or point counts. 11 Summer 2014 15 31 37.5 We also referred to the earlier works on the birds of TATR, 12 Monsoon 2014 10 20 26 and the lists uploaded on eBird (www.eBird.org; up to December 13 Winter 2014–2015 13 26 33.5 2016) to capture the overall bird species diversity in our study area. This list, along with the cited literature, showed us the 14 Summer 2015 7 14 19.5 species that we did not record during our study. Bayani & Dandekar: Tadoba Andhari Tiger Reserve 115

Results cattle carcass. Two more individuals were observed near We documented 255 species, representing 18 orders and 68 Chandankheda village (which is outside the TATR boundary) families (Appendix 1). Of these, 168 species (65.88%) were in the same year. RE, 5 (1.96%) RM, 69 (27.06%) WM, 01 SM, 02 PM, and 10 3. Greater Spotted Eagle Clanga clanga: Vulnerable. We (3.92%) V (Fig. 2). This implies that TATR is home to nearly half of observed two individuals (one adult and one juvenile) of the species recorded from Maharashtra state (556) by Mahabal this medium-sized eagle in the winter of 2013, and one et al. (2011). We also recorded six species that are endemic to juvenile in 2014. However, during this period it was seen India (Jathar & Rahmani 2007; Tietze & Martens 2010; Praveen quite frequently near inland waterbodies on the western et al. 2016), and 17 species listed under The IUCN Red List boundary, in the buffer zone, near villages like Wadhala, of Threatened Species (02 Endangered, 04 Vulnerable, and 11 Viloda, Ashti, and Sonegaon. Near Threatened). We discuss below, the status and behaviour of 4. Lesser Adjutant Leptoptilos javanicus: Vulnerable [162]. some important bird species. Individuals of this big stork were seen in forest areas with small pools and puddles, fringed with tall grass like Typha sp. in areas like Khatoda, Pandharpauni, Jamni, and Katezari. 65.88235294 We observed two adults near Katezari in all the seasons of 70 2012,70 2013, and 2014, and two adult individuals near Jamni in 2013 and 2015. We also observed two sub-adults near 60 Khatoda60 in 2013. 50 50

40 40 27.05882353 30 30 % no. species 20 20 3.921568627 1.960784314 10 10 0.392156863 0.784313725 0 0 RE RM SM WM PM V RE RM SM WM PM V Fig. 2. Distribution (%) of species as residents (RE), resident migrants (RM), winter migrants (WM), summer migrants (SM), passage migrants (PM), and vagrants (V).

Threatened species: 1. Steppe Eagle Aquila nipalensis: Endangered [161].1 This eagle was observed at various places, throughout the winter, 162. Lessar Adjutant. in all five years of study, however in low abundance (one to three individuals every year). 5. Woolly-necked Stork Ciconia episcopus: Vulnerable. Seen migrating in winter to TATR regularly during five years of the study. 6. Common Pochard Aythya ferina: Vulnerable. This diving duck was spotted frequently during the winters of 2010– 2015 on the wetlands in the northern and western boundary buffer zones (near Sonegaon and Irai villages), though in congregations of 5–17 individuals. 7. Grey-headed Fish Eagle Ichthyophaga ichthaaetus: Near Threatened. We consistently observed four individuals (all adults) in every season. They always associated with the fresh water lakes of Tadoba (in Tadoba range), and Telia (in Moharli range). Since we also observed the Grey-headed Fish Eagle consistently during our study, TATR could be an important refuge of this species. 8. Red-necked Falcon Falco chicquera: Near Threatened. Pics: Nikhil Dandekar 161. Steppe Eagle. Uncommon, owing to its dubious distribution range in central India (Kazmierczak 2000; Grimmett et al. 2011). We observed it only once during five years, near Arjuni tukum in 2. Egyptian Vulture Neophron percnopterus: Endangered. November 2010. We spotted one juvenile Egyptian Vulture only once near 9. Pallid Harrier Circus macrourus: Near Threatened. This is the Bembala village in January 2015. It was feeding on a first report of this species from the area. It was observed in winters of 2011–2015, in the meadows of Navegaon on 1 The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species is available at: http://www.iucnredlist. the north boundary of TATR, and in abandoned rice fields org/ and small grassy patches on the western boundary, near the 116 Indian BIRDS Vol. 13 No. 5 (Publ. 16 October 2017)

villages of Ghosari, Villoda, Ashta, and Mudholi. We observed adult male, female, and juveniles as well. 10. Ferruginous Duck Aythya nyroca: Near Threatened. This is a very distinctive duck that can be identified based on its overall dark brown plumage and white iris. It is not a regular winter visitor to the study area. We observed 13 males in December 2011 in the backwaters of Irai Dam and 11 (5 males, 6 females) on the Villoda village lake in January 2013. Similarly, in January 2015 we observed 2 males in the backwaters of the Chargaon Dam. 11. Black-tailed Godwit Limosa limosa: Near Threatened. This was one of the few waders observed at all the waterholes we studied. We observed three to nine individuals every winter between 2011 and 2015. 12. Painted Stork Mycteria leucocephala: Near Threatened. We observed four to ten birds at Tadoba- and Telia Lakes throughout the study. We also recorded four individuals in the backwaters of the Irai Dam in September 2012, and 2013. A flock of six was observed in Ashta village, in the buffer area, during February 2014. 13. Black-headed Ibis Threskiornis melanocephalus: Near Threatened. This species was also regularly seen along all waterholes in the study area, along transects, and small village pools.

