DOCSLIB.ORG

Tourism Explosion": the Case of Çeşme, Foça and Şirince in Western Turkey

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Tourism Explosion University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Theses (Historic Preservation) Graduate Program in Historic Preservation 2011 A Study of Historic Towns after "Tourism Explosion": The Case of Çeşme, Foça and Şirince in Western Turkey Aysem Kilinc-Unlu University of Pennsylvania Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses Part of the Historic Preservation and Conservation Commons Kilinc-Unlu, Aysem, "A Study of Historic Towns after "Tourism Explosion": The Case of Çeşme, Foça and Şirince in Western Turkey" (2011). Theses (Historic Preservation). 169. https://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses/169 Suggested Citation: Kilinc-Unlu, Aysem. (2011). A Study of Historic Towns after "Tourism Explosion": The Case of Çeşme, Foça and Şirince in Western Turkey. (Masters Thesis). University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA. This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses/169 For more information, please contact [email protected]. A Study of Historic Towns after "Tourism Explosion": The Case of Çeşme, Foça and Şirince in Western Turkey Abstract In his book The Conservation of European Cities, Donald Appleyard stated that, "The old city exemplifies the human scale, individuality, care and craftsmanship, richness and diversity that are lacking in the modern plastic, machine-made city with its repetitive components and large scale projects." However, many historic cities are in danger of becoming plastic because of tourism development despite the distinctive qualities they once had. Recent layers are not valued, faux elements are used to keep historic identity of built fabric, or diversity gets lost by replicating a selected type of architectural form. This thesis looks both into intended and market driven changes before and after "tourism explosion" in three towns in western Turkey, and tries to understand what happened to these "old" qualities in the course of change so that reasons behind homogenized historic settlements can be revealed and proper planning and management can protect against the homogenization process. Disciplines Historic Preservation and Conservation Comments Suggested Citation: Kilinc-Unlu, Aysem. (2011). A Study of Historic Towns after "Tourism Explosion": The Case of Çeşme, Foça and Şirince in Western Turkey. (Masters Thesis). University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA. This thesis or dissertation is available at ScholarlyCommons: https://repository.upenn.edu/hp_theses/169 A STUDY OF HISTORIC TOWNS AFTER “TOURISM EXPLOSION”: THE CASE OF ÇEùME, FOÇA AND ùøRøNCE IN WESTERN TURKEY Aysem Kilinc-Unlu A THESIS in Historic Preservation Presented to the Faculties of the University of Pennsylvania in Partial Ful¿ llment of the Requirements of the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN HISTORIC PRESERVATION 2011 ______________________ Advisor Randall F. Mason Associate Professor in Historic Preservation ______________________ Program Chair Randall F. Mason Associate Professor ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my advisor, Randall Mason, for his support and guidance during my thesis research, and throughout my time at Penn. I am also grateful to the students and professors of the Middle East Technical University, Graduate Program in Restoration for sharing their hard work on ùirince and Çeúme. Mostly, I would like to thank my whole family for their never-ending love, cheer, support, patience, generosity and encouragement, even from thousands of miles away. And Ça÷lar, thank you for standing behind me and encouraging me all the time. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................... ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ...................................................................iii LIST OF FIGURES ...........................................................................iv 1. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................1 Thesis ....................................................................................6 2. LITERATURE REVIEW .............................................................10 Literature Review on Tourism and Heritage ..........................10 Literature Review on Tourism Development in Turkey ........24 3. ÇEùME ........................................................................................36 History and Development ......................................................37 Current Status, January 2011 .................................................47 Analysis..................................................................................54 4. FOÇA .......................................................................................58 History and Development ......................................................59 Current Status, January 2011 .................................................70 Analysis..................................................................................77 5. ùøRøNCE ..................................................................................80 History and Development ......................................................80 Current Status, October 2007 and January 2011 ....................94 Analysis..................................................................................98 6. CONCLUSION ........................................................................101 BIBLIOGRAPHY ..............................................................................108 APPENDIX: DEFINITIONS OF LEGAL DESIGNATIONS ...........113 INDEX ...............................................................................................116 