Developmental anomalies of primary and permanent teeth
Developmental anomalies of primary and permanent teeth Morphological variations Supernumerary cusps Supernumerary roots Dilaceratio dentis Invaginatio dentis Microdontia, macrodontia Numerical variations Polyodontia/hyperdontia Dens supernumerarius Dens supplementarius Oligodontia/hypodontia Aplasia / agenesis Anodontia partialis, anodontia totalis Double formations (fusio, geminatio dentium) Structural anomalies Enamel hypoplasia Amelogenesis imperfecta Dentinogenesis imperfecta Disturbances in the different developmental stages Initiation stage (sixth to seventh weeks) hypodontia, anodontia hyperdontia, supernumerary teeth Bud stage (eighth week) macrodontia, microdontia Cap stage (ninth to tenth weeks) invagination (dens in dente) gemination, fusion supernumerary cusp Bell stage (eleventh to twelfth weeks) Apposition and maturation stages (varies per tooth) enamel dysplasia dentinal dysplasia Root formation supernumerary roots dilaceration Cement formation concrescence
Supernumerary cusps
Supernumerary roots
Dilaceratio dentis
Dilaceratio dentis
Invagination („dens in dente”)
Microdontia
Macrodontia
Dens connatalis
Hyperdontia
Supplemental tooth
Supernumerary tooth
Accessory teeth Supplemental teeth
Supplemental tooth
Mesiodens
retromolar/distomolar paramolar
Hypodontia
Aplasia/agenesis Oligodontia (6 or more germs are missing) Partial anodontia Total anodontia
Aplasia of primary and permanent upper lateral incisors
5 1 1 5 aplasia
5 5 aplasia 5
Aplasia of second premolars Persistent primary molars
Oligodontia
5 4 3 4 5 8 germs are missing 5 4 5
Double formation of teeth
Gemination – an incomplete division of a tooth germ
Fusion – union in dentin and/or enamel between two separately developed normal teeth
Concrescence – the roots of two teeth are fused only in the cementum
fusion
gemination
Congenital anhydrotic ectodermalectodermal dysplasiadysplasia (partial or complete absence of sweat glands, wispy hair, nail defects, extensive aplasia of teeth)
Cleidocranial dysosotosis
Enamel hypoplasia
Any disturbance in tooth formation associated with macroscopic defects in the surface enamel.
Pindborg, 1990.
DDE index An epidemiological index of developmental defects of dental enamel Federation Dentaire Internationale Commision on Oral Health, Research and Epidemiology 1. White-cream opacities 2. Yellow-brown opacities 3. Hypoplastic pits 4. Hypoplastic horizontal grooves 5. Hypoplastic vertical grooves 6. Missing enamel 7. Discolored enamel
1982 Enamel hypoplasia Etiological factors
A. Inherited B. Aquired, environmental
1.1. Systemic:Systemic: 2.2. Local:Local: Birth trauma, birth Trauma to developing teeth prematurity Local infections Infections Irradiation Nutrition disorders Ankylosis of primary teeth Metabolic diseases Chemicals
Rachitis
discoloration
enamel hypoplasia
Enamel hypoplasia
Amelogenesis imperfecta
Amelogenesis imperfecta
Amelogenesis imperfecta
Epidermolysis bullosa
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