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SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBI O THE MARINE SCIENCES • NUMBER 37 SERIES PUBLICATIONS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION
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I. Michael Heyman Secretary Smithsonian Institution SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES • NUMBER 37
Nile Delta Drill Core and Sample Database for 1985-1994: Mediterranean Basin (MEDIBA) Program
Daniel Jean Stanley, James E. McRea, Jr., and John C. Waldron
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS Washington, D.C. 1996 AB STRACT Stanley, Daniel Jean, James E. McRea, Jr., and John C. Waldron. Nile Delta Drill Core and Sample Database for 1985-1994: Mediterranean Basin (MEDIBA) Program. Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences, number 37,428 pages, 10 figures, 2 tables, 1996.—This document is designed to serve as the catalog for a complete set of lithologic logs of 87 sediment borings drilled in the northern Nile delta of Egypt in the course of the Nile Delta Project, from 1985 to 1994. The project, part of the Mediterranean Basin (MEDIBA) Program, was initiated to interpret the recent geological evolution of this depocenter, from the time of its formation about 8000 years ago to the present. The data set includes the major petrologic attributes of these borings, which range in length from -20 to 60 m. The results of textural and sand-sized compositional analyses of 2500 core samples are provided, as well as the ages of 358 radiocarbon-dated samples to as old as -35,000 years before present. These data constitute the foundation of the Nile Delta Project's investigation. A review of the methods employed in the field and laboratory and an inventory of published articles and theses completed through 1994 as part of this multidisciplinary and multinational effort also are presented. This database facilitates the distinction between anthropogenic and natural factors that determine the evolution of the delta. It is intended to provide a comprehensive record of subsurface deposits in the northern delta, accumulating in late Pleistocene to Holocene time, to be used by those agencies and specialists responsible for monitoring the rapidly changing Nile delta depocenter. The information published in this document is accessible electronically on the Internet from the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of Natural History Gopher Server at URL "gopher://nmnhgoph.si.edu/llApaleo" or via hypertext document (http) at "http://nmnhwww.si.edu/gopher-menus/." Further information can be obtained from the National Museum of Natural History's Collection and Research Information System (CRIS) Program, Washington, D.C. 20560.
OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year. SERIES COVER DESIGN: Seascape along the Atlantic Coast of eastern North America.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Stanley, Daniel J. Nile Delta drill core and sample database for 1985-1994: Mediterranean Basin (MEDIBA) Program / Daniel Jean Stanley, James E. McRea, Jr., and John C. Waldron. p. cm. — (Smithsonian contributions to the marine sciences ; no. 37) Includes bibliographical references (p. 426-428). 1. Borings—Egypt—Nile River Delta—Catalogs. 2. Geology, Stratigraphic—Quaternary—Catalogs. 3. Geology—Egypt—Nile River Delta—Catalogs. I. McRea, James E. II. Waldron, John C. III. Title. IV. Series. QE328.S73 1996 551.7'9'09621-dc20 96-17239
© The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials Z39.48—1984. Contents
Page Introduction 1 Acknowledgments 3 Methods 4 Core Collection 4 Laboratory Analyses 7 Radiocarbon Dating 10 Nile Delta Project Data Used in Scientific Literature 11 Studies Listed by Location 11 Studies Listed by Topic and Theme 12 Petrology, Composition, and Texture 12 Faunal Analyses 13 Floral Analyses 13 Geochemical Analyses 13 Neotectonism and Its Effects on the Delta 13 Sea-level and Climatic Factors Affecting the Delta 13 Chrono- and Lithostratigraphic Correlations 18 Provenance, Dispersal, and Paleogeography 18 Archeological Considerations 18 Anthropogenic Factors and Impact 18 Nile Delta Lagoons 19 Comparing the Nile with Other World Deltas 19 Applications for Delta Management 19 Appendix 1: Core Lithological Logs 21 Appendix 2: Core Sample Data Listings 205 Literature Cited 426
in
Nile Delta Drill Core and Sample Database for 1985-1994 Mediterranean Basin (MEDIBA) Program
Daniel Jean Stanley, James E. McRea, Jr., and John C. Waldron
Introduction particularly in view of the increased effects of humans on world river and coastal systems. For example, emplacement of dams, Modern marine deltas are vital agricultural and aquacultural diversion and dredging of river channels, intensification of resources for the world's rapidly growing population. These agricultural projects, construction of increasingly complex and coastal depocenters are generally low-lying and thus highly dense irrigation systems, and modification of coastlines are vulnerable to natural environmental changes, such as global producing unexpected and frequently deleterious side-effects in sea-level oscillations and vertical displacement of land relative deltaic areas. Coastal management reports on deltas all concur to sea level. Most of the world's large deltas are subsiding, that this interaction of natural and anthropogenic factors is largely as an isostatic response to loading by thick depositional presently inducing accelerated changes in delta plains and sequences and their compaction. Thus, even if global sea level coasts (Kay, 1993), and that these environments now require were not to rise in the future, the lower plains and coasts of more active monitoring by scientists and engineers. Geologists deltas are particularly prone to incursion by the sea, which will can play a valuable role in this type of environmental induce land loss and reduce agricultural productivity at a time monitoring in that they are trained to map and evaluate changes when it is most needed. The situation will be substantially in time and space. Moreover, they are adept in using a aggravated if global sea level should rise, as predicted by some multidisciplinary approach that integrates stratal geometry and for the next century (Wigley and Raper, 1992). petrologic, biological, and chemical information (Broussard, Until recently, surprisingly little research pertaining to deltas 1975; Coleman, 1982; Posamentier and Vail, 1987; Stanley and has focused on differentiating the effects of global rise in sea Wame, 1993a). level from those of lowering of land by isostasy, tectonism, and It is recalled that the Nile delta, positioned in a desert sediment compaction. This problem is of considerable concern, environment on the northeastern African margin, was one of the first such depocenters to attract the attention of scholars Daniel Jean Stanley, Deltas-Global Change Program, Departmentintereste of d in recording deltaic phenomena. In the mid-fifth Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsoniancentur y B.C., the Greek historian Herodotus called attention to Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560. James E. McRea, Jr., Division of Paleobotany, Department of Paleobiology, National Museum ofsom e general sedimentological aspects of the Nile delta, and to Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560.its triangula r shape giving rise to the term "delta" to denote this John C. Waldron, Deltas-Global Change Program, Department typof e of geographical feature. Despite this early interest, no Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsoniansystematic , comprehensive geological and environmental study Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560. of the Nile delta had been undertaken prior to the end of this Review Chairman: William A. DiMichele, Department of Paleobiol ogy, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution.century . Reviewers: Terry A. Nelsen, Atlantic Oceanographic and MeteorologA project to define the late Quaternary geological evolution ical Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,of the lower Nile delta plain of northern Egypt, taking into 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, Florida 33149; and Donald J.P. Swift, Department of Oceanography, Old Dominion University,accoun t both natural and anthropogenic factors, was thus Norfolk, Virginia 23529. initiated in 1985 at the National Museum of Natural History,
1 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES
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Smithsonian Institution. The Nile delta depocenter was theses have been completed, and 25 presentations have been specifically selected for several reasons: (1) this delta is the made at scientific meetings by the end of 1994. major breadbasket for Egypt, where the population is now A synthesis article summarizing the salient aspects of the late approaching 60 million; (2) Egypt's already limited percapita Quaternary history (the past -30,000 years are considered) of arable land has declined steadily to about 0.06 ha, now the the northern Nile delta, based in large part on the study of the lowest figure of any country in Africa (Biswas, 1993); (3) the numerous core samples, was recently published (Stanley and delta's northern sector is near (elevation of little more than 1 m) Wame, 1993a). The present monograph serves as a companion and in some areas below sea level, and thus it is particularly document and detailed data source to this synthesis and also to vulnerable to even small changes of sea level; (4) the delta has earlier project publications. Its main purpose is to present a long been occupied, cultivated, and modified by humans complete set of simplified lithologic logs of the 87 sediment (Butzer, 1976; Stanley and Wame, 1993b); and (5) its fluvial cores (Appendix 1) and the results of textural and sand-size regime has been completely altered since the beginning of the compositional analyses of 2496 core samples (Appendix 2) that century by intensified irrigation projects and emplacement of constitute the foundation of Nile Delta Project investigations. two dams at Aswan and also a series of barrages along the Nile We also provide herein a brief review of the various methods from upper Egypt to near the Mediterranean coast (Waterbury, employed, and an inventory of specific topics and interpreta 1979). tions published in scientific journals and as theses derived from these and other data collected as part of the project during the Following closure of the High Aswan Dam in 1964, past 10 years. The present document is thus intended to provide numerous studies have focused on increased problems related a comprehensive database for the northern Nile delta during the to land reclamation (Waterbury, 1979; Biswas, 1993) and late Pleistocene to Holocene that may be used by those erosion of the Nile delta coast (UNDP/UNESCO, 1976, 1977, responsible for monitoring changes in the rapidly evolving Nile 1978; Abdel-Kader, 1982; Frihy, 1988; Smith and Abdel- delta depocenter. Kader, 1988). Recent changes offshore (Stanley and Maldo- To facilitate data computer exchange and distribution, all the nado, 1977; Maldonado and Stanley, 1978; Coleman et al., information published in this document (-75 megabytes) is 1981; Frihy and Lotfy, 1994), including those in the northern accessible to users of the Internet from the Smithsonian sector of the Suez Canal that crosses the northeastern delta Institution's National Museum of Natural History Gopher (Morcos and Messieh, 1973; Stanley et al., 1982; Gerges and Server at URL "gopher://nmnhgoph.si.edu/llApaleo" or via Stanley, 1985), have also been considered. It is of note, hypertext document (http) at "http://nmnhwww.si.edu/go- however, that as recently as the early 1980s, no systematic pher-menus/." Further information can be obtained from the analyses had been made of the recent geological history of the National Museum of Natural History's Collections and landward part of the delta. Research Information System (CRIS) Program, Washington, D.C. 20560. In 1983, the senior author was invited to Egypt to assess the ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.—The Nile Delta Project within the possibility of initiating a long-term geological study of the Nile Mediterranean Basin (MEDIBA) Program has been a team delta and its evolution from latest Pleistocene to Holocene effort in every sense, involving the valued cooperation of many time. The Nile Delta Project was formalized and officially specialists from diverse organizations. The research has initiated in early 1985, and for ten years it became the major benefited greatly from their collaboration, input, and interac activity of staff and visiting scientists participating in the tion during the past 10 years. Most came to the Smithsonian Mediterranean Basin (MEDIBA) Program. Throughout this Institution, some for extended research visits of up to two period, the project was directed from the United States' years. We are indebted to the following for active contributions National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, to various aspects of the research (listed in alphabetical order): in Washington, D.C, and involved the cooperation of Egyptian H.S. El D. Abdel Wahab (Ain Shams University, Cairo), M. scientists at the Coastal Research Institute in Alexandria, the Abu-Zeid (Ain Shams University, Cairo), D. Arbouille (Petro- Ain Shams University in Abassiya, Cairo, and the University of Consultants, Geneva), D. Arnold (Metropolitan Museum of Cairo. More than 40 scientists from North America, Egypt, Art, New York), M.P. Bernasconi (University of Calabria, Europe, and Asia have been part of the Nile Delta Project team. Cosenza), Z. Chen (East China Normal University, Shanghai), To interpret the late Pleistocene and Holocene history of the V. Coutellier (Laboratoire de G6odynamique, Villefranche-sur- northern Nile delta, including its coastal plain, lagoons, Mer), H.R. Davis (Environmental Protection Agency, Wash marshes, and strandline, the project emphasized study of a ington), J. Dominik (University of Geneva, Versoix), G. series of radiocarbon-dated sediment cores. A large number of Drapeau (University of Quebec, Rimouski), A. Foucault borings were recovered from drill sites established across the (Mus6um National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris), G.L. Freeland northern delta (Figure 1), enabling us to interpret sedimentary (Freeland and Associates, Miami), O.E. Frihy (Coastal Re facies and evaluate their changes in time and space by study of search Institute, Alexandria), CD. Gerber (Woodward-Clyde the petrology, geochemistry, fauna, and flora of approximately Consultants, Washington), M.A. Gerges (UNDP/UNESCO, 3500 core samples. Remote sensing and archeological data Nairobi), H. Goedicke (The Johns Hopkins University, were also used in this project. As a direct result of this joint Baltimore), G.A. Goodfriend (Carnegie Geophysical Labora effort, 52 articles have been published in scientific journals, 7 tory, Washington), N. Gupta (Ohio State University, Colum- SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES
bus), H.A. Hamroush (University of Cairo, Cairo), F.H. Hamza National Museum of Natural History, and the Museum's (Ain Shams University, Cairo), H.L. Howa (University of Department of Paleobiology. A large part of the field expenses, Bordeaux, Talence), M. Kontrovitz (Northeast Louisiana including drilling, were generously borne by the Research and University, Monroe), V.A. Kulyk (The George Washington Exploration Committee of the National Geographic Society. University, Washington), S. Leroy (Universite Catholique de We also gratefully acknowledge the much needed support to Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve), N. Liyanage (Air Liquide Labo meet field, laboratory, and postdoctoral research expenses ratories, Tsukuba), J.-L. Loizeau (University of Geneva, given by AMOCO, ARCO, ELF-Aquitaine (Washington), Versoix), F. Longo (University of Calabria, Cosenza), M. IEOC-Cairo, and TEXACO-USA. Morsi (Ain Shams University, Cairo), Y. Pan (Wuhan College This monograph was kindly reviewed by T.A. Nelsen and of Geology, Hubei), A. Pimmel (Texas A & M, College D.J.P. Swift, and also by Z. Chen and A.G. Wame. Station), N. Pugliese (University of Trieste, Trieste), G. Randazzo (University of Catania, Catania), J. Schneiderman (Pomona College, Claremont), H. Sheng (National Museum of Methods Natural History, Washington), B.S. Shergill (University of CORE COLLECTION.—The northern Nile delta plain is Kentucky, Lexington), F.R. Siegel (The George Washington characterized by low gentle relief and dense vegetal cover, and University, Washington), M.L. Slaboda (The George Washing by the general absence of surface exposures of older Holocene ton University, Washington), J.M. Slack (Bossier Parish and late Pleistocene deposits. These attributes, plus the variable Community College, Bossier City, Louisiana), B. Thomas thickness (< 10 m to > 50 m) and gentle inclination of (Universite" Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris), and A.G. Warne subsurface Holocene strata, thus required that drilling be used (Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg). to study the late Quaternary geological evolution of the Nile Our most special appreciation is expressed to our good delta. The basis of the drilling strategy was to systematically friend, Dr. Bahay Issawi, Assistant Secretary for State in Cairo, recover complete sections of Holocene marine, brackish, and for his strong support of our project. His recognition of the alluvial deposits of the modern Nile delta and portions of the potential value of our research for Egypt, as well as his firm underlying late Pleistocene alluvial deposits. Our preliminary backing and persuasive initiatives to facilitate our field work in surveys indicated that the area of major interest should extend the delta, made all the difference. Dr. A. Bassiouni, Chairman across the entire deltaic arc, from the east at the Gulf of Tineh of the Department of Geology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, to the outskirts of Alexandria as far as Burg el Arab in the west encouraged the Faculty of Science and some of his staff to (a distance of -225 km). The study area in the low-lying become involved in Nile delta research. We are indebted to northern third of the delta also extends as far south as -30 km Engineer A. Madi of MISR Raymond International in Cairo for from the present Mediterranean coast (Figure 1) to ensure that maintaining technical interest in our project, with friendship, long drill cores collected in this sector would allow reasonably flexibility, and good will, and to Mr. M. Hamzawi, MISR detailed stratigraphic correlations and paleogeographic inter Raymond supervisor in Ismailia, for his gentle and even humor, pretations of former interfingering fluvial, deltaic, and marine ingenuity, and human qualities that kept the work on schedule sections to be made. It was anticipated that the region selected during those five drilling expeditions. We will also remember for drilling would help define those areas of the delta most the long hours in the field shared with the drilling teams, which susceptible to rising sea level and land subsidence. in 1985, 1987, 1988, 1989, and 1990 were so ably led by field A total of 87 Smithsonian cores (S1-S87) ranging in depth supervisors Awad, Saleh, Moustafa, and El Moati. from -20 to 60 m (lithologic logs in Appendix 1) and relatively We express our gratitude to numerous persons who provided evenly spaced (-10 km) across the northern Nile delta were valuable assistance at the Smithsonian Institution: W. Boykins, recovered (Figure 1). These were collected during five field H. Sheng, and J. Wingerath for processing samples in the seasons: cores SI-SI 7 in September-October 1985; cores Sedimentology Laboratory; R.L. Stuckenrath, Radiobiological S18-S30 in April-May 1987; cores S31-S46 in August- Laboratory, for radiocarbon analyses made at the beginning of September 1988; cores S47-S65 in September 1989; and the Project; D.A. Dean, for thin section preparation in the cores S66-S87 in August-September 1990. Drilling of the Department of Paleobiology; M. Parrish, for drafting graphs cores was made progressively from east to west across the and plates, at the Department of Paleobiology Illustration northern Nile delta. Positioning of drill sites in the field was Laboratory; and V. Krantz, L. Thomas, and M.E. McCaffrey, determined using recent detailed contour maps (scale 1:50,000) for assistance at the Smithsonian's Department of Photographic compiled since the 1970s by the U.S. Defense Mapping Services. Agency Hydrographic/Topographic Center in Washington, Funding for the Nile Delta Project during the period D.C. (DMA Map Series P 773 and 1501 NH 36), and also 1985-1994 was provided primarily by numerous Smithsonian diverse sets of satellite images. Core number, total core length, Institution awards and grants, including those from the date of core recovery, latitude and longitude, and approximate Scholarly Studies Program, Office of the Assistant Secretary geographic position of each of the 87 core sites is listed in for Science, Office of Fellowships and Grants, Director of the Table 1. Accuracy of core site positions in most cases is to NUMBER 37
TABLE 1.—Data pertaining to Smithsonian boring sites S1-S87 collected as a primary base for the Nile Delta Project in 1985, 1987, 1988, 1989, and 1990. General information lists the total length of core, date of recovery, latitude, longitude, and approximate location of the drill site (see Figure 1). U.S. Defense Mapping Agency chart series P 773 and 1501 NH 36 served as a control for latitude and longitude, which provides accuracy to within 6 seconds, or -200 m.
Borehole Total Date Approximate number length (m) recovered Latitude Longitude location SI 28.96 9/25/1985 31°26'54"N 31°46'42"E In Abbas Zahir S2 19.81 9/29/1985 31°18'18"N 31°36'18"E 1.2 km ENE Abu Hammuda S3 29.87 9/23/1985 31°17'48"N 31°43'24"E 0.9 km SW El Ghuneimiya S4 32.46 9/30/1985 31°13'42"N 31°30'54"E 1.5kmNNWElHisas S5 27.43 9/19/1985 31011'36"N 31°39'30"E 1 km NW Nasi Ez. Hasan Shakir S6 26.37 9/16/1985 31° 6'30"N 31°42'36"E 1.5 km E El Gineina S7 24.38 9/12/1985 31° 7'48"N 31°52'18"E 6.5 km SW Manzalah S8 41.30 9/8/1985 31°12'48"N 32° 2'18"E 2.5 km N El Matariya S9 15.70 9/4/1985 30°58'42"N 31°52'42"E 1 km E San El Hagar El Qibliya S10 24.38 9/2/1985 30°51'24"N 32° 1'12"E 2 km NNE El Munagat El Kubra Sll 29.87 9/8/1985 30°55'12"N 32°18'24"E 3.5 km SE Ez. El Cop S12 23.77 9/12/1985 31° 3'48"N 32°33'18"E 2.5 km NE Tel El Farama S13 30.48 9/15/1985 31° 4'42"N 32°23'36"E Israeli Rd. 7.8 km E of Suez Canal S14 23.16 9/18/1985 30°59'54"N 32°28'12"E 7.5 km WSW Baluza S15 35.36 9/22/1985 31° 7'30"N 32°30'18"E 9 km NW Tel El Farama S16 28.04 9/30/1985 31°21'36"N 32° 3'48"E 1 km WSW Ez. Shalabi El Rudi S17 43.28 10/1/1985 31°22'42"N 31°57'54"E 0.7 km NE Geziret Umm Abdalla S18 53.19 4/26/1987 31° 4'42"N 32°20'30"E 11.5 km WNW Tel Farama S19 12.19 5/2/1987 31° 2'54"N 32°33' 0"E At Tel Farama S20 50.29 5/4/1987 31° 6'36"N 32°18' 6"E 1 km W Suez Canal NE Extension S21 49.38 5/17/1987 31°13'48"N 32°20'30"E 3 km SE Port Fouad S22 37.80 5/12/1987 31° 1'18"N 32°12'30"E 2 km W Ushash Arab Zeidan S23 13.72 5/10/1987 30°49'48"N 32°15'12"E In Alawi Umm El Rish S24 10.97 5/9/1987 30°51' 6"N 32°10'18"E 5.5 km SW Ushash Ibrahim Abu Muh S25 14.33 5/13/1987 30°57'42"N 32°10'48"E 4 km SW Ushash Arab El Gadadia S26 13.72 5/12/1987 30°54'24"N 32° T48"E 0.2 km SE Minshat Abu Omar S27 15.24 5/16/1987 31° 0'24"N 32° 1'54"E 3 km S Ubash Mallaha S28 36.58 5/24/1987 31°26'30"N 31°33'18"E 0.7 km SSW Ez. El Gamasa El Shardya S29 39.62 5/25/1987 31°21'42"N 31°27' 6"E 0.5 km W Ez. El Mazia S30 42.67 5/22/1987 31°24'30"N 32° 0'42"E 4 km NW Ez. Shalabi Rudi S31 45.72 8/21/1988 31°22' 6"N 31°36' 0"E 2.5 km E Kafr Wastani S32 21.34 9/1/1988 31°16'48"N 31°24'30"E 0.3 km SW Hagg Shirbin Ez. Bahr El Ish S33 25.91 8/27/1988 31°24'42"N 31°21'48"E 0.5 km N Ez. El Gezira S34 39.62 8/29/1988 31°27'12"N 31°23'18"E 2 km N Abu Madi S35 35.05 8/24/1988 31°31'42"N 31°18'30"E 1 km SE Qabr Sidi Durrgnam S36 45.72 9/5/1988 31°27'48"N 31°15'24"E 0.5 km W ruins Kom Niqueza S37 21.34 8/31/1988 31°22'12"N 31°16'48"E 3.3 km SE Kabira Gazireyet El Darfil S38 27.43 9/8/1988 31°25'18"N 31°10'24"E In Ez. El Baralsa S39 18.29 8/29/1988 31°25'12"N 31° 4'24"E 0.75 km SE Kom El Masura S40 28.19 8/24/1988 31°30'48"N 31° 8'30"E 1.7 km NNE Hammad MahattetEl Kasha S41 51.82 9/14/1988 31°34'30"N 31°12'18"E In Hammad Mahattet El Kasha S42 45.72 9/13/1988 31°35'54"N 31° 5'48"E 0.7 km E Baltim Resort Center S43 42.67 8/25/1988 31°35'12"N 30°58'42"E In El Burg S44 21.34 9/4/1988 31°26'12"N 30°59'30"E 1.8 km SE Geziret El Isbiryas S45 30.48 8/30/1988 31°30'30"N 31° 1'54"E In Rsa El Bar S46 45.72 9/10/1988 31°24' 0"N 30° 8'54"E 3.5 NNE Kom El Nashwein S47 42.67 9/3/1989 31°32'24"N 30°50'12"E In Arab El Hanafi S48 43.28 9/6/1989 31°30'12"N 30°46'30"E 4.5 km SW Kiman El Saiyar S49 41.15 9/4/1989 31°28'30"N 30°41' 6"E 1 km SW Kom Mastaroh S50 41.15 9/5/1989 31°26' 6"N 30°34'54"E 3.5 km SSW Kom Mishtil S51 41.15 9/6/1989 31°22'12"N 30°29'42"E 0.4 km S Ez. El Sakara S52 41.15 9/7/1989 31°24'24"N 30°46'12"E 2 km NE Ras El Husan S53 27.43 9/8/1989 31°23'42"N 30°40'36"E 0.4 km SW Atlet El Baqar S54 19.51 9/9/1989 31°19'36"N 30°47'30"E 0.4 km N El Haddadi S55 19.81 9/9/1989 31°18'54"N 30°40'18"E In Ez. El Saiyid Mansur S56 19.81 9/10/1989 31°19'30"N 30°31'24"E 1 km SW Minyet El Murshid SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES
Borehole Total Date Approximate number length (m) recovered Latitude Longitude location S57 19.81 9/10/1989 31°22'24"N 30°35'42"E Fish market 1 km SE Gazayir El Minsirib S58 22.86 9/11/1989 31°23' 6"N 30°25'48"E 0.7 km N Giddiya S59 41.15 9/12/1989 31°27'42"N 30°26'30"E 3 km NE Abu Khashaba S60 30.48 9/12/1989 31°19'42"N 30°24'36"E 0.4 km SE El Buseili Station S61 41.15 9/13/1989 31°13'36"N 30°22'18"E 6 km WSW Hamad Dumeih S62 24.38 9/14/1989 31°16'30"N 30°19'42"E 3.3 km SE Idku S63 22.25 9/14/1989 31°21' 0"N 30°18'54"E 1.6kmNEElNawaFort S64 41.15 9/16/1989 31°24'30"N 30°20'42"E 0.2 km SW El Farash Fort S65 48.62 9/15/1989 31°28'36"N 30°21'30"E 0.6 km SSE Sidi Mansur S66 20.12 8/29/1990 31°16' 6"N 30°27'24"E 2.2 km W El Faiza S67 19.81 9/1/1990 31°10'30"N 30°19'54"E 1.5 km S Ibr Zaiyat Ez. Kom Aziza S68 44.20 8/30/1990 31°16'30"N 30°13'54"E 1.5 km NNE Gazayir El Tawila S69 19.81 10/1/1990 31°11'36"N 30°16'30"E 1 km NNE Barsig Pumping Station S70 19.81 9/2/1990 31°10'54"N 30°10'24"E 0.5 km SE Minshat Bulin S71 44.20 9/2/1990 31°15'54"N 30°10'24"E 0.5 km SW El Miaddiya Outlet S72 19.81 9/3/1990 31°13'54"N 30° 8' 0"E In Kom Tarfa S73 44.20 9/3/1990 31°16'36"N 30° 5' 0"E 0.6 km N Ez. Hod #4 S74 18.29 9/4/1990 31°13'24"N 30° 4'42"E 0.8 km NNE El Akhdar S75 24.38 9/4/1990 31°16'24"N 30° 2'48"E In Ez. Maqnas S76 19.81 10/4/1990 31°13'48"N 30° 0'48"E 3 km SSE Ez. Farqon S77 40.54 10/6/1990 31°10'48"N 29°55'54"E 1 km SW Fouad 1 Airport S78 19.81 10/8/1990 31° 9' 0"N 30° 2'24"E 1.5 km NE Kom Lunsan S79 42.67 9/5/1990 31° 6'12"N 29°56'54"E 3 km SW Prince Omar Tusan's kiosks S80 45.72 9/7/1990 31° 6' 6"N 29°51'12"E 1.8 km NW Kom El Shuran S81 21.34 10/10/1990 31° 3'12"N 29°59'30"E 1.8 km NE Prince Omar Tusan's house S82 30.48 9/8/1990 31° 3' 0"N 29°52'24"E 2 km E Kom Mitauwh S83 45.72 9/9/1990 31° 3'24"N 29°46'12"E 5.5 km NW El Gamiriya S84 22.86 9/11/1990 30°59'36"N 29°37' 6"E 0.8 km SSW Manaret fish market S85 10.21 9/10/1990 30°55'24"N 29°31'36"E 1.5 km NW Burg El Arab S86 41.15 10/11/1990 30°51'18"N 30°47'48"E 3 km Kafr El Zaiyat S87 41.15 9/12/1990 30°44'24"N 31° 1'54"E 0.7 km S El Malwani Mosque
within 200 m. More detailed notations made during the course western part of the study area, between Alexandria and Burg el of drilling, including more exact position of boring sites (to Arab, semiconsolidated to indurated carbonate sections were within 50 m), are recorded in a series of 12 field books recovered (Figure 6) beneath thin Holocene sections. permanently archived at the National Museum of Natural Upon extrusion from the drill barrel, sediment core sections History. were cut into -1.5 m lengths (Figure 7), laid in plastic liners, Two ACKER II trailer-mounted rigs were used concurrently described, photographed, and then wrapped and sealed with by two drilling teams during each of the five expeditions plastic sheeting and placed in specially prepared 1.5 m-long (Figure 2). Casing was used at sites where thick subsurface wooden boxes (Figure 8). Washings were collected in plastic sections of sand or soft mud prevailed (Figure 3). Sediment jars. Cores were assigned consecutive roman numerals, recovery at each drill site was continuous, by progressively whereas washings received consecutive arabic numerals, connecting iron core tube barrels of either 5 foot (1.52 m) or 10 down-boring. Cores and washings were then transported by air foot (3.05 m) lengths. Sediment core diameter ranged from 8 to to the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C, where they 10 cm. Recovery of moderate to well-indurated mud-rich were stored in a refrigerated room prior to study. Upon sections was good to excellent, preserving original physical and recovery, representative core and washing samples (30-40 per biogenic structures. Extrusion of very stiff mud, usually highly core) were also selected from each boring and provided to our consolidated clayey silts of late Pleistocene age, was usually Egyptian counterpart organizations: cores S1-S17, to Dr. M. accomplished by high-pressure pumping of circulated water Khafagy at the Coastal Research Institute, Alexandria, in 1985; (Figure 4). Collection of very soft (undersaturated) mud and and cores S18-S87, to Dr. A. Bassiouni at the Department of thick sand mud sequences proved more difficult. Where Geology at Ain Shams University in Abbassia, Cairo, in 1987, sections were comprised essentially of sand, washings from 1988, 1989, and 1990. pumped circulated water (rather than cores) were obtained from Descriptions recorded in the field for each recovered core core tubes (Figure 5), usually at 1 to 2 m depth intervals. section include depth, length of drill barrel used, length of Original structures are not preserved in these washings. In the sediment section recovered, sediment color, gross texture and NUMBER 37 obvious sedimentary structures, biogenic features (such as shell and peat), and sediment density (hardness, consistency) using a pocket penetrometer. Color, texture, and unusual features were also recorded for sands collected as washings. Upon recovery, 35 mm color slide photographs were made of every core section at approximately 50 cm length intervals, with some overlap, and these include a metric scale to determine core length. These photographs and data notations in field books are maintained at the National Museum of Natural History. In addition to the above, lithologic logs and representative samples from nine long drill cores collected earlier in the Manzala Lagoon area were provided by the Coastal Research Institute in Alexandria to the Nile Delta Project team for additional study in Washington (Stanley and Liyanage, 1986). We also consulted lithologic logs of northern Nile delta drill borings from various unpublished sources, such as engineering consulting firms, the Egyptian Ministry of Irrigation and Agriculture departments, the Suez Canal authority, and U.S. AID reports, and in publications including those of Attia (1954) and UNDP/UNESCO (1978). These valuable documents supplemented information from the five Smithsonian drilling surveys (published in, respectively, from east to west: Coutellier and Stanley, 1987; Stanley, Warne et al., 1992; Arbouille and Stanley, 1991; Chen et al., 1992; Warne and Stanley, 1993b). Two Smithsonian cores collected in the central delta near Kafr El-Zaiyat and Tanta (S86 and S87) are described by Chen and Stanley (1993). In addition to the long drill cores cited above, a suite of about 100 short cores, for the most part less than 1 m in length (Figure 9), along with approximately 200 surficial samples, were also collected for more specific study of the Nile delta lagoons (Manzala, Burullus, and Idku), former Abu Qir Lagoon, and Lake Mariut. These sediment samples are not presented in this monograph, but they are described in archival field books and FIGURE 2.—Trailer-mounted ACKER 11 equipment of the type used during the five Nile delta drilling surveys described in this study. Photograph taken at site detailed in publications by Randazzo (1992), Loizeau and S69 in September 1990. Stanley (1993), Bernasconi and Stanley (1994), Loizeau and Stanley (1994), and Siegel et al. (1994). Also described elsewhere in a series of publications are data on short cores and surficial samples collected seaward of the delta on the shelf and The core sections were placed in a high humidity refrigerated Nile Cone (Stanley and Maldonado, 1983; Anastasakis and room, with the temperature maintained at 4° C, until they were Stanley, 1984, 1985; Stanley, 1985, 1988a; Frihy et al., 1995), ready for study. After the cores were split, all sections were in the Suez Canal (Stanley et al., 1982), and in the River Nile x-radiographed using 14 x 17 inch (35.6 x 43.2 cm) industrial (Schneiderman, 1995). film, and positive prints (1:1 scale) were made from the LABORATORY ANALYSES.—Extensive penological, geo- x-radiographs. Split core sections, while still moist, were then chemical, faunal, and floral studies of the 87 long drill cores photographed, using 35 mm color slide film, at about 40 cm (S1-S87) were made so as to define the major late Pleistocene length intervals, with some overlap. A detailed lithological log and Holocene (to modern) lithofacies in the northern Nile delta was made of each Smithsonian core on the basis of visual and to more precisely distinguish among prodelta, delta-front, observations, including color, details of sedimentary and strandline, lagoon, and floodplain deposits. This information biogenic structures in the strata, subtle features noted in was then used to make lithostratigraphic correlations and X-radiographs, and penetrometer sediment hardness readings of paleogeographic maps of the northern delta, to calculate land the split cores. These notations were compiled and recorded subsidence rates, and to interpret sea-level and climate changes during the period 1985 to 1992 in laboratory books presently through time. archived, along with the complete set of x-radiographs and SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES
FIGURE 3.—Large-diameter pipes in foreground are used for casing, particularly when drilling in thick sections of sand and/or soft mud. Note 10-foot (3.05 m) lengths of drill pipe assembled near the drilling equipment. Photograph taken at site SI 1 in September 1985.