iii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Advertisement campaigns; above, Greece (for 2008); below, India (initiated in 2002). Source: http://nation-branding.info/brandinggreece/greek-tourism-ads-2008, www.incredibleindiacampaign.com. ................................................................................3 Figure 2. Matrix outlining basic characteristics of the three case studies. ...................7 Figure 3. Marmaris Castle almost invisible behind a stone-clad concrete building and identically decorated restaurants in the foreground. Source: http://www.net-bilgi.com/ tag/marmaris-nerededir. ...................................................................................................18 Figure 4. Above, TopkapÕ Palace in østanbul; center, a model of the Palace in Miniaturk Park; below, WOW TopkapÕ Hotel in Antalya. Source: http://www.À ickr.com/photos/ joannehedger/4608509921, http://www.À ickr.com/photos/mehmetcaglayan/1301748729, http://www.topkapipalaceantalya.com. ............................................................................19 Figure 5. Commercial center of KuúadasÕ; above, shutters are down and no one is walking on the streets during the low season; below, a view during the high season while shops and restaurants are open, attracting tourists with signage in English and stalls full of generic gifts and fake-brand clothing. Source: Author, 2011; http://www.À ickr.com/ photos/54813587@N07/5125909632/in/set-72157625050337261. ................................22 Figure 6. Hatched area showing the 3-km wide coastline from Çanakkale to Mersin which was declared as the tourism development area for mass tourism by the Second Five-Year Development Plan in 1968. Source: Edited from the base map from http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BlankMapTurkeyProvinces.png. ..........................................26 Figure 7. Clusters of indistinguishable vacation homes in YalÕkavak, Bodrum spreading over the hills; a view which is not very different in other coastal towns along Aegean and Mediterranean seas. Source: www.yalikavak.bel.tr, accessed March 10, 2011. .................................................................................................................................28 Figure 8. Geographic distribution of the Culture and Tourism Preservation and Development Regions declared by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Source: Base map from Google Earth, data from the Ministry of Culture and Tourism. ......................34 Figure 9. Location of Çeúme and Karaburun Peninsula in relation to ø zmir. Source: Edited from Google Maps, 2011. .....................................................................................38 Figure 10. Aerial view of Çeúme district center showing main roads connecting to øzmir, and some of the landmarks. The commercial area surveyed for this thesis is illustrated by a dashed line. Source: Edited from Google Maps, 2011. ...........................38 iv Figure 11. Partial aerial view of the district showing vacation homes; the highway connection of Çeúme to ø zmir can be seen on the right. Source: Çeúme Belediyesi, http://www.cesmebelediyesi.com/index.php?page=p_galeri_havafoto. ..........................43 Figure 12. Natural, archaeological and urban sites in and around Çeúme district center which are under different levels of protection by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Source: Aerial view from Google Maps, 2011; data from METU Çeúme Studio Report, 2011. .................................................................................................................................43 Figure 13. Çeúme Sheraton Hotel on IlÕca beach is one of the largest and most popular facilities in the district. Source: http://www.sheratoncesme.com/?page=fotograÀ ar. ......45 Figure 14. Building integrity in the study area as of January 2011. Source: Aerial view from Google Maps, 2011; plan from Çeúme Municipality; data collected through ¿ eld survey
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Phony Colonee These Motels Contained Colonial- Themed Architecture, Featuring Red Brick Facades, Cupolas Or Turret Crowned Roofs
    n the eyes of some, it is as tacky as a plastic pink flamingo on a front lawn in a trailer park. To others, it is a fun, if idealized, throwback to a better Itime. However you view it, there is no doubt it is one of the Garden State’s somewhat underappreciated influences on the world of architecture. Known as Doo-Wop, it found a unique expression that came of age along with a generation of New Jerseyans in the motels of Wildwoods. The Wildwoods You wouldn’t know it to look at it today, but New Jersey’s Wildwoods were once, indeed, a tangle of wild woods. They sit on a six mile long barrier island near the southern tip of the state at Exit 4 on the Garden State Parkway. When one says “The Wildwoods,” they refer collectively to three separate municipalities: North Wildwood, Wildwood, and Wildwood Crest. They were founded by developers between 1880 and 1905, notably including Frederick Swope and his Five Mile Beach Improvement Company, Philip Pontius Baker and his Wildwood Beach Improvement Company, and John Burk with the Holly Beach Improvement Company. All saw the It might be hard to believe now, but The Wildwoods are named island’s potential in terms of the ideal summer resort, or “Cottage Colony.” after woods that were indeed The small fishing village of Anglesea was the first to be founded in 1880, wild. Note the tree in the followed by Wildwood in 1890. In 1906, Anglesea was then repackaged as foreground bent to grow into a letter “W”! the island’s first specifically resort town and renamed North Wildwood.
