Environmental Impact Assessment Study for the Proposed Addition of 3X600 MT Mounded LPG Storage at LPG Bottling Plant at Parawada, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh Chapter-1 Introduction
1.0 INTRODUCTION M/s Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. proposes expansion of LPG storage facility from 1800 MT to 3600 MT by installing additional 3x600 MT LPG mounded storage at Parawada, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh.
As per EIA Notification, published in Gazette of India, Extraordinary Part-II, Section-3, sub- section (ii) of Ministry of Environment & Forest dated 14.09.2006 & subsequent amendments, the proposed project falls in Activity 6(b), Category-B of “List of Projects or Activities Requiring Prior Environmental Clearance”. As per the above notification, proposed project will have to obtain environmental clearance from State Environmental Impact Assessment Authority (SEIAA) / State Environmental Appraisal Committee (SEAC), Andhra Pradesh. Standard TOR has granted to M/s IOCL, Parawada in the meeting of SEAC, Andhra Pradesh held on 27th April 2017. TOR letter & its compliance is enclosed as Annexure-I. The EIA report has been prepared in accordance with the standard TOR issued by SEAC vide Letter no. SEIAA/AP/VSP/IND/03 2017/292 dated 26.05.2017. CTE & CFO letter and P&I layout of the plant attached as Annexure-II & Annexure-III.
1.1 Identification of Project and Project Proponent
1.1.1 Project Proponent Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. (IOCL) is a premier public sector company in the Oil & Gas Sector and is engaged in the business of refining and retailing of petroleum products including LPG in the country. Indian Oil is ranked 161st among the world's largest corporate (and first among Indian enterprises) in the prestigious Fortune ‘Global 500’ listing for the year 2016. IOCL is having about 91 LPG bottling plants which serve every corner of the country. Indane (the trade name of LPG of IOCL) LPG cooking gas reaches the doorsteps of 9.88 crore households in about 3,270 markets through a network of 9144 distributors. The growth in demand of LPG for domestic purpose is increasing at a rapid pace.
1.1.2 Identification of Project Indane Bottling Plant at Parawada was commissioned in 58.06 acres (23.50 ha) located at about 19.0 km, ENE from Visakhapatnam, A.P. The proposed expansion project is to increase the LPG storage capacity by addition of 3 X 600 MT mounded bullets. This capacity enhancement will ensure approximately 9 days cover on a stand-alone basis against total bulk LPG storage capacity of 3600 MT.
There will be no chemical process involved and the operation carried out, process involves receipt of LPG in bulk form in bullet tankers, stored in mounded bullets and then filled LPG into cylinders using carousels and associated systems. The cylinders filled will be checked for quality and then dispatched. In the LPG Bottling Plant the additional storage will be pressurized form in mounded storage. The mounded storage will be in 3 bullets of 600 MT each with a total capacity of 1800 MT. The system of mounded storage has been recognized as one of the safest form of storage of LPG.
1.1.3 Justification of Project The existing Vizag BP currently has 4.5 days cover against a bottling capacity of 400 MTD. This poses the following inconveniences:
ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory C1-1 Environmental Impact Assessment Study for the Proposed Addition of 3X600 MT Mounded LPG Storage at LPG Bottling Plant at Parawada, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh Chapter-1 Introduction
• Any disruption in supplies from loading location or any enroute disturbance in movement of road tank trucks severally affects the production of plant due to low bulk stock;
• After commissioning of 2nd carousal, the bottling capacity of the plant has doubled & it will go up further with upgradation of old carousal. The storage capacity needs to be enhanced in line with bottling capacity in order to avoid any disruption in production due to inward supply from loading locations;
• Presently, there is no proposal & economically viable project to connect Vizag BP with VSPL LPG Pipeline. Hence, plant will be totally dependent upon road loading; and
• The demand in the markets feed by Vizag BP is on an upward trend due to mass release of LPG Connections to BPL households under Ujjwala & Deepam Govt. schemes. Hence, the production/bottling capacity have to be enhanced further after 3 to 4 years.
In view of the foregoing, IOCL has proposed for provision of additional 3 nos of mounded bullets with 600 MT capacities each in the plant will ensure 9 days cover on a stand-alone basis against total bulk LPG storage capacity of 3600 MT.
1.2 Schedule and cost of the project
The proposed project will be completed in approximately 27 months from the date of approval environmental & other statutory clearances. The estimated to cost for additional storage facility is about Rs. 25 Crores.
1.3 Brief Description of the Project
1.3.1 Nature of the Project
LPG Bottling Plant operates strictly as a storage & packing facility for LPG. No by-products / additional products are generated / manufactured during the operations. Hence, the present proposal is classified under Schedule 6(b) & Category ‘B’ according to EIA Notification 2006 & subsequent amendments.
At present, the plant is having 2 electronic carousals (2 x 24 points) with total rated bottling capacity of 120 MTPA in 2 shift operations. With total 3 Nos. of LPG storage vessels (3 x 600 MT in mounded bullets), maximum bulk LPG storage is 1800 MT in the plant. This translates to approximately 4.5 days cover.
1.3.2 Size of the Project In the LPG Bottling Plant the additional storage will be pressurized form in mounded storage. The mounded storage will be in 3 bullets of 600 MT each with a total capacity of 1, 800 MT. The system of mounded storage has been recognized as one of the safest form of storage of LPG. The details of existing and proposed LPG storage and bottling plant capacities are provided in Table-1.1.
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TABLE-1.1 EXISTING AND PROPOSED - LPG STORAGE
Type of Vessel Existing/Proposed Nos. Capacity Total Capacity Mounded Bullets Existing 3 600 MT 1800 MT Mounded Bullets Proposed 3 600 MT 1800 MT Total 3600 MT Source: IOCL
1.3.3 Location of the Project The project site is located at distance of 2.8 km in north direction from the Tadi railway station. The site is well connected to Visakhapatnam by road through NH-16. The nearest airport is Visakhapatnam airport located at distance of 15.6 km in northeast direction. The details of environmental setting are given in Table-1.2. The index map of the project site is shown in Figure-1.1.
TABLE–1.2 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING
Sr. No. Particulars Details 1 Plant location Latitude Longitude A 17039’49.68” N 83004’25.84” E B 17039’36.90” N 83004’21.30” E C 17039’31.95” N 83004’39.43” E D 170 4.59 830 43.81 39’4 ” N 04’ ” E 2 Topo sheet No. E44Q14, E44R2 Climatic conditions at Visakhapatnam IMD station (1971-2000) 3 Maximum temperature 40.4°C 4 Minimum temperature 14.4°C 5 Annual rainfall (total) 950.7 mm 6 Relative humidity 64%-79% 7 Predominant wind directions SW and SSW 8 Plant site elevation above MSL 60 m 9 Plant site topography Fairly flat 10 Present land use at the site Industrial Category 11 Nearest highway NH -16 (2.7 km, N) 12 Nearest railway station Tadi Railway Station (2.8 km, N) 13 Nearest Airport Visakhapatnam Airport (15.6 km, NE) 14 Nearest major water bodies Yeluru Canal (1.7 km, NE) KBR lake (7.5 km, E) Sharada River (8.8 km, WNW) Kondakarlava Lake (9.5 km, SW) Bay of Bengal (13.4 km, S) 15 Nearest town/City Anakapalle (6.8 km, WNW) ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory C1-3 Environmental Impact Assessment Study for the Proposed Addition of 3X600 MT Mounded LPG Storage at LPG Bottling Plant at Parawada, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh Chapter-1 Introduction
Sr. No. Particulars Details 16 Nearest village Tanam (1.5 km, S) 17 Archaeologically important Bojjanakonda, Lingalakonda- Sankaram (8.4 km, places NW) 18 Protected areas as per Wildlife -- Protection Act, 1972 (Tiger reserve, Elephant reserve, Biospheres, National parks, Wildlife sanctuaries, community reserves and conservation reserves) 19 Reserved / Protected Forests Nadupuru RF (6.7 km, SE) RF-Dopperla Konda (7.8 km, SSW) Narava RF (9.6 km, NE) Panchadarla RF (13.6 km, SW) 20 Defence Installations - 21 List of major Industries in 10 km 1. Industrial Development Area, Parawada radius (APIIC), (Adjacent)
2. NTPC Simhadri Power (6.5 km, S) 3. Vizag Steel Plant (10.7 km, SE)
22 Seismicity Seismic Zone- III as per IS 1893 (Part-I): 2002
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FIGURE-1.1 INDEX MAP SHOWING THE PROJECT SITE ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory C1-5 Environmental Impact Assessment Study for the Proposed Addition of 3X600 MT Mounded LPG Storage at LPG Bottling Plant at Parawada, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh Chapter-1 Introduction
1.4 Market Demand & Supply India consumes about 16 MTPA of LPG while domestic production is only 10 MTPA. Net import of LPG is about 6 MTPA. The consumption, import and export from last 5 years are presented in Table-1.3. During last 4 years, LPG consumption has grown at GAGR of 5.6% while production is almost static hence import has increased at CAGR of 25%.
TABLE-1.3 LPG DEMAND LPG 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 Consumption 13.13 14.33 15.35 15.60 16.34 Production 10.34 9.62 9.55 9.83 10.11 Export 0.13 0.15 0.17 0.20 0.23 Import 2.72 4.48 5.79 6.29 6.60
1.5 Scope of the Study With a view to assess the environmental impacts arising due to the proposed expansion of LPG storage facility, IOCL has availed the services of M/s Ultra-Tech Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory, to prepare the EIA Report and suggest an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for mitigating adverse impacts from the proposed expansion project.
Environmental baseline monitoring has been carried out by M/s. Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad during 1st March to 31st May 2017 representing pre-monsoon season. The scope of the present study is in-line with the Standard Terms of reference as recommended by State Environmental Appraisal Committee (SEAC).
1.5.1 Study Area Details The study area for the present EIA study is the area covered within the 10 km radius from the boundary of the facility. The topographical features of the study area are shown in Figure- 1.2. Google image of the study area is shown in Figure-1.3. The environmental setting within the study area is given in Table-1.2.
1.5.2 Details of the Study The scope of study broadly includes: To conduct literature review and to collect data relevant to the study area; To undertake environmental monitoring so as to establish the baseline environmental status of the study area; To predict incremental levels of pollutants in the terrestrial study area due to the proposed project activities; To evaluate the predicted impacts on the various environmental attributes in the study area by using scientifically developed and widely accepted environmental impact assessment methodologies; Risk Assessment study; To prepare an EMP outlining the measures for improving the environmental quality and scope for future expansions for environmentally sustainable development; and To identify critical environmental attributes required to be monitored suggesting a post- project monitoring programme.
ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory C1-6 Environmental Impact Assessment Study for the Proposed Addition of 3X600 MT Mounded LPG Storage at LPG Bottling Plant at Parawada, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh Chapter-1 Introduction
The literature review includes identification of relevant articles from various publications, collection of data from various government agencies and other sources.
1.5.3 Methodology of the Study Reconnaissance survey was conducted by the consultants and concerned officials and sampling locations were identified on the basis of: Predominant wind directions in the study area as recorded by India Meteorological Department (IMD) at Visakhapatnam; Existing topography, drainage pattern and location of surface water bodies like ponds, canals, and rivers; Location of villages/towns/sensitive areas; Areas which represent baseline conditions; and Collection, collation and analysis of baseline data for various environmental attributes.
The field observations are used to: To observe the baseline environmental status of study area; Identify extent of negative impacts on community/natural resources; and Identify mitigation measures and monitoring requirements.
The study also provides framework and institutional strengthening for implementing the mitigation measures. Field studies have been conducted to determine existing conditions of various environmental attributes as outlined in Table-1.4.
Applicable environmental standards and Methodology for sampling and analysis is enclosed as Annexure-IV and Annexure-V.
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FIGURE-1.2 STUDY AREA MAP OF THE PROJECT (10 KM RADIUS) ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory C1-8 Environmental Impact Assessment Study for the Proposed Addition of 3X600 MT Mounded LPG Storage at LPG Bottling Plant at Parawada, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh Chapter-1 Introduction
Latitude 17°39′41.8″ Longitude 83º04′37.1″
FIGURE-1.3 STUDY AREA GOOGLE MAP
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TABLE-1.4 ENVIRONMENTAL ATTRIBUTES AND FREQUENCY OF MONITORING ADOPTED Sr. Environmental Sampling Sampling Parameters Sampling Sampling Methodology No. Component Locations Period Frequency 1 Meteorology One central Temperature, Wind 3 months Hourly The parameters were recorded by automatic micro- location Speed, Wind Direction meteorological machine having anemometer, wind vane and thermometer. IMD data of Visakhapatnam also reviewed. Rainfall 3 months Daily Rainfall was recorded every morning at 0830 hours Relative Humidity, 3 months Hourly Humidity measured using wet & dry bulb thermometer Cloud Cover and psychometric charts on hourly basis. 2 Ambient Air 8 locations As per NAAQS 2009- Two days per 24 hourly Gravimetric method for PM2.5 and PM10. Modified West & Quality PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOX, week for 13 Gaeke method for SO2 (IS-5182 part-II 1969) using CO, O3, As, Ni, Pb, weeks Tetrachloromercurate 0.01 N absorbing solution. Jacob- C6H6, BaP, NH3 Hochheiser method (IS-5182 part-IV 1975) for NOX using Sodium Arsenate absorbing solution of 0.01 N absorbing solutions. CO was measured by GC method. 3 Water Quality 8 locations As per IS:10500-2012 Grab Once in As per APHA methods. The conductivity, temperature sampling study period were analyzed at site laboratory and rest of the parameters (3-Surface Heavy metals (As, Hg, Grab Once during were analyzed at M/s.Vimta Labs Limited, NABL & water Pb, Cd, Cr-6, Total Cr, sampling study period MOEF&CC approved laboratory, Hyderabad. 5-Ground Cu, Zn, Se, Fe) water) 4 Noise 8 locations Leq, Lday, Lnight, Ldn Hourly Once during Integrated on hourly basis readings for study period 24 hours
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Sr. Environmental Sampling Sampling Parameters Sampling Sampling Methodology No. Component Locations Period Frequency 5 Soil 8 locations Soil profile, Chemical Composite Once during Analysis was carried out as per Soil Chemical analysis by constituents, Suitability sample up to study period ML Jackson for agricultural growth 90-cm depth 6 Terrestrial Total study Flora and fauna Field Once during Through field visits and collected secondary data. Count Ecology area observations study period and quadrate method 7 Demography and Total study Demographic profile - - Through field visits and secondary information sources Socio-economic area like National Informatic Centre, Delhi, Census, etc. aspects
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1.6 STRUCTURE OF EIA REPORT
EIA report contains baseline data, project description and assessment of impacts and preparation of Environmental Management Plan and Disaster Management Plan. The report is organized in following ten chapters:
Chapter 1: Introduction
This chapter describes objectives and methodology for EIA.
Chapter 2: Project Description
This chapter gives a brief description of the existing facilities and infrastructure required for augmentation etc. This chapter also gives outline of status of completion of construction activities as this is an augmentation project
Chapter 3: Description of the Environment
This chapter presents details of the baseline environmental status for microclimate, air quality, noise, traffic, water quality, soil quality, flora, fauna and socio-economic status etc.
Chapter 4: Anticipated Environmental Impact and Mitigation Measures
This chapter discusses the possible sources of pollution and environmental impacts due to the project during construction and operation phases and suggests the mitigation measures.
5. Analysis of Alternative Sites and Technology
This chapter describes the analysis of various alternative sites and the technology required for the project.
6. Environmental Monitoring Program
This chapter provides recommendations for Environment Management Plan (EMP)including mitigation measures for minimizing the negative environmental impacts of the project. Environmental monitoring requirements for effective implementation of mitigative measures during construction as well as during operation of the project along with required institutional arrangements for their implementation. Budgetary cost estimates for mitigation measures are also brought out.
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Chapter 7: Additional Studies
This chapter covers information about Public Consultation and Risk Assessment Studies for the construction and operation phase, the safety precautions that are taken during construction phase.
Chapter 8: Project Benefits
This chapter presents the benefits from this project.
Chapter 9: Environmental Cost Benefit Analysis
This chapter has to be carried out if specifically required as per scoping. As this is not specifically mentioned in scoping, further details study is not carried out.
Chapter 10: Environmental Management Plan
This chapter deals with the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for the proposed augmentation Project and indicates measures proposed to minimize the likely impacts on the environment during construction and operation phases and budgetary allocation for the same.
11. Summary and Conclusions
This chapter describes the summary of the environmental impact assessment studies.
Chapter 11: Disclosure of Consultants
The list of various experts involved in preparation of the present EIA/EMP report is given along with brief introduction of the consultancy organization involved in EIA report
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2.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
2.1 Type of the Project Indian Oil Bottling Plant at Parawada was commissioned in an area of 58.06 acres (23.50 ha) which is 2.7 km from National Highway-16. IOCL has proposed enhancement of the existing LPG bottling capacity with additional 3 nos. of mounded bullets with 600 MT capacities each to ensure 9 days cover on a stand-alone basis against total bulk LPG storage capacity of 3600 MT.
2.2 Need for Project Activity The existing bottling plant at Parawada has 4.5 days cover against a bottling capacity of 400 MTD. This poses the following inconveniences:
Any disruption in supplies from loading location or any enroute disturbance in movement of road tank trucks severally affects the production of plant due to low bulk stock After commissioning of 2nd carousal, the bottling capacity of the plant has doubled & it will go up further with upgradation of old carousal. The storage capacity needs to be enhanced in line with bottling capacity in order to avoid any disruption in production due to inward supply from loading locations Presently, there is no proposal & economically viable project to connect Vizag BP with VSPL LPG Pipeline. Hence, Plant will be totally dependent upon road loading The demand in the markets feed by Vizag BP is on an upward trend due to mass release of LPG Connections to BPL households under Ujjwala & Deepam Govt. schemes. Hence, the production/bottling capacity have to be enhanced further after 3 to 4 years. In view of the foregoing, the IOCL has proposed for provision of additional 3 nos of mounded bullets with 600 MT capacities each in the plant will ensure 9 days cover on a stand-alone basis against total bulk LPG storage capacity of 3600 MT. The estimated to cost for additional storage facility is Rs. 25 Crores.
2.3 Location and Layout The proposed expansion of 3x600 MT mounded LPG storage will be within the premises of existing facility in an area of about 58.06 Acres (23.50 ha). No additional land acquisition is involved.
The layout of the bottling plant has been prepared as per prescribed OISD norms. The safety distances are maintained as per the standards. The road network is designed to ensure smooth movement of bulk/ filled cylinder trucks.
Design Parameters: Temperature, Pressure, Internal corrosion, Hydro test pressure Design Procedure: As per the Design Code: ASME SEC. VIII or PD - 5500 or equivalent duly approved by PESO. Piping layout is as per OISD 150. One Liquid line, one vapour line, 2no’s SRVs, ROVs on liquid and vapour lines. The operation carried out will be receipt of LPG (Liquid Petroleum Gas) by Vizag HPCL and Paradeep terminal- Orrisa by Road Tank Trucks, after receiving of bulk LPG in isolated
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storage vessels and filling of LPG into domestic and nondomestic cylinders using electronic carousel 1&2 and associated systems. The cylinders filled will be checked for quality and then transported with packed trucks to Indane distributors, where filled cylinders are transported to individual customers. In the Proposed LPG bottling plant the storage will be pressurized form in mounded storage. The additional mounded storage will be in 3 bullets of 600 MT each with a total capacity of 1800 MT.
2.4 Salient Features of the Project The salient features of the proposed storage tanks expansion project are presented in Table- 2.1. TABLE-2.1 SALIENT FEATURES OF PLANT Sr. No. Description Details 1 Total Land 58.06 Acres 2 Location IOCL, Parawada village, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh 3 Present land use Proposed expansion will be carried out within existing premises 4 Status of land acquisition Entire land is in the name and possession of IOCL 5 Type of storage tanks 1. Mounded Bullet 6 Capacity of storage tank proposed Sr. No Type of Storage (MT) vessel Existing Proposed 1 Bullets 1800 1800 Mounded Total 1800 1800 Grand Total 3600
7 Power requirement 100 KW Shall be sourced from APSPDCL DG sets 1 x 500 KVA for main plant load. 2 x 250 KVA for lighting load (One is standby). 8 Water requirement Additional Water required for the proposed expansion is estimated to be 10 KLD. 9 Man power Existing:263 Construction phase:100 No additional manpower is required during operation 10 Project Cost Rs. 25 Crores 11 Capital Cost towards Rs. 3.0 Crores environment protection Source: Project Report, IOCL
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2.4.1 Proposed Schedule and Approval for Implementation The construction of LPG storage related activities will commence on receipt of Environmental Clearance (EC) from SEIAA, Andhra Pradesh and Consent to Establish (CTE) from APPCB.
2.4.2 Land Use The proposed expansion will be carried out within the existing premises, the site earmarked for expansion is a vacant land. Land schedule is given in Table-2.2.
TABLE-2.2 LAND SCHEDULE OF THE PROJECT SITE
Sr. No. Details Area (acres) Percentage (%) 1 Administration Block 0.14 0.24 2 Existing mounded bullets area 0.20 0.34
3 Proposed mounded bullets 0.20 0.34 area 4 Workers rest house, drivers 0.10 0.17 rest house 5 Truck Parking 3.80 6.54
6 Car parking 0.18 0.31
7 TLD bay, valve change Shed, 30.54 Filled Cylinder store and other 52.60 plant operations 8 Rainwater Harvesting pit 0.025 0.04
9 Green Belt 19.0 32.72
10 Other Utilities (DG set room, 3.88 Fire Engines, Air Compressor house, Fire Water Pump 6.68 House etc) Total 58.06 100 Source: Project Report, IOCL
2.5 Parawada Bottling Plant Facilities There is no manufacturing process involved and the operations carried out will be receipt of LPG by bullet tankers from HPCL Vizag and from Paradip terminal, Orrisa, storage in mounded bullets and filling of LPG into cylinders using carousel and associated systems.
The mounded storage will be in 3 bullets of 600 MT each with a total capacity of 1800 MT. The mounded storage has been recognized as one of the safest form of storage of LPG. The facilities at the LPG bottling plant, Parawada are shown in Table-2.3.
ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory C2-5 Environmental Impact Assessment Study for the Proposed Addition of 3X600 MT Mounded LPG Storage at LPG Bottling Plant at Parawada, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
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Photographs of the Parawada Bottling Plant are shown in Figure-2.1 and plant layout is given in Figure-2.2.
TABLE-2.3(A) FACILITIES AT THE LPG BOTTLING PLANT, PARAWADA
Sr. No. Facility Quantity/Capacity Proposed Existing 1 Storage 3 x 600 MT (mounded bullets) 3 x 600 MT (Mounded Bullet) 2 Loading Bay 8 Bays Nil 3 No. of Carousel 2 carousels Nil 4 LPG Pumps 1 No. 85 M3/Hr Capacity Kirloskar Ebara NIL Pump. 2 Nos. 48 M3/Hr Capacity KSB make Pump.
5 LPG Vapour 3 Nos. 150 CFM Capacity KPCL LPG NIL Compressor Vapour Compressor.
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TABLE-2.3(B) STORAGE DETAILS OF LPG Scenario BP Cap, Bulk Storage Filing Nodal Transfer, Days’ MTPA (MT) MT/day MTPA Cover Standalone BP Operation Existing BP capacity & 120000 1800 500 0 4.5 storage Future BP capacity & 120000 1800 500 0 4.5 existing storage Existing storage 120000 1800 500 0 4.5 With proposed BP 120000 3600 500 0 9 storage
TABLE-2.3(C) FIRE FIGHTING FACILITIES A Fire water storage 2 Nos of 3700 KL capacity Vertical Storage Tanks B Fire water pumps 5 Nos. of 410 Cum / Hr capacity Diesel Driven C Jockey pumps 2 Nos. of 20 CuM/Hr Capacity D Water sprinkler / Deluge system 13 Nos Total DVs. (8”- 2 Nos, 6” – 11 Nos) E Fire Hydrant / monitor distribution 41 Nos Fire Hydrants Points (Double Headed) piping network 30 Nos Fire Hydrant Monitors F DCP & CO2 fire extinguishers 97 Nos DCP Fire Extinguisher (10&9 Kg capacity) 20 Nos CO2 Fire Extinguishers G Gas Monitoring System 37 Nos GAS Monitoring Sensors are available in all operating locations H ILSD ILSD is available as per OISD 144 (11.11.iv) Source: IOCL
The fire fighting facilities will be as per OISD-117, OISD-144 and OISD-150.
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FIGURE-2.1 (A) PHOTOGRAPHS OF EXISTING PARAWADA BOTTLING PLANT
ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory C2-8 Environmental Impact Assessment Study for the Proposed Addition of 3X600 MT Mounded LPG Storage at LPG Bottling Plant at Parawada, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
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FIGURE-2.1 (B) PHOTOGRAPHS OF EXISTING PARAWADA BOTTLING PLANT
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FIGURE-2.2 LAYOUT PLAN
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2.6 Description of Storage Facility Proposed storage facility Mounded Storage Proposed expansion of LPG storage facility is from 1800 MT to 3600 MT by installing 3x600 MT mounded storage unit.
This section describes applied storage, transfer and handling techniques for liquefied gases. Material safety data sheet of LPG is enclosed as Annexure-VI.
Storage of liquefied gas – Mounded Storage (pressurised)
The proposed storage facility of 3x600 MT will be of mounded type – pressurised.
Mounded storage is the term given to the pressurised storage at ambient temperatures of liquefied petroleum gases in horizontal cylindrical tanks placed at or just below ground level and completely covered with suitable backfill. Here it is proposed that 3 tanks to be placed side-by-side under one ‘mound’. Tanks in open underground vaults and excavations are normally not considered to be ‘mounded storage’.
The design aspects of mounded storage projects are in general more complicated than those for aboveground sphere. Attention will be paid to the interaction between the tank and soil, and to corrosion protection to avoid leakages. As it is not intended that mounded tanks will be externally inspected during their lifetimes, attention needs to be given to the external coating and application of a cathodic protection system to minimise the risk of (undetectable) corrosion. The tanks need to be installed above the highest known water table level, and the soil cover, therefore, usually protrudes above ground level as an earth mound – hence the term ‘mounded storage’. The mounded structure is shown in Figure-2.3.
From an external safety point of view, mounded storage for flammable liquefied gases could be considered as fire protection (to prevent ‘boiling liquid expanding vapour explosion’ (BLEVE) from happening).
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FIGURE-2.3 MOUNDED STORAGE STRUCTURE
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Tank Equipment
The following equipment may be installed on a storage tank, depending upon the mode for which it is designed: vents, access hatches, gauge float wells, gauge-hatches/sample wells, rim vents, roof drains, roof legs, un slotted guide pole wells, slotted guide pole/sample wells and vacuum breakers. These fittings accommodate the structural support or provide certain operational functions. The equipment for mounded tanks is given in Table-2.4.
TABLE-2.4 EQUIPMENT FOR MOUNDED TANK Parameter Equipment for mounded tanks Vents Instrumentation Equipment for mounded tanks Access hatches Drains Sealing elements Valves
Description of accessories is given below:
Vents: Pressure relief valves (PVRVs)
Pressure relief valves prevent excessive pressure build-up. These functions may be combined in a pressure relief valve.
In the standard BS 2654 (International Codes), these valves are recommended for use on tanks in which a product with a flashpoint below 38 °C is stored and for use on tanks containing a product that is heated above its flashpoint.
Liquefied gas tanks are always fitted with pressure relief valves. These valves protect the tank against pressure excursions due to process malfunctions or fire conditions.
Instrumentation
Local or remote instrumentation shall be in accordance with appropriate standards; the Institute of Petroleum (IP) Petroleum Measurement Manual and IP Electrical Safety Code will provide specific advice, as well as other codes, standards and guidelines in this field. (Annex 8.1 – International Codes)
Level control and overfill protection
During filling procedures, usually it is insufficient to control and record only the filling level. Because there is a danger of overfilling and consequent soil and water pollution, storage tanks can be equipped with overfill protection so that filling procedures can be interrupted automatically before the maximum authorised level of liquid is reached. Where the filling procedure is not carried out automatically, e.g. when it is carried out manually, the tank is
ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory C2-13 Environmental Impact Assessment Study for the Proposed Addition of 3X600 MT Mounded LPG Storage at LPG Bottling Plant at Parawada, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
Chapter-2 Process Description
normally equipped with an alarm to indicate when the maximum authorised level of liquid is reached. When the alarm goes off, personnel can stop the filling procedure in time.
Pressure relief valves are normally designed so that the vapour flow out of the valve exceeds the flame propagation speed in the vapour, thus preventing flame ingress into the tank. Due to the problems of blockage with flame arresters described above, these are not normally fitted in series with PVRVs – as per (Annex 8.1 – International Codes).
Leak and gas detection Instruments and/or analysers are used to detect liquid and/or gaseous leaks and spillages. A particular case is the verification of the safe working level of contamination in vessels before internal maintenance. The following is a non-exhaustive list of some typical techniques used:
gas leaks can be detected by explosimeters, general purpose organic vapours analysers(OVA) or specific gas analysers; and
Access Hatches
Access hatches at the base of the tank allow access during a shut-down of the tank and to fulfil gas freeing of the tank. This is also the access route where any solids left in the tank are removed during cleaning operations. An access hatch is also usually provided for horizontal tanks (both atmospheric and pressurised) on the top of the tank. Drains
For pressurised storage tanks, the drain systems are normally provided with two manual shut- off ball valves that are separated by at least 600 mm of adequately supported piping with a fall towards the outlet. The two drain valves will be provided to enable simultaneous operation of both valves by a single operator. The downstream valve is normally a quick- acting spring loaded type (spring to close) valve that will operate as a dead man’s handle. The drain outlet point can be lined up to a vapour treatment (i.e. thermal oxidiser) via a vapour knock out vessel.
Sealing Elements
The primary purpose of a seal is to contain the liquid or liquefied gases and prevent or reduce emissions. A significant proportion of fugitive emissions are losses from unsealed sources, including storage tanks, open-ended (non blanketed) lines, pressure-relief valves, vents, flares, blow-down systems and spills. In other cases, these losses may be caused by leaks in the sealing elements of particular items of equipment, such as:
agitators/mixers; compressors; flanges; pumps; tank lids; and Valves.
ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory C2-14 Environmental Impact Assessment Study for the Proposed Addition of 3X600 MT Mounded LPG Storage at LPG Bottling Plant at Parawada, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
Chapter-2 Process Description
Some important causes of leaking losses are:
ill-fitting internal or external sealing elements; installation or construction faults; wear and tear; equipment failure; pollution of the sealing element; and incorrect process conditions.
Valves
Valves are part of both the tank and the transfer system. Leaking losses are generally higher from dynamic equipment (compared to static equipment) and from older equipment. Valves are considered to account for approximately 50 – 60 % of fugitive emissions. Furthermore, the major proportion of fugitive emissions comes from only a small fraction of sources (less than 1 % of valves in gas/vapour service.
