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A Brief Introduction to Aspect-Oriented Programming
R R R A Brief Introduction to Aspect-Oriented Programming" R R Historical View Of Languages" R •# Procedural language" •# Functional language" •# Object-Oriented language" 1 R R Acknowledgements" R •# Zhenxiao Yang" •# Gregor Kiczales" •# Eclipse website for AspectJ (www.eclipse.org/aspectj) " R R Procedural Language" R •# Also termed imperative language" •# Describe" –#An explicit sequence of steps to follow to produce a result" •# Examples: Basic, Pascal, C, Fortran" 2 R R Functional Language" R •# Describe everything as a function (e.g., data, operations)" •# (+ 3 4); (add (prod 4 5) 3)" •# Examples" –# LISP, Scheme, ML, Haskell" R R Logical Language" R •# Also termed declarative language" •# Establish causal relationships between terms" –#Conclusion :- Conditions" –#Read as: If Conditions then Conclusion" •# Examples: Prolog, Parlog" 3 R R Object-Oriented Programming" R •# Describe " –#A set of user-defined objects " –#And communications among them to produce a (user-defined) result" •# Basic features" –#Encapsulation" –#Inheritance" –#Polymorphism " R R OOP (cont$d)" R •# Example languages" –#First OOP language: SIMULA-67 (1970)" –#Smalltalk, C++, Java" –#Many other:" •# Ada, Object Pascal, Objective C, DRAGOON, BETA, Emerald, POOL, Eiffel, Self, Oblog, ESP, POLKA, Loops, Perl, VB" •# Are OOP languages procedural? " 4 R R We Need More" R •# Major advantage of OOP" –# Modular structure" •# Potential problems with OOP" –# Issues distributed in different modules result in tangled code." –# Example: error logging, failure handling, performance -
Introduction to Programming in Lisp
Introduction to Programming in Lisp Supplementary handout for 4th Year AI lectures · D W Murray · Hilary 1991 1 Background There are two widely used languages for AI, viz. Lisp and Prolog. The latter is the language for Logic Programming, but much of the remainder of the work is programmed in Lisp. Lisp is the general language for AI because it allows us to manipulate symbols and ideas in a commonsense manner. Lisp is an acronym for List Processing, a reference to the basic syntax of the language and aim of the language. The earliest list processing language was in fact IPL developed in the mid 1950’s by Simon, Newell and Shaw. Lisp itself was conceived by John McCarthy and students in the late 1950’s for use in the newly-named field of artificial intelligence. It caught on quickly in MIT’s AI Project, was implemented on the IBM 704 and by 1962 to spread through other AI groups. AI is still the largest application area for the language, but the removal of many of the flaws of early versions of the language have resulted in its gaining somewhat wider acceptance. One snag with Lisp is that although it started out as a very pure language based on mathematic logic, practical pressures mean that it has grown. There were many dialects which threaten the unity of the language, but recently there was a concerted effort to develop a more standard Lisp, viz. Common Lisp. Other Lisps you may hear of are FranzLisp, MacLisp, InterLisp, Cambridge Lisp, Le Lisp, ... Some good things about Lisp are: • Lisp is an early example of an interpreted language (though it can be compiled). -
High-Level Language Features Not Found in Ordinary LISP. the GLISP
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 232 860 SE 042 634 AUTHOR Novak, Gordon S., Jr. TITLE GLISP User's Manual. Revised. INSTITUTION Stanford Univ., Calif. Dept. of Computer Science. SPONS AGENCY Advanced Research Projects Agency (DOD), Washington, D.C.; National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C. PUB DATE 23 Nov 82 CONTRACT MDA-903-80-c-007 GRANT SED-7912803 NOTE 43p.; For related documents, see SE 042 630-635. PUB TYPE Guides General (050) Reference Materials General (130) EDRS PRICE MF01/PCO2 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Computer Programs; *Computer Science; Guides; *Programing; *Programing Languages; *Resource Materials IDENTIFIERS *GLISP Programing Language; National Science Foundation ABSTRACT GLISP is a LISP-based language which provides high-level language features not found in ordinary LISP. The GLISP language is implemented by means of a compiler which accepts GLISP as input and produces ordinary LISP as output. This output can be further compiled to machine code by the LISP compiler. GLISP is available for several ISP dialects, including Interlisp, Maclisp, UCI Lisp, ELISP, Franz Lisp, and Portable Standard Lisp. The goal of GLISP is to allow structured objects to be referenced in a convenient, succinct language and to allow the structures of objects to be changed without changing the code which references the objects. GLISP provides both PASCAL-like and English-like syntaxes; much of the power and brevity of GLISP derive from the compiler features necessary to support the relatively informal, English-like language constructs. Provided in this manual is the documentation necessary for using GLISP. The documentation is presented in the following sections: introduction; object descriptions; reference to objects; GLISP program syntax; messages; context rules and reference; GLISP and knowledge representation languages; obtaining and using GLISP; GLISP hacks (some ways of doing things in GLISP which might not be entirely obvious at first glance); and examples of GLISP object declarations and programs. -