14. Oriental Darter Anhinga melanogastor: Near Threatened. Bayani Abhijeet Observed regularly only at the Tadoba- and Telia Lakes. We observed two to five individuals in every point count throughout the study period. 15. River Tern Sterna aurantia: Near Threatened. Noted in the 163. Besra. the western boundary buffer, near the Villoda village lake. We observed 6–13 individuals in 2013, 2014, and 2015. 16. Eurasian Curlew Numenius arquata: Near Threatened. A relatively uncommon wader in the area, this curlew was observed in north boundary buffer wetlands near the villages of Bembala, Nimdhela, Sonegaon, and Chargaon, and the Backwaters of the Chargaon Dam. We observed two to three birds in the winters of 2011, 2012, 2014, and 2015. 17. Alexandrine Parakeet Psittacula eupatria: Near Threatened. Fewer numbers when compared with that of other Psittacula sp. Restricts itself to well-wooded parts of the forest. Interestingly, the Alexandrine Parakeet was never observed raiding crops, unlike its conspecifics, found in our study area. Other interesting observations:

1. Harriers: Five species of harriers are present in TATR. We Dandekar Nikhil observed both, adult males, and females of Montagu’s Harrier Circus pygargus regularly during the winters of 2010–2015 in the meadows of Navegaon, Jamni, and Tamshi ‘rith’ (compartment). Pied Harrier C. melanoleucos, 164. Indian Spotted Creeper. and Western Marsh Harrier C. aeruginosus were reported from TATR earlier. However, we observed one adult male Pied Harrier once in the winter of 2014 in an abandoned 3. Indian Spotted Creeper spilonota: [164] This is farm near Wadhala village. The Western Marsh Harrier (adult also an uncommon species in TATR and restricted to India male, female and juveniles) was sighted regularly around (Tietze & Martens 2010). We sighted two individuals in many inland waterbodies across the five years of the study. scrub forests in the western boundary buffer in the summer We report Hen Harrier C. cyaneus for the first time from of 2014 and 2015. This is a new record for TATR. TATR. One adult male was sighted once near Ghosari village, 4. Buntings: Both, the Red-headed Bunting Granativora situated in the western boundary buffer area. bruniceps, and the Black-headed Bunting G. melanocephala 2. Besra Accipiter virgatus: [163] This forest-dwelling were seen in huge flocks in the farmlands of various villages sparrowhawk is quite uncommon in the study area. We at the western boundary of TATR. These two species are observed it (an adult and a juvenile) only in thick forest noteworthy, since they are one of the main avian crop patches dominated by tall Terminalia elliptica at Khutwanda, predators in the area, potentially causing substantial damage and Agarzari. to wheat Triticum sp. by foraging on mature grains at the Bayani & Dandekar: Tadoba Andhari Tiger Reserve 117

time of harvest (Abhijeet Bayani in prep.). list. For instance, in India, the confusion had been between C. 5. Demoiselle Crane Grus virgo: This species was also not macrurus macrurus and C. m. atripennis due to similarity in reported previously from TATR, however, we observed three plumage and much debated sympatry (Oberholser 1915, Davis individuals on inland waterbodies on the northern (near 1979, Ripley & Beehler 1987, Sangster & Rosendaal 2004). Since Bembala), and western boundary (near Irai) buffer zones previous workers who gave C. macrurus present in TATR did not during the winters of 2013 and 2014. provide any subspecies level identification it becomes difficult In this study we could not ascertain the presence of 66 to know which species did it refer to. Because of this reason we species recorded during 2003–2016 in TATR by various earlier provided the identification of the species up to their subspecies researchers and visitors (all the published checklists, sight level wherever possible. records, eBird lists, Oriental Bird Images, and records pooled TATR, is an important area with a variety of habitats from where together). These are not included in the final list (Appendix 1), we recorded most of the species new to TATR. As our sampling but provided separately (Appendix 2). However, we recorded 20 efforts were widespread during our five year study, in both, core, bird species not reported earlier from TATR. A few species such and buffer, areas, we could comment on the occurrence and as Jerdon’s Nightjar Caprimulgus atripennis, Tawny Pipit Anthus abundance of various bird species, including our new records, campestris, Black-breasted Weaver Ploceus benghalensis, Black- in different seasons. Our study substantiates the fact that TATR headed Bunting, Red-headed Bunting, Bonelli’s Eagle Aquila supports a good diversity of avian species. fasciata, Pallid Harrier, and Booted Eagle Heiraaetus pennatus (both pale and dark morph), which were seen regularly during Acknowledgements our study, were not recorded in any of the earlier lists. Finally, we provide a complete checklist of bird species sighted during the We acknowledge State Forest Department of Maharashtra and all the TATR forest authorities for the permits to work in buffer zone and providing us with a map of the study period along with their occurrence and seasonal relative study area. We also acknowledge Milind Watve for guiding us, and Vedant Thite for abundance status (Appendix 1). assisting us in field work.