Some valves are more likely to leak than others, e.g. valves with rising stems (gate valves, globe valves) are likely to leak more frequently than quarter-turn type valves such as ball and plug valves. Valves which are operated frequently, such as control valves, may wear quickly and allow emission paths to develop. However, newer, low-leak control valves provide good fugitive emissions control performance.
2.7 Operations Description
Design Parameter of Mounded Bullets
The mounded bullets shall be designed in line with OISD -150 specifications and SMPV (U) Rules 1981 and amendments there off. The mechanical design of storage vessel shall be based on ASME SEC. VIII or PD - 5500 or equivalent duly approved by CCE. A single code shall be adopted for design, fabrication, inspection and testing.
Other design parameters:
Materials - Where H2S is not present, ASTM A 516 Gr.70 (IT) or SA 537 C ll (IT) or PD : 5500 or eqv. material shall be used.
Design Temperature:- - 270 C to + 550 C.
Design Pressure - 14.5 Kg/cm2 g (1.42 Mpa) vapour pressure of LPG at top of the vessel (as per IS : 4576 or IS :14861 ) at 550 C.
OTHER CONSIDERATIONS: -
Internal Corrosion Allowance: 1.5 mm (minimum), Radiography: Full, Stress Relieving:100% irrespective of thickness., Earthquake pressure: as per IS: 1893, Hydrotest pressure: As per Design Code.
ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory C2-15 Environmental Impact Assessment Study for the Proposed Addition of 3X600 MT Mounded LPG Storage at LPG Bottling Plant at Parawada, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
Chapter-2 Process Description
Corrosion Protection: - The external surface of the vessels which is covered by mound should be suitably treated to protect it from corrosion. Methods of protection shall include surface coatings and cathodic protection (Impressed current system).
The flow diagram of the LPG operations is shown in Figure-2.4 and P&ID is shown in Figure-2.5.
Process Description
There will be no chemical process involved in the plant. LPG (Liquid Petroleum Gas) will be received through bullet tankers from HPCL Vizag and from Paradip terminal, Orrisa. After receiving, bulk LPG will be stored in isolated storage vessels and then filled into domestic and non-domestic cylinders using electronic carousels and associated systems. The cylinders filled will be checked for quality and then transported with packed trucks to Indane distributors, where filled cylinders are transported to individual customers. The existing plant has 3 mounded bullets of 600 MT capacities each. The additional mounded storage will be in 3 bullets of 600 MT each with a total capacity of 1800 MT.
The process involved the following steps:
Product Receipt LPG from bullet tankers is unloaded in TLD shed comprising of 8 unloading bays. The road tankers are connected to liquid and vapour lines from Bullet by unloading arm provided with excess flow check valve and isolation valve. Road tankers are provided with Roto gauges. Flow indicators are provided in the liquid line leading to Bullets. Vapour line is connected to the compressor through a four way valve. LPG is unloaded from the road tanker by differential pressure method. During LPG unloading, vapour from one storage bullet is sucked and is compressed in LPG compressor. The compressed LPG vapour is fed to bulk tanker to pressurize it and LPG (Liquid) is transferred from the road tanker to the Bullet.
After LPG unloading, the compressor suction is reversed by changing the four way valve position and LPG vapour is recovered from road tanker through the same compressor and discharged to Bullets till the suction pressure of compressor falls from an initial value of 11.6 Kg/cm2 to 2 Kg/cm2.
ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory C2-16 Environmental Impact Assessment Study for the Proposed Addition of 3X600 MT Mounded LPG Storage at LPG Bottling Plant at Parawada, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
Chapter-2 Process Description
LPG Bulk Product Bulk Receipt Transfer to storage in storage Mounded tanks Bullets
Pumping of LPG to
filling
sheds
Bottling of Segregatio Correction LPG in n of Cylinders Defectives
Quality checks in filled cylinders
Loading
the packed cylinders
Supply & Distribution
FIGURE-2.4 PROCESS FLOW CHART
ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory C2-17 Environmental Impact Assessment Study for the Proposed Addition of 3X600 MT Mounded LPG Storage at LPG Bottling Plant at Parawada, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
Chapter-2 Process Description
FIGURE-2.5 PIPING SYSTEM AND INSTRUMENTATION
ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory C2-18 Environmental Impact Assessment Study for the Proposed Addition of 3X600 MT Mounded LPG Storage at LPG Bottling Plant at Parawada, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
Chapter-2 Process Description
TABLE-2.5 FACILITIES AT THE LPG BOTTLING PLANT, PARAWADA Pump Capacity Pump Motor Purpose (Bottling/TT Line Size, inches (m3/hr) Type Rating, KW Loading) Suction Discharge 85 m3/hr Vertical 45 6” 4” 48 m3/hr Horizontal 55 Bottling / TT Unloading 4” 4” 48 m3/hr Horizontal 55 4” 4”
LPG Vapour Compressors 3 nos. of LPG vapour compressors have been provided for unloading of LPG from road tankers by pressurization and thereafter for recovery of LPG vapour from the road tankers when unloading is complete. For proper unloading, the tanker pressure is maintained between 2.00 to 2.50 kg/cm2 above the storage tank pressure. The compressor is equipped with a suction receiver (knock out drum) to trap any condensed liquid.
Unloading of LPG by compressors Compressor is operated to unload a tank truck and it draws the vapour from the storage vessel within the plant, compresses the vapour and discharge into the vapour space of the tanker. This action creates a pressure differential causing liquid to flow from the tanker to the storage vessel.
Air Compressor & Air Drying Unit Non-lubricated screw type Air compressor are provided for supply of compressed air for plant requirement as well as for instrument air at a press of 7 Kg/Cm2a. Compressed air shall be generally required as plant air/service air and a part of the compressed air passes through air drying unit for generation of instrument air at 7 Kg/Cm2a and relative humidity at -15oC. Instrument air is required for LPG handling & filling system, operation of instruments including ROVs and thermal fuse bulbs etc. The air compressor and air drying unit are located away from LPG handling facilities.
LPG Cylinder filling and associated facilities Empty cylinders from empty cylinder storage shed are drawn in the filling shed by chain conveyer. LPG is filled by means of rotary machines called "Carousel". The carousel consists of a turntable frame with running wheels and corresponding rail, a central column for gas and air and a hydraulic driving unit, which rotates the carousel frame. The speed of the driving unit is variable so that the rotation of the carousel can be adapted to various filling capacities. The carousel is equipped with filling guns. LPG filling machine mounted on the carousel works on gross weighing principle.
The machine is preset for the net filling required in the cylinders. The cylinders are placed on the machine and the filling head is connected to the cylinder valve and LPG supply valve opens. The filling machine is adjusted for the respective tare weight of the cylinders. The filling gets automatically cut off when the total gross weight reaches.
Two (each with 24 point) electronic filling machines and cylinder conveyor have been installed for filling of 14.2 kg and 19 kg cylinders. Besides the above this shed also have electronic check scales for weight checking filled cylinders, weight correction unit machines,
ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory C2-19 Environmental Impact Assessment Study for the Proposed Addition of 3X600 MT Mounded LPG Storage at LPG Bottling Plant at Parawada, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
Chapter-2 Process Description
Automatic valve testing machines, test bath for checking any leakage from cylinder bung and body. Hot air sealing machine for sealing of cylinders prior to dispatch and SQC machine for quality checks of cylinders facilities are there in the filling shed. Processed cylinders directly go to loading bays and failed cylinders during testing go to repair/servicing.
Checking of weight and Leak testing After filling, each cylinder is checked for the weight and the cylinders having less or more weight are segregated. The cylinders are checked for valve leakage by Double Compaction Valve Testing (DCVT) and then checking for body and bung leaks by totally submerging cylinders under water. Finally the cylinders are sent to filled cylinder storage via chain conveyers for loading in the trucks.
Air removal from cylinders and LPG vapour filling - Purging Unit This unit is required to fill LPG vapour in cylinders (new and repaired) after sucking the air from cylinders by vacuum pumps. This operation is essential to eliminate the possibility of forming explosive mixture with air. Vacuum is created up to 300 mm of Hg inside the cylinder and then LPG vapour is injected into the cylinder up to a pressure of 1.5 to 2 kg/cm2g before using them for filling.
Evacuation of leaky cylinders LPG is taken out from leaky cylinders and defective valve is replaced in the repairing shed. This unit consists of one LPG vapour compressor, two evacuation vessels and cylinder stand to keep the leaky cylinders in inverted position. Transfer of LPG from leaky cylinders is done by differential pressure method. The liquid collected in a vessel is transferred to AG Bullets by pressurization. Leaky cylinders are further evacuated and thereafter depressurized through cold flare unit before sending for cold repair.
Storage of filled cylinders & transportation Filled cylinders are stacked in the filled cylinder shed near the delivery end as per rules laid `down by OISD/Gas Cylinder Rules, 1981. Filled cylinders are delivered only to the authorized LPG distributors. Drivers of the trucks carrying LPG are having valid license and are having training in safety & fire fighting procedures.
Transport and handling through piping system, handling techniques, specific equipment used and standard operating procedures etc. the details are given below:
Receipt of Empty LPG Cylinders Four Telescopic type unloading bays are provided for unloading of empty cylinders received in trucks at plant. All necessary inspections are carried out after unloading at telescopic conveyor before going for filling. The segregated cylinders are stacked separately and the same undergoes testing/repair.
Dispatch of Filled Cylinders After passing of all tests, the filled cylinders are loaded in Cylinder trucks by using eight Telescopic type loading bays. Packed cylinders are sent to distributors in a truck.
ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory C2-20 Environmental Impact Assessment Study for the Proposed Addition of 3X600 MT Mounded LPG Storage at LPG Bottling Plant at Parawada, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
Chapter-2 Process Description
Tank Lorry Filling Shed Bulk LPG is supplied through Tankers. A eight bay Tank Lorry Decantation/ Filling Shed (TLD) has been provided to load LPG from Storage Vessels to Tank Trucks.
Packed cylinders are delivered in a truck to the market. Bulk is supplied through Tankers. Type of cylinders are filled are 14.2kg/19kg/47.5kg/5kg.
2.8 Resources requirement for the Proposed Project
2.8.1 Land use and Land Ownership The proposed expansion will be carried out in the vacant land of existing plant. Hence, no alternate sites were considered for the project, no change in land use.
The total land required allotted for IOCL is approximately 58.06 Acres. In which 12000 m2 (2.96 Acres) of space is required for proposed 3 mounded bullets, space required for mound (stone pitching) around the bullets with a slope of 1:2, space required for containing the spillages around the mounded bullets to direct it to safe location and 5000 m2 (1.23 Acres) space required for motorable road around the mounded bullets and also the space required for laying the firefighting hydrant network around the mound.
2.8.2 Water requirement
Water required for the proposed expansion is estimated to be 10 KLD. Breakup of existing and proposed water requirement is given in below Table-2.6.
TABLE-2.6 WATER CONSUMPTION Particulars Quantity KLD Existing Proposed Hydraulic testing and washing of 61.0 7 cylinders and firefighting Domestic 4.75 3 Total 65.75 10
2.8.3 Power requirement
The estimated power requirement for the proposed project will be met Andhra Pradesh Electrical Power Distribution Company Ltd/ alternatively DG set will be utilized.
There will be no substantial increase in power requirement due to the proposed project and therefore the existing 350 KVA contract demand with APEPDCL is adequate. However the additional power requirement of about 100 KW during construction phase will be either sourced through temporary construction power connection from APEPDCL or by Diesel generating sets.
2.9 Proposed Schedule and Approval for Implementation The plant activities will be completed in a period of 24 months from the date of receipt of all the approvals from statutory authorities.
ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory C2-21 Environmental Impact Assessment Study for the Proposed Addition of 3X600 MT Mounded LPG Storage at LPG Bottling Plant at Parawada, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
Chapter-2 Process Description
2.10 Utilities and Services
2.10.1 Machinery Stores Adequate storage facilities for machinery spares and other consumables, including an open yard, have been established to meet the requirement of plant.
2.10.2 Workshop Based on the location of the plant, reasonably good workshop facilities have been established, both for mechanical and electrical equipment repairs and maintenance.
2.10.3 Time Office and Security Office The time office and security office complex was well established.
2.10.4 Fire Fighting System For protection system has following: Hydrant system; MV water sprinkler system; Portable fire extinguishers; and Fire hydrant system.
2.10.5 Infrastructure Facilities for Labour Force IOCL Parawada bottling plant has provisions for both workers rest house and drivers’ rest house.
2.10.6 First Aid Room First aid room with one qualified doctor under retainership has been provided for all the workmen.
2.11 Sources of Pollution and Built-in Control Measures
2.11.1 General In the operations, as well as in the auxiliary units, different waste materials will be generated. These waste materials mainly include gaseous emissions, wastewater and solid wastes from the utilities:
The emissions include the dust due to vehicular movement; The main atmospheric pollutant is fugitive emissions; The water in the plant is mainly used for domestic purpose and no process wastewater. The solid waste in the form of sludge is mainly generated will be used as manure.
The various types of pollution from the proposed expansion project are categorized under the following types: Air pollution; Water pollution; Pollution emanating due to solid waste; and Noise pollution
ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory C2-22 Environmental Impact Assessment Study for the Proposed Addition of 3X600 MT Mounded LPG Storage at LPG Bottling Plant at Parawada, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
Chapter-2 Process Description
2.11.2 Air Pollution The following are the potential emission sources while handling the liquid and liquefied gas storage and handling area: Filling; Cleaning; Purging; Disconnecting; Opening; Pressure relief; Fugitive; and Emptying/draining.
Fugitive emissions of VOCs are the major sources of air pollution in storage facilities and from static and dynamic joints and seals used in flanges, pumps, mixers, valve packing and connection joints. In order to minimize the fugitive emissions of VOCs, the following measures are incorporated at design stage:
Minimum number of flanges, valves etc; Provision of leak proof valves like ROSOV/MOV/plug valves; High grade gasket materials Usage of pumps with (single/double) mechanical seals; and
2.11.3 Wastewater Generation Sewage generation is envisaged during operation phase and existing soak pit is will be adequate to cater the sewage load. Sewage from the administration building will be routed to the septic tanks followed by soak pits.
WASTE WATER GENERATION AND DISPOSAL
Description Quantity (m3/day) Disposal/Reuse Existing Proposed Hydraulic testing and 45 4.9 The washing waste water (49.9 m3/day) will washing of cylinders and be treated in ETP (55 KL) and treated water firefighting will be utilized for plantation Domestic effluent 3.8 2.4 Septic tank followed by soak pit
Non-sanitary waste water generated from Mock Fire drill, that too once in a month, shall be passed through vapour trap and reused for plantation/dust suppression. Wastewater generated from cylinder washing will be treated in ETP and used for plantation/Greenbelt The non-contaminated rain water is discharged directly into rain water harvesting pit within the proposed facility. During rainy season, the rain water is discharged through properly designed storm water drain after passing through vapour trap.
ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory C2-23 Environmental Impact Assessment Study for the Proposed Addition of 3X600 MT Mounded LPG Storage at LPG Bottling Plant at Parawada, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
Chapter-2 Process Description
2.11.4 Solid Waste / Sub-Grade Material No process / manufacturing involved. Hence no solid waste generated. Sanitary sludge is used as manure.
Scrap cylinders and other scrap materials are given to MSTC – government authorized scrap dealers. Details of the solid and hazardous generation with their category and its quantity, disposal system are mentioned below:
Non-Hazardous Waste Description Quantity of Waste Generated
Total no. of employees (During operation phase) 145
Assuming per capita solid waste generation rate as 0.20 kg/capita/day
Quantity of solid waste generated 29
Organic solid waste : 60 % of the total waste 17.4
Inorganic solid waste: 40 % of the total waste 11.6
Disposal of domestic solid waste Disposed through municipal trucks.
Hazardous waste
Schedule I Qty (Per Sr. Method of Disposal Category No. Type Month) No. Solid (damaged ~ 50 Sold as scrap metal to dealers 1 cylinders, parts etc.) cylinders/month To be disposed off as per CPCB 2 Sch. 5.1 Used Oil 4 Litres – norms
2.11.5 Noise Levels and Vibration The DG sets are acoustically insulated resulting in reduction of noise as per limits prescribed by State Pollution Control Board. The exhaust pipe from DG sets are above the building as per State Pollution Control norms.
ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory C2-24 Environmental Impact Assessment Study for the Proposed Addition of 3X600 MT Mounded LPG Storage at LPG Bottling Plant at Parawada, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
Chapter-3 Baseline Environmental Status
3.0 BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS
3.1 Introduction Baseline data generation forms a part of the Environmental Impact Assessment study, which helps to evaluate the predicted impacts on the various environmental attributes in the study area by using scientifically developed and widely accepted environmental impact assessment tools. This further helps in preparing an Environment Management Plan (EMP) outlining the measures for improving the environmental quality and scope for future expansions for environmentally sustainable manner. The baseline environmental study also helps to identify the critical environmental attributes, which are required to be monitored after implementation of the project.
Field monitoring studies have been carried out by M/s. Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad, NABL accredited laboratory, to ascertain the baseline status of the project site during the period of March 1st, 2017 to May 31st, 2017. Secondary data was collected from various government, semi-government and public sector bodies.
3.2 Geology and Hydrogeology
3.2.1 Geomorphology
Geomorphologically the district can be divided into three regions, viz., northern hilly terrain with valleys, middle pediplains and alluvial coastal plains. The northern half of the district is mainly occupied by the structural hills and valleys, which is part of the Eastern Ghats. The hill range trends parallel to coast. The average altitude of hills is over 900 m amsl. The hills are densely forested. By virtue of their topography, these hilly terrains largely form run off areas and are not suitable for ground water development. The valley fill areas underlain by weathered formations in the Araku and Paderu areas possess high infiltration and high permeability. These areas form good to moderate aquifers depending on their thickness. The hard rock terrain exposed in the Tandava-Varaha-Sarada-Gosthani river basins constitutes the vast denudational pediplains, exhibiting the gradational phase of denudational-residual- inselberg–pediment areas. Pediment is well developed around the khondalite outcrops, whereas in the charnockite outcrops, it is not extensively developed. The pediment area accelerates surface run off with moderate to less infiltration along the jointed and weathered zone. The Tandava, Varaha, Sarada and Gosthani rivers and their tributaries have contributed to the formation of extensive flood plain areas. There is not much surface drainage in the plains because of the high infiltration and permeable characteristics of the sediments. The district has a coastline of about 132 km. The coastal plain is a feature of the marine deposition, which is very extensive, wide and even extends to several kilometers inland. The coastline is broken by a number of bold headlands, which protect the land against constant erosion by the sea.
3.2.2 Drainage
The most important rivers drained in the district are Machikund, Tandava, Varaha, Sarada and Gostani. Most of the rivers are ephemeral in nature. However, some of the tributaries of Machikund are perennial with indications of substantial ground water discharge. Almost all
ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory C3-1 Environmental Impact Assessment Study for the Proposed Addition of 3X600 MT Mounded LPG Storage at LPG Bottling Plant at Parawada, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
Chapter-3 Baseline Environmental Status
the rivers and streams experience flash floods during rainy season. A good number of springs exist in Paderu and Araku areas. The district is characterized by sub-dendritic to dendritic nature of drainage pattern and is of coarse texture. In general the density is in the range of 0.6 to 1/Km2. Many of the hill streams in Paderu valley disappear on entering the plains due to high permeability of the pediment gravels. The disappearance of streams in and along the hill slopes is contributing to the ground water, which is again discharged through the silty soils at lower elevations.
3.2.3 Geology
The district is underlain by variety of geological formations from the oldest Archaeans to Recent Alluvium. The Archaean group of rocks includes Khondalites and Charnockites of Eastern Ghat super group and Granitic gneisses of Migmatite group. The Gondwana rocks which are represented by sandstones are in very limited aerial extent. The recent alluvium is prevalent along the rivers. Prominent lineaments are trending in NE-SW, NW-SE and ENE- WSW.
2.3.4 Hydrogeology
The hydrogeological study is to understand the local geology, geomorphic features, drainage network, aquifer characteristics and yield of water. Accordingly, various components control the hydrogeological regime. The Hydrogeology map of the Visakhapatnam district is given in Figure-3.2.1.
ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory C3-2 Environmental Impact Assessment Study for the Proposed Addition of 3X600 MT Mounded LPG Storage at LPG Bottling Plant at Parawada, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
Chapter-3 Baseline Environmental Status
IOCL Plant Site
FIGURE-3.2.1 HYDROGEOLOGY MAP OF THE VISAKHAPATNAM DISTRICT
ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory C3-3 Environmental Impact Assessment Study for the Proposed Addition of 3X600 MT Mounded LPG Storage at LPG Bottling Plant at Parawada, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
Chapter-3 Baseline Environmental Status
Occurrence of ground water
Ground water systems are a result of the complex combination of different lithological and structural types within an area that together constitute an aquifer within which ground water accumulates and moves. Rather than describing individual lithologies and their tendencies to form aquifers or otherwise, it is useful to describe the ground water as one continuous across various lithological types (Kulkarni and Deolankar, 1995).
Ground water occurs in almost all geological formations. From the ground water point of view, the aquifers in the district can be broadly classified into hard formations (khondalites, charnockites, granitic gneisses etc.) and soft formations (sand stones and alluvium). Ground water occurs under unconfined to semi- confined conditions in the hard formations, while it occurs under unconfined to confined conditions in soft formations. The yields in the weathered zones of hard formations range from 25 to 100 m3/day. The bore wells drilled in the hard formations, generally tap the fractured and fissured zones. The yields of the bore wells in these formations range between 5 to 25 m3/hr. Sand stones are exposed in the small isolated places around Nakkavanipalem and Elamanchili. In these formations, ground water occurs under both unconfined and confined conditions. The depth of dug wells in alluvium formations ranges from 2 to 10 m bgl and the yields generally ranges from 40 to 250 m3/day. The depth of filter points/tube wells varies from 9 to 35 m with discharges ranging from 15 to 30 m3/hour.
The transmissivity values of the aquifers in the consolidated formations generally vary from 1 to 772 m2/day, whereas specific capacity ranges from 1 to 290 lpm/mdd.
Depth to Water Level
As per the CGWB report September-2013 of the district, the depth to water level during Pre- monsoon (May, 2012), in general, the water levels are deep particularly in the hilly area of the district. Depth to water levels varies from 5 to 10 m bgl, except at Chintapalli, where water level recorded 15.78 m bgl. In the southern part of the district i.e., near to the coast, the water levels are comparatively shallow (<5.00 m) except in Payakaraopeta and Nakkapalli mandals where it is in between 5 and 10 m bgl. The depth to Water Level in pre- monsoon (May, 2012) map of the district is given in Figure-3.2.2.
During the post monsoon period (November, 2012), in general, the water levels follow nearly same trend. Water levels in the most part of northern area show less than 5 m. except at Potinamallaya Palem (5.80 m). The Shallow water levels, <2m, were observed in South- Western part of the district. The shallow water level was recorded at Addaroddu (0.30 m). The shallow water levels in the area might be due to location of wells close to surface water bodies/ in topographic low levels. The depth to water level in post-monsoon (November, 2012) map of the district is given in Figure-3.2.3.
From the trend of both pre and post monsoon levels it can be safely concluded that the area, in general, is not prone to water logging. The seasonal water level fluctuation varies from 0.03 m. (G.K.veedhi) to 14.22 m (Chintapallii). In general, the seasonal fluctuation is more in the hilly area compared to coastal plains.
ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory C3-4 Environmental Impact Assessment Study for the Proposed Addition of 3X600 MT Mounded LPG Storage at LPG Bottling Plant at Parawada, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
Chapter-3 Baseline Environmental Status
IOCL Plant
Site
FIGURE-3.2.2 DEPTH TO WATER LEVEL IN PRE-MONSOON (MAY, 2012) MAP OF THE DISTRICT
ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory C3-5 Environmental Impact Assessment Study for the Proposed Addition of 3X600 MT Mounded LPG Storage at LPG Bottling Plant at Parawada, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
Chapter-3 Baseline Environmental Status
IOCL Plant Site
FIGURE-3.2.3 DEPTH TO WATER LEVEL IN POST-MONSOON (NOV, 2012) MAP OF THE DISTRICT
Water level fluctuation between decadal mean of May (2001–2010) Vs May 2012 shows a total number of 34 wells show rise in water levels between 0.03 m to 4.65 m and water level fall in 03 wells between 0.20 m to 4.00 m.
Water level fluctuation between decadal mean of November (2001-2010) Vs November, 2012 shows water level rise in 15 wells ranging from 0.02 to 1.37 m and fall in 19 w1ells ranging from 0.10 in to 3.69 m.
The water table elevation ranges between <1 m amsl (Bheemunipatnam) and 927 m amsl (Dimbriguda). The water table contours are almost parallel to the topographic contours. The general ground water flow direction is towards southeast directing towards the sea.
3.2.5 Ground Water Resources
The main source of ground water recharge is by the rainfall by direct percolation to the zone of saturation. A significant part of the rainfall is lost as runoff from area while a limited percentage of rainfall therefore reaches zone of saturation and becomes the part of ground water storage after meeting the evaporation and evapo-transpiration losses. There is also
ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory C3-6 Environmental Impact Assessment Study for the Proposed Addition of 3X600 MT Mounded LPG Storage at LPG Bottling Plant at Parawada, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
Chapter-3 Baseline Environmental Status
ground water recharge from the return flow of irrigation water from dug wells and tube wells operated by the cultivators and from canals.
The dynamic groundwater resources of Visakhapatnam district has been estimated jointly by CGWB and SWID. Govt of Andhra Pradesh, following the norms laid down by GEC-1997 methodology and projected as on 31.03.2011 is given in Table-3.2.1 and the dynamic groundwater resources of Parawada tehsil as on March-2009 is given in Table-3.2.2.
TABLE-3.2.1 THE DYNAMIC GROUNDWATER RESOURCES OF VISAKHAPATNAM DISTRICT
Sr. Particulars Quantity No (HAM) 1 Total Annual Replenishable Ground Water Resources 186430 2 Natural Discharge during Non-Monsoon Period 18064 3 Net Annual Ground Water Availability 168366 4 Total Annual Ground Water Draft 119797 5 Projected demand for Domestic and Industrial uses upto 2025 18852 6 Net Ground Water Availability for Future Irrigation use 47361 7 Stage of Ground Water Development (%) 71 (“Semi- Critical”) Source: Dynamic Ground Water Resources of India July-2014
TABLE-3.2.2 THE DYNAMIC GROUNDWATER RESOURCES OF PARAWADA MANDAL
Sr. Particulars Quantity No (HAM) 1 Net annual ground water availability 1459 2 Existing gross ground water draft for all uses 486 3 Ground water balance 973 4 Stage of Ground Water Development (%) 33 (“SAFE”) Source: CGWB report September-2013 of Visakhapatnam district
3.3 Land Use Studies
Studies on land use aspects of eco-system play important roles for identifying sensitive issues, if any, and taking appropriate actions for maintaining the ecological balance in the development of the region.
3.3.1 Objectives
The objectives of land use studies are:
To determine the present land use pattern;
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To analyze the impacts on land use due to Proposed Project activities in the study area; and To give recommendations for optimizing the future land use pattern vis-a-vis growth of proposed Project activities in the study area and its associated impacts.
3.3.2 Methodology
For the study of land use, literature review of various secondary sources such as District Census Handbooks, regional maps regarding topography, zoning settlement, industry, forest etc., were taken. The data was collected from various sources like District Census Handbook, Revenue records, state and central government offices and Survey of India (SOI) Topo-sheets and also through primary field surveys.
3.3.3 Land use Based on Secondary Data
Based on the census report, 10 km radial distance around this proposed project has been considered in the study. These areas were studied in detail to get the idea of land use pattern in the study area. The land use census data 2011 is presented in Table-3.3.1. The village wise land use data is presented in Annexure-VII.
TABLE-3.3.1 LAND USE PATTERN IN THE STUDY AREA (In Hectares) Sr. No. Particulars of Land use 0-3 km 3-7 km 7-10 km 0-10 km (%) 1 Forest Area 0 47 11 58 0.25 2 Land under Cultivation a) Irrigation Land 262 1327 2370 3959 17.47 b) Un Irrigated Land 375 3055 2325 5755 25.40 c) Land Under 466 1227 1024 2717 11.99 Miscellaneous Tree Crops etc. Area 3 Area not Available for Cultivation a)Area under Non- 802 2961 1327 5090 22.46 Agricultural Uses b)Barren & Un-cultivable 583 2456 1196 4235 18.71 Land c)Permanent Pastures and 137 174 150 461 2.03 Other Grazing Land 4 Culturable Waste Land 100 157 126 383 1.69
Forest Land
Forest land means land of any description falling with in any area and includes unclassified forests, un-emarcated forests, existing or deemed forests, protected forests, reserved forests, ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory C3-8 Environmental Impact Assessment Study for the Proposed Addition of 3X600 MT Mounded LPG Storage at LPG Bottling Plant at Parawada, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
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sanctuaries and national parks. The revenue forest land under the study area consists 58.0 ha (0.25 %) of the total geographic area.
Land under Cultivation
Altogether 12,431 ha cultivable land (irrigated, un-irrigated and Land Under miscellaneous tree crops etc.) was observed in the study area. The irrigated land measures to about 3959 ha in the study area which works out to be 17.47% of total study area. The un-irrigated land admeasures about 5755 ha and works out to about 25.40 % of the total study area. Land under miscellaneous tree crops area admeasures to about 2717 ha and works out 11.99 % of the total study area.
Culturable Waste Land
All lands available for cultivation whether not taken up for cultivation or taken up for cultivation once but not cultivated during the current year and the last five years or more in succession for one reason or the other. Such lands may be either wholly or partly covered with shrubs and jungles, which are not put to any use. Land once cultivated but not cultivated for five years in succession are also included in this category. The study area comprises about 1.69% culturable wastelands.
*Note: Anakapalle Municipal Corporation area is about 2328 ha (7.40%) and Greater Visakhapatnam Municipal Corporation area is about (20.42%) based on administrative atlas Andhra Pradesh Volume I 2011.
3.4 Meteorology The meteorological data helps for appropriate interpretation of the baseline status of the study area as well as for input into prediction models to evaluate air quality dispersion. Chronological data on meteorological parameters also plays an important role in identifying the general meteorological regime of the region. The year may broadly be divided into four seasons: Winter season : December to February Pre-monsoon season : March to May Monsoon season : June to September Post-monsoon season : October to November
3.4.1 Methodology The methodology adopted for monitoring surface observations is as per the standard norms laid down by Bureau of Indian Standards (IS: 8829) and India Meteorological Department (IMD). Automatic Meteorological station has been installed near to the proposed expansion plant. The parameters recorded along with frequency of recording are given in Table-3.4.1.