    [Show full text]
  • 8. Sınıf İngilizce
    8. Sınıf İngilizce 7. Ünite: Tourism Answer the question according to the brochure below. • Are you interested in nature? • Would you like to take a balloon tour? • What about trying horse riding or paraglading? Then, take a trip to Göreme between August 28-30. Enjoy a two-night stay at a five-star hotel. For more information call: 0 500 123 45 67 1. Which question is NOT answered in the text? A) What do we eat? B) How long is the trip? C) What activities do you offer? D) Where do we stay during the trip? MEB 2019 - 2020 ● Ölçme, Değerlendirme ve Sınav Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü 7. Ünite: Tourism Answer the question according to Fiona’s talk. I work in a big city so holidays are important for me. I prefer summer holidays. I love the sea and the beach but historic places attract me most. I have exciting plans for next summer. First, I am going to visit an ancient city because I like walking through old cities and learning about different cultures. Then, I will go to a beautiful hotel by the beach and swim every day. Fiona 2. Where is she going to start her holiday? A) B) C) D) MEB 2019 - 2020 ● Ölçme, Değerlendirme ve Sınav Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü 7. Ünite: Tourism Answer the questions 3 and 4 according to the brochure. TRAVEL TO TURKEY BALIKESİR RİZE It’s famous for Mount Ida (Kazdağı), special desserts, Rize is famous for its natural beauties. seafood and local bazaars. You can enjoy swimming Its most important features are: tea gardens, and the beautiful beaches.
    [Show full text]
  • Motivators and Perceptions of Island Residents Towards Medical Tourism in Mainland
    Motivators and Perceptions of Island Residents towards Medical Tourism in Mainland Tuğçe Kurtuluş Birader Faculty of Tourism, Eastern Mediterranean University, Northern Cyprus Ali Öztüren Faculty of Tourism, Eastern Mediterranean University, Northern Cyprus Received: 1 July 2019. Revision received: 17 December 2019. Accepted: 18 December 2019 Abstract A quality healthcare service at a reasonable price is one of the fundamental rights of a human. On the other hand, ideal healthcare services are not always available in our countries, and traveling abroad for health purposes becomes a necessity. The purpose of this study is to examine North Cyprus residents' perceptions and motivators toward medical tourism in choosing a medical tourism destination instead of consuming domestic medical services. A survey conducted with 430 residents in North Cyprus. Frequency analysis tables were created to analyze the demographic profiles, while the mean, median, Anova, and t-test have been conducted to analyze the respondents' perceptions based on their demographic profiles. North Cyprus residents have an overall positive perception of medical tourism in Turkey. Push factors such as seeking for health and fitness, resting and relaxation motivate the residents to travel. Internal motives pushing residents to travel abroad for medical treatment included reasons such as a lack of accredited hospitals, low quality of care, and insecurity for employers in the North. External factors included a safe physical environment, high quality of facilities, food, and friendly people. The study revealed the critical motivational factors in the decision process of the respondents. The selective factors had a positive relationship with medical treatments, wellbeing, and health inconveniences. Residents were more comfortable and content with medical facilities and treatment in Turkey than North Cyprus.