Discussion References During our five year study we recorded 255 species of birds, of Amarna C., 2016. Website URL: http://ebird.org/ebird/view/checklist/S32601962. which 20 were recorded for the first time from this area. Our [Accessed on 30 January 2017.] checklist (Appendix 1) not only confirms the occurrence of several Andheria, A., 2003. Birds of the Sahyadris [sic. = Satpuras] (Contd.). Newsletter for globally threatened species, but also provides their present status Birdwatchers 43 (2): 16–18. in TATR. This indicates that TATR could be an important refuge for Anonymous. 2003. Checklist of birds of Tadoba-Andhari Tiger Reserve. Department of Forest, Maharashtra, Chandrapur division. many threatened bird species. Further, by studying the available Babre, A., 2016. Website URL: http://ebird.org/ebird/view/checklist/S29112809. literature, we found that 66 species were not observed during [Accessed on 30 January 2017.] our study. Interestingly, species like Chestnut-bellied Bagda, G., 2015. Website URL: http://ebird.org/ebird/view/checklist/S25941625. exustus, Painted Spurfowl lunulata, [Accessed on 30 January 2017.] Rufous Woodpecker Micropternus brachyurus, White-naped Bapat, G., 2015a. Website URL: http://ebird.org/ebird/view/checklist/S22980181. Woodpecker Chrysocolaptes festivus, and Verditer Flycatcher [Accessed on 30 January 2017.] Eumyia thalassinus, which are considered to be widespread, Bapat, G., 2015b. Website URL: http://ebird.org/ebird/view/checklist/S22978381. [Accessed on 30 January 2017.] could not be recorded despite the long duration of the study. Bayani, A., 2016. Crop depredation by wild herbivores at the western boundary of It is important to note that we could not substantiate the Tadoba-Andhari Tiger Reserve (TATR). Chandrapur, Maharashtra, PhD Thesis. occurrence or absence of several bird species. Species like Bell, C., 2012. Website URL: http://ebird.org/ebird/view/checklist/S10663959. [Accessed Sarus Crane Antigone antigone and White-rumped Vulture Gyps on 30 January 2017.] benghalensis that were found frequently in TATR before 2006 Bhamidipati, S., 2016. Website URL: http://ebird.org/ebird/view/checklist/S33092904. (Dhamankar 2003; Kasambe et al. 2005; Mahabal 2006) are [Accessed on 30 January 2017.] Chakravarty, R., 2015a. Website URL: http://ebird.org/ebird/view/checklist/S26348569. completely absent now. It is a well-known fact that these species [Accessed on 30 January 2017.] have been facing a continuous decline in their populations all Chakravarty, R., 2015b. Website URL: http://ebird.org/ebird/view/checklist/S26348580. over their respective distribution ranges (Prakash et al. 2008; Jha [Accessed on 30 January 2017.] & McKinly 2014). Absence of information on abundance and/ Chakravarty, R., 2015c. Website URL: http://ebird.org/ebird/view/checklist/S26348608. or occurrence of several species, reported earlier, could have [Accessed on 30 January 2017.] contributed to the fact that we did not observe them, e.g., species Chaudhari, S., 2016. Website URL: http://ebird.org/ebird/view/checklist/S29852764. like Malabar Pied Hornbill Anthracoceros coronatus, Green [Accessed on 30 January 2017.] Chavda, A., 2016a. Website URL: http://ebird.org/ebird/view/checklist/S31074712. Munia Amandava formosa, and Great Crested Grebe Podiceps [Accessed on 30 January 2017.] cristatus lack information on numbers, and absolute, or relative Chavda, A., 2016b. Website URL: http://ebird.org/ebird/view/checklist/S31074857. abundance. If they were vagrant to the study area then it is likely [Accessed on 30 January 2017.] that they may not be seen by others in the subsequent seasons/ Chethan, G. S., 2015. Website URL: http://ebird.org/ebird/view/checklist/S23557859. years, however, they may occur sporadically again in the same [Accessed on 30 January 2017.] area. Nevertheless, if the species were previously abundant in Chodankar, R., 2015. Website URL: http://ebird.org/ebird/view/checklist/S25216830. the area and not observed by other workers then it is of concern. [Accessed on 30 January 2017.] Craig, M., 2015a. Website URL: http://ebird.org/ebird/view/checklist/S22568560. Currently no such annotations can be provided for the species [Accessed on 30 January 2017.] that are not reported by us. Craig, M., 2015b. Website URL: http://ebird.org/ebird/view/checklist/S22568569. Inadequate (or incomplete) reporting/identification of taxon, [Accessed on 30 January 2017.] especially to subspecies level, by earlier observers is perhaps Davis, L. I., 1979. Review of recent literature and tape discussions of nightjars. Pan another contributing factor for certain missing species in our American Studies 2: 20–35. 118 Indian BIRDS Vol. 13 No. 5 (Publ. 16 October 2017)

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Appendix 1. Revised checklist of birds of TATR. The additional new records are marked with dagger [†]. (Status: RE = Resident, WM = Winter Migrant, SM = Summer Migrant, PM = Passage Migrant, RM = Resident Migrant, V = Vagrant; R = Rare, O = Occasional, F = Frequent, C = Common, A = Abundant; E=Endemic to India). IUCN Status: EN=Endangered; NT=Near Threatened; VU=Vulnerable. Numbers in parentheses represent mean encounter frequency per hour and the standard deviation. Abundance No Species Status Winter Summer Monsoon 1 Lesser Whistling duck Dendrocygna javanica RE C (4.35±1.06) A (8.34±5.32) A (7.42±4.52) 2 Bar-headed Goose Anser indicus WM R - - 3 Ruddy Shelduck Tadorna ferruginea WM O (0.20±0.06) - - 4 Red-crested Pochard Netta rufina WM O (0.24±0.14) - - 5 Common Pochard Aythya ferina WM/VU O (0.12±0.08) - - 6 Garganey Spatula querquedula WM F (0.59±0.34) - - 7 Gadwall Mareca strepera WM O (0.29±0.21) - - Bayani & Dandekar: Tadoba Andhari Tiger Reserve 119