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TABLE-3.4.1 MET PARAMETERS MONITORING FREQUENCY Sr. Parameters Frequency Remark Detection No Limit 1 Wind speed Hourly Automatic sensor records max/min ± 0.02 m/s & avg 2 Wind Hourly As above ± 3 degrees direction 3 Temp Hourly As above +/- 2 C 4 RH Hourly As above +/- 3% 5 Rainfall Daily Recorded daily at 08.30 AM 0.2 mm 6 Cloud cover Daily Based on the Cloud cover -- 7 Storm Daily Based on the wind speed data --
3.4.1.1Methodology of Data Generation The Central Monitoring Station (CMS) equipped with automatic sensor monitoring equipment to record hourly wind speed, direction, relative humidity and temperature was set up near the proposed expansion plant site. Data on cloud cover and storms is recorded by visual observation. Rainfall is monitored daily by rain gauge.
Hourly average values of wind speed, direction and temperature were recorded continuously at the site during study period.
3.4.1.2 Secondary Data Collected from IMD Visakhapatnam Secondary meteorological data was collected from the nearest IMD station- Visakhapatnam. Chronological data for the past 10 years has been collected and analyzed to interpret the historical meteorological conditions prevailing in the territory.
India Meteorological Department – IMD Visakhapatnam India Meteorological Department has been monitoring surface observations at– Visakhapatnam on Atmospheric Pressure, temperature, relative humidity, rainfall, wind speed and direction twice a day viz., at 0830 and 1730 hrs. The data for the above-specified parameters has been collected for ten years (2001-2010) and processed. Data on cloud cover is compiled from the climatological tables of the IMD station at Visakhapatnam. Windroses for all the seasons of IMD Visakhapatnam are given in Figure-3.4.1 to Figure-3.4.5.
3.4.2 Synthesis of Data on Climatic Conditions
3.4.2.1 Analysis of the Data Recorded at IMD- Visakhapatnam 1) Temperature The winter season starts from December and continues till the end of February. January is the coldest month with the highest daily maximum temperature at 31.1°C with the lowest daily minimum temperature is observed in January as 14.4°C. Both the day and night temperatures increase rapidly during the onset of pre-monsoon season from March to May. During pre- monsoon season the highest maximum temperature (May) is observed at 40.1°C with the lowest minimum temperature (March) at 19.5°C. The highest maximum temperature in the monsoon season was observed to be 40.4°C during June whereas the lowest minimum temperature was observed to be 23.3°C during September. By the end of September with the onset of Post- ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory C3-10 Environmental Impact Assessment Study for the Proposed Addition of 3X600 MT Mounded LPG Storage at LPG Bottling Plant at Parawada, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
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monsoon, day temperatures decrease slightly with the highest maximum temperature at 34.6°C during October and the lowest minimum temperature was observed to be 17.5°C during November. The monthly variations of temperatures are presented in Table-3.4.2.
2) Relative Humidity The air is generally humid in the region especially during pre-monsoon when the average relative humidity is observed around 66 to 71%. In the monsoon period the relative humidity ranges between 69% and 79%. During the post-monsoon season the mean humidity is observed between 68% and 75%. During winter season the mean humidity is observed ranging from 64% to 76%. The monthly mean variations in relative humidity are presented in Table-3.4.2. 3) Atmospheric Pressure The atmospheric pressure is observed in the range of 998.8 to 1016.3 mb. The maximum pressure (1016.3 mb) is observed during the winter season, in the month of December. It can be observed from the data that not many variations are observed in the average atmospheric pressure levels. The pressure levels are found to be fairly constant over the region. The monthly variations in the pressure levels are presented in Table-3.4.2.
TABLE-3.4.2 CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA STATION: IMD, VISAKHAPATNAM (1971-2000)
Month Atmospheric Temperature Relative Rainfall Pressure (mb) (0C) Humidity (%) (mm) 0830 1730 Max Min 0830 1730 January 1015.9 1012.7 31.6 14.4 76 65 7.4 February 1014.2 1010.8 34.3 16.8 75 65 13.8 March 1012.0 1008.4 37.3 19.5 71 66 6.6 April 1009.2 1005.4 37.8 22.2 68 70 24.2 May 1005.4 1002.0 40.1 23.1 68 69 45.3 June 1001.7 998.8 40.4 23.9 72 69 117.7 July 1002.2 999.5 37.0 23.7 78 73 128.2 August 1002.9 1000.0 36.2 23.8 78 74 161.4 September 1006.3 1003.3 35.5 23.3 79 77 171.9 October 1010.3 1007.3 34.6 21.5 75 73 194.7 November 1013.5 1010.7 32.7 17.5 69 68 73.5 December 1016.3 1013.3 31.1 14.8 69 64 6.0 Range 998.8 – 1016.3 14.4-40.4 64-79 950.7
4) Rainfall The monthly total annual rainfall based on the IMD data is 950.7 mm. The monsoon generally sets in during the first week of June. About 81% of the rainfall is received during the monsoon. The rainfall gradually decreases after October. The maximum rainfall was observed in the month of October (194.7 mm). Annual and monthly variations are presented in Table-3.4.2.
3.4.2.2 Analysis of Meteorological Data Recorded at the Project Site The recorded meteorological data during study period has been processed for calculating the monthly averages and presented in Table-3.4.3. Site specific windrose is shown in Figure- 3.4.6. ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory C3-11 Environmental Impact Assessment Study for the Proposed Addition of 3X600 MT Mounded LPG Storage at LPG Bottling Plant at Parawada, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
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TABLE-3.4.3 SUMMARY OF FIELD MET DATA: PRE-MONSOON-2017 Month Temp, Relative Rainfall, mm Cloud Cover, 0C Humidity, % Octas Max Min 0830 1730 March 2017 35.6 25.8 79 73 3 2/8 April 2017 37.9 26.4 83 76 7 2/8 May 2017 43.2 29.3 87 81 6 4/8 Range 25.8-43.2 73-87 Total= 16 --
1) Temperature Maximum temperature of 43.2oC and minimum temperature of 25.80C was recorded during the study period. Maximum temperature was observed during the month of May and the minimum temperature was observed during March.
2) Relative Humidity During the period of observation, the relative Humidity recorded ranged during day time ranged from 87% to 79% and in the evenings 73% to 81% was recorded.
3) Rainfall Total rainfall observed was 16 mm during the study period.
4) Cloud Cover Skies were partially cloudy during the study period.
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MARCH APRIL
MAY
FIGURE-3.4.1 WIND ROSE-PRE-MONSOON (IMD-VISAKHAPATNAM)
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JUNE JULY
AUGUST SEPTEMBER
FIGURE-3.4.2 WIND ROSE-MONSOON (IMD- VISAKHAPATNAM)
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OCTOBER
NOVEMBER
FIGURE-3.4.3 WIND ROSE-POST MONSOON (IMD- VISAKHAPATNAM)
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DECEMBER JANUARY
FEBRUARY
FIGURE-3.4.4 WIND ROSE-WINTER (IMD-VISAKHAPATNAM)
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FIGURE-3.4.5 WIND ROSE-ANNUAL (IMD- VISAKHAPATNAM)
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NN
W 1.4% NW 1.2% N 2.0% E 1.2% NN WN W NE 1.2% 1.6% .2% ENE 1 W 2.9% C - 7.2% E 1.4% ESE 1.0 SE 1.4% % WSW 3.5% SSE 1.9 %
S 6.6%
.0% 21
SW S
SCALE 5% .2% SPEED CALM SW 43 1.05 1119 >19 Km/hr
FIGURE-3.4.6 SITE SPECIFIC WINDROSE (MARCH-MAY 2017)
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3.5 Ambient Air Quality The ambient air quality with respect to the study area around the proposed expansion plant area forms the baseline information. The various sources of air pollution in the region are industrial, traffic, urban and rural activities. This will also be useful for assessing the conformity to standards of the ambient air quality during plant operation.
This section describes the selection of sampling locations, methodology adopted for sampling, analytical techniques and frequency of sampling. The results of monitoring carried out for study period 1st March 2017–31st May 2017 representing pre-monsoon season are presented in Annexure-VIII.
3.5.1 Methodology Adopted for Air Quality Survey 3.5.1.1 Selection of Sampling Locations The baseline status of the ambient air quality has been assessed through a scientifically designed ambient air quality monitoring network. The designs of monitoring network in the air quality surveillance programme have been based on the following considerations:
Meteorological conditions on synoptic basis; Topography of the study area; Representatives of regional background air quality for obtaining baseline status; and Representatives of likely impact areas.
Ambient Air Quality Monitoring (AAQM) stations were set up at eight locations. Table-3.5.1 gives the details of environmental setting around each monitoring station. The location of the selected stations with reference to the plant area is given in the same table and shown in Figure- 3.5.1.
3.5.1.2 Frequency and Parameters for Sampling Ambient air quality monitoring has been carried out with a frequency of two days per week during study period. The baseline data of air environment was monitored for parameters mentioned below as per revised MoEF notification dated 16th November 2009: Particulate Matter (PM10); Particulate Matter (PM2.5) Sulphur Dioxide (SO2); Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx); Carbon Monoxide (CO); Ozone (O3); Ammonia (NH3); Benzene (C6H6); Benzo(a) pyrene (BaP); Arsenic (As); Nickel (Ni); and Lead (Pb).
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3.5.1.3 Sampling and Analytical Techniques Respirable dust samplers APM-460 BL attached with APM-151 instruments have been used for sampling of respirable fraction (<10 microns) and gaseous pollutants like SO2 and NOx.
PM10 (<10) present in ambient air is drawn through the cyclone. Coarse and non-respirable dust (>10) is separated from the air stream by centrifugal forces acting on the solid particles. These separated particulates fall through the cyclone’s conical hopper and collect in the sampling cup placed at the bottom of the cyclone. The fine dust (<10 microns) forming the respirable fraction passes through the cyclone and is retained by the filter paper.
A tapping is provided on the suction side of the blower to provide suction for sampling air through a set of impingers. Samples of gases are drawn at a flow rate of 0.2 lpm. The air samples were analyzed as per standard methods specified in IS: 5182. Duration of Sampling The sampling duration for PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and NOx is twenty-four hourly continuous samples per day and CO and O3 are sampled for 8 hours continuously thrice a day. This is to allow a comparison with the present revised standards mentioned in the latest Gazette Notification of the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) (16th November 2009).
3.5.1.4 Method of Analysis The air samples were analyzed as per standard methods specified by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), IS: 5184 and American Public Health Association (APHA).
3.5.1.5 Instruments used for Sampling Dust samplers of Envirotech instruments were used for monitoring PM10 (<10 microns), PM2.5 and gaseous pollutants like SO2 and NOx. Glass tubes were deployed for collection of grab samples of carbon monoxide. Gas Chromatography techniques have been used for the estimation of CO.
3.5.1.6 Sampling and Analytical Techniques The techniques used for ambient air quality monitoring and minimum detectable levels are given in Table-3.5.2.
TABLE-3.5.1 DETAILS OF AAQ MONITORING LOCATIONS Station Code Name of the Station Distance Direction AAQ1 Plant Site - - AAQ2 Anakapalle 6.8 WNW AAQ3 Gannuvanipalem 3.8 N AAQ4 lankalapalem 3.2 NE AAQ5 Chinna Gorlavanipalem 4.6 SE AAQ6 Parawada 4.3 S AAQ7 Tanam 1.6 SSW AAQ8 Rajupeta 6.0 SW
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TABLE-3.5.2 TECHNIQUES USED FOR AAQ ANALYSES Parameters Minimum Detectable Method Limit 3 Sulphur dioxide (SO2) 4.0 g/m Modified West and Gaeke Method 3 Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) 9.0 g/m Sodium Arsenite Method 3 PM10 (Respirable Particulate 5.0 g/m Respirable dust sampler/ High volume Matter) sampling (Gravimetric) 3 PM2.5 (Particulate matter size 5.0 g/m FRM method/ Low volume sampling <2.5 µm) (Gravimetric) 3 Ammonia (NH3) 20 g/m Indophenol Blue method Carbonmonoxide (CO) (3 x 8 12.5 g/m3 Absorption and extraction followed by GC- hr) MS analysis 3 Ozone (O3) (3 x 8 hr) 2.0 g/m Spectrophotometric method 3 Benzene (C6H6) 1.0 g/m Adsorption and desorption followed by GC- MS analysis Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) 0.1 ng/m3 Solvent extraction followed by GC-MS analysis Lead (Pb) GFFA/ICP-MS – AAS / ICP-MS method after sampling on 0.001 g/m3 EPM filter paper Nickel (Ni) GFFA/ICP-MS – 1.0 AAS / ICP-MS method after sampling on ng/m3 EPM filter paper Arsenic (As) GFFA/ICP-MS - 1.0 AAS / ICP-MS method after sampling on ng/m3 EPM filter paper
3.5.1.7 Duration of Sampling The duration of sampling of PM10, PM2.5, SO2, and NOx was each twenty four hourly continuous sampling per day and CO and Ozone was sampled for 8 hours continuous thrice in 24 hour duration monitoring. The monitoring was conducted for two days in a week for three months. This is to allow a comparison with the present revised standards mentioned in the latest Gazette Notification of the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) (16th November 2009). The ambient air quality parameters along with their frequency of sampling are given in Table-3.5.3.
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FIGURE-3.5.1 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY SAMPLING LOCATIONS
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TABLE-3.5.3 MONITORED PARAMETERS AND FREQUENCY OF SAMPLING Parameters Sampling Frequency Particulate Matter(PM10) 24 hourly sample twice a week for three months Respirable Particulate 24 hourly sample twice a week for three months Matter(PM2.5) Sulphur dioxide (SO2) 24 hourly samples twice a week for three months Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) 24 hourly samples twice a week for three months Carbon Monoxide (CO) 8 hourly samples for 24 hour twice a week for three months Ozone (O3) 8 hourly samples for 24 hour twice a week for three months Ammonia, NH3 8 hourly samples for 24 hour twice a week for three months Benzene, C6H6 8 hourly samples for 24 hour twice a week for three months Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) 8 hourly samples for 24 hour twice a week for three months Arsenic (As) 8 hourly samples for 24 hour twice a week for three months Nickel (Ni) 8 hourly samples for 24 hour twice a week for three months Lead (Pb) 8 hourly samples for 24 hour twice a week for three months
3.5.2 Presentation of AAQ Data The survey results for the three months study period pre-monsoon season 2017 are presented in detail in Annexure-VIII. Various statistical parameters like 98th percentile, average, maximum and minimum values have been computed from the observed raw data for all the AAQ monitoring stations. The summary of these results for each location are presented in Table- 3.5.4. These are compared with the standards prescribed by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) for industrial and rural /residential zone.
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TABLE-3.5.4(A) SUMMARY OF AMBIENT AIR QUALITY RESULTS – PRE-MONSOON SEASON (2017) 3 3 3 3 Station Name of the PM10 (g/m ) PM2.5 (g/m ) SO2 (g/m ) NOx (g/m ) Code Location Min Max Avg 98th Min Max Avg 98th Min Max Avg 98th Min Max Avg 98th %le %le %le %le AAQ1 Plant Area 52.7 63.4 57.1 62.4 42.3 49.5 44.9 49.2 16.8 21.4 19.6 21.4 25.1 28.9 26.7 28.7 AAQ2 Anakapalle 51.2 62.7 56.4 62.6 42.1 48.4 44.6 47.3 14.5 19.3 17.3 19.3 24.3 28.2 26.8 28.2 AAQ3 Gannuvanipalem 51.5 62.2 55.8 61.2 41.3 47.7 43.9 47.7 12.9 17.5 15.6 17.5 18.2 22.6 20.7 22.6 AAQ4 lankalapalem 54.1 64.8 58.5 63.8 42.8 50.2 45.4 49.7 12.2 16.9 14.9 16.8 17.1 21.4 19.5 21.4 AAQ5 Chinna 46.3 59.4 53.2 59.0 37.5 45.6 41.6 44.6 14.1 18.3 16.5 18.3 18.3 22.8 20.7 22.8 Gorlavanipalem AAQ6 Parawada 50.1 60.9 54.6 60.9 42.2 47.8 44.2 47.3 15.5 20.1 18.3 20.1 22.2 25.4 23.7 25.4 AAQ7 Tanam 45.5 57.4 49.8 56.8 40.4 43.9 42.0 43.8 11.1 14.8 12.8 14.7 16.4 20.1 18.1 19.8 AAQ8 Rajupeta 41.9 49.3 45.9 49.3 38.6 43.5 40.4 43.1 10.6 13.4 12.3 13.4 14.2 16.9 15.4 16.8 Study Area Range 41.9-64.8 37.5-50.2 10.6-21.4 14.2-28.9
TABLE-3.5.4(B) SUMMARY OF AMBIENT AIR QUALITY RESULTS – PRE-MONSOON SEASON (2017) 3 3 3 3 Station Name of the CO (g/m ) Ozone (g/m ) Ammonia, NH3 (g/m ) Lead (Pb) (g/m ) Code Location Min Max Avg 98th Min Max Avg 98th Max Min Avg 98th Max Min Avg 98th %le %le %le %le AAQ1 Plant Area 335 396 366 394 5.1 8.7 6.5 8.3 <20.0 <20.0 <20.0 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 AAQ2 Anakapalle 446 507 477 505 6.8 10.3 8.0 9.9 <20.0 <20.0 <20.0 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 AAQ3 Gannuvanipalem 461 526 490 517 6.4 10.9 7.9 10.5 <20.0 <20.0 <20.0 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 AAQ4 lankalapalem 405 470 433 461 5.3 9.6 7.1 9.5 <20.0 <20.0 <20.0 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 AAQ5 Chinna 412 477 441 468 5.2 9.5 6.7 9.4 <20.0 <20.0 <20.0 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 Gorlavanipalem AAQ6 Parvada 290 351 321 349 5.6 8.8 7.0 8.7 <20.0 <20.0 <20.0 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 AAQ7 Tanam 313 372 339 369 5.8 9.0 7.2 8.9 <20.0 <20.0 <20.0 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 AAQ8 Rajupeta 302 363 330 360 4.6 7.8 6.0 7.7 <20.0 <20.0 <20.0 <20.0 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 Study Area Range 290-526 4.6-10.9 <20.0 <0.001 ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory C3-24 Environmental Impact Assessment Study for the Proposed Addition of 3X600 MT Mounded LPG Storage at LPG Bottling Plant at Parawada, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
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TABLE-3.5.4(C) SUMMARY OF AMBIENT AIR QUALITY RESULTS – PRE-MONSOON SEASON (2017) 3 3 3 3 Station Name of the Location Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) (ng/m ) Arsenic (As) (g/m ) Ni (g/m ) Benzene, C6H6 (g/m ) Code Max Min Avg 98th Max Min Avg 98th Max Min Avg 98th Max Min Avg 98th %le %le %le %le AAQ1 Plant Area <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 AAQ2 Anakapalle <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 AAQ3 Gannuvanipalem <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 AAQ4 lankalapalem <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 AAQ5 Chinna Gorlavanipalem <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 AAQ6 Parvada <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 AAQ7 Tanam <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 AAQ8 Rajupeta <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 Study Area Range <0.01 <0.001 <0.001 <0.01
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3.5.2.1 Observations of Primary Data The observations for pre monsoon season-2017 are summarized below:
Particulate Matter (PM10): A maximum value of 64.8 g/m3 was observed at Lankalapalem (AAQ4) and minimum value of 41.9 g/m3 was observed at Rajupeta (AAQ8).
PM2.5: A maximum value of 50.2 g/m3 was observed at Lankalaplem (AAQ4) and minimum value of 37.5 g/m3 was observed at Chinna Gorlavanipalem (AAQ5).
Sulphur Dioxide (SO2): 3 Maximum concentration of SO2 is observed to be 21.4 g/m at Plant area (AAQ1) and minimum value of 10.6 g/m3 observed at Rajupeta (AAQ8).
Oxides of Nitrogen (NOX): 3 Maximum concentration of NOx is observed to be 28.9 g/m at Plant area (AAQ1) and minimum value of 14.2 g/m3 observed at Rajupeta (AAQ8).
Carbon Monoxide (CO): The CO concentrations in the region are observed to be well under the limits of 2000 g/m3 applicable for residential areas as specified by CPCB standards.
Ozone (O3): The O3 concentrations in the region are observed to be well under the limits as specified by CPCB standards.
Ammonia (NH3): Concentrations in the region are observed to be below detectable limits as specified by CPCB standards.
Lead (Pb): Concentrations in the region are observed to be below detectable limits as specified by CPCB standards.
Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP): PAH concentrations in the region are observed to be below detectable limits as specified by CPCB standards.
Arsenic (As): Concentrations in the region are observed to be below detectable limits as specified by CPCB standards.
Nickel (Ni): Concentrations in the region are observed to be below detectable limits as specified by CPCB standards.
Benzene (C6H6): Benzene values in all the locations are observed less than 0.01 g/m3. ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory C3-26 Environmental Impact Assessment Study for the Proposed Addition of 3X600 MT Mounded LPG Storage at LPG Bottling Plant at Parawada, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
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3.6 Water Quality Selected water quality parameters of surface and ground water resources in the study area have been studied for assessing the water environment and evaluate anticipated impact of the plant. Understanding the water quality is essential in preparation of Environmental Impact Assessment and to identify critical issues with a view to suggest appropriate mitigation measures for implementation.
The purpose of this study is to: Assess the water quality characteristics for critical parameters; Evaluate the impacts on agricultural productivity, habitat conditions, recreational resources and aesthetics in the vicinity; and Predict impact on water quality by this project and related activities.
The information required has been collected through primary surveys and secondary sources.
3.6.1 Methodology Reconnaissance survey was undertaken and monitoring locations were finalized based on: Drainage pattern; Location of residential areas representing different activities/likely impact areas; and Likely areas, which can represent baseline conditions.
Three surface water and five ground water sources in the study area were examined for physico- chemical, heavy metals and bacteriological parameters in order to assess the effect of plant and other activities on surface and ground water. The samples were analyzed as per the procedures specified in 'Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater' published by American Public Health Association (APHA).
Samples for chemical analysis were collected in polyethylene carboys. Samples collected for metal content were acidified with 1ml HNO3. Samples for bacteriological analysis were collected in sterilized glass bottles. Selected physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters have been analyzed for projecting the existing water quality status in the study area. Parameters like temperature, Dissolved Oxygen (DO) and pH were analyzed at the time of sample collection.
The methodology for sample collection and preservation techniques was followed as per the Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) mentioned in Table-3.6.1.
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TABLE-3.6.1 SOP FOR WATER AND WASTEWATER SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS Parameter Sample Collection Sample Size Storage/ Preservation pH Grab sampling Plastic 50 ml On site analysis /glass container Electrical As above 50 ml On site parameter Conductivity Total suspended As above 100 ml Refrigeration, solids can be stored for 7 days Total Dissolved As above 100 ml Refrigeration, Solids can be stored for 7 days BOD As above 500 ml Refrigeration, 48 hrs Hardness As above 100 ml Add HNO3 to pH<2, refrigeration; 6 months Chlorides As above 50 ml Not required; 28 days Sulphates As above 100 ml Refrigeration; 28 days Sodium, Plastic container 100 ml Not required; 6 months Potassium Nitrates Plastic containers 100 ml Refrigeration; 48 hrs Fluorides Plastic containers only 100 ml Not required; 28 days Alkalinity Plastic/ glass containers 100 ml Refrigeration; 14 days Ammonia Plastic/ glass containers 100 ml Add H2SO4 to pH>2, refrigeration, 28 days Hexavalent Plastic/ Glass rinse with 100 ml Grab sample; refrigeration; +6 Chromium, Cr 1+1 HNO3 24 hrs Heavy Metals Plastic/ Glass rinse with 500 ml Filter, add HNO3 to pH>2; (Hg, Cd, Cr, Cu, 1+1 HNO3 Grab sample; 6 months Fe, Zn, Pb etc.) Source: Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, Published By APHA, AWWA, WEF 22nd Edition, 2012
Analytical Techniques The sampling and analytical techniques are given in the Table–3.6.2.
TABLE-3.6.2 ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES FOR WATER AND WASTEWATER ANALYSIS Parameter Method pH APHA-4500-H+ Colour APHA-2120 C Odour IS: 3025, Part-4 Temperature APHA-2550 B Dissolved Oxygen APHA-4500 O BOD APHA-5210 B Electrical conductivity APHA-2510 B Turbidity APHA-2130 B Chlorides APHA-4500 Cl- Fluorides APHA-4500 F-
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Parameter Method Total dissolved solids APHA-2540 C Total suspended solids APHA-2540 D Total hardness APHA-2340 C -2 Sulphates APHA-4500 SO4 Arsenic APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3114 B/ APHA-3500 As Calcium APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 Ca Magnesium APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 Mg Sodium APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 Na Potassium APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 K Manganese APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 Mn Mercury APHA-3112 B/ APHA-3500 Hg Selenium APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3114 B/ APHA-3500 Se Lead APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 Pb Copper APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 Cu Cadmium APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 Cd Iron APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 Fe Zinc APHA-3120 B/ APHA-3500 Zn Boron APHA-4500 B Coliform organisms APHA-9215 D Alkalinity APHA-2320 B
3.6.2 Water Sampling Locations Water samples were collected from two surface and eight ground water locations. These samples were taken as grab samples and were analyzed for various parameters to compare with the standards for drinking water as per IS: 10500 for ground and surface water sources. The water sampling location details are given in Table-3.6.3 and shown in Figure-3.6.1.
TABLE-3.6.3 WATER SAMPLING LOCATIONS Code Location Distance w.r.t. site (km) Direction Surface Water SW-1 Yellur Canal 1.7 NNE SW-2 Sarada River 9.1 W SW-3 Reservoir near Vizag Steel 7.5 E Plant Ground Water GW-1 Plant Site - - GW-2 Anakapalle 6.8 WNW GW-3 Lankalapalem 3.2 NE GW-4 Chinna Gorlavanipalem 4.6 SE GW-5 Tanam 1.6 SSW
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FIGURE-3.6.1WATER SAMPLING LOCATIONS
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3.6.3 Presentation of Results The analytical results of water samples are given in Table-3.6.4 and Table-3.6.5 for the surface water and ground water samples respectively. The quality of surface water samples and ground water samples were compared with IS 10500 standards.
TABLE-3.6.4 SURFACE WATER QUALITY (PRE-MONSOON SEASON-2017) Sr.No Parameters Unit SW-1 SW-2 SW-3 1 pH - 7.7 6.8 7.4 2 Colour Hazen 2 5 4 3 Conductivity S/cm 824 12600 3489 4 TDS mg/l 512 7925 2150 5 DO mg/l 5.6 4.2 5.2 6 BOD mg/l 6.2 36.8 12.0 7 COD mg/l 20 220 85 8 Total Hardness as CaCO3 mg/l 268 602 320 9 Total Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/l 164.0 252.3 182.3 10 Calcium as Ca2+ mg/l 26.1 34.2 25.4 11 Magnesium as Mg2+ mg/l 49.3 125.4 62.3 12 Chlorides as Cl mg/l 128.1 3623.6 868.4 13 Residual free Chlorine mg/l <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 14 Phosphates as PO4 mg/l 0.8 5.6 2.3 2- 15 Sulphates as SO4 mg/l 54.5 858.2 257.2 16 Fluorides as F- mg/l 0.9 1.0 0.7 17 Nitrates as NO3 mg/l 2.9 24.7 4.5 18 Sodium as Na mg/l 64.3 2593.4 622.3 19 Potassium as K mg/l 1.8 42.5 12.4 20 Total Boron as B mg/l 2.2 6.6 4.2 21 Phenolic Compound as C6H5OH mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 22 Cyanide as CN- mg/l <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 23 Oil and Grease mg/l <1.0 <1.0 <1.0 24 Cadmium as Cd mg/l <0.003 0.17 0.08 25 Arsenic as As mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 26 Copper as Cu mg/l <0.01 0.08 0.03 27 Lead as Pb mg/l <0.01 0.12 0.05 28 Iron as Fe mg/l 0.32 0.85 0.48 29 Chromium as Cr+6 mg/l <0.05 0.12 0.06 30 Selenium as Se mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 31 Zinc as Zn mg/l 0.05 1.2 0.8 32 Aluminium as Al mg/l 0.03 0.52 0.13 33 Mercury as Hg mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 34 SAR - 1.71 46.01 15.14 35 Insecticides mg/l Absent Absent Absent 36 Anionic detergents as MBAS mg/l <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 37 Total Coliforms MPN/100 25 102 56 ml ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory C3-31 Environmental Impact Assessment Study for the Proposed Addition of 3X600 MT Mounded LPG Storage at LPG Bottling Plant at Parawada, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
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TABLE-3.6.5 GROUNDWATER QUALITY (PRE MONSOON SEASON-2017) IS 10500:2012 Sr.No. Parameter Units GW-1 GW-2 GW-3 GW-4 GW-5 Limits 1 pH 6.5 – 8.5 (NR) - 7.5 7.1 7.2 7.5 6.9 2 Colour (Hazen units) 5 (15) Hazen 3 4 3 2 2 3 Taste Agreeable - Ag Ag Ag Ag Ag 4 Odour Agreeable - Ag Ag Ag Ag Ag 5 Conductivity $ uS/cm 1446 2532 1963 1297 1052 6 Turbidity (NTU) 1 (5) NTU 2 3 3 1 1 7 Total Dissolved solids 500 (2000) mg/l 935 1615 1205 822 625 8 Total Hardness as CaCO3 200 (600) mg/l 270.1 400.5 307.1 229.2 282.5 9 Total Alkalinity 200 (600) mg/l 82.3 265.0 186.0 155.0 219.0 10 Calcium as Ca 75 (200) mg/l 57.4 68.6 32.4 28.6 20.9 11 Magnesium as Mg 30 (100) mg/l 62.3 23.9 54.8 38.3 55.8 12 Residual Chlorine 0.2(1.0) min mg/l <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 13 Boron 0.5 (1) mg/l 0.43 0.65 0.32 0.15 0.08 14 Chloride as Cl 250 (1000) mg/l 657.5 205.9 419.3 264.2 142.4 15 Sulphate as SO4 200 (400) mg/l 195.6 122.1 152.5 87.2 86.2 16 Fluorides as F- 1.0 (1.5) mg/l 0.8 0.3 0.5 0.7 1.0 17 Nitrates as NO3 45 (NR) mg/l 12.8 39.3 25.8 16.2 0.7 18 Sodium as Na $ mg/l 381.0 192.6 286.3 185.4 109.0 19 Potassium as K $ mg/l 17.2 22.4 28.3 7.2 1.1 20 Phenolic Compounds 0.001 (0.002) mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 21 Cyanides 0.05 (NR) mg/l <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 22 Anionic Detergents 0.2 (1) mg/l <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 23 Mineral Oil 0.5 (NR) mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 24 Cadmium as Cd 0.003 (NR) mg/l <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 <0.003 ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory C3-32 Environmental Impact Assessment Study for the Proposed Addition of 3X600 MT Mounded LPG Storage at LPG Bottling Plant at Parawada, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
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IS 10500:2012 Sr.No. Parameter Units GW-1 GW-2 GW-3 GW-4 GW-5 Limits 25 Arsenic as As 0.01 (0.05) mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 26 Copper as Cu 0.05 (1.5) mg/l 0.01 0.08 0.03 <0.01 <0.01 27 Lead as Pb 0.01 (NR) mg/l <0.01 0.02 0.01 <0.01 <0.01 28 Manganese as Mn 0.1 (0.3) mg/l 0.08 0.21 0.12 0.05 <0.01 29 Iron as Fe 0.3 (NR) mg/l 0.03 0.24 0.18 0.09 0.02 30 Total Chromium as Cr 0.05 (NR) mg/l <0.05 0.09 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 31 Selenium as Se 0.01(NR) mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 32 Zinc as Zn 5 (15) mg/l 0.15 0.56 0.42 0.31 0.09 33 Aluminium as Al 0.03 (0.2) mg/l 0.02 0.08 0.05 <0.01 <0.01 34 Mercury as Hg 0.001 (NR) mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 35 Pesticides Absent mg/l Ab Ab Ab Ab Ab 36 E-coli(Nos/100 ml) Absent MPN/100ml Ab Ab Ab Ab Ab MPN/100 37 Coliform Organisms 10 Ab Ab Ab Ab Ab ml
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3.6.4 Observations
Surface Water Quality
pH of surface water sources in the study area is found to be in the range of 6.8 to 7.4.