    [Show full text]
  • Special Issue “The Next Marmara Earthquake: Disaster Mitigation
    Hori et al. Earth, Planets and Space (2017) 69:65 DOI 10.1186/s40623-017-0648-9 PREFACE Open Access Special issue “The next Marmara earthquake: disaster mitigation, recovery, and early warning” Takane Hori1*, Ali Pinar2, Ocal Necmioglu2, Muneo Hori3 and Azusa Nishizawa4 Te Marmara Sea, accommodating the fault segments of with Mw = 7.25 on the Main Marmara Fault is expected a major transform fault, is well known as a seismic gap to heavily damage or destroy 2–4% of the near 1,000,000 along the North Anatolian Fault (NAF), running through buildings in Istanbul, which has a population of around the northern part of Turkey and connecting the East 13 million, with 9–15% of the buildings receiving Anatolian convergent area with the Hellenic subduction medium damage and 20–34% of the buildings lightly zone (e.g., Pınar 1943; Toksöz et al. 1979; Pondard et al. damaged (Erdik 2013). 2007; Şengör et al. 2014). It is obvious from historical Te aim of this special issue is to gather information records spanning more than 2000 years that the region about the risk of another Marmara earthquake from the is subject to frequent strong shaking that is likely associ- latest geophysical, geological, geotechnical, computa- ated with tsunami waves, threatening heavily populated tional, and building science research results to discuss and industrialized locations (Ambraseys 2002; Erdik et al. ways of mitigating disaster in advance. Te collection 2004; Hébert et al. 2005). In the twentieth century, mag- of 12 papers constituting this special issue is based on nitude (M) 7-class earthquakes sequentially occurred recent research on imaging the crustal structure, the from east to west along the NAF zone, as shown in Fig.
    [Show full text]
  • Assessing Urbanization Dynamics in Turkey's Marmara Region Using CORINE Data Between 2006 and 2018
    remote sensing Article Assessing Urbanization Dynamics in Turkey’s Marmara Region Using CORINE Data between 2006 and 2018 Özlem Altınkaya Genel 1,2 and ChengHe Guan 3,4,* 1 Kenniscentrum NoorderRuimte, Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Groningen Zernikeplein 1, 9747 AS Groningen, The Netherlands; [email protected] 2 Faculty of Architecture and Design, Özye˘ginUniversity, Orman Sk.13, Istanbul˙ 34794, Turkey 3 Arts and Sciences, New York University Shanghai, 1555 Century Avenue, Pudong New District, Shanghai 200122, China 4 Shanghai Key Laboratory of Urban Renewal and Spatial Optimization Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200122, China * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: This study investigated the urban growth dynamics of urban regions. The study area was the Marmara Region, one of the most densely populated and ecologically diverse areas in Turkey. Using CORINE land cover data for 2006, 2012, and 2018, the study utilized multiple correspondence analyses and cluster analyses, to analyze land cover changes. The resulting maps, visualized in GIS, revealed the rapid urban transformation of the regional structure, formerly comprised of four distinct areas, into a more complex structure, in which densification and sprawl occur simultaneously. Our findings demonstrated a dissonance between the spatial dynamics of the Marmara Region during the study period, and the capacity and scope of the simultaneously initiated regional policies and mega-projects. This uncoordinated approach has endangered the region’s sustainable development. The paper, therefore, discusses the importance of land use planning and transboundary collaboration Citation: Genel, Ö.A.; Guan, C. for sustainable regional development. Beyond the local case, the results contribute to critical theories Assessing Urbanization Dynamics in in regional planning by linking theory and practice.
    [Show full text]
  • Three Perfect Days
    No matter how many passport stamps you’ve collected, visiting Costa Rica presents a challenge. What seems so small and straightforward on paper—a traveler-friendly nation that’s dwarfed by West Virginia—feels larger than life once you’re on the ground. The seas on either side are separated by rugged mountain ranges, complete with fire-spitting volcanoes and mist-shrouded cloud forests. And the country’s dozen or so distinct ecological zones— which are heavily protected and together account for 5 percent of the world’s biodiversity, including jaguars, sloths, and more than 1,200 species of butterfly—are also home to an abundance of microclimates, each of which has little regard for your plans. It excites the imagination, but also forces hard decisions: Absorb the culture of bustling San José, spy on treetop monkeys on Volcán Arenal, or dive into the cobalt-blue Pacific on Guanacaste’s Gold Coast? You’ll be in a rush to do it all, but remember to slow down. It’s only then that you’ll discover the state of being known as pura Three vida—the true source of Costa Rica’s wealth. Perfect Days Costa Rica By Peter Koch Photography by Matthew Johnson 56 57 56-69_HEMI1019_3PD_3_R1.indd 56 06/09/2019 10:11 56-69_HEMI1019_3PD_3_R1.indd 57 06/09/2019 10:11 DAY 11,260-foot-tall volcano, loom- original intent was to give all with embroidered first com- ing over the skyline. San José is Costa Ricans access to high- munion dresses, Technicolor perched at 3,845 feet above sea brow culture; admission was floral displays, and growers of level, in the mountain-fringed just one colón.
