March 4, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5173 PETITIONS, ETC. 46. Also, petition of the General Staff, Mili­ tary Order of the World Wars, Washington, tary Order of the World Wars, Washington, D.C., relative to the United Nations; to the Under clause 1 of rule XXII, petitions D.C., relative to national security; to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. . and papers were laid on the Clerk's desk Committee on Armed Services. 49. Also, petition of the General Staff, Mili­ tary Order of the World Wars, Washington, 47. Also, petition of the General Staff, Mili­ and referred as follows: D.C., relative to the Panama Canal; to the 45. By the SPEAKER: Petition of the Gen­ tary Order of the World Wars, Washington, Committee on Foreign Affairs. eral Staff, Mil!.tary Order of the World Wars, D.C., relative to U.S. military superiority 50. Also, petition of the General Staff, Mili­ Washington, D.C., relative to military appro­ over the U.S.S.R.; to the Committee on Armed tary Order of the World Wars, Washington, priations; to the Committee on Appropri­ Services. D.C., relative to Rhodesian chrome; to the ations. 48. Also, petition of the General Staff, Mili- Committee on Foreign Affairs.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS JAYCEES HONOR COHEN AS ONE in history-forces beyond our control deter­ win, but it is Inore important to win with­ mine whether we shall occupy a page or a out engaging in conduct that shows you are OF NATION'S 10 OUTSTANDING footnote in the annals of time--0r, indeed, unworthy of winning. That applies in sports, YOUNG MEN whether we shall slip through life's hour scholastics, politics or life itself. glass without note or notice except that of There are many lessons to be found in our family or a few friends. Watergate but perhaps they were all ex­ HON. JOHN B. ANDERSON An incredible concatenation of events and pressed by Jeb Magruder, a bright, handsome, OF ll.LINOIS force of circumstance beyond anticipation ambitious young man on the move who last IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES placed me in a position to pass judgment year was sentenced to serve ten months to Monday, March 3, 1975 upon the highest elected official in the four years in a federal ='enitentiary. United States. It was a responsibllity that I He said in a very emotional statement be­ Mr. ANDERSON of Illinois. Mr. Speak­ did not seek, but one from which I could fore the court "Judge, I am sorry. My am­ er, for nearly four decades, the U.S. Jay­ not retreat. bition obscured my judgment. 1: lost my cees have annually extended special rec­ There are many lessons to be drawn from moral compass-and now :i: must look into that experience known as Watergate--what the eyes of my wife and see her pain, the ognition to 10 outstanding young men as President Ford called our "long national eyes of my children and see their confu­ examples of the important contributions nightmare." sion and the faces of my fellowman and see that young persons can make in today's One lesson would be that our elected offi­ their contempt. But America. will survive her world. cials should never forget that in a democ­ Jeb Magruders and her Watergates." And this The criteria the judges have used over racy, dissent and opposition is not only de­ same statement may be said for Egil Krogh, the years to select candidates for this sirable, it is indispensable. To seek unanimity Gordon Strachan, Richard Kleindienst, honor include extraordinary perform­ of thought and action is the hallmark of a Charles Colson and a host of other young ance over an extended period of time; fascist state, not a free one. Moreover, there men who in the pursuit of some thought selfless devotion to a cause, principle, or is a lesson for the American people that we to be a lofty goal, lost their moral com­ must demand and insist upon access to facts passes, forgot that there are rules that duty, or a single act of courage or bold and information and not rely upon pious must be obeyed, forgot that there were leadership. pronouncements from government officials judges, forgot that "winning isn't every­ The list of men chosen for this recog­ and agencie.s; that we must insist upon an thing, not if it comes at the cost of engaging nition-all must be 35 or younger at the end to secrecy and demand strict account­ in conduct that shows you're unworthy of time-reads like a "Who's Who" of ability; that we must never again tolerate winning." America's leadership. Last week, at their any public official to wrap himself in the Louis Kronenberger wrote over 20 years ago 39th annual awards convention in Tulsa, mantle of his office and engage in the sophis­ that "the trouble with us in America isn't Okla., the Jaycees honored the 10 Out­ try that the destiny of this