Total Dissolved Solids was observed to be in the range of 512 mg/l to 7925 mg/l. Maximum TDS value is observed in Sarada River (SW2).
Chlorides and Sulphates are in the range of 128.1 mg/l to 3623.6 mg/l and 54.5 to 858.2 mg/l respectively. Maximum value for both Chlorides and Sulphates is observed in Sarada River (SW2).
Calcium is found to be in the range of 25.4 mg/l to 34.2 mg/l and Magnesium is observed to be in the range of 49.3 mg/l to 125.4 mg/l. Maximum value for both Calcium and Magnesium is observed in Sarada River (SW2).
Metals: Iron is found to be in the range of 0.32 to 0.85 mg/l and zinc is found to be in the range of 0.05 to 1.2 mg/l. Maximum values are observed in Sarada River (SW2).
Ground Water Quality
pH of ground water in the study area is found to be in the range of 6.9 to 7.5. As per the Indian Standard, Drinking Water – Specification (IS 10500:2012) pH in the study area is within the acceptable limits.
Total Dissolved Solids of the ground water samples in the study area ranged between 625mg/l to 1615 mg/l and as per the standards, TDS is within the permissible limits.
Chlorides are found to be in the range of 142.4 mg/l to 657.5 mg/l. Chlorides concentration in all the sampling locations are found to be within the permissible limits as per the standards.
Fluorides are found to be in the range of 0.3 mg/l to 1.0 mg/l indicating that the fluorides level is within the acceptable limits in the study area.
Calcium ranged between 20.9 mg/l to 68.6 mg/l and magnesium ranged between 23.9 mg/l to 62.3 mg/l. Calcium levels in the study area is observed to be within the acceptable limit and magnesium levels is within the permissible limits as per the standards.
3.7 Soil Characteristics It is essential to determine the potential of soil in the area and identify the current impacts of urbanization and industrialization on soil quality and also predict impacts, which may arise due to the plant. Accordingly, a study of assessment of the baseline soil quality has been carried out. 3.7.1 Data Generation For studying soil profile of the region, sampling locations were selected to assess the existing soil conditions in and around the plant area representing various land use conditions. The
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physical, chemical and heavy metal concentrations were determined. The samples were collected by ramming a core-cutter into the soil up to a depth of 90 cm. The present study of the soil profile establishes the baseline characteristics and this will help in future identification of the incremental concentrations if any, due to the operation of the plant. The sampling locations have been identified with the following objectives:
To determine the baseline soil characteristics of the study area; To determine the impact of industrialization on soil characteristics; and To determine the impact on soils more importantly from agricultural productivity point of view.
Eight locations in and around the proposed expansion plant were selected for soil sampling. At each location, soil samples were collected from three different depths viz. 30 cm, 60 cm and 90 cm below the surface and are homogenized. This is in line with IS: 2720 and Methods of Soil Analysis, Part-1, 2nd edition, 1986 of (American Society for Agronomy and Soil Science Society of America). The homogenized samples were analyzed for physical and chemical characteristics. The soil samples were collected during pre-monsoon season.
The samples have been analyzed as per the established scientific methods for physico- chemical parameters. The heavy metals have been analyzed by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer and Inductive Coupled Plasma Analyzer. The methodology adopted for each parameter is described in Table-3.7.1.
TABLE-3.7.1ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES FOR SOIL ANALYSIS Parameter Method (ASTM Number) Grain size distribution Sieve analysis (D 422 – 63) Textural classification Chart developed by Public Roads Administration Bulk density Sand replacement, core cutter Sodium absorption ratio Flame photometric (D 1428-82) pH pH meter (D 1293-84) Electrical conductivity Conductivity meter (D 1125-82) Nitrogen Kjeldahl distillation (D 3590-84) Phosphorus Molybdenum blue, colourimetric (D 515-82) Potassium Flame photometric (D 1428-82) Iron AAS (D 1068-84) Zinc AAS (D 1691-84) Boron Surcumin, colourimetric (D 3082-79) Chlorides Argentometric (D 512-81 Rev 85)
The details of the sampling locations are given in Table-3.7.2 and are shown in Figure-3.7.1. The results and standard classification given in Table-3.7.3 and Table-3.7.4.
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TABLE-3.7.2 DETAILS OF SOIL SAMPLING LOCATIONS Sampling Location Distance w.r.t Plant Direction Locations area (km)
S1 Plant Site - - S2 Anakapalle 6.8 WNW S3 Gannuvanipalem 3.8 N S4 lankalapalem 3.2 NE S5 Chinna Gorlavanipalem 4.6 SE S6 Parawada 4.3 S S7 Tanam 1.6 SSW S8 Rajupeta 6.0 SW
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FIGURE-3.7.1 SOIL SAMPLING LOCATIONS
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TABLE-3.7.3 SOIL ANALYSIS RESULTS-PRE-MONSOON SEASON (2017)
Sr. Parameter UOM S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 No. 1 Texture - Sandy Sandy Sandy Sandy Sandy Sandy Sandy Sandy Clay Clay Clay Clay Clay Clay Clay Clay 2 Sand % 45 50 52 47 44 45 50 52 3 Silt % 20 18 22 23 19 23 22 15 4 Clay % 35 32 26 30 37 32 28 33 5 Bulk Density g/cc 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.2 6 pH (1:5 Aq. -- 7.1 7.3 6.7 7.2 6.8 6.7 7.0 7.2 Extraction) 7 Conductivity (1:5 Aq. µs/cm 131 103 112 132 182 102 84 121 Extraction) 8 Cation Exchange (meq/10g 7.4 10.8 18.7 16.2 7.8 13.6 19.2 17.0 Capacity m) 9 Exchangeable (meq/10g 4.6 6.2 12.3 10.5 4.0 7.8 12.5 10.8 Calcium m) 10 Exchangeable (meq/10g 1.52 2.93 3.57 3.30 2.03 3.13 3.35 3.22 Magnesium m) 11 Exchangeable (meq/10g 0.51 0.65 0.85 0.68 0.73 1.25 1.86 1.68 Potassium m) 12 Exchangeable Sodium (meq/10g 0.54 0.78 1.49 1.24 0.49 0.93 1.06 0.79 m) 13 Sodium Absorption -- 0.43 0.51 0.75 0.67 0.59 0.76 0.94 0.90 Ratio 14 Available Nitrogen as Kg/ha 38.4 63.9 74.4 54.3 62.0 42.6 81.4 72.7 N 15 Available Kg/ha 103.2 128.7 182.3 136.4 96.1 191.0 234.4 203.4 Phosphorous as P 16 Available Potassium Kg/ha 275.4 392.8 604.3 408.3 298.8 619.8 767.6 597.7 as K 17 Organic Carbon % 0.34 0.46 0.28 0.52 0.38 0.46 0.64 0.51 18 Organic Matter % 0.59 0.79 0.48 0.90 0.66 0.79 1.10 0.88 19 Water soluble mg/kg 102.5 185.3 268.5 235.8 148.6 362.8 425.6 238.2 chloride as Cl 20 Water soluble mg/kg 165.4 256.2 325.8 402.8 125.3 302.5 528.3 356.9 sulphates as SO4 21 Aluminium % 0.62 0.72 0.95 0.52 0.55 0.89 1.05 0.92 22 Total Iron % 0.82 1.08 2.33 2.02 1.25 1.98 2.92 2.25 23 Manganese mg/kg 212.5 285.6 345.4 312.8 262.7 385.2 485.3 422.6 24 Boron mg/kg <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 25 Zinc mg/kg 10.5 18.3 25.3 19.5 17.5 20.2 35.3 29.8 26 Total Chromium as mg/kg 32.5 44.2 48.5 45.6 32.5 45.6 50.2 41.8 Cr 27 Lead as Pb mg/kg 3.0 4.2 5.8 4.5 3.8 5.5 6.5 5.0 28 Nickel as Ni mg/kg 37.5 22.8 44.2 40.3 26.9 42.3 56.5 35.8 29 Arsenic as As mg/kg <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 30 Mercury as Hg mg/kg <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 31 Cadmium as Cd mg/kg 0.4 0.2 0.8 0.4 0.3 0.8 1.2 0.5
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TABLE-3.7.4 STANDARD SOIL CLASSIFICATION Sr. No. Soil Test Classification 1 pH <4.5 Extremely acidic 4.51- 5.50 Very strongly acidic 5.51-6.00 moderately acidic 6.01-6.50 slightly acidic 6.51-7.30 Neutral 7.31-7.80 slightly alkaline 7.81-8.50 moderately alkaline 8.51-9.0 strongly alkaline 9.01 very strongly alkaline 2 Salinity Electrical Up to 1.00 Average Conductivity (µmhos/cm) 1.01-2.00 harmful to germination (1ppm = 640 µmho/cm) 2.01-3.00 harmful to crops (sensitive to salts) 3 Organic Carbon (%) Up to 0.2: very less 0.21-0.4: less 0.41-0.5 medium, 0.51-0.8: on an average sufficient 0.81-1.00: sufficient >1.0 more than sufficient 4 Nitrogen (Kg/ha) Up to 50 very less 51-100 less 101-150 good 151-300 Better >300 sufficient 5 Phosphorus (Kg/ha) Up to 15 very less 16-30 less 31-50 medium, 51-65 on an average sufficient 66-80 sufficient >80 more than sufficient 6 Potash (Kg/ha) 0 -120 very less 120-180 less 181-240 medium 241-300 average 301-360 better >360 more than sufficient Source: Hand Book of Agriculture, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)
3.7.2 Baseline Soil Status It has been observed that the pH of the soil in the study area ranged from 6.7 to 7.3, which indicates that the pH of the soil is neutral in nature. The electrical conductivity was observed to be in the range of 84 µS/cm to 182 µS/cm, The nitrogen values range between 38.4 to 81.4 kg/ha. The nitrogen content in the study area is categorized as less for the range observed in the study area. The phosphorus values range between 96.1 to 234.4 kg/ha, indicating that the phosphorus content in the study area falls under more than sufficient category. ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory C3-39 Environmental Impact Assessment Study for the Proposed Addition of 3X600 MT Mounded LPG Storage at LPG Bottling Plant at Parawada, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
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The potassium values range between 275.4 to 767.6 kg/ha. The potassium content in the study area falls in more than sufficient category. The chlorides were found to be in the range of 102.5 to 425.6 mg/kg of soil.
3.8 Noise Level Survey The environmental assessment of noise from the proposed expansion plant activity and vehicular traffic can be undertaken by taking into consideration various factors like potential damage to hearing, physiological responses, and annoyance and general community responses.
The impact of noise sources on surrounding community depends on: Characteristics of noise sources (instantaneous, intermittent or continuous in nature). It can be observed that steady noise is not as annoying as one which is continuously varying in loudness; The time of day at which noise occurs, for example high noise levels at night in residential areas are not acceptable because of sleep disturbance; and The location of the noise source, with respect to noise sensitive land use, which determines the loudness and period of exposure.
The environmental impact of noise can have several effects varying from Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL) to annoyance depending on loudness of noise. The environmental impact assessment of noise from the plant operations and vehicular traffic can be undertaken by taking into consideration various factors like potential damage to hearing, physiological responses, and annoyance and general community responses.
The main objective of noise monitoring in the study area is to establish the baseline noise levels, and assess the impact of the total noise expected to be generated by the construction and operation of the plant facilities around it.
3.8.1 Identification of Sampling Locations A preliminary reconnaissance survey has been undertaken to identify the major noise generating sources in and around the plant site area. Noise at different noise generating sources has been identified based on the activities in the village area and ambient noise due to traffic.
The noise monitoring has been conducted for determination of ambient noise levels at eight locations in the study area for post monsoon and partly winter season 2015. The noise levels at each location were recorded for 24 hours. The environment setting of noise monitoring locations in ten areas is given in Table-3.8.1 and shown in Figure-3.8.1.
3.8.2 Method of Monitoring Sound Pressure Level (SPL) measurements were measured at all locations. The readings were taken for every hour for 24 hours. The day noise levels have been monitored during 6 am to 10 pm and night levels during 10 pm to 6 am at all the locations covered in 10 km radius of the study area.
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TABLE- 3.8.1 DETAILS OF NOISE MONITORING LOCATIONS Location Noise Sampling Location Distance from Direction Code Area (km) N1 Plant Area - - N2 Anakapalle 6.8 WNW N3 Gannuvanipalem 3.8 N N4 lankalapalem 3.2 NE N5 Chinna Gorlavanipalem 4.6 SE N6 Parawada 4.3 S N7 Tanam 1.6 SSW N8 Rajupeta 6.0 SW
3.8.3 Methodology of Data Generation
3.8.3.1 Instrument Used for Monitoring Noise levels were measured using integrated sound level meter manufactured by Quest Technologies, USA (Model No.2900). The integrating sound level meter is an integrating/logging type with Octave filter attachment (model OB-100) with frequency range of 31.5 to 16000 Hz. This instrument is capable of measuring the Sound Pressure Level (SPL), Leq and octave band frequency analysis.
3.8.3.2 Method of Monitoring Noise level monitoring was carried out continuously for 24 hours with one hour interval starting at 06:00 hrs to 06:00 hrs next day. The noise levels were monitored on working days only and Saturdays, Sundays and public holidays were not monitored. During each hour, Leq were directly computed by the instrument based on the sound pressure levels. Lday (Ld), Lnight (Ln) and Ldn values were computed using corresponding hourly Leq of day and night respectively. Monitoring was carried out at ‘A’ response and fast mode.
3.8.3.3 Parameters Measured During Monitoring For noise levels measured over a given period of time, it is possible to describe important features of noise using statistical quantities. This is calculated using the percent of the time certain noise levels are exceeding the time interval. The notation for the statistical quantities of noise levels are described below:
L10 is the noise level exceeded 10 per cent of the time; L50 is the noise level exceeded 50 per cent of the time; and L90 is the noise level exceeded 90 per cent of the time.
Equivalent Sound Pressure Level (Leq): The Leq is the equivalent continuous sound level, which is equivalent to the same sound energy as the actual fluctuating sound measured in the same period. This is necessary because sound from noise source often fluctuates widely during a given period of time. This is calculated from the following equation:
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L( _L )2 L = L + 10 90 eq 50 60 Lday is defined as the equivalent noise level measured over a period of time during day (6 am to 10 pm).
Lnight is defined as the equivalent noise level measured over a period of time during night (10 pm to 6 am).
Day-Night Sound Level (Ldn): The noise rating developed for community noise from all sources is the Day-Night Sound Level (Ldn). It is similar to a 24 hr equivalent sound level except that during night time period (10 pm to 6 am) a 10 dB (A) weighting penalty is added to the instantaneous sound level before computing the 24 hr average.
This night time penalty is added to account for the fact that the noise during night, when people are usually in sleep, is judged as more annoying than the same noise during the day time.
The Ldn for a given location in a community may be calculated from the hourly Leq’s, by the following equation.
d /L10 n +L(10 /) 10 Ldn = 10log{ /124[16(10 (8+)10 )]}
Where Ld is the equivalent sound level during the day time (6 am to 10 pm) and Ln is the equivalent sound level during the night time (10 pm to 6 am).
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FIGURE-3.8.1 NOISE MONITORING LOCATIONS
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3.8.4 Presentation of Results The statistical analysis is done for measured noise levels at eight locations. The parameters are analyzed for L10, L50, L90, Leq, Lday, Lnight, and Ldn. The statistical analysis results are given in Table- 3.8.2.
TABLE-3.8.2 NOISE LEVELS [dB (A)] IN THE STUDY AREA Location Location L10 L50 L90 Leq Lday Lnight Ldn Code N1 Plant Area 64.2 60.3 56.5 61.3 62.2 58.6 65.7 N2 Anakapalle 58.4 54.6 51.1 55.5 56.1 53.1 60.1 N3 Gannuvanipalem 53.1 49.3 45.8 50.2 50.8 47.8 54.8 N4 Lankalapalem 55.9 52.3 48.6 53.2 53.7 50.7 57.7 N5 Chinna Gorlavanipalem 49.5 45.6 41.8 46.6 47.6 43.9 51.1 N6 Parawada 57.6 54.0 50.3 54.9 55.3 52.3 59.3 N7 Tanam 55.3 51.6 48.0 52.5 53.0 50.1 57.1 N8 Rajupeta 48.5 44.8 41.2 45.7 46.2 43.3 50.3
3.8.5 Observations Day time Noise Levels (Lday) The day time noise levels at all the locations were ranged in between 46.2 to 62.2 dB(A). The minimum value was recorded at Rajupeta (N8) and the maximum value was recorded at Plant site (N1).
Night time Noise Levels (Lnight) The night time noise levels were ranged in between 43.3 to 58.6 dB (A). The minimum value was recorded at Rajupeta (N8) and the maximum value was recorded at Plant site (N1).
3.9 Ecology and Biodiversity
3.9.1 Introductions
Ecological evaluation aims at developing and applying methodologies to assess the relevance of an area for nature conservation. As such, it is to support the assessment of the impact of a proposed development by providing guidance on how to describe the ecological features within the area affected, how to value them, and how to predict the value losses caused by the development. The evaluation of the ecological significance of an area can be undertaken from different perspectives and consequently with different objectives. One of such perspectives focuses on the conservation of the biological diversity or biodiversity. Among the human activities that pose the highest threat to the conservation of biodiversity are the developmental projects in particular. Such projects represent artificial elements that cut through the landscape and interfere with the natural habitat and its conditions by emissions that may be solid, liquid and or gaseous. This in turn influences the abundance and distribution of plant and animal species, i.e., the biodiversity of the areas impacted.
Most of the background data needs to be acquired from the governmental agencies or the scientific literature. This information is typically complemented by field visit, site surveys
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and sample collection. The description of the actual ecological assessment provided by the ecological baseline study serves to set a reference for the subsequent impact analysis. Moreover, it helps decision-makers and EIA reviewers to become familiar with the environmental features and the needs of the study area
3.9.2 Objectives of the study
The present study was undertaken with the following objectives to assess both terrestrial and aquatic habitats of the study area:
To assess the nature and distribution of vegetation in and around the existing project site; To assess the Flora and fauna in the study area; To understand the ecology of the water bodies; To ascertain the migratory routes of fauna, presence of breeding grounds and sensitive habitats in the study area, if any; To assess the presence of protected areas in the study area; To review the information from secondary sources and discuss the issues of concern with the relevant authority and stakeholders; and Impact prediction based on primary and secondary data sources to formulate mitigation measures.
3.9.3 Methodology
To achieve the above objectives a detailed study of the area was undertaken with the existing plant site as its centre. The different methods adopted were as follows:
Generation of primary data by undertaking systematic ecological studies in the study area; Primary data collection for flora through random sampling method for trees, shrubs and herbs from the selected locations to know the vegetation cover qualitatively. To spot the fauna in the study area and also to identify the fauna by secondary indicators such as pugmarks, scats, fecal pellets, calls and other signs. For ecological information, the secondary sources such as local officials, villagers and other stakeholders were interviewed. Sourcing secondary data with respect to the study area from published literature.
The list of Terrestrial and Aquatic sampling locations in the study area is presented in Table- 3.9.1 and shown in Figure-3.9.1.
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TABLE-3.9.1 LIST OF ECOLOGICAL SAMPLING LOCATIONS Code Name of the Locations Distance Direction w.r.t. from Plant Plant Site Site (Km) Terrestrial Locations TE-1 Vegetation at Plant Site -- -- TE-2 Vegetation near 9.0 NE Gangavaram TE-3 Vegetation near 9.1 WSW Munagapaka Village TE-4 Vegetation near Marripalem 8.9 N TE-5 Vegetation near Dopperla 9.5 SSW Aquatic Locations AE-1 Kondakarla Ava- Lake 9.6 SW AE-2 Sharada River near Kotturu 8.8 W
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FIGURE-3.9.1 ECOLOGICAL SAMPLING LOCATIONS ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory C3-47 Environmental Impact Assessment Study for the Proposed Addition of 3X600 MT Mounded LPG Storage at LPG Bottling Plant at Parawada, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
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3.9.5 General Ecology of the Study Area
Borassusflabelifer, Cocosnucifera, Azadirachtaindica, Ficusspecies, Cassia tora, Cassia occidentlis,Abutionindicum, Achyranthesaspera, Tephrosiapurpurea, Anacardiumoccidentale, Casuarinaequisetifoliaand Mangiferaindica are found in the study area.
3.9.6 Forest Blocks in Study Area The details of the forest blocks in 10 km radius from proposed plant are presented in Table- 3.9.2. To control the bank erosion due to floods in the rivers and rivulets in this area, forest department had planted several rows of Casuarinaequisetifolia (Sarugudu- Casuarinaequisetifolia).
TABLE-3.9.2 DETAILS OF FOREST BLOCKS IN STUDY AREA
Sr .No Name of the Forest Block Distance (km) Direction 1 Nadupuru RF 6.7 SE 2 DopperlaKonda RF 7.8 SSW 3 Narava RF 9.6 NE
3.9.7 Flora of the Core Area (Bottling Plant Site)
The list offlora listed in the core area (Bottling Plant) is presented in the Table-3.9.3.
TABLE-3.9.3 FLORA OF CORE AREA –BOTTLING PLANT AREA
Sr. No Scientific Name Common Name Family Trees 1 Causurinaequisetifolia Sarugudu Casuarinaceae 2 Acacia nilotica NallaTumma Mimosaceae 3 Azadirachtaindica Vepa Meliaceae Shrubs 4 Calotropisgigantea Giledu, Milkweed Asclepidaceae 5 Daturametel Dhatura, Umettha Solanaceae 6 Lantana camara Lantana Verbanaceae Herbs 7 Tridaxprocumbens Adavi Chamanthi Asteraceae 8 Mimosa pudica Touch-me not Mimosaceae 9 Argemonemexicana Bhramadandi Papavaraceae 10 Acyranthesaspera Uttareni Amaranthaceae Grasses 11 Cenchurusciliaris African Foxtail Grass Poaceae 12 Cyperusrotundus Nut grass Cyperaceae 13 Apludamutica Mauritian Grass Poaceae
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Sr. No Scientific Name Common Name Family 14 Cyonodondactylon Bermuda Grass Poaceae 15 Dichanthiumannulatum Marvel Grass Poaceae 16 Themedaquadrivalvis Kangaroo Grass Poaceae
3.9.8 Flora of the Buffer Zone in the Study Area
The list of flora listed in the buffer zone area is presented in the Table-3.9.4.
TABLE-3.9.4 FLORA OF BUFFER ZONE OF THE STUDY AREA
Sr. No Scientific Name Common Name Family Plantations& Cultivated Crops 1 Causurinaequisetifolia Sarugudu Casuarinaceae 2 Mangiferaindica Mamidi Anacardiaceae 3 Anacardiumoccidentale Cashew nut Anacardiaceae 4 Eucalyptus sp Niligiri Myrtaceae 5 Psidium guava Jama /Guava Myrtaceae 6 Musa paradisiaca Banana /Arati Musaceae 7 Saccharumofficinarum Cheruku/Sugarcane Poaceae 8 Oryza sativa Paddy Poaceae 9 Arachis hypogea Ground Nut Fabaceae 10 Sesamumindicum Sesame Pedaliaceae 11 Hibiscus sadariffa Mesta (Roselle) Malvaceae Trees 1 Acacia nilotica NallaTumma Mimosaceae 2 Annonasquamosa Seetaphal Annonaceae 3 Artocarpusheterophyllus Panasa Moraceae 4 Albiziza lebbeck Siris Mimosaceae 5 Azadirachtaindica Vepa Meliaceae 6 Polyalthialongifolia Naramamidi, False Annonaceae Ashoka 7 Meliaazadirach TurkaVepa, Persian Lilac Meliaceae 8 Emblicaofficinalis Usiri Euphorbiaceae 9 Eucalyptus citridora Leomon Scented Mytraceae Gum/Citridora 10 Tamarindusindica Chinta, Tamarind Casealpinaceae 11 Terminaliacatappa Indian Almond Combretaceae 12 Tectonagrandis Teku, Teak Verbenaceae 13 Punicagranatum Danimma Punicaceae 14 Thesepsiapopulnea Portia Tree, Ganga Raavi Malvaceae 15 Zizyphusjujuba ReguChettu/Ber Rhamnaceae 16 Ficusbenghalensis RaaviChettu Moraceae 17 Ficusreligiosa MarriChettu Moraceae
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18 Garugapinnata KondaVepa Burseraceae 19 Ficusracemosa MediChettu Moraceae 20 Syzgiumcumini Nerudu, Jamun Myrtaceae 21 Sapindusemerginatus Soapnut Tree, Sapindaceae KunkuduChettu 22 Samaneasaman Raintree Caesalpinaceae 23 Pterocarpumpeltophorum Copper Pod/Peltophorum Mimosaceae 24 Moringaoleifera Drumstick tree, Moringaceae MulagaChettu 25 Caryotaurens Fish Tail Palm Areacaceae 26 Borasusflabellifer Toddy Palm Arecaceae 27 Cocosnucifera Coconut Palm Areacaceae 28 Madhucalongifolia Ippa Sapotaceae 29 Achraszapota Sapota Sapotaceae 30 Pterocarpusmarsupium Yegisa/Indian Maruspium Fabaceae 31 Phoenix sylvestris EeathaChettu Arecaceae Shrubs 32 Abutilon indicum Indian Malavaceae Mallow/Tuturabenda 33 Cassia auriculata Tangedu Caesalpinaceae 34 Cassia tora Chinnakasinda Caesalpinaceae 35 Calotropisgigantea Giledu, Milkweed Asclepidaceae 36 Crotalaria juncia Janumu, Sum hemp Fabaceae 37 Daturametel Dhatura, Umettha Solanaceae 38 Gloriosasuperba AdaviNabhi Liliaceae 39 Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Mandaram, Hibiscus Malvaceae 40 Adhatodavasica Addasarum Acanthaceae 41 Jasmimumarborens Jasmine Oleaceae 42 Jatrophagossypifolia Nepalam Euphorbiaceae 43 Lantana camara Lantana Verbanaceae 44 Achyranthesaspera Uttareni Amaranthaceae Herbs 45 Ocimum sanctum Tulasi Labiatae 46 Opuntiadilleni Nagajamudu Opuntiaceae 47 Tephrosiapurpurea PiliPisara, Sarpunkha Fabaceae 48 Tridaxprocumbens AdaviChamanthi Asteraceae 49 Argemonemexicana Brahmadandi Papavaraceae Climbers 50 Tinosporacordifolia Tippateega Menispermaceae 51 Cissusquadrangularis Nalleru Vitaceae 52 Cocciniagrandis AdaviDonda Cucurbitaceae 53 Abrusprecatorius Guruvinda Fabaceae Aquatic Plants 54 Nelumbonucifera Sacred Lotus /Tamara Nelumbonaceae 55 Typhaangustata Elephant Grass Typhaceae
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56 Ipomeacarnea Pink Morning Glory Convolvulaceae 57 Ipomeaaquatica Tutikura, Water Morning Convolvulaceae Glory Free-Floating Aquatic Plants 58 Azoliafiliculoides Water Fern Salviniacea 59 Lemnaacquinotralis Lesser Duck Weed Araceae 60 Pistiastratiotes Water Cabbage Araceae 61 Eichorniacrassipes Water Hyacinth Pondteriaceae Grasses 62 Cenchurusciliaris African Foxtail Grass Poaceae 62 Apludamutica Mauritian Grass Poaceae 63 Cyonodondactylon Bermuda grass Poaceae 64 Cyperusrotundus Nut Grass, Dharbha 65 Dichanthiumannulatum Marvel Grass Poaceae 66 Themedaquadrivalvis Kangaroo Grass Poaceae 67 Bambusaarundinacea Veduru/ Bamboo culms Poaceae
3.9.9 Analysis of Plant Diversity Plant Diversity
Diversity means variety or variability. Species diversity therefore refers to the variation that exists among the different living forms. It is estimated that there are more than 50 million different species of living organisms on the earth. With the growing concern of species going extinct at a very rapid pace, identification of the different species of plants and animals and conserving them is of primary importance. Species indicates the extent of biodiversity in the ecosystem. Species diversity is a statistical abstraction with two components. These are the number of species or richness and evenness or equitability. For better understanding of plant diversity, the Shannon Weaver index of diversity was used. The index considers two important characters of vegetation, i.e. floristic richness and proportional abundance of the species. Diversity index increases with the floral spectra (more species means that more wide species diversity) which show the undisturbed scenario of ecosystem. The index is given as:
H' = - sum (Pi ln Pi) Where Pi = Proportional abundance of the I th (individual) species H’= Shannon-Weaver diversity index
The species diversity indices for five sampling locations are presented in Table-3.9.5.