    [Show full text]
  • Economic Growth and Foreign Tourists' Arrival: a Case Study of India
    International Journal of Management Studies and Social Science Research Economic growth and foreign tourists’ arrival: A case study of India Pooja Rathore1 Mansi Jain2 1Department of Economics, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Sector 16C, Dwarka, New Delhi , India. 2Department of Economics, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Sector 16C, Dwarka, New Delhi , India. IJMSSSR 2020 VOLUME 2 ISSUE 6 NOVEMBER – DECEMBER ISSN: 2582 - 0265 Abstract: Tourism is capable to change the environmental, socio-cultural, political, and economic aspects of the world. It is among the leading industries with fastest growth in the world and has the potential to influence the standard of living of the communities. The comprehensive nature of this industry makes it a channel to economic development and helps balanced regional development. In many countries, it has been seen that tourism is responsible for a major share of GDP and provides employment to a considerably large section of the working population. Added to this, the worldwide earnings generated from tourism sector helps in funding the current account deficit. This study empirically examines the long run association of factors such as economic growth, exchange rate, terrorism and damage from natural disasters with the foreign tourists’ arrival in India using yearly data covering period 1980-2017. To examine the long run relationship this study uses autoregressive distributed lag model. We find that economic growth, exchange rate and damage from floods/heavy rains significantly affect the number of foreigners visiting India in the long run. However, terrorism cases are insignificant and do not affect inbound tourism in the long run. Keywords: Economic Growth, GDP, ARDL, Tourism 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Report Template Normal Planning Appeal
    Inspector’s Report 300440-17 Development The construction of a single storey discount foodstore (to include off licence use). The development includes the erection of signage. The proposed development will be served by 112 no. car parking spaces with vehicular/pedestrian access will be provided from the Strand Road. The proposed development includes the construction of a single storey ESB sub station, lighting, all landscaping, boundary treatment and site development works. Location Strand Road, Tramore, County Waterford. Planning Authority Waterford City and County Council. Planning Authority Reg. Ref. 17/697. Applicant Aldi Stores Ltd. Type of Application Permission. Planning Authority Decision Refusal of permission. ABP300440-17 Inspector’s Report Page 1 of 35 Type of Appeal First Party Appellant Aldi Stores Ltd. Observer Leefield Ltd. Date of Site Inspection 21st August 2018. Inspector Derek Daly. ABP300440-17 Inspector’s Report Page 2 of 35 1.0 Site Location and Description 1.1. The appeal site is within the built up area of the town of Tramore in relative close proximity to both the town centre and the beachfront. The site is currently vacant with no active use on the site. 1.2. The site has a stated area of 1.02 hectares and is irregular in configuration. The site has road frontage onto Strand Road to the south and southwest. The site also incorporates a roadway off Strand Road referred to as Crescent Road which loops in a semi circular manner around the rear of a number of properties fronting onto Strand Road. This roadway provides access for the site.
    [Show full text]
  • Twixt Ocean and Pines : the Seaside Resort at Virginia Beach, 1880-1930 Jonathan Mark Souther
    University of Richmond UR Scholarship Repository Master's Theses Student Research 5-1996 Twixt ocean and pines : the seaside resort at Virginia Beach, 1880-1930 Jonathan Mark Souther Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.richmond.edu/masters-theses Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Souther, Jonathan Mark, "Twixt ocean and pines : the seaside resort at Virginia Beach, 1880-1930" (1996). Master's Theses. Paper 1037. This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Research at UR Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of UR Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. TWIXT OCEAN AND PINES: THE SEASIDE RESORT AT VIRGINIA BEACH, 1880-1930 Jonathan Mark Souther Master of Arts University of Richmond, 1996 Robert C. Kenzer, Thesis Director This thesis descnbes the first fifty years of the creation of Virginia Beach as a seaside resort. It demonstrates the importance of railroads in promoting the resort and suggests that Virginia Beach followed a similar developmental pattern to that of other ocean resorts, particularly those ofthe famous New Jersey shore. Virginia Beach, plagued by infrastructure deficiencies and overshadowed by nearby Ocean View, did not stabilize until its promoters shifted their attention from wealthy northerners to Tidewater area residents. After experiencing difficulties exacerbated by the Panic of 1893, the burning of its premier hotel in 1907, and the hesitation bred by the Spanish American War and World War I, Virginia Beach enjoyed robust growth during the 1920s. While Virginia Beach is often perceived as a post- World War II community, this thesis argues that its prewar foundation was critical to its subsequent rise to become the largest city in Virginia.