FIGURE 4.—Extrusion from drill pipe of stiff clayey silt of late Pleistocene age, using high pressure pumping of circulated water. Photograph taken at site S55 in September 1989. NUMBER 37
FIGURE 5.—Recovery of sediment from washings of circulated water in a thick FIGURE 6.—Drilling through consolidated carbonate section of late Pleistocene sand sequence. Photograph taken at site S77 in September 1990. age in the region west of Alexandria. Pumped water is typically white when circulated through drilled carbonate sequences. Photograph taken at site S85 in September 1990. color slides of split cores, at the National Museum of Natural History. Petrologic attributes for core sections and washings The proportions of sand (> 63 Jim), silt (2-63 \im), and clay derived from these documents were used to draft detailed (< 2 fim) fractions were determined by sieve and pipette lithologic logs of the 87 borings. Simplified logs are presented analyses. A separate study of the relative percentages of in Appendix 1. components forming the sand-sized fraction in all samples was To obtain more detailed petrologic information, samples made using a binocular microscope, following the petrographic were collected down-boring at every change of lithology, or in method of Coutellier and Stanley (1987), Frihy and Stanley the case of homogenous sections at a minimum of 50 cm (1988), and Stanley and Chen (1991). Relative percentages of intervals (except in the case of washings) along the entire major sand-sized components were calculated from point length of the boring. More than 2500 samples were selected counts of > 300 grains for all samples. The 16 components from the 87 borings, or an overall average of -30 samples per counted include 8 mineralogical (light and heavy minerals, core, for standard textural and compositional analyses (data mica, glauconite/verdine, pyrite, evaporite/gypsum, lithic listed in Appendix 2). Core and washing sample numbers and fragments, aggregate), 6 faunal (indeterminate shell fragments, depths in this listing correspond to those shown on the foraminifera, ostracod, gastropod, pelecypod, sponge), and 2 lithologic logs in Appendix 1. floral (plant fragments, including seed and fiber, and diatom). 10 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES
1992). Biogenic fractions of sand-sized material in numerous core samples also were examined: foraminifera (Kulyk, 1987); ostracods (Pugliese and Stanley, 1991); molluscs (Bernasconi et al., 1991; Longo, 1992; Bernasconi and Stanley, 1994); and plant matter (Howa and Stanley, 1991). Volcanic shards (Stanley and Sheng, 1986) and pollen (Leroy, 1992) were detailed in the silt-size fraction of some long core samples in the Manzala Lagoon area. Analyses of clay minerals also were made (Stanley and Liyanage, 1986; Abu-Zeid and Stanley, 1990; Abdel Wahab and Stanley, 1991). Geochemical analyses of long core samples were made in the northeastern Nile delta using either the sand fraction (Hamroush and Stanley, 1991; Allen et al., 1993), the silt and clay fractions (Dominik and Stanley, 1993), or primarily the clay fraction (Gerber, 1988; Gupta, 1989; Shergill, 1990; Siegel et al., 1995). The petrology, including structures, petrography, and tex ture, of short core sections and surficial grab samples in different localities was also examined, using methods compara ble to those employed for study of the long cores. These areas include the following: the Nile delta shelf and Nile Cone (Stanley and Maldonado, 1983; Anastasakis and Stanley, 1984, 1985; Stanley, 1985, 1988a, 1989; Frihy et al., 1995); Suez Canal (Stanley et al., 1982); delta lagoons (Randazzo, 1992; Longo, 1992; Loizeau and Stanley, 1993, 1994; Siegel et al., 1994); and the River Nile between Aswan and the Mediterra nean coast (Schneiderman, 1995). RADIOCARBON DATING.—An essential part of the Nile delta core study was to clearly distinguish subsurface Holocene from late Pleistocene sections and to subdivide Holocene sections into viable mappable stratigraphic sequences. It was anticipated that by obtaining a large set of radiocarbon dates we could establish a chronostratigraphic framework that would enhance regional litho- and biostratigraphic correlations. A total of 412 samples in 86 of the borings (all except core S65) were FIGURE 7.—Mud-rich sediment core of Holocene age placed in a plastic liner submitted for radiocarbon dating (Table 2); of these samples, after extrusion from the drill barrel. Photograph taken at site SI 8 in April 1987. 358 provided radiocarbon ages, and 54 had insufficient carbon for reliable dates. This constitutes a base of approximately four dates per boring. Sample positions and depth in the borings are Proportions of the various sand-sized compositional compo shown in the lithologic logs in Appendix 1. Material selected nents and their positions along the core length (data in for dating was obtained from split core sections 10-12 cm in Appendix 2) are graphically depicted on each of the core length. Most of these dates were obtained using total carbon in lithologic logs (Appendix 1). All this information has been dark olive organic-rich layers (for the most part lagoonal used in a series of geological studies of the northern delta, deposits) and peats (marsh deposits); shell matter was also used including the five regional surveys by Coutellier and Stanley in a few instances. Most analyses were made by Beta Analytic (1987), Arbouille and Stanley (1991), Stanley, Wame et al. Inc.© of Miami, Florida; an additional 19 samples, selected (1992), Chen et al. (1992), and Warne and Stanley (1993b). from borings S7 and S8, were treated by the Smithsonian In addition to the 2500 samples taken from the 87 long cores Institution's Radiobiology Laboratory. The dates are shown in cited above, another -1000 core samples were selected for Table 2 and in Appendices 1 and 2, and the permanent separate, more specific, petrographic and faunal study. These radiocarbon record numbers are also listed in Table 2. include those of the sand-sized fraction examined for glauco- Chronostratigraphic correlations based on these data are nite/verdine (Pimmel and Stanley, 1989), surface features depicted in a series of published studies made across the of quartz (Frihy and Stanley, 1987; Stanley and Chen, 1991), northern delta, from east to west: Coutellier and Stanley (1987); heavy minerals (Stanley et al., 1988; Foucault and Stanley, Stanley, Warne et al. (1992); Arbouille and Stanley (1991); 1989; Stanley, 1989), and carbonates (Stanley and Hamza, Chen et al. (1992); and Warne and Stanley (1993b). NUMBER 37 11
• . • . • s
FIGURE 8.—After extraction from the drill barrel, mud-rich sediment cores are cut into 5-foot (1.5 m) lengths, placed in plastic liners, and described prior to storage in boxes. Photograph taken at site S55 in September 1989.
Short cores in other sectors have also been radiocarbon Nile materials cited above. Most of these documents include at dated, and this information is available in several publications: least some of the S1-S87 core data referred to in the previous in the northern Suez Canal (Stanley et al., 1982); and in the Nile section and presented in Appendices 1 and 2. delta shelf and Nile Cone (Stanley and Maldonado, 1983; A series of publications that draw upon the Smithsonian Anastasakis and Stanley, 1984, 1985; Stanley, 1985, 1988a). Institution's borings and core sample data focus on the late Identified archeological material preserved in cores (Stanley Pleistocene to Recent paleogeographic evolution of the et al., 1992; Warne and Stanley, 1993a) and a dating study northern delta plain. Many of these emphasize petrologic emphasizing the amino acid racemization methodology on descriptions, lithofacies interpretations, chrono- and lithostrati- several long cores (Goodfriend and Stanley, 1996) provide graphic core-to-core correlations of late Quaternary sections, additional age information on the Holocene delta sections. and the effects of sea-level change, climate, neotectonism, and sediment transport processes on Nile delta deposits. These investigations include studies of the northeastern delta (Coutel Nile Delta Project Data Used in Scientific Literature lier and Stanley, 1987; cores SI-SI 7; Stanley, 1988b; cores S1-S36); the northern delta (Stanley, Warne et al., 1992; cores STUDIES LISTED BY LOCATION SI-SI 6, S28-S46); the north-northwestern delta (Arbouille A recent bibliographic listing of all known publications and Stanley, 1991; cores S38-S59); and the northwestern delta through 1993 that pertain to the geology and geography of the (Chen et al., 1992; cores S51-S78; Stanley and Hamza, 1992; Nile delta proper and its immediate vicinity, on land and cores S74-S85; Wame and Stanley, 1993b; cores S72-S85). A offshore, recently has been compiled (Stanley et al., 1994). It is study using selected borings in the central delta (cores S86 and of note that during the past decade there have been over 50 S87) was made by Chen and Stanley (1993). articles published in the scientific literature and seven theses Other Nile Delta Project studies of the lower plain region, have been completed as a direct result of research undertaken in focusing on the late Holocene to present time, have primarily Egypt as sponsored by the Nile Delta Project. These describe in used short cores (< 1 m length) and surficial sediment grab considerable detail the various methods used in the study of the samples, rather than the long S-cores. Study areas include 12 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES
<: ^W%te H**W4 WP -1 STUDIES LISTED BY TOPIC AND THEME In addition to geographic attribution, most of the studies listed above, along with other published scientific articles and theses completed during the course of the Nile Delta Project, can be listed by specific topic or theme. We recognize 12 major categories in which we can incorporate data collected as part of the project. As would be expected, most published articles and theses can be assigned to at least two or three of these. Each category comprises contributions listed chronologically, in cluding year, last name of authors), and abbreviated topic notation. For complete reference citations, the reader is directed to the Literature Cited in this publication. PETROLOGY, COMPOSITION, AND TEXTURE.—Most studies made during the course of the project consider lithologic attributes, such as sedimentary and biogenic structures, grain size, and composition of sand- and clay-size fractions. It is primarily on this basis that Nile delta facies of late Pleistocene and Holocene age are defined and interpreted, and their distribution mapped in time and space. 1982 Stanley, Freeland, and Sheng: Suez Canal sedi ments 1983 Stanley and Maldonado: Nile Cone sedimentation 1984 Anastasakis and Stanley: Sapropels on the Nile Cone 1985 Stanley: Mud redeposition on the Nile Cone 1985 Anastasakis and Stanley: Sapropels on the Nile Cone 1986 Stanley and Sheng: Volcanic shards in the delta 1986 Stanley and Liyanage: Clay minerals in the northeastern delta 1987 Frihy and Stanley: Quartz grain surface textures 1987 Coutellier and Stanley: Petrology and lithofacies, northeastern delta FIGURE 9.—Recovery of a short core (-1 m) in Manzala Lagoon. Photograph 1988 Frihy and Stanley: Texture and composition of taken at short core site Man-IV and collected in September 1989. delta deposits 1988 Stanley, Sheng, and Pan: Heavy minerals, north eastern delta Manzala Lagoon (Randazzo, 1992; Slaboda, 1993; Bernasconi 1988 Gerber: Clays and geochemistry, northeastern delta and Stanley, 1994; Siegel et al., 1994), Burullus Lagoon cores (Bernasconi and Stanley, 1994), Idku Lagoon (Loizeau and 1988a Stanley: Sedimentation on the Nile delta shelf Stanley, 1993; Bernasconi and Stanley, 1994), and Mariut Lake 1989 Pimmel and Stanley: Verdinized fecal pellets in (Bernasconi and Stanley, 1994; Loizeau and Stanley, 1994). Holocene deposits Analyses were also made on Suez Canal sediments, including 1989 Foucault and Stanley: Heavy minerals, northeast- those in its northern sector, positioned in the northeastern Nile em delta delta (Stanley et al., 1982; Gerges and Stanley, 1985; 1989 Gupta: Clays and geochemistry, northeastern delta Bernasconi and Stanley, in press). A petrologic investigation of 1989 Stanley: Heavy minerals between the delta and lower Nile River deposits, between the Egypt-Sudan border Israeli margin and Cairo, has been initiated with a first study on heavy 1990 Abu-Zeid and Stanley: Clay minerals, northeastern minerals completed by Schneiderman (1995). Studies of late delta Quaternary deposits seaward of the Nile delta include those on 1990 Shergill: Clays and geochemistry, northeastern Abu Qir Bay (Frihy et al., 1995) and several on the Nile delta delta shelf and Nile Cone (Stanley and Maldonado, 1983; Anas- 1991 Abdel Wahab and Stanley: Clay minerals, northern tasakis and Stanley, 1984, 1985; Stanley, 1985, 1988a, 1989). delta NUMBER 37 13
1991 Arbouille and Stanley: Petrology and lithofacies, gauge increased pollution in northern delta sectors, including northern delta lagoons. 1991 Howa and Stanley: Petrology and plant matter 1988 Gerber: Trace elements, northeastern delta across the delta 1991 1989 Gupta: Trace elements, northeastern delta Stanley and Chen: Stain-grained and sand-size 1990 Shergill: Trace elements, northeastern delta composition of diverse modem delta facies 1991 Hamroush and Stanley: Rare earth elements and 1992 Stanley and Hamza: Carbonate sediments, north paleoclimate oscillations western delta 1993 Allen, Hamroush, and Stanley: Trace elements and 1992 Stanley, Wame et al.: Petrology and lithofacies, archaeological implications northern delta 1993 Dominik and Stanley: Trace elements and peats 1992 Randazzo: Petrology of Manzala Lagoon sedi 1993 Slaboda: Trace elements in recent Manzala Lagoon ments 1994 Siegel, Slaboda, and Stanley: Trace elements and 1992 Chen, Wame, and Stanley: Petrology and lithofa pollution in Manzala Lagoon cies, northwestern delta 1995 Siegel et al.: Trace elements in cores of the 1993 Chen and Stanley: Alluvial stiff muds, late Pleisto northeastern delta cene 1993b Wame and Stanley: Petrology and lithofacies, NEOTECTONISM AND ITS EFFECTS ON THE DELTA.—Studies northwestern delta listed below emphasize the vertical motion of land, rates of 1993 Loizeau and Stanley: Lithofacies, Idku Lagoon subsidence, and evidence of tilting to the northeast of the Nile 1994 Loizeau and Stanley: Lithofacies, Mariut Lake delta during the late Quaternary. Measurements involve 1995 Frihy, Moussa, and Stanley: Abu Qir Bay sedi displacement of radiocarbon-dated lithofacies, which were ments originally deposited at or near sea level and are now buried 1995 Schneiderman: River Nile sands between Aswan below the delta plain surface. and the delta 1985 Stanley and Wetzel: Structural displacement in the FAUNAL ANALYSES.—Studies in this category include southeastern Mediterranean micro- and macro-fossil analyses in long cores in the northern 1988b Stanley: Subsidence rates in the northeastern delta Nile delta, and also short core and grab samples collected in 1990 Stanley: Subsidence and tilting of the delta plain delta lagoons. These investigations provide ecological informa 1991 Arbouille and Stanley: Subsidence in the northern tion on depositional environments. delta 1992 Stanley, Wame et al.: Subsidence in the northern 1987 Kulyk: Foraminifera in the northeastern delta delta 1991 Bernasconi, Stanley, and DiGeronimo: Molluscan 1992 Chen, Wame, and Stanley: Subsidence in the faunas in the northeastern delta northwestern delta 1991 Pugliese and Stanley: Ostracodes in the northeast- 1992 Stanley: Subsidence rates of the northern delta em delta plain 1992 Longo: Molluscan faunas and palaeoecology in 1992 Stanley, Arnold, and Wame: Subsidence and burial delta lagoons of a Predynastic site 1994 Bernasconi and Stanley: Molluscan biofacies in 1993a Stanley and Wame: Synthesis of delta subsidence delta lagoons 1993a Wame and Stanley: Measuring subsidence rates FLORAL ANALYSES.—TO date, only two floral studies in Nile using archeological data delta sediments have been completed within the framework of 1993b Wame and Stanley: Subsidence in the northwestern this project. Plant matter of sand size and pollen in long cores delta provide information on paleoclimatological and paleoecologi- SEA-LEVEL AND CLIMATIC FACTORS AFFECTING THE cal changes with time in the study area. DELTA.—Investigations in this category emphasize the influ 1991 Howa and Stanley: Plant matter distribution across ences of global (eustatic) sea-level oscillations, excluding land the northern delta motion, and effects of climate change, which controlled fluvial 1992 Leroy: Palynological assemblages, northeastern and sediment input and delta aggradation during the late delta Quaternary.
GEOCHEMICAL ANALYSES.—Included in this category are 1987 Coutellier and Stanley: Northeastern delta investigations of trace and rare earth elements, which provide 1991 Arbouille and Stanley: North-central delta information on environmental and paleoclimatic changes 1991 Hamroush and Stanley: Paleoclimatic oscillations through time, provenance, and dispersal, and the means to 1992 Stanley, Wame et al.: North-central delta 14 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES
TABLE 2.—Radiocarbon dates for samples from boreholes S1-S87, in uncorrected years before present (BP). Data listing includes depth from top of boring, Smithsonian sample letter code, and number code assigned by Beta Analytic Inc.©; the 19 samples analyzed by the Smithsonian's Radiobiology Laboratory are designated by the SI letter code prefix.
Smithsonian Beta Beta Borehole Borehole Smithsonian number Depth sample sample Age number Depth sample sample Age (m) number number (years BP) (m) number number (years BP) SI 2 A 19414 2930 ± 90 12.5 J SI7050A 14030 ± 240 8 B 19415 3230 ±160 15.5 K SI7051A Insufficient C 9.5 C 19416 2360 ±100 16 D 17246 32910 ±1740 15.5 D 19417 6410 ±180 18 L SI7052A 26800 ± 560 23 E 19418 7590 ±130 19 M SI7053A 38220 ±800 28 F 19419 7440 ± 90 S8 1 A 17248 4170 ±120 S2 1.5 A 18554 1830 ±70 3 A' SI7106 4025 ±180 3.5 B 18555 3800 ±90 5 B 17249 4230 ±90 7.5 C 18556 5110±80 9.5 B SI7107 4695 ±115 9.5 D 18557 6580 ±100 16 C SI7108 5110 ±90 12.5 E 18558 7110±70 20 D SI7109 6965 ±110 19 F 18559 14000 ±280 25 E 17110 Insufficient C 26 F 17111 Insufficient C S3 3 A 20255 3030 ± 80 27 E 17250 6760 ±140 8.5 B 20256 4200 ±100 36 F 17251 7300 ±110 11 C 20257 5950 ±100 40 G SI7112 9060 ±90 15.5 D 20258 7510± 110 21.5 E 20259 7180± 110 S9 2 A 17252 3740 ±150 26 F 20260 7480 ± 90 4.5 B 17253 5140±80 12 C 17254 Insufficient C S4 1 A 18905 2990 ± 90 2.5 B 18906 2150±100 S10 7 A 17255 21880 ±970 5.5 C 18907 4080 ±130 8 B 17256 Insufficient C 7.5 D 18908 5330 ±120 Sll 2 A 16686 2550 ± 80 10 E 18909 5510±150 5.5 B 16687 4570 ±170 12.5 F 18910 6880 ±100 8.5 C 16688 5190 ±100 14 G 18911 7020 ±120 11 D 16689 6110 ±120 16 H 18912 7020 ±140 14.5 E 16690 6475 ± 90 S5 2 A 20544 1450 ±80 23 F 16691 9820 ±400 4.5 B 20545 2450 ± 80 S12 2 A 18115 Insufficient C 7.5 C 20546 4340±120 5.5 B 18116 1500 ±80 13 D 20547 6390 ±110 9.5 C 18117 3550 ±100 17 E 20548 7010± 140 21.5 F 20549 7620 ±110 13.5 D 18118 7280 ±490 18 E 18119 Insufficient C 28.5 G 20550 7500±110 24 F Insufficient C 29 H 20551 11290 ±160 S13 5 A 16534 3760 ± 70 S6 1.5 A 16340 1910 ±70 ' 8 B 16535 3640 ±120 5.5 B 16341 3750 ±60 10.5 C 16342 6930 ±110 11.5 C 16536 4050 ±110 18 D 16343 7790 ±110 16 D 16537 3000±110 21 E 16538 5130 ±90 20.5 E 16344 24820 ± 400 S14 1.5 A 18120 Insufficient C S7 1.5 A SI7041A 2340 ± 90 2 A 17243 4230 ±100 5 B 18121 Insufficient C 2.5 B SI7042B 3805 ± 40 6.5 E 18125 Insufficient C 3.5 C SI7043B 2110± 100 7.5 C 18123 > 23210 5 B 17244 6300 ±100 8.5 D 18124 26270 ±3850 5.5 E 17247 Insufficient C 13 F 18126 7440 ±370 16 G 18127 Insufficient C 6 E SI7045B 6325 ±120 22 H 18128 Insufficient C 7 F SI7046B 5720 ± 70 8 C 17245 6500 ±100 S15 3.5 A 17831 1620 ±70 8 G SI7047A 8215 ±155 7 B 17832 4370 ±160 8 G SI7047B 7610 ±90 10.5 C 17833 2620 ±80 9.5 H SI7048A Insufficient C 14.5 D 17834 3870 ±80 10 H SI7048B 5285 ±155 20 E 17835 4170 ±90 11 I SI7049A 12870 ±180 25.5 F 17836 6760 ±90 NUMBER 37 15
Smithsonian Beta Smithsonian Beta Borehole Borehole Depth sample sample Age Depth sample sample Age number number (m) number number (years BP) (m) number number (years BP)