The Machine That Builds Itself: How the Strengths of Lisp Family
Khomtchouk et al. OPINION NOTE The Machine that Builds Itself: How the Strengths of Lisp Family Languages Facilitate Building Complex and Flexible Bioinformatic Models Bohdan B. Khomtchouk1*, Edmund Weitz2 and Claes Wahlestedt1 *Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract 1Center for Therapeutic Innovation and Department of We address the need for expanding the presence of the Lisp family of Psychiatry and Behavioral programming languages in bioinformatics and computational biology research. Sciences, University of Miami Languages of this family, like Common Lisp, Scheme, or Clojure, facilitate the Miller School of Medicine, 1120 NW 14th ST, Miami, FL, USA creation of powerful and flexible software models that are required for complex 33136 and rapidly evolving domains like biology. We will point out several important key Full list of author information is features that distinguish languages of the Lisp family from other programming available at the end of the article languages and we will explain how these features can aid researchers in becoming more productive and creating better code. We will also show how these features make these languages ideal tools for artificial intelligence and machine learning applications. We will specifically stress the advantages of domain-specific languages (DSL): languages which are specialized to a particular area and thus not only facilitate easier research problem formulation, but also aid in the establishment of standards and best programming practices as applied to the specific research field at hand. DSLs are particularly easy to build in Common Lisp, the most comprehensive Lisp dialect, which is commonly referred to as the “programmable programming language.” We are convinced that Lisp grants programmers unprecedented power to build increasingly sophisticated artificial intelligence systems that may ultimately transform machine learning and AI research in bioinformatics and computational biology. -
Continuation Join Points
Continuation Join Points Yusuke Endoh, Hidehiko Masuhara, Akinori Yonezawa (University of Tokyo) 1 Background: Aspects are reusable in AspectJ (1) Example: A generic logging aspect can log user inputs in a CUI program by defining a pointcut Login Generic Logging id = readLine(); Aspect Main CUI Aspect cmd = readLine(); pointcut input(): call(readLine()) logging return value 2 Background: Aspects are reusable in AspectJ (2) Example: A generic logging aspect can also log environment variable by also defining a pointcut Q. Now, if we want to log environment variable (getEnv) …? Generic Logging Aspect A. Merely concretize an aspect additionally Env Aspect CUI Aspect pointcut input(): pointcut input(): Aspect reusability call(getEnv()) call(readLine()) 3 Problem: Aspects are not as reusable as expected Example: A generic logging aspect can NOT log inputs in a GUI program by defining a pointcut Login Generic Logging void onSubmit(id) Aspect { … } Main void onSubmit(cmd) GUI Aspect { … } pointcut Input(): call(onSubmit(Str)) logging arguments 4 Why can’t we reuse the aspect? Timing of advice execution depends on both advice modifiers and pointcuts Logging Aspect (inner) Generic Logging abstract pointcut: input(); Aspect after() returning(String s) : input() { Log.add(s); } unable to change to before 5 Workaround in AspectJ is awkward: overview Required changes for more reusable aspect: generic aspect (e.g., logging) two abstract pointcuts, two advice decls. and an auxiliary method concrete aspects two concrete pointcuts even if they are not needed 6 Workaround in AspectJ is awkward: how to define generic aspect Simple Logging Aspect 1. define two pointcuts abstract pointcut: inputAfter(); for before and after abstract pointcut: inputBefore(); after() returning(String s) : inputAfter() { log(s); } 2. -
The Evolution of Lisp
1 The Evolution of Lisp Guy L. Steele Jr. Richard P. Gabriel Thinking Machines Corporation Lucid, Inc. 245 First Street 707 Laurel Street Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142 Menlo Park, California 94025 Phone: (617) 234-2860 Phone: (415) 329-8400 FAX: (617) 243-4444 FAX: (415) 329-8480 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Lisp is the world’s greatest programming language—or so its proponents think. The structure of Lisp makes it easy to extend the language or even to implement entirely new dialects without starting from scratch. Overall, the evolution of Lisp has been guided more by institutional rivalry, one-upsmanship, and the glee born of technical cleverness that is characteristic of the “hacker culture” than by sober assessments of technical requirements. Nevertheless this process has eventually produced both an industrial- strength programming language, messy but powerful, and a technically pure dialect, small but powerful, that is suitable for use by programming-language theoreticians. We pick up where McCarthy’s paper in the first HOPL conference left off. We trace the development chronologically from the era of the PDP-6, through the heyday of Interlisp and MacLisp, past the ascension and decline of special purpose Lisp machines, to the present era of standardization activities. We then examine the technical evolution of a few representative language features, including both some notable successes and some notable failures, that illuminate design issues that distinguish Lisp from other programming languages. We also discuss the use of Lisp as a laboratory for designing other programming languages. We conclude with some reflections on the forces that have driven the evolution of Lisp. -