country is di­ that the poetry of life has turned to prose, rectly dependent upon his future success but that it has turned to advertising copy." standing Young Men of 1974. I am and survival. We failed to heed his words "because what we pleased to report that among the recipi­ I spoke to a group in Boston recently and witnessed was the revelation that our true ent.5 was our distinguished colleague someone asked me, "How do we prevent values were nearly subverted by single­ from Maine, Representative WILLIAM S. Watergate from happening again." There ls minded men whose concern was not with COHEN. no guarantee against the future abuse of truth but public relations or public reactions BILL COHEN was selected for the cou­ power. There is no vestment, no statutory or playing in Peoria and we were fed a steady rageous and outstanding work he per­ web of regulations that we could weave that diet of advertising copy and synthetics that formed during a very difficult period last could possibly insulate men and women in nearly corroded our constitution. positions of power from the temptations and If I had to sum up my experience from year on the Judiciary Committee. The subtle assaults aga.inst their integrity or pub­ this extraordinary process, I would turn to judges noted of BILL that-- lic trust. But it is important to recognize that the familiar maxim that ideals without tech­ In an era when many Americans have be­ the overconcentration of power in one branch nique is a mess; but technique without come disillusioned with politics, William S. of government, the reduction of public de­ ideals is a menace. Cohen's record of integrity, achievement and bate and congressional participation in the I must add one final note about Watergate. concerns shows an unusually deep devotion decisionmaking process, the absence of open­ I know it is popular or fashionable today to to the process of making the system work. ness and accountability, insures the inevi­ be pessimistic, disillusioned or disenchanted In the course of accepting this award, tability of error and abuse. with our political system or with our govern­ And beyond the realm of politics, I believe mental institutions and to point to Water­ BILL o:fl'ered a number of cogent remarks there are some lessons for each of us. gate as a justification for our negativism or about the nature of our political system, I recall that when I was campaigning for mortification of the soul, but I look upon which I now o:fl'er for insertion in the Congress I spoke at an assembly at a high this experience as revealing something very RECORD: school in Maine. A young and rather cynical strong and positive about our country, our ACCEPTANCE ADDRESS young lady asked me why did my campaign people and our principles. We, like the people (By Representative WILLIAM s. COHEN} literature mention the fact that I had played in any other nation, have the moral deficien­ It is an honor for me to stand before you basketball. I remember pausing and finally cies and the mortal capacity to do wrong. tonight as one of the . recipients of the saying, "perhaps it's nothing, but to me it But unlike most other people in many other Jaycees Outstanding Young Men of America. was everything because it was an important nations, we have the will and perhaps more I realize that my participation on the part of my life where I learned some im­ importantly, we have the freedom, to do House Judiciary Committee in large part mutable principles. That there were rules to what is right. There is no other country that accounts for my presence here tonight. I be followed, discipline that had to be im­ could undertake to surgically expose the ills would like to think that my activities in law posed, referees or judges who would call foul and evils which atllict it and then undertake and public service before or beyond the im­ if I violated those rules-but most of all the to expurgate those evils in living color be­ peachment hearings would be deemed worthy joy of clean competition, of the struggle, the fore the very eyes of the world. of your honor, but as Justice Holmes might sweet rewards of victory, the bitter taste Ours is the first real republic in the his­ say, "We cannot live our dreams and perhaps and disappointment of defeat, the whole tory of the world. Beneath our fiag, the peo­ it is enough 1f we can give a sample of our range of experiences that each of us will come ple are free, the press 1s free. Here there are best and know 1n our hearts that it has been to know in a lifetime. no wans to keep us from leaving 1f we should nobly done." And these lessons have been of great aid to choose to do so. No export fees or lmm1gra• U~ortunately, we cannot pick our places me because I learned that it is important to tion fees on people. There 1s no Iron