GSI / FAIR The Universe in the Lab
Paolo Giubellino
FAIR GmbH | GSI GmbH International School of Subnuclear Physics, Erice, June 2019 1 GSI – Almost 50 Years of Scientific and Technical Competence
. Reference laboratory for nuclear physics in Europe, one of the top heavy-ion accelerator facilities in the world
FAIR GmbH | GSI GmbH 2 Major GSI Discoveries
Isotopes discovered at GSI and FAIR
. New chemical elements . Hundreds of new isotopes . New decay modes
FAIR GmbH | GSI GmbH 3 Major GSI Discoveries
. Innovation in cancer therapy . 440 patients treated on campus before transfer to specialized clicinics
FAIR GmbH | GSI GmbH 4
Ion Beam Therapy Tumor
100 % Ionen-
strahl harte Röntgenstrahlen
50 % Röntgenstrahlung Schädigung
0 % 2 6 10 14 18 Eindringtiefe Eindringtiefe (cm) [cm]
. precise like a scalpel . extremely efficient in destroying the tumor cells . spares the healthy tissue
FAIR GmbH | GSI GmbH continues to address new challenges
Challenge: Novel Applications for Interplay between target movement non-Tumor Diseases and beam scanning (e.g. Heart Arrhythmia)
Solution: Localized irradiation to destroy Advanced beam delivery system: dysfunctional „pacemaker“ areas Speed, Flexibility, Modularity A particle scalpel
FAIR GmbH | GSI GmbH Paolo Giubellino Festival della Scienza, Genova, 2017 Forefront Technologies
. Technological advancements in high-performance & scientific computing, Big Data, Green IT
FAIR GmbH | GSI GmbH 7 FAIR: Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research – A World-Wide Unique Accelerator Facility
. ESFRI Landmark . Top priority for European Nuclear Physics Community . Driver for Innovation in Science and Technology
3 March 2017 8 FAIR GmbH | GSI GmbH 8 FAIR: International Cooperation
. 9 international FAIR Shareholders . 1 Associated Partner (United Kingdom) . 1 Aspirant Partner Czech Republic (Since 2018) . Participation of 3.000 scientists from all continents
FAIR GmbH | GSI GmbH 9 The FAIR Experimentscience: -fourKollaborationen pillars
atomic physics, biophysics, plasma physics, material research APPA
nuclear- and quark-matter CBM
nuclear structure and nuclear astrophysics NuSTAR
hadron structure and dynamics PANDA
FAIR GmbH | GSI GmbH Each heavy atom in our body was build and processed through ~100-1000 star generations since the initial Big Bang event!
We are made of star stuff Carl Sagan
FAIR GmbH | GSI GmbH Questions about the Universe …
. Unique particle accelerator facility
. Where and how were the heavy elements made in the universe? . Where does the periodic table of elements end?
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Neutron Star Mergers and FAIR research … … has recently attracted strong attention
Neutron Star Mergers FAIR Research Pillars Lightcurve . Equation of State (Hades, CBM) . Gravitational wave signal . Amount of ejecta GW170817 observed predicted . Baryon-Baryon interaction (PANDA)
. Exotic neutron-rich nuclei (NUSTAR) . r-process nucleosynthesis and abundancies of the heaviest elements gold, platinum and beyond
. Plasma and atomic opacities (APPA) . Kilonova electromagnetic transient
Copyright: Dana Berry, SkyWorks Digital, Inc Electromagnetic “Kilonova” signal due to “r process” in a NS merger has recently been verified by astronomical observations (August 2017) predicted by GSI scientists paving the way to the solution of one of the greatest science puzzles of the century FAIR GmbH | GSI GmbH 13
Neutron Star Mergers and FAIR research … … has recently attracted strong attention
Neutron StarPHYSICAL Mergers REVIEWFAIR LETTERS Research Pillars LightcurveVolume 122 12/15 February. 2019Equ ation of State (Hades, CBM) HIGHLIGHTED ARTICLES. Gravita tional wave signal observed . Amount of ejecta GW170817 predicted Signatures of Quark-Hadron Phase Identifying a First-Order Phase Transitions in General-Relativistic . BaryonTransition-Baryon in Neutron interaction-Star (P MergersANDA) Neutron-Star Mergers through Gravitational Waves Elias R. Most, L. Jens Papenfort, Veronica Dexheimer, Andreas Bauswein, Niels-Uwe F. Bastian, David B. Matthias Hanauske, Stefan Schramm, Horst Stöcker, and . ExBlaschke,otic ne Katerinautron-r Chatziioannouich nuclei ,( JamesNUS TA.A Clark,R) Luciano Rezzolla .Tobiasr-p rFischer,ocess andnuc Micaelaleosyn tOertelhesis and abundancies of the heaviest elements Fingerprints of Heavy-Elementgold, platinum and beyond
Nucleosynthesis in the Late-Time Lightcurves of Kilonovae. Pl as ma and atom ic op aciti es (APPA) Copyright: Dana MengBerry, -SkyWorksRu Wu, J. Digital, Barnes, Inc G. Martínez. K-Pinedo,ilonov anda e lectromagnetic transient B. D. Metzger
The FAIR experiments offer unique opportunities for studying and
solving these fundamental questions!