35 H 17838 7420 ±90 S25 3.5 A 25463 3860 ±90 25464 6630 ±110 S16 3 A 16345 2360 ± 90 8 B 9 B 16346 1940 ±90 12.5 C 25465 6760 ±100 14 C 16347 4500 ± 90 14 D 25466 6210±100 18 D 16348 4820 ±80 S26 1 K 24895 2500 ±170 23 E 16349 7700 ±110 2.5 L 24896 2820 ±120 27.5 F 16350 7340 ±90 5 M 24897 4370 ±170 S17 2 A 20079 1420 ±80 5.5 N 24898 4210 ±90 8 B 20080 4200 ±120 6.5 O 24899 Insufficient C 12.5 C 20081 4480 ±110 S27 2 A 25537 3160 ±120 19 D 20082 4890 ±110 6 B 25538 2520 ±90 30 E 20083 7980 ±90 6.5 C 25539 2980 ±70 35 F 20084 7850 ±100 9 D 25540 3330 ± 90 42.5 G 20085 8940 ±120 10.5 E 25541 6560 ±90 30 F 16539 7150± 110 S28 5 F 26381 4500 ±120 S18 1.5 A 24004 1400 ±80 18 G 26382 8640±110 6.5 B 24005 4650 ±120 23.5 H 26383 7230 ±80 11 C 24006 4100 ±70 26 I 26384 Insufficient C 17.5 D 24007 4480 ±110 28 J 26385 10950 ±90 26 E 24008 7400 ±80 35 K 26386 Insufficient C 27.5 F 24009 4040 ±100 41 G 24010 11530 ±80 S29 4 A 26387 3460 ±100 52.5 H 24011 12070 ±370 6 B 26388 4580 ±100 7 C 26389 5190 ±90 S19 1 F 24890 Insufficient C 9 D 26390 4910 ±90 4 G 24891 3070 ±110 18 E 26391 8870 ±170 6.5 H 24892 3960 ±100 8.5 I 24893 4080 ± 90 S30 18.5 A 26910 5270 ±90 11.5 J 24894 Insufficient C 22.5 B 26911 5020 ±110 26.5 C 26912 8090 ±120 S20 2 A 25256 2890 ±130 27.5 D 26913 8040 ±250 11 B 25257 4190 ± 90 28.5 E 26914 Insufficient C 22 C 25258 5110± 110 34 F 26915 10770 ±120 27.5 D 25259 7460 ± 80 34 E 25260 7260 ±90 S31 4.5 A 32455 3260 ±90 40 F 25261 7630 ± 90 10.5 B 32456 5840 ±140 42 G 25262 7360 ± 90 15 C 32457 6590 ±110 45 H 25263 15110±640 19.5 D 32458 7650 ±150 25 E 32459 7850 ±140 S21 1 A 25937 3400 ±140 27 F 32460 6880 ±80 9.5 B 25938 3530 ±90 28 G 32461 Insufficient C 16 C 25939 3870 ±100 28.5 H 33115 > 25670 25 D 25940 4520 ±110 34 E 25941 5780 ±130 S32 7.5 A 33116 5880 ±170 40.5 F 25942 7140 ±110 11.5 B 33117 7100 ±130 46 G 25943 8190± 110 12 C 33118 7960 ±150 48 H 25944 8140± 130 19 D 33119 Insufficient C S22 0.5 A 23672 3630 ±110 S33 12 A 30599 5500 ±190 3 B 23673 3770 ± 90 12.5 B 30600 3560 ±150 8 C 23674 4670 ±80 21 C 30601 Insufficient C 14 D 23675 6630 ±150 21.5 D 30602 34380 ±1740 7910 ±150 21.5 E 23676 S34 13 A 30603 8370 ±180 22 F 23677 7540 + 70 13.5 B 30604 6710 ±190 31 G 23678 32920 ±930 24 C 30605 19450 ±840 37 H 23679 24320 ± 2030 25 D 30606 21050 ±920 A 24885 2490 ±80 S23 1.5 S35 10 F 31486 6160 ±80 5 B 24886 Insufficient C 17.5 E 31485 7730 ±120 S24 0.5 C 24887A 4130 ±180 21 A 30607 7260 ±110 7.5 D 24887B 9200 ±110 22.5 B 30608 4770 ±110 10 E 24889 24240 ±1510 30 C 30609 Insufficient C 16 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES
Smithsonian Beta Borehole Borehole Smithsonian Beta number Depth sample sample Age number Depth sample sample Age (m) number number (years BP) (m) number number (years BP)
S36 14 A 30610 7080 ±120 S46 8 A 34478 7130 ±80 14.5 B 30611 Insufficient C 10.5 B 34479 6620 ±70 25 C 30612 27720 ± 670 12 C 34480 12940 ±240 34.5 D 30613 25570 ± 720 18 D 34481 Insufficient C S37 5 A 33120 3260 ± 80 S47 5.5 A 36764 4270 ±110 12.5 B 33121 6870 ±170 15 B 36765 8050 ±140 C 36767 Insufficient C S38 12 G 31487 7240 ±90 23 13 A 30117 7210 ±130 30 D 36766 Insufficient C 14 B 30118 3380 ±200 37 E 36768 26820 ±1340 18 C 30119 21090 ±600 S48 3 A 37298 1610±60 23 D 30120 Insufficient C 4.5 B 37299 1670 ±50 29.5 E 30121 Insufficient C 7.5 C 37300 4480 ±80 31 F 30122 > 29260 14 D 37301 6340 ±100 S39 1.5 D 33122 3840 ±100 S49 6 A 36769 3190 ±90 2.5 A 29858 4540 ± 290 11 B 36770 5410 ±100 4 C 29860 Insufficient C 15 C 36771 7170 ±180 13.5 E 33123 21700 ±2460 26 D 36772 Insufficient C 13.5 B 29859 11320 ±290 S50 4.5 A 37302 2870 ±80 S40 3 E 33124 3430 ±110 16 B 37303 6600 ±80 15.5 A 29861 7450 ±120 24 C 37304 7950 ±90 16.5 C 29863 3540 ±150 25.5 D 37305 11040 ±330 25.5 D 29864 6050 ±140 27.5 F 33125 19350 ±950 S51 5.5 A 37747 3800 ±60 26.5 B 29862 Insufficient C 8 B 37748 5930 ±130 11.5 C 37749 6580 ±110 S41 8.5 D 29867 Insufficient C 9 F 31489 3060 ±70 S52 2 A 37750 1670 ±60 18 A 31488 6630 ±250 6 B 37751 3250 ±100 20 B 29865 6330 ±100 7.5 C 37752 4790 ±70 20.5 E 29868 3490 ±100 11.5 D 37753 6550 ±80 24 C 29866 Insufficient C 12 E 37754 10510 ±130 25 D 29867 Insufficient C S53 4 A 37755 2470 ±60 25.5 G 33126 Insufficient C 10 B 37756 5820 ±100 14.5 G 31490 3870 ±110 11 C 37757 11930 ±170 S42 5 E 31492 3610 ±110 14.5 D 37758 Insufficient C 11 F 31493 4890 ±100 21 D 31491 7410 ±100 S54 5 A 38098 3080 ±70 9.5 B 38099 5990 ±100 23 A 29869 8290 ±120 24 B 29870 6730 ±150 10 C 38100 12310 ±120 28 C 29871 7860 ±90 14.5 D 38101 22820 ± 770 2420 ±110 S43 4 E 31494 4620 ±130 S55 3.5 A 37759 7 F 31495 5610 ±110 6 B 37760 3400 ±100 14 A 29872 6970 ±110 7 C 37761 4170 ±90 14.5 D 29875 Insufficient C 9.5 D 37762 14120 ±160 18 B 29873 Insufficient C S56 8.5 A 37763 1490 ±80 18.5 E 33127 Insufficient C 25 F 33128 Insufficient C S57 6 A 38102 3630 ±70 24.5 C 29874 Insufficient C 12 B 38103 6310 ±90 13.5 C 38104 13630 ±100 S44 2 A 46010 2570 ±70 5 B 46011 3980 ±80 S58 3 A 38091 3020 ±80 6.5 C 46012 3260 ±90 5.5 B 38092 3770 ±80 11.5 38093 4890 ±80 10.5 A 30123 6370 ±180 c 14 B 30124 Insufficient C 16 D 38094 7500 ±70 14.5 C 33129 15600 ±290 S59 11.5 A 37306 3140±100 17 B 37307 3560 ± 80 S45 12.5 A 30125 7100±160 27.5 C 37308 9110 ±120 13 B 30126 Insufficient C 19 C 30127 24320 ±1080 S60 8.5 A 36773 4760 ±110 24 D 30128 29000 ±1380 11 C 36774 5020 ± 90 NUMBER 37 17
Smithsonian Beta Smithsonian Beta Borehole Borehole Depth sample sample Age sample Age number number Depth sample (m) number number (years BP) (m) number number (years BP)
S61 1.5 A 37309 2990 ±80 8 B 45642 6680 ±100 6 B 37310 4220 ±100 S77 5.5 A 46283 6430 ± 90 13 C 37311 3430 ±110 8.5 B 46284 6170± 110 16.5 D 37312 7310± 100 10.5 E 48367 >28000 S62 6 A 38095 3660 ±70 11.5 C 46285 Insufficient C 13 B 38096 6220 ±100 17 D 46286 Insufficient C 17.5 C 38097 7160 ±70 S78 4.5 A 46287 3250 ± 60 S63 19 A 36775 6590 ±110 6.5 B 46288 6730 ±70 7.5 C 46289 15920 ±140 S64 13.5 A 37313 2250 ±100 19.5 B 37314 3780 ±120 S79 4 D 48368 3850 ±80 4.5 A 47331 4480 ± 70 S65 — None - 5 B 47332 17900 ±220 S66 6.5 A 45078 4020 ±100 6.5 C 47333 Insufficient C 9 B 45079 3950 ± 70 S80 3 A 46290 Insufficient C 12 C 45080 5480 ±80 3.5 C 48369 3530 ±60 14.5 D 45081 7230 ± 70 7.5 D 48370 23070 ±1880 S67 5 A 45633 11890 ±380 8 B 46291 Insufficient C S68 5 A 45082 2730 ± 80 S81 1.5 A 48371 1350 ±80 6.5 B 45083 4980 ± 70 2.5 D 48372 19630 ±140 13.5 C 45084 6830 ±80 3 B 47334 28200 ± 460 14 D 45085 7170 ±70 5.5 E 48373 29480 ± 330 11 F 48374 >38000 S69 3.5 A 45634 4410±80 12.5 C 47335 Insufficient C 7.5 C 46282 23670 + 370 12.5 B 45635 35260 ±610 S82 3 C 48375 5050 ± 70 3.5 A 46292 5850 ±150 S70 2.5 A 45086 3220+120 4 D 48376 16540 ±220 4 B 45087 3690 ±140 4.5 B 46293 Insufficient C S71 2 C 48364 3030 ± 90 S83 3 E 58280 5410 ±120 5.5 A 45636 4660 ± 80 3.5 D 48379 8350 ±140 12 D 48365 6860 ± 50 4 A 47336 8860 ±130 12.5 B 45637 7250 ±100 4.5 B 48377 14990 ±100 S72 4.5 A 46014 2900 ± 70 5 C 48378 24770 ± 240 8.5 B 46015 6420 ± 80 S84 1 C 48380 2890 ±60 S73 4.5 A 45638 3990 ±90 2 A 46294 16760 ±120 12.5 B 45639 7590 ±90 2.5 D 48381 23510 ±260 12 D 48366 12760 ±110 5.5 B 46295 39350 ± 800 14.5 C 45640 Insufficient C S85 2.5 B 48382 20330 ±270 S74 3.5 A 45088 6290 ±140 6.5 A 46296 > 39730 8.5 B 45089 6420 ±90 S86 1.5 A 51454 1690 ±80 S75 2.5 A 46016 2900 ± 60 7 B 51455 4910 ±100 7 B 46017 5830 ±90 16.5 C 51456 6430 ±110 13.5 C 46018 6960 ±110 S87 0.5 A 51457 1720 ±80 S76 5 A 45641 4950 ±130 9 B 51458 7030 ±130 18 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES
1992 Chen, Wame, and Stanley: Northwestern delta 1983 Stanley and Maldonado: Outer Nile shelf and Nile 1992 Leroy: Palynology and climate change Cone 1993 Dominik and Stanley: Trace elements and climate 1985 Gerges and Stanley: Northern Suez Canal change 1985 Stanley and Wetzel: Nile Cone and southeastern 1993a Stanley and Wame: Synthesis of effects on the Mediterranean delta 1985 Anastasakis and Stanley: Outer Nile shelf and Nile 1993b Stanley and Wame: Sea-level effects and archeol Cone ogy 1987 Coutellier and Stanley: Northeastern delta 1989 Foucault and Stanley: Upper River Nile system to 1993 Stanley: Severe climatic effects in winter of 1992 1993b Wame and Stanley: Northwestern delta the northern delta 1994 Stanley and Wame: Sea level and its role in 1989 Stanley: Nile delta to Israeli margin, based on Holocene delta initiation heavy minerals 1995 Wame and Stanley: World deltas concurrently 1990 Abu-Zeid and Stanley: Northeast delta, based on affected by sea level clays CHRONO- AND LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC CORRELATIONS.— 1991 Abdel Wahab and Stanley: North-central delta, Many of the project studies depict core-to-core correlations, based on clays most involving well-defined radiocarbon-dated lithofacies in 1991 Arbouille and Stanley: North-central delta the delta proper and sectors seaward of the coast to the Nile 1992 Stanley, Wame et al.: North-central delta Cone. 1992 Chen, Wame, and Stanley: Northwestern delta 1993 Chen and Stanley: Central delta plain 1983 Stanley and Maldonado: Outer Nile shelf and Nile 1993b Wame and Stanley: Northwestern delta Cone 1993a Stanley and Wame: Synthesis of lower delta plain 1985 Stanley and Wetzel: Nile Cone and southeastern 1993 Slaboda: Trace elements in Manzala Lagoon Mediterranean 1995 Frihy, Moussa, and Stanley: Abu Qir Bay 1985 Anastasakis and Stanley: Nile Cone 1995 Schneiderman: Lower River Nile system, based on 1987 Coutellier and Stanley: Northeastern delta mineralogy 1987 Kulyk: Using foraminifera, northeastern delta 1988 Frihy and Stanley: Methods using petrology ARCHEOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS.—Publications in this 1988a Stanley: Nile delta shelf category involve the results of petrological, sedimentological, 1988 Gerber: Using geochemistry, northeastern delta and stratigraphic analyses in archaeological investigations. 1989 Pimmel and Stanley: Delta-front and prodelta 1986 Stanley and Sheng: Santorini volcanic shards, facies Manzala Lagoon region, and possible Biblical 1989 Gupta: Using trace elements, northeastern delta exodus 1990 Stanley: Correlations to measure subsidence of the 1992 Stanley, Arnold, and Wame: Discovery of oldest delta plain Pharaonic site in the northern delta 1990 Shergill: Using geochemistry, northeastern delta 1993 Allen, Hamroush, and Stanley: Egyptian civiliza 1991 Arbouille and Stanley: North-central delta tion, environmental change, and geochemistry 1991 Howa and Stanley: Using plant biofacies, across 1993b Stanley and Wame: Predynastic culture as related the northern delta to sea level 1991 Pugliese and Stanley: Biofacies correlations, north 1993a Wame and Stanley: Northern delta archaeological eastern delta site and subsidence rates 1992 Stanley, Wame et al.: North-central delta 1992 Chen, Wame, and Stanley: Northwestern delta ANTHROPOGENIC FACTORS AND IMPACT.—A series of 1993b Wame and Stanley: Northwestern delta studies takes into account the growing influence of humans on 1993a Stanley and Wame: Synthesis of delta correlations the Nile delta, including the much altered River Nile system and pollution. PROVENANCE, DISPERSAL, AND PALEOGEOGRAPHY.—This group of investigations includes topics pertaining to the origin 1985 Gerges and Stanley: Human influence on the and dispersal of sediments, displacement of depositional northern Suez Canal environments, and paleogeographic changes through time in 1993 Loizeau and Stanley: Altered Idku Lagoon the Nile delta. This category is based on correlation of environment well-defined, radiocarbon-dated lithofacies of late Pleistocene 1993a Stanley and Wame: Effects of altered River Nile to Holocene age. system and predictions for the future NUMBER 37 19
1993 Stanley: Some recent anthropogenic effects and the dam, reducing nutrients formerly carried downstream in the responses in the Alexandria region flow to the delta and offshore. At the same time, the rapidly 1994 Loizeau and Stanley: Altered Mariut Lagoon increasing population has necessitated intensified agricultural subenvironment development, unprecedented municipal expansion, accelerated 1994 Siegel, Slaboda, and Stanley: Recent increased diversion of Nile waters through a dense and complex irrigation system, and land reclamation of vital delta water bodies, such pollution in Manzala Lagoon as lagoons and marshes. These activities, particularly the NILE DELTA LAGOONS.—Increased attention is being paid to much-reduced sediment discharge, have also contributed to the recent evolution of the shallow Manzala, Burullus, Idku, heightened coastal erosion by Mediterranean nearshore cur and Mariut water bodies in the northern Nile delta and the rents (Figure 10). sedimentary and faunal facies therein. It is our hope that the information collected in this document can be of assistance to geologists, ecologists, agronomists, and 1992 Randazzo: Petrology of recent Manzala Lagoon engineers having the responsibility of maintaining and improv deposits ing environmental conditions in the lower Nile delta plain. 1992 Longo: Molluscan faunas and palaeoecology in With the available database, specialists will be able to modem lagoons distinguish and measure changes, both natural- and human- 1993 Loizeau and Stanley: Changing lithofacies, Idku induced, over time. Our work, focusing on dated subsurface Lagoon sedimentary sections, serves this purpose for the lower Nile 1994 Loizeau and Stanley: Changing lithofacies, Mariut delta from the time of its initiation in the early Holocene Lagoon (-8000 years ago) to the 1990s. Of primary value are the data 1994 Bernasconi and Stanley: Changes in molluscan serving to compile paleogeographic reconstructions of the biofacies northern delta, including positions of earlier Nile channels, 1994 Siegel, Slaboda, and Stanley: Recently increased strandplains, lagoons, and marshes, prior to and during the pollution in Manzala Lagoon early phases of human settlement. COMPARING THE NILE WITH OTHER WORLD DELTAS.—A Data gathered from the borings provide a means to more recent research effort considers attributes of the Holocene distinguish the effects of natural from anthropogenic factors. In Nile delta, which enable it to be compared with other such essence, we have compiled a temporal and spatial record of depocenters elsewhere in the world. Of special consideration change from the time when human impact was minimal, prior are the timing and factors responsible for initiation of modem to -7000 years ago (Stanley and Wame, 1993b), when world deltas. sea-level and climate oscillations, neotectonism, and effects of fluvial and coastal processes were dominant in controlling the 1986 Stanley: Mediterranean deltas, fans, and cones configuration of the lower Nile delta plain. Although our data 1994 Stanley and Wame: Timing of delta initiation and indicate that fluctuations of these natural factors continue to the role of sea level modify the delta, the record shows that the escalating role of 1995 Wame and Stanley: Comparing factors controlling people began to overtake the influence of natural factors as the development of world deltas early as the Dynastic period (Butzer, 1976). Since the beginning of Egypt's industrialization, and particularly since the latter part of the nineteenth and the beginning of the Applications For Delta Management twentieth century (when the first dam at Aswan was completed, The northern Nile delta is presently undergoing rapid along with a series of barrages and River Nile channelization environmental deformation and ecological decline. Most projects), our records show that human influence on the delta serious are the combined effects of natural factors, such as land has expanded by several orders of magnitude. The dated subsidence and rising sea level, with anthropogenic factors, borings thus serve as a gauge against which present changes such as irrigation and damming. This results in, among other can be compared. For example, rates and amounts of land changes, seawater incursion into the delta's water table and subsidence and delta tilting (Stanley, 1990) and recent coastal erosion (Stanley and Wame, 1993a). Salination has increases in pollutants in lagoon and marsh areas can be increased substantially since closure of the Aswan High Dam in measured accurately against the long-term record (Siegel et al., 1964, reducing agricultural productivity (Biswas, 1993) and 1994). altering the chemistry of the delta's lagoon and lake waters As in the case of many of the world's major deltas, the Nile (Kerambrun, 1986). The dam now controls the flood cycle, is low-lying and highly vulnerable to even minor changes in sea which previously flushed the delta plain and prevented level and subsidence. Inasmuch as the sediment supply has now substantial accumulation of salts in this evaporitic setting. Also been artificially curtailed, this depocenter has become increas significant is the trapping of sediments at Lake Nasser behind ingly subject to marine incursion, which further reduces its 20 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES
FIGURE 10.—Section of the town of Ras El-Barr at the Damietta promontory (north of Damietta, D on Figure 1), recently abandoned and undergoing destruction by intense coastal current erosion. Relatively rapid incursion of the sea in this region is due to concurrent subsidence of land and rise in sea level as indicated by analyses of radiocarbon-dated drill cores. Photograph taken in October 1992. (Courtesy of G. Drapeau.)
ability to sustain a dense and burgeoning population. Given this becomes essential for the implementation of effective protec rapidly changing dynamic of interplay among human and tion measures in a region where dependency on agricultural natural factors, the availabilty of a comprehensive database production has reached a critical stage. Appendix 1: Core Lithological Logs
Legend for core logs S1-S87
Plant Fossil "_"_"_• m. Root 3 -$- N Shell Fragments Potsherd -&&---— ----- Gypsum Whole Shell "A-:-: •N_-:~ - -'- :s $ &ftj "_"_".:: m z :::z o Organic Matter m Mica -.;.";pi.-':- 3 . . .;A N Nodule f : Pebbles :> Lithologic Patterns Structural Patterns Textural Patterns Planar Sand Silt Laminae Non- Clay Planar Sand Beds mm Cross- Clay Silt/Mud Bedded '•••TA.. I..V?:-! Bio- Peat KM turbated 1 T "> IT Peat 21 22 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S1 I LU LOGI C AG E i— OLOG Y Q lOCARB O T H (MET E ORATO R UCTUR E DNES S 1 " MINERA L APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S1 II LU CO SAMPLES Q CO LU z X >• CO CD -z. LU < LU tU < < < O X co O CD CD >- o ? c> a: CD X CD XO O co LU LU X O x X < < LLJ X CD CO < X S CD < O LU > z X LT O i— 5 o O o _j X —» .-r 2D. CD o _i o O Q O m o Q £ DDiC t= COX><> =1 J 30- - 31- 32- 33- 34- 35- 36- 37- 38- 39- 40- 24 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES APPENDIX 1 — Continued. CORE NUMBER S2 SAMPLES < CO O CO X > co ^ CO CD z O LU 1 < >- O 2 LU u_ rn m CO X ^ o o x CD CO I - < X LL UJ offx =;o g o < o l O x 0 X cr O X z o o o OS _C2 o X X O O Q CO o >- CO 21 u_ X LU X ^1— 10YR4/2 -o-_- 0.5 1830 -_-_-o 5YR2/1 II ±70 0.5 5GY4/1 Ti 5YR2/1 0.5 3800 I 5YR2/1 ± 90 1 • -.-•.. 11 0.5 IV 5YR2/1 5YR2/1 0.5 V 1 5110 5Y5/2 ± 80 0.5 1 VI 5YR2/1 6580 VII 13 ±100 5Y5/2 m^ 14 / j J •^~ - VIII <-'^lZZ/~s 5YR2/1 15 7110 IX 5YR2/1 ± 70 - — /—\ — 16 v_; _ _ - ^ X 5YR2/1 II w. 5Y5/2 22 w. 5y5/2 14000 w„ 23 5y5/2 ± 280 NUMBER 37 25 APPENDIX I.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S3 I X 1— SAMPLES CO < co o CO z X > CO CO X < X < o CD X CO X X 7R -J X Qj X < o CO X CO X < X 5O §cc X < o X z I la S OCARB O SX LL. X X D BO N 1 4 LOGI C AG E OLOG Y T H (MET E ORATO R O o o o co yo X LU X X a X 3< x o o rr^ oo - o X LU g < y |^ p |x UJJ LxU LTLI I 0•^• 0• |— O X X X X X w < < _1 < x x o co Q_ < LI T X _] O CO CO £ 3 o (D o X P X O X o CO CO LL. O o cS c5 X o o < 26 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES APPENDIX 1 — Continued. CORE NUMBER S3 II X SAMPLES CO < co co ^ £2 o CO x > co 3 «2 rf a 1 Z Hi z in {£ S° < CC - I^LUCC^gl^ \- >. n -* x CO °^X,i. X X?S_IUJMI — Ssf^LU CO LU LU ^ 1- X^OxSx EOLOGI C A G o q o S 3 ADIOCARB O X Lu S < o ^w oc XQJ x X XX £ o J < O X X X -J LTD 5 CC _l m I— CD X Q _l X _l O CO 20- "-m—•» •— XI N3 1 21- 5YR3/2 UJ 7180 —o- 14 E ±110 1 Z 22- XII N3 1 UJ ui ! 0 23- II 0 — .- - XIII 15 1 11 5YR3/2 J 24- _~CS_~_" ?•?•? ! 0 25- 16 I XIV N3 1 1 CZ5- - - II 26- 7480 17 1 F N3 1 ± 90 XV I II I' ' 1 18 5YR6/1 LU 27- 2 z h 19 5YR6/1 1 UJ 28- w 0 2 ... '• 1 5YR6/1 0 29- =-.v|4 20 . ':•' : 1 h (fl 30- LU - J 31- 0. - 32- J - 33- 34- 35- 36- 37- 38- 39- 40^ NUMBER 37 27 APPENDIX 1.—Continued. COREE NUMBER S4 m i<— SAMPLES CO co o CO X z X > CO CO LU LU < X 55 < rr CO O o LU '_ fri -=J LXU o X CO X in o_ < < X z I- X S O x,N ^ CO X LU X X < NE S CT U X z z^ O cc i z^ O X X OCARB O BO N 1 4 D LOGI C A G OLOG Y o DRATO R T H (MET E o o LU LU O X X < ^^ — co> -1 -j SjZ x z o 7T> 00 5 < o < y < < STR U O HAR D COL O (RELATIV E LIGH T TEXTUR E X o o" c5 O SO XO W W LL O co o X U. JO X <: 2990 ± 90 2150 ±100 4080 ±130 I I f I 5330 ±120 5510 ±150 6880 ±100 7020 » ±120 7020 ±140 28 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S5 SAMPLES CO < CO O X > CO CD z < cc ,-. < co o o < o > O 2 co < X LU X < o O X o co X X D_ x < X X O x CO O o X X o O _l £ o O^ ... 