Abundance No Species Status Winter Summer Monsoon 8 Northern Shoveler Spatula clypeata WM O (0.40±0.09) - - 9 Eurasian Wigeon Mareca penelope WM O (0.32±0.14) - - 10 Indian Spot-billed Duck Anas poecilorhyncha RE O (0.40±0.08) F (0.56±0.41) O (0.47±0.32) 11 Northern Pintail Anas acuta WM F (0.57±0.17) - - 12 Common Teal Anas crecca WM O (0.32±0.16) - - 13 Cotton Teal Nettapus coromandelianus RE O (0.38±0.03) F(0.64+0.19) F (0.96±1.15) 14 Comb Duck Sarkidiornis melanotos WM R - - 15 Ferruginous Duck Aythya nyroca WM/NT R - - 16 Tufted Duck Aythya fuligula WM O (0.26±0.09) - - 17 Rain Quail Coturnix coromandelica RE O (0.29±0.29) R C (1.30±0.60) 18 Jungle Bush Quail Perdicula asiatica RE C (1.79±0.54) C (1.84±0.96) C (2.50±0.38) 19 Rock Bush Quail Perdicula argoondah RE/E F (0.53±0.84) F (0.80±0.94) C (1.60±0.33) 20 Painted Francolin Francolinus pictus RE F (0.79±0.29) O (0.32±0.33) F (0.90±0.38) 21 Grey Francolin Francolinus pondicerianus RE C (2.08±0.75) C (1.28±0.33) C (2.00±0.33) 22 Grey Junglefowl Gallus sonneratii RE/E C (1.02±0.64) F (0.64±0.61) C (1.70±0.50) 23 Galloperdix spadicea RE/E F (0.54±0.47) F (0.64±0.46) F (0.50±0.20) 24 Indian Peafowl Pavo cristatus RE C (2.92±1.48) C (2.64±0.83) A (6.10±0.50) 25 Little Grebe Tachybaptus ruficollis RE O (0.32±0.15) F (0.84±0.21) C (1.29±1.81) 26 Rock Pigeon Columba livia RE F (0.82±0.49) C (1.12±0.33) C (1.10±0.38) 27 Oriental Turtle Dove Streptopelia orientalis RE O (0.32±0.33) O (0.16±0.22) O (0.10±0.20) 28 Eurasian Collared Dove Streptopelia decaocto RE C (3.36±1.61) C (3.28±1.31) C (3.00±1.24) 29 Spotted Dove Streptopelia chinensis RE A (8.28±4.14) A (8.64±1.37) A (8.70±1.19) 30 Laughing Dove Streptopelia senegalensis RE C (2.87±1.25) C (3.60±1.36) C (3.60±0.86) 31 Yellow-legged Green Pigeon Treron phoenicopterus WM C (3.75±2.31) - - 32 Painted Sandgrouse Pterocles indicus RE C (1.25±0.81) C (1.44±1.15) C (1.66±1.01) 33 Grey Nightjar Caprimulgus indicus RE - - 34 Jerdon’s Nightjar Caprimulgus atripennis† RE - - 35 Indian Nightjar Caprimulgus asiaticus RE - - 36 Savanna Nightjar Caprimulgus affinis RE - - 37 Crested Treeswift Hemiprocne coronata RE O (0.42±0.69) C (1.44±1.04) C (1.40±1.01) 38 Indian House Swift Apus affinis RE C (4.30±3.74) C (2.72±1.86) C (4.30±2.27) 39 Greater Coucal Centropus sinensis parroti RE C (1.82±1.20) C (1.76±0.61) C (2.50±0.68) 40 Sirkeer Malkoha Taccocua leschenaultii RE F (0.59±0.64) O (0.48±0.66) O (0.30±0.38) 41 Pied Cuckoo Clamator jacobinus SM - O (0.24±0.36) O (0.30±0.38) 42 Asian Koel Eudynamys scolopaceus RE F (0.81±0.57) C (1.84±0.54) C (1.50±1.05) 43 Grey-bellied Cuckoo Cacomantis passerinus RM - F (0.88±0.44) O (0.30±0.38) 44 Common Hawk Cuckoo Hierococcyx varius RM - C (2.40±0.89) O (0.30±0.38) 45 Indian Cuckoo Cuculus micropterus RM - C (1.12±0.44) O (0.30±0.38) 46 Common Cuckoo Cuculus canorus PM O (0.32±0.44 O (0.16±0.36) 47 Ruddy-breasted Crake Zapornia fusca RE O (0.16±0.22) R O (0.30±0.38) 48 White-breasted Waterhen Amaurornis phoenicurus RE F (0.56±0.35) F (0.64±0.46) F (0.80±0.33) 49 Purple Swamphen Porphyrio porphyrio RE O (0.37±0.11) F (0.82±0.18) F (0.70±0.46) 50 Common Moorhen Gallinula chloropus RE R R R 51 Common Coot Fulica atra RE O (0.39±0.21) C (1.01±0.42) C (1.04±0.39) 52 Demoiselle Crane Grus virgo† V R - - 53 Lesser Adjutant Leptoptilos javanicus RE/VU R R R 54 Painted Stork Mycteria leucocephala RE/NT R - R 55 Asian Openbill Anastomus oscitans RE O (0.31±0.10) C (1.21±1.50) 56 Black Stork Ciconia nigra WM R - - 57 Woolly-necked Stork Ciconia episcopus WM/VU R - - 120 Indian BIRDS Vol. 13 No. 5 (Publ. 16 October 2017)

Abundance No Species Status Winter Summer Monsoon 58 Black-crowned Night Heron Nycticorax nycticorax RE O (0.12±0.12) O (0.24±0.19) O (0.22±0.14) 59 Cinnamon Bittern Ixobrychus cinnamomeus RE - R R 60 Indian Pond Heron Ardeola grayii RE O (0.39±0.20) F (0.79±0.31) F (0.69±0.34) 61 Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis RE A (6.41±4.09) A (13.05±5.45) A (8.50±5.09) 62 Grey Heron Ardea cinerea RE O (0.11±0.08) O (0.48±0.43) F (0.54±0.36) 63 Purple Heron Ardea purpurea RE O (0.11±0.04) O (0.42±0.26) O (0.49±0.25) 64 Great Egret Ardea alba modesta RE R O (0.41±0.31) O (0.47±0.32) 65 Intermediate Egret Mesophoyx intermedia RE O (0.13±0.01) O (0.33±0.20) O (0.42±0.28) 66 Little Egret Egretta garzetta RE O (0.25±0.07) F (0.60±0.18) F (0.79±0.43) 67 Black-headed Ibis Threskiornis melanocephalus RE/NT O (0.14±0.09) F (0.63±0.36) F (0.54±0.47) 68 Indian Black Ibis Pseudibis papillosa RE O (0.29±0.11) F (0.87±0.44) F (0.82±0.50) 69 Glossy Ibis Plegadis falcinellus RE O (0.20±0.08) F (0.59±0.34) F (0.65±0.48) 70 Eurasian Spoonbill Platalea leucorodia RE R R R 71 Little Cormorant Microcarbo niger RE O (0.42±0.36) F (0.64±0.10) F (0.67±0.63) 72 Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo RE O (0.17±0.08) O (0.37±0.15) O (0.34±0.21) 73 Oriental Darter Anhinga melanogastor RE/NT O (0.11±0.03) O (0.29±0.06) O (0.24±0.15) 74 Eurasian Thick‐knee Burhinus oedicnemus RE F (0.91±0.48) F (0.94±0.47) C (1.27±0.73) 75 Black-winged Stilt Himantopus himantopus RE O (0.36±0.11) C (1.03±0.61) F (0.92±0.45) 76 Little Ringed Plover Charadrius dubius RE O (0.30±0.11) F (0.59±0.17) F (0.63±0.26) 77 Yellow-wattled Lapwing Vanellus malabaricus RE C (1.38±0.94) C (2.16±0.61) C (2.40±1.39) 78 Red-wattled Lapwing Vanellus indicus RE A (9.86±5.56) A (12.24±3.52) A (13.20±1.88) 79 Greater Painted-snipe Rostratula benghalensis RE R R R 80 Pheasant-tailed Jacana Hydrophasianus chirurgus RE O (0.23±0.12) O (0.48±0.39) F (0.78±0.36) 81 Bronze-winged Jacana Metopidius indicus RE O (0.34±0.09) F (0.52±0.22) F (0.66±0.22) 82 Whiskered Tern Chlidonias hybrida WM O (0.12±0.08) - - 83 Gull-billed Tern Gelochelidon nilotica WM O (0.15±0.13) - - 84 River Tern Sterna aurantia RE/NT R O (0.13±0.21) O (0.13±0.20) 85 Black-tailed Godwit Limosa limosa WM/NT O (0.19±0.21) - - 86 Common Snipe Gallinago gallinago WM O (0.26±0.18) - - 87 Common Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos WM O (0.43±0.28) - - 88 Green sandpiper Tringa ochropus WM O (0.28±0.16) - - 89 Sandpiper Tringa glareola WM O (0.25±0.18) - - 90 Spotted Redshank Tringa erythropus WM O (0.23±0.09) - - 91 Common Greenshank Tringa nebularia WM O (0.26±0.18) - - 92 Eurasian Curlew Numenius arquata WM/NT R - - 93 Little Stint Calidris minuta WM O (0.26±0.09) - - 94 Temminck’s Stint Calidris temminckii WM O (0.21±0.03) - - 95 Little Pratincole Glareola lactea WM O (0.26±0.15) - - 96 Small Buttonquail Turnix sylvaticus RE F (0.62±0.37) F (0.86±0.45) O (0.44±0.16) 97 Yellow-legged Buttonquail Turnix tanki RE F (0.53±0.37) F (0.60±0.22) O (0.42±0.30) 98 Indian Courser Cursorius coromandelicus WM C (1.47±0.89) O (0.40±0.57) - 99 Osprey Pandion haliaetus WM R - - 100 Black-winged Kite Elanus caeruleus RE F (0.65±0.46) F (0.81±0.42) F (0.63±0.57) 101a Black Kite Milvus migrans govinda RE O (0.14±0.19) O (0.12±0.14) R 101b Black-eared kite Milvus migrans lineatus WM R - - 102 Brahminy Kite Haliastur indus RE R R R 103 Oriental Honey Buzzard Pernis ptilorhynchus RE C (2.65±1.81) C (4.08±2.14) C (3.30±1.36) 104 Spilornis cheela RE C (1.38±0.55) C (1.52±0.95) C (1.10±0.50) 105 Short-toed Snake Eagle Circaetus gallicus RE C (2.34±1.48) C (3.68±1.95) C (3.10±2.20) 106 Changeable Hawk Eagle Nisaetus cirrhatus RE F(0.97±0.44) F (0.56±0.22) O (0.50±0.20) Bayani & Dandekar: Tadoba Andhari Tiger Reserve 121