FAIR GmbH | GSI GmbH 14 Questions about the Universe …
How Nature makes the building blocks of life
Alpha fusion on 12C is the stellar reaction of paramount importance,
W.A. Fowler, Nobel lecture 1983
rate insufficiently known at astrophysically energies 12C
4 16 He O Experiment in inverse kinematics (Coulomb dissociation) requires high energies -> GSI/FAIR
FAIR GmbH | GSI GmbH Neutrinos from the Sun
Sun by night in neutrinos 1. Neutrino Physics: The LOREX Project
Superkamiokande Lorandite (TlAsS2) as Solar pp-neutrino detector GSI/FAIR – provides capture cross-section
Did the sun always shine like today? Looking backwars via LOREX project
Measurement unique for storage rings -> GSI/FAIR
FAIR GmbH | GSI GmbH 16 Questions about the Universe
Matter in the interior of the Earth and of large planets • The interior of our Earth is most likely composed of liquid iron. What is exactly the melting curve for iron?
• Does hydrogen form a metallic state under the extreme conditions of pressure and temperature on and in Jupiter? How does hydrogene separate from He?
• Are there diamond layers in Uranus and Neptune? What role does the high- density metallic state of water play for the magnetic field in Uranus and Neptune?
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More Universe in the lab … FAIR will be able to produce the full CR spectrum
Space radiation protection
(A) recognition memory (B) spatial memory
ESA ground-based facility for European studies on space radiation risk and countermeasures (IBER)
Unique worldwide facility for simulation of the full GCR including very high energy heavy ions
FAIR GmbH | GSI GmbH Durante & Cucinotta, Nature Rev. Cancer (2008) 18 Studying cosmic radiation induced processes
astrophysical ice grains (H2O, CH4, CO2, NH3, SO2... )
CnHm polyaromatic hydrocarbons C H NO amino acids 200 MeV Ca ions 6 13 2 C60, C70 fullerenes 1 µm
spectrum of large desorbed molecules
irradiation chamber and spectrometer FAIR GmbH | GSI GmbH FAIR – The Facility
• Intensity gain: x 100 – 1000 • 10 x energy (comp. to GSI) • Antimatter: antiproton beams • Precision: System of storage and cooler rings
Unique features: • Flexibility and parallel operation • Intense and high-energy heavy-ion beams • Storage rings and beam cooling: Beam quality
FAIR GmbH | GSI GmbH 20 Status of FAIR Project: Civil Construction Progress since official start on 4th of July 2017
July 4th 2017
January / February 2019
January 2019
FAIR GmbH | GSI GmbH 21 Status of FAIR Project: Civil Construction Progress since official start on 4th of July 2017
July 4th 2017 Bird‘s View
January / February 2019
19 May 2019 January 2019
FAIR GmbH | GSI GmbH 22
Status of FAIR: Accelerators: construction / procurement progress
36 sc dipole SIS100 modules manufactured SIS100 quadrupole units shipped from JINR All 51 HEBT vacuum chambers of batch 1 at BNG and 22 shipped to GSI and tested to BNG for integration in FOS module delivered (BINP, Russia)
The series production of RF – debunchers All HESR Dipoles are produced, in Jülich Delivery of 1st 6 series Power Converter and 65% are delivered to FAIR from India, (ECIL, India)
FAIR GmbH | GSI GmbH 23 Distributed testing infrastructure for the FAIR superconducting magnets
FAIR GmbH | GSI GmbH The Experiments: Key Technologies of FAIR and GSI November 21st, 2018 25
New CRYRING@GSI/FAIR
• FIRST FAIR accelerator • ready for experiments and tests
View from local injector to the ring
FAIR GmbH | GSI GmbH 26 FAIR – four research pillars
SIS100 APPA CBM
HESR Production of NUSTARantiprotons
100 meters Super- Existing facility FRS
Planned facility
PANDA Experiments
FAIR GmbH | GSI GmbH 27
APPA
. Atomic, Plasma Physics
HED plasma and Applications
. About 800 members
. Wide field of science
MAT - . basic research into SPARC BIO material, biological and medical applications and space research
ESR Atomic Physics
Cryring SPARC: ~400 members from 26 countries Plasma Physics HESR HED: ~300 members from 16 countries
Materials Research and Biophysics BIOMAT: ~100 members from 12 countries