5Q. u_l 5 =x o LU < x >- co 1 X X X o o > < 3X br co> -J -J P ^ < o o X X LU o o O X X o x _i X LU -i- «r r=5 1450 ± 80 NUMBER 37 29 APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S5 II LU SAMPLES co < co CO CO x o X CO _ (— O X z g* LU LU yj < CO O < o h- < X LU X O o X o_ < o X CD z X CO X <: X SI x < o < B u3 £> 9 y=,. s LU x o < o X 5 _XoSizg X o o X 2 3< _i o O x X X _l o h- _l cc o Q- 3 b i z X X LU o X o ^1 X o X X o 5 X LU 2 o o Q X _l o 9coo 15o> > >:yi _^ x E 3 o < X u. JO co o 2 O x o x < 5 c3 X CO X o o x £* UJ LU XL0U0 (— X X o CO o CO CO LL. O 30 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S6 x h- SAMPLES CO < co CO CO CO £ X O X >• co _3 CO _H Lu O z X < < O H — L_iU i X co O o o X X o 2 co LL Ml tr 9 o x S x < o X o CO i±;< nr =<•> Q co x < CD o Sz X < cc O O o X 3^ 0 2 I & 8 2 LU LS co o Q n —i —i S x ^ =F C C LU X 1 X o X Q X - m cc bl5 o 3 10YR4/2 4- 5YR6/1 VtPtT/ITL N3 5- 5YR5/2 77 5Y3/2 IV N1 3750 • ± 60 6- N1 LU 7 V z 5Y3/2 LU 8- 15 0 w. 9- 0 16 J I 0 10 Wo 6930 A I ±110 11 17 w 12- 13- wc 14 w 15H V.1 28 16 W- 17 V.2 29 7790 18 Wc ±110 V^ Vz/A^y 4 18 w9 19H 5Y3/2 VI %: mm 5YR6/2 20 NUMBER 37 31 APPENDIX 1.—Continued. COREENUMBE R S6II X i— < SAMPLES CO Q CO X Z X CD > o X cc ^ < h- > O 2 RBO N HOLO G OLOGI C DIOCA R PT H (M E :L D BORA T Q BENTHI C ICA S PONG E SPICU L TRUCTUR E (EVAPORITE S LAN T FRAGME f PORE S GGREGAT E OLO R GH T MINERAL S LAUCONIT E / HEL L WHOL E STRACODE S ITHI C FRAGM E X X h- m ARDNES S EAV Y MINERAL ! VERDIN E /RIT E YPSU M HEL L FRAGMEf v DRAMINIFER A X < _j (RELATIV E % ) CO _i Q_ CO X Q < < TEXTUR E i CO CO X CD x _j O CO o X X :> o a_ o o <. O 20- _^_ ^ _, _^ ^ fc . ^ ^ , _ , ^ ^ _ LU 24820 w "IT- vv10 Z ± 400 5YR4/2 4 21- VII 14 E_ LU 21 i 1 1 I 22 0 w 22- » 11 1 0 |7 23 1 h 23- CO w vv12 LU 24- •'-' __' •_ 8 J :,.:•.:.•.-.•: 24 1 1 1 I 25 "••'••. " 1 1 1 Q. 25- w vv13 ?R •••'.•••'; J 2b~ '. ..'•:- •:•••:••. ::::-,-|9 27 1 1 27- 28- 29- 30- 31- 32- 33- 34- 35- 36- 37- 38- 39- 40^ 32 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES APPENDIX 1 — Continued. X C O X X X EOLOGI C AG E EPT H (METERS ) THI C FRAGMENT S ARBO N 1 4 c o ICA S BENTHI C (EVAPORITES ) ADIOCARBO N DA T ITHOLOG Y TRUCTUR E LAUCONITE / PONG E SPICULE S IEL D > GH T MINERAL S OLO R ARDNES S EXTUR E VERDIN E YRIT E HEL L FRAGMENT S HEL L WHOL E STRACODE S LAN T FRAGMENT S THE R ABORATOR Y J S RELATIV E % ) EAV Y MINERAL S YPSU M DRAMINIFER A C GGREGAT E 1— ox a _i x_ioco oxi— t±- LJ X S O X o co co LL O O_JX n U &m :^Q: 2340 1- 1 • 1 ±90 _ _ 1 2 A 10YR4/2 3 H i 4230 _o-_-_- 2- 3 A +100 — — — — II 5YR2/1 3 3805 -If-o; UJ 3- 4 B 1 ± 40 56 2110 -A-S-III © N3 2 z 78 O i . ! 1 1 UJ ±100 4- :S*F 31 10YR4/2 1 • 32 •;.'•, 0 6300 w4 5Y4/1 1 5- ±100 9 •^•iv.v. 1 , 1 0 U 5Y6/1 I j 6325 10 IV 11 _= ±100 6- 12 1 0 14 13 5720 •'•' J;* 15 |E - ±70 16)1^J. 16 1 I 7- 1 6500 V 17 F 1 ±100 18 J.— 19 C 8215 R- -1-6 -* t 1 7~\ ±155 VI 20 G 5Y4/1 0.5 i G 7610 ±-?.c?»> 21 9- ±90 16)'- .. 22 H 0.5 5285 VII _ 1 1 ±155 10— 23 I 12870 •.'•.'•; 11- 33 I 5Y6/1 ±180 ^0 12- .•;.'• 14030 34 J 5Y4/1 UJ ±240 13- VHi z ••'••; U 35 UJ 14- ^2 32920 15- 24 K_ 2.5 ±1740 VIII TO C M: 25 CO 16- -£&-. 26 - - 27 3 ED 17- IX i 0. 26800 -13.---. 28 L ±560 18- X 3 j 29 38220 ------19- XI 30 M 2.5 1 ±800 _ ----.13 36 i W13 J 21)-' NUMBER 37 33 APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S7 II < SAMPLES CO z Q X > CO X CD z X < < O < "H fih co O X X CO LU o CD X < o o X CO X 20- UJ 37 W, 10YR6/2 z 21-1 UJ 0 22- W 38 10YR5/4 0 20 h 23 H CO 39 10YR5/4 w'2 1 UJ 24- •Q; J 0. 25 H 26- 27" 28- 29- 30- 31- 32- 33- 34 H 35- 36- 37- 38- 39- 40^ 34 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES APPENDDC 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S8 C O (EVAPORITES ) BENTHI C VERDIN E PLAN T FRAGMENT S SPONG E SPICULE S ECHINOID S LITHI C FRAGMENT S INSEC T FRAGMENT S LITHOLOG Y SHEL L WHOL E AGGREGAT E DEPT H (METERS ) STRUCTUR E MICA S PYRIT E SHEL L FRAGMENT S RADIOCARBO N DAT E HARDNES S (RELATIV E % ) GUUCONITE / GEOLOGI C AG E FIEL D > CARBO N 1 4 c o LIGH T MINERAL S FORAMINIFER A LABORATOR Y ? COLO R HEAV Y MINERAL S OSTRACODE S TEXTUR E GYPSU M n i | u W, 31 I 4170 1- 1 A ±120 I 10YR4/2 2 * 2 i 2- w I II 3 10YR2/2 3 4025 3- III 4 A 0.5 ±180 '?'?' {{ { 1 I 4- 10YR2/2 i ' 5 IV 0.5 4230 5- 1 V 6 B' ± 90 0.5 6- W VI 7 5YR3/2 0.5 I l 7- I I I I I VII 8- I1 9- JJ. 1 4695 VIII 8 B 11* 5YR3/2 0.5 ±115 10- —f-\ _ .. ' ;y. 1 11- IX 9 0.5 HOLOCEN E 12- - -cz>- X 10 ?? 5YR3/2 0.5 13- ? ? I I f 14- — —KzS - XI 11 :« 2 15- "?""C — _ 1 5110 XII 12 7^W ± 90 16- 0.5 20^ ^ NUMBER 37 35 APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S8 II CO SAMPLES < CO Q X > CO CD X Z Q GGRE G CHINO I x X _J < X £= O LU y _J> > >-=- x x o co ° E < x _J O I- o 2 o xo w co UL O U_ X O X O x i- St —I X X X < co CO _l 36 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES APPENDIX l— Continued. CORE NUMBER S8 CO < SAMPLES Q CO x X CO O > LU < z X O o > O ? X CO o < o < o O CD CO < O x Q < CO INER/ ! NER A o m X > NITE / LU O O X Q X O X O X o o x _j S o X "> ^ o — SO. _ < o CO O II < o o X O Q >- Q UJ =§< _, X X o X x -I £11 3 o X XX o X LU > < =2 X X CO> —I I— o LU o X X GH T OS < h- LU X DC XLU X CO o o CO o Q Q y < < o < UJ X i X ^ 0 > >- 5»=- X CO LL If I < < X _J o co x o CO Q_ X X o o CO —I Q_ LU 40- [ Z W3 3 LU 41- WW:I 33 0 0 42- h 43- 00 LJ 44- J 1 45- J 46- 47- 48- 49- 50- 51- 52- 53- 54- 55- 56- 57- 58- 59- 60^ NUMBER 37 37 APPENDIX 1 .—Continued. CORE NUMBER S9 X SAMPLES CO UJ o Q CO x X z X z X CO CO z CD >- —) > LU <£ < O en LL n :> LU LU LU O < o I— CO 5YR4/2 1 dzo 10YR2/2 3740 s^\ — 1.5 ±150 10YR2/2 1 5YR2/2 N2 0.5 5140 ////////// IV N2 I I I i ± 80 I 5YR6/1 w. 11 5YR6/1 12 w. 5YR6/1 9 5YR6/2 10-1 w. 11 wc 5YR6/1 12-1 (J J 5YR6/2 V 5YR3/2 13 w, 5Y6/4 14 W- 5Y6/4 15-1 16- 17- 18- 19- 20 38 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S10 I X LU SAMPLES > o ? X O Q O UJ -1 m ^ EOLOGI C AG E BENTHI C EPT H (METERS ) ICA S (EVAPORITES ) PONG E SPICULE S LAUCONIT E / LAN T FRAGMENT S ARBONAT E PARTIC L ADIOCARBO N DA T ITHOLOG Y TRUCTUR E GH T MINERAL S HEL L WHOL E STRACODE S ITHI C FRAGMENT S OLO R ARDNES S VERDIN E YRIT E YPSU M HEL L FRAGMENT S DRAMINIFER A GGREGAT E E STAINE D GRAIN S W < < EAV Y MINERAL S (RELATIV E % ) o X Q _i X _3 O CO o X TEXTUR E Hm^O xo COCOLL oco_ X < O LL 0 LU u Z - LU 0 1 — W. 1 5Y8/1 0 - 1 -J 2— 5Y6/1 0 w2 2 J. 3- - w. 3 5Y6/1 4- 3 5- 4 5Y8/1 w4 6- w 5Y8/1 21880 _^ _ _ •_ 5 Aj 7- < =, 5 ±970 ~_-_" _ _ 1 10YR4/2 4 - 6 8- 7 1 1 II 4 1 1 -' *\ / • r**" • * 8 10YR4/2 1 1 LU 9- w6 9 5Y6/1 z _ • 1 LU 10- w7 10 5Y6/1 0 ' 1 l-l::.i; 11 0 11- 1' 5Y6/1 h - w 12 5Y8/1 vv if) 12- 8 - LU wn J 13- 9 1 14— 5Y6/1 w 13 J 10 15- w 14 V¥ 16- 11 5Y8/1 17- - ; w "'i- 0^vv1 2 18- 19- w 15 5Y8/1 13 20^ NUMBER 37 39 APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S10 X co I— CO LU < SAMPI O CO Q CO X X cc < z > < cc < O fl :> Q_ CD X X H CC g O X g Q X > FR A ESP I SQ GAT E X x E °^ in - u- 5 :=x o FRA G MAT E OLOG Y LOGI C A G Q lOCARB O ORATO R UCTUR E DNES S T H (MET E IBO N 1 4 _/ PON G LAN T ITHI C GGR E in < X i— X h- O < CD LU ^ _J> ^ >-^ x x o co ARB O CD X Q _i X SS co o X x ^ ^E O o_o COCOLL O CO _i Q_ 20^ w1 4 16 5Y8/1 21 22- 17 5Y6/1 23- w1 5 24- w1 6 25- 26- 27- 28- 29- 30- 31 32 -| 33 34 35- 36- 37 38- 39- 40 40 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S11 I X l— < SAMPI CO co O. CO X ^1 i— CO z <: Z X > co .-I X CD -^ LU UJ =D :> LU Ml C J rn -> rr UJ *= O O- < o X SQ ^ z% o co O X X FRA G GAT E Q °^ ... - u- • If ^ o X rr o< co OQ UJ 3< _, o RBO N 1 4 HOLOG Y OLOGI C AG E PT H (MET E DIOCARB O LO R H T MINERA L _i BORATO R RUCTUR E RDNES S z x z m X X i— TH I ^Lucrx< 3X t COi > _l PO N EAV Y MINER A TH E LAN ' X i- CO x x o co GG R ALC I < _i o < (RELATIV E % ) O X o X SS co O X TEXTUR E _i X o x o CO CO LL O CO _i CL < o o 0 1- 5Y6/1 1.5 ft | i •. 2550 5Y6/1 1 ± 80 2- 1 CT). >..-,.. 5Y4/1 ,l| I i 3- 16 5YR7/2 c5^ .:; 4- 5Y5/2 w. 17 5- :":JV':;jS': 4570 18 5YR7/2 ±170 6 7 w, 5YR7/2 5Y6/1 8H •/~\ r~\-^\ 19 5190 w. 5Y6/1 i"±?'l' _."' ±100 9 _ v_/_ _ 5Y4/1 1.5 10- v=y — .— - II 5Y5/2 6110 11- "_~v_>_~ IV ±120 12 V 12 5Y4/1 II 13- VI 13 5Y4/1 14- 5Y4/1 6475 VII 1.5 I I ± 90 15- 20 5YR7/2 ;-'S-'.'.'; W, 5Y5/2 16- •'••..' O'-': '•'••O-v :/ 5Y5/2 Wc 17- 21 5YR7/2 18- W£ 5Y5/2 19- w. 22 5YR7/2 Wc 5Y5/2 20-^ .•.vS-'.v NUMBER 37 41 APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S11 II X EPT H (METERS ) EOLOGI C AG E BENTHI C ICA S (EVAPORITES ) PONG E SPICULE S THE R TRUCTUR E ADIOCARBO N DA T ITHOLOG Y GH T MINERAL S LAUCONIT E / LAN T FRAGMENT S OLO R ARDNES S HEL L WHOL E STRACODE S EAV Y MINERAL S VERDIN E YRIT E YPSU M HEL L FRAGMENT S DRAMINIFER A ITHI C FRAGMENT S GGREGAT E ALCI C AGGREGATE S FIEL D > CARBO N 1 4 c o LABORATOR Y ? _i (RELATIV E % ) o X Q CO o X TEXTUR E ZJ^SO XO COCOUL QCO_l O- < o o 201 , T-T—- LU 23 5YR7/2 I mm• Z Fl 21- 5Y5/2 ' I LU w9 w10 24 5YR7/2 0 22- w 5YR7/2 I _L S 9820 vv 0 11 ±400 25 5YR7/2 23- w F V¥12 •M LU 24- J 1 25- J 26- 27- 28- 29- 30- 31- 32- 33- 34- 35- 36- 37- 38- 39- 40^ 42 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S12 I X SP I < :LU AT E Q E z% o UJ X X O^ x *2 LL CD BO N 1 4 ,, OQ UJ Z3< . .21— lOCARB O h- UCTUR E DNES S r MINERA L T H (MET E a ORATO R ' Y MINER A co < =)X x co> , ^ APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S12II X I— SAMPLES CO Q CO x X CD z >- CO < X DC ^. LU CC < n h- < CO O CD mavooi c >• LU —I X O ? CO CC Q_ < o g CO CO < CO X > OtQQ X cc Q o X LU LL < o X x £ °^ III SDL u- § ^X o o z 3 co OQ UJ ^.^ O g o L D RBO N < 3X X CO> —I Z HOLO G PT H (M E 30RA T 3 o Q —I ^^ X X £3 LU X h- UJ < < _l X o <;UJ x XLU UJ LU XX !_ o x X X< Q _i h- £ g LU E 3 o X _J O o >S X SO x o co x om co Q_ o x O co o < CO o X CO LL O <: 44 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S13 I SAMPLES co < CO x Q X > CO CO O . . _l < < Z DC ^- < xo > ^5 < < LU X g o X ^ UJ o O 2 %% UJ Lu O X o CD o FRA G *s ESPI C GAT E o CC _J 2 O X 5S 2£S1S§ FRAG M < C\ rj CD o z 5b ^ co go UJ =)< pi_ ^ i— 3 GR E III o o X o 5 LU £ o 1- Wi 25 10YR4/2 I 1 1 r1 ' I 5Y4/1 1 i l 1 2- jz^m- 2 m T 1, -THSZ/_i II 3 5Y6/1 0.5 3- ^r\_ _ _ ? ? n | w2 26 5Y2/1 I 4- -2£-A£ III 3760 5- A N2 ± 70 w3 27 K^/- • • — 6- w4 _ f~\_ . . w5 28 10YR2/2 7- IV 29 10YR2/2 1 1 UJ 3640 8- B N2 z ±120 w6 30 w7 LU 9- • - — • ^J7 0 w8 31 10YR2/2 1 — ' 7-V • ' 10YR2/2 0 10- w9 32 J w10 33 10YR2/2 I 11- y~irT.^l w 34 10YR2/2 1 0 4050 35 C 10YR2/2 ±110 w I 12- vv12 w 36 10YR2/2 vv13 1 w 37 10YR2/2 13- vv w1 4 vv15 1 14- V 4 5Y4/1 1 5 15- II' VI 6 5Y4/1 1 'i 1 1 7 3000 16- '• Q\ 1 ±110 8 1 VII 5Y4/1 0.5 17- 9 ll I 10 1 18- VIII 5Y4/1 3.5 1 IP 11 1 1 19- IX 12 5Y4/1 1 20^ NUMBER 37 45 APPENDLX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S13 II X \- SAMPLES CO o< CO •— x yj => o (METE R X OG Y UJ > GI C AG E x < 2 £z ^O £ X _i 0 2Q 5 z^ o O X X 3^ ^ Ml - U- 5 lOCARBO N z o o o REGA T INOID S _i i— O ^ O3XQ Ut=J c75> =i =i APPENDDC 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S14 I < SAMPLES CO O CO X z >• X III z o (D O DC -. ffi 2 X o x < LU X CO 2 o < X >- CO < X CD X X X X g o 2 CO X > 3 O RAG M o X £ El AT E o CD < I- LL _l X FRA G o X o O z §1 co OQ UJ ^.^ o o 5 o 3 o 5 if s g X o o X < 3X t APPENDIX 1 .—Continued. CORE NUMBER S14II h- < SAMPLES CO o CO co 1— X z Q x "> LU Q X ^ O o< RA G o cc AT E n LL LU g LL o o EPT H (METE R EOLOGI C AG E THI C BENTHI C ITHOLOG Y ADIOCARBO N IEL D ICA S TRUCTUR E (EVAPORITES ) LAN T ILICI F OLO R ARDNES S GH T MINERAL S LAUCONIT E / STRACODE S _i GGR E VERDIN E YRIT E YPSU M HEL L FRAGME N HEL L WHOL E DRAMINIFER A EAV Y MINERAL S LABORATOR Y CARBO N 1 4 LJ _i (RELATIV E % ) _i TEXTUR E _j < o X X CO o X X s o o_ O CO CO LL O o o_ UJ 24- J 1 25- J 26- 27- 28- 29- 30- 31- 32- 33- 34- 35- 36- 37- 38- 39- 40 ^ 48 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S15 X l<- SAMPLES CO o CO X CO ^ 1— RS ) CO z > _l DC ^ CO z < X X CO O O cro X X < O UJ O 2 CO cc xo CO ;o LU X < & cc *c fez LL O O o . m « ^ *8 -Hi z a THOLOG Y o % ICA S EOLOGI C A EPT H (MET E (EVAPORIT E TRUCTUR E ARDNES S GH T MINERA L LAUCONITE / IEL D OLO R ADIOCARB O VERDIN E YRIT E YPSU M HEL L FRAGM E EAV Y MINER A _i _J CQ X (RELATIV E % ) CD X Q X _i O CO o X TEXTUR E _i X s o X O CO LU XX |± ° E x < < "% m x o co x E CO LL O CO _l NUMBER 37 49 APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S15 II X CO I— SAMPI r < CO CO o CO X X z X > CO _3 CO O X DC _* x CO cro o X TS -J X HVO O < h- >901 0 O^ CO LL III o xz X DC ^ O LU Q SPI C RA G CO UJ > AT E X O x i Z% O LU LL LL X z o izo Q BO N o 3^ OQ 1— LOGI C TH(M l ORA T 2H LL 5 ^X O o CO CJtJ tjj =><£ _l —I 3:^ ^- 2 — Z HI C GR E X _i O ON G o o X CD 5 X X LU g APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S16 X 5 SAMPLES CO CO o CO co ^ co UJ z x > co -3 CO z ^ x S X O _i EOLOGI C A EPT H (MET E THI C FRAG M ARBON1 4 ICA S BENTHI C (EVAPORIT E TRUCTUR E ADIOCARB O IEL D PONG E SPIC U ITHOLOG Y GH T MINERA L LAUCONITE / ARDNES S VERDIN E HEL L WHOL E STRACODE S LAN T FRAGM E ABORATO R EXTUR E EAV Y MINER A YPSU M HEL L FRAGM E DRAMINIFER / GGREGAT E CHINOID S RELATIV E % ) YRIT E THE R OX X —I X_lOCO oO X i- -±- _j x 2 O xo COCOLL OCO_IQ_ u 'G)^- W^ ; . ; ^- 6) Ii 1 1- •T. •'• '••."..-j 1 1 <5W. \2 • ;; ' 1 3 • • 2- :^T ft I 1 2360 :y-<5V w2 /< \ ±90 3- ±6)~':-±:. ••'.. '• 4 1 4- ' •'..'.• "^ .'•• '•.' • • I y-v . - _ v> w3 5- .V.-'vL/'.-: • 5 /• 6- v_/ w4 : • M-"i£ •'• 7- •'•• •'••'• '.V-'. '•• rW 5 LU 8- h z 1940 W 13 LU ±90 9- 6 0 .... -v_^ •• • 1II I 10- _ _ _ _ 0 1 j - ~_~_~_~_ 1 0 11- I 12- -^ -w- I10 13- ? - - _ - - - ~_~_ _~_ II 1 5Y4/1 4500 14- + 90 2 C 0.5 III 5Y4/1 _~_~_~_~ 3 3 15- '?'?' 1 4 2.5 IV 5Y4/1 16- 5 T 5Y4/1 2 17- V 6 7 1 1 i 2.5 i 18- VI 5Y4/1 4820 - -cz> ±80 8 E 19- 9 - -CZ3-"- 3 VII 10 5Y4/1 11 NUMBER 37 51 APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S16II SAMPLES CO < CO x Q X O z >- CO < o < >- X X o CD g CD 8 s X CO o o o X I- X O x D_ < CO CC 3 CO <: x =;o Q X <: o < o h- X z^ o X O CO cc < Q o O _1 fez O X z O— 2Q. O LU LL o O Q 3 Q co OQ UJ S< < O O o _i < ZDCC X C0> CC z LU g UJ 5 X o X X X X I- 00 O X < < *t _l < WLT o x x o co O O X _3 O 3 _5> >• >yi o_ o co o o o- o CO CO LL O CO O O < 52 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S17 I X lOCARB O 5 =X o T H (MET E IBO N 1 4 UCTUR E DNES S ORATO R T MINERA L CO o g << X APPENDIX 1 — Continued. CORE NUMBER S17II X CO h- SAMPLES < co CO o CO co X z X > CO co < DC -- <: x O o So x x LU ^ m JpX LU Xl=? O 2 x h X < o X x ^ CO < 3 S X (MET E X JARB O OG Y GICA G fez z^ Ox X I- LL LJ _i cr O X O— 50. LL X co OQ UJ ^*< _, l fa S o o i— o * si rf 3X X CO> -J 5 s=x o g —I o X oX 3 o O APPENDLX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S17 X LOGI C AG E 3< OLOG Y O lOCARB O 41- 42- 8940 ±120 43- 44- 45- 46- 47- 48- 49- 50 51 52—| 53 54 55- 56- 57- 58 59—| 60 NUMBER 37 55 APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S18 I < SAMPLES x CO o X > CO zZ\ CO O X < < z CO CD CO O 2 X LU o g o CO s s < Q co CD o CO X Q X APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S18 II c o BENTHI C (EVAPORITES ) VERDIN E ECHINOID S PLAN T FRAGMENT S PELECYPOD S LITHI C FRAGMENT S LITHOLOG Y STRUCTUR E MICA S PYRIT E SHEL L FRAGMENT S AGGREGAT E GASTROPOD S DEPT H (METERS ) BRYOZOAN S RADIOCARBO N DAT E FIEL D > CARBO N 1 4 e n HARDNES S (RELATIV E % ) GLAUCONITE / FORAMINIFER A LABORATOR Y ? LIGH T MINERAL S OSTRACODE S GEOLOGI C AG E COLO R TEXTUR E HEAV Y MINERAL S GYPSU M 20- 5Y3/2 XIII 15 10YR6/2 21- ••.'•'.'.- o'."'. 1 1 UJ 0.8 • l/'^sl. 5Y3/2 22- XIV 16 I z 5Y7/2 i LU 1.3 F 0 23- V^/./rS':.- 1 17 5Y3/2 0 XV 5Y7/2 1.3 J 24- 1.5 1.3 0 5Y3/2 25- XVI 18 1.5 5Y7/2 1 I 1.8 1 7400 26- XV 19 E 5Y3/2 1.3 ± 80 11 II 1.5 20 27- 1.8 4040 28- w5 24 F 5YR4/1 ±100 : 5YR4/1 29- '. ..//^\ •'/.:'• • w6 :'".• • 'TV ' 30- w7 5YR4/1 LU z 31- w8 25 5YR4/1 5YR4/1 LU 32- w9 0 w 26 5YR4/1 0 33- 10 h 34- w 5YR4/1 CO vy11 i 35- w 27 5YR4/1 i^ii o. "12 36- w 5YR4/1 J vv13 /^ 37- w 28 5YR4/1 vv '••'.• '•.'isV-'.'. 14 ;'.'•'.•.'•.•/*>.'} 38- w 5YR4/1 vv15 :"•[. •.••_v>.;: 39- v/rv-' •"..••!••' 5YR4/1 vw16 • "S^.- . '• '•'•••.•.•/•"•*<". 40^ -" NUMBER 37 57 APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S18 LU I— SAMPLES CO < £2 z £ EPT H (METE R EOLOGI C AG E BENTHI C ASTROPOD S ICA S (EVAPORITES ) LAN T FRAGME N ADIOCARBO N GGREGAT E TRUCTUR E ITHI C FRAGM E YROZOAN S ELECYPOD S STRACODE S OLO R ARDNES S GH T MINERAL S LAUCONIT E / VERDIN E YRIT E YPSU M HEL L FRAGME N DRAMINIFER A CHINOID S EAV Y MINERAL S LITHOLOG Y FIEL D CARBO N 1 4 LABORATOR Y (RELATIV E % ) o CC Q CO o X TEXTUR E i I 2 o o_o COQ_U_ o LU —I o_ 40- w 29 vv17 11530 41- w G 5YR4/1 ± 80 vv18 42- f-\ w19 - v_/ 43- •'•' ' •.v/: •• W» 30 LU Z 44- V\fc 31 5YR4/1 "• 48- . s~\ w» 32 5YR4/1 l_ . RL E 49- - •:'••'.Sy ;•':'• ™* 5YR4/1 50- 51- ^ 5YR4/1 •'.'Sxy: •.'.' 52- 12070 - w. 33 H 5YR4/1 ± 370 • /•'.'•. '/~~\--: .' 53- :••:,.;'• I I I 54- 55- 56- 57- 58- 59- 60-J 58 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S19 SAMPLES CO CO < CO Q X > CO ^ o Z DC ^ i < LU UJ < o LU --5 rr o o g CD rr CO cc< in < o X CD Q_ X o O .O cc 2 feeC O X < < _i X 6| Q_ U_ UJ u_ o X 3^ co OQ UJ ^x _, X DC UCT U DNE S TMIN E o _i o h- O O sLU <^* =< cr o g LU LU g Q_ ° 5YR3/2 8- ^-g - VII 1.3 4080 23 ± 90 -r-\- 9- VIII 5YR3/2 :/T7<- 10- W, 1.5 5Y3/2 •l.r"S vT\ 11- 10YR5/4 INSUF wc 29 12- 13- 14 15- 16- 17- 18 19- |20—' NUMBER 37 59 APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S20 LU I- SAMPLES CO < CO o CO X > CO o z LU < < O UJ < cc 2 ffi ffi O rn ^ CO o X co g X co UJ£ X O°= £cc CL S2 o Z FRA ( o fez LU ESP I FRA G GAT E o < _l O X _o_ u_ g =x o z 3^ co OQ o i— LU X o o 3 g X INOID S III X o °fr X O Q H^ *H 3x bz co> d i- APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S20 II SAMPLES < CO LU O o z X > CO < < LU < X CO CD o x Q LU > °c ^- X UJ LU < o CO CD X O I— CO g X 3 X 3 INO I _i o O co O =>< I— LU X _i X CO z X X o g UJ 5 O APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S20 LU EPT H (METERS ) EOLOGI C AG E BENTHI C (EVAPORITES ) ADIOCARBO N DA T LAN T FRAGMENT S THE R ELECYPOD S STRACODE S CHINOID S VERDIN E YPSU M HEL L FRAGMENT S DRAMINIFER A PONG E SPICULE S ITHI C FRAGMENT S GGREGAT E LITHOLOG Y STRUCTUR E FIEL D > CARBO N 1 4 o LABORATOR Y ? HARDNES S MICA S (RELATIV E % ) PYRIT F COLO R LIGH T MINERAL S GLAUCONIT E / O x a TEXTUR E HEAV Y MINERAL S . O co a. u_ O CO —1 Q- < LU O 40—i -=~- LU 7630 ,1W F 5Y3/2 XX 10YR5/4 ± 90 — — 4.5 LU _ SKF- VIII 10YR7/4 41- 40 10R3/4 0 w 1 1 1 7360 XX 5Y3/2 ± 90 42- 41 G 4.5 IX 10YR7/4 1 _^^v _ _ ? ? 5Y3/2 I i HOL O XXX 4.5 43- 42 10R3/4 I I w. 43 5GY3/2 44- LU ;: Z 15110 5GY3/2 UJ ± 640 45- w 44 H • 0 2 0 46- :• _ 5GY3/2 h w, 45 • 47- •V; ••'.•;.:';•':•' 00 •• LU • 48— /^S 46 5GY3/2 v 1 w4 Q. : 49- : J s> 47 5GY3/2 :• 50- w5 51- 52- 53- 54- 55- 56- 57- 58- 59- 60-' 62 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S21 I LU I<— SAMPl E 3 CO o. CO LU z X >• CO CO CO < Z5L X X CO x « O u_ o CO SPI C RA G AT E RIAN ! UJ > O x zy o cc V10IQ V X 3^ 2Q. U_ LOGI C A G OLOG Y lOCARB O O T H (MET E UCTUR E DNES S ORATO R IBO N 1 4 O ^cog =>sx x 3co<> z3 q ^^-2<^z: cc APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S21 II LU SAMPLES CO CO CO O co CO LU UJ z X > co CO _l O 3 CO O cc n- UJ APPENDIX 1.—Continued. LU £ SAMPLES CO Q co CO ff z £ UJ z x > co z3 in z _ UJ LU Z "d <^ UjLUSs —, ^ lu CO LU ^ »- XSOEUJ^^O UJ i w m^ 1^ lOz^ ,,, saOLriz^o^F. u_ ^ ^x o UJ u. u_x & % ;r >- co OQ UJ _, , sp ^ oo c > < ^^ — co3<> -i -i >- >-^ X x o co Q. f- _3 _i X S O Q_o COCOLL. O CO —1 x 54- 55- 56- 57- 58- 59- 60-" NUMBER 37 65 APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S22 I LU I- SAMPLES < co Q CO CO z X >- o LU CO < CO < o / 31IN 0 LU CD (- >- CO O xoz g CC UJ o m X ^ O LU o ^ £ 2 o < o Z ^° °C Or Z^ O CO O < y^pxco O MINER A LU S x CTUR E NES S MINERA L o 01 0 g X il ... ^°- u- O =X o O o £ Z o LU CO LL X TR U x x cor> —I •— ^^ X ICA S AR D X !±! CO (RELATIV E % ) TEXTUR E o ill o -J X _3 X _i m X o o X 2 o > >- >==- X < o CO Q_ Q_ Q_ O CO O LL. O CO 0 5YR2/2 4.5 3630 10YR4/2 4.5 ±110 1 m 5Y3/2 3 4 2 5Y3/2 2.8 :?:¥: 2 5Y3/2 3 IV 0.8 3770 5Y3/2 1 ± 90 V 10YR5/4 0.5 4 5Y5/2 • :<^:: w< 5 -srs m* 0.8 5Y3/2 VI *z 10YR5/4 1.3 6 10 0.5 **:': 0.5 7 5Y3/2 1.8 VII 11 10YR5/4 0.8 v_/— — - 1 4670 8 0.8 ± 80 5Y3/2 VIII 10YR5/4 I 9 0.8 10 IX 5Y3/2 1 15 10YR5/4 1.3 11 0.5 CS5 - 5Y3/2 16 10YR5/4 0.8 ":->4 1.8 12 0.5 17 5YR4/1 1 13 10YR4/2 ;' &!%{ 1.3 6630 14 0.5 ±150 5Y3/2 XII 18 10YR5/4 1 15- 0.5 .::'•'• •:•:•'••&' 5Y3/2 XIII 19 10YR5/4 0.8 16- 1 17- 5Y3/2 1 XIV 20 10YR5/4 0.8 5YR4/4 1 18H 0.8 5Y3/2 1.5 5YR3/4 21 1.3 19 XV 5YR5/6 1.5 5YR7/2 20^ 66 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES APPENDK 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S22 II SAMPLES < CO O X > o LU co < CO < z < < LU CO O XOZ g O X CO CO O o 3 CO X X 7910 ±150 7540 ± 70 24- 25- 26- 27- •.VC/./... .•", 28- II II W, 29 29- '.'l.T>. ••':•'• : j :S; .';';> ' W- 30 5Y5/2 30- II 31 31- w< 32920 XV ± 930 32- ,vr>.: •.•'.•...' W, 32 33- •v^> 5Y5/2 "V." W1 0 33 /TV.' 34- W, 34 35- '•.'