TABLE-3.9.5 SPECIES DIVERSITY INDICES IN STUDY AREA
Sr.No Location Diversity Index 1 Vegetation near Plant Site 1.53 2 Vegetation near Gangavaram 1.66 3 Vegetation near Munagapaka 1.57 ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory C3-51 Environmental Impact Assessment Study for the Proposed Addition of 3X600 MT Mounded LPG Storage at LPG Bottling Plant at Parawada, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
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Sr.No Location Diversity Index Village 4 Vegetation near Marripalem 1.59 5 Vegetation near Dopperla 1.55
The highest diversity index is recorded at Gangavaram1.66 and lowest diversity index is recorded at the plant site consisting of 1.53. 3.9.10 Fauna of the Core Area-Bottling Plant Area The fauna of core area in the (bottling plant area ) found are presented in Table-3.9.6. TABLE -3.9.6 FAUNA OF CORE AREA (BOTTLING PLANT AREA)
Sr. No Scientific name Common name Conservation Status as per Indian Wildlife Protection Act (1972) Avifauna 1 Acridotherestristis Common myna Sch-IV 2 Corvussplendens House crow Sch-V 3 Coraciousbengalensis Indian roller Sch-IV 4 Dicrurusmacrocerus Black drongo Sch-IV 5 Bubulcus ibis Cattle egret Sch-IV 6 Columba livia Blue Rock Pigeon Sch-V 7 Eudynamysscolopacea Asian Koel Sch-IV 8 Saxicoloidesfulicata Indian Robin Sch-IV 9 Apusaffinis House swift Sch-IV 10 Ploceusphillippinus Weaver bird Sch-IV 11 Vanellusindicus Red-wattled lapwing Sch-IV 12 Streptopeliachinensis Spotted Dove Sch-IV 13 Passer domesticus House Sparrow Sch-IV Reptiles 1 Calotesversicolor Common garden lizard Sch-IV Amphibians 1 Ranahexadactyla Indian Green Frog Sch-IV 2 Bufomelanosticus Common toad Sch-IV Mammals 1 Funambuluspalmarum Palm Squirrel Sch-IV 2 Bandicootaindica Greater Bandicoot Sch-V Insects –Butterflies 1 Euploea core Common Crow IV 2 Papliodemoleus Lemon Butterfly -
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3.9.11 Fauna of the Buffer Zone The fauna found in buffer zone of the study area are listed in Table-3.9.7.
TABLE -3.9.7 FAUNA OF BUFFER ZONE OFTHE STUDY AREA
Sr. No Scientific name Common name Conservation Status as per Indian Wildlife Protection Act (1972) Avifauna 1 Acridotherestristis Common myna Sch-IV 2 Corvussplendens House crow Sch-V 3 Corvusmachrorhynchos Jungle crow Sch-IV 4 Coraciousbengalensis Indian roller Sch-IV 5 Dicrurusmacrocerus Black drongo Sch-IV 6 Bubulcus ibis Cattle egret Sch-IV 7 Ardeolagrayii Pond heron Sch-IV 8 Gallinagogallinago Common Snipe Sch-IV 9 Columbalivia Blue Rock pigeon Sch-V 10 Alcedoatthis Common king fisher Sch-IV 11 Eudynamysscolopacea Asian Koel Sch-IV 12 Anasacuta Common teal Sch-IV 13 Tringastagnatilis Marsh Sandpiper Sch-IV 13 Quills contronix Grey quail Sch-IV 14 Saxicoloidesfulicata Indian Robin Sch-IV 15 Apusaffinis House swift Sch-IV 16 Ploceusphillippinus Weaver bird Sch-IV 17 Egrettagarzetta Little egret Sch-IV 18 Vanellusindicus Red-wattled lapwing Sch-IV 19 Vanellusmalabaricus Yellow-wattled lapwing Sch-IV 20 Streptopeliachinensis Spotted Dove Sch-IV 21 Sch-IV 22 Himantopushimantopus Black Winged Stilt Sch-IV 23 Dendrocittavagabunda Indian Treepie Sch-IV 24 Tyto alba Barn Owl 25 Anhinga melangogaster Oriental Darter Sch-IV 25 Phalacrocoraxniger Little Cormorant Sch-IV 26 Phalacrocoraxcarbo Great Cormorant Sch-IV 27 Calidrixferruginea Curlew Sandpiper Sch-IV 28 Sakidiornismelanotos Common Comb duck Sch-IV 29 Dendrocygnajavanica Lesser Whistling Duck Sch-IV 30 Porphyrio porphyria Purple Moorhen Sch-IV 31 Sterna hirundo Common Tern Sch-IV 32 Anastomusoscitans Asian Open Billed Stork Sch-IV
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Sr. No Scientific name Common name Conservation Status as per Indian Wildlife Protection Act (1972) 33 Mycterialeucocephala Painted Stork Sch-IV 34 Hirundodaurica Red Rumped Swallow Sch-IV 35 Passer domesticus House Sparrow Sch-IV 36 Priniasocialis Ashy Prinia Sch-IV 37 Anthusrufulus PaddyfieldPitpit Sch-IV Reptiles 1 Calotesversicolor Common garden lizard Sch-IV 2 Ptyasmucosus Rat snake Sch-II 3 Najanaja India cobra Sch-II 4 Viperarusselli Russels viper Sch-II 5 Bangaruscaerleus Common Krait Sch-IV Amphibians 1 Ranahexadactyla Indian Green Frog Sch-IV 2 Ranatigrina Bull frog Sch-IV 3 Bufomelanosticus Common toad Sch-IV Mammals 1 Funambuluspalmarum Palm Squirrel Sch-IV 2 Susscrofa Wild Boar Sch-III 3 Bandicootaindica Greater Bandicoot Sch-V 4 Rattussp Rat Sch-V 5 Herpestisedwardsii Common Mongoose Sch-II 6 Vulpesbengalensis Indian Fox Sch-II 7 Presbytes entellus Hanuman Langur Sch-II 8 Lepusnigricollis Indian Hare Sch-IV 9 Pteropusgiganteaus Fruit Bat Sch-V Insects & Butterflies 1 Apisdorsata Wild Honey Bee - 2 Euploea core Common Crow IV 3 Papliodemoleus Lemon Butterfly - 4 Euremahecabe Common grass Yellow IV 5 Scirpophaganivella Top Sugarcane Borer - 6 Batocerarufomaculata Mango Stem Borer -
3.9.12 Fresh Water Ecosystem
For the estimation of plankton, 5 liters of composite water samples are collected from Sharada River near Kotturu and at Kondakarla lake at a depth s of mid –depth and bottom depth were collected by using Nansen reversible water sampler. Samples will be concentrated to 100-ml and fixed with 4% formaldehyde and Lugol'sIodine. The samples were analysed in the laboratory by simple drop method. the laboratory by simple drop method. Nine species of phytoplankton are recorded in the aquatic sampling locations and eight zooplankton species are recorded. ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory C3-54 Environmental Impact Assessment Study for the Proposed Addition of 3X600 MT Mounded LPG Storage at LPG Bottling Plant at Parawada, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
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The list of phytoplankton and zooplankton species are listed Table-3.9.8.
TABLE-3.9.8 LIST OF OBSERVED PHYTOPLANKTON AND ZOOPLANKTON
Sr.No Phytoplankton Zooplankton 1 Ankistrodesusfalcatus Arcellasp 2 Achanthessp Brachionussp 3 Microcystissp Cyclops sp 4 Naviculasp Cyprissp 5 Oscilatoriasp Daphnia sp 6 Pediastrumsp Testudinella patina 7 Pinnulariasp Filinealongiseta 8 Scenedesmusbiguga Philodinocitrina 9 Spirulinasp
3.9.13 Fishes of the Kondakarla Lake The Fishes of Kondakarla lake are listed in the Table- 3.9.9. TABLE-3.9.9 LIST OF FISHES OF KONDAKARLA LAKE
Scientific Name of Fishes Common Name Conservation Status as per Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 Fishes 1 Catlacatla Common Carp - 2 Anabas testudineus Climbing Perch - 3 Labeorohita Rohu - 4 Notopterusnotopterus Bronze-feather back/Yerrathok 5 Anguilla bengalensis Common eel - 6 Cyprinuscarpio Grass Carp - 7 Puntiiustictoticto Two spot –barb/Parigi - 8 Puntiussophore Spot fin swamp barb - 9 Ctenoptergoidella Grass Carp - 10 Osteobramavigorsii Skyes - 11 Cyprinusmrigala Mrigal Carp - 12 Mystusgulio Long Whistered Cat fish - 13 Mystusvittatus Striped dwarf Cat fish - 14 Mystuscavasius Common Carp - 15 Wallagoattu Fresh Water Shark - 16 Ompokbimaculatus Two Spot Glass Cat fish - 17 Heteropneustusfossilis Scorpion cat fish - ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory C3-55 Environmental Impact Assessment Study for the Proposed Addition of 3X600 MT Mounded LPG Storage at LPG Bottling Plant at Parawada, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
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18 Rhinomugilcorsula Corsula Mullet - 19 Xenetodoncancilla Ghoti fish - 20 Gambusiaaffinis Western Mosquito fish - 21 Macrogranthuspancalus Striped Spiny Eel - 22 Tilapia mossambica Sea Mullet - 23 Etroplussuratensis Banded Pearl Spot - 24 Colisafasciatus Giant Gourami - 25 Channastriatus Striped Snake Head - Murrel 26 Channapunctatus Spotted Snake Head -
Conclusion: There are no Schedule- I mammals, birds and reptiles in the study area, rest of species are dually confined in the following Schedules i.e II, III,IV and V of The Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act,1972.Also there is no presence of endangered flora as per Botanical Survey India records in the study area. Also there is non presence of endangered or endemic fish found in the Kondakarlalake in the study area and in the Sharada River.
3.10 Demography and Socio-Economics The demographic and socio- economic conditions prevailing in the 10 km radius of the proposed additional 3 X 600 MT Mounded LPG storage at LPG Bottling Plant at Tadi village in Parawada mandal, Visakhapatnam grater municipal corporation wards 54,55 and 56 in Parawada mandal, Munagapaka Mandal, Anakapalle Mandal, Anakapalle municipality, Gajuwaka Visakhapatnam grater municipal corporation wards 45,46, 50,52, 53, 54, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, Peddagantyada mandal Visakhapatnam grater municipal corporation wards 50,51,52,55, 61,62 mandal in Visakhapatnam district of Andhra Pradesh” is analyzed. The socio-economic data forms the basis for developing a suitable enterprise social responsibility plan to address the needs of the population.
The project proponent is committed to take up the socio-economic development initiatives not only to minimize the negative impact on the population and also improve the socio-economic status of population living in 10 km radius of the plant as its sustained effort as part of corporate social responsibility.
3.10.1 Methodology Adopted for the Study
The methodology adopted for the study mainly includes primary survey, review of published secondary data (District Census Statistical Handbooks- 2011 and Primary Census Abstract of Census-2011) with respect to population, density, household size, sex ratio, Child sex ratio, social stratification, literacy rate and occupational structure, for 10 km radius study area. 3.10.2 Review of Demographic and Socio-Economic Profile-2011
The village wise demographic data of 41 villages, Anakapalle municipality 20 wards, Grater Visakhapatnam Municipality 25 wards are falling within 10 km radius of the project site as per the 2011 census is given in Annexure-IX. The salient features of the demographic and
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socio-economic conditions are analyzed and described in the following sections.
3.10.3 Demography Distribution of Population
As per 2011 census the study area consisted of 603993 persons inhabited in study area. The distribution of population in the study area is shown in Table-3.10.1.
TABLE-3.10.1 DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION
Particulars 0-3 km 3-7 km 7-10 km 0-10 km No. of Households 3670 40666 110302 154638 Male Population 7154 78364 219891 305409 Female Population 7374 78064 213146 298584 Total Population 14528 156428 433037 603993 Male Population (0-6 years) 786 7612 22540 30938 Female Population (0-6 years) 779 6980 21377 29136 Total Population (0-6 years) 1565 14592 43917 60074 % of 0-6 years population 10.77 9.33 10.14 9.95 Average Household Size 3.96 3.85 3.93 3.91 % of males to the total population 49.24 50.10 50.78 50.56 % of females to the total population 50.76 49.90 49.22 49.44 Sex Ratio (no of females per 1000 males) 1031 996 969 978 Child Sex Ratio (no of females per 1000 males (0-6 years)) 991 917 948 942 Density 439 1206 2527 1807 Source: Census of India 2011
Average Household Size
The study area has a household size of 3.91 as per 2011 census. This is mainly due to population control measures, health awareness programs. Population Density
The density of population reveals that the study area has an overall density of 1807 persons per km2 (PP km2) as per 2011 census reports. 3-7 kms density is 1206 because Anakapalle municipality and parwada mandal Visakhapatnam grater municipality 03 wards are falling. 7- 10 kms density is 2527 because 06 Gajuwaka mandal, 16 Peddaghantyada mandal Grater Visakhapatnam Municipal corporation wards are falling.
Sex Ratio The configuration of male and female indicates that the males constitute to about 50.56% and females to 49.44% of the total population as per 2011 census records. The study area on an average has 978 females per 1000 males as per 2011 census reports. The sex ratio ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory C3-57 Environmental Impact Assessment Study for the Proposed Addition of 3X600 MT Mounded LPG Storage at LPG Bottling Plant at Parawada, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
Chapter-3 Baseline Environmental Status
in the study area is less than the Andhra Pradesh sex ratio (Andhra Pradesh 993). Child Sex Ratio The study area child sex ratio is 942 females for 1000 males in the study area. In comparison adult sex ratio child sex ratio is less in the study area. Several reasons are attributed to the decline in the number of girls – neglect of the girl child, high maternal mortality and female infanticide. Some of the reasons for neglect of girl child and low child sex ratio are son preference and the belief that it is only the son who can perform the last rites, that lineage and inheritance runs through the male line, sons will look after parents in old age, men are the bread winners etc. Exorbitant dowry demand is another reason for female foeticide/infanticide. 3.10.4 Social Structure
In the study area, as per 2011 census, 6.01% of the population belongs to Scheduled Castes (SC) and 1.24% to Scheduled Tribes (ST). Overall the data of social stratification reveals that the SC and ST % to population is more than 7%, The SC and ST community are marginalized and they are at considered at low level of social strata and calls for a special attention in Social Impact Management Plan for improving their socio-economic status apart from preservation and protection of their art, culture and traditional rights of livelihood.
The distribution of population by social structure is shown in Table-3.10.2. TABLE-3.10.2 DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION BY SOCIAL STRUCTURE
Particulars 0-3 km 3-7 km 7-10 km 0-10 km Schedule caste population 632 9891 25772 36295 Schedule Tribes population 18 1258 6200 7476 Schedule caste (SC) population % to the total population 4.35 6.32 5.95 6.01 Schedule Tribes (ST) population % to the total population 0.12 0.80 1.43 1.24 Total SC and ST population 650 11149 31972 43771 % To the total SC and ST population 4.47 7.13 7.38 7.25 (OBC & G) Other Back Ward Cast & General Population 13878 145279 401065 560222 % of (OBC & G) Other Back Ward Cast & General Population to the total population 95.53 92.87 92.62 92.75 Total population 14528 156428 433037 603993 Source: Census of India 2011
3.10.5 Literacy Levels
The data of study area reveals that literacy rate of 76.80% as per 2011 census, which is found to be less than the Andhra Pradesh urban rate of literacy (Andhra Pradesh 67.0%). The distribution of literate and literacy rate in the study area is given in Table-3.10.3. ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory C3-58 Environmental Impact Assessment Study for the Proposed Addition of 3X600 MT Mounded LPG Storage at LPG Bottling Plant at Parawada, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
Chapter-3 Baseline Environmental Status
TABLE-3.10.3 DISTRIBUTION OF LITERATE AND LITERACY RATES Particulars 0-3 km 3-7 km 7-10 km 0-10 km Male Population 7154 78364 219891 305409 Female Population 7374 78064 213146 298584 Total Population 14528 156428 433037 603993 Male Population (0-6 years) 786 7612 22540 30938 Female Population (0-6 years) 779 6980 21377 29136 Total Population (0-6 years) 1565 14592 43917 60074 Total Population above 7 years 12963 141836 389120 543919 Male literates (7+ years) 4750 59499 165571 229820 Female literates (7+ Years) 3764 49524 134631 187919 Total literates (7+ Years) 8514 109023 300202 417739 Male literacy rate (%) to the total literates 55.79 54.57 55.15 55.02 Female literacy rate (%) to the total literates 44.21 45.43 44.85 44.98 Average Male Literacy to the total population 36.64 41.95 42.55 42.25 (%) Average female Literacy to the total population 29.04 34.92 34.60 34.55 (%) Total Literacy rate (%) to the total population 65.68 76.87 77.15 76.80 Source: Census of India 2011
The percentage of male literates to the total literates of the study area works out to be 55.02%. The percentage of female literates to the total literates, which is an important indicator for social change, is observed to be 44.98% in the study area as per 2011 census records.
3.10.6 Occupational Structure
The occupational structure of residents of work participation rate in the study area is studied with reference to main workers, marginal workers and non-workers. The main workers include 10 categories of workers defined by the Census Department consisting of cultivators, agricultural laborers, those engaged in live-stock, forestry, fishing, mining and quarrying; manufacturing, processing and repairs in household industry; and other than household industry, construction, trade and commerce, transport and communication and other services. The marginal workers are those workers engaged in some work for a period of less than six months during the reference year prior to the census survey. The non-workers include those engaged in unpaid household duties, students, retired persons, dependents, beggars, vagrants etc.; institutional inmates or all other non-workers who do not fall under the above categories.
Total work participation in the project study areas is 36.24% and the non-workers constitute 63.76% of the total population respectively. The distribution of workers by occupation indicates that the non-workers are the predominant population. The main workers to the total workers are 80.53% and the marginal workers constitute to 19.47% to the total workers.
The work participation rate in the study area is comparatively less than the Visakhapatnam ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory C3-59 Environmental Impact Assessment Study for the Proposed Addition of 3X600 MT Mounded LPG Storage at LPG Bottling Plant at Parawada, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
Chapter-3 Baseline Environmental Status
district work participation rate (Visakhapatnam district 44%). The occupational structure of the study area is shown in Table-3.10.4.
TABLE-3.10.4 OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE
Particulars 0-3 km 3-7 km 7-10 km 0-10 km Total Population 14528 156428 433037 603993 Total workers 5915 56721 156228 218864 Total main workers 4574 47222 124466 176262 Total Marginal workers 1341 9499 31762 42602 Total Non-workers 8613 99707 276809 385129 Non Workers Male 2897 34363 96164 133424 Non Workers Female 5716 65344 180645 251705 Work participation rate (%) 40.71 36.26 36.08 36.24 % of main workers to total workers 77.33 83.25 79.67 80.53 % of marginal workers to total workers 22.67 16.75 20.33 19.47 % of non-workers to total population 59.29 63.74 63.92 63.76 % of Male Non Workers to the total Non-workers 33.64 34.46 34.74 34.64 % of Female Non Workers to the total Non-workers 66.36 65.54 65.26 65.36 Source: Census of India 2011
3.11.0 Traffic Density Survey
The traffic studies have been conducted to know the prevailing traffic volumes on the roads in the study area. It is essential to consider these details for assessing the anticipated future traffic volumes as a part of overall impact assessment for the project.
The variations of traffic densities depend upon the working days and time and also vary in day and night times. In order to assess the prevailing traffic volumes on the roads, the survey was conducted during normal working days of the week by avoiding local holidays or abnormal situations to reflect the true picture of the traffic densities. The traffic study was conducted at one location for 12 hours.
3.11.1 Selection of Sampling Location
The traffic density study was conducted at Marripalem (to & fro) connecting to NH-16 towards north from the proposed project.
3.11.2 Methodology
3.11.2.1 Vehicular Count
The vehicles plying in both the directions were counted continuously for 12 hours at one location. The vehicles were counted every hour and recorded under respective category. The maximum traffic count in an hour is termed as peak hour traffic. The vehicles were categorized under various heads like trucks/tankers, buses, multi axles, cars, 2/3 wheelers, cycles.
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3.11.2.2 Categorization of Traffic
The engine driven vehicles were categorized into various heads viz. light motor vehicles (LMV) as two wheelers (scooters, motor cycles etc.), three wheelers (auto rickshaws, 3-wheel tempo etc.), medium motor vehicles (cars, jeeps), tractors (6 wheelers), minibuses and mini trucks (8 wheelers); heavy motor vehicles such as buses, trucks and tankers (10 wheelers).
3.11.3 Results and Discussion
The summary of daily traffic count for the location was monitored during the study period is summarized in Table-3.11.1. It was observed that the 2/3 wheelers, cars/jeeps and trucks/buses forms the major volume of the traffic. The total traffic PCU of this road is minimal.
3.11.3.1 Presentation of Results
The present level of traffic has been converted to Passenger Car Units (PCU) at this location as per the conversion factors stipulated by Indian Road Congress (IRC). The Passenger Car Unit (PCU) recorded at the selected traffic location.
TABLE-3.11.1 TRAFFIC DENSITY (VEHICLES/DAY)
Code Location Two Wheelers 3 Wheeler Four Six Heavy Scooter/Bikes Auto Wheeler wheeler Vehicles Rickshaw Car/Jeep Buses/ Truck Towards Marripalem 632 122 846 436 52 T1 From Marripalem 510 63 688 237 37
Total 1142 185 1534 673 89
PCU 571 93 1534 2019 267
Total PCU 4484 PCU
Note: PCU
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4.0 IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION MEASURES
4.1 Introduction This chapter presents identification and appraisal of various impacts due to proposed expansion of LPG storage facility project. Generally, the environmental impacts can be categorized as either primary or secondary. Primary impacts are those which are attributed directly to the project and secondary impacts are those which are indirectly induced and typically include the associated investment and changed patterns of social and economic activities by the proposed action.
The construction and operational phase of the proposed mounded bullets comprises various activities, each of which may have either positive or negative impact on some or other environmental attributes. The proposed project activities would have an impact on the environment in two distinct phases:
• During construction phase, which may be regarded as temporary or short term and reversible effect; and • During operational phase which may have long term effects.
The evaluation of environmental impacts due to installation of mounded bullets considering the baseline status within a radius of 10 km around the bottling plant and the mitigation measures are as under:
4.2 Identification of Impacts
4.2.1 Impacts during Construction Phase This includes the activities related to levelling of site, construction of mounded bullets and other related structures. Further, the magnitude of the impacts is envisaged to be low, as the site and infrastructural facilities are fully developed.
The probable impacts during construction phase on various attributes of environment (such as air, water, soil, biotic, socio-economic environment etc.) have been identified and listed in Table-4.1. The mitigation measures for significant impacts are also discussed in respective sections. TABLE-4.1 CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES AND PROBABLE IMPACTS Construction Activities Sector Probable Impacts A) Long Term Impacts Land Acquisition Land No Change in Land Use Pattern Socio- No Displacements and Loss of livelihood economics B) Short Term Impacts Site clearing and Fugitive Dust Emissions Levelling (cutting, Air Noise/ Air Emissions from construction stripping, excavation, equipment & Machinery earth movement, Run-off from construction area Water compaction) Run-off from vegetation stripped area Land Loss of fertile top soil
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Construction Activities Sector Probable Impacts Loss of vegetation Ecology Topographic Transformations Transportation and Noise and Air Emissions from Vehicles Storage of Construction Fugitive Dust Emissions due to Traffic Material/ Equipment Air Movement Spillage and fugitive emissions of construction materials Spillage of construction material Water Run-off from Storage Areas of Construction Material Deposition of spilled construction material Soil on soil Public Increased flow of traffic Utilities Congestion on roads Civil Construction Noise and Air Emissions from Construction Activities Machinery Air Fugitive Dust Emissions due to Movement of Traffic Run-off from Construction Areas Water containing Construction Material Mechanical & Electrical Noise & Air Emissions from Machines/ Air Erection Activities activities Run-off from Erection Areas containing Water Oils, Paints Transportation and Noise and Air Emissions from Transport Disposal of Construction Vehicles Debris Fugitive Dust Emissions due to Movement Air of Traffic Spillage and fugitive emissions of debris materials
4.2.1.1 Impact on Land Use
• Construction Phase The proposed expansion will be carried out in the vacant land of existing plant of 58.06 Acres. The land use is industrial and no new land acquisition is required for the project. The land required for the expansion of the plant facilities is already in possession of IOCL.
The project site will not be having any adverse impact on the surrounding land use during the construction period. The land required for the project will undergo minor change due to cutting, stripping, excavation and leveling, landscaping, loss of vegetative cover and erection of structures of the proposed expansion project. The impact on land use will be on a smaller scale. The construction activities may attract a small work force for construction purpose. However, this will be only a temporary change and shall be restricted to construction period.
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• Operation Phase No change expected as it is an expansion Project.
1.2.1.2 Impact on Topography
Construction Phase The installation activities include excavation of soil from the proposed expansion site. The excavated loose soil will be utilized for levelling of low lying areas inside the plant. Thus, the impact on topography during construction phase is insignificant
Operation Phase As the bullets will be mounded with earth/sand and the operation will be confined in closed, leak proof system, no impact is envisaged on the topography during operation phase.
1.2.1.3 Impact on Soil
• Construction Phase Construction activities involving levelling, excavation and removal of existing vegetation would disturb the soil of the area. The impacts on soil during construction phase shall be mainly due to loss of top soil in the construction areas and contamination of the soils of surrounding area due to construction materials such as cement, sand, etc. However, it shall be temporary and shall be confined to the areas of construction only. Appropriate soil conservation measures associated with improved construction techniques would minimize such impacts. No adverse impacts on soil in the surrounding area are anticipated.
• Operation Phase No impact expected on soil during operation phase.
1.2.1.4 Impact on Air Quality
• Construction Phase The main sources of emission during the construction period are the movement of equipment at site and dust emitted during the leveling, grading, earthwork and foundation works. The dust emitted during the above-mentioned activities depend upon the type of soil being excavated and the ambient humidity levels. The dust generated during the construction activities will however, settle quickly. Therefore, the impact will be for short duration and confined locally to the construction site.
The impact will be confined within the project boundary and is expected to be negligible outside the plant boundaries. Exhaust emissions from vehicles and equipment deployed during the construction phase is also likely to result in marginal increase in the levels of NOx, PM and CO. The impact will be for short duration and confined within the project boundary and is expected to be negligible outside the plant boundaries. The impact will, however, be reversible, marginal and temporary in nature. Proper maintenance of vehicles and construction equipment will help in controlling the gaseous emissions. Water sprinkling on roads and construction site will prevent fugitive dust.
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Chapter-5 Analysis of Alternatives (Technology & Site)
• Operation Phase No emission is envisaged during the storage & handling of LPG in the Mounded Bullets. There would be no fugitive emission during unloading of bulk LPG in Mounded Bullets and hence, no impact is envisaged. The air environment may have a little negative impact due to increase in bottling capacity which will increase the truck movement for receipt and dispatch of LPG. There are no additional DG sets required for the proposed expansion facility. Existing three DG sets of capacity 500 kVA, 250 kVA and 100 kVA. are enough for the proposed expansion and their emissions has been already covered in the baseline study. Impacts on ambient air during operation phase would be due to emissions from operation of diesel engine driven Fire water pumps and DG sets and only during power outages. Emissions from the DG sets are directed through stack as per CPCB and monitored yearly by APSPCB.
Leak detection and repair program A LDAR programme consists of checking components for leaks and then repairing any identified leaking components. The leakage check is performed according to the US EPA reference method EPA-21, at a predefined sampling frequency. LDAR is a commonly used tool for situations most likely to cause emissions, such as when handling gas and light liquids, pressurised systems and where higher
Impact due to traffic
There will not be any increase in existing traffic, since the plant bottling capacity will not be increased. However during construction phase there will be minor increase in traffic due to construction material transportation and construction worker transportation.
4.2.1.5 Impact on Water Quality
• Construction Phase During the construction phase site preparation (leveling, excavations etc.) and erection of structures will have temporary effect on the water quality of receiving water body. The present surface and ground water resources are likely to be contaminated due to non-point discharges of solids from soil loss and sewage generated from the construction work force stationed at the site. Effluents from the construction area mainly contain suspended solids while the sanitary waste from the labour colonies contains suspended as well as organic matter. The loose construction material like sand, cement etc. and excavated earth/construction debris may get washed off during heavy precipitation. However, as the construction will be carried out on the flat terrain, the soil losses will be negligible. Further, the construction will be more related to mechanical fabrication, assembly and erection hence the water requirements would be meager. Temporary sanitation facilities (septic tanks and soak pits) will be set-up for disposal of sanitary sewage generated by the work force like drivers etc.
Further, ground water may be used only during construction phase of the project and will be for a shorter duration. Therefore, impact on ground water availability is likely to be insignificant.
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• Operation Phase The raw and potable water requirement of proposed project activity is about 10 KLD being met by drawing water from Existing tube well. Water is required mainly for firefighting, service water, washing, potable purposes and greenbelt development. Breakup of existing and proposed water requirement is given in below Table-4.2. Details of wastewater generation is given in Table-4.3.
TABLE-4.2 WATER CONSUMPTION Particulars Quantity KLD Existing Proposed Hydraulic testing and washing of 61.0 7 cylinders and firefighting Domestic 4.75 3 Total 65.75 10
TABLE-4.3 WASTE WATER GENERATION & DISPOSAL
Description Quantity (m3/day) Disposal/Reuse Existing Proposed Hydraulic 45 4.9 The washing waste water (49.9 m3/day) will testing and be treated in ETP (55 KL) and treated water washing of will be utilized for plantation cylinders and firefighting Domestic 3.8 2.4 Septic tank followed by soak pit effluent
There is no waste water generation from operation of proposed Mounded Bullet. The existing Sources of wastewater generation are as follows: Sanitary Waste water from toilets, wash-rooms and canteen. Non-sanitary waste water from mock fire drills Sanitary waste water from toilets, canteen and wash rooms (6.2 KLD) are treated in Septic tank followed by soak pit. Non-sanitary waste water generated from Mock Fire drill, that too once in a month, shall be passed through vapour trap and reused for plantation/dust suppression. Wastewater generated from cylinder washing will be treated in ETP and used for plantation/Greenbelt The non-contaminated rain water is discharged directly into rain water harvesting pit within the proposed facility. During rainy season, the rain water is discharged through properly designed storm water drain after passing through vapour trap.
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Figure: 4.1: Block Diagram of Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP)
4.2.1.6 Impact on Noise Levels
• Construction Phase The major sources of noise during the construction phase are vehicular traffic, construction equipment like dozers, scrapers, concrete mixers, cranes, generators, pumps, compressors, rock drills, pneumatic tools, saws, vibrators etc. The operation of the equipments will generate noise ranging between 70-85 dB (A). The noise produced during the construction will have significant impact on the existing ambient noise levels. The construction equipment having high noise levels, can affect the people working on the site and in the nearby areas.
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Use of proper personal protective equipment (PPE) will mitigate any significant impact of the noise generated by such equipment. Similarly, as the major work will be carried out during the day time, the impact on the surrounding area due to the activity will be negligible.
• Operation Phase The existing average ambient noise level at the boundary walls of the bottling plant, as monitored during baseline data generation are in the range of 80 to 90 dB(A). As the proposed Mounded Bullets shall be operated in closed circuit, it is envisaged that noise environment would remain unaffected during operation of the proposed facilities.
The noise contours are shown in Figure-4.2.