curtain 5174 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 4, 1975 around our borders, no shroud to hide the billion borrowing statistic. But regarding it, we're headed toward a first-class disaster." sight of oppression. No secret police to whisk this $111 billion figure, remember the ad­ But that is the American way. If you're going, us off in the night without a full and fair ministration's borrowing statistic rests on go first-class, even if where you're going is public hearing. the ... absurd assumption that this liberal just deeper into debt. And we should stop and think about it, Congress is going to cut $5.9 billion this year Debt, too, ts as American as frozen apple that one of the greatest signs of our freedom and $17 billion next year from social pie garnished with a slice of processed is that when you hear a knock upon the door programs. cheese. at 4 o'clock in the morning, you can be Richard Whalen, a private international pretty sure it is the milkman. The "real" deficit, Mr. Will argues, will consultant and one of Washingtons most And let me conclude by suggesting that I be $150 to $170 billion. How many Amer­ respected economic thinkers, asks: What has have adopted as a motto the words that are icans really believe that such deficit been the secret of our remarkable recent inscribed on the national archives-all that spending will ease-and not exacerbate­ prosperity? And Whalen answers himself: is past is prologue. our current difficulties? Hopefully, their "In a word: debt. Debt so unimaginably When a lady asked a cab driver what that number is few. Many, however, are not large in the private sector and public sec­ meant he said, "Lady, you ain't seen nothing aware of this reality. tors alike-some $2.5 trillion, according to yet." the latest count-that the idea of ever pay­ I wish to share with my colleagues the ing off any substantial pa.rt of it is unthink­ column by George Will which appeared able. McGraw-Hill's economists recently in the Washington Post of February 8, totted up the categories: $1 trillion in cor­ THE ESTIMATED "REAL" DEFICIT rs 1975, and insert it into the RECORD at · porate debt, $600 billion in mortgage debt, $150 TO $170 BILLION this time: $500 billion in U.S. government debt, $200 ESTIMATED "REAL" DEFICIT: $150-170 BILLION billion in state and loc11.l government debt, and $200 billion in consumer debt. Merely (By George F. Will) to pay the interest due this year, they calcu­ HON. PHILIP M. CRANE "America's wealth is mortgaged. The debt lated, would take a sum more than one third OF ll.LINOIS load is excessive. Federal borrowing over the the GNP of the next biggest capita.list econ­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES next 18 months could be the ton of bricks omy, Japan." that splinters the camel's already sprained America's wealth is mortgaged. The debt Monday, March 3, 1975 back." load is excessive. Federal borrowing over Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, the idea that Texas congressman George Mahon, lean the next 18 months could be the ton of and leathery as a horsewhip, looks like a bricks that splinters the camel's already unemployment and recession can be cor­ cowboy carved from cactus. The crow's-feet a sprained back. This borrowing will abort any rected by pursuing policy of increased a.round the outer corners of his eyes come recovery by sending interest rates soaring, deficit spending and increased inflation not from squinting down a carbine at rus­ devastating the housing industry, and dry­ is an illusion which is all too popular tlers, but from squinting at long trails of ing up the pool of long-term investment cap­ among many in the Congress. large numbers in small print. ital, the muscle-building protein of the Those who advocate such an approach Ma.hon's service as chairman of the House American economy. overlook the fact that unemployment Appropriations Committee has made him We have borrowed against the future, and and recession are caused by inflation gifted at the arcane art of reading federal now the future is bearing down on us. Bye, budgets, and steeped him in his wisdom: bye, American pie. and, as a consequence, can hardly be there are three kinds of lies-lies, damned ameliorated by the same factor. lies, and statistics. The economist, Henry Hazlitt, Points The Ford administration, through its new out that what the advocates of inflation budget, suggests that the government will do not realize until it is too late: need to borrow $87 billion in the next 18 FEDERAL EMPLOYEES' COST"'OF­ months. Mahon has squinted at that statistic LIVING DIFFERENTIALS Is that market prices and costs are all rising unevenly, discordantly, and even dis­ and declared that it is, well, a statistic. He ruptively. Price and cost relationships be­ says