•• '•.V/fs. 35 36- w 2 10YR4/2 24320 37- XIX 3 ±2030 10YR3/2 4.5 38- 39- 40^ NUMBER 37 67 APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S23 UJ SAMPLES CO o CO z X o LU > O h- LU < CD UJ >- X CO o g X O o < CO UJ > < LU X <: o o o So b x z _J g _l o o X DC o m o LU LU o o LU S? DC X X LU UJ LU —I < E 3 X X UJ < < I— O X UJ x o O o o o u_ Z3 O co o < o- 10YR4/2 4.5 10YR4/2 3.8 4.5 1- 5Y5/3 5Y7/2 12490 10YR4/2 0.5 ± 80 2- W, 5Y7/2 3- W, 5Y7/2 4- W, 5Y7/2 INSUF 5- •v: 6- w, 5Y7/2 7H wc 5Y7/2 8- 5Y7/2 w£ 9- W- 5Y7/2 10- 11- wc 5Y7/2 12- 5Y7/2 13- wr 14 15 16- 17- 18- 19- 20- 68 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S24 LU h- SAMPLES CO CO CO O< CO LU X > CO z < CO X o 2 X CO INER/ ! NER A NITE / (MET E UJ > GICA G OG Y < FRA C FRA G FRAG I WHO L > E SP K X •5 CODE ! o X cr O ;> o THI C 3- W, 4- w, 47 5 w£ 6- 7- w, 48 9200 11 10YR4/2 4.5 ±110 8- N9 3.5 12 10YR4/2 2.3 9- IV 4.5 24240 10- 13 10YR4/2 4.5 V N9 I I 1 ±1510 11- 12-| 13 14- 15- 16- 17- 18- 19- 20 j NUMBER 37 69 APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S25 CO AT E SAMPLES O CO CO CO CO z> X o< RAG ! AT E Q cc POD S Q X u_ o n CO o o 1— LU X RDIN E HOLOG Y IT E L FRAGMEN T RBO N 1 4 UCONIT E / PT H (METE R SU M LATIV E % ) V Y MINERAL S OLOGI C AG E DIOCARBO N VAPORITES ) _i 30RATOR Y RUCTUR E O :TUR E X UJ LU LU >*>. LU X Q_LU LU O TH I i- BENTHI C o^y< j AS T O LA N < O _J >- >-==- X o O co HARDNES S PELECYPOD S LIGH T MINERAL S HE A X o FORAMINIFER A O ss uJx OSTRACODE S _i Q_ X s o a. o co < o o- --%t 10YR4/2 4.5 3.8 1- 10YR4/2 4.5 2- I I 10YR4/2 2 5Y4/1 1.3 3- 3.3 3860 5Y3/2 ^N /~\ ?~\ 5Y5/2 2 ± 90 4- 10YR4/2 1.3 IV 5Y3/2 - - _ 5Y4/2 0.5 5- ""•- / - —^^ 5Y4/1 /-\ 10YR4/2 .V _ y^y- ss. 5Y3/2 6- /TV v • 5Y4/1 /TN_/-N_^>. 1.5 7- 10YR4/2 1 VI 5Y3/2 6630 10YR4/2 1 ±110 8- 0.5 5Y3/2 9- VII 10YR4/2 1.3 1 10YR4/2 0.5 10- 5Y3/2 13 0.8 VIII 10YR4/2 11- 1.3 5Y3/2 1.3 vs "' 15- 16- 17- 1 19- 20-^ 70 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES APPENDIX 1 — Continued. CORE NUMBER S26 LU u. C O \- z LL cr < X LL c X THOLOG Y BENTHI C ARBON1 4 w (EVAPORITES ) PONG E SPICULE S EOLOGI C AG E EPT H (METERS ) LAN T FRAGMENT S THE R TRUCTUR E VERDIN E ADIOCARBO N DA T IEL D > GGREGAT E THE R ABORATOR Y ? MICA S PYRIT E SHEL L FRAGMENT S SHEL L WHOL E h- HARDNES S (RELATIV E % ) LIGH T MINERAL S GLAUCONIT E / FORAMINIFER A COLO R HEAV Y MINERAL S OSTRACODE S TEXTUR E O X Q -J X _l O CO GYPSU M CO _ Q- < O O u 1 4.5 - II 30 10YR4/2 4.5 2500 1- 1.5 33 K i < ±170 III 1 1 ' UJ 34 1 2- z "^^ 35 10YR4/2 2820 IV 36 u UJ +120 i 0 3- w, 41 ' 0 - 4- J w2 42 0 4370 w3 0.5 I 5- _ _ _ _ 37 M ±170 V 10YR5/4 1.5 38 5Y3/2 3.5 1 4210 A 6- ^ 14- 15- 16- 17- 18- 19- 20^ NUMBER 37 71 APPENDIX 1 .—Continued. CORE NUMBER S27 LU IT ? I I IT T i .i 72 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S28 LU < SAMPI CO o CO CO LU z X > CO z -> LU UJ < < < < CO o rn :> xo LU X x g X o UJ^ X SP I < < UJ > %z O cc _z^;o § AT E X rr 0 SCL X X ^ Ml U- LU u_ u_ CO LOGI C A OLOG Y O lOCARB O O T H (MET E IBO N 1 4 UCTUR E DNES S ORATO R CO "£ "J =>< -i LU APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S28 II CO < SAMPLES o co LU z x > CO ^ o LU UJ < o U-" ^. < CD >• O 2 X CO g CC CD X < O 3 CO tl o cc O h- X O X o o _i o X OQ ^X U_ g O Q O uJ 3 o CO 3< _i FJS HI C FRAGM f LANKTONI C ENTHI C < ZDCC t= co> GREGAT E HINOID S RAMINIFER A LECYPOD S RAMINIFER A ONGESPICU L <\N T FRAGME r X o X TRACODE S o x -l 5DC Q_ i— h- _l < X LU o O <^j X Q.^ - LU ocu CO _i o o o°- o < co o UJ X Q_ LL CO _i o_ LU LL. w < < SO o_ CO co o 21- 22- 23- 7230 ± 80 24- 25- 26- 27- 1.3 5Y3/2 I 28- 10YR7/4 1.5 10950 X 10YR6/2 2 10YR4/4 3.5 I I I ± 90 4.5 29- 30- 31- 27 N7 w1 2 32- 33- 34- w1 3 10YR6/2 2.5 10YR4/2 28 10YR6/6 2.5 35- XI 5Y5/6 10YR4/6 3 5Y4/1 36- w1 4 29 37- 38- 39 40^ 74 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S29 LU _ SAMPLES CO co t; co DA T CO X > CO 3 CO~ Z ^ LU Z LU CC UJ UJ < 2 UJ •<* LU ^ < CC 1— ^ frt u. co co o ^ L7J > o *- X ^Or^Hr1 LUQ^OUJ II < 9 !tn Q o rr < t ^ o < u3 £> 1 i |g O LT ? Z^ O Q_ LT DC ^ -r -J CC 0 i ^X U_ Fh =X O O Li_ o h O Q u^<_,SP!= EOLOGI C AG E LU 1— UJ c DILU LU i CL-UJ £ co E < C3 X I ADIOCARBO N < m - >-==- X LU O CO < t _3 O 1— h- o X Q —I X _l 1O §CO O X 1- St Zi 3= ^ O CL O COQ_U_ O O —J Q. < O O n u : 1- — — — - 5 2- _ _ _ _ I 30 10YR4/2 3 1 1 1 1 . 3- 4.5 UJ 10YR4/2 1.3 _ —^ 31 1 z 3460 5Y3/2 1.5 4- II 5Y7/2 ±100 A 2.5 111 1 8 I I | •— -— 32 5Y7/2 2.3 1 0 5- 5Y6/4 2 10YR6/6 0 III 5Y5/6 1.5 4580 1.8 j 33 5Y3/2 ±100 fi- 5Y5/2 2.3 2.3 0 5Y3/2 5190 IV 34 I ± 90 7- _,^^_ C 10R3/4 2.5 • v> — v>- 2.3 — — — -35 5Y5/2 1.5 1 11 8- 1 i'ri^ 1 V 5Y3/2 0.5 4910 1 - _ _ _ _ 3b D 0.5 ± 90 9- - • /~s-: •' •.•' 10- — - ;.'•.'.•.• ;./*s^ 11- - .' <^>'.V. • ...' wi 37 12- LU - . ^ Z 13- '"•"'• •'.'*"*• .' LU •::•••:' : '^ • •'•'.••' • 0 14- ••}•;]• 0 15- h w2 38 00 :'• • •'. • 16- . . ss '. ' LU _ '::- '•'•••' J /-\ ••'•'• . 1 17- ^~N J 8870 18- '/*>'•.'• '.'.•••.''. 39 ±170 v% | •'.:'•'•'•'•': 19- •' • ^~N' .• : • :'-.:.-:- : •''' -JI 20 ^ NUMBER 37 75 APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S29 II LU SAMPI ES CO o£ CO CO LU X z > CO zz\ CO LU < CO LU U- LU — ?5 )Q CC LU cq o o LU Q < LU > cc S? en X < o 2 * X X O cc 2 o o OLOG Y LOGI C A G LU lOCARB O O T H (MET E UCTUR E ORATO R IBO N 1 4 DNES S co OQ 2P < x o X CC X X X o_l 5Q. u_ 9: X X LU LU LoU o. LU 1— LU m x x is o APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S30 I LU £ SAMPL: CO O CO LU z X CO > UJ < < X X < UJ o UJ .Hz (1 LU X x < LU LOGI C A G O ^^ i— OLOG Y lOCARB O O T H (MET E UCTUR E DNES S ORATO R IBO N 1 4 3>= x b= LU LU CD LL APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S30 II LU CO SAMPLES I- O£ CO z LU z X > co CO LOGI C T H (MET E -Z 9 if d ^ LU OLO R ARDNES S GH T MINER A LAUCONITE / VERDIN E LU 1— EAV Y MINER ; 00 o yj < < Q-li I x o o < Q (RELATIV E % ) _i CO X TEXTUR E _i X < X ix JO z> o CO LU u_ o" 5 o o O 20- 21- 5020 22- i'j.n iv ±110 _ £7\ — \^> — — 23- $... V 24- 25- VI 8090 26- ±120 VII 27- 8040 VIII ±250 28- 1 I f INSUF w 29- 30- v^ 31- N3 v^: 23 32- 5Y6/1 33- ^ 34- 10770 24 5YR4/1 ±120 V^ 35- 25 36- ^{ 37- 5YR4/1 v^7 38- 26 39- vy{ 40- 78 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S30 SAMPLES CO < CO Q X CD Z > < O cr CD O 2 X CO g CC o UJ CO CO E 3 INER A AT E NERA L MITE / I C RAGMEN ' o < o I- LU > ORITES ) RAGMEN " Q NIFER A _l X u_ o o UJ^ LU X X _i O *8 If INO I 1— TU R X O °9 o LL F VY M g LAT I LIGH T M l >- >-==- LU I- uj x HE A 2 o X O CO LU LL O LL. -1 Q_ (') X O X < o o o _J o co 40- -^-7~ LU w 27 z vv19 UJ 41- /s 0 . v^ 42- /•> w 28 0 vv20 \S h 43- CO w 44- J 1 45- J 46- 47- 48- 49- 50- 51- 52- 53- 54- 55- - 56- 57- 58- 59- 50^ NUMBER 37 79 APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S31 I LU ASTROPOD S ICA S (EVAPORITES ) PONG E SPICULE S LAN T FRAGMENT S THE R EOLOGI C AG E GH T MINERAL S UUCONITE / ELECYPOD S STRACODE S ITHI C FRAGMENT S GGREGAT E ADIOCARBO N DA T OLO R ARDNES S VERDIN E YRIT E YPSU M HEL L FRAGMENT S DRAMINIFER A EAV Y MINERAL S LITHOLOG Y STRUCTUR E DEPT H (METERS ) FIEL D > LABORATOR Y ? CARBO N 1 4 c o (RELATIV E % ) O x o X TEXTUR E lj X 2 O D_0 COO-LL. oco_jo_ u - _.._.. I 1 1- II 2 2- ---> III I 1 3 ..1. 3- IV 4 ITH S BR I _i _ — -- — •- O V t 4— 5 ^\ 3260 VI 6 A + 90 5- W/M/i, 7 - VII mm I ! DIATOM S / P H 6- - VIII 8 m® 1—... . •.....•.• .'•"'N—•* 9 1 • » UJ 8- IX 10 1 1 1 1 ' • I z X 9- 11 1 1 1 UJ i ! 0 12 1 HYTOLITH S XI 0 10- [.'Irhi'.- 1 13 j 5840 ! B 0 +140 11- 1 - — STs- XII 14 I DIATOM S _ . . .S-i'. 12- 15 t 16 1 XIII CO 13- 17 o .._.._ I2 14- =^s ^ 18 o XIV LU 6590 '.-.I/:.•'.;•'; c 1 ±110 15- _ 19 16- "-"- XV 20 17- — - - -v^/ XVI 21 1 18— _.._.. 22 $$&$ 1 11 _.._.. XV 19- I II 1 1 7650 ------23 D y;]?:^;;. ±150 20-^ .24- 80 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S31 II LU < SAMPLES CO O CO z x > CO o LU cc < O h- co o o CQ O 2 LL- III g LU CO X LU o_ < o X o x CO Q X < o < o 3 UJ > o CO X < O S o r- X O o o o O Q UJ =>< O g _J O o CQ o co g < X , g 3 O X 1 —I LU S X o X _l X LU - - APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S31 LU 1— co < SAMPI 1 CO Q CO co z LU z X > CO < < cc O O CO X o Q Q < UJ > O | CO X o % a•_ Z o X X Ol O x o LU U- Q_ 3>3= ,, OQ UJ ^x >- ^ O OCARB O OLOG Y x u_ < o o DNES S o UCTUR E LOGI C A G T H (MET E ORATO R IBO N 1 4 X < ZDCC X CO> o X X Q X X _J < O CO n co u- X o rr I g «JUJ x O.UJ _ X I— in LU 1— LU h- X LU O i2 CO X X 3 o < < _i o < x ^ X LU O o X Q X 35 co o X x ^ O o_ o CO O- Q_ o CO —I Q_ < o 40- rr77^~7^[ 1 -c- - LU w8 Z 41- LU 0 42- W9 46 0 1 1 h 43- 00 - w,„ 47 LU 44- J 1 45- w„ 48 1 1 J 46- 47- 48- 49- 50- 51- 52- 53- 54- 55- 56- 57- 58- 59- 60^ 82 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES APPENDS 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S32 I SAMPLES CO < CO CO o CO LU z X > co CO O , . _i LU < O cc ^. LU cc < LU >s < < LU co g o CO >• o 2 X 7± UJ o X co cc X X 2 g o O u. Q X < < < o < o YA UJ LU zw o cc o X X o cr O X z s o o o o u- X O 3b SQ < o X UJ X !=! g — O UJ 3 O °^ ... - u- X z g X UJ >< EX Lu mcc x _i co OQ UJ =D< , I— o o 5 x Qj LU o X X O b: ^ < < I— O X CD^. < 3X t: co> —i CO o o < -J x _J O co O O APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S32 II LU ICA S EPT H (METERS ) (EVAPORITES ) PONG E SPICULE S LAN T FRAGMENT S TRUCTUR E GH T MINERAL S LAUCONIT E / EOLOGI C AG E OLO R ITHOLOG Y ARDNES S HEL L WHOL E STRACODE S ITHI C FRAGMENT S GGREGAT E ADIOCARBO N DA T VERDIN E HEL L FRAGMENT S DRAMINIFER A THE R E OXIDE S EAV Y MINERAL S YRIT E YPSU M CARBO N 1 4 w FIEL D > LABORATOR Y ? (RELATIV E % ) o X o _i CO o X TEXTUR E _iX^O o_o COCOLL. o CO _i o_ < o U_ UJ IX 13 10YR4/2" 4 ' z vv 21 10 UJ ,1, 1 1 1 0 • r o i — ^ o 0 22- 23- ^m ~ LU 24- J 1 25- J 26- 27- 28- 29- 30- 31- 32- 33- 34- 35- 36- 37- 38- 39- 40- 84 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES APPENDIX I.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S33 I LU r- SAMPLES CO co CO O< CO CO LU LU z X > CO _l CO < t ^ LU X CO 0 < X X ^ -J LU rn ^ CO X ^ — X S? O LL. Q CO UJ > (MET E GI C A G OG Y ITH S fez FR A ESP I CO I— -RA G GAT E /Y01V I X _i X 3^ i %z 3 S i 5¥ S o lOCARB O i— cr O o o S _l X oX o X °?l ... 2Q. u. 5 =X o o o 3 2 UJ LU h- q OS PON G LAN T ITHI C GGR E X _l < b3 o > «« 3X EI cO> —1 —I < . X HYTO L X< O _l X < o APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S33 II UJ fe SAMPLES CO CO LU CO o X > CO CO O z _J < < CO o rn O >- < X ;> CO CO co o g o x LU X X 0 LL X 3 CO < 1 co £ o o fez FRA ( ESP I X GAT E I- z^ FRA G < _l x o X £ > LU X o o O co OQ Q _J O ^ g X o 3 O 3>= o O O uJ X X X < 3X tr co> Q LU _l m THI C PON G LAN T X STRACOD E GGR E LU H- < X iii O APPENDIX l.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S34 I LU u. C O \- z LL c< X LL C THOLOG Y X EOLOGI C AG E (EVAPORITES ) EPT H (METERS ) ARBO N 1 4 c o PONG E SPICULE S ASTROPOD S lATOM S LAN T FRAGMENT S IEL D > TRUCTUR E VERDIN E STRACODE S ADIOCARBO N DA T ALCI C NODULE S ABORATOR Y ? PELECYPOD S MICA S PYRIT E SHEL L FRAGMENT S HARDNES S (RELATIV E % ) GLAUCONITE / LIGH T MINERAL S FORAMINIFER A COLO R CO _J TEXTUR E HEAV Y MINERAL S o X LJ -i x _i O CO GYPSU M o 1- a . o Q o U 10YR4/2 1 1 i f •/./•K". .".•.'.'••.' 1- w, 10 10YR5/4 I 2- •V~N. '..' • ;• w2 11 10YR5/4 • •'•'.'• •:'/•>•': 3- 10YR5/4 4- w3 12 i UJ 13 5YR5/4 z .'.•"• •Vw '.. w4 UJ 6- .'•'O •".' _ -'•••'..' .'O'-' 0 14 5YR5/4 7- • ;'• -i'O''V w5 1 J0 - .' .'••' •• '.S-^ 0 R- .'•O- •'•'.'• '.• 1 15 5YR3/2 CO I .'•'..'<_>'.'.- .'• •. w6 9- .'•'•'.' .^v-' I INO I N2 w7 16 E O 10- ! ! 1 2 <1 1 q ! 1 ! II 5YR3/1 1 [ 11- ^ i 1 3 ' <1 III 5YR2/1 M 12- 4 Cr^ii^^ <1 1 ihajSr^J? 5YR2/1 8370 IV 5 A ±180 13- ? i ! f 5YR3/2 1 6710 w8 17 B 11 UJ ±190 14- z iii i w9 18 5YR3/2 UJ 15- .. ./?v • .-•• - /~N 1 o x 0 5YR4/4 i 16- w,„ 19 11 0) 17- w 20 5YR4/4 1 1 1 v_y w,1,1 UJ J 18- 1 1 T ! I 0. 19- 21 5YR5/6 '.'•O .'••.' •'. w J vv 12 20^ — NUMBER 37 87 APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S34 II LU h- C O EOLOGI C AG E (EVAPORITES ) PONG E SPICULE S GH T MINERAL S ADIOCARBO N DA T LAUCONIT E / LAN T FRAGMENT S VERDIN E ELECYPOD S IEPT H (METERS ) TRUCTUR E EAV Y MINERAL S IICA S YRIT E YPSU M HEL L FRAGMENT S DRAMINIFER A STRACODE S ITHI C FRAGMENT S GGREGAT E E / HEMATIT CEMEf s ALCI C NODULE S LITHOLOG Y CARBO N 1 4 c o FIEL D > LABORATOR Y ? HARDNES S COLO R (RELATIV E % ) o x o CO TEXTUR E =i x s o Q_ O CO Q_ LU O co _i o_ < u_ o 20- r—^-—-• -, -f~| fs - 22 . ^S w 5Y5/6 1 21- '.'••;•••'O'-'.-. 13 T - C M C M O I ' 23 5Y5/6 /*"S w vv ! 14 I V 6 10YR4/2 >5 ! T ! ..'•_ •.-.• _' VI 10YR4/2 19450 _ 10YR2/2 _ _~_~_~ 7 C >5 ± 840 24- VII 10YR4/2 M 1 VIII 8 >5 IX 10YR4/2 21050 25- 9 1 x I) ± 920 w 24 10YR4/2 vv15 26- '.•'•v-r/'.'.'• •'..'•'•. - w 25 10YR4/2 vv 27- 16 LU v.^ Z 28- w 26 10YR4/2 LU vv17 29- - w 27 10YR4/2 vv18 TO O 30- 00 - LU 31- w 28 10YR4/2 J vv19 1 I'll '.Is}] Q. 32- 1 /~\ 10YR4/2 .•'.'••• .•'.•'•• .';'/rv-.';•. 34- - w 30 10YR4/2 •Vr> •• • .•••'. vv21 35- co. i • zl ^ i vv22 YOZ O i 1 cr • m 37- 10YR4/2 - : .'.•'O ••'.:•'.; w 32 vv23 38- e-S 1 ^ v_> 10YR4/2 39- w 33 vv24 1 v.^ 1 40^ 88 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S35 I LU C O THOLOG Y ICA S ARBO N 1 4 c o (EVAPORITES ) EOLOGI C AG E PONG E SPICULE S EPT H (METERS ) LAUCONITE / LAN T FRAGMENT S TRUCTUR E ELECYPOD S STRACODF S VERDIN E ITHI C FRAGMENT S GGREGAT E ADIOCARBO N DA T IEL D > EAV Y MINERAL S YRIT E YPSU M HEL L FRAGMENT S CHINODS/DIATOM S ALCI C NODULE S ABORATOR Y ? DRAMINIFER A HARDNES S (RELATIV E % ) COLO R o X o. -I U. JU CO TEXTUR E J X 2 O Q-O CO Q- U_ C CO _| Q_ < LU O U 1- w. 13 10YR4/2 2- I 10YR4/2 w? 14 3- 15 10YR4/2 4- '.Gi:ii':i w3 5- .'••'• '•v~/: •• 16 10YR4/2 1 ' '..V-s'' w4 fi— 1 ."• -.-.•• _\c/. :.•-7 ^> •'/:'.• w 17 5Y4/4 7- 5 ! 11 ! '.•NVv •'.•-".' UJ 8- .'•'• •'.'-•'/->.' W 18 5Y4/4 z - v^ . 6 UJ 9- /"N 0 6160 w 19 F_ 5Y4/4 ± 80 10- •'• •'•'•/TV."': 7 1I 1 i i j0 >"S 11- 1 1 0.5 .:^ 11 I 0 Ti T• - 5Y3/2 » &£§? w8 20 I 12— ••'"•• --'O' 21 5Y3/2 w9 .J^N;'.. .' ••'• f 13- 22 5Y3/2 •'• ..'v-z.'.-' '•'• w10 t t 14- 2 II 3 •JU; .>."••.•'.• .-m I » 23 5Y3/2 15- w„ I 24 5Y3/2 w12 1b- -_ •-^••.v: 4 5Y3/1 III 7730 17- . .^^ .. _ ±120 - — - - -r~\- 5 bj 5Y3/1 18- ~ GXD ' ' \ _ ss _ - IV 5Y5/1 19- 6 OM S - i<- 5Y5/2 Q 20-1 V NUMBER 37 89 APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S35 II < SAMPLES CO O CO z X >- CO CD < o X CO O CO < CD < CO o Q > O 5 X 00 LU a; o Q g CC in CC L_J /•/-> < o 3 S£ X < o < o I- _0 cr 2 O X o CO o o o o _l 2 o O X ffl £> Q_ 3 2 2 8o ^x u_ >_ APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CO CORE NUMBER S36 I LU LU —( r- SAMPl E < CO o CO ENT S NT S LU X CO LE S z LU > _i ZJ 3GREG A LU ^s < < CO > CC CO X in ¥ z rr O x FRA G ESPI C NEDA ( GAT E FRAGl V co MI N * 2fa 8 CT U NE S 01 0 X °^ Ml ^X U_ LU -> OCARB O BO N 1 4 LOGI C A G OLOG Y ORATO R T H (MET E O CJJO OQ UJ =>< , Z g LU < X o X oIV I 1* O O X X _i CD CC < 3X X CO> —I X CO LU O LU TR U GH T UJ AR D z LAN T i— _i CO (RELATIV E X< TEXTUR E CQO_ _i CO O o X _3 O o X _i X SO X o CO Q- UL O o_ < o u_ 0 10YR4/2 <1 1- W1 14 10YR4/2 5Y2/1 <1 2- :?:?: w, 15 5Y3/2 3- 16 5Y3/2 4 w. 5 w, 17 5Y3/2 6 5Y3/2 7H wc 18 •VJ/..y. 8 '.••'•Ot' w. 19 5Y3/2 9 W- 20 5Y3/2 10 11 wc 21 5Y3/2 12 <1 5Y2/1 5GY2/1 13- • 7080 IV 5Y2/1 <1 ±120 14- Tl I t wr 22 5Y3/2 15 f 23 5Y4/1 16- w. 17- w; 24 5Y4/1 18- 5Y5/6 19- w.1 2 25 20-J NUMBER 37 91 APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CO CORE NUMBER S36 II LU r- LU CO < SAMPLES o < CO co CO LU z 1— X CO CO LU LU O X >• CO z O _l ZD LU O UJ < LU UJ X > o < z X CO CO ( ) cn -> < O O 2 X CO U '_ crj Q Q g CD o 3 CO '-,,1 u: < O o CC O I- LU > z ^ z^ o cr o Z _i EGAT E X Q_ GESP I MINIF E THI C HCOD E fFRA G < 5z o 5 S o^ 5Q. u_ CFRA ( O < 3 o cr O 3 Q 3^ 2 $T co OQ LU S< _, >• X z LL o h- E= > < 3X t CO> —I o X CO o g X o o n co X o X XLU i— o _J LU r- _l < X LU 2; < o APPENDIX I.—Continued. CO CORE NUMBER S36 UJ 40- 41- 42- 43 44- 45- 46- 47- 48 49- 50- 51 52- 53- 54 55H 56 57- 58- 59 60 NUMBER 37 93 APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S37 LU h- SAMPLES CO O< CO CO LU z X CO ENT S ON S ENT S ULE S O UJ LU MEN T 1— LU CO n i— g *- x > LU o ^> Q SP I AT E RA G OR I RA G NIFER A CR E FRA ( cr o k u WHO L on LL LU m >n ^ LU z OCARB O 3< X OLOG Y _i _i h- LOGI C A T H (ME O O 3 _i (RELATIV E % ) COLO R LIGH T MINERA L TEXTUR E GLAUCONITE / CD X O HEAV Y MINER A >-D_ CO LL CO _l CL (') LL O u_ _J* O co o co o < 10YR4/2 1- 10YR3/2 2- 10YR3/2 IV 10YR4/2 3- 5YR2/1 V 5Y2/1 4- 5GY2/1 3260 5- ±80 5Y3/1 I I I I T T VI 5Y4/1 6- M 5Y2/1 7- VII 5Y2/1 8- 5Y2/1 9- =s f V 5Y3/1 10- VIII HI 11- IX 5GY2/1 6870 12- /-v — ±170 X 5GY4/1 13- w< 5Y4/1 LU 14- z 16 w. 5Y4/1 LU 15- 0 17 0 16- w. 5Y4/1 h (/) 17- w. 18 UJ 5Y4/1 J 18- D. 19- wr 19 10YR4/2 We 20- 94 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S37 II UJ SAMPLES CO w 1— ,„ 1— m o CO X LU ( % 3A I 1- LU SS 3 UJ X o 3 3 t GICAG E 01 0 o 1- X _J o X DIOCARBO N BORATOR Y X o ±D iRBO N 1 4 3 o GH T MINERAL S LAUCONIT E / (EVAPORITES ) HEL L WHOL E STRACODE S PONG E SPICULE S HEL L FRAGME N LAN T FRAGMENT ! EAV Y MINERAL S VERDIN E YRIT E YPSU M ITHI C FRAGME N GGREGAT E THE R X IICA S DRAMINIFER A E CONCRETION S LU < LU Xh- \a UJ 20- z w 20 111 21- 6 1 0 0 22- h 23- (/) ^m - LU 24- J 1 25- J 26- 27- 28- 29- 30- 31- 32- 33- 34- 35- 36- 37- 38- 39- 40- NUMBER 37 95 APPENDIX l.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S38 I SAMPLES CO CO CO NT S LE S DAT E CO 1— 1— EPT H (METE R lATOM S ICA S PONG E SPICUL I TRUCTUR E (EVAPORITES ) EMATIT E NOD U IEL D LAN T FRAGME N EOLOGI C AG E ITHOLOG Y ADIOCARBO N OLO R ARDNES S GH T MINERAL S LAUCONIT E / STRACODE S ITHI C FRAGM E GGREGAT E VERDIN E /RIT E YPSU M HEL L FRAGME N ELECYPOD S DRAMINIFER A EAV Y MINERAL S LABORATOR Y CARBO N 1 4 _i CO (RELATIV E % ) CO <£ CJ X o X o X o X TEXTUR E _i X 2 o o_ o CO o_ LL o _J o_ 96 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES APPENDLX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S38 II LU z 1— SAMPLES < CO o Q CO _^ 1— •- ENT S NT S LU z X > CO «? CO z LE S LU X X o EOLOGI C A G ARBO N 1 4 EPT H (MET E ICA S THI C FRAG M OR M TUBE S TRUCTUR E (EVAPORIT E IEL D GH T MINERA L ADIOCARB O ITHOLOG Y UUCONITE / PONG E SPIC U ABORATO R EAV Y MINER A VERDIN E YRIT E YPSU M HEL L FRAGM E ELECYPOD S DRAMINIFER / STRACODE S UN T FRAGM E _i GGREGAT E E OXID CON C HARDNES S (RELATIV E % ) o X o -i u_ _j o CO o TEXTUR E _i x s o XO COO_U_OCO_IO_<^LL L. ^CO ?n -=—-—-1 1 1~~ H ~N ~ ~- 1/ 41 CALCI C 21- -~-~N - XVI NODU L -N 18 » ' I 22- 42 i m XV Ii -"-"•A- II 1 23- 19 1 • XV 24- III 20 25- w5 21 | 26- I w 22 27- 6 I I UJ 1I ! 1 ! ! z 28- UJ •'••'•'?T>" :'••'.''."•• w7 23 1 I 1 0 29- i ~N- ~ - XIX 0 24 30- h N XX 25 31- w >29260 43 F, i XXI I J 26 i 32- _.._.. » _ ./-\. .. 27 J —v^> w 33- 8 11 34- 28 /"S w9 11 35- - — -\^- /~s — 29 _ .. \^ . w10 36- 1. • — vs- 41)-' NUMBER 37 97 APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S38 III SAMPLES CO AT E o CO CO LU X > CO 1 CO NT S Q O O o O Q < O CO X < o X O CO < O O i- LU cc X O < \— o I— ICA S EPT H (MET E (EVAPORIT E TRUCTUR E IEL D ARDNES S GH T MINERA L UUCONIT E / EOLOGI C A G ITHOLOG Y OLO R ADIOCARB O EAV Y MINER A VERDIN E YRIT E YPSU M HEL L FRAGM E ELECYPOD S X CO o < CARBO N 1 4 _J LABORATO R (RELATIV E % ) o X O X CO o X TEXTUR E _i X ^ o o_ o CO D_ II 5 < Q o o CO —I CL. ^7^^-rrr -— - UJ 40- 1 f '~fc 1 1— - . ^> w 32 z vv13 1 UJ 41- 1 0 42- w 33 0 vw14 1 1 1 1 ! 43- 1 I 03 w1(; 34 1 ™ ^-> 15 1 LU 44- rs • 1 J \~/ 1 1 45- •'•' v'O •.''.•.'.•'. w 35 vv16 J v_y 1 46- 1 47- 48- 49- 50- 51- 52- 53- 54- 55- 56- 57- 58- 59- 60- 98 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S39 LU SAMPLES CO < CO CO Q CO LU co Z X > co CO O LU _i < LU < < O LU LU X CO <: x !_ 7n —J LU g o CD O 2 X OT x CL < o g o in < CC cc ^ g LJ.