FAIR GmbH | GSI GmbH 28 APPA - Atomic Physics, Plasma Physics, and Applied Sciences
APPA Cave
FAIR GmbH | GSI GmbH 29 Ion Beam Facilities / Trapping & Storage
Precision: Stored and Cooled Worldwide Highly-Charged Ions (e.g. U92+) and Exotic Nuclei Unique From Rest to Relativistic Energies (up to 4.9 GeV/u)
• Radiative corrections in the non- perturbative regime • Correlated multi-body dynamics for atoms and ions • Precision determination of fundamental constants • Influence of atomic structure on nuclear decay properties • Astrophysics with Stored Highly Charged Ions
FAIR GmbH | GSI GmbH KHuK meeting, 7 December 2018 30 APPA Cave for Plasma Physics / HED@FAIR
Properties of materials driven Shocked matter and material Basic properties of strongly- to extreme conditions and equation of state (EOS). coupled plasma created with relevant to planetary science. heavy ion beams and lasers.
External Drivers Dynamic compression (shocks, ramp) or fast heating by external drivers: e.g.: high energy laser
Proton Radiography PRIOR: Use protons for precise density measurements PHELIX@GSI
FAIR GmbH | GSI GmbH 31 BIOMAT / Materials Research & Bio Physics
Biophysics APPA Cave Materials Research
BIOMAT
• Simulation of galactic radiation • Materials behavior under extreme main hindrance toward manned space conditions exploration • Irradiations under high pressure solids • Widely unknown biological effects of with new phases, unknown phase heavy ions transitions in mineralogy and geophysics • Space radiation biophysics • Radiation hardness of accelerator and NASA and ESA started a large spacecraft components experimental campaign • Ion-matter interaction at relativistic • Particle therapy beam energies
FAIR GmbH | GSI GmbH 32 C.B.M. HADES …… CBM . Compressed Baryonic Matter Experiments . About 400 members
FAIR GmbH | GSI GmbH 33 CBM - Compressed Baryonic Matter
CBM Experiment at FAIR: Systematically explore QCD matter at large baryon densities with high accuracy and rare probes, at highest interaction rates in the field.
Tetyana Galatyuk, Quark Matter 2018, “Future high-µB facilities“
FAIR GmbH | GSI GmbH 34 C.B.M. and Neutron Stars or Mergers …
Au+Au collision Neutron Star merger at 1.25A GeV
e+ e-
g*
FAIR GmbH | GSI GmbH CBM Experiment at FAIR
. typical collision system: Au79+ +Au at 4 to 11 AGeV . Day 1: beam intensity: 5x107 ions/sec; interaction rate 0.5 MHz . MSV: beam intensity: 109 ions/sec; interaction rate 10 MHz
HADES CBM Polar angle coverage
FAIR GmbH | GSI GmbH 36 Status of FAIR: experiments CBM and HADES
CBM TRD module test at DESY
beam dump completed
HADES, ready for beam FAIR GmbH | GSI GmbH 37 NUSTAR
. Nuclear Structure, Astrophysics and Reactions Super- . About 800 members FRS
NUSTAR
FAIR GmbH | GSI GmbH 38 NUclear STructure Astrophysics and Reactions
• The limits of nuclear existence (lifetimes, decays, …) • Ground state properties (masses, radii, …) • Structure of excited states (shell structure, shapes, …) • Unbound and other exotic system (halo, skin, …) • Nuclear equation of state
FAIR GmbH | GSI GmbH 39 NUSTAR - Origin of Elements in the Universe
Neutron Star Merger „Nucleosynthesis sites“ in the universe
Type I Supernova
Nova Type II Supernova „Nucleosynthesis sites” at FAIR
Sun
Primary intensities R3B vs. GSI: x 100 SFRS
ILIMA, EXL at CR SIS production 100 target and at ESR, HESR, Cryring 40 FAIR GmbH | GSI GmbH The Experiments: Key Technologies of FAIR and GSI November40 21st, 2018 40 NUSTAR - Origin of Elements in the Universe
Neutron Star Merger „Nucleosynthesis sites“ in the universe
High SIS100 energies + SFRS: Type I Supernova superior charge separation Nova Type II Supernova and beam quality
Sun
Primary intensities R3B vs. GSI: x 100 SFRS SPES-ILIMALNL
SIS production 100 target 41 FAIR GmbH | GSI GmbH 41 Status of NuSTAR experiments - detector R&D and construction
MUCH TRD
FAIR GmbH | GSI GmbH 42 PANDA
. antiProton ANnihilations at DArmstadt . About 500 members
PANDA
FAIR GmbH | GSI GmbH 43 PANDA - AntiProton Annihilation at Darmstadt