Allegro CL User Guide
Allegro CL User Guide Volume 1 (of 2) version 4.3 March, 1996 Copyright and other notices: This is revision 6 of this manual. This manual has Franz Inc. document number D-U-00-000-01-60320-1-6. Copyright 1985-1996 by Franz Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this pub- lication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, by photocopying or recording, or otherwise, without the prior and explicit written permission of Franz incorpo- rated. Restricted rights legend: Use, duplication, and disclosure by the United States Government are subject to Restricted Rights for Commercial Software devel- oped at private expense as specified in DOD FAR 52.227-7013 (c) (1) (ii). Allegro CL and Allegro Composer are registered trademarks of Franz Inc. Allegro Common Windows, Allegro Presto, Allegro Runtime, and Allegro Matrix are trademarks of Franz inc. Unix is a trademark of AT&T. The Allegro CL software as provided may contain material copyright Xerox Corp. and the Open Systems Foundation. All such material is used and distrib- uted with permission. Other, uncopyrighted material originally developed at MIT and at CMU is also included. Appendix B is a reproduction of chapters 5 and 6 of The Art of the Metaobject Protocol by G. Kiczales, J. des Rivieres, and D. Bobrow. All this material is used with permission and we thank the authors and their publishers for letting us reproduce their material. Contents Volume 1 Preface 1 Introduction 1.1 The language 1-1 1.2 History 1-1 1.3 Format -
“An Introduction to Aspect Oriented Programming in E”
“An Introduction to Aspect Oriented Programming in e” David Robinson [email protected] Rel_1.0: 21-JUNE-2006 Copyright © David Robinson 2006, all rights reserved 1 This white paper is based on the forthcoming book “What's so wrong with patching anyway? A pragmatic guide to using aspects and e”. Please contact [email protected] for more information. Rel_1.0: 21-JUNE-2006 2 Copyright © David Robinson 2006, all rights reserved Preface ______________________________________ 4 About Verilab__________________________________ 7 1 Introduction _______________________________ 8 2 What are aspects - part I? _____________________ 10 3 Why do I need aspects? What’s wrong with cross cutting concerns? ___________________________________ 16 4 Surely OOP doesn’t have any problems? ___________ 19 5 Why does AOP help?_________________________ 28 6 Theory vs. real life - what else is AOP good for? ______ 34 7 What are aspects - part II?_____________________ 40 Bibliography _________________________________ 45 Index ______________________________________ 48 Rel_1.0: 21-JUNE-2006 Copyright © David Robinson 2006, all rights reserved 3 Preface “But when our hypothetical Blub programmer looks in the other direction, up the power continuum, he doesn't realize he's looking up. What he sees are merely weird languages. He probably considers them about equivalent in power to Blub, but with all this other hairy stuff thrown in as well. Blub is good enough for him, because he thinks in Blub” Paul Graham 1 This paper is taken from a forthcoming book about Aspect Oriented Programming. Not just the academic stuff that you’ll read about elsewhere, although that’s useful, but the more pragmatic side of it as well. -
Remote Debugging and Reflection in Resource Constrained Devices Nikolaos Papoulias
Remote Debugging and Reflection in Resource Constrained Devices Nikolaos Papoulias To cite this version: Nikolaos Papoulias. Remote Debugging and Reflection in Resource Constrained Devices. Program- ming Languages [cs.PL]. Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2013. English. tel-00932796 HAL Id: tel-00932796 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00932796 Submitted on 17 Jan 2014 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. N° d’ordre : 41342 THESE présentée en vue d’obtenir le grade de DOCTEUR en Spécialité : informatique par Nikolaos Papoulias DOCTORAT DELIVRE CONJOINTEMENT PAR MINES DOUAI ET L’UNIVERSITE DE LILLE 1 Titre de la thèse : Remote Debugging and Reflection in Resource Constrained Devices Soutenue le 19/12/2013 à 10h devant le jury d’examen : Président Roel WUYTS (Professeur – Université de Leuven) Directeur de thèse Stéphane DUCASSE (Directeur de recherche – INRIA Lille) Rapporteur Marianne HUCHARD (Professeur – Université Montpellier 2) Rapporteur Alain PLANTEC (Maître-Conf-HDR – Université de Bretagne Occ.) Examinateur Serge STINCKWICH (Maître-Conf – Université de Caen) co-Encadrant Noury BOURAQADI (Maître-Assistant – Mines de Douai) co-Encadrant Marcus DENKER (Chargé de recherche – INRIA Lille) co-Encadrant Luc FABRESSE (Maître-Assistant – Mines de Douai) Laboratoire(s) d’accueil : Dépt. -