^ E CO x < o < o UJ rr ^ p S 1 z^ b LU LL X o o o _l 5z x Z Q o O _X U_ ^ =X o O o LU x cc g _i 3 t 3< _j _i 3^ < X o 3 _i Q o LU UJ o UJ o £ X r- "5 o 55 3^55:111 a m 9 E < X CD CC r- o x x o co o o X o _i X 2 U Q_ O < < ^ co 5 XQj CO CO LL O x t 55 < UJ Jr CO _l 0 _j o X I- £ 10YR4/2 1-1 3840 I ±100 2 16 10YR4/2 4540 3 ±290 5Y4/1 4- Wi 5Y4/1 5- W- 5Y4/1 6 7-\ W, 5Y4/1 8 5Y4/1 W, 9- 5Y4/1 10- wc 11- 5Y4/1 u » 12- w. 10 5Y4/1 21700 13 ±2460 •N-_ 10YR4/2 13 16- W- 5Y4/1 17- wr 14 5Y4/1 18- 19- 20^ NUMBER 37 99 APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S40 LU SAMPLES CO < CO I— CO M O co h- On LU z x > 1 zLU z > O O u3 j £ —> LU X cc ^ < < > i> < oo > O 2 x o en m x X CO X g o -z. 3 co LU < r IDS / r- UJ LT FRA ( o ESP I o o O £ > z£ § £ fa S RA G GAT E CO _l CD x z H 1NV 1 in LJ o g o Q 3b co 8i UJ ISc S fc 1z | § g Z > CC o < 3X X cO> -I LU < , X Z rr OIV I _i o o _l X X LU O <;UJ X Q_LU LU _i XUJ |_ O UJ < 00 O h- o < X < o < LU o ^ -J> >- >-==•- X LU O CO C H x X X ^ C/Q_J _i Q_ LU LU o co o Z> o Q-O COCLLL O APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S 40 II CO SAMPLES CO < CO < CO UJ o o z X > CO LU O _i LU < X < O &• ^i- LU ^o < < CO o o o CD >• co£ g X CO X crin L= x 9 Q_ < o o X o UJ£ 8 y= £ co X < < < o < o fez 0 LL X cc O X LU o o o _l 3»= ^z ^g x s: z^ o LU X DNE S UCT U _J g O O O CD TMIN E o X o co OQ UJ ZD< , 0 pi- < o UJ X -> CD CC Z o o o < 3X X CO> -I LU < , X z o UJ < O W < < HA R (RE L LIG H CO L TE X HEAV Y MI N ^ -i> >- >-==- x UJ o co o < O X o_ CO LL JO 2 O OLO COQ-U. O co 20- 21- 13 5Y3/2 Wvvi< 22- srs :v> •; 14 23- W„ 5Y3/2 24- 5Y3/2 wt 15 25- 6050 ±140 w 16 5Y3/2 VV 26- 1: N. 1 4.5 19350 10YR4/2 ± 950 27- V 17 10YR2/2 VI 10YR4/2 28- 18 29- 30- 31- 32 33 34- 35- 36- 37 38- 39- 40^ NUMBER 37 101 APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S41 I LU r- SAMPLES CO < Q CO LU z X > CO ^ O LU < LU UJ < O ut ** X CD < CD > O 2 LU X LU < o LU CO Q X < CO INER A Q ES S O cc x fez I O < cc O O X o# ;Q_ LL O z :> co OQ UJ 3< < O o o CD Q CD 3 i— < ZDCC \ZZ cO> _ x HOLO G LU PT H (ME T o. DIOCA R OLOGI C X o_l i O <;UJ X Q_LU LU CO < -J m DC X i— X zr IU < LU i— UJ < < I- o < o 5= —>> >- >-— X < X CO E 3 o (RELATIV E % Q _J TEXTUR E _i 2 O Q_ O CO O o O X co O X O _l X o X _] O o < 102 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S41 II LU C O EOLOGI C AG E EPT H (METERS ) ARBO N 1 4 c o (EVAPORITES ) VERDIN E ITHOLOG Y IEL D > ADIOCARBO N DA T TRUCTUR E ABORATOR Y ? SPONG E SPICULE S PLAN T FRAGMENT S MICA S PELYCEPOD S LITHI C FRAGMENT S PYRIT E RUST Y AGGREGATE S HARDNES S (RELATIV E % ) LIGH T MINERAL S SHEL L FRAGMENT S AGGREGAT E GUUCONITE / ECHINOID S COLO R TEXTUR E HEAV Y MINERAL S FORAMINIFER A OSTRACODE S o X Q -i u. _i o CO GYPSU M on , £L> 3490 ±100 W 19 E 5Y6/1 21- V¥14 •'.••'.'• \-rf*. • 22- w 20 5Y4/1 vv ':''&•'•'•'.•'••'• 15 23- • ;• ../TV .•'•: '.•'•'••' K>:\: - w 21 5Y4/1 24- 16 i « 48 5Y5/1 VI 22 10YR4/2 4.5 _-e>-_- 5Y4/1 25- VII 23 10YR5/4 4.5 - ~jN-_-_ VIII 5Y4/1 24 10YR5/4 4.5 i » • 1 1I I 26- i i -~-o-~ 49 5Y4/1 IX 10YR4/2 4.5 25 I 1 27- w 26 LU :.":': •' '\Zs..: vv 17 5YR6/4 1 Z ' 28- w 27 1 f i LU vv 1 18 5Y5/2 i 0 29- ! 1 ! 1 0 h w 28 5YR6/4 30- vv 00 •' //iH-.•'.'•'.:--: 19 LU 31- w 29 5Y5/2 J vv20 ! 1 32- w 30 5Y5/2 J vy 33- 21 34- ••':•"•'.V/.' : 31 5Y5/2 • -'..'O'.: ••':•' w2„2 _ /.• •••.';>>'.•.•• 35- :'.-. •'O.--"'.:-'.; : '.vS. ••••••','• w 32 5Y5/2 36- vv23 i i .•."•Vy*V '•"•'• 37- •.v_z'.••;'••':• 5Y5/2 i Wvw2 4 33 • •'.'•• •.'•.'Or.'! i 38- VS '••'•'.'• .$-£••• 1i - • .•'/TV '•';]. v." 5Y5/2 WVW 34 39- • •.'••' vS".:. 25 i v^ I 40-1 NUMBER 37 103 APPENDIX l.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S41 LU CO SAMPLES 1— EPT H (METERS ) ICA S (EVAPORITES ) UN T FRAGMENT S GGREGAT E EOLOGI C AG E ITHOLOG Y TRUCTUR E STRACODE S ITHI C FRAGME N UUCONITE / ELYCEPOD S CHINOID S ADIOCARBO N D , OLO R ARDNES S GH T MINERAL S VERDIN E /RIT E YPSU M HEL L FRAGMENT S DRAMINIFER A PONG E SPICULE S lUST Y AGGREGATE S EAV Y MINERAL S FIEL D LABORATOR Y CARBO N 1 4 _i (RELATIV E % ) o_ 40^ —-.—f 5Y5/2 - . vv26 35 41- •' 42- vw27 36 5Y5/2 UJ 43- z - w 37 5Y5/2 vv in 44- 28 I 0 /~\ 45- 38 5Y5/2 0 ''••':?S.' •'.'•"!•' w 1 - vy29 h ••-••^•: (A 46- iU " w 39 5Y5/2 J 47- vv30 Q. , 48- w 40 5Y5/2 J q31i 49- - r~\ w32 41 5Y5/2 50- ^ I 51- W33 42 5Y5/2 CO 0^ 53- 54- 55- 56- 57- 58- 59- 60- 104 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S42 I LU SAMPLES CO UJ W LE S RS ) .NT S MDA T CO , CO z lENT S BENTHI C (EVAPORIT E IEL D TRUCTUR E ADIOCARBO I ARDNES S UUCONIT E / ITHOLOG Y OLO R ASTROPOD S PONG E SPIC U VERDIN E 'EPT H (MET E ABORATO R JARBON1 4 EAV Y MINERA I ELECYPOD S HEL L FRAGM E DRAMINIFER / STRACODE S ITHI C FRAft W LAN T FRAGM E GGREGAT E IEOLOGI C A G IICA S YPSU M RYOZOAN S E OXIDE S (RELATIV E % ) LIGH T MINERA L o X Q -I X _l o CO o x TEXTUR E XSOO CLCOOLL O CO _ Q- n U 1 4 I 1 .•(TV ...••.•• Wi 1 10YR5/2 i 2— 10YR5/2 : v w2 2 ! 3- s~>, 3 10YR5/2 ' 4- w3 3610 5- w. 4 E_ 10YR3/2 ±110 4 6- l§S - r~s 10YR4/2 5 7- w5 5Y4/1 KS • W LU 8- 10YR4/2 W6 6 Z - 5Y4/1 LU 9- - 0 V_/ 5Y5/2 10- 7 0 ; ;.•' '-.'./ry,.'-w7 - s~\ J s ':'.".••' • -s.'- 0 4890 11- 11 w 8 F 5Y5/2 I ±100 8 12- 1 - w9 9 5Y4/1 I 13- <-\ \~J 1! 14- <1 : 5Y5/2 ii :&>. w10 10 1 15- v> - r^. I 5Y5/2 J ; 16- w 11 i •'V> vv11 >^~N ] ii - l i 17- <1 i '•'•'.'v^-. • .-' - w 12 5Y4/2 <1 I 18- ••Vl/; :•'.'. •• vv12 i /•"v V^ i 19- w 13 5Y4/1 vv13 - ^ ^s- . ! 20—' ^L NUMBER 37 105 APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S42 II LU h- SAMPLES CO < co t co o CO LU ^- — UJ -7 x > _j LU -Z. LU X= > r- o ZD EOLOGI C A G ITHOLOG Y IEL D (EVAPORITES ) BENTHI C GH T MINERAL S UUCONITE / ASTROPOD S PONG E SPIC U VERDIN E ADIOCARBO I lEPT H (MET E ABORATO R CARBO N 1 4 EAV Y MINERAL S IICA S YPSU M ELECYPOD S HEL L FRAGMENT S DRAMINIFER A STRACODES ITHI C FRAG M LAN T FRAGM E GGREGAT E RYOZOAN S X E OXIDE S HARDNES S COLO R (RELATIV E % i o x LJ -J LL J U cho- TEXTUR E _I:ESO O CLCOOLL O co _ 1 Q_ < CO LL 20- rS w14 14 5Y4/1 7410 35 D 5Y2/1 1.2 — HOL . I ±100 21- 15 i ll I ! ~r rr, '§ 1 1 22- w 16 5Y4/1 ! vv 1 1 15 11 1 S~\ 8290 1 1 23- — — -r>r 35 T » ±120 A 5Y3/1 • i 1 i II 17 1.4 spl | i i 6730 18 B 5Y3/2 - 24- ys. w16 •Sri" ±150 II » ss 25- 19 5Y3/2 ; w s~\ w17 /T"\ 26- y-\ 5Y4/1 - - -. '-'w 20 • 5YR3/4 27- vw18 1 1 7860 28- C /-~N w 21 5Y4/1 ±90 vw z 19 I UJ 29- • v_y 0 5Y6/1 w 22 10YR4/2 0 30- vv20 h - '.••'. •.•/'iv ••.•'• 31- if) w 23 5Y4/1 LLJ :'-\L/ ••' '.••'• 21 J 32- •'• •'.-': O '. '••• 1 w 24 5Y5/1 33- vv22 1 J 1 34- '/-S.; •.'.';'.:•:' 5Y5/1 Wvw 23 25 1 35- :':••;. i-.o:;,- I W 26 5Y5/1 36- 24 37- /N w 27 5Y5/2 vv25 i 1 38- 1 1 \_y - 5Y5/2 W /"> 28 5YR3/4 39- vv26 m _ • : • ••V-' •'•':'• /"TV I 40 ^ 106 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES APPENDDC1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S42 SAMPLES CO < CO CO CO CO LU o X > co S3 CO O z °C -. LU < 3 ^ < o CO X ft o q CO — rA CO CO UJ jjj 51 UJ CO o CD LU yj CO UJ o CC o o 2 CO cc 9 ^ Q u_ Q £ CO o UJ > X UJ < o I ^ P S Q z^ o CO X < i X 0| 2a. >: 9b ^^ O O o Q o o fez o LU U_ UJ M _l O => o O 2i— ^ X o _i 1 X 47- 48- 49- 50- 51- 52- 53- 54- 55- 56- 57- 58- 59- 60^ NUMBER 37 107 APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S43 I LU SAMPLES C/J co a CO 1— CO x >- co 53 w| ^ * z LU ii LU UJ DC ^ LU -—• —' u - • :!>:'•'•••: w. 1 1- 7- ^~\ . w 2 3- •'•'.'.sl--': 2 :.y~s •'-'. 1 4620 4- ±130 E I =1 5- UJ 3 . • — — \iV - J Z 6- UJ \s_f~z* S^ II 35 M I 1 4 ' 1 0 5610 7- m 1 1 +110 _ _ _ _ _ f_ { { v=5 M 0 ••vi'.y^: 36 1 j 8- III ? ? ? \=M 1 ! 1 1 1 5 0 .— — IV 6 1 I 9- - 111 w 7 10- 3 1 1 11- :.0-l'':l:[ w4 8 12— V 37 13- 6970 9 . 1 11 ±110 VI 14- ^"-^" 10 A [\ 11 'l f UJ w„ 11 z 15- UJ - w6 1? 1 0 16- - 0J_ S 1/- V~"\ w 13 7 ! 1 I 18- LU .'N.'.VN., VII "f4 » » J -15 19- •^ :• :.-E13 • 1 16 w8 LJ J 20- LLLI LL 108 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES APPENDCC 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S43 II SAMPLES CO co < CO LU X > CO _^ LU co O o cc -. < z >- o 2 o o LU X CD O o O CO fez MINER A cc ONIT E / _l X NES S MINERA L EGAT E MINIFE R G E SPIC I C NODU L ROPOD S o ACODE S C FRAG f r FRAG M D1V I < O o Q UJ s2 2 o o ZD X X X X _l *8 LU DC ZD< o CC X LU AS T PO N LAN " ST R ITH I Q UJ r- > >- %z\*±. GG R ALC I HAR D MICA S (RELATIV E % ) LIGH T O COL O GLAU C TEXTUR E O g2 HEAV Y Q_ oLL CO _i Q- o < co o o o < o o X 35 20- U 17 5Y4/1 21- 5Y4/1 22- W1,0 18 23- 5Y5/2 24- 5Y4/1 3.5 25- 5Y6/1 5Y7/2 5Y5/2 26 w 23 5Y5/2 27H 28 5Y5/2 w1 4 24 29- '. l.\~/.: 5Y5/2 w1 5 30- 25 26 31- 5Y5/2 w1 6 32- w1,7 27 5Y5/2 33- 34 5Y5/2 w1 8 28 35 H 29 5Y5/2 36 w 37- 30 5Y5/2 w2 0 38- 5Y5/2 39- w. 31 40-^ NUMBER 37 109 APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S43 LU EPT H (METERS ) ICA S (EVAPORITES ) lATOM S IEL D > TRUCTUR E EOLOGI C AG E ITHOLOG Y OLO R ARDNES S GH T MINERAL S LAUCONIT E / ASTROPOD S LAN T FRAGMENT S ITHI C FRAGMENT S ALCI C NODULE S ADIOCARBO N DA T •ARBO N 1 4 c o VERDIN E HEL L FRAGMENT S DRAMINIFER A STRACODE S GGREGAT E ABORATOR Y ? EAV Y MINERAL S YRIT E YPSU M PONG E SPICULE S _i (RELATIV E % ) CD X o X _l o CO o X TEXTUR E _iX^O o_C3 COOLL O CO —I Q_ < Q O 40- "fc-i UJ r-y - W 32 5Y3/2 z v-^ "22 1 UJ 41 — IH 0 w 33 5Y3/2 42- vv 0 23 | 1 43- I 01 M ~~ LU 44- J 1 45- J 46- 47- 48- 49- 50- 51- 52- 53- 54- 55- 56- 57- 58- 59- 60- 110 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S44 I LU 1— < SAMPLES CO CO CO Q CO LU Z X > CO < X FR A O^ n ( ~t X LU z OCARB O OO UJ o LOGI C A G OLOG Y O =>< o DNES S IBO N 1 4 UCTUR E T H (MET E ORATO R CO < o o CC o i _l < ZDCC != X o RA M X XTU R _L Q CD u- X LEC Y ZL J A VY M () rr ELAT I ,HTM I o LU LU 1— LU i- rr Q_ 1— o IA T < O < C^> LU %z uj- LU ( ) CO 3 10YR2/2 1- 5Y4/1 ! 2570 5Y2/1 2- ± 70 <1 3- 5Y2/1 ?? 5Y3/2 I 4- p ? ? <1 3980 ± 80 5Y3/2 y i. •..' • •' 5- 5Y2/1 IV <1 : 6- •,-:'s^. ,; 5Y3/2 3260 ± 90 5Y3/1 7- V <1 8- VI 5Y2/1 <1 ? ? 9- ? 6370 VII 5Y2/1 <1 10- ? ? ±180 11- 12- 13- INSUF 14 N, 5Y5/2 N. VIII 15600 10YR4/2 ±290 15 5Y4/1 16- w1 II 17- w. 10 10YR4/2 18- 19- w. 11 10YR4/2 20^ NUMBER 37 111 APPENDIX 1 — Continued. CORE NUMBER S44 II LU INER A O NERA L UJ > NITE / fez ORI ' RA G x o X o IN E 5Q. 11 Si CJ LU OLOG Y g LOGI C A O 1 lOCARB O T H (ME UCTUR E DNES S TU R LAT I VY M —>< Q X X O ft _l LL 1— 1 o (> LtJ 5 X o rr LU Q-Uco>J LU LU THI C FRA GH T M l PONG E SP K LU UJ fii uJ rr lATOM S o^ STRACODE * LAN T FRA G 1— i- o \zi C£ < J> X UJ O GGREGAT E rr Q < < co < _j C/J _i CD _i X o LzcU Z> o Q>-- >==O - Q- LL o o_ o _j o X < 20- 21- 22- 23- 24- 25- 26- 27- 28- 29- 30- 31- 32 33 H 34 35 36 37- 38- 39- 40 112 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S45 LU SAMPLES co < co o EOLOGI C AG E ICA S THI C FRAGM E EPT H (METER ; ARBO N 1 4 PONG E SPICUL IEL D TRUCTUR E GH T MINERAL S LAUCONITE / ADIOCARBO N OLO R ARDNES S lATOM S ITHOLOG Y EXTUR E VERDIN E YRIT E HEL L FRAGMEN 1 ELECYPOD S ASTROPOD S STRACODE S LAN T FRAGMEN " GGREGAT E ALCI C NODULE S ABORATOR Y RELATIV E % ) EAV Y MINERAL S DRAMINIFER A o X O -1 IL JU CO O Xi—!=-_ixSO o_ u_ co o_ o o CO _ i a. < O Q o- 1- S^±yz\ 10YR4/1 2— 1 .3 5Y4/1 3- ! I 13 5Y4/1 4- Wi LU - Z 5- 14 5Y4/1 1 HI - w? 6- 2 7------II 5Y2/1 1 ! 1 1I ! — r~s — . . OLO C 8- 1 H- 7. 1 — .. /^. III 3 I -\^>- - - — 5Y2/1 1 ! 9- f ! 5Y4/1 10- w3 15 1 11- L-— 5Y2/1 ------1 IV 4 | 1 V I 5Y2/1 El 12- — — — — :=M 1 I ! .... 7100 _ .^_ I I ±160 V A 5Y2/1 1 ! 1 1 13- K^ LU INSUF B_ 5Y4/1 z 14- .•;'.'!••'. ••'/S''• w4 16 1 - LU .••'.V_y-. •''. 1 1 0 15- • •".-•'•'• ^/.' 0 - 17 16- '.•••.?">•.:•.••• h w5 5Y4/1 00 rs ! 17- 18 LiJ J rs- w6 1 Q. \S 24320 VI 5 10YR5/4 4.5 I l 1 J c o VII 6 C 10YR4/2 4.5 +1080 10YR2/2 - -'-••"-•-•'-• VIII 10YR4/2 IX 7 10YR4/2 20—' v »— —^ W •- -<• "^ -• NUMBER 37 113 APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S45 II LU SAMPLES CO CO CO ofe CO UJ ^ I— LU CO UJ NT S CO _3 CO ^ _l lENT S 111 ^ z x >- LU O LU X , ,, -i 3* Ml LU ZD z> ^J => ITHOLOG Y IEL D ICA S (EVAPORIT I GH T MINER A PONG E SPI C ABORATO I LAUCONIT E / ASTROPOD S lEPT H (ME T IARBO N 1 4 TRUCTUR E VERDIN E /RIT E VPSU M HEL L FRAG M ELECYPOD S STRACODE S ITHI C FRA G LAN T FRAG M ALCI C NOD U E OXID NO D iEOLOGI C A (ADIOCARB O EAV Y MINER ; GGREGAT E HARDNES S COLO R (RELATIV E % o DC LJ —I LL J U CO TEXTUR E -J X 2 o Q_ O co o_ o o CO _J D_ < O LL 20- ,^__^ „ 10YR2/2 IX 21- 9 )")'-) 5YR3/2 -_-o_-_ 10YR2/2 3.5 T LU 22- 10 z o~-_ X ¥ --HJ--- LU 23- a 0 O- 11 10YR2/2 1 1 -arsi-o- - XI 5YR2/1 2.8 0 29000 24- 12 - - £J- D i h ±1380 N1 1 i 1 • — — /-N - 0 25- —K^> — — 5Y4/1 Hi w7 19 I I f J 26- _/^\ _ _ — -\_y>- — i 20 _ _ _ _ w8 5Y4/1 27- — s~\- — J _w _ _ 28- _ _/^N _ 21 5Y4/1 w9 29— — -\_y - _ 31- 32- 33- 34- 35- 36- 37- 38- 39- 40-^ 114 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S46 LU CO CO < SAMPLES I- CO z Q LU o X > CO LU O O LU cc -. UJ UJ => z h- LU X CO CO O o < o LU > o 2 X CO u- Q < o DO CD rA LU LU O X < CO o X 6 5 Q_ O I- CO IN tr -r O x O X X < co Q o O X Sa. u_ < X UJ rr ^ — GESP I co OQ _ X ACOD E O o o I- fez ZD O Z ^h 2 *L o O _J CC X < X)X X cO> —I < rr X i— o X _l >< QJ £ < O 10YR3/2 2.5 2.5 : ~. IN. 10YR3/2 •N- - N 10YR3/2 2.5 \w/.>S-.-.- '• '••'. -.O.' w< 5Y4/1 w L—U ' 0.5 20 _"J^?=L' O IV 5Y3/2 o —^^ — — T 0.5 V 5Y3/2 • • 0.5 7130 ± 80 VI 5Y3/2 N N VII 5Y3/2 6620 0.5 ± 70 w. 14 5Y5/2 co 12940 LU ±240 N *s VIII 5GY4/1 2" w. 18 5Y4/1 K^>. O- .'• •'• 19 5Y4/1 sS w, •O'- r~\ wc 20 5Y4/1 INSUF 21 IX 22 h 5Y5/4 23 w£ 24 5Y4/1 NUMBER 37 115 APPENDIX 1 .—Continued. CORE NUMBER S46 II LU h<- SAMPLES CO Q CO X > CO CD z CC _ < < O < < CO X CO O O CD X O LU CO < o Q O CC o o ^ w in X < z^ ox O t Q CO X cc 22- N.; Wc 26 5Y4/1 23- 5Y4/1 wc 27 24- .^^ 1-1 :'N 25- w, 28 10YR4/2 :Nl^' 26 10YR4/2 w„ 29 27- 28- w 30 10YR4/2 vvi; 29 N. 31 10YR4/2 30- N- u 31- w 32 10YR4/2 vv1. 32- w, 33 10YR4/2 33- 34 w. 34 10YR4/2 35 35 10YR4/2 36- w17 37- w 36 10YR4/2 VV1I 38 w, 37 10YR4/2 39- 10YR4/2 40-^ 116 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S46 LU SAMPLES > cc ^. 40—1 LU .•'.vo'-:.'.--. •• w 38 10YR4/2 Z 20 41- ." •. /^.'..* •• LU 0 42- w21 49 10YR4/2 : I 0 h 43- 00 • •'.'. •• S^. • •'-'•'/rv: '.'.'•' 40 10YR4/2 w22 LU 44- :'".'.\Jf'.'' J : •• 0/; •'••'• 1 45- /•^ ^3 41 10YR4/2 v_y J 46- 47- 48- 49- 50- 51- 52- 53- 54- 55- 56- 57- 58- 59- 60- NUMBER 37 117 APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S47 I CO < _ SAMPLES Q co LU z cr >• CO ^ o cc ^. LU UJ < < O UJ CO O O 00 LU o 2 CO < 2 H- ^ £ x CT LU o x LU QI < CO CO uj£ I- X ° R )< LAN T X y << o < O CO C H M — fcr O co X > < Ox* ^ — co> —i H- LL APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S47 II LU C O EOLOGI C AG E THI C FRAGMENT S EPT H (METERS ) ARBO N 1 4 c o (EVAPORITES ) TRUCTUR E ASTROPOD S ADIOCARBO N DA T ITHOLOG Y IEL D > OLO R PONG E SPICULE S VERDIN E lATOM S YPSU M HEL L FRAGMENT S DRAMINIFER A STRACODE S LAN T FRAGMENT S ABORATOR Y ? GGREGAT E ALCI C NODUL E MICA S HARDNES S (RELATIV E % ) LIGH T MINERAL S GLAUCONITE / DVDIT C o X o _i u_ _i o co o TEXTUR E HEAV Y MINERAL S L O CO O LL O CO _| Q_ < Q O 20—1 —. 0 - _____~_" 16 hzztt J 91 0.8 0 XIII frrggg I -rs- -VJ/- 17 10Y4/2 1.5 22- • • • • • - XIV 46 A 5 • 23- 18 10Y4/2 /TS 5Y3/2 74- XV 19 4.5 < • 20 10Y4/2 m •m -•-..r 25- N XV "''**"" N N- 21 ::"£.•#*£; 10Y4/2 ~m~ m XV 26- — m— — 4.5 l'lm 1 II 22 -m ----' XV 27- ~ -m--> III : •* -:> 4.5 -m ^ - 23 m XIX 28- m 24 10Y4/2 LU XX 45 10Y4/2 1 29- .m 2b 1 m LU XX 26 4.5 30- ~~~L ml XX N3 0 5YR5/3 5 -N: ~N: II 27 1 0 -<£>--• 1 31- >/:p"5»viJj I h - N~ - XX 5Y3/2 (/) - III 28 1 32- "AT-"*- LU XX 5Y3/2 J -_-~Clb_ IV 1 33- 29 • - -~N-~- XX 5Y3/2 5 J 34- N" V 30 JV_-_-_- XX 35- -6> -N- VI 31 **•••':-':•.'•:•> XX 38 _cS?~-~ 5YR3/5 36- VII 33 1 ~N •_-_-_ - - - -NI XX 1 5YR3/2 5 26820 37- VIII 1 ±1340 34 E 5GY4/1 1 'AN '•.'•'-'.'.' 38- w5 35 5Y5/4 ;.•:;••.'•:- .'•'.. ;'".V~s 39- -^ W 36 5Y5/4 '•'.•'.•"•- r~\ 6 •r*\. . 40 -J ^ Js. NUMBER 37 119 APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER $47 LU r- SAMPLES CO < CO co z O X CO UJ LU o z cc - LU sO CO (1 < o o CD 5 r- ITH I Si t LU r- o < o <;UJ OC Q-LU LU CO X C/) n b 3 o o < O _i co o H £ LI G ^ O Q- O CO O O CO _i < Q LU LU X _5S X o O 40- 37 LU W7 5Y5/4 ^i^ii Z 41- LU ':••'•'•:••':: 38 5Y5/4 0 42- w8 0 h 43- 00 LU 44- J 1 45- J 46- 47- 48- 49- 50- 51- 52- 53- 54- 55- 56- 57- 58~ 59- 60^ 120 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S48 I LU 1- CO < SAMPLES O CO LU z X > CO CO < cc -. LU >5 < < CO X CO Ol d LU O LU o 2 rr Q UJ < o O <• Z^U O < (— CO (MET E INE R GI C A G OG Y ES S CL X TU R yiiN E CO _i fez Ql ... SX LL O LL O X X OI D O :> GE S ACO C CF R o OCARB O O LT O z >• co OQ UJ -^ X LU :> i— 3 O i— X X _J X X O O °u o < 3X X cO> -J I— X o z LU o O _i (RELATIVE < LIG H CO L LL JO TEXTUR E CO O X O LU X O CO O LL _i Q_ CD< CJ LU X o o NUMBER 37 121 APPENDIX 1 .—Continued. CORE NUMBER S48 II LU C O ITHOLOG Y (EVAPORITES ) PONG E SPICULE S lATOM S OLO R ARDNES S LAN T FRAGMENT S iEOLOGI C AG E [ADIOCARBO N DA T )EPT H (METERS ) TRUCTUR E STRACODE S ITHI C FRAGMENT S GGREGAT E ALCI C NODULE S VERDIN E FIEL D > CARBO N 1 4 c o LABORATOR Y ? MICA S LJ (RELATIV E % ) PYRIT E GASTROPOD S i LIGH T MINERAL S SHEL L FRAGMENT S TEXTUR E GLAUCONITE / FORAMINIFER A HEAV Y MINERAL S o LL CO o x GYPSU M O CO _l Q_ < Q O 20—1 21- • CVN w7 16 5Y5/2 A - XN 22- :<*<5, I1 ••'••N;-.-;T- 1 i6):.B W8 17 5Y5/2 23- 24- W 18 5Y5/2 9 i • 25- 19 5Y5/2 26- w10 27- LU w 20 5Y5/2 Z vv11 • LU 28- 0 w1? 21 5Y5/2 0 29- 12 h 30- CO w 22 5Y5/2 vv13 LU 31- J 1 w 23 5Y5/2 32- 14 J - 33- w 24 5Y5/2 vv15 i I • 34- w 25 5Y5/2 35- vv16 36- - w 26 5Y5/2 vv 37- 17 38- w 27 5Y5/2 vv18 39- - w 28 5Y5/2 vw 40^ 19"~ — 122 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S48 < SAMPLES O CO CO z X > CO LU CD O LU cc ^. < < CD o 2 O O CO CO x E o Q o X O CO LU Q r$ INER / NER A LU > MITE / < LU O CO X X < CD O CO o O o fe^ o X o o LU U_ z> _l z co o < o z TU R o 3 VY M cc O LAT I X X cO> —l H- o CL. o Q < 3 < X o o LU I— o O LU CD £ X X X LU APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S49 I < SAMPLES CO o CO CO X z LU LU o cc ^. LU < -:i ^ 1 < o LU < CO CO O -S m DC LU n X CO LU ^> X —) ERA L g x o o 2 3 CO E% ) o < UJ z> zUJ o o h- z o O _J o fez O X REGAT E 3 T E NGESP I INOID S AMINIF E OM S L FRA G TROPO D M T FRA G DI C NO D _i o TU R RACOD E LAT I VY M _l I T M l %Hcc o o X X "HI C FRA < o LU CD 5 o X LU < rr i— LU CO rr i— c > o J_ i LU < X h- _J < o II i o^cu APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S49 II LU C O BENTHI C (EVAPORITES ) PONG E SPICULE S EOLOGI C AG E EPT H (METERS ) ASTROPOD S LAUCONITE / LAN T FRAGMENT S TRUCTUR E STRACODE S IEL D > OLO R ARDNES S VERDIN E HEL L FRAGMENT S ITHI C FRAGMENTS ADIOCARBO N DA T ITHOLOG Y ARBO N 1 4 c o EAV Y MINERAL S IICA S YRIT E YPSU M DRAMINIFER A GGREGAT E CHINOID S ALCI C NODULE S ABORATOR Y ? (RELATIV E % ) LIGH T MINERAL S o X o -I X _J o CO o X TEXTUR E i s o o_o COOLL OCO_I CL < LU O 20 1 l/ry^Z^'. —- - w 16 5Y3/2 ••'•'.'. •• Is •• 8 21- i 22- w9 17 5Y3/2 • I 1 23- N>. ''.'•.. 5Y3/2 w10 18 24- '.•'.-•'•'• yi. •••' • o'.".: ••":•' Wn 19 5Y3/2 25- 1 1 • ;l:: Rl _ 32- w 27 10YR4/2 vv J 33- 17 1 34- ill'-: N-. w 28 10YR4/2 1 1 1 • •: f*< •; • • ••vv 18 v_y 35- - w1Q 29 10YR4/2 36- 19 37- w 30 10YR4/2 1 1 vv20 38- w 31 10YR4/2 39- 21 40 ^ NUMBER 37 125 APPENDLX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S49 CO SAMPLES < CO o X > CO o z < < LU < o X CO UJ «? o Q o CD x X UJ LU < CO O RA G o SPI C 3 CO AT E o cc UJ£ o Z^ O Q O 1- LU ^x IU LL LL o < X O O X LoU O _i z 3^ > CO 3< 1— o O O UJ 3 O Sec 41 42 43 44H 45 46-| 47- 48H 49 50 51- 52- 53- 54 55 56- 57- 58 59- 60^ 126 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S50 I LU APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S50 II LU s SAMPLES CO CO LU Q z x >• CO o cc -. < o < CO O < >• CO cc o LU CD o ? X CO °^ cr Q LU D_ (1 o LU LU X r- CC < CO X O 3 CO O U= Q CO X 1— UJ > z 21- 22- 23 7950 ±90 24 25 H 11040 + 330 26 27- 28- 29- 30- 31 32 33- 34- 35 36- 37- 38- 39 40 128 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S50 III LU h- CO < SAM PL: CO Q CO co z LU Z X > CO UJ LU CD O cc -. < 3 2 < CD X > LU o o 2 OQ O O < < CO O 51 X o % UJ rl ^ OCA R BO N < LOGI C OLO G F H (MET E o ORA T X CO X X X _i O o X CD CC LU LU LU VERDIN E HEL L FRAGM E < \—_i (RELATIV E % ) X X _J O CO O X TEXTUR E i X Q_ CO QCQ < o o z> o o o o o LU Q CL X co —i LU 40- W 31 5Y4/2 Z vv13 41- LU 0 42- 0 h 43- 00 LU 44- J 0. 45- J 46- 47- 48- 49- 50- 51- 52- 53- 54- 55- 56- 57- 58- 59- 60 -I NUMBER 37 129 APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S51 I SAMPLES CO < CO CO o X > CO o cc ^. < < z cc CO o rn ^ o LU O 2 co X co tr o CD o £ x g CO Q LU FRA < CD CC o SQ ESP I GAT E )ID S O < _l x O o x °il ... - u- o y=0 Q FRA G Q CO i— o CD o CD 3 < 3X X CO> —I DaL Zy O z o O HI C GR E HIN C o X X X [j] 3^z < ON G < -l gLt _i o li-~Nl 2- 5YR3/4 3.5 ~-~N_-~- 3- 5YR3/2 2.5 4- -~N-K-' ? ? ? 0.5 5- IV , , 5Y3/2 3800 N1 0.5 ± 60 6- 5Y3/2 I I 5Y3/2 1.5 7- -_-_-_-. V i 8- 5930 5Y3/2 ±130 VI 1.5 9- 5Y3/2 VII •fs-S-xz 10- r 11- o_ :o 6580 VIII 5Y3/2 ±110 12- ;-'.v"3?r 13- 5Y3/2 14- W, 15- W, 10 5Y3/2 16- 17- w. 11 5Y3/2 18- 5Y3/2 19- w, 12 20^ 130 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES APPENDLX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S51 II SAMPLES CO CO < co LU O x > CO CD z cc ^. < LU < X < o rn o > o 2 co CO X rn z> O CD o co Q LU Lu X :LU x a O LJ= Q FRA ( o o ESP I GAT E < 2 o LU X i- := O cc FRA G )ID S o _l O o X z >- -_ .. _. ^_ QL Z^ O i— —J o _i 3 O o > Og ... 1>CL. LL O ==X O z GR E HIN C CD CC ON G o X X zc <; HE R O UJ < co OQ LU =)< _j cc 3\- < o _i CD LL ITHI C _J CI o X r- < U^L^ < 3X b= co> —i b <-^ x o i— LU < "^ co X O APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S51 < SAMPLES CO o CO LU z X > o o °c ,* < CD •5 o 2 CO o CC o CO LU CO SPICU L INERA L AT E NERAL S POD S I C NITE / I E ORITE S NIFER A DDE S RAGMEI ^ < UJ > 3AGMEI N Q o FRAGM E o O £z -s nt ZSCL. II C) o LU u_ o o X LU cc O o CO OLJ 3< _i X _l o T E NT H o AM I TU F o o to 3 LAT I IT M ^ 3X rr o X O o X «-r coQ-LL>^ LU C/i—J LTLU h- CD X X m uJ O 3LU X 00 zo < CD ITHI C o r- _l < < T O CO n 3 CO o LU X & is o X _i zc Q_ O CO O< LL O CO _i D_ 41 42- 43- 44- 45- 46- 47- 48- 49- 50- 51 52H 53 54 55- 56- 57 58H 59 60^ 132 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S52 I CO < SAMPLES Q CO o Z X < < o s5 < < X co O O O 2 X X O LU CL < o o CD o $ UJ S CO Q APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S52 II SAMPLES CO CO CO DAT E CO I— NT S I— oLU < o o co u3 o LU Q 3 X CD O THI C FRAGM E EPT H (METE R ICA S BENTHI C ADIOCARBO N ITHOLOG Y IEL D TRUCTUR E lATOM S PONG E SPICU L OLO R GH T MINERAL S LAUCONITE / LAN T FRAGME N ARDNES S EAV Y MINERAL S VERDIN E YRIT E CHINOID S HEL L FRAGME N DRAMINIFER A STRACODE S GGREGAT E O LU CARBO N 1 4 LABORATOR Y _J (RELATIV E % ) C/J _i Q_ o X CD LL CO o X TEXTUR E _i zc Z> CD Q_ LU CO CD LL o < 20-n 5Y3/2 w£ 15 21- 22- W- 16 5Y3/2 23- wc 17 5Y3/2 24- 25- 5Y3/2 wr 18 26- 5Y3/2 w1( 19 27- 28- 5Y3/2 wn 20 29- 21 5Y3/2 30- w1: 31- w 22 5Y3/2 32- 23 5Y3/2 33- w,. 