Abundance No Species Status Winter Summer Monsoon 107 Black Eagle Ictinaetus malaiensis† V R - - 108 Greater Spotted Eagle Clanga clanga† WM/VU R - - 109 Steppe Eagle Aquila nipalensis† WM/EN R - - 110 Bonelli’s Eagle Aquila fasciata† RE R R R 111 Booted Eagle Hieraaetus pennatus† WM C (1.68±1.34) - - 112 Western Marsh Harrier Circus aeruginosus WM O (0.48±0.24) - - 113 Hen Harrier Circus cyaneus† V R - - 114 Pallid Harrier Circus macrourus† WM/NT F (0.81±0.55) - - 115 Pied Harrier Circus melanoleucos V R - - 116 Montagu’s Harrier Circus pygargus† WM F (0.80±0.55) - - 117 Shikra Accipiter badius RE C (2.33±1.66) C (2.13±1.68) C (2.60±0.23) 118 Besra Accipiter virgatus RE R R R 119 Eurasian Sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus nisosimilis WM R - - 120 Grey-headed Fish Eagle Icthyophaga ichthyaetus RE/NT R R R 121 White-eyed Buzzard Butastur teesa RE F (0.56±0.21) F (0.88±0.33) F (0.70±0.38) 122 Common Buzzard Buteo buteo† V R - - 123 Egyptian Vulture Neophron percnopterus V/EN R - - 124 Common Barn Owl Tyto alba RE - - - 125 Jungle Owlet Glaucidium radiatum RE F (0.51±0.08) O (0.19±0.13) O (0.23±0.13) 126 Spotted Owlet Athene brama RE C (2.02±1.08) C (3.58±0.77) C (2.90±1.15) 127 Collared Scops Owl Otus bakkamoena bakkamoena RE R R R 128 Mottled Wood Owl Strix ocellata RE R R R 129 Indian Eagle Owl Bubo bengalensis RE R R R 130 Brown Fish Owl Ketupa zeylonensis RE R R R 131 Indian Grey Hornbill Ocyceros birostris RE C (1.59±0.81) C (2.48±0.59) C (2.00±0.46) 132 Common Hoopoe Upupa epops RE C (3.42±1.07) C (4.00±1.17) C (4.30±0.82) 133 Eurasian Wryneck Jynx torquilla WM R - - 134 Lesser Golden-backed Woodpecker Dinopium benghalense RE C (2.29±0.93) C (2.56±0.92) C (2.60±1.24) 135 Brown-capped Pygmy Woodpecker Dendrocopos moluccensis RE C (1.83±0.63) C (1.68±0.52) C (2.00±0.33) 136 Yellow-fronted Pied Woodpecker Dendrocopos mahrattensis RE C (1.23±0.52) C (1.76±0.73) C (1.30±0.20) 137 Brown-headed Barbet Psilopogon zeylanicus RE C (2.90±1.47) C (3.44±0.83) C (3.50±0.82) 138 Coppersmith Barbet Psilopogon haemacephalus RE C (2.45±0.92) C (2.80±0.85) C (2.20±0.52) 139 Green Bee-eater Merops orientalis RE A (11.33±5.76) A (11.84±3.23) A (11.20±2.33) 140 Indian Roller Coracias benghalensis RE A (9.05±5.38 A (12.64±2.66) A (10.30±1.86) 141 Common Kingfisher Alcedo atthis RE O (0.49±0.29) F (0.82±0.78) C (1.33±0.48) 142 Pied KingfisherCeryle rudis RE F (0.60+0.34) F (0.61±0.42) F (0.99±1.33) 143 White-throated Kingfisher Halcyon smyrnensis RE C (1.00±0.41) C (1.95±1.41) C (3.16±2.62) 144 Stork-billed KingfisherPelargopsis capensis RE R R O (0.12±0.18) 145 Common Kestrel Falco tinnunculus WM C (1.13±0.76) O (0.24±0.36) - 146 Red-necked Falcon Falco chicquera† V/NT R - - 147 Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus peregrinator† V R - - 148 Plum-headed Parakeet Psittacula cyanocephala RE A (6.76±2.90) A (8.24±1.54) A (9.80±1.65) 149 Alexandrine Parakeet Psittacula eupatria RE/NT F (0.75±0.46) C (1.12±0.59) C (1.00±0.69) 150 Rose-ringed Parakeet Psittacula krameri RE A (8.07±4.16) A (11.12±3.17) A (10.50±3.22) 151 Indian Pitta Pitta brachyura RM O (0.32±0.34) C (1.38±1.04) C (4.40±1.18) 152 Small Minivet Pericrocotus cinnamomeus RE C (2.62±1.25) C (2.96±1.51) C (2.30±0.82) 153 Black-hooded Oriole Oriolus xanthornus RE C (2.42±1.32) C (2.24±0.67) C (4.90±0.98) 154 Indian Golden Oriole Oriolus kundoo RE C (1.12±0.52) C (1.44±0.83) C (2.40±0.33) 155 Ashy Woodswallow Artamus fuscus RE R R R 156 Common Woodshrike Tephrodornis pondicerianus RE C (1.71±0.69) F (0.88±0.33) C (1.40±0.52) 122 Indian BIRDS Vol. 13 No. 5 (Publ. 16 October 2017)