4.2.1.7 Impact on Local Infrastructure
• Construction Phase A significant number of workers, comprising of skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled labourers, shall be employed by various contractors at site during the peak period of construction phase. Significant number of semiskilled and unskilled labourers would be recruited from the nearby areas. This would create temporary employment opportunities in the area.
Since most of sizeable labour force will be drawn from neighborhood, no change in demographic profile is anticipated. Most of the construction work is labour intensive. As most of the job will be done by contractors, it will be ensured that the contractor's workers are provided with proper facilities including sanitation and drinking water supply.
• Operation Phase The operation of the proposed project would result in positive impacts such as industrial and economic development and generation of employment opportunity.
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-1000 -800 -600 -400 -200 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1000 1000
800 800
600 600
400 400
200 200
0 0
-200 -200
-400 -400
-600 -600
-800 -800
-1000 -1000 -1000 -800 -600 -400 -200 0 200 400 600 800 1000
FIGURE-4.2 NOISE CONTOUR MAP
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4.2.2 Impact due to Solid / Hazardous Waste Generation
Construction Phase Solid Waste Generation of solid waste in the form of excavated earth is envisaged during the construction period. There will be temporary piling of excavated earth and shall be utilized for levelling of the low-lying area in the bottling plant. During construction of Mounded Bullets, some solid materials are expected to be generated. The gas cylinders used for welding shall be returned back to the supplier. Cement bags, plastic buckets, coal tar drums, damaged tools and other containers are used during construction and discarded as solid wastes. Hazardous Waste The hazardous materials used during the construction may include diesel, welding gas and paints, etc. These have to be disposed carefully.
Operation Phase
Table 4.4: Non-Hazardous Waste Description Quantity of Waste Generated
Total no. of employees (During operation phase) 145
Assuming per capita solid waste generation rate as 0.20 kg/capita/day
Quantity of solid waste generated 29
Organic solid waste : 60 % of the total waste 17.4
Inorganic solid waste: 40 % of the total waste 11.6
Disposal of domestic solid waste Disposed through municipal trucks.
Table 4.5 : Hazardous waste Schedule I Qty (Per Month) Method of Disposal Sr. No. Category No. Type Solid (damaged ~ 50 Sold as scrap metal to cylinders, 1 cylinders/month dealers parts etc.) To be disposed off as per 2 Sch. 5.1 Used Oil 4 Litres – CPCB norms
IOCL is proposing to establish a 15 kg per day Bio-digestor for solid waste management which will be installed before start of construction activities inside plant.
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4.2.3 Impacts due to Odour Pollution As a part of gaseous emissions control, proper odour control is also required. The odour from the complex originates due to fugitive emissions or leakages. Therefore, the design measures suggested as a part of controlling fugitive emissions are also applicable to odour control as well. 4.3 Impacts on Flora and Fauna
Impacts on Terrestrial Ecology
a) Construction Phase
The initial construction works at the project site involves land clearance. During construction activities vegetation may be disturbed which can be considered insignificant. The impacts of construction activities would remain primarily confined to the Parawada bottling plant, which is rather small. Earth enabling work involving excavation and filling up operations may result in fugitive dust emission. Deposition of fugitive dust on pubescent leaves of nearby vegetation may lead to temporary reduction of photosynthesis. Such impacts would, however, be confined mostly to the initial periods of the construction phase and would be minimized through adoption of control measures such as paving and surface treatment, water sprinkling and plantation schemes. The impact would be restricted within the plant boundary. Thus, the impacts of construction activities will be marginal in scale.
b) Operation Phase
The probability and consequences of significant ecological impacts occurring as a result of the operation of the mounded bullets/facility are considered to be almost negligible. The risk of any leakage is almost negligible owing to stringent leak prevention technologies.
Impact on Aquatic Ecology
a) Construction Phase
The soak pit is being utilized to manage domestic waste water; hence no tangible impact on the aquatic eco-system is anticipated.
b) Operation Phase
In normal condition, no waste water is discharged outside the bottling plant. During mock-drill (once in a month) and rainy season, the waste/rain water is discharged through properly designed storm water drain after passing through vapour trap. Hence, no impact is envisaged on aquatic ecology from the operation of facilities.
Greenbelt Development Green belt development not only functions as foreground and background landscape features resulting in harmonizing and amalgamating the physical structures of the plant with surrounding environment, but also acts as pollution sink. Thus, implementation of
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afforestation program is of paramount importance. Greenbelt is well developed in vacant area and on either side of internal roads, around garage, vehicle parking areas etc.
Plant Species for Greenbelt The plantation species have been considered based on the following: Adapted to the geo-climatic conditions of the area; Mix of round, spreading, oblong and conical canopies; Different heights ranging from 4 m to 20 m; and Preferably evergreen trees.
The different species that have history of good survival and quick growth rate shall be planted. The suggested species for plantation are given in the Table-4.6. TABLE-4.6 SPECIES FOR RECOMMENDED FOR PLANTATION
Sr.No Tree Species Common Name Family Remarks
1 Azadirachta Vepa/Neem Meliaceae Quick Growing/Drought indica Resistant
2 Ailanthus excelsa Peddamanu Meliaceae Quick Growing 3 Acacia nilotica Nalla Tumma Mimosaceae Quick Growing/Drought Resistant 4 Bauhinia Kanchnar Caesalpinaceae Quick Growing variegata 5 Syzgium cumnii Jamun/ Neredu Myrtaceae Quick Growing 6 Prosopis cineraria Shami Mimosaceae Quick Growing /Drought Resistant 7 Alstonia scholaris Chattin, Devils tree/ Apocynaceae Quick Growing Saptaparni 8 Peltrophorum Copper pod Caesalpinaceae Quick Growing ferrugineum 9 Ficus bengalensis Banyan Moraceae Quick Growing Tree/Peddamarri 10 Dalbergia sissoo Sissoo/Shisam Fabaceae Quick Growing Source: Central Pollution Control Board Guidelines – CPCB, New Delhi, March, 2000
Plantations to absorb Sulphur Dioxide (S02) Emissions 2 It is found that 500m greenery detoxifies the 70% of the S02 from the atmosphere, which acts as pollutant. The following plants are suggested for plantation to absorb S02 in the air: Scientific name Common Name 1. Alstonia scholaris Devils tree/ Saptaparni/Eduakulapanna 2. Lagerstoemia flosreginae Pride of India ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory C5-11 Environmental Impact Assessment Study for the Proposed Addition of 3X600 MT Mounded LPG Storage at LPG Bottling Plant at Parawada, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
Chapter-5 Analysis of Alternatives (Technology & Site)
3. Mimusops elengi Bakul/Pogada 4. Albizia lebbeck Indian Siris, East Indian Walnut 5. Ficus religiosa Peepal/Raavi 6. Polyalthia longifolia False Ashoka, Ashoka tree of avenue plantations 7. Butea monosperma Moduga/ Flame of the forest 8. Melia azadirach Persian Lilac/Turka Vepa 9. Azadirachta indica Neem/ Vepa 10. Terminalia arjuna Arjuna / Tella Maddi
Plantations to reduce Noise Pollution Trees having thick and fleshy leaves with petioles flexible and capacity to withstand vibration are suitable. Heavier branches and trunk of the trees also deflect or refract the sound waves. The density, height and width are critical factors in designing an adequate noise screen plantation. Combination of trees and shrubs together with suitable landforms and design appears to be the best system for combating noise pollution. The following species are suggested to reduce noise pollution. Scientific name Common Name 1. Alstonia scholaris Devils tree/ Saptaparni/Eduakulapanna 2. Azadirachta indica Neem/Vepa 3. Melia azadirach Persian Lilac/Turka Vepa 4. Butea monosperma Moduga/ Flame of the forest 5. Dalbergia sissoo Sissoo/Shisham 6. Tamarindus indica Tamarind 7. Terminalia arjuna Arjuna/Tella Maddi
Post Plantation Care Immediately after planting the saplings, watering shall be done. Further watering will depend on the rainfall. In the dry seasons watering will be regularly done especially during April to June. Watering frequency of the young plants will be more frequent, manuring will be done using organic manure (farm yard manure etc.) Younger saplings will be surrounded with tree guards. Diseased and dead plants will be uprooted and destroyed and replaced by fresh saplings. Growth / health and survival rate of saplings will be regularly monitored and remedial actions will be undertaken as required. 4.4. Impact on Socio-economic Environment
The development due to proposed project will have marginal impacts on local socio-economic condition of the people residing in the area. The construction of Mounded Bullets would provide temporary employment, which may consist of locals too. This would improve the socio- economic condition of the local population. The operation of the proposed project would result in positive impacts such as industrial and economic development and generation of employment opportunity.
ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory C5-12 Environmental Impact Assessment Study for the Proposed Addition of 3X600 MT Mounded LPG Storage at LPG Bottling Plant at Parawada, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
Chapter-5 Analysis of Alternatives (Technology & Site)
4.5 Mitigation Measures The industrial development in the study area needs to be intertwined with judicious utilization of non-renewable resources of the study area and within the limits of permissible assimilative capacity. The assimilative capacity of the study area is the maximum amount of pollution load that can be discharged in the environment without affecting the designated use and is governed by dilution, dispersion and removal due to physico-chemical and biological processes. The Environment Management Plan (EMP) is required to ensure sustainable development in the study area (10 km) of the installation site, hence it needs to be an environ plan for which the proposed industry, Government, Regulatory agencies like Pollution Control Board working in the region and more importantly the affected population of the study area need to extend their co- operation and contribution.
It has been evaluated that the study area is not affected adversely with present industrialization and likely to get new economical fillip, not only for the study area but also for the region as a whole. Mitigation measures at the source level and an overall management plan at the study area level are elicited so as to improve the supportive capacity of the study area and also to preserve the assimilative capacity of the receiving bodies.
4.5.1 Air Pollution Control Systems
Design Phase The atmospheric emissions related to the proposed expansion activities consist of: Point or stack emission consisting of emission from DG sets; and Fugitive Emissions.
For all these sources, separate mitigatory methods are devised at the design stage in order to reduce the pollution load on ambient air quality. Since, there is no manufacturing/process involved in this project there will be less emission released. Point / Stack Emissions Continuous source of air pollutant from the operation of Parawada LPG bottling plant does not exist. For the proposed expansion facility, the major air pollutants will be PM, NOx, and SO2. The source for emission is diesel engine driven fire water pumps and DG sets, which are used during the emergency conditions. In order to control the pollution right at the source, only low sulphur fuels shall be used. The stack height has been arrived after taking into consideration the guidelines specified by Pollution Control Board.
In addition, following measures also should be taken: Monitoring of emissions for PM, NOx and SO2 should be carried out regularly to meet the statutory requirements; and All the internal roads should be asphalted to reduce the fugitive dust due to truck movement.
Fugitive Emission The fugitive emissions are primarily the emissions due to intermittent / continuous leakages or evaporation of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) from storage area of the installation facility.
ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory C5-13 Environmental Impact Assessment Study for the Proposed Addition of 3X600 MT Mounded LPG Storage at LPG Bottling Plant at Parawada, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
Chapter-5 Analysis of Alternatives (Technology & Site)
The major sources of such fugitive emission of VOCs occur from variety of sources including valves, pumps, compressors, flanges and other fittings, relief valves and drains. In order to minimize the fugitive emissions of VOCs, the following measures shall be taken during design stage:
Minimum number of flanges, valves etc; Provision of technologically improved leak proof valves like ROSOV/MOV/plug valves; High grade gasket materials for packing; Usage of pumps with (single/double) mechanical seals; and
4.6 Solid waste Management
During construction phase The hazardous materials would be stored, handled & disposed of according to the guidelines specified under Hazardous and Other Wastes (Management and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2016 by MoEF and subsequent amendments. Some of the precautions of storage and handling of the hazardous materials and waste includes the following:
Diesel and other fuels would be stored in separate earmarked area as per the said guidelines. Separate storage for waste paints and thinners, contaminated rags and brushes to facilitate recycling and reuse. Rags could be laundered for reuse.
During operation phase
Environmental Management with respect to solid waste management may be summarized as under: Practically, no Solid Waste shall be generated from operation of proposed Mounded Bullets. Used oil, grease and empty drums shall be disposed of through registered vendors as per Hazardous and Other Wastes (Management and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2016 and subsequent amendments.
4.7 Odour Management Plan The LPG bottling plant involves receiving, storage, handling and transportation which may generate odour due to leaks from pipes or cylinders during handling. Following Best Management Practices (BMP) will help in reducing the odour:
a) Storage Effective management techniques such as provision of chiller system, underground storage, installation of breather valves etc would be explored.
b) Handling section In the existing bottling plant handling and charging is by closed system. Proper measures like provision of valves will also be provided to control the odour in work zone area.
ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory C5-14 Environmental Impact Assessment Study for the Proposed Addition of 3X600 MT Mounded LPG Storage at LPG Bottling Plant at Parawada, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
Chapter-5 Analysis of Alternatives (Technology & Site)
c) Transportation The chances of odour generation remains within the process area, which would be taken care by efficient operational controls. The pipelines or storage tanks may pose a possibility of odour generation, which would be taken care by effective process control and by recycling / reuse and fugitive emission will be absorbed through scrubbing system. The gases would exit from the stack/vent for adequate dispersion.
4.8 Water Pollution Control Waste Water Generation The existing and proposed sources of waste water generation are as follows:
a) Sanitary waste water from toilets, wash-rooms and canteen. b) Non-sanitary waste water from mock drills.
Waste Water Treatment & Disposal Sanitary waste water from toilets, canteen and wash rooms are treated in septic tanks and disposed off through soak pits. Non-sanitary waste water generated during mock fire drills i.e. only once in a month is passed through vapour trap and reused within the plant. During rainy season, the rain water is discharged through properly designed storm water drain after passing through vapour trap.
Rain Water Harvesting The rain water harvesting scheme is being carried out in the existing Installation. The drain network is designed in such a way that, all the storm water drains are connected to a common drain outlet of which is connected to open reservoir for rain water harvesting. The water harvested through this will be utilized for firefighting and gardening purposes.
Rain Water Harvesting The rain water harvesting pit already exists in the plant. The drain network is designed in such a way that, all the storm water drains are connected to a common drain outlet of which is connected to open reservoir for rain water harvesting. The water harvested through this will be utilized for fire fighting and gardening purposes.
4.9 Noise Level Management Noise generation from the proposed expansion can be broadly categorized in two types viz., Area and Point sources. Noise levels are mainly generated from pump house, DG sets and loading areas. Community noise levels are not likely to be affected because of the well developed greenbelt all around the plant boundary and attenuation due to the physical barriers. The model results for the expansion project reveals that at the existing installation facility, the incremental noise level will be <40 dB(A) due to all of the proposed sources from the installation facility. Following are the additional measures for consideration.
Ear plugs should be provided to the workers and it should be enforced to be used by the workers; Increase the distance between source and receiver and by altering the relative orientation of the source and receiver. Noise level at the receiver end reduces in inverse proportion to the square of the distance between the receiver and the source; and Provision of separate cabins for workers/operators.
ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory C5-15 Environmental Impact Assessment Study for the Proposed Addition of 3X600 MT Mounded LPG Storage at LPG Bottling Plant at Parawada, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
Chapter-5 Analysis of Alternatives (Technology & Site)
4.10 Measures for Improvement of Ecology
The baseline flora and fauna has been given in Section-3.9 of Chapter-3. The region does not show much diversity in flora & fauna. There is no suitable habitat for the occurrence of ecologically important fauna in the area. The existing installation facility has already developed plantation area for about 19.0 acres which will be sufficient for the proposed expansion also. 4.11 Summary of Environment Impacts and Mitigation Measures
The summary of the Impacts and Mitigation measures for the above-mentioned environmental attributes is as summarized in Table 4.7.
Table 4.7: Summary of Impacts and Mitigation Measures Impacting Activity Potential Impact Mitigation Compliance/ Environment/ Potential Measures Standards/ Health and Social Negative Environment Environment/ Best Practice Safety Attribute Impacts Social Attribute Guidelines Construction Phase Air Emissions Increase in dust Rise in PM level at Potential risk of Provision of CPCB - and NOx project site respiratory spraying water to National concentration irritation, reduce dust Ambient Air discomfort, or emission Quality illness to Excavated topsoil Standards workers to be preserved and reused for landscaping Ensuring all vehicles, generators and compressors are shall be maintained and regularly serviced Noise Increase in noise Rise in decibel level of Unwanted sound The vehicles used CPCB - Noise Generation level ambient noise can cause will be with the Pollution problems within proper acoustic (Regulation and the body. measures Control) Rules Excessive noise Wherever this pollution in cannot be working areas at achieved the area construction will be earmarked sites can as high noise level influence area requiring use psychological of ear protection health viz. gadgets occurrence of Equipment will be aggressive kept in good behaviour, condition to keep disturbance of the noise level sleep, constant within 90 dB(A). stress, fatigue Workers will be and provided hypertension. ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory C5-16 Environmental Impact Assessment Study for the Proposed Addition of 3X600 MT Mounded LPG Storage at LPG Bottling Plant at Parawada, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
Chapter-5 Analysis of Alternatives (Technology & Site)
Impacting Activity Potential Impact Mitigation Compliance/ Environment/ Potential Measures Standards/ Health and Social Negative Environment Environment/ Best Practice Safety Attribute Impacts Social Attribute Guidelines Hampered necessary sleeping pattern protective and may lead to equipment e.g. ear irritation and plug, earmuffs uncomfortable situations. Soil and Spillage of Special care will Groundwater construction be taken during Contamination material deliveries of containing construction heavy metals, materials, paints, especially when coatings, fuels and liners, etc. hazardous materials are being handled Ensure that workers know what to do in the event of a spillage Operation Phase Air Emissions Increase in PM, Negligible Impact Negligible The DG sets are SO2 Impact provided with and NOx levels Stack Height per in ambient air CPCB guidelines due to DG sets above roof level during for the proper emergency dispersion of conditions pollutants Plantation will be developed wherever feasible Wastewater Domestic waste Negligible Impact Negligible Septic tank and water will be Impact soak pit has been generated provided for domestic sewage. Effluent due to cylinder washing will be treated in ETP and reused for plantation Hazardous Risk of fire and Potential risk of Storage equipment OISD-STD 144 Materials, Fire explosions due to the loss of life or will meet standards - Fire and Explosion flammable and injury due to fire (OISD) for Protection combustible nature of structural design and Facilities for petroleum products. integrity. LPG Bottling Risk of leaks and Plant. accidental releases . from equipment, tanks, pipes etc during loading and unloading (handling) ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory C5-17 Environmental Impact Assessment Study for the Proposed Addition of 3X600 MT Mounded LPG Storage at LPG Bottling Plant at Parawada, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
Chapter-5 Analysis of Alternatives (Technology & Site)
Impacting Activity Potential Impact Mitigation Compliance/ Environment/ Potential Measures Standards/ Health and Social Negative Environment Environment/ Best Practice Safety Attribute Impacts Social Attribute Guidelines Hazardous No Hazardous Same to be Stored in Being stored in To be disposed Waste Waste except barrels designated place to SPCB used lubricating on Concrete accredited Oil platform vendors
5.0 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES (TECHNOLOGY & SITE)
5.1 Alternative Technology LPG is a gas stored and handled in liquefied form under pressure. LPG is commonly stored in horizontal dish-end cylindrical mild steel tanks (commonly known as bullets). The major types of LPG storage facilities are given below:
1. Above ground LPG bullet 2. Buried LPG bullet 3. Mounded LPG bullets
1. Above ground LPG bullet These are mounted on two RCC saddles. Each tank is fitted with liquefied gas inlet line entering into the tank from top. The vapour outlet line for direct use of the gas in the plant is also taken out from the top of each tank. The bottom connections include liquid discharge line to vaporizer and drain line with two isolation valves and with its end outside the shadow of the tank. Each tank is provided with multiple pressure relief valves with discharge capacities enough to avoid undue pressure rise under fire in the vicinity of the tank. Each tank is also fitted with roto gauge (a device to check the level of liquefied gas), pressure gauge and temperature gauge.
Till recent years, bulk storage of highly inflammable Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) was being done in above ground storage tanks. However some major fire / explosions underlined the need to review the design, procedure, maintenance, fire fighting and safety aspects of LPG handling.
2. Buried LPG Bullets Buried LPG bullets are supported by saddles resting on foundations in order to minimize the chance of unexpected settling and any motion of the bullets underground. The large span of these bullets requires more than two saddles adding to the complexity of the design due to statically indeterminate construction, differential settlement, and uneven supports. First, the loads induced by mound weight, pressure due to mound, and the loads due to longitudinal thermal expansion and soil resistance to this expansion is analyzed.
Diameters and lengths of bullets are significant and using a common foundation for all of the saddles is not economical. As a result, saddles are usually supported on separate independent foundations resting on piles. The construction represents a challenge for the designer, because it is much more complex than conventional design analysis for a vessel supported on two
ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory C5-18 Environmental Impact Assessment Study for the Proposed Addition of 3X600 MT Mounded LPG Storage at LPG Bottling Plant at Parawada, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
Chapter-5 Analysis of Alternatives (Technology & Site)
saddles. Horizontal vessels supported by two saddles can be analyzed as a beam resisting the uniform load.
3. Mounded LPG bullets A safer option was introduced in the form of mounded LPG storage bullets since it provides intrinsically passive and safe environment and eliminates the possibility of BLEVE (Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapour Explosion). Mounded LPG Bullets are large, buried, horizontal cylindrical steel tanks with dished ends of size ranging between 3.5 meter to 7.0 meter diameter and lengths of 35 meter to 70 meters or more. Mounded bullets allow storage of large quantities of LPG up to 2,000 MT or more in a single location. The cover of the mound protects the vessel from fire engulfment, radiation from a fire in close proximity and acts of sabotage or vandalism. The area of land required to locate a mounded system is minimal compared to conventional storage. Mounded bullets were supported directly by soil without using additional supports such as saddles.
The present project proposal is installation of additional 03 mounded bullets of 600MT capacity each for storage of LPG in the existing bottling plant. IOCL has mastered the art and technology of installation of mounded bullets. The LPG department of Marketing Division of IOCL has earned a good credential for installation of mounded bullets.
The above expertises of IOCL are well proven and working efficiently at different locations of the country without fail. IOCL is having excellent track record and progressive outlook in regularly updating its technology. The technology adopted by IOCL for installation of mounded bullets for storage of LPG is a fail-safe.
5.2 Alternative Site The proposed expansion will be carried out in the vacant land in an area of about 2.96 acres of the existing Parawada bottling plant. Hence, no alternate sites were considered for the expansion project. The land required for the expansion of the facilities is already in possession of IOCL.
ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory C5-19 Environmental Impact Assessment Study for the Proposed Addition of 3X600 MT Mounded LPG Storage at LPG Bottling Plant at Parawada, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
Chapter-8 Benefits of Proposed Project
6.0 ENVIRONMENT MONITORING PROGRAMME
6.1 Environment Monitoring Regular environmental monitoring programme for various environmental parameters is essential to observe effectiveness of the pollution control measures adopted and report environmental performance to the regulatory authorities. The objective of monitoring is: To check the compliance with the condition stipulated by regulatory authorities vis-à-vis environmental regulations; To follow the trend of parameters, which have been identified as critical; To check or assess the efficiency of mitigation measures; To ensure that new parameters, other than those identified in the impact assessment study, do not become critical through the expansion of new installations; To check assumption made with regard to the development and to detect deviations in order to initiate necessary measures; and To establish a data base for future Impact Assessment Studies for expansion of projects.
The attributes which merit regular monitoring are specified below: 1] Air quality; 2] Water and wastewater quality; 3] Noise levels; 4] Ecological preservation and afforestation; and 5] Socio-economic aspects.
The monitoring programmes in different areas of environment, outlined in the next few sections, have been based on the findings of the impact assessment studies described in Chapter 4. Post study monitoring programme have been summed up in Table 6.1. Table-6.1: Environmental Monitoring During Project Construction Stage Sr. Potential Action to be Followed Parameters for Monitoring Frequency of No. Impact Monitoring 1 Air Emissions All equipment’s are operated Random checks of equipment Periodic within specified design logs/ manuals parameters Vehicle trips to be optimized Vehicle logs Periodic during to the extent possible site clearance & construction activities Maintenance of DG set Gaseous emissions (SO2, HC, Periodic emissions to meet stipulated CO, NOx) emission standards monitoring Ambient air quality within the The ambient air quality shall As per CPCB / premises of the proposed unit conform to the standards for SPCB to be monitored PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx, and CO requirement or on monthly basis whichever is earlier 2 Noise List of all noise generating Equipment logs, noise reading Regular during machinery onsite along with construction age to be prepared. Equipment activities ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory C8-1 Environmental Impact Assessment Study for the Proposed Addition of 3X600 MT Mounded LPG Storage at LPG Bottling Plant at Parawada, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
Chapter-8 Benefits of Proposed Project
Sr. Potential Action to be Followed Parameters for Monitoring Frequency of No. Impact Monitoring to be maintained in good working order Night working is to be Working hour records Daily records minimized. Generation of vehicular noise. Maintenance of records of Daily records vehicles Noise to be monitored in Spot noise recording As per CPCB/ ambient air within the plant SPCB premises. requirement or on quarterly basis whichever is earlier 3 Wastewater No untreated discharge to be No discharge hoses shall be in Periodic during Discharge made to surface water, vicinity of watercourses. construction groundwater or soil. activities 4 Soil Erosion Protect topsoil stockpile Effective cover in place. Periodic during where possible at edge of site. construction activities 5 Drainage and Ensure drainage system and Visual inspection of drainage and Periodic during wastewater specific design measures are records thereof construction Management working effectively. The activities design to incorporate existing drainage pattern and avoid disturbing the same. 6 Waste Implement waste management Comprehensive Waste Periodic check Management plan that identifies and Management Plan should be in during characterizes every waste place and available for inspection construction arising associated with on-site. Compliance with MSW activities proposed activities and which Rules, 2016 and Hazardous identifies the procedures for Wastes (Management, Handling collection, handling & and Transboundary Movement) disposal of each waste arising. Rules, 2016 7 Health Employees and migrant labour All relevant parameters including Regular check health check ups HIV ups 8 Loss of flora Re-vegetation as per Forest No. of plants, species During site and fauna guidelines clearance
Table-6.2: Environmental Monitoring During Project Operation Stage
Sr. Particulars Monitoring Frequency Method of Important Monitoring No Sampling Parameters
I Air Pollution & Meteorology A Stack Monitoring 1 D.G Sets Once Online Flue gas temp., velocity, flow, dust conc., SO2, NOx
ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory C8-2 Environmental Impact Assessment Study for the Proposed Addition of 3X600 MT Mounded LPG Storage at LPG Bottling Plant at Parawada, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
Chapter-8 Benefits of Proposed Project
B. Ambient Air Quality Monitoring 1 3 - 4 No. of AAQ Twice in a week 24 hr. As per NAAQs 2009 PM, locations SO2, NOx, Hydrocarbons as HC, VOCs C. Meteorology 1 Wind speed, direction, temperature, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure, rainfall etc shall be monitored at plant. II Water and Wastewater Quality A Domestic 1 - - - As per CTO conditions B. Industrial Wastewaters 1 Outlet of the Once in a Day 24 hr composite As per CTO conditions ETP C. Water quality 1 Ground Water Once in a month Grab Parameters specified under IS:2295 (Class C) and IS:10500, III Industrial Noise Levels 1 Near Once in 5 months 8 hr continuous Noise levels in dB(A) administrative with 1 hr interval office 2 Pump house Noise levels in dB(A) 3 D G area Noise levels in dB(A) Ambient Noise Levels 1 Four locations Once in three months for the 24 hr continuous Noise levels in dB(A) industry Once in each season with one hr for ambient noise levels interval IV Soil Quality 1 Inside the plant Pre-Monsoon and Post Grab Physio-chemical Monsoon season parameters
The post-project monitoring to be carried out is discussed below:
Air Pollution and Meteorological Aspects Both ambient air quality and meteorology will be monitored. The ambient air will be monitored in line with the guidelines of Central Pollution Control Board and APPCB.
Meteorological parameters like wind speed, wind direction, temperature, relative humidity and rainfall will be recorded continuously at existing bottling plant.
Water and Wastewater Quality The storm water will be analyzed in the rainy season. The ground and surface water quality will be monitored in every season at selected locations. The water depths will be monitored in the wells of surrounding villages in every season.
ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory C8-3 Environmental Impact Assessment Study for the Proposed Addition of 3X600 MT Mounded LPG Storage at LPG Bottling Plant at Parawada, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
Chapter-8 Benefits of Proposed Project
Noise Levels Noise levels in the work zone environment and ambient will be monitored regularly. The frequency of noise monitoring will be once in a month in the work zone. The ambient noise levels in the surrounding villages will be monitored once in six months.
Soil Sampling Soil samples will be tested before plantation/vegetation of the area. The environment monitoring cell will co-ordinate all monitoring programs at site and data thus generated will be regularly furnished to the regulatory agencies.
6.2 Infrastructure for Environmental Protection A well-equipped environmental laboratory should be set up by IOCL. Alternatively, monitoring may be outsourced to a MoEF&CC / NABL recognized laboratory.
6.3 Budgetary Allocation for Environmental Protection Measures IOCL has proposed a capital investment of Rs. 300 Lakhs and a recurring cost of Rs. 21 lakhs per annum for environmental protection measures.
S.No. Particulars Capital Cost Recurring Cost in lacs lacs 1. Air Pollution Control - 2 2 Firefighting facilities and other 244 10 safety equipment 2. Water Pollution Control 15 2 3. Noise Pollution Control 8 01 4. Environment Monitoring and 3 0.5 Management 5. Occupational Health 30 2.5 6. Green Belt - 3 Total 300 21
ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory C8-4 Environmental Impact Assessment Study for the Proposed Addition of 3X600 MT Mounded LPG Storage at LPG Bottling Plant at Parawada, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
Chapter-8 Benefits of Proposed Project
7.0 ADDITIONAL STUDIES
7.1 Public Consultation Public consultation is not required for the projects which are located in Industrial estates or parks (item 7(C) of the schedule) approved by the concerned authorities, and which are not disallowed in such approvals as per 14th September, 2006 EIA notification.
7.2 Risk Analysis LPG Bottling Plant of M/s IOCL Parawada, Visakhapatnam mainly poses fire and explosion hazards due to handling/storage/dispatch of LPG. These operations may lead to unwanted and accidental releases of LPG.
IOCL proposes installation of additional 3 x 600 MT mounded bullets in the existing bottling plant premises to augment the storage capacity. This section deals with listing of various failure cases leading to various hazard scenarios, analysis of failure modes and consequence analysis. Consequence analysis is basically a quantitative study of the hazard due to various failure scenarios to determine the possible magnitude of damage effects and to determine the distances up to, which the damage may occur. The reason and purpose of consequence analysis are manifolds like:
For computation of risk; For evaluating damage and protection of other plants; To ascertain damage potential to public and evolve protection measures; For preparation of effective emergency planning both ON-SITE and OFFSITE; and For formulating safe design criteria of equipment and protection systems.