34- w, 24 5Y3/2 35- 25 5Y3/2 36- w1( 37- 26 5Y3/2 w17 38- 27 5Y3/2 39- w1( 40-^ 134 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S52 SAMPLES CO CO DAT E CO CO —| NT S 1— LU z X > CO CO z LU LU z EOLOGI C A EPT H (MET E ARBO N 1 4 ICA S THI C FRAG M ADIOCARB O IEL D TRUCTUR E ITHOLOG Y OLO R ARDNES S GH T MINERA L LAUCONIT E / lATOM S VERDIN E CHINOID S HEL L FRAGM E DRAMINIFER A STRACODE S LAN T FRAGM E ABORATO R EAV Y MINER A YRIT E PONG E SPIC U GGREGAT E ODULE S E OXIDE S (RELATIV E % ) o X CD _i X _l o CO o _L TEXTUR E _i X s o Q_ LU CO CD LL o CO _i CL < z u_ UJ 40- l—-i—r ' ^—g g- -. . -_ ..— W 28 5Y3/2 : z yv19 /ii I I ' I I i • LU 0 • ' .i 0 42- h 43- 00 LU J 44- 1 45- J 46- 47- 48- 49- 50- 51- 52- 53- 54- 55- 56- 57- 58- 59- 60^ NUMBER 37 135 APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S53 CO < SAMPLES o. CO LU z X >• CO o LU < < o CC ->. UJ co o o CD O 2 X CO < 2 o X UJ K. < o UJ Q g X > X < 3 CO UJ > < Q co x o < o Sz cc CO § uj LL X < 9 O o O o Z o cc z Q LU Z>CL O ,« _J cc O 3 CD »- ^ 2 X X O < < o o g X o_J 3< i— X LU co o O o Q o to rr rr X Qj 3: ^ *? LU cr co> < foi U= UJ — LU h- O UJ X > >- CO CL b < O X x _j O CO X< Q-LU o O co _i Q_ o X o o [2 £2 CL. O Q S O CD X APPENDDC1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S53 II LU SAMPLES > O ? LT O o o to -1 m cc (EVAPORITES ) PONG E SPICULE S EOLOGI C AG E EPT H (METERS ) lATOM S XIDE S LAUCONIT E / LAN T FRAGMENT S TRUCTUR E STRACODE S ARDNES S VERDIN E ITHI C FRAGMENT S ADIOCARBO N DA T ITHOLOG Y OLO R EAV Y MINERAL S YRIT E YPSU M HEL L FRAGMENT S GGREGAT E ALCI C NODULE S ^ < < IICA S DRAMINIFER A _i (RELATIV E % ) LIGH T MINERAL S 1 CL o X Q x _3 O CO o X TEXTUR E ZC S O CLO COQLL O co _ < o O 20- w4 14 UJ 21- z 22- W 1 1 UJ 5 15 1 0 23- 0_ L - W 6 16 24- EI S 25- J w7 17 1 1 , 26- J w8 18 27- 28- 29- 30- 31- 32- 33- 34- 35- 36- 37- I C O c o 40^ NUMBER 37 137 APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S54 LU CT U NE S MIN E o AAV 3 z 01 0 X LU BO N LOGI C OLO G X TH(M I o DRA T ^z J5 2 o < o h- O _l az X OJ O Q X X m cc So h- X z O h- °^ 1,1 - u- t— O TR U az LU LU LU AR D 1- 14 5YR3/2 2- C^-'N 3 5YR3/2 4- 5YR3/2 U-^-N- 5Y3/2 3080 5- ± 70 IV 6- 5Y3/2 I 5Y3/2 V ?'?• 7- N2 N1 8 WMk N1 '/fftfftttt VI 9 5990 - N1 ±100 VII 10- 12310 10GY5/2 fcfc 120 I I . VIII 5G5/2 11 5Y5/6 12H w. 11 13 14- 22820 IX 5Y4/2 ± 770 -N 15- .m.'N. UJ X 5Y4/2 16- 5 ! 17 w. 18- w. 13 19- 20^ 138 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S55 SAMPLES > cc ^ O S fez S o THOLOG Y THI C FRAGMENT S ICA S BENTHI C (EVAPORITES ) EOLOGI C AG E EPT H (METERS ) PONG E SPICULE S GH T MINERAL S LAUCONIT E / TRUCTUR E ARDNES S HEL L WHOL E LAN T FRAGMENT S OLO R VERDIN E HEL L FRAGMENT S STRACODE S ADIOCARBO N DAT E EAV Y MINERAL S YPSU M GGREGAT E CHINOID S ODULE S O 0 CD YRIT E DRAMINIFER A _i (RELATIV E % ) C/J _i CL o X o -XJ m_i occ CO o X TEXTUR E _i X s o Q_ o CO co LL o < LU z yj < < N : --:-N 10YR2/2 r.Ni~i >5 'I TV 10YR2/2 N >5 I I W. 2420 16 ±110 10YR4/2 0.5 5Y3/2 0.5 3400 IV < < Mi N2 ±100 18 11X2 5Y3/2 0.5 I I 1 I 4170 V ± 90 N1 5Y3/2 1 2.8 9- 10YR4/2 -^~N: VI 10YR5/4 3.5 14120 10GY4/2 N VII 3 ±160 10- •&.N.. 10YR5/2 II'. 11 w. 10 LU Z 12 LU w. 11 0 13 0 14 h w, 12 00 15 ii] J 16 wc 13 1 17- wc 14 18- 19- W-, 15 20 NUMBER 37 139 APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S56 LU _ SAMPLES co £ co x >- co"75 co _j LU z i § li i 9 j |1 L iis|>8ii!g! 1 | 3il § § ill H Ji-lll|Iill|l*ls EOLOGI C AG E ADIOCARBO N DA T °- E mCQCCu: ^CCxrTj^:<^ u 1 I 5Y3/4 2 1- 5Y7/2 : 16 4 10YR4/2 1 Sfo-II Pk ^I _C^5_ _ 1 .'II 2- 3 5Y7/2 N^= Ul 3- z w1 4 5Y3/2 I • 1 UJ 4- 0 1.5 1 0 5- III 17 5Y5/2 1 5 m J 6- .CSsi 1 6 0 ii;;}0. w2 1 7- I w3 7 1 • 18 11 8— 5Y5/2 1 IV 1490 19 A .... .00:; 8 5Y3/2 ± 80 9- 1 1 ' 1 • - 1 1 w4 9 I 10- 1 11 — 10 LU w5 I Z 12- 1 LU w 11 I 0 13- 6 l 0 I h 14- 00 w7 12 • LU 15- 1 1 _ 13 1 1 16- w8 1 J 1 1/- 14 W9 5Y3/2 1 18— I 1 19- w10 | 1 20- II 140 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S57 SAMPLES CO < CO Q X >- CO ^ o Z LU CO cc ^. < -. LU UJ < Q < O < X CO CO UJ s= § O Q o o CO X X X X fez LU > Z b: x ^ CO O FRA C o INIF E o ESP K FRA G GAT E :ODE { O o < _l cc O o X X r- == lz O x • • > • VI N2 0.5 10— in i II iTYi 7 N1 1 5Y3/2 11- W-VII 21 N2 0.5 8 N1 1 1 1 1 1 6310 12- B .... ± 90 §i VIII 22 13- ~N 1 ' 1 9 10GY3/2 1 13630 5 IU C 10GY5/2 ± 100 5 14- .\czS ^~ IX 5Y5/2 I ! Z 10 •**C •'".'• LU 15- 0 11 0 v;..:c7);:.; w, h 16- 00 17- LU w2 12 J MM i 18- .v^ .... • • .••CtjV; ;••;•';• 19- 13 J w3 • 1 i 20^ JMBER 37 141 APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S58I LU CO CO a i o h- SAMPLES r- < CO CO o CO z h- LU LU C/J z X CO S > LU z LU CD f\ LU < ID S T" < CC n * UJ CC LU X 0/3 in X —I LU y *• cc O O X 2CL z X Q LU OCARB ( s o OLOG Y LOGI C A I C FRA G T H (ME x>< OMS/E C REGAT E F E NOD U O NGESPI C X t ^ACODE S X X fe 2 o X O o X LU LU CC £?> =. < i— o J_ CD> :o: 10YR2/2 tyy w. C5 3020 1.5 ± 80 >v> 5Y3/2 0.6 --o---- 19 IV ?:?. 5Y3/2 3770 0.5 ± 80 5Y2/1 0.4 ---•a KK V 5Y3/2 ?;?:? 0.1 o- VI 5Y3/2 8 0.1 :?:?: 0.4 •-0. VII 5Y3/2 VIII 5Y3/2 0.1 4890 —/-N ± 80 -o- 0.1 -O" IX 5Y3/2 0.2 5Y4/1 5Y3/2 0.5 X -O-0 5Y4/1 0.7 5Y4/2 I • :-:o XI 5Y3/2 7500 0.5 ± 70 w. 5Y3/2 w< 15 5Y3/2 142 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S58 II CO CO < SAMPLES Q o CO LU z X > CO CO O LU cc ^. < -^ LU < < o h- cc CO >- LU b CD X o CD LU o ? CO o a UJ 190 1 < Q O CCVOO I r- CC CD o CO o X < LU£ zUJ o CL O — 0 22- 17 5Y3/2 0 w5 h 23- CO LU 24- J Q. 25- J 26- 27- 28- 29- 30- 31- 32- 33- 34- 35- 36- 37- 38- 1 ; i i 39- 1 ! ! 1 | 1 40^ j j NUMBER 37 143 APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S59 I LU C O EPT H (METERS ) EOLOGI C AG E ICA S lATOM S ADIOCARBO N DA T (EVAPORITES ) PONG E SPICULE S GH T MINERAL S ASTROPOD S LAUCONIT E / LAN T FRAGMENT S VERDIN E YRIT E YPSU M ELECYPOD S STRACODE S GGREGAT E CHINOID S EAV Y MINERAL S DRAMINIFER A E/C A NODULE S LITHOLOG Y STRUCTUR E FIEL D > CARBO N 1 4 c o LABORATOR Y ? HARDNES S COLO R (RELATIV E % ) o X LJ TEXTUR E j I 5C5 Q-O CLOLLOCOO CL n u 1 9 10YR4/2 w1 2 II 1- • • s~^ 2- w2 3 •'•'•• '-/TV '•:'. 3- 4 • w3 ••' • • '.•• v—/. 4- - w4 5 i 1! 5- 6- 6 w5 LU 7- " 7 Z w6 LU 8- 0 9- 1 0 w7 8 J 10- 0 9 I w8 11- _ _ 3140 A • ±100 ~~r~~ ~ 31 12- I 5Y3/2 1.5 10 13- • ' '•,/£ 2 5 I 1 II 5Y3/2 14- - - - - 32 #$% • 11 5Y7/2 1.3 I t ' 1 , i • .-.-.-..- | 15- III :\V::-.V.;R: 5Y3/2 1 5 _ _ _ _ _ •• ^ i j 12 1 16- -^-7-?T~. 1 ll .'....'.'. JZ:'- 5Y3/2 1.5 3560 IV 33 r • + 80 17- E ;:.v::;-.V5E 1 13 5Y7/2 T ~"*-~ V 14 5Y7/2 1.5 h 18- (f) - 15 5Y3/2 l LU 19- w9 l | • -J i J 20-^ " ~~ ^1 • 144 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES APPENDDC1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S59 II SAMPLES > occ ^2. fez X O Q o to ICA S lATOM S EOLOGI C AG E EPT H (METERS ) (EVAPORITES ) PONG E SPICULE S THI C FRAGMENT S ASTROPOD S TRUCTUR E GH T MINERAL S LAUCONIT E / -1 gLt ARDNES S ADIOCARBO N DAT E ITHOLOG Y OLO R VERDIN E ELECYPOD S STRACODE S LAN T FRAGMENT S EAV Y MINERAL S YRIT E YPSU M DRAMINIFER A CHINOID S E / C A NODULE S _i (RELATIV E % ) Q_ o X CD XU J <_i O< CO O X TEXTUR E _i zc ^ o CL O CL CD LL o C/J LJ _i LU LL NUMBER 37 145 APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S59 III LU < SAMPLES O CO co \L2 EOLOGI C AG E lATOM S ICA S ITHOLOG Y TRUCTUR E (EVAPORITES ) ADIOCARBO N ASTROPOD S LAN T FRAGME N OLO R ARDNES S GH T MINERAL S LAUCONIT E / VERDIN E YRIT E YPSU M DRAMINIFER A STRACODE S GGREGAT E CHINOID S lEPT H (METER : EAV Y MINERAL S ELECYPOD S PONG E SPICUL E/C A NODULE S FIEL D LABORATOR Y CARBO N 1 4 CD _i CO (RELATIV E % ) o X o X TEXTUR E Zi ZC ^ O Q-O CLOLL O CO O CL < LU LL 40- 30 LU V\2L3 Z 41- LU 0 0 42- h " 43- 0^m0 LU " J 44- 45- l_ . R 46- 47- 48- 49- 50- 51- 52- 53- 54- 55- 56- 57- 58- 59- 60^ 146 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S60 < SAMPLES CO CO CO o CO z X > CO o LU LU < LU o cc -. CO < < CO X O o CD >- o 2 X O LU Q o CC Q CL < o X £ O Q CO X < • 8 ,S X o o < o o cr CL O LU X < fez o CL o o _l cc O O X 21 LL > o ZD * i| co —O Q ,_ X>x b= co> —i X o X CD Q_ o re O rz < LU -i m CC _i X Qj O APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S60 II CO < SAMPLES CO UJ Q Z X > CO z O o cc ^. UJ UJ < < < CO CO co >- o 2 < X co O o CD w rr Q LU —n 20^ wr 16 5Y3/2 21- 22- 5Y3/2 w1 0 17 LU Z 23- LU w 18 5Y3/2 24 H 0 0 25 -| w 19 10Y4/2 h 00 26- LU % 13 20 J 1 27H 28- W 21 10Y4/2 •/TN; •• 29-j '.'•;V: ,/r<;'.- 10Y4/2 •w 22 I I 30- 31- 32- 33- 34H 35- 36^ 37- 38 -\ 39- 40- 148 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S61 I LU LU C O THI C FRAGMENT S (EVAPORITES ) VERDIN E LAN T FRAGMENT S ASTROPOD S GGREGAT E ARBONAT E PARTIC L LITHOLOG Y SPONG E SPICULE S STRUCTUR E DEPT H (METERS ) DIATOM S RADIOCARBO N DA T MICA S GEOLOGI C AG E CARBO N 1 4 c o HARDNES S (RELATIV E % ) PYRIT E FIEL D > LABORATOR Y ? SHEL L FRAGMENT S COLO R LIGH T MINERAL S GLAUCONIT E / TEXTUR E HEAV Y MINERAL S FORAMINIFER A _i OSTRACODE S GYPSU M CL < o O n u _ _ _ _ 1 5 1 ft 1 • - .—-.— — -i 10YR2/2 o~~^ " H•1i iSn 1 I — 2 1 9 1T 2990 B IN ± 80 - \ 2- APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S61 II CO LU CO _J < SAMPLES CO o X I— o > CO ^ X o LU LU LU < z LU < CO O < < >- < X o CL O X CO X < o CO o cc CD o CO LU > X o X o O cr CO ^ o LL X < 5 5 ^X LL O o S o o X 21- 22 H 23 24H 25 26- 27- UJ z 28- UJ 0 29- 0 h 30 (I) ul 31- J 32- 0. 33- 34- 35- 36- 37- 38- 39- 40-^ 150 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S61 < SAMPLES o CO Q X I- o z LU X < o < X CO o co x o m o < Q LU o x Sz ZD CO < O h= < o \- X o X < o _J X UJ o cc O o CO o AMINIFER A TUR E RDIN E IT E L FRAGMENT S NG E SPICULE S RACODE S X LATIV E % ) UCONIT E / SU M o ZD X I T MINERAL S V Y MINERAL S VAPORITES ) Q S Q o O o to o X m CC lATOM S c > < _l < LL)X III _l> 1 CO n ITHI C FRAGMEN " o I— CO X -i gir \- X o_i X Q^_ >-^ C/J LJ L( L) CO _i < CO oc o X co o s o o o y < < o < < IL JU O O NUMBER 37 151 APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S62 LU C O EOLOGI C AG E (EVAPORITES ) TRUCTUR E LAN T FRAGMENT S ADIOCARBO N DA T GGREGAT E ITHI C FRAGMENT S E / C A NODULE S CHINOID S /DIATOM VERDIN E LITHOLOG Y SPfiNGFRPinil l F S DEPT H (METERS ) FIEL D > CARBO N 1 4 c o PYRIT E LABORATOR Y J S HARDNES S MICA S SHEL L FRAGMENT S GASTROPOD S (RELATIV E % ) COLO R LIGH T MINERAL S FORAMINIFER A OSTRACODE S > _l CL LL GLAUCONIT E / TEXTUR E HEAV Y MINERAL S o X CO GYPSU M 1 < U_ n • U 1 • V 1- 17 5Y2/1 2- -0--CD- 0.3 | a 1 1 -:-:o; 5Y5/2 / 3- _ _ _ _ 2 _ _ _ 5Y5/2 - - -~- 18 0.1 ' • I 4- II 5Y3/2 Ii TOM S — _ _ _ — .v_y_ _ _ 3 16- I-I-Z5- 11 • I i 1 17- X 5Y3/2 0.1 I > 7160 _ .•.•.•.&'•'•• 12 U ± 70 18- T. ; CO - 5Y4/1 • w1 13 LU 19- _J •;' --O ••.'.•••''. Q. - v_y J 20 152 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S62 II CO SAMPLES CO < CO o CO LU I— LU o X > CO < O z < < CO o < CC o (1 LU o >- o 2 X co X LU •: Q O LU X % < ~^ h- CD CD co UJ > LJ i-/-» X 20 21- 22 23 24 H 25- 26- 27- 28- 29- 30- 31 32- 33- 34- 35 36- 37- 38- 39- 40 NUMBER 37 153 APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S63 I CO < SAMPLES CO CO o X >• CO o LU < z LU < X CO o CT :> O ? X CO CC LU Q o o LU 1- w, 2 w. 3 4H w. 5- w, 6- 7- wc 8- w. 9- W- 10- 11- wc 12- 13- wf 10 14- w 11 VV1I 15- 16- 17 18H 6590 ±110 19 20^ 154 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES APPENDIX l.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S63 II L11U i I<— SAMPLES CO CO LU o X > CO CO o LU < < LU < z CC CO O O O O 2 CO o > LU X % < Q o CD CO X < CO o LU > X CD o X O x 2 fag LL O < o 5z X x rz o O o Q >- CO OQ _X LL o o O Lt O ZD o X ^5cc x =>co>< _l z cc < CC X LU alls X X CD o _l < O S ^Z3> o I O Q o to LL" X g 26- 27- 28- 29 H 30 -| 31- 32- 33 H 34- 35 H 36 37- 38 H 39- 40 .J NUMBER 37 155 APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S64 I CO AT E SAMPLES CD CO LU Z X >- CO ^ < O < ^ LU LU X < cc CO CO O < LU b| LU LU O X CO CD LU < cn Z) CO X Q LU > O O X h- Q_ o ^z O cc O LL o O X >- <£ OCARB O OLOG Y 11 co OQ LU zzx _i T H (MET E O o ^ Q ID" < =5X t= C0> -J X o X X X CD -C OXIDE S n UJ o -L- APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S64 II SAMPLES CO < CO LU O X CO ^ O > < z LU LU X CO o < LU < < CO LU o o W x Q o > o 2 X LU X < o CD ZD O O co < < o X o W LU yj £§ D_ X X LJ LU o O o < X LU rr > >- CD LL LU O Q o O OQ O x o cc ^ DDC X CO^O.> LL O X z X O CL. m < LU £ LT o z 5b O 22- w 18 5Y3/2 vv12 23- •"'.:<~v '".'".• w 19 5Y3/2 24- •I 1 .'/!<•} vv13 • • 'I*':-' '-•'..• .'• ^>>" '•':'.•' 25- 20 1 w14 5Y3/2 26- 21 UJ W.5 5Y3/2 z 27- LU 28- w 22 5Y3/2 0 vv16 0 29- h • w 23 5Y3/2 00 30- vv 17 UJ J 31- w 24 5Y3/2 • • Q. vv18 J 32 w 25 5Y3/2 33- vv19 • 34- w 26 5Y3/2 vv20 35- w 27 5Y3/2 36- "21 37- w 28 5Y3/2 vv22 38- 39- .'••,' '.!-vJ/.:-;] w 29 5Y3/2 vv23 :."0'.'.' • "'• 40 ^ NUMBER 37 157 APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S64 UJ h- CO < SAMPLES CD cn UJ z x >• CO O LU < < o LU < O O CD > o ? X o CC X CD 51 r% CO o o W LU ^ < < o ORI ' RA G O co cc X 9 co IN E < ONIT E O o o _l O X LU £ > u_ LU >a. < LU LL- o 2 o ZD co 09 -> 42- 43- 44- 45 46 47- 48- 49- 50- 51 52 53- 54- 55- 56- 57- 58- 59- 60^ 158 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S65 I C O (EVAPORITES ) VERDIN E SPONG E SPICULE S PLAN T FRAGMENT S LITHOLOG Y STRUCTUR E LITHI C FRAGMENT S DEPT H (METERS ) MICA S SHEL L WHOL E AGGREGAT E PYRIT E OTHE R RADIOCARBO N DAT E CARBO N 1 4 c o HARDNES S SHEL L FRAGMENT S FIEL D > LABORATOR Y ? (RELATIV E % ) LIGH T MINERAL S GLAUCONIT E / CU Y GEOLOGI C AG E COLO R HEAV Y MINERAL S FORAMINIFER A OSTRACODE S TEXTUR E GYPSU M u 1 i : ! I 5Y4/2 w1 2 1- 7- w2 3 3- w3 4 4- 5- 5 w4 1 6- w5 6 7- 8- 5Y3/2 w6 7 9- w7 8 1 1 10- 11- w8 9 HOLOCEN E 12- w9 10 13- 14- w10 11 15- Wn 12 1 16- 17- w12 13 18- w13 14 19- 20^ NUMBER 37 159 APPENDLX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S65 II LU <1— SAMPI CO O CO LU z X CO LU > O cc _ < LL ro O m z> O 2 X LU X x a O x FRA ( INIF E ESP I GAT E FRA G X O cc LU 3^ /\COD E i— X OCARB O O OLOG Y O LOGI C A co OQ _ T H (ME UCTUR E DNES S o o £ =>< _i <^L X z z X LU X X X o_l < ZDCC X co> _• _. o X T o o UJ UJ rr b_5 i— < O UJ I— m 5 r- C) O O <;LL1 X Q-LU LU LU rr CO CL 1— _i 1— LA Y < _i CO < n C/J _l LL o O X o X 35 O X X LU IS O CL o CO CO LL O <£ LJ o LLI X 160 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S65 Ul h- CO W2 7 28 41- LiJ 42- 29 z w2 8 UJ 0 43- w. 30 I I 0 44- h CO 45- •w„ 31 LJJ J 1 46- :-w. 32 47- 48- W3 2 33 49- 50- 51- 52- 53- 54- 55- 56- 57- 58—| 59- 60- NUMBER 37 161 APPENDLX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S66 CO < SAMPLES CO LU o X >- CO o z LU CC _ < < LU < X CO O O s O 2 X w o LU X CO o o CD ZD III x < O LL LJ rrt < CD LU o m o h- X o CC r$ < o X X o X °? 7nLU Q _l £z o < CD O x § Is X co> =1 < X O LU < cr O ZD o X Q_LU o ^ X O o CC _l DC o^ Lu ^ ZJ> LU X * P § 3 o o O X o O Oto CO s o >- >==- CO x < LL O O =c o O co _l CL o yj < < CL CD < o CO LL X x _3 CJ 162 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES APPENDLX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S67 CO < SAMPLES CO o X > CO o z cc ^. < LU < ZD < LU x tz CO O o o o 2 X X LU CC o CO < o o m o ZD < CO X o x r- O x X < o zmCL. LU LL o < cc O O X Q LU O ZD< o o Oto ZD X X o o X cc _J O CO> LU CC LU CC 0 *,:-* 1- W, 2- 3- W, 4- -N' 13 5YR4/1 2.5 11890 5- tt 380 5YR4/2 6- W, 7- W, 8- 9- wc 10- w. 11- 12 w, 13-1 10 Wc 14 15- 16- 11 wr 17- 11 % 12 19- 20^ NUMBER 37 163 APPENDLX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S68 I UJ £ SAMPLES CO o CO LU X CO ^ O z > UJ LU < o cc ^. LU CO o O >• CD o 2 X CO — (rj LJ LU CL < O ZD CO CO x < CO INER / LU > NER A ^z NITE / X I- X rz < co Q Q cc O O X -> AAV ^ :> o 2 o OCA R OLO G LOGI C F H (MET E , O to o 1 Pi 52c i 8 | o o o z X X o o o m m cc o X X X X CO> _l h- < o LU s LU ICA S LU i— < GH T LAU C CL 3 < w < < CO _l LU CC Q_LU LU CO X B X _i X cc _^i X 2 o > >- >-==- X < o co o I o _l CL o X 1L JO o CL O CO O LL o O < Q LU 164 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S68 II LU SAMPLES > O 2 $* LX O X Q o to O EOLOGI C AG E THI C FRAGMENT S EPT H (METERS ) _J ICA S (EVAPORITES ) TRUCTUR E ADIOCARBO N DA T ITHOLOG Y PONG E SPICULE S lATOM S GH T MINERAL S LAUCONITE / ASTROPOD S VERDIN E EAV Y MINERAL S YRIT E HEL L FRAGMENT S DRAMINIFER A STRACODE S LAN T FRAGMENT S GGREGAT E CHINOID S -l £CC YPSU M HARDNES S _i (RELATIV E % ) X CD X _l O CO O TEXTUR E _i X S O CL. CD CO CD LL. O CO _l CL. 22- w9 19 • • 23- - win 20 24- 25- w„ 21 1 26— - w1? 22 LU 27- Z 28- LU w13 23 0 29- 0 24 h 30- w14 if) LU 31- J w15 25 Q. 32- '•/:'•••:;j'[l. J w 26 33- 16 34- 27 w17 35— 28 36- w18 37- wiq 29 • 38- 30 39- w20 40^ NUMBER 37 165 APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S68 III LU I- SAMPLES CO < CO CD CO Z X > co o LU cc ^. <: < LU re CO O (0 o >- >s < LU CD UJ — fn LJ LU cn o o CD h- CC < INE R ES S TU R O < o o fez FR A CO ID S < O ESP I O o O X z £g Si £ X III o cr O ZD CD :> 41H 42 43 44- 45- 46- 47 48H 49 50- 51- 52 53H 54 55- 56- 57- 58 59 H 60 166 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES APPENDLX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S69 SAMPLES CO < CO CD X > CO o z < cc ^. < CO < CO O o O >- X < CD X o CD ^ LU UJ X < o CD x 9 X o CC O fez CO UJ \£ .O x o O X < < LU rr> CL O o _i X :X u_ O o X X O cc O o z 2- CO o < _l O £ 3X X cO> X X o LU LU O O 3 3 t LU CD O to X _J DC XLu O 1- 61:: 1 2- 5Y3/2 0T(b'v9 1.5 ~N, 4410 3- O ± 80 :o: 5Y3/2 4- 5- w, Wc 6- 7- w. 23670 ± 370 8- 10YR4/2 4 9- 5YR2/2 3 IV 10YR2/2 10- 19 V 10YR2/2 2.5 11- -A-A-- 10 12- :N- 35260 -N_ VI 10YR4/2 2.5 ±610 13- w, 12 14- 15- wc 13 16- w. 14 17- 18H W- 19 15 20^ NUMBER 37 167 APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S70 LU CO SAMPI feQ CO LU z X > CO CO O o LU < o I 2 X § Q X < LL.^ LL.I LU O x CO O LL < X O^ O x 3»= C OQ LU =>< _, < O O 8 ctr OCARB O OLOG Y o DNES S X LL LOGI C A G UCTUR E T H (MET E ORATO R IBO N 1 4 X o < 3X t= CO> —I z X o X X CD zb X o_J rr X LU -L- 5- m w, 6- w. 7- w. 8- 9- w, 10- m. 11- w, 12- •N, wc 10 I I 13- 14- •N. W- 11 15- 12 5Y5/2 16- wQ 17- 5Y5/2 Wn 13 18- 14 5Y5/2 19- w.1 0 20- 168 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES APPENDLX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S71 LU h- CO < SAMPLES CO CD CO X > LU O z LU < -~ LU LU < o cc ^. < X CO o CO CD X CO X LU LD tZ =§ Q X Q Q < LU < o CO b x: > CD o CC 3 LU > O X o < o fez h- LU o CO LL LL < o o _l X CL o CL o X o z 3^ Iz ^O £ o o h- o >" CO 2D < o o o o tr O 3 °^ ... - LL O X X o _l X o X o X X UJ < LU I— o o o m 4- 5GY4/1 LU -_-_6)- 5Y3/2 0.3 z 5- LU 4660 ± 80 0 6- f 0 w. J 7- 0 I 8- w, 5Y3/2 9- w\ 5Y3/2 10 11 n 10 5Y3/2 6860 ± 50 12- O" IV 5Y2/1 0.5 7250 :o ±100 13- W- 12 5Y3/2 LU 14- 13 z w, 5Y3/2 LU 15 0 w 14 0 16 f 5Y3/2 h 17- if) w, 15 5Y3/2 LU 18- J 5Y3/2 1 19- w. 16 20^ NUMBER 37 169 APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S71 II LU CO < SAMPLES CD CO CO CO CO LU X CO z O Z > < o cc ^. LU gS -. LU LU CO < < LU b| CO X co O o CD > X CO LL Q Q CD O 2 3 CO O O fez r- LU IN E %z O cc CL < CL o LT O O X SCL > GESP I CFRA C ACOD E OCA R z z> TFRA G OLO G LOGI C T H (MET E °fk ... LL o q oS 3 o o h- CO O 8 O n o X X m QQ CC X _l X T < 3X X cO> _i < o LU LU LU LD < < TH I X LA N I— r- O O <;LLI X Q-LU LU X ST R < < _i CL o < (RELATIV E LI G < TEXTUR E o X o LL. 11 O co o 2 O X CD CO o CO _J CL o X o < o o 20-i •w 17 5Y3/2 21 22- W 18 5Y3/2 23 H 5Y3/2 19 24- w, 25—I W. 20 5Y3/2 26- LU W 21 5Y3/2 Z 27- LU 28^ 0 w 22 5Y3/2 0 h 29- oo 23 5Y3/2 30 H •w„ LU J 31 5Y3/2 1 W19 24 32- 25 5Y3/2 33- w2,0 34-j 'W„ 26 5Y3/2 35- 5Y3/2 36—I W2 2 27 37^ 5Y3/2 :"W2,3 28 38- 29 5Y3/2 39- w2 4 40^ 170 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S71 LU I— CO SAMPLES CO < CO LU o CO X LU z LU —. LU LU < o o °C *• X in h 2 CO CO O O co X O LU CD O 2 X CO LD p= O CD LU Q O 3 CO Q CO X O < fez LU > O X ^ CL r- z^ O X CL LU X o LL ul O O cc O O X O? so. >: o . UJ 3^ CO OQ LU =)< _, 0 O O cc X O OLOG Y < lOCAR B o T H (ME O O CD O o -I CD CC < 3X X CO> CC z (— O o X zr. _J X X LU O <^LU QC D.LU LJ < \— < CD co n LU t— LD < < CO -j O O < LD X O S X o I < X< Q _i LL _J O CO X O X O CO CL O X < o O CL X o o o CO —I LU 40- —-1 -~ —tr\ — Z - w 30 5Y3/2 • vv25 1 LU 41- • 0 42- w 31 5Y3/2 0 vv26 h • 00 43- w 32 5Y3/2 vv2? 