Abundance No Species Status Winter Summer Monsoon 157 Common Iora Aegithina tiphia RE C (2.27±0.98) C (2.80±0.28) A (5.50±0.89) 158 Black Drongo Dicrurus macrocercus RE A (10.99±5.22) A (11.64±3.32) A (13.20±2.53) 159 Ashy Drongo Dicrurus leucophaeus WM C (3.62±2.38) O (0.40±0.57) - 160 White-bellied Drongo Dicrurus caerulescens RE C (1.23±0.97) C (1.44±0.61) C (1.80±0.95) 161 Greater Racket-tailed Drongo Dicrurus paradiseus RE C (1.06±0.84) O (0.41±0.21) F (0.57±0.46) 162 White-browed Fantail Rhipidura aureola RE F (0.81±0.48) F (0.72±0.33) C (1.00±0.52) 163 White-throated Fantail Rhipidura albicollis albogularis RE C (1.13±0.50) C (1.12±0.72) C (1.00±0.52) 164 Bay-backed Shrike Lanius vittatus RE C (1.41±0.51) C (1.68±0.72) C (2.00±0.46) 165 Long-tailed Shrike Lanius schach RE C (4.09±2.16) C (4.64±1.37) C (4.60±0.95) 166 Great Grey Shrike Lanius exubitor RE O (0.27±0.35) R O (0.18±0.24) 167 Rufous Treepie Dendrocitta vagabunda RE C (4.58±2.42) C (4.50±2.07) A (5.60±1.99) 168 House Crow Corvus splendens RE C (2.51±1.08) C (3.54±1.89) C (1.88±0.54) 169 Large-billed Crow Corvus macrorhynchos RE C (2.49±0.50) C (2.32±0.77) C (2.20±0.40) 170 Black-naped Monarch Hypothymis azurea RE F (0.89±0.42) O (0.40±0.40) C (2.50±1.15) 171 Indian Paradise-flycatcherTerpsiphone paradisi RM O (0.42±0.25) F (0.56±0.22) C (3.60±0.98) 172 Purple Sunbird Cinnyris asiaticus RE A (11.15±5.16) A (12.64±2.11) A (11.80±1.86) 173 Purple-rumped Sunbird Leptocoma zeylonica RE A (5.94±3.23) A (7.68±1.31) A (6.90±1.05) 174 Thick-billed flowerpeckerDicaeum agile RE C (2.87±2.22) C (2.48±1.31) C (3.10±1.24) 175 Pale-billed Flowerpecker Dicaeum erythrorhynchos RE C (1.15±0.46) C (1.92±0.72) C (1.90±0.60) 176 Jerdon’s Leafbird Chloropsis jerdoni RE C (2.11±1.12) C (2.72±1.31) C (2.38±1.11) 177 Black-breasted Weaver Ploceus benghalensis† RE R O (0.12±0.20) O (0.45±0.77) 178 Baya Weaver Ploceus philippinus RE C (1.74±1.14) F (0.96±0.54) A (16.40±3.23) 179 Red Munia Amandava amandava RE C (1.82±0.96) C (2.16±1.15) C (2.70±0.38) 180 Indian Silverbill Euodice malabarica RE C (2.01±0.78) C (1.84±0.54) C (2.10±0.60) 181 White-rumped Munia Lonchura striata RE F (0.68±0.51) F (0.69±0.27) C (1.21±0.99) 182 Scaly-breasted Munia Lonchura punctulata RE A (7.21±4.85) A (7.03±2.06) A (8.48±2.40) 183 Black-headed Munia Lonchura malacca malacca RE C (1.00±0.28) C (1.17±0.39) C (1.23±1.05) 184 House Sparrow Passer domesticus RE C (3.18±2.11) C (3.20±1.36) C (3.20±1.42) 185 Yellow-throated Sparrow Gymnoris xanthocollis RE A (11.32±5.96) A (15.04±2.27) A (5.70±1.83) 186 Richard’s Pipit Anthus richardi WM C (1.21±1.07) - - 187 Paddyfield Pipit Anthus rufulus RE C (2.31±0.88) C (2.16±0.67) C (2.00±0.73) 188 Tawny Pipit Anthus campestris† WM C (1.13±0.57) - - 189 Olive-backed Pipit Anthus hodgsoni WM C (1.07±1.15) - - 190 Sykes’s Yellow Wagtail Motacilla flava beema WM C (3.57±2.24) - - 191a Black-headedYellow Wagtail Motacilla flava feldegg WM C (2.43±1.94) - - 191b Citrine Wagtail Motacilla citreola WM C (4.35±2.44) - - 192 Grey Wagtail Motacilla cinerea WM C (1.16±0.60) - - 193 White-browed Wagtail Motacilla maderaspatensis RE C (1.46±0.42) C (1.44±0.61) C (1.90±0.76) 194 White Wagtail (white-faced) Motacilla alba alba WM C (1.71±0.69) - - 195 Common Rosefinch Erythrina erythrina† WM R - - 196 Crested Bunting Melophus lathami RE R R R 197 Red-headed Bunting Granativora bruniceps† WM A (7.80±4.27) A (5.36±2.20) - 298 Black-headed Bunting Granativora melanocephala† WM A (10.06±5.31) C (3.52±2.09) - 299 Cinereous Tit Parus cinereus RE F (0.76±0.45) C (1.20±0.49) C (1.50±0.50) 200 Rufous-tailed Lark Ammomanes phoenicura RE C (1.82±0.99) C (1.68±0.66) C (1.20±0.65) 201 Ashy-crowned Sparrow Lark Eremopterix griseus RE C (1.86±1.71) C (2.88±0.91) C (1.40±0.40) 202 Indian Bushlark Mirafra erythroptera RE C (3.40±1.68) C (4.72±1.31) A (5.00±0.23) 203 Singing Bushlark Mirafra cantillans RE F (0.74±1.06) F (0.88±0.91) F (0.80±1.35) 204 Greater Short-toed Lark Calandrella brachydactyla V R - - 205 Sykes’s Lark Galerida deva RE/E F (0.74±0.36) C (1.35±0.58) F (0.90±0.29) Bayani & Dandekar: Tadoba Andhari Tiger Reserve 123