that actual borrowing will be between $150 billion and $170 billion. HON. BENJAMIN S. ROSENTHAL come increasingly discoordinated. In an in­ OF NEW YORK creasing number of industries profit margins The administration's $87 billion figure is are being wiped out, sales are declining, the sum of projected deficits-$34.7 and $51.9 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES billion-for the current and next (1976) losses are setting in, and huge layoffs a.re Tuesday, March 4, 1975 taking place. Unemployment in one line is fiscal years. But Ma.hon notes that "off beginning to force unemployment in others. budget" federal a.gencies--the Export-Im­ Mr. ROSENTHAL. Mr. Speaker, more port Bank, the Postal Service, and a host of than half of the 2.8 million civil serv­ All this is the consequence of inflation others-will dip their large ladles into the ants employed by the Federal Govern­ in its later stages. Mr. Hazlitt notes capital market to borrow $13.7 billion this ment live and work in major metropoli­ that- year and more than $10 billion next year. So add $24 billion to the adminllstration's tan areas of our country. For too long, The irony is that this consequence is sys­ $87 billion borrowing statistic. But regarding they have been paid salaries with little tematically misinterpreted. The real trouble, this $111 billion figure, remember that the consideration given to the real cost of everybody begins to think, is that there is not administration's borrowing statistic rests living in those areas. To establish a more enough inflation; it must by all means be on the patently absurd assumption that this speeded up. equitable system, I am introducing legis­ liberal Congress is going to cut $5.9 biUion lation that would provide a special cost The current budget, and the additions this year and $17 billion next year from so­ of living pay schedule containing in­ to it which many in the Congress are cial programs, the perpetual expansion of which is the raison d'etre of liberalism. creased pay rates for these 1.6 million considering, will increase our inflation So add $23 billion to the $111 billion. But Federal employees in areas of half mil­ rate dramatically. As a result, the effect federal borrowing can be held to $134 billion lion or more population to offset the of the budget will be to drive up even only if Congress accepts Mr. Ford's program extraordinary cost of urban living. further into recession and, as one conse­ for raising as well as cutting some taxes. The purpose of this legislation is to quence, increase the rate of unemploy­ Assume, for the foolish fun of it, that Con­ equalize Federal employees' income in ment. gress cuts taxes no more than Mr. Ford terms of real dollars, that is, buying rt is essential that those who advocate wants. And assume, plausibly, that Congress to l'efuses the tax increases Mr. Ford wants, power. Since it costs more support such reckless spending understand the such as those on natural gas and imported the identical standard of living in a ma­ real nature of what they are supporting. oil. jor metropolitan area than it does in a When the administration speaks of the Then, Mahon says, the deficits will in­ nonmetropolltan community, paycheck current budget as containing a deficit crease by $4.3 billion this year and $19 bil­ comparability cannot be determined by of $84 billion it is speaking only of the lion next year. Mahon whose wit is as arid mere quantity of dollars. Rather we must current and next fiscal years. Columnist as the dust bowl, notes: "The history of look at the purchasing power of that George Will points out that "off-budget" recent tax legislation would tend to suggest paycheck. The thrust of this bill is to Federal agencies, such as the Export­ this possibility." equalize the real dollar income of Gov­ Import Bank and the PQstal Service and So add $23 billion to the $134 billion. Then ernment workers doing the same job in others "will dip their large ladles into to the $157 billion add a little something­ different parts of the country. sa.y $5 billion-to allow for this providential the capital market to borrow $13.7 billion fact: Congress cannot go a full year without Private industry and many State gov­ this year and more than $10 billion next inventing a costly new social program. ernments already pay higher salaries and year." Digging out from under Ma.hon's brim­ wages to employees in large cities than Discussing the real deficits which lie stone shower of facts, Rep. Robert Michel of they do for the same kind of work in ahead, Mr. Will writes that we must: Illinois, the Republican Whip, exclaimed: other areas where living costs are not as Add $24 billion to the Administration's $87 "Unless we in Congress do something about high. Private industry has a policy which March 4, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5175 takes the cost of living aspect into con­ GS-1 appointee starts at $5,294; a GS- some places pays more than public em­ sideration when establishing pay scales. 