The results of consequence analysis are useful for getting information about all known and unknown effects that are of importance when some failure scenarios occur. It also gives information to deal with the possible catastrophic events and an understanding of hazard potential and remedial measures to the plant authorities, workers and the public living outside in the vicinity of the plant.
Risk Assessment and HAZOP studies have been carried out M/s. ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory, Thane through M/s. Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad. The scope of risk analysis study covers the Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) for the proposed mounded LPG storage installation of IOCL at Parawada in Andhra Pradesh. Detailed RA & HAZOP reports enclosed as Annexure-X & Annexure-XI. Safety audit report is attached as Annexure-XII.
7.3 Objective of the Study The objectives of this study are as follows:
Identifying the potential failure scenarios for release of flammable/ toxic material in the LPG storage installation; Carrying out consequence analysis for significant accident scenarios; Carrying out for Quantitative Risk Analysis; Estimating the individual risk and societal risk due to the installation; ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory C8-5 Environmental Impact Assessment Study for the Proposed Addition of 3X600 MT Mounded LPG Storage at LPG Bottling Plant at Parawada, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
Chapter-8 Benefits of Proposed Project
Assessing the risk with respect to the risk tolerance criteria; and Identifying risk reduction measures wherever warranted to ensure that the risk is as low as reasonably practicable.
7.4 Methodology Risk arises from hazards. Risk is defined as the product of severity of consequence and likelihood of occurrence. Risk may be to people, environment, assets or business reputation. This study is specifically concerned with risk of serious injury or fatality to people. The flow diagram of QRA is shown in Figure 7.1.
The following steps are involved in quantitative risk assessment (QRA):
Study of the plant facilities and systems; Identification of the hazards; Enumeration of the failure scenarios; Estimation of the consequences for the selected failure incidents; Risk analysis taking into account the failure frequency, extent of consequences and exposure of people to the hazards; Risk assessment to compare the calculated risk with risk tolerability criteria and review the risk management system to ensure that the risk is “As Low As Reasonably Practicable” (ALARP).
ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory C8-6 Environmental Impact Assessment Study for the Proposed Addition of 3X600 MT Mounded LPG Storage at LPG Bottling Plant at Parawada, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
Chapter-8 Benefits of Proposed Project
FIGURE-7.1 FLOW DIAGRAM OF QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT (QRA)
7.4.1 Consequence Analysis Consequence analysis for the selected failure scenarios is carried out using DNV PHAST software. Consequence analysis provides results for the following:
Dispersion of toxic clouds to defined concentrations; Heat radiation intensity due to jet fire and pool fire; and Explosion overpressure.
The renowned DNV PHAST software package is used worldwide for consequence modelling and quantitative risk analysis. PHAST is based on Unified Dispersion Modelling to calculate the results of the release of material into the atmosphere. It can model both heavy gas dispersion and buoyant dispersion of lighter-than-air gases. PHAST has extensive material database and provides for definition of mixtures.
7.4.2 Quantitative Risk Analysis (QRA) The quantitative risk analysis is carried out using the renowned software package PHAST Risk Micro (also known as SAFETI Micro) version 6.6 developed and marketed by Det Norske Veritas (DNV) of Norway. ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory C8-7 Environmental Impact Assessment Study for the Proposed Addition of 3X600 MT Mounded LPG Storage at LPG Bottling Plant at Parawada, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
Chapter-8 Benefits of Proposed Project
The following input data are required for the risk calculation:
Process data for release scenarios (material, inventory, pressure, temperature, type of release, leak size, location, etc.); Estimated frequency of each failure case; Distribution of people in the plant/ adjoining area during the day and night time; Distribution of wind speed and direction (wind rose data); and Ignition sources.
The failure frequencies for different types of equipment are estimated using generic failure rate databases published by organizations such as International Oil & Gas Producers Association (OGP).
OGP Report No. 434-1 “Process Release Frequencies” for equipment & piping; and OGP Report No. 434-3 “Storage Incident Frequencies”.
For objective and comprehensive risk analysis, whole range of leak sizes is considered in each section containing large inventory of hazardous material.
Small leak (5 mm diameter); Medium leak (25 mm diameter); Large leak (100 mm diameter); and Full bore leak.
Extract of generic failure rates for equipment items relevant to this study from OGP database publication is shown in Table 7.1.
TABLE 7.1 GENERIC FAILURE RATE DATA FOR EQUIPMENT ITEMS Leak size Equipment Item 5 mm 25 mm 100 mm 2" Pipe 1.80E-05 7.00E-06 0 6" Pipe 8.50E-06 2.70E-06 6.00E-07 2" Flange 7.60E-06 4.00E-06 0 6" Flange 1.10E-05 3.00E-06 2.00E-06 2" Valve (Manual) 7.70E-06 4.90E-06 0 6" Valve (Manual) 1.20E-05 4.70E-06 2.40E-06 2" Valve (Actuated) 7.30E-05 3.00E-05 0 6" Valve (Actuated) 6.60E-05 1.90E-05 8.60E-06 Instrument Connection 6.80E-05 2.50E-05 0 Pressure Vessel 2.00E-04 1.00E-04 5.10E-05 Centrifugal Pump 1.00E-03 2.90E-04 5.40E-05 Reciprocating Pump 1.20E-03 7.40E-04 5.00E-04 Reciprocating Compressor 8.00E-03 2.60E-03 8.80E-04 Note: Failure rate notation: 1.0E-05 per year means 1.0 x 10-5 per year
ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory C8-8 Environmental Impact Assessment Study for the Proposed Addition of 3X600 MT Mounded LPG Storage at LPG Bottling Plant at Parawada, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
Chapter-8 Benefits of Proposed Project
The results of quantitative risk analysis are commonly represented by the following parameters:
Individual Risk; and Societal Risk
Individual risk is the risk that an individual remaining at a particular spot would face from the plant facility. The calculation of individual risk at a geographical location in and around a plant assumes that the contributions of all incident outcome cases are additive. Thus, the total individual risk at each point is equal to the sum of the individual risks, at that point, of all incident outcome cases associated with the plant.
The individual risk value is a frequency of fatality, usually chances per million per year, and it is displayed as a two-dimensional plot over a locality plan as contours of equal risk in the form of iso-risk contours as shown in the following Figure-7.2.
ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory C8-9 Environmental Impact Assessment Study for the Proposed Addition of 3X600 MT Mounded LPG Storage at LPG Bottling Plant at Parawada, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
Chapter-8 Benefits of Proposed Project
FIGURE 7.2 ISO-RISK CONTOURS ON SITE PLAN (TYPICAL)
7.4.3 Risk tolerability criteria For the purpose of effective risk assessment, it is necessary to have established criteria for tolerable risk. The risk tolerability criteria defined by UK Health & Safety Executive (UK- HSE) are normally used for risk assessment in the absence of specific guidelines by Indian authorities.
UK-HSE has, in the publications “Reducing Risk and Protecting People” and “Guidance on ALARP decisions in control of major accident hazards (COMAH)” enunciated the tolerability criteria for individual risk.
The guidance on QRA also can be taken from MoEF& CC, Gov. of India from their publication “Technical EIA Guidance Manual for Offshore and Onshore Oil and Gas Exploration Development and Production, September 2009.” and Bureau of Indian Standards Hazard Identification and Risk Analysis (IS 15656:2006).
An individual risk of death of one in a million (1 x 10-6) per annum for both workers and the public corresponds to a very low level of risk and should be used as a guideline for the boundary between the risk acceptable and ALARP regions.
An individual risk of death of one in a thousand (1 x 10-3) per annum should on its own represent the dividing line between what could be just tolerable for any substantial category of workers for any large part of a working life, and what is unacceptable. For members of the public who have a risk imposed on them ‘in the wider interest of society’ this limit is judged to be an order of magnitude lower, at 1 in 10,000 (1 x 10-4) per annum.
ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory C8-10 Environmental Impact Assessment Study for the Proposed Addition of 3X600 MT Mounded LPG Storage at LPG Bottling Plant at Parawada, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
Chapter-8 Benefits of Proposed Project
The upper limit of tolerable risk to public, 1 x 10-4 per year is in the range of risk due to transport accidents. The upper limit of acceptable risk, 1 x 10-6 per year, is in the range of risk due to natural hazard such as lightning.
The tolerability criteria for individual risk are shown in Figure-7.3.
FIGURE-7.3 INDIVIDUAL RISK CRITERIA
7.4.4 Societal Risk (or Group Risk) Criteria Societal risk parameter considers the number of people who might be affected by hazardous incidents. Societal risk is represented as an F-N (frequency-number) curve, which is a logarithmic plot of cumulative frequency (F) at which events with N or more fatalities may occur, against N. Societal risk criteria indicate reduced tolerance to events involving multiple fatalities. For example a hazard may have an acceptable level of risk for one fatality, but may be at an unacceptable level for 10 fatalities. The tolerability criteria for societal risk as defined by UK- HSE are shown in Figure-7.4.
ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory C8-11 Environmental Impact Assessment Study for the Proposed Addition of 3X600 MT Mounded LPG Storage at LPG Bottling Plant at Parawada, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
Chapter-8 Benefits of Proposed Project
FIGURE-7.4 SOCIETAL RISK CRITERIA
7.4.5 Risk Assessment Based on the results of QRA, necessary measures to reduce the risk to ALARP are to be formulated. For this purpose, PHAST Risk software provides the information regarding risk contribution from each leak scenario modelled.
7.5 Fire Protection & Safety Measures Storage and handling of LPG involves the following hazards:
Fire hazard due to ignition of leaking LPG liquid/vapour; Explosion due to delayed ignition of vapour cloud in flammable range formed by large quantity of LPG mixed with air; Cold burn due to contact with flashing liquid LPG at very low temperature. Fire protection measures provided in the Parawada LPG installation include the following: Fire water system Fire water storage tanks Fire water pumps with diesel engine drives ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory C8-12 Environmental Impact Assessment Study for the Proposed Addition of 3X600 MT Mounded LPG Storage at LPG Bottling Plant at Parawada, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
Chapter-8 Benefits of Proposed Project
Fire water jockey pumps with motor drive Fire water distribution network Fire hydrants Monitors Water spray systems with deluge valves
The layout of fire water system is shown in Figure-7.5.
LPG received in road tankers is odorized with ethyl mercaptan to alert the people in the area in case of any leaks.
Gas detectors are provided in areas around bullets, pumps & tanker loading stations.
Ignition sources are strictly controlled by the following measures:
Use of flame-proof electrical equipment & fittings Strict implementation of ‘No Smoking’ rule
The LPG installation and fire protection measures conform to relevant OISD standards.
ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory C8-13 Environmental Impact Assessment Study for the Proposed Addition of 3X600 MT Mounded LPG Storage at LPG Bottling Plant at Parawada, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
Chapter-8 Benefits of Proposed Project
FIGURE-7.5 LAYOUT OF FIRE WATER SYSTEM
ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory C8-14 Environmental Impact Assessment Study for the Proposed Addition of 3X600 MT Mounded LPG Storage at LPG Bottling Plant at Parawada, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
Chapter-8 Benefits of Proposed Project
7.6 Quantitative Risk Analysis 7.6.1 Input Data for QRA The failure scenarios and the relevant input data for QRA of IOCL LPG bottling plant at Parawada are shown in Table-7.2.
TABLE-7.2 FAILURE SCENARIOS AND THE RELEVANT INPUT DATA
Leak Leak Material & Temp. Pressure S.No. Description Size Frequency Phase (C) (kg/cm2g) (mm) (per year) Mounded LPG Bullets (Existing & Proposed) 1 LPG Mounded LPG Liquid 30 7 5 3.0E-04 Bullet Liquid Inlet 25 8.0E-05 Line 100 3.0E-05 2 LPG Mounded LPG Liquid 30 7 + Liq. 5 3.0E-04 Bullet Liquid Head 25 1.0E-04 Outlet Line 100 3.0E-05 3 LPG Mounded LPG 30 7 5 5.0E-04 Bullet Vapour Vapour 25 2.0E-04 Line 100 4.0E-05 LPG Transfer Pumps 4 LPG Transfer LPG Liquid 30 10 5 7.5E-04 Pump 25 2.5E-04 100 4.0E-05 LPG Compressor 5 LPG Compressor LPG 60 11 5 3.0E-03 Vapour 25 1.0E-03 100 9.0E-04 LPG Road Tanker & Unloading Arm 6 LPG Tanker & LPG Liquid 30 7 5 5.0E-05 Unloading Arm 25 1.5E-05 LPG Cylinder Filling Carousel 7 LPG Cylinder LPG Liquid 30 10 5 3.0E-04 Filling Line 10 2.0E-05 Note: Failure rate 1.0E-05 per year means 1.0 x 10-5 per year
7.6.2 Population Data Plant operations are carried out only during day time in general shift. The distribution of personnel in IOCL Parawada LPG bottling plant is as shown in Table-7.3.
ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory C8-15 Environmental Impact Assessment Study for the Proposed Addition of 3X600 MT Mounded LPG Storage at LPG Bottling Plant at Parawada, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
Chapter-8 Benefits of Proposed Project
TABLE-7.3 DISTRIBUTION OF PEOPLE IN LPG BOTTLING PLANT
General S.No Responsibility 1st shift 2nd shift 3rd shift shift Total 1 Employees 16 8 nil 11 35 2 Contract workers 30 30 2 10 72 3 Security 5 5 5 2 17 Total shift wise 51 43 7 23 124
Population of 10,000 is considered within 1 km around the LPG plant.
7.6.3 Ignition Sources In case of gas leakage, ignition of the gas will result in damage due to fire or explosion. Therefore, identification of ignition sources is important in risk analysis.
The electrical and instrument items in the installation conform to the electrical hazardous area classification. Flame-proof electrical items will be installed in the classified areas, and these will not be ignition sources. Vehicles inside the plant are provided with spark arrestors in the exhaust. There is no overhead HT electrical line in the plant area which may act as ignition source. No vehicle is allowed inside the premises without approved spark arrestor in the engine exhaust. The following sources of ignition are considered in the risk analysis. Transformer MCC/ Electrical Room DG set Canteen Vehicles on external roads
7.6.4 Weather parameters Weather parameters play a significant role in dispersion analysis. The notable parameters for assessing the atmosphere are wind speed, atmospheric stability, ambient temperature, humidity and topographic parameters. Atmospheric stability represents the vertical turbulence in the air due to temperature differentials caused by heating of the earth by solar radiation. Atmospheric stability effects are represented through Pasquill parameters as follows shown in Table-7.4. TABLE-7.4 PASQUILL PARAMETERS Stability Class Atmospheric Condition A Very Unstable B Unstable C Slightly Unstable D Neutral E Stable F Very Stable
ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory C8-16 Environmental Impact Assessment Study for the Proposed Addition of 3X600 MT Mounded LPG Storage at LPG Bottling Plant at Parawada, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
Chapter-8 Benefits of Proposed Project
The relationship between wind speed and atmospheric stability is shown in Table-7.5.
TABLE-7.5 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WIND SPEEDS AND ATMOSPHERIC STABILITY Wind speed Day-Time: Night-Time Solar Radiation Cloud Cover (m/s) Strong Medium Slight Thin Medium Overcast <3/8 >3/8 >4/5 <2 A A-B B - - D 2-3 A-B B C E F D 3-5 B B-C C D E D 5-6 C C-D D D D D >6 C D D D D D
Category D (neutral) is the most probable at sites in moderate climates and may occur for up to 80 % of the time at relevant sites. Stability F (very stable) represents the most adverse condition in which dispersion extends over longer distances horizontally. Normally, stability F occurs for short periods in the year, mainly during winter nights.
Weather data (monthly average maximum & minimum temperature and rain fall) for Visakhapatnam are indicated in Table-7.6.
TABLE-7.6 WEATHER DATA Month Temperature (oC) Relative Humidity (%) Rainfall Max Min 08:30 17:30 (mm) January 31.6 14.4 76 65 7.4 February 34.3 16.8 75 65 13.8 March 37.3 19.5 71 66 6.6 April 37.8 22.2 68 70 24.2 May 40.1 23.1 68 69 45.3 June 40.4 23.9 72 69 117.7 July 37.0 23.7 78 73 128.2 August 36.2 23.8 78 74 161.4 September 35.5 23.3 79 77 171.9 October 34.6 21.5 75 73 194.7 November 32.7 17.5 69 68 73.5 December 31.1 14.8 69 64 6.0 Total 950.7
Wind rose diagram for distribution of wind direction and wind speed is shown in Figure-7.6.
ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory C8-17 Environmental Impact Assessment Study for the Proposed Addition of 3X600 MT Mounded LPG Storage at LPG Bottling Plant at Parawada, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
Chapter-8 Benefits of Proposed Project
FIGURE-7.6 WIND ROSE (ANNUAL) DIAGRAM FOR VISAKHAPATNAM
The following Table-7.7 representative combinations of weather parameters for the site are considered in this study.
TABLE-7.7 WEATHER PARAMETERS FOR RISK ANALYSIS Description #1 #2 Temperature (C) 35 20 Wind speed (m/s) 5 3 Atmospheric Stability D D
Hazardous Properties of LPG The flammable consequences of LPG release from equipment are mainly the following: • Jet fire/ pool fire/ flash fire • Vapour cloud explosion
ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory C8-18 Environmental Impact Assessment Study for the Proposed Addition of 3X600 MT Mounded LPG Storage at LPG Bottling Plant at Parawada, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
Chapter-8 Benefits of Proposed Project
Properties of LPG relevant to this QRA study are as follows. Composition: Mixture of Propane and Butane Normal Boiling Point: (-)6 0C Lower Flammable Limit (LFL): 1.8 % (vol) Upper Flammable Limit (UFL): 9.5 % (vol) Auto ignition temperature: 410-580 oC (approx.)
LPG is stored as liquid under pressure. LPG vapours are heavier than air and disperse close to ground level. LPG odorized with Ethyl Mercaptan is received in the plant so as to provide warning in case of leakage.
7.7 Consequence Analysis Jet/ Pool Fire Radiation The effect from jet fire and pool fire is thermal radiation intensity on the receptor surface as shown in Table-7.8.
TABLE-7.8 DAMAGE EFFECTS DUE TO JET/ POOL FIRE RADIATION Heat Radiation Intensity Observed Effect (kW/m2) 4 Sufficient to cause pain to personnel if unable to reach cover within 20 seconds; however blistering of the skin (second-degree burn) is likely; 0% lethality. 12.5 Minimum energy required for piloted ignition of wood, melting of plastic tubing. 37.5 Sufficient to cause damage to process equipment.
Thermal radiation intensity exceeding the limit of 37.5 kW/m² may cause escalation due to damage of other equipment. Thermal radiation intensity exceeding 12.5 kW/m² may cause ignition of combustibles on buildings and impairment of escape route. Thermal radiation intensity exceeding 4 kW/m² may cause burn injury on personnel injury.
Vapour Cloud Explosion (VCE) When a large quantity of flammable vapour or gas is released, mixes with air to produce sufficient mass in the flammable range and is then ignited, the result is a vapour cloud explosion (VCE). In the LPG installation large release of LPG from equipment or piping has potential for vapour cloud explosion. The damage effect of vapour cloud explosion is due to overpressure as shown in Table-7.9.
TABLE-7.9 VCE OVER PRESSURE LIMIT AND OBSERVED EFFECT Over-pressure Effect Observed Damage bar(g) psig 0.021 0.3 “Safe distance” (probability 0.95 of no serious damage below this value); projectile limit; some damage to house ceilings; 10% of window glass broken. 0.069 1 Repairable damage; partial demolition of houses; steel frame of clad building slightly distorted.
ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory C8-19 Environmental Impact Assessment Study for the Proposed Addition of 3X600 MT Mounded LPG Storage at LPG Bottling Plant at Parawada, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
Chapter-8 Benefits of Proposed Project
0.138 2 Partial collapse of walls of houses 0.207 3 Heavy machines in industrial buildings suffered little damage; steel frame building distorted and pulled away from foundations.
Consequence Analysis Results for LPG Storage & Handling System Results of consequence analysis by PHAST software for significant leak scenarios relevant to the LPG bottling plant are shown in the Table-7.10. Graphical results plotted on the site map drawings are shown in Figure-7.7 to Figure-7.19.
TABLE-7.10RESULTS OF CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS FOR LPG BOTTLING PLANT
Downwind Distance (metres) S.No. Description Parameter Weather (Wind speed & Stability) 5 m/s; D 3 m/s; D 1. LPG Bullet Liquid Line Leak Pool Fire Radiation Intensity 4 kW/m2 54 55 12.5 kW/m2 35 35 37.5 kW/m2 19 18 Flash Fire Envelope LFL (1.7%) 57 64 VCE Overpressure 0.02 bar 172 226 0.07 bar 86 110 0.2 bar Not reached Not reached 2. LPG Pump Discharge Line Leak Pool Fire Radiation Intensity 4 kW/m2 48 48 12.5 kW/m2 31 30 37.5 kW/m2 17 15 Flash Fire Envelope LFL (1.7%) 59 67 VCE Overpressure 0.02 bar 184 226 0.07 bar 90 109 0.2 bar Not reached Not reached 3. LPG Vapour Compressor Discharge Line Leak Jet Fire Radiation Intensity 4 kW/m2 20 20 12.5 kW/m2 17 16 37.5 kW/m2 10 12 Flash Fire Envelope LFL (1.7%) 8 9
ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory C8-20 Environmental Impact Assessment Study for the Proposed Addition of 3X600 MT Mounded LPG Storage at LPG Bottling Plant at Parawada, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
Chapter-8 Benefits of Proposed Project
Legend for Consequence Analysis Graphs
ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory C8-21 Environmental Impact Assessment Study for the Proposed Addition of 3X600 MT Mounded LPG Storage at LPG Bottling Plant at Parawada, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
Chapter-8 Benefits of Proposed Project
(1) New Mounded LPG Bullet Liquid Line Leak
ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory C8-22 Environmental Impact Assessment Study for the Proposed Addition of 3X600 MT Mounded LPG Storage at LPG Bottling Plant at Parawada, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
Chapter-8 Benefits of Proposed Project
Figure-7.7 New Mounded LPG Bullet Liquid Line Leak - Pool Fire Radiation Intensity
ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory C8-23 Environmental Impact Assessment Study for the Proposed Addition of 3X600 MT Mounded LPG Storage at LPG Bottling Plant at Parawada, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
Chapter-8 Benefits of Proposed Project
Figure-7.8 New Mounded LPG Bullet Liquid Line Leak – Flash Fire Envelope
Figure-7.9 New Mounded LPG Bullet Liquid Line Leak – VCE Overpressure
ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory C8-24 Environmental Impact Assessment Study for the Proposed Addition of 3X600 MT Mounded LPG Storage at LPG Bottling Plant at Parawada, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
Chapter-8 Benefits of Proposed Project
(2) LPG Pump Discharge Line Leak
Figure 7.10: LPG Pump Discharge Line Leak - Pool Fire Radiation Intensity
Figure 7.11: LPG Pump Discharge Line Leak – Flash Fire Envelope
ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory C8-25 Environmental Impact Assessment Study for the Proposed Addition of 3X600 MT Mounded LPG Storage at LPG Bottling Plant at Parawada, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
Chapter-8 Benefits of Proposed Project
(2) LPG Pump Discharge Line Leak (continued)
Figure 7.12: LPG Pump Discharge Line Leak – VCE Overpressure
ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory C8-26 Environmental Impact Assessment Study for the Proposed Addition of 3X600 MT Mounded LPG Storage at LPG Bottling Plant at Parawada, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
Chapter-8 Benefits of Proposed Project
(3) LPG Vapour Compressor Discharge Line Leak
Figure 7.13: LPG Compressor Discharge Line Leak – Jet Fire Radiation Intensity
ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory C8-27 Environmental Impact Assessment Study for the Proposed Addition of 3X600 MT Mounded LPG Storage at LPG Bottling Plant at Parawada, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
Chapter-8 Benefits of Proposed Project
(4) LPG Road Tanker Liquid Unloading Arm Leak
Figure 7.14: Road Tanker Liquid Arm Leak – Pool Fire Radiation Intensity
ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory C8-28 Environmental Impact Assessment Study for the Proposed Addition of 3X600 MT Mounded LPG Storage at LPG Bottling Plant at Parawada, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
Chapter-8 Benefits of Proposed Project
Figure 7.15: Road Tanker Liquid Arm Leak – Flash Fire Envelope
ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory C8-29 Environmental Impact Assessment Study for the Proposed Addition of 3X600 MT Mounded LPG Storage at LPG Bottling Plant at Parawada, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
Chapter-8 Benefits of Proposed Project
(4) LPG Road Tanker Liquid Unloading Arm Leak (continued)
Figure 7.16: Road Tanker Liquid Arm Leak – VCE Overpressure
ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory C8-30 Environmental Impact Assessment Study for the Proposed Addition of 3X600 MT Mounded LPG Storage at LPG Bottling Plant at Parawada, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
Chapter-8 Benefits of Proposed Project
(5) LPG Cylinder Filling Carousel Leak
Figure 7.17: LPG Cylinder Filling Carousel Leak – Pool Fire Radiation Intensity
Figure 7.18: LPG Cylinder Filling Carousel Leak – Flash Fire Envelope
ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory C8-31 Environmental Impact Assessment Study for the Proposed Addition of 3X600 MT Mounded LPG Storage at LPG Bottling Plant at Parawada, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
Chapter-8 Benefits of Proposed Project
(5) LPG Cylinder Filling Carousel Leak (continued)
o
Figure 7.19: LPG Cylinder Filling Carousel Leak – VCE Overpressure
ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory C8-32 Environmental Impact Assessment Study for the Proposed Addition of 3X600 MT Mounded LPG Storage at LPG Bottling Plant at Parawada, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
Chapter-8 Benefits of Proposed Project
7.8 Review of Consequence Analysis Results for LPG Storage & Handling System
Based on the results of consequence analysis, the following observations are made: In case of maximum credible scenario represented by 25 mm leak in liquid and vapour lines connected to mounded LPG bullets, pumps and compressor, the significant effect distances for pool/ jet fire radiation intensity and flash fire envelope are contained within the plant boundary. In case of vapour cloud explosion due to delayed ignition of the flammable cloud formed by LPG leak from mounded bullet outlet line, 0.02 bar overpressure effect may extend slightly outside the north boundary of the plant. However, this level of overpressure effect will not cause any serious damage. Mounded LPG bullets are not susceptible to catastrophic failure and BLEVE/ fire ball hazard. Individual risk The iso-risk contours for LPG bottling plant are shown in Figure-7.20.
Enlarged diagram of iso-risk contours diagram is shown in Figure-7.21.
1 x 10-6 per year 1 x 10-5 per year
Figure 7.20: Iso-Risk Contours for Individual Risk
ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory C8-33 Environmental Impact Assessment Study for the Proposed Addition of 3X600 MT Mounded LPG Storage at LPG Bottling Plant at Parawada, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
Chapter-8 Benefits of Proposed Project
1 x 10-6 per year
1 x 10-5 per year
Figure :7.21 Iso-Risk Contours (Enlarged Diagram)
Individual Risk to Public Risk contour of 1 x 10-6 per year falls within the plant boundary. Therefore the maximum individual risk to members of the public outside the plant boundary is less than 1 x 10-6 per year which is on Acceptable level.
Individual Risk to Plant Personnel The highest iso-risk contour inside the plant area is 1 x 10-5 per year. Therefore the individual risk at any location in the plant does not exceed 1 x 10-4 per year. By taking risk transect at different locations, it is found that the maximum location-specific individual risk (LSIR) in the plant area is 5 x 10-5 per year. However, any individual person is present in the plant location only for a limited period in a year. The individual-specific individual risk (ISIR) is calculated taking into account the fraction of time the individual stays at the location. Normally the plant personnel work in daily shift of 8hours. Therefore the maximum individual-specific individual risk, ISIR = LSIR x (8/24) per year. = (5 x 10-5) x (1/3) per year = 1.7 x 10-5 per year The maximum value of individual risk to plant personnel in the IOCL Visakhapatnam LPG storage & bottling plant is 1.7 x 10-5 per year.
The values of maximum individual risk to public and plant personnel in IOCL Visakhapatnam LPG storage & bottling plant in comparison with the risk tolerance criteria are shown in Figure 7.22.
ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory C8-34 Environmental Impact Assessment Study for the Proposed Addition of 3X600 MT Mounded LPG Storage at LPG Bottling Plant at Parawada, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
Chapter-8 Benefits of Proposed Project
Figure 7.22: Max. Individual Risk at IOCL Visakhapatnam LPG Plant
FIGURE-7.13 MAX. INDIVIDUAL RISK AT IOCL LPG STORAGE & BOTTLING PLANT, THIMMAPUR
FIGURE-7.22 MAX. INDIVIDUAL RISK AT IOCL LPG STORAGE & BOTTLING PLANT
Societal Risk The FN Curves for societal risk due to IOCL LPG storage & bottling plant at Visakhapatnam is shown in Figure 7.23.
ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory C8-35 Environmental Impact Assessment Study for the Proposed Addition of 3X600 MT Mounded LPG Storage at LPG Bottling Plant at Parawada, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
Chapter-8 Benefits of Proposed Project
Figure 7.23: Societal Risk due to IOCL Visakhapatnam LPG Plant, It is seen that the societal risks due to IOCL Visakhapatnam LPG storage & bottling plant is in the Acceptable (Negligible) Risk region.
Conclusions
The conclusions of QRA study for the IOCL Visakhapatnam LPG bottling plant with the proposed additional three mounded LPG storage vessels are as follows.
Individual risk to the public is 1.0E-06 per year which is in Acceptable level. Maximum individual risk to personnel working in the LPG storage & bottling plant is 1.7E-05 per year, which is in the lower part of ALARP region. Societal risk due to LPG bottling plant is in Acceptable region.
Based on the above results it is concluded that the LPG storage & bottling plant of IOCL at Visakhapatnam conform to the specified risk tolerance criteria.
In case of maximum credible scenario represented by 25 mm leak in liquid and vapour lines connected to mounded LPG bullets, pumps and compressor, the significant effect distances for pool/ jet fire radiation intensity and flash fire envelope are contained within the plant boundary. In case of vapour cloud explosion due to delayed ignition of the flammable cloud formed by LPG leak from mounded bullet outlet line, 0.02 bar overpressure effect may extend slightly outside the north boundary of the plant. However, this may cause only light damage such as window glass breakage.
ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory C8-36 Environmental Impact Assessment Study for the Proposed Addition of 3X600 MT Mounded LPG Storage at LPG Bottling Plant at Parawada, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
Chapter-8 Benefits of Proposed Project
Mounded LPG bullets are not susceptible to catastrophic failure and BLEVE/ fire ball hazard. IOCL has responsibility to maintain the risk within the ALARP region by ensuring effective safety management system and adopting the best industry practices applicable to operation and maintenance of LPG storage and bottling plant.