    [Show full text]
  • The Potential of Regional Centers in Turkey Related to Growth of the Core Regions
    A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Gezici, Ferhan Conference Paper The Potential of Regional Centers in Turkey Related to Growth of the Core Regions 39th Congress of the European Regional Science Association: "Regional Cohesion and Competitiveness in 21st Century Europe", August 23 - 27, 1999, Dublin, Ireland Provided in Cooperation with: European Regional Science Association (ERSA) Suggested Citation: Gezici, Ferhan (1999) : The Potential of Regional Centers in Turkey Related to Growth of the Core Regions, 39th Congress of the European Regional Science Association: "Regional Cohesion and Competitiveness in 21st Century Europe", August 23 - 27, 1999, Dublin, Ireland, European Regional Science Association (ERSA), Louvain-la-Neuve This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/114244 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte.
    [Show full text]
  • Ideology and Utopia Along the Backpacker Trail
    Responsibly Engaged: Ideology and Utopia along the Backpacker Trail By Sonja Bohn Submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Sociology (2012) Abstract By following the backpacker trail beyond the „tourist bubble,‟ travellers invest in the ideals of freedom, engagement, and responsibility. Backpacker discourse foregrounds travellers‟ freedom to mobility as it constructs the world as „tourable‟; engagement is demonstrated in the search for „authentic‟ connections with cultural Others, beyond the reach of globalised capitalism; responsibility is shouldered by yearning to improve the lives of these Others, through capitalist development. While backpackers frequently question the attainability of these ideals, aspiring to them reveals a desire for a world that is open, diverse, and egalitarian. My perspective is framed by Fredric Jameson‟s reading of the interrelated concepts of ideology and utopia. While backpacker discourse functions ideologically to reify and obscure global inequalities, to entrench free market capitalism, and to limit the imagining of alternatives, it also figures for a utopian world in which such ideology is not necessary. Using this approach, I attempt to undertake critique of backpacker ideology without invalidating its utopian content, while seeking to reveal its limits. Overall, I suggest that late- capitalism subsumes utopian desires for a better way of living by presenting itself as the solution. This leaves backpackers feeling stranded, seeking to escape the ills of capitalism, via capitalism. ii Acknowledgements I am grateful to the backpackers who generously shared their travel stories and reflections for the purposes of this research, I wish you well on your future journeys.
    [Show full text]
  • Barriers to the Development of Medical Tourism in East Azerbaijan Province, T Iran: a Qualitative Study
    Tourism Management 69 (2018) 307–316 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Tourism Management journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/tourman Barriers to the development of medical tourism in East Azerbaijan province, T Iran: A qualitative study ∗ Khalil Momenia, Ali Janatib, , Ali Imanic, Rahim Khodayari-Zarnaqb a Department of Public Health, School of Health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran b Iranian Center of Excellence in Health Management, School of Management and Medical Informatics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran c Tabriz Health Service Management Research Center, School of Management and Medical Informatics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: The purpose of the present study was to determine factors impeding the development of medical tourism in East Medical tourism Azerbaijan province, Iran. The data were derived from interviews with 16 key informants. Data analysis of the Tourism development study was conducted through employing the software MAXQDA-12. The results show that marketing, interna- East Azerbaijan province tional issues, culture, transfer, brokerage, management, and policy problems are the main barriers to the de- velopment of medical tourism. It seems that East Azerbaijan province should provide necessary context for the participation and investment of private sector in the field of medical tourism. Further, it should design and implement long and short-term strategies in proportion to the problems raised. 1. Introduction $3500 to $5000 on each visit (John & Larke, 2016). Statistics on people traveling to other countries to receive medical services are unreliable As a new form of tourism and industry, medical tourism has sub- and as figures presented by different studies they vary from country to stantially grown over recent years.
    [Show full text]