Abundance No Species Status Winter Summer Monsoon 206 Oriental skylark Alauda gulgula RE C (1.27±0.67) F (0.80±1.13) C (1.00±(0.69) 207 Zitting Cisticola Cisticola juncidis RE C (1.71±1.10) C (2.56±1.08) C (2.40±1.35) 208 Grey-breasted Prinia Prinia hodgsonii RE C (1.29±0.70) C (1.68±0.59) C (1.35±0.20) 209 Jungle Prinia Prinia sylvatica RE C (1.20±0.74) C (1.28±0.44) C (1.70±0.20) 210 Ashy Prinia Prinia socialis RE C (2.70±1.15) C (3.36±0.46) C (3.00±0.95) 211 Plain Prinia Prinia inornata RE C (1.60±0.68) C (1.44±0.22) C (1.30±0.20) 212 Common Tailorbird Orthotomus sutorius RE C (4.97±2.36) C (4.64±0.67) A (5.30±0.60) 213 Booted Warbler Iduna caligata WM O (0.49±0.3) - - 214 Sykes’s Warbler Iduna rama WM F (0.66±0,64) - - 215 Paddyfield Warbler Acrocephalus agricola WM C (1.61±1.40) O (0.48±0.66) - 216 Red-rumped Swallow Cecropis daurica RE C (2.70±1.15) C (2.72±0.33) C (2.80±0.33) 217 Wire-tailed Swallow Hirundo smithii RE C (3.85±1.72) C (3.20±0.40) C (3.00±0.23) 218 Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica WM C (2.60±1.16) - - 219 Dusky Crag Martin Ptyonoprogne concolor RE C (2.60±1.08) C (2.77±0.33) C (3.10±0.20) 220 White-browed bulbul Pycnonotus luteolus RE C (1.35±0.84) C (1.60±0.94) C (1.00±0.52) 221 Red-vented Bulbul Pycnonotus cafer RE A (6.66±3.22) A (8.72±1.91) A (8.40±1.46) 222 Red-whiskered Bulbul Pycnonotus jocosus RE C (1.56±1.04) C (1.92±1.21) C (2.60±0.69) 223 Common Chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita WM C (1.06±0.62) - - 224 Sulphur-bellied Warbler Phylloscopus griseolus WM C (2.16±1.21) - - 225 Tickell’s Leaf Warbler Phylloscopus affinis WM O (0.21±0.33) - - 226 Greenish Leaf Warbler Seicercus trochiloides WM C (1.44±1.11) - - 227 Eastern Orphean Warbler Curruca crassirostris WM C (3.53±1.81) - - 228 Lesser Whitethroat Curruca curruca WM C (1.53±1.01) - - 229 Yellow-eyed Babbler Chrysomma sinense RE C (1.49±1.27) C (2.80±1.02) C (3.00±1.62) 230 Oriental White-eye Zosterops palpebrosus RE C (4.48±2.30) A (5.04±1.15) C (4.60±1.55) 231 Tawny-bellied Babbler Dumetia hyperythra hyperythra RE F (0.76±0.67) O (0.40±0.57) O (0.40±0.33) 232 Large Grey Babbler Argya malcolmi RE A (15.05±7.95) A (17.60±1.39) A (17.50±3.57) 233 Common Babbler Argya caudata RE C (2.25±0.90) C (1.76±0.54) C (2.60±0.52) 234 Jungle Babbler Turdoides striata RE A (12.15±7.44) A (14.40±2.10) A (14.00±3.88) 235 Indian Spotted Creeper Salpornis spilonota RE/E R R - 236 Rosy Starling Pastor roseus PM - C (3.92±1.84) - 237 Asian Pied Starling Gracupica contra RE C (1.61±0.92) C (2.32±1.04) C (2.50±1.05) 238 Brahminy Starling Sturnia pagodarum RE C (2.26±1.04) C (2.80±0.75) C (2.30±0.68) 239 Chestnut-tailed Starling Sturnia malabarica WM C (1.85±2.01) C (1.60±2.04) - 240 Common Myna Acridotheres tristis RE A (8.91±4.50) A (8.80±2.79) A (10.10±1.80) 241 Bank Myna Acridotheres ginginianus RE O (0.43±0.54) O (0.48±0.72) O (0.20±0.40) 242 Jungle Myna Acridotheres fuscus RE C (1.94±1.75) C (2.64±1.04) C (1.80±2.18) 243 Indian Robin Saxicoloides fulicatus RE A (5.88±2.61) A (6.64±1.34) A (6.70±1.15) 244 Oriental Magpie Robin Copsychus saularis RE C (3.84±1.25) C (4.00±0.49) A (6.10±1.32) 245 Tickell’s Blue Flycatcher Cyornis tickelliae RE C (3.20±1.66) C (4.08±1.04) C (4.10±0.38) 246 Bluethroat Luscinia svecica† WM R - - 247 Red-breasted Flycatcher Ficedula parva WM C (3.01±1.74) - - 248 Ultramarine Flycatcher Ficedula superciliaris WM O (0.10±0.20) R - 249 Black Redstart Phoenicurus ochruros WM C (2.04±1.18) - - 250 Blue-capped Rock Thrush Monticola cinclorhyncha WM R - - 251 Blue Rock Thrush Monticola solitarius WM O (0.43±0.88) - - 252 Siberian Stonechat Saxicola maurus WM C (2.31±1.22) - - 253 Pied Bushchat Saxicola caprata WM C (4.38±2.55) O (0.24±0.36) - 254 Brown Rock Chat Oenanthe fusca† V R - - 255 Orange-headed Thrush Geokichla citrina cyanota RE C (1.52±0.90) C (1.76±0.46) C (1.58±0.35) 124 Indian BIRDS Vol. 13 No. 5 (Publ. 16 October 2017)