NUPECC Long Range Plan The combination of PANDA’s discovery potential for new states, coupled with the ability to perform high-precision systematic measurements is not realised at any other facility or experiment in the world.
FAIR GmbH | GSI GmbH 44 PANDA - AntiProton Annihilation at Darmstadt
HESR
FAIR GmbH | GSI GmbH KHuK meeting, 7 December 2018 45 Pellet Target
Muon Cluster Jet Detector Target
Target Beam Dump Magnet Yoke Octant
FAIR GmbH | GSI GmbH Schedule for FAIR Science
A . Working towards the completion of FAIR by 2025 P P . Major thrust is on construction of FAIR accelerators A and experiments.
. At the same time staged approach to FAIR science C B and progressive commissioning of accelerators M and detectors:
N U S . T FAIR phase 0 : start in 2018/2019 A . FAIR day 1 configurations/ phase 1 experiments R with FAIR accelerators progressively approaching P A design parameters from 2024/25 … N D A
FAIR GmbH | GSI GmbH 50 Accelerator and Experimental Facilities available for FAIR phase-0
FRS ESR HITRAP Cryring
SIS18
ESR R3B UNILAC / SIS18 CRYRING
PHELIX TASCA SHIP HADES
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R3B Start Version for Phase 0G LAD magnet leaving CEA Saclay for its temporary storage until final move to GSI (photo: C. Mayri, CEA Saclay). Finally, on November 5, the GLAD magnet arrived on GSI premises and was safely unloaded and brought into the experimental hall next to Cave C at GSI. After first initial mechanical tests, the GLAD magnet will be moved into Cave C where it will stay for the next years and will be used for experiments until the final move to the high-energy cave of NUSTAR/FAIR. See also news flash here.
GLAD magnet on the truck being maneuvered toward the entrance of the experimental hall at GSI (photos: A. Herlert and G. Otto).
GLAD magnet (French in-kind contribution)
GLAD magnet standing in the experimental hall close to Cave C at GSI. Right after arrival, the pumping of the cryostat was started in order to check the mechanical integrity (photo: A. Herlert). Contact: Haik Simon (GSI)
FAIR GmbH | GSI GmbH LaSpec 52 First physics results from the LaSpec prototype The LaSpec prototype, TRIGA-LASER, has been used to measure isotope shifts of the singly- 40,42,44,48 + 2 2 ionized stable calcium isotopes Ca in the 4s S1/2 4p P3/2 transition. Measurements were performed using collinear laser spectroscopy, utilizing a high-precision 2 2 reference of the 4s S1/2 4p P1/2 transition in a Paul trap for beam-energy calibration. As 2 2 a result, the accuracy of the isotope shifts in the 4s S1/2 4p P3/2 transition were improved by about an order of magnitude. Comparison with the trap measurements in a King-plot-type analysis revealed that the electronic expectation value inside the nucleus is With the help of a2 500-t crane, th2 e GLAD magnet was lifted from the truck onto air cushions for further about 1.8(13) % larger in the 4p P1/2 level than in the 4p P3/2 level. This is ascribed to retlartaivinstisc pcoontrrtib uitniotnos t ot thhe 4 pe1/x2 pwaever ifmuncetionnt. Tahle hreasultls (hpavhe boeteno psu:b lAish.e dH ine rlert and G. Otto). Journal of Physics B. It is the first physics result that has been obtained with the LaSpec prototype and demonstrates its feasibility to perform high accuracy isotope shift measurements. Additionally, we provided important reference data for isotope shift values of stable calcium ions and helpful calibration data for collinear laser spectroscopy measurements on the neutron-rich isotopes beyond 48Ca, in investigations of the D2 transition currently being performed at the COLLAPS setup at ISOLDE/CERN. 7 / 11 Heavy element studies with collinear laser spectroscopy at JYFL Recently, a new program to study heavy actinide elements using a combination of laser resonance ionization and collinear laser spectroscopy has been initiated at the IGISOL
8 / 11 First beam on miniCBM@SIS18 A glimpse of actual beam- ready miniCBM setup which received beam on target.