Understanding AOP Through the Study of Interpreters
Understanding AOP through the Study of Interpreters Robert E. Filman Research Institute for Advanced Computer Science NASA Ames Research Center, MS 269-2 Moffett Field, CA 94035 rfi[email protected] ABSTRACT mapping is of interest (e.g., variables vs. functions). The I return to the question of what distinguishes AOP lan- pseudo-code includes only enough detail to convey the ideas guages by considering how the interpreters of AOP lan- I’m trying to express. guages differ from conventional interpreters. Key elements for static transformation are seen to be redefinition of the Of course, a real implementation would need implementa- set and lookup operators in the interpretation of the lan- tions of the helper functions. In general, the helper functions guage. This analysis also yields a definition of crosscutting on environments—lookup, set, and extend—can be manip- in terms of interlacing of interpreter actions. ulated to create a large variety of different language fea- tures. The most straightforward implementation makes an environment a set of symbol–value pairs (a map from sym- 1. INTRODUCTION bols to values) joined to a pointer to a parent environment. I return to the question of what distinguishes AOP lan- Lookup finds the pair of the appropriate symbol, (perhaps guages from others [12, 14]. chaining through the parent environments in its search), re- turning its value; set finds the pair and changes its value A good way of understanding a programming language is by field; and extend builds a new map with some initial val- studying its interpreter [17]. This motif has been recently ues whose parent is the environment being extended. -
Programming Languages As Operating Systems (Or Revenge of the Son of the Lisp Machine)
Programming Languages as Operating Systems (or Revenge of the Son of the Lisp Machine) Matthew Flatt Robert Bruce Findler Shriram Krishnamurthi Matthias Felleisen Department of Computer Science∗ Rice University Houston, Texas 77005-1892 Abstract reclaim the program’s resources—even though the program and DrScheme share a single virtual machine. The MrEd virtual machine serves both as the implementa- To address this problem, MrEd provides a small set of tion platform for the DrScheme programming environment, new language constructs. These constructs allow a program- and as the underlying Scheme engine for executing expres- running program, such as DrScheme, to run nested programs sions and programs entered into DrScheme’s read-eval-print directly on the MrEd virtual machine without sacrificing loop. We describe the key elements of the MrEd virtual control over the nested programs. As a result, DrScheme machine for building a programming environment, and we can execute a copy of DrScheme that is executing its own step through the implementation of a miniature version of copy of DrScheme (see Figure 1). The inner and middle DrScheme in MrEd. More generally, we show how MrEd de- DrSchemes cannot interfere with the operation of the outer fines a high-level operating system for graphical programs. DrScheme, and the middle DrScheme cannot interfere with the outer DrScheme’s control over the inner DrScheme. 1 MrEd: A Scheme Machine In this paper, we describe the key elements of the MrEd virtual machine, and we step through the implementation The DrScheme programming environment [10] provides stu- of a miniature version of DrScheme in MrEd. -
Hackers and Painters: Big Ideas from the Computer
HACKERS & PAINTERS Big Ideas from the Computer Age PAUL GRAHAM Hackers & Painters Big Ideas from the Computer Age beijing cambridge farnham koln¨ paris sebastopol taipei tokyo Copyright c 2004 Paul Graham. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Published by O’Reilly Media, Inc., 1005 Gravenstein Highway North, Sebastopol, CA 95472. O’Reilly & Associates books may be purchased for educational, business, or sales promotional use. Online editions are also available for most titles (safari.oreilly.com). For more information, contact our corporate/institutional sales department: (800) 998-9938 or [email protected]. Editor: Allen Noren Production Editor: Matt Hutchinson Printing History: May 2004: First Edition. The O’Reilly logo is a registered trademark of O’Reilly Media, Inc. The cover design and related trade dress are trademarks of O’Reilly Media, Inc. The cover image is Pieter Bruegel’s Tower of Babel in the Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna. This reproduction is copyright c Corbis. Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and O’Reilly Media, Inc. was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in caps or initial caps. While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher and author assume no responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein. ISBN13- : 978 - 0- 596-00662-4 [C] for mom Note to readers The chapters are all independent of one another, so you don’t have to read them in order, and you can skip any that bore you.