1 A A LU 44 • J 1 45- J 46- 47- 48- 49- 50- 51- 52- 53- 54- 55- 56- 57- 58- 59- 60^ NUMBER 37 171 APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S72 SAMPLES co < co CD CO X > o CC ,-. < 2 CO CO < z LU < X LU 9?. ^ CD O O 2 X co a. < O LU Q • o o w CD fez 3 co cr x a o * !"f" x *5 CL o- 1 1(5T£^ 10YR3/2 1- 1.5 Wi 10YR3/2 • • I 2- 10YR3/2 3- J L 18 5GY3/2 4- 2900 /-> \_S f~S. ± 70 "G)-G)~r 5- ^/ •^y \s I IV 5GY3/2 0.3 ••'••:' ^. .^ 6- 7- V 0.8 8- VI 5GY3/2 0.6 6420 v^ — g> ± 80 9- 5Y3/2 10- w. 11- w. 11 5Y4/2 12- 13 w, 12 5Y4/2 14 >:&. w« 13 5Y4/2 15- 14 5Y4/2 16- wc 17- W- 15 5Y4/2 18- 1Q, 19 16 5Y4/2 wc 20 172 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S73 I CO CO < SAMPLES I- CO z o X co < LU x o z cc ^. X CO CO O CO CL < o < cr o III o 2 X W Q LU 51 < o r i o CD o LU X 10YR4/2 "N_ N 10YR4/2 5YR3/2 10YR3/2 I c^X.6)' V-X <~\ w, 5Y3/2 3990 6>-~CH N3 ± 90 5Y2/1 0.3 IV 5Y3/2 0.5 V 5YR3/2 0.3 9- VI 5Y3/2 0.3 10- • 1 • --CT). (5T N2 0.5 11- VII 5Y3/2 0.3 12- ~-t5Tw 0.5 7590 ± 90 CTT.O-" VIII 45 N2 I 13- W, 12760 I . I •N ± 110 14- -N 5GY6/1 2.5 IV". IX N 10YR4/2 2 "N; 15- 13 16- w. 17- w, 14 18H 19- 20^ NUMBER 37 173 APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S73 II LU CO 5 SAMPI o CO LU o CO I— X >• CO CO ^ X z -J LU LU < < CO O o CL ~ CD CD X LD 51 < OLOG Y co OQ _ DNES S LOGI C A G o UCTUR E T H (MET E B < T MINERA L < o g co RBO N 1 4 CD X X BORATO R X o_l X < 3X t= =>C0<> _—|l O. < X z x O LU fr\zc < O ^LU X CLLU LU _l x x LU LU I— V- CD EAV Y MINER A o O CO < < O LU ^ —i> > >-=-> X UJ X o < _l (RE L CL CC CD X o X TEX " _i X < < o o 3S co o O CL O CO CL CO o O 20 ~l > w6 16 21- 22- w7 17 23- • • w8 18 24- 25- w9 19 26- w10 20 • • 27- LU 28- Z w 21 LU vv11 0 29- ' I 0 w 22 I 30- vv12 h 00 31- w 23 • • LU vv13 J 32- Q. ':. •. •!--Vr> '••••'• \l'rl':l/i w 24 J 33- VV14 34- w 25 vv15 35- w 26 36- vv16 37- w 27 • vv17 38— w 28 • 39- vv18 40- 174 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S73 CO LU LU 1— CO _J < SAMPI I I— g O i— CO CO z x LU z X CO LLj LU > i < < CT U NE S \%z O S X CL LU X OCARB O BO N 1 4 SCL LOGI C A OLOG Y < ORATO R T H (MET E O O 3 O CD FUR E .ATIV E °^ I.I LL >- cc LU LL X I— X X _i X _i X X o < CD o CD cc \— co OQ LU -,<£ _, r- O O o CO CC (U)J LU LU O < EAV V X CO o _i 47- 48- 49- 50- 51- 52- 53- 54- 55- 56- 57- 58- 59- 60^ NUMBER 37 175 APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S74 LU i- CO < SAMPLES g o CO i— o z X > x < o cc -. CO CDZ CD o 2 Q g CC O O o < fez Q_ o o tz o O o X o g _l o n m I— co CO X ICA S (EVAPORITE S PONG E SPICU L TRUCTUR E LAN T FRAGME f OLO R ARDNES S GH T MINERAL S LAUCONIT E / ELECYPOD S STRACODE S GGREGAT E < o LU LU < EAV Y MINERA L VERDIN E YRIT E YPSU M HEL L FRAGME h DRAMINIFER A ITHI C FRAGM I CO (RELATIV E % ) Q_ CO _i Q_ X _L TEXTUR E Q_ CO o o X E 5 O O _i X ^ o o LL o o- (Dp^CD) 1- ]r^';.ll:.- •"•'.'.".'^. W, '•':'" f^''l'l 2- 3- 5Y3/2 0 C7>-C7)V 6290 -C5)- 6) 0.6 ±140 4- 5Y3/2 0 5- 6- -6T "(ft 5Y3/2 'G)~ 7- • .\G)l6). IV 5Y3/2 8- 6420 V 5Y3/2 0.5 ± 90 9- W, 5Y3/2 10- 11- W, 5Y3/2 12- W, 10 5Y3/2 13- 14- 10YR3/2 Wc 11 15- 16-1 W, 12 10YR3/2 17- W- 13 10YR3/2 18- 19- 20^ 176 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES APPENDIX 1.—Continued. LU CO LU ^ SAMPLES CO _J CO O z £2 1— Cf LU X 3 £ UJ 2 CO c3 L2 £> 2 z> 3 ^ Z ^H 2 O X EPTH(METE R O O jT < H ICA S THI C FRAGM E ADIOCARBO N ITHOLOG Y IEL D (EVAPORITES ) LAUCONITE / VERDIN E ASTROPOD S .EOLOGI C AG E ABORATOR Y -ARBO N 1 4 EAV Y MINERAL S YPSU M HEL L FRAGME N ELECYPOD S DRAMINIFER A STRACODE S LAN T FRAGME N GGREGAT E ^RB0NAT E PA R 1- YRIT E < CD CC LD _l LL _l O co O X5 (>-< £U J _^ IC S O Q-O COQ-LLO CD _l CL < O O o < LU rp cr n u W1 1 I • • • ^ W I 1- -5:f: II 5Y3/2 4 • 2- ^&lll 21 22 !| 2900 III Ii1 : 23 A i 1 ± 60 - - - - 5 \i jl 1 3- T • • 1 w 6 5Y3/2 i 1 4- 0 5- LU w* 7 Z 6- LU 8 w4 7- 0 5830 -•-'-' - B i ! 0 ± 90 24 IV 5Y3/2 • J T • 1 • l i 8- 0 .^.CTr^r 9 f T I 9- 25 0.5 • 1i • i '-GT-f- 5Y3/2 V 26 11 1 10 1 1 10- _ _ _ _ 27 • - SS-.9 VI 5Y3/2 0.5 1 1 . 1 11- 11 L - 1 28 0.5 • 1 5Y3/2 12- _^-_t5V VII 1 12 13- 29 1 • VIII 5Y3/2 1 6960 30 r* L> Ii ±110 14- 13 1 • LU w, 14 5Y3/2 • • z 15- - LU 5Y3/2 0 16- W6 15 0 - 17- • h 16 5Y3/2 00 - w7 LU 18- J 19- 17 5Y3/2 1 w8 J 20^ i—- *-_ NUMBER 37 177 APPENDLX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S75 II in LU ICA S (EVAPORITES ) PONG E SPICULE S LAN T FRAGMENT S EPT H (METERS ) GGREGAT E ARBONAT E PARTIC L EOLOGI C AG E GH T MINERAL S LAUCONIT E / ELECYPOD S STRACODE S ITHI C FRAGMENT S ADIOCARBO N DAT I ITHOLOG Y TRUCTUR E OLO R ARDNES S VERDIN E /RIT E YPSU M HEL L FRAGMENT S DRAMINIFER A iASTROPOD S EAV Y MINERAL S CARBO N 1 4 c o (RELATIV E % ) FIEL D > LABORATOR Y ? o X o _i CO o X TEXTUR E ZixSO Q_o COCLLLOCO_J a. <: CD CD — LU 20- -1 - 18 "fc- Z w9 LU 21- I1 0 - 22- w 19 1 0 10 I1 00 23- - w„ 20 1 LU 24- •1 J • 1 25- J 26— 27- 28- 29- 30- 31- 32- 33- 34- 35- 36- 37- 38- 39- 40- 178 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES APPENDLX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S76 SAMPLES CO NT S DAT E T S CO _ h- TICLE S EPT H (METER : ARBO N 1 4 (EVAPORITES ) ADIOCARBO N IEL D GH T MINERAL S LAUCONIT E / ASTROPOD S ITHOLOG Y 1 AN T FRAGMF N VERDIN E ABORATOR Y TRUCTUR E YRIT E HEL L FRAGME N DRAMINIFER A STRACODE S ITHI C FRAGM E GGREGRAT E ARBONAT E PAR ' THE R IEOLOGI C AG E EAV Y MINERAL S IICA S YPSU M ELECYPOD S HARDNES S COLO R (RELATIV E % ) o X CD _l X _J O CO TEXTUR E ZJ I S O CL CD CO CL LL O O _l CL n U • » 1 .^^ . 0.3 • • ^6&1 I 5GY3/2 1 l 1 1- 1 1.4 1 1 1 'CV6T-" 2 15 0.5 ! 2- II 16 5GY3/2 3 0.8 1 (JJ 1 1 17 1 • 3- III 5GY3/2 0.3 1 ^-~6)l 18 4 1!• ' G)1H- 4- • — — \^/ - II 1 • 19 :^C3)-- A IV 5GY3/2 0 1 5- 4950 5 Al 1 1 ±130 il&- HOLOCEN E 20 — — -/-s- • 6- 5GY3/2 . -^~\- — -V 0 1 - rc3T_-_-_ 21 .l I¥ 6 lI 1 — —v_ / — — 7— -v^- — — 1 22 m cV VI 5Y3/2 0 8— •jstj^- 23 | .... 6680 -~- - - 7 B w • A ±100 I • .'•'. VS^. '.;. 9- :'-'-'S>'. •':•'.. 1 w. 8 5Y3/2 I 1 - ')($•£? 10- '••:••.• 'o>".« - :^0; 5Y3/2 11- W9 9 2 UJ '.•'••'••'• *..vlx "•'• z 12- UJ :yrS"-' •.'!•'•.• • :'0>^-;':/;. 5Y3/2 w3 10 0 13- '..-.•• O • .• 0 - Si^; 14- 5Y3/2 w4 11 • .•'.'•s^.':>r<- EIS T 15— ' •'.' Is:' ;'.'.'• J ;o V.©v: 5Y3/2 : w 12 Q. 16- 5 '•••••'.: ..^;' J - 17- v_/ 5Y3/2 13 - (5, w w6 18- • \_y. 5Y3/2 19- w7 14 1 ^-/ • II 20^ NUMBER 37 179 APPENDLX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S77 I LU 1<— SAMPI CO O CO LU X CO X z LU > < APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S77 II CO < SAMPLES o o CO I— Z X >• co z cc o cc -. < LU UJ < o cc CO CO O o >- O 2 X CO o Q LU CL O LU o m I- X O CD < $ s o 3 CO < ro X < fc CL X *i o x o r- z^ O X CD LU LL < fez O O LL O o o LT O o X CC o _l CD CD to O Q \— X o X 8 o o 3 X X > coSl-i^ z X -i CD CC _i X Qj CO o o O X < < 3X X CO> < CO o .6) 10YR5/2 10YR8/1 23- wf 17 10YR7/4 CD)- 24 w 18 10YR5/2 VV1I 25 26 w„ 19 10YR5/2 27- w 20 10YR5/2 28- 29- w 21 10YR5/2 VV1: 30 w, 22 10YR5/2 31 32- w. 23 10YR5/2 33- w. 24 10YR5/2 34 10YR5/2 35 w17 25 10YR7/4 36H w. 26 10YR5/2 37 38H •C3)' rcj), w 27 10YR5/2 vv1< : 39 'CDY; 'CD) 10YR5/2 20 28 '•"CD): '6)'. w, 40^ NUMBER 37 181 APPENDLX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S77 III CO SAMPLES o < CO I— CD CO az z X > CO < o cc _,. 42 43H 44 45- 46- 47 48 49- 50- 51- 52- 53- 54- 55 56 57H 58 59 60 182 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES APPENDDC 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S78 CO SAMPLES CO o < CO LU Q X >• CO X O Z LU LU cc ^. < cf < O LU aS < < CO co co o O 2 X CO az X o CO >- X X £ CD Q Q < o X o 3 en . LU LU LU O X o O LL X < fez r- -T» LL. . «=; O x < o X CL o o o _J o ID. U_ LU o O >- CO oo < o _l *s 3 CD 3< _i o X DD o X _i X ^ 5x x c75> _ O X O to X o X LU < CO o CC CD LU o LU o CD ££. r- _l < LU X D^ LU O 0 • i i i_- '• • .••..'•••.' s :1 5YR3/2 1 •r>'. • i • i i 17 2-H 5YR3/2 2.5 3 CD) ^ 4H w. 3250 5 ± 60 0.1 •6) 5Y3/2 6H 0.5 6730 ~CD) IV 5Y3/2 ± 70 7 I HI • i 15920 V 1.3 , ± 140 8 4.5 I w. 9- 10- w. 11 10 w, 10YR8/2 10YR7/4 12-1 11 10YR5/2 13 wc 14 flK 12 wc 15 10YR7/4 W- 13 16 17- Wc 14 18- 10YR7/4 19 wr 15 20 J NUMBER 37 183 APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S79 I CO LU CO _l < SAMPLES CO o o X > CO ^ I— o 30 10YR4/2 1- 2- 1.2 10YR4/2 1 3 0.5 3850 5GY4/1 I. ± 80 4- 0.7 i 4480 ± 70 5Y3/2 2.1 17900 5Y5/2 ± 220 IV 1.3 45 5Y3/2 i i i 2.7 V 5Y5/2 7H 8 WM wH 10YR4/2 9- .-'/TV ••'."!••'''• .•'••'.' -^>' •'. 10YR8/2 v '.'O .'!••'•'. w. 10YR7/4 10- -H- 11 &£& w. .'. ".'"• *"^'.'•'.• 12- O;': ''•'..''.• '••"•: w, 10 •'•••'••.'•>_/•'. 13- .'.'.^rs '.'.•••.•'• 14- ••'.••-:-'/r\-:' 10YR4/2 wc 11 15- • ^1'.-:'.'•' ••'•'. .'.-.'• IfS"; • 10YR8/2 12 w£ 10YR7/4 16 •w .' •' •• 17- W- 13 18- 10YR8/2 w 14 19- c 5Y8/1 20- 184 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S79 II CO UJ LU l— SAMPI < co co co CD CO CO Z X > CO CO X CO LL CO z> CO < LU o ^ LU CD i- x ^ Q LL CO o CL O Q CO o < 1— %z <=> cc Z c •) X o CL RBO N 1 4 CC HOLOG Y < 3X X CO> —I OLOGI C AG E PTH(MET E LO R DIOCARB O _i BORATO R RUCTUR E RDNES S H T MINERA L X O APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S79 CO LU _l SAMPLES CO CO o < H- CO X LU Q X CO co < < o Z CC ^4- _l < X CL < x LU >- CO ~ CD CD o O o < Q CL o O CO X < CD fez UJ£ O £ O O CO az o O LU < CC X O X o O X CL O LU o _i o 3^ CD LU 2CL LL >_ o < o Oto CD CO o < o _l O 3 _ 3< _i O az o x f= O _i CD 41- 42- 43- 44 45 46- 47- 48 49 50- 51- 52 53- 54- 55- 56- 57- 58- 59- 60—' 186 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S80 I LU LU 5 SAMPLES co o ITHOLOG Y IEL D (EVAPORITES ) GH I MINERAL S LAUCONITE / PONG E SPICULE S VERDIN E )EPT H (METERS ) ABORATOR Y CARBO N 1 4 TRUCTUR E EAV Y MINERAL S YPSU M HEL L FRAGMENT S ELECYPOD S STRACODE S LAN T FRAGMENT S ASTROPOD S JEOLOGI C AG E IADIOCARBO N D , IICA S YRIT E DRAMINIFER A ITHI C FRAGMEN T GGREGAT E ARBONAT E PART I HARDNES S COLO R (RELATIV E % ) LJ LL LJ —I LL _l CJ CO TEXTUR E _i X S O D_o COO_LLOCO_JCL<00 n 1 u — — -\_S 34 LU :~--SJ-- 5Y3/2 Z I 35 2 1 — CLV -,_<• 11 ' ' 1 1 2— w, 2 5Y8/1 B 3- 36 3530 II 37 C ± 60 38 5Y3/2 1 HOLOC E 4- 1.5 ws -• "^j—H 4 1 l i I 3 - • } H 1 II, .... - ~oW* | 1 5- *#*•• w2 4 5Y5/2 1 - &M 1 1 6- ;-Q:-S:- _ Wo 5 1 1 3 7- £'£££ 1I I' -€zrzz>-/-s 39 4.5 23070 III 40 5Y5/2 1 { ±1880 6 D 1 8- "N" "JV~ 41 10YR4/2 4.5 i IV 7 m'•£H 1 8 w4 10YR4/2 9- 1 LU • I?:- '•.:'• -": Z •'••. .'•;>-/"• w 9 10- 5 LU •: •'.'.•/tS.--.; 0 10 11- - w 0 .'.".•'. !\V<'. 6 I h w7 11 5Y8/1 12- 1 10 10YR8/2 W8 12 ii] 13- Vs j i 14- W 13 J 9 15- - 10YR7/4 win 14 16- . o 10 17- - w 15 vv11 18- VV0 16 19- v^ 12 ' 20^ __ ^ NUMBER 37 187 APPENDIX 1.—Continued. : SAMPLES ICLE S ATE CO C cn CO CO CD en h- 111 (— \— i— THOLOG Y THI C FRAGME N BENTHI C ASTROPOD S ICA S PONG E SPICU L LAN T FRAGME N ARBONAT E PA R EPT H (METER , (EVAPORITES ) GGREGAT E EOLOGI C AG E STRACODE S IEL D TRUCTUR E GH T MINERAL S LAUCONIT E / ELECYPOD S ADIOCARBO N OLO R ARDNES S EAV Y MINERAL S VERDIN E YRIT E YPSU M HEL L FRAGME N DRAMINIFER A CARBO N 1 4 _i LABORATOR Y (RELATIV E % ) D_ CO D_ C/J _i CL APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S80 III CO LU LU C O (EVAPORITES ) ARBO N 1 4 c o LAN T FRAGMENT S EOLOGI C AG E EPT H (METERS ) GH T MINERAL S LAUCONITE / TRUCTUR E ELECYPOD S STRACODE S GGREGAT E ARBONAT E PARTIC L OLO R ARDNES S VERDIN E HEL L FRAGMENT S PONG E SPICULE S ADIOCARBO N DA T ITHOLOG Y IEL D > ABORATOR Y ? EAV Y MINERAL S IICA S YRIT E YPSU M DRAMINIFER A ITHI C FRAGMENT S iASTROPOD S (RELATIV E % ) o X Q _i x _] O CO o X TEXTUR E IJXSO 0_0 CO CL LL O co —i CL 40- — LU - v_/ "" w9fi 30 1 26 ri Z 41- -r - • IU w 31 i 0 42- • \ "27 • 43- /*S I w 32 V¥ IST O 1 28 1 LU 44- • J • 33 10YR8/2 1 45- I w 29 10YR7/4 I J • 46- 47- 48- 49- 50- 51- 52- 53- 54- 55- 56- 1 i 1 57- 1 i ] 58- i ' ! i ! | 59- 60^ NUMBER 37 189 APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S81 I CO LU LU 5 SAMPLES CO _l CO co t co o O co LU . '" LU ^ X >- CO _3 CO ^ < ZJ LU -Z. hX - „ s -! rf HI LU 3 ^ LU < ICA S (EVAPORIT I GH T MINER A LAUCONITE / PONG E SPI C VERDIN E EAVYMINER y YRIT E YPSU M HEL L FRAG M ELECYPOD S DRAMINIFE F STRACODE S ITHI C FRA G LAN T FRAG M GGREGAT E THE R ARBONAT E P LITHOLOG Y DEPT H (MET E STRUCTUR E RADIOCARBO I FIEL D CARBO N 1 4 GEOLOGI C A G LABORATO R HARDNES S (RELATIV E % COLO R TEXTUR E —1 X S O CL O co Q- LL o CO _l CL n—i u 1 1 | J x=3- 1 2.5 1 ' 1f l 1[ 1 0 1- 1 1350 2 1 ,, I 21 ± 80 W A 5Y6/4 1 2- 22 1 1 -N-"_-_- 19630 - II 23 I 1 1 1 -~-~-N-~ 24 ± 140 3 D 3- -N~-~-~ 2.5 25 B 28200 III 26 4 ? ? 1 .'•' 17- 1 18 w6 18- - /-> 10YR8/2 19 19- ^~i w7 •'•' •'•'.' ..^-V:' 20^ * 190 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES APPENDLX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S81 II CO III _1 SAMPLES (/1—) CO CO < CO LU I— TI C zLU X LU CD X > CO s O Z LU LU cc ^ X FRA G CL u_ >- ;= :OD E NAT E _i O X 3^ LU o < ^ 9, CO CDCD 3< _l O 21- 22- 23- 24- 25- 26- 27 H 28 29 30 31- 32- 33- 34 35 36 37 38 39 40^ NUMBER 37 191 APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S82 I SAMPLES CO co CO o < co I— Q CO cr Z X CO ^ APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S82 CO LU UJ h- SAMPLES < CO O CO ENT S UJ NT S RTIC L z X > co ^ co z LE S EOLOGI C A G EPTH(MET E ARBO N 1 4 ICA S THI C FRAG M (EVAPORIT E TRUCTUR E ADIOCARB O IEL D GH T MINERA L LAUCONIT E / ITHOLOG Y OLO R ARDNES S VERDIN E PONG E SPIC U ELECYPOD S ASTROPOD S EAV Y MINER A YRIT E YPSU M HEL L FRAGM E STRACODE S LAN T FRAGM E GGREGAT E ARBONAT E P A ABORATO R DRAMINIFER / (RELATIV E % ) o X • -I X _l o CO o j_ TEXTUR E —iZC-^CD CL. CD COQ_LLOCO_JCL 20- _ —r ,i 1 w 16 \s vv 21- 1? 1. 22- J w 17 HI vv13 z 23- UJ 77 '•\T:\ ;*".'• w 18 0 VV 0 24- •.7" •'."• 14 . .^ h 25- w 19 fl) ' A vv ^ W 15 LU 26- 1 J 20 1 w 1 27- • 1 vv16 J 28- A ' A i- • w 21 vv17 29- r 1 w 22 30- vv18 31- 32- 33- 34- 35- 36- 37- 38- 39- 40^ NUMBER 37 193 APPENDIX 1.—Continued. MUIV D C DtiC 1 CO SAMPLES o >• < cc ^. g o o S o O O CD THOLOG Y BENTHI C PONG E SPICULE S LAN T FRAGMENT S ARBONAT E PARTICL EPT H (METERS ) 5 ICA S (EVAPORITES ) GGREGAT E ITHI C FRAGMENT S HEL L WHOL E STRACODE S LAUCONITE / ADIOCARBO N DAT E TRUCTUR E OLO R ARDNES S GH T MINERAL S VERDIN E YRIT E YPSU M HEL L FRAGMENT S DRAMINIFER A )THE R EAV Y MINERAL S _i C/J CO _i APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S83 II LU h- CO < SAMPI o LU o CO LU RS ) CO z _i X Z > CO z III < rj "5 LU r~ < X o FRA G ESPI C GAT E IN E FRAG M NATE P FRAG M WHOL E IINIFE F HI C 30DE S CD LU 3< i ^i- _i CO (RELATIV E % ) CD X o X _i O o X TEXTUR E _J X Z> CD > >CL- ^-^O - CO C/J LL O C/J _l Q_ 20 - w 16 vvi: 21- 22 w, 17 23 24 w1 4 18 25 w 19 26 vv1 27 w 20 vv1l 28 21 29- w17 30- w 22 31 32 -| w 23 VV1! 33 34 35 H 36 37 38 39 40^ NUMBER 37 195 APPENDIX l.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S84 I LU CO $ SAMPLES g CD CO i— LU cc z X CO ^ O o < e- o h~-) LU si O FRA G CL GAT E o o cc O X z o^ ^X LL >_ o FRAG M O o Cf) OO LU -)O< c_r, 0 0 1.2 2890 10YR5/4 0.3 ± 60 1- 0.7 O- < « • 16760 25 26 5Y7/2 39350 5- 27 28 5Y8/1 ± 800 29 4.5 30 N2 6- i——i——r 5Y8/1 ^T 7 w. 5Y6/1 8 w, 5Y8/1 9- w 5Y8/1 10- £ 11- w, 10 5Y8/1 12- W- 11 5Y8/1 13- 14- w, 12 5Y8/1 15- 13 5YR8/1 16- wf 17- ,i 5YR8/1 •:',': • .o w, 14 ;^> • 18- I. . 19- VY 15 5YR8/1 20- 196 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES APPENDLX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S84 II CO CO SAMPLES O < CO CD X CO CO ^ X o Z LU > 21 22 H 23 24 H 25 26 H 27 28 29 30 31- 32- 33 34- 35- 36 H 37- 38- 39 H 40-J NUMBER 37 197 APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S85 LU h- < SAMPLES g O CO i— LU z X > co ^ cc LU LU < LU < CO co O X Q X CO X CD < o CO O x O < X LU^ .O x CL o X x X »Q_ LL O LL o OCARB O o BO N 1 4 D 3^ CL LOGI C A o OLOG Y az DRATO R T H (MET E o >• CO OQ < _J LU Q X X > ^ 3X fcr c75> \— g CD () 7T\ CD CC o X X LU ' g <;LU cc CLi- CO o X X LU < LU W < < _l < o X X < LU x o < LI T E 3 CD X O LL JO CO X LU X CL CD CO CO LL O _l o o o LU 0^ w. 5YRS/1 1 w, 10YR8/2 10YR8/2 & 2H & w, 10YR7/4 20330 10YR8/2 ± 270 <^>: w, 3 10YR8/2 4- w, 5- w, 10YR8/2 39730 10YR8/2 20 ' 218 L7T ; 23 10YR8/2 27 26 9 9- 28- 30 ! 10YR8/2 32; 34' 35 10- 10 11 12 13-1 14 15H 16 17 18H 19 20 J 198 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S86 SAMPLES < co o CO Q X > CO _3 LU z X o LU n 1 1.0 I 5YR2/2 \ 1- 2 • 1690 A ± 80 2- . II 5YR2/2 1.8 3- 3 29 0.5 4- III 30 i i * 4 1.5 * * 5- 31 IV i 32 5Y3/2 • i. 6- 5 33 \ LiJ 7- V 34 5Y3/2 4910 B i Z ±100 6 • LiJ 8- 35 •/ i \ VI 36 5Y3/2 2.5 \ 0 7. 0 9- 7 / J sSf 0 m— VII 5Y3/2 2 I 8 N. 11- 37 VIII 38 5Y3/2 i i, 9 12- 39 \ IX 13- 40 5Y3/2 0.5 i 11 ~r~-~r7~ 10 14- 41 X 42 5Y3/2 0.8 i 11 11 15- * ^ i 16- XI 43 5Y3/2 6430 U ±110 12 17- h w1 13 GO 18- UJ J 19- w2 14 1 J 20^ — NUMBER 37 199 APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S86 II cn LU in h- _i < SAMPLES (/1-) (D C_J CD CO C/J h- l— LzU \— Z X CO C/J CO z z ft > < "=5 LU < cn LU UJ < I— I— RA G I C POD S cc u_ u_ CJ z o CD 111 HI C IDE S GR E i XLU LAUCONITE / X ABORATO R OLO R ARDNES S GH T MINERA L EAV Y MINER A VERDIN E /RIT E VPSU M HEL L FRAGM E LU 0UJ C\—O i— CO 20- w. 15 2H 22- w. 16 23 H 17 wc 24- 25 H 18 wc 26- W- 19 5Y4/2 LU 27- Z 28 -| Wc 20 UJ •'•. <1' 0 29- 0 w. 21 5Y4/2 h 30 H (A w. 22 5Y4/2 ill 31 10 J 32- CL VY 23 5Y4/2 33- VY 24 5Y4/2 34- 12 35- VY 13 25 5Y4/2 36- VY 26 5Y4/2 37- 14 38- 5Y4/2 w 15 27 39- 5Y4/2 VY16 28 40- 200 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S86 LU h- CO < SAMPLES O CD co LU Z > CO ^ _l LU z rr CD x —1 LU ^ UJ iJJ T> <: < o CO ( J O LL >- O 2 x co UJ t| ^ LU g CD CD 2 a 2£ - < 1— 3 co LL. 1 1 1 SP I X LU > AT E X z^ O cc RA G < o O 1— LU III o < —i LC O o x X rz Op= ... 2Q. u_ LL O z o CD CD CD z >• CO 2 fa 8 1— O 3 O ,, OQ cu ^^ _j z IDE E X Q GR E g X -I 50C _i X LU LU <^ X ON G <: RB O I— X < 3X X CO> —1 THI C CD o UJ X o LU- ^ LJJ _l XLU |_ n _i CO X 47- 48- 49- 50- 51- 52- 53- 54- 55- 56- 57- 58- 59- 60^ NUMBER 37 201 APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S87 CO < SAMPLES g CO i— LU x o o X > CO < < z cc -. APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S87 II CO LU r~ SAMPI CO o CD I— < CO cr LU z X > CO O LU cc ^ < < O 1- o Q_ dVO O LU X g CD > o 2 o < o LU LU CD < X < 7=i UJ CD- X < X cr CO LL X O LU O Z o LU O BO N LOGI C OLO G TH(M E o DRA T 51 g =1 LU i— LU ICA S LU TRUCTUR E GH T MINERA L LAUCONITE / OLO R ARDNES S VERDIN E EAV Y MINER A Q_LU m z o < < CD _i < < C/J (RELATIV E % ) X X _j o o X TEXTUR E i zc 2 o x o < o o o" CO LL o Q_ CO 20 ~ : •' *V;.#- 5Y6/4 w8 17 21- •m- ••'.•".•'»•••'•*.'. 22- "'.*' '•.:'-'": w9 18 '» 23- •11*.1 '• 'm. 19 10YR4/2 w10 • 24- '••'* 25^ ••:•.".*•*•• w 20 vv11 26- ' m ' ' : 0. 21 • m w • • vv12 27- LU '»'..'••• •. •'».".• Z 28- w 22 • •'••"'*: >•••..-• vv13 UJ •;: •:'.-'.•#:; ' : .•#'.'"•.•.•; 0 29- •'••'>•.:'• w 23 vv • 0 14 h 30- '.'.*•' ••*'••' 00 ;.';•'#'.•"' 31- w 24 10YR4/2 • vv LU ••". * .".• 15 J m m: 32- Q. • "••»'•..' 0k .0 w 25 m vv J 33~ • •••.«. ' 16 34- » »' w 26 1 vv17 •;*. ' m. 35- . #' w 27 0 vv18 36- 0 0 0 37- '• -0 0 w 28 10YR4/2 - * « 3b- * • 0* w 29 10YR4/2 39- 0 vv20 * 0 0 40^ ^ -^ NUMBER 37 203 APPENDIX 1.—Continued. CORE NUMBER S87 CO UJ MI h- cn i < SAMPI r- CO o UJ o CO z 1— \— LU III -z. rr z X >• CO CO O LU cc ^. < < LU < o 1- ^° < cr LU X CO DI001 0 CD CD >- o 2 x <£ O LL Q X RAG M SPICU L AT E AT E P A -o 3AGM E :UJ O INE R O az. ES S Z% O in LL LL X 2Q. LL oLU z O o z :> 3< _i CT O CD i— > ci RBO N o o HOLO G _i PT H (M E DIOCA R 3 0 RA T _i X J_ (S OQ AR B m LA N LU LU i— LU CD PO N cn c ^ _b> >= >-yi x x o co < 42 43 44- 45- 46- 47- 48- 49- 50H 51 52 53 54 55 56 57~\ 58 59 60^ Appendix 2: Core Sample Data Listings Legend TEXTURAL ANALYSIS POINT COUNT ANALYSIS SAND Sand Abbreviation Composition SILT Silt LT Light mineral CLAY Clay HVY Heavy mineral TOTAL = 100% MICA Mica GLAU Glauconite/Verdine PYRT Pyrite EVAP Evaporite GYP Gypsum LITH Lithic fragment AGG Aggregate PLTM Plant material FORB Foraminifera, Benthic FORP Foraminifera, Planktonic GSHW Gastropod shell, Whole GSHF Gastropod shell, Fragment PSHW Pelecypod shell, Whole PSHF Pelecypod shell, Fragment SHLW Shell, Whole SHLF Shell, Fragment OSTR Ostracode SPNG Sponge spicule ECHIN Echinoderm BRYO Bryozoa WRMT Worm tube PTER Pteropod DIAT Diatom INSCT Insect RADIO Radiolaria OTH Other Fe OXIDE Iron Oxide WHITE White calcareous carbonite CARBT Carbonate TOTAL = 100% CARBON-14 Radiocarbon date 205 206 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE MARINE SCIENCES APPENDIX 2.—Continued. OOOOOOOOOOOOOOCNOOOOOOOOOOpppp odoooooooodoooooooooodooooooo OOOOOOOOIOCNOOCNO-^—'OCNCNTj-in^f-inOoo'^OOO ociocid> OOOOOOOOOO^Osc-iCN^OO^ — P^l^CN^ 00000000*002, co O LJ O OOOOOOOOOO °° n o o o o OVKN-OMSO — OO o z2 S^ d — d d < d>d>d>d>c6d>d>d>cici oi/Sddddooddd ino\o;oo'tTfnq(N\qqqo-qt^q- oo^r — o o o o o m Nm'«(NfnnH'ttN'tdddi'id(vJoi6rEPT H (METERS ) TRUCTUR E EAV Y MINERAL S YRIT E YPSU M HEL L FRAGMENT S STRACODE S ITHI C FRAGMENT S LAN T FRAGMENT S lATOM S iEOLOGI C AG E IICA S DRAMINIFER A GGREGAT E ALCI C NODUL E (RELATIV E % ) o X o -i x _i O CO o X TEXTUR E _i^SO xo COOLL O CO _l Q_ < Q O ~ 5Y6/1 1.7 II 21 ± 120 22 1.2 2- 23 5G6/1 I 23510 3 24 3 I I . * ± 260 w 5GY6/1 3- &> w. 5GY6/1 4- •O'.