Data from individual read-out chains of the subsystems mSTS, mMUCH and mTOF is possible.
FAIR GmbH | GSI GmbH 54 February 27, 2019 HADES collaboration
HADES RICH upgrade February 27, 2019 HADES collaboration The new HADES ECAL o Based on lead glass recycled from OPAL o Refurbished and complemented with HADES TRB3 PADIWA read-out system based on commodity hardware (cell phones, FPGAs)
FAIR in-kind contribution
Four sectors ready for beam
Contributing teams: JU Krakow, CU Prague/Rez, GSI, TU Darmstadt Calorimeter main frame (blue) in-kind contribution Poland Online-QA spectra from January 27, 2019
Photon raw time-of-flight From HADES: Status of the experiment Excellent! ECAL (four sectors) and MAPMT-based RICH fully operational Data acquisition chain, including new TRB3-TDC boards, event building and storage can go up to 20 kHz in the flat top. Due to compromise between detector stability, reconstruction performance and statistics we typically run with around 15 kHz.
6/23/2019 59
Slow extraction of beams to HADES Closer to a ‚dc beam‘ Higher duty factor for HADES
Tune variation by fixed frequency modulation at the magnet’s power supply: o Ripple in quadrupole power supplies of several 100 Hz causes spill structures of duration ∼ 1 ms DCCT Magnet with peaks and voids.
Power Supply o Application of high frequency with f ∼ 5 kHz splits spill peaks and fills voids. PS Control o Spill ripple power spectrum with a tiny additional Sine wave current peak but total ripple power reduced by one order generator ‘Kepco’ of magnitude. FAIR 2025
Unique Opportunities . . . & Challenges
Thank You!
FAIR GmbH | GSI GmbH 60
FAIR GmbH | GSI GmbH FAIR is coming
FAIR is a unique opportunity for world science. . A fascinating and very broad science program, with world class experiments The Project is rapidly developing . Both civil construction and procurement of accelerator components proceed rapidly, aiming at the start of FAIR by 2025 . First-class intermediate research program, FAIR phase 0, since 2018. . A major international review early this year confirmed both the scientific value and the construction timescales
A perfect place for ambitious new talents!
FAIR GmbH | GSI GmbH P Giubellino, India at FAIR 6/23/2019 62 Experiments at SIS-18
Biophysics, ESA with a broad user program
Cave A and cave M tested with reference beam during the engineering run
Nustar / R3B S444 R. Gernhäuser “R3B Commissioning” S473 T. Aumann “Measurements of accurate cross sections with R3B” S454 M. Heil “Studying the astrophysical reaction rate of 12C(a,g)16O”
Reference beam was tested during the engineering run
Hades S477 J. Stroth “Properties of hadron resonances and baryon rich matter“
Final beam commissioning ongoing
mCBM S471 N. Herrmann “mCBM commissioning”
Reference beam was tested during the engineering run
FAIR GmbH | GSI GmbH Experiments at UNILAC
Biophysics and Materials research with a brought user program of approx. 50 proposals
Using standard beams
Super heavy elements (SHE) UMAT C. Trautmann e.g. M-branch user facility
Reference beams were tested during the engineering run
SHE Chemistry SHE Physics TASCA SHIPTRAP
U310 D. Rudolph “Spectroscopy of Flerovium” U313 M. Laatiaoui “Laser spectroscopy of nobelium and lawrencium ”
FAIR GmbH | GSI GmbH