The LPG storage & bottling plant of IOCL at Visakhapatnam conforms to the requirements of OISD standards 144, 150 and 158.
It is significant to note that the existing three LPG bullets as well as the proposed three additional bullets are mounded type which represents the industry best practice with regard to safety.
Fire protection system has been provided conforming to the requirement of OISD standards. This includes the following: Fire/ gas detectors with alarms Fire water storage and distribution system with hydrants, monitors Fixed water spray system for LPG storage, pumps, road tanker unloading, cylinder filling and cylinder storage areas.
Remote operated emergency isolation valves, non-return valves and excess flow check valves have been provided as per the requirement of OISD standards. Emergency response/ disaster management plan has been implemented for the existing LPG storage and bottling plant. This will be updated for the proposed additional LPG storage. ERDMP of Parwada bottling plant is attached as Annexure-XIII.
Recommendations The following recommendations are made in order to ensure that the risks at IOCL Visakhapatnam LPG storage & bottling plant are maintained at low level.
1. Emergency push buttons to close the remote-operated isolation valves (EIVs) and stop LPG pumps/ compressors are also to be provided in the plant area at appropriate locations neat bullets, pumps and tanker loading bays. 2. Raised face flanges with metallic spiral wound gaskets or tongue & groove type flanges should be used in LPG service. 3. Fire water system (hydrants, monitors and fixed water sprays) are to be extended to cover the new mounded LPG bullets. 4. Gas detectors are to be provided near LPG bullets, pump house, tanker unloading bays and cylinder filling areas. 5. Prevention of ignition The flame-proof electrical equipment should be properly maintained by competent and trained personnel to ensure their integrity. The spark arrestors used for vehicles should be maintained by regular checking. Use of cell phones should not be allowed in the LPG installation.
ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory C8-37 Environmental Impact Assessment Study for the Proposed Addition of 3X600 MT Mounded LPG Storage at LPG Bottling Plant at Parawada, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
Chapter-8 Benefits of Proposed Project
8.0 BENEFITS OF PROPOSED PROJECT
The proposed expansion project for installation of 03 nos. of Mounded Bullets of 600 MT capacity each at Parawada Bottling Plant, Visakhapatnam shall yield following benefits:
• Maintain continuity of LPG gas cylinder supply to the consumers through distributors; • Increase the days cover for LPG storage from 4.5 days to 9 days on a stand-alone basis against total bulk LPG storage capacity of 3600 MT; • Help to overcome the scarcity of bulk LPG; • Safety measures for hazard detection and prevention system will be upgraded as per OISD-144; • By adding 3x600 MT Mounded Bullets, risk profile of the existing plant will not be enhanced; • Discourage deforestation and reduce the use of fire wood & fossil fuels; and • Improve the quality of life of women engaged in household activities specially cooking.
ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory C8-38 Environmental Impact Assessment Study for the Proposed Addition of 3X600 MT Mounded LPG Storage at LPG Bottling Plant at Parawada, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
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9.0 ENVIRONMENTAL COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS
The scope of the EIA/EMP has been prescribed vide the Terms of Reference (TOR) issued by SEIAA, Andhra Pradesh vide its letter no. SEIAA/AP/VSP/IND/03 2017/292 dated 26.05.2017 and is enclosed as annexure-I.
As per SO 1533 dated 14th September 2006, the chapter on environmental cost benefit analysis is to be prepared if prescribed at scoping stage.
This chapter has to be carried out if specifically required as per scoping. As this is not specifically mentioned in TOR, further detail study is not carried out.
ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory C9-1 Environmental Impact Assessment Study for the Proposed Addition of 3X600 MT Mounded LPG Storage at LPG Bottling Plant at Parawada, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
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10.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
10.1 Introduction
The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) provides an essential link between predicted impacts and mitigation measures during implementation and operational activities. EMP outlines the mitigation, monitoring and institutional measures to be taken during project implementation and operation to avoid or mitigate adverse environmental impacts, and the actions needed to implement these measures. The likely impacts on various components of environment due to the project during developmental activities have been identified and measures for their mitigation are suggested. The EMP lists all the requirements to ensure effective mitigation of every potential biophysical and socio-economic impact identified in the EIA. For each attribute, or operation, which could otherwise give rise to impact, the following information is presented:
A comprehensive listing of the mitigation measures
Parameters that will be monitored to ensure effective implementation of the action
Timing for implementation of the action to ensure that the objectives of mitigation are fully met
The EMP comprises a series of components covering direct mitigation and environmental monitoring, an outline waste management plan and a project site restoration plan. Therefore, environmental management plan has been prepared for each of the above developmental activities. 10.2 EMP during Construction Phase
Environmental pollution during construction stage will be limited and for a temporary period during the construction activity. Construction shall be planned in such a way that excavated material shall be disposed safely. The manpower required for these activities shall preferably be employed from nearby villages so that avenues of employment will be open to local people.
Directly or indirectly all the environmental components get affected due to the construction activity. The following environmental protection and enhancement measures are suggested for implementation by the contractor or the authority during the construction as applicable.
10.2.1 Air Environment
The construction work will generate dust which will be controlled by periodical sprinkling of water during working period.
ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory C9-2 Environmental Impact Assessment Study for the Proposed Addition of 3X600 MT Mounded LPG Storage at LPG Bottling Plant at Parawada, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
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The site will be provided with adequate and suitable sanitary facilities to maintain proper standard of hygiene for construction workers.
The solid waste generated during construction activities will be sold back to supplier.
The hazardous material will be stored, handled & disposed of according to the guidelines of HWMR Rules 2016 and subsequent amendment.
Diesel and other fuels would be stored in separate earmarked area as per the said guidelines.
10.2.2 Noise Environment
Complete construction work especially heavy work will be done during day time.
Vehicular movement carrying raw materials will be avoided during night time.
The vehicles will be regularly maintained and optimum use of the same will be made.
Adequate PPE’s (ear plugs, ear muffs, helmet, mask etc) will be provided to the workers.
PUC certified vehicles will be used.
10.2.3 Water Environment Measures will be implemented to prevent seepage of liquid materials into ground where it could contaminate groundwater;
Ensure prompt cleaning up of accidental spillages
Measures will be followed to prevent the contamination of hydrological features by diesel, grease, oil, etc. derived from the working area.
The machinery / equipment will be maintained in a good operating condition;
Specially designated areas will be created for vehicle maintenance;
Accidental spillages will be cleaned up promptly.
Curing water will be sprayed and after liberal curing, all concrete structures will be covered with gunny bags this will conserves water
Provisions will be made to ensure the construction vehicles stick to the access track to prevent mud & dirt being deposited on roads
Fence will be constructed around the site to trap sediments whilst allowing the water to flow through.
All mud & dirt deposited on the roads from the construction activities will be cleaned.
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Adopting good construction and engineering practices will help in mitigating the water pollution.
10.2.4 Land Environment
Special care will be taken during deliveries of construction materials, especially when fuels and hazardous materials are being handled
The solid wastes such as paints, lubricants, oil or any other non-biodegradable wastes that have leachable constituents will be disposed to authorized recyclers.
A waste management plan shall be prepared or integrated with existing plan before the commissioning, implemented and monitored. In areas, where soil quality for natural vegetation is of critical concern, loosening of soil in such areas will be done to mitigate soil compaction caused due to operation of heavy machinery.
10.2.5 Biological Environment The impact would be restricted within the plant boundary. Thus, the impacts of construction activities will be marginal in scale. Following environmental management measures are recommended to mitigate adverse impacts on biological environment during construction phase: Native species will be preferred for plantation in addition to beautification plants/species.
10.2.6 Socio-economic Environment Given that the project and related developments like construction camps will not be dependent on local resources (power, water), during both construction and operations, the only likely impact on infrastructure would be on the roads, during the construction phase. Considering the high traffic emanating during construction phase an effective traffic management scheme will be put in place to avoid congestion on the nearby and local roads. Local persons will get employment during Construction phase.
10.2.7 Health and Safety The movement of heavy equipment will be undertaken with proper precaution to prevent any accidents on the road. Occupational risk shall be minimized at the project site through implementation of a full proof safety system. Speed limit set for movement of vehicles with 20 km/hr on village roads to reduce risks of accidents or injuries. Safety training shall be provided to all construction workers on operation of equipment. Security shall also be extended during non-working hours to ensure there is controlled access to the machinery and equipment. The contractors shall also be vigilant to detect workers showing symptoms of communicable diseases. Health checkup of the contract labors shall be done/ recorded at times. All illness and incidents shall be reported and recorded
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10.3 EMP during Operation Phase
In order to mitigate the impacts due to capacity expansion of facility on various environmental components, the following environmental management measures are recommended:
10.3.1 Air Environment Leak detection and repair (LDAR) program has been implemented in the facility and shall be extended for the proposed Mounded Storage Bullets system Ambient air quality with respect to PM, SO2, NOx, H2S, CO and HC monitoring shall be continued in the impact zone as per regulations All access roads (internal as well as external) is being used by the project authorities have been paved (either with WBM, concrete or bitumen) to suppress the dust generation along the roads.
There is no continuous source of air pollutant from the operation of IOCL LPG bottling plant. The sources of air pollutants are limited to the DG Sets and diesel engine driven Fire water pumps. These sources of air pollutants are intermittent. During operation, these sources would emit the exhaust gases.
Adequate stack height is installed on the D.G. set, while no additional D.G. set is proposed for the proposed augmentation.
The existing facility operates in a well proven leak proof system, thus there is no continuous source of fugitive emission from the process
10.3.2 Noise Environment Similar measures as proposed in the construction phase for noise making machinery, to ensure practicably low noise levels within the work environment. The major areas of concern for noise generation have already been adequately addressed by considering it during procurement of the machinery from vendors, project implementation stage. Further feedback from the monitored noise levels at sensitive locations will be taken to ensure that the impact due to high noise levels is practically minimized.
Regular Monitoring of noise levels for compliance with HSE regulations
Conducting periodic audiometric tests for employees working close to high noise levels.
Provision of PPE’s shall be continued to be done and their proper usage will be ensured for eardrum protection of the workers as well as visitors
Acoustic barriers and silencers shall be used in equipment wherever necessary
Sound proofing/ glass paneling have been provided at critical operating stations/ control rooms, etc.
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Monitoring of ambient noise levels shall also be continued to be carried out regularly both inside the facility area as well as outside the peripheral greenbelt
10.3.3 Water Environment Wastewater Management philosophy is based on following: The wastewater management philosophy is based on “Minimum Discharge” concept. Sewage generated will be disposed through septic tanks & soak pits. Waste water generated from cylinder washing will be treated in ETP and reused for plantation. Separate storm water drainage system is provided at the facility. The non-contaminated rain water is discharged directly into rain water harvesting pit within the proposed facility. Waste water generated during mock fire drills (only once in a month) is passed through vapour trap and discharged into natural drainage system. During rainy season, the rain water is discharged through properly designed storm water drain after passing through vapor trap.
10.3.4 Land Environment
Greenbelt in and around the facility will be strengthened/maintained A record w.r.t quantity, quality and treatment/management of solid/hazardous waste shall be continued to be maintained at environmental monitoring cell.
10.3.5 Solid/Hazardous Waste Management
Practically, no Solid Waste shall be generated from operation of proposed Bullets.
Used oil (4 LPM shall be disposed of through registered vendors as per Handling of Waste Material and Transboundary Rules, 2016 and subsequent amendments
Schedule I Qty (Per Month) Method of Disposal Sr. No. Category No. Type Solid (damaged ~ 50 cylinders/month Sold as scrap metal to dealers 1 cylinders, parts etc.) To be disposed off as per 2 Sch. 5.1 Used Oil 4 Litres – CPCB norms
10.3.6 Biological Environment Development of green belt with carefully selected plant species is of prime importance due to their capacity to reduce noise and air pollution impacts by attenuation/assimilation and for providing food and habitat for local micro fauna.
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10.3.7 Socio-economic Environment In order to mitigate the impacts likely to arise out of the proposed augmentation project and also to maintain good will of local people, steps will be taken for improving the social environment. Necessary social welfare measures by the industry shall be undertaken in gaining public confidence and to meet local area development requirement. The following measures are suggested: IOCL shall continue to undertake social welfare programs for the betterment of the Quality of Life of villages around in collaboration with the local bodies Some basic amenities, viz. education, safe drinking water supply to the nearby villages may be taken up Regular medical checkup shall be continued at times in the villages around the facility Focus shall be on to educate villagers regarding safety measure provided in the plant.
10.4 Rain Water Harvesting Within the plant premises there is two numbers of ground water recharge pit. Rain water pipes of rooftop of Administrative building, Electrical Substation buildings have been connected, so that rainwater will flow to the ground pits of size 3m x 3m x 2m which would recharge ground water and will help to maintain the water table of the area. Similar rain water harvesting system is provided for the Canteen building. Due to the additional storage vessel, there will be additional fire water run-off during fire drills. Since the storage vessel is being constructed in the existing vacant land, there will be no additional rainwater run-off. 10.5 Proposed Corporate Social Responsibility
The proposed cost on Corporate environment responsibility will be about 1% on project cost ie. 25 crores. Approximately 0.25 % crores. 10.6 Environmental Management Cell Environment Management will be headed by a Safety and Environmental officer. He will be responsible for Environment management activities in the project site and will be assisted by maintenance engineers. Basically, this department will supervise the monitoring of environmental pollution levels viz; ambient air quality, water and effluent quality either departmentally or by appointing external agencies wherever necessary.
Maintenance officers of the plant regularly carry out the following: Sampling and analysis of noise and water samples; Systematic and routine housekeeping at all pumping stations; and Creation of awareness of pollution hazards among all IOCL personnel related to the plant, especially those involved with pumping stations maintenance and surveillance.
Apart from the regulatory requirements, officials shall conduct inter station environmental auditing to improve the performance. As part of company’s endeavor, IOCL has been
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accredited with national and international certification of repute under which the following aspects are covered.
Reviewing the whole operation of pumping stations, once in every two years, to identify the environmental aspects; Following the changes/amendments to central/state legislation pertaining to environment management; Assessing the level of experience, competence and training to ensure the capability of personnel, especially those carrying out specialized environmental management functions; Conducting environmental awareness programme for the employees at all pump stations site; Measurement of pollution emissions and levels at pump stations through an external agency approved by SPCBs; Bi-annual reporting to statutory authorities on status of compliance with terms and conditions of environmental clearance for proposed expansion project; and Annual reporting on environmental status to state pollution control boards for consent to operate under air/water act.
10.7 Organizational Structure An integrated organizational structure exists in the existing plant and it is shown in Figure- 10.1
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Territory Manager
Chief Plant Manager
Plant Manager TLF Executive Engineering Operations (Ops) Officer HSSE Officer Officer
FIGURE-10.1 ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE FOR ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT
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11.0 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
11.1 Introduction
Indian Oil Corporation Limited (IOCL) is a government of India enterprise with a Navratna status, and a fortune 500 and forbes 2000 company. It is incorporated as Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. on 1st September, 1964 Indian Oil and its subsidiaries.
M/s Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. proposes expansion of LPG storage facility from 1800 MT to 3600 MT by installing additional 3x600 MT LPG mounded storage at Parawada, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh.
11.2 Environmental Setting The details of environmental setting are given in Table-11.1.
TABLE–11.1 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING
Sr. No. Particulars Details 1 Plant location Latitude: 17°39′41.8″ N Longitude: 83º04′37.1″ E 2 Topo sheet No. E44Q14, E44R2 3 Climatic conditions at Visakhapatnam IMD station (1971-2000) Maximum temperature 40.4°C Minimum temperature 14.4°C Annual rainfall (total) 950.7 mm Relative humidity 64%-79% Predominant wind directions SW and SSW 4 Plant site elevation above MSL 60 5 Plant site topography Fairly flat 6 Present land use at the site Industrial Category 7 Nearest highway NH -16 (2.7 km, N) 8 Nearest railway station Tadi Railway Station (2.8 km, N) 9 Nearest Airport Visakhapatnam Airport (15.6 km, NE) 10 Nearest major water bodies Yeluru Canal (1.7 km, NE) KBR lake (7.5 km, E) Sharada River (8.8 km, WNW) Kondakarlava Lake (9.5 km, SW) Bay of Bengal (13.4 km, S) 11 Nearest town/City Anakapalle (6.8 km, WNW) 12 Nearest village Tanam (1.5 km, S) 13 Archaeologically important Bojjanakonda, Lingalakonda- Sankaram (8.4 km, places NW)
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Sr. No. Particulars Details 14 Protected areas as per Wildlife -- Protection Act, 1972 (Tiger reserve, Elephant reserve, Biospheres, National parks, Wildlife sanctuaries, community reserves and conservation reserves) 15 Reserved / Protected Forests Nadupuru RF (6.7 km, SE) RF-Dopperla Konda (7.8 km, SSW) Narava RF (9.6 km, NE) Panchadarla RF (13.6 km, SW) 16 Defence Installations - 17 List of major Industries in 10 km 1. Industrial Development Area, Parawada radius (APIIC), (Adjacent)
2. NTPC Simhadri Power (6.5 km, S) 3. Vizag Steel Plant (10.7 km, SE)
18 Seismicity Seismic Zone- III as per IS 1893 (Part-I): 2002
11.3 Project Description The main activities are receipt, storage, bottling and transportation of packed cylinders by packed trucks. The salient features of the proposed storage tanks expansion project are presented in Table-11.2.
TABLE-11.2 SALIENT FEATURES OF EXISTING AND PROPOSED EXPANSION OF BOTTLING PLANT Sr. No. Description Details 1 Total Land 58.06 Acres 2 Location IOCL, Parawada village, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh 3 Present land use Proposed expansion will be carried out within existing premises 4 Status of land acquisition Entire land is in the name and possession of IOCL 5 Type of storage tanks Mounded Bullet 6 Capacity of storage tank proposed Sr. No Type of Storage (MT) vessel Existing Proposed 1 Bullets 1800 1800 Mounded Total 1800 1800 Grand Total 3600
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Sr. No. Description Details 7 Power requirement APEPDCL DG sets 1 x 500 KVA for main plant load. 2 x 250 KVA for lighting load (One is standby). 8 Water requirement About 10 KLD 9 Man power No additional manpower is required during operation 10 Project Cost Rs. 25 crores 11 Cost towards environment Rs. 3.0 crores protection Source: Project Report, IOCL
11.3.1 Resource Requirement
Land Requirement The proposed expansion will be carried out within the existing bottling plant premises; the site earmarked for expansion is a vacant land and hence the land use of the area will not be altered. Total facility area is about 58.06 Acres. Water Requirement Water will be sourced for the expansion project additionally; 10.0 KLD of water is required for the proposed expansion will be source from own existing tube wells water supply. Power Requirement The estimated power requirement for the proposed project will be met Andhra Pradesh Electrical Power Distribution Company Ltd/ alternatively DG set will be utilized.
11.4 Baseline Environmental Studies Field monitoring studies have been carried out by M/s. Vimta Labs Limited, Hyderabad, to evaluate the baseline status of the project site during the period of 1st March 2017 to 31st May 2017, covering Pre monsoon season.
Meteorology The recorded meteorological data during study period pre-monsoon season-2017 has been processed for calculating the monthly averages and presented in Table- 11.3
TABLE-11.3 SUMMARY OF THE METEOROLOGICAL DATA GENERATED AT SITE PRE-MONSOON-2017 Month Temp, Relative Rainfall, mm Cloud Cover, 0C Humidity, % Octas Max Min 0830 1730 March 2017 35.6 25.8 79 73 3 2/8 April 2017 37.9 26.4 83 76 7 2/8 May 2017 43.2 29.3 87 81 6 4/8 Range 25.8-43.2 73-87 Total= 16 --
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Air Quality To establish the baseline status of the ambient air quality in the study area, the air quality was monitored at 8 locations during the study period. The minimum and maximum concentrations 3 3 of PM10 were recorded as 41.9 g/m and 64.8 g/m respectively. The minimum and maximum 3 3 concentrations for PM2.5 were recorded as 37.5 g/m and 50.2 g/m respectively. The 3 3 minimum and maximum SO2 concentrations were recorded as 10.6 g/m and 21.4 g/m 3 respectively. The minimum and maximum NOx concentrations were recorded as 14.2 g/m and 28.9 g/m3 respectively.
The results of the monitored data indicate that the ambient air quality of the region in general is in conformity with respect to norms of the National Ambient Air Quality (NAAQ) Standards of Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), with present level of activities and it also infers that the air quality levels in the study area are of fairly good quality.
Water Quality The baseline groundwater quality status in the region is established by analyzing 8 ground water and 3 surface water samples.
In ground water samples, the pH and TDS varies from 6.9 to 7.5 and 625mg/l to 1615 mg/l. Chlorides are found to be in the range of 142.4 mg/l to 657.5 mg/l.The physico-chemical and biological analysis revealed that ground water quality parameters are within the permissible limits as per IS: 10500: Second Revision 2012.
In surface water samples, the dissolved oxygen ranged between 6.8 to 7.4 mg/l. Chlorides and Sulphates are in the range of 128.1 mg/l to 3623.6 mg/l and 54.5 to 858.2 mg/l respectively. The heavy metal contents are found to be well within the limits.
Noise Environment The noise monitoring has been conducted for determination of noise levels at 8 locations in the study area. Day and night noise level in the study area range between 46.2 to 62.2 dB(A) and 43.3 to 58.6 dB (A) respectively, which are well within the limits as per ambient noise standards.
Soil Quality A total of 8 samples within the study area were collected and analyzed. It has been observed that the texture of soil is mostly Sandy Clay Loam and Sandy Clay in the study area. It has been observed that the pH of the soil quality ranged from 6.7 to 7.3 indicating that the soil is alkaline in nature. The electrical conductivity was observed to be in the range of 84 µS/cm to 182 µS/cm.
Ecology and Biodiversity There are no Schedule- I mammals, birds and reptiles in the study area, rest of species are dually confined in the following Schedules i.e II, III,IV and V of The Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act,1972.Also there is no presence of endangered flora as per Botanical Survey India records in the study area. Also there is non presence of endangered or endemic fish found in the Kondakarla lake in the study area and in the Sharada River.
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Socio Economics The study area consisted of 603993 population inhabited in study area as per the district census handbook (2011). The study area on an average has 978 females per 1000 males as per 2011 census reports. The data of study area reveals that literacy rate of 76.80% as per 2011 census, which is found to be less than the Andhra Pradesh urban rate of literacy (Andhra Pradesh 67.0%).
11.5 Anticipated Impact Assessment and Mitigation measures Air Environment Operation of the bottling plant involves only storage and handling of LPG which does not lead to process specific emission of air pollutants into atmosphere. The entire operation of receipt, storage and filling in cylinders is carried out under closed circuit and leak proof system so as to restrict any emission of hydrocarbon vapours into the atmosphere. However, intermittent sources of air pollutants are limited to DG Sets and fire Water pumps which are operated only in case of power failure during working hours and during mock fire drills only (once in a month) respectively. Hence, installation of proposed Mounded Bullets shall not impart any adverse impact on existing air environment. Consequently, the proposal is unlikely to have any major impacts on local or regional air quality or to adversely affect human health or status of pollution-sensitive vegetation, either locally or on nearby terrain.
11.5.2 Water Environment
There will be no industrial effluent generated in this plant. The wastewater generated after washing of cylinders & other operation at plant will be treated in ETP and treated water shall be utilised for plantation. Domestic effluent generated will be disposed off in to sent to soak pit. Separate storm water drainage system will be provided at the facility. The non-contaminated rain water is discharged directly into rain water harvesting pit within the proposed facility. Waste water generated during mock fire drills (only once in a month) is passed through vapour trap and discharged into natural drainage system. During rainy season, the rain water is discharged through properly designed storm water drain after passing through vapour trap.
11.5.3 Solid Waste Generation No industrial solid waste will be generated during the bottling process. Damaged cylinders will be segregated & stored on site prior to disposal as scrap metal. Hazardous waste generated from D.G set operation will be disposed to APPCB Authorized Recyclers.
10.5.4 Noise Environment The impact of noise emission will be minimized by acoustic enclosures and the noise levels will be limited to 85 dB (A). Noise is generated from operation of pumps, blowers and DG sets and during vehicular movement. The mitigation measures have been implemented like acoustic enclosures for DG Sets as per CPCB guidelines, provision of ear plugs for labour in high noise area, green belts and landscaping have been developed which act as noise buffer.
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10.5.5 Greenbelt Development Greenbelt is developed and it is being maintained. Green belt has been increased in addition to the previous greenbelt for environmental protection with greenbelt area of 19.0 acres out of the total 58.06 acres area.
10.5.6 Socio- Economics The major economic impacts, which will accrue to the region, during the construction phase and operation of the plant, will be an increased availability of direct and indirect employment. Local people will be benefited after commissioning of the proposed project in terms of petty to major contractual jobs and associated business establishments.
11.6 Environmental Management Cell, EMP and Monitoring Environment Management is being headed by a senior manager and constitutes environmental engineer and supervisors. The Manager (Environment) will be responsible for Environment management activities. Basically, this department supervises the monitoring of environmental pollution levels viz. ambient air quality, water and effluent quality.
11.7 Risk Assessment & HAZOP Hazard analysis involves the identification and quantification of the various hazards (unsafe conditions) that exist in the proposed plant. On the other hand, risk analysis deals with the recognition and computation of risks, the equipment in the plant and personnel are prone to, due to accidents resulting from the hazards present in the plant.
Risk analysis follows an extensive hazard analysis. It involves the identification and assessment of risks the neighbouring populations are exposed to as a result of hazards present. This requires a thorough knowledge of failure probability, credible accident scenario, vulnerability of population etc. Much of this information is difficult to get or generate. Consequently, the risk analysis is often confined to maximum credible accident studies and these details discussed in details in RA & HAZOP studies.
11.8 Conclusion The proposed expansion project has certain level of marginal impacts on the local environment. However, the proposed expansion project has significant beneficial impacts/effects in terms of providing temporary employment opportunities and various CSR activities and also improvising the social and economic environment in the vicinity and meets the fuel need of the state.
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12.CONSULTANTS ENGAGED
This EIA report is prepared on behalf of the proponents, taking inputs from proponent’s office staff, Architects, Project Management Professionals etc. by Environmental Consultants M/s Ultra-Tech Environmental Consultancy & Laboratory, Thane - Pune, who have been accredited by QCI-NABET vide No. NABET/EIA/1417/RA010
ULTRA-TECH Environmental Consultancy and Laboratory [recognised by Ministry of Environment & Forests, Govt. of India] is an established Environmental Services provider since 1986. Ultra-Tech, a confluence of environmental analysts and experts, engineers, geologists, sociologists, ecologists and monitoring and management professionals offers services for Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) studies and Environmental Clearance Environmental Due Diligence and Audits, Environmental Status Reports for ULBs. Environmental Advisor For ULBs Water and Wastewater Project consultancy and turnkey execution, Post EC Compliances, Environmental laboratory services and O&M for ETP/STP
Ultra-Tech has well developed infrastructure at Thane, Pune, Kolkatta, Bangalore, Kochi and Singapore to cater to needs of the clients for all environmental services.
CREDENTIALS
• NABET, Quality Council of India, Accreditation for EIA for Metallurgical Projects. • ISO 9001:2008, OSHAS 18001:2008 certified State of the art Environmental Laboratory and Trained Manpower, recognised by MoEF&CC. • Environmental Advisor for Municipal Corporations. • Affiliated to Indian Green Building Council (IGBC), Hyderabad. • Affiliated to United States Green Building Council (USGBC), US. • Environmental Consultants for Federation of All India Textile Manufacturing Association • Environmental Consultants for All India Lead Manufacturing Association.
HONORS We are honored by the following reputed firms for quality environmental consultancy and monitoring services. • TECHNICAL CONSULTANT TO CRISIL, MUMBAI: CETP issues in Gujarat, India • TECHNICAL CONSULTANT TO FAITMA, MUMBAI • TECHNICAL CONSULTANCY SERVICE, PUNE: Environmental Quality Monitoring for Panvel-Karjat Railway Project • RASTRIYA CHEMICALS & FERTILIZERS , MUMBAI: Ambient Air Monitoring INFRASTRUCTURE Well equipped and networked office/laboratory at Thane for conducting
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Air/Stack Quality monitoring Water and Wastewater monitoring Treatability and Feasibility studies Soil Analysis Microbial Analysis
Apart from Thane Head Office, we have branches in Thane, Pune, Kolkatta, Bangalore and Kochi with qualified and experienced professionals. We are planning to extend our services to Middle East and SEA countries in the near future.
ISO 9001:2008 Certification We are ISO 9001:2008 certified with effect from 26th March, 2011
FUNCTIONAL AREAS We have well defined six functional areas as mentioned earlier.
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND CLEARANCE SERVICES Ultra-Tech assists Project proponent to obtain Environmental Clearance from Ministry of Environment and Forests [MoEF] or State level Environment Impact Assessment Authority as well as High Rise Committees [HRC, MCGM] for Projects by preparing EIA Reports based on Primary and Secondary data for following NABET accredited sectors: Sr. Sector As per MoEFCC Category (A/B) No. Notification 1 Mining of minerals including opencast / 1(a) (i) A underground mining 2 Offshore and Onshore Oil & Gas exploration, 1(b) A development & production 3 River Valley, Hydel, Drainage and Irrigation 1(c) A projects 4 Thermal Power Plants 1(d) A 5 Mineral beneficiation including pelletisation 2 (b) A 6 Metallurgical industries (ferrous & 3 (a) A nonferrous) 7 Cement plants 3 (b) A 8 Synthetic organic chemicals industry 5(f) B 9 Distilleries 5(g) A 10 Sugar Industry 5(j) B 11 Oil & Gas transportation pipeline (crude and 6 (a) A refinery/ petrochemical products) passing through national parks/ sanctuaries/coral reefs/ecologically sensitive areas including LNG terminal) 12 Isolated storage & handling of Hazardous 6(b) B chemicals (as per threshold planning quantity indicated in column 3 of schedule2 & 3 of MSIHC rules 1989 amended in 2000
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Sr. Sector As per MoEFCC Category (A/B) No. Notification 13 Ports, harbours, jetties, marine terminals, 7(e) A break waters and dredging 14 Highways railways, Transport Terminals, 7(f) A Mass Rapid transport System. 15 Building & Large construction projects 8(a) B 16 Townships and Area development projects 8(b) B In addition to above, we provide service for clearance of CRZ related Projects.
Our key services include assistance for environmental clearances, consent to establish/ operate/renewal from respective authorities apart from development of environmental management plan, environmental status reports, disaster management plan, environmental and water audits, etc.
Ownership of organization Though, Ultra-Tech is a proprietorship firm, actually it is a confluence of environmental engineers, ecologists, geologists, hydrologists, socio-economic and management experts apart from environmental laboratory sampling and monitoring teams. The company is established in 1986 and celebrated 2011 as its silver jubilee year.
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