Appendix 2. Checklist of species recorded in TATR by other workers Appendix 2. Checklist of species recorded in TATR by other workers Species Reference Species Reference

1 Fulvous Whistling Duck Anonymous (2003) 34 White-naped Woodpecker Kesavabharathi (2010) Dendrocygna bicolor Chrysocolaptes festivus 2 Red Jungle Fowl Gallus gallus Anonymous (2003), Kumar (2016), 35 White-cheeked Barbet Anonymous (2003) Mujumdar (2015) Psilopogon viridis 3 Painted Spurfowl Galloperdix lunulata Wadatkar (2016), Chavda (2016a) 36 Blue-tailed Bee-eater Mahabal (2006), Bapat (2015b), Merops philippinus Chavda (2016a) 4 Great Crested Grebe Podiceps cristatus Anonymous (2003), Mahabal (2006) 37 European Roller Coracias garrulus Phani (2015a) 5 Green Imperial-Pigeon Ducula aenea Bagda (2015), Chodankar (2015) 38 Black-capped Kingfisher Anonymous (2003), Kasambe (2009) 6 Mountain Imperial Pigeon Harshith (2016) Halcyon pileata Ducula badia 39 Amur Falcon Falco amurensis Chaudhari (2016) 7 Chestnut-bellied Sandgrouse Patil (1994), Menon (2015) Pterocles exustus 40 Eurasian Hobby Falco subbuteo Chethan (2015) 8 Large-tailed Nightjar Anonymous (2003) 41 White-bellied Minivet Anonymous (2003) Caprimulgus macrurus Pericrocotus erythopygius 9 Asian Palm-Swift Cypsiurus balasiensis Chakravarty (2015a), Sundaram 42 Scarlet Minivet Pericrocotus flammeus Anonymous (2003), Mahabal (2006), (2015) Nalawade (1994) 10 Alpine Swift Tachymarptis melba Chavda (2016a) 43 Large Cuckooshrike Coracina javensis Anonymous (2003), Mahabal (2006) 11 Fork-tailed Drongo-Cuckoo Amarna (2016) 44 Black-headed cuckooshrike Anonymous (2003) Surniculus lugubris Lalage melanoptera 12 Slaty-legged Crake Anonymous (2003) 45 Bronzed Drongo Dicrurus aeneus Chavda (2016a) Rallina eurizonoides 46 Brown Shrike Lanius cristatus Kesavabharathi G.(2015) 13 Brown Crake Zapornia akool Anonymous (2003) 47 Isabelline Shrike Lanius isabellinus Simic (2013) 14 Little Crake Zapornia parva Anonymous (2003), Dhanamkar 48 Loten’s Sunbird Cinnyris lotenius Anonymous (2003) (2004) 49 Golden-fronted Leafbird Anonymous (2003), Mahabal (2006), 15 Baillon’s Crake Porzana pusilla Dhamakar (2006) Chloropsis aurifrons Gupta (2016) 16 Watercock Gallicrex cinerea Mahabal (2006), Phani (2015c) 50 Green Munia Amandava formosa Anonymous (2003), Mahabal (2006) 17 Sarus Crane Antigone antigone Anonymous(2003), Mahabal (2006), 51 Forest Wagtail Dendronanthus indicus Mehra (2014) Dhamankar (2003) 52 Pipit Anthus trivialis Chakravarty (2015b) 18 Black Bittern Ixobrychus flavicollis Chavda (2016b) 53 Olive-backed Pipit Anthus hodgsoni Babre (2016) 19 Striated Heron Anonymous (2003), Hirway (2015) Butorides striata javanicus 54 Long-billed Pipit Anthus similis Chavda (2016a) 20 Pintail Snipe Gallinago stenura Dhanamkar (2004) 55 Grey-headed Canary-flycatcer Mahabal (2006), Pradhan (2017) Culicicapa ceylonensis 21 Barred Buttonquail Turnix suscitator Chavda (2016b), Craig (2015a) 56 Black-lored Tit Anonymous (2003) 22 Little tern Sterna albifrons Bell (2012) Machlolophus xanthogenys 23 Black baza Aviceda leuphotes Bapat (2015a) 57 Crested Lark Galerida cristata Anonymous (2003) 24 White-rumped Vulture Anonymous (2003), Mahabal (2006), 58 Blyth’s Reed Warbler Menon (2015) Gyps bengalensis Dhanamkar (2004) Acrocephalus dumetorum 25 Indian Spotted Eagle Clanga hastata Fonseca (2015) 59 Streak-throated Swallow Bhamidipati (2016) 26 Tawny Eagle Aquila rapax vindhiana Anonymous(2003) Petrochelidon fluvicola 27 Crested Goshawk Accipiter trivirgatus Pranay Rao pers. comm. 60 Gray-throated Martin Riparia chinensis Craig (2015b) 28 Brown Hawk Owl Ninox scutulata Kesavabharathi (2010) 61 Common Whitethroat Anonymous (2003) Curruca communis 29 Malabar Pied Hornbill Anonymous (2003) Anthracoceros coronatus 62 Chestnut-bellied Mahabal (2006) Sitta castanea 30 Rufous Woodpecker Anonymous (2003), Mahabal (2006), Micropternus brachyurus Phani (2015b) 63 White-rumped Shama Tillotson (2015) Copsychus malabaricus 31 Lesser Yellow-naped Woodpecker Phani (2015b) Picus chlorolophus 64 Asian Brown Flycatcher Anonymous (2003), Mahabal (2006), Muscicapa daurica Chavda (2016b) 32 Scaly bellied Woodpecker Anonymous (2003) Picus squamatus 65 Verditer Flycatcher Eumyia thalassinus Anonymous (2003), Mahabal (2006), Chakravarty (2015c), Rathod (2014) 33 Greater Flameback Chavda (2016a) Chrysocolaptes guttacristatus 66 Tickell’s Thrush Turdus unicolor Anonymous (2003)