2 appointments pay $5,996; a GS-3 salary ployment. An employee may transfer to New York is $6, 764. By comparison, a family of Increased salaries through regional City from another part of the country four on welfare in New York City, as differentials would not only be more equi­ and automatically receive a 10 to 20 per­ noted above, receives the equivalent of table to Federal employees, but would be cent increase in pay, even though he con­ $5,736 a year. of great benefit to the Government as tinues to do the same kind of work. A The employes classified in the higher well. If the Federal Government paid its typist, file clerk, laborer, or white collar grades who do receive more in salary classified workers salaries which are com­ employee of a large national corporation than they would on welfare still, in most petitive with private industry in that lo­ in New York City receives a higher salary cases receive less than the income re­ cale, it would be able to recruit and re­ or wage than his counterpart in the same quirements for a family of four to main­ tain more qualified and better trained company in other areas of the country. tain a modest standard of living. employees instead of losing them to pri­ Some State governments take similar Studies by the Labor Department's vate industry. Government service should action. For example, the State of New Bureau of Labor Statistics show the typi­ not be viewed as a training ground for York pays employees who work in New cal family of four needs $7,626 to main­ more lucrative jobs in the private sector; York City a higher salary than those tain a lower budget level in a small city, it should be considered as a career occu­ State workers with comparable jobs in but about $1,000 more for the same pation. other parts of the State where the cost standard of living in New York City, Under my legislation, the Civil Service of living is not so great. In recognition Washington, D.C., San Francisco, Chi­ Commission would establish a special cost of the higher cost of living in New York cago, Los Angeles, Boston, Honolulu, or of living pay schedule for employees and City, municipal salaries of the city em­ Seattle. positions located in metropolitan areas ployees rank among the highest in the The starting salary for a GS-1 ap­ with a population of 500,000 or more. country. pointment, which is a clerical job, is More than half of all Federal employees We are the Nation with the highest~ $5,294-some $2,000 below BLS's lower would be affected by this measure. standard of living in the world. Fifty-five budget level for smaller cities and $3,000 Mr. Speaker, this legislation has been percent of the Federal Government's 2.8 below the level for large metropolitan endorsed by the American Federation of million employees live in metropolitan areas. Government Employees, one of the major areas of a half-million or more popula­ In fa.ct, even a GS-5, who must have 4 years of college or equivalent experi­ unions representing Federal workers; by tion and yet many of these employees the AFL-CIO through its New York City are paid salaries which are less than ence, would not reach the minimum they could receive if they collected wel­ budget for most large cities. His start­ Labor Council; and by the National Fed­ fare. For example, a Government cleri­ ing pay is $8,500. That, however, is above eration of Federal Employees. cal worker living in New York City--or the small city requirement. I include the following: anywhere else in the country-receives This same relative disadvantage for FAMILY OF 4, BUDGET REQUIREMENTS 1 an annual income of $5,294. By contrast, big city workers holds true across-the­ a New York City welfare recipient re­ board. Tnter- ceives the equivalent of $5,736 annually. The mid-level civil servant, the GS-9, Lower mediate Higher Every other national employer has re­ needs a master's degree, a law degree or solved this issue. comparable experience. Starting pay is All U.S. cities ______$8, 181 $12, 626 $18, 201 Evidence of the necessity for this leg­ $12,841. That is several hundred dollars Cities 2,500 to 50,000 ______7, 626 11, 363 15, 708 islation can be found in job actions by below the intermediate budget level for Cities 50,000 and up ______8,305 12, 909 18, 760 the average large city and even further Federal employees seeking higher pay, 2 GS-1 a GS-9 most notably postal workers, who are no below what is needed in New York, Wash­ 'GS-13 longer covered by the Civil Service pay ington, D.C., Boston, Chicago, Philadel­ Starting Federal pay ______5, 294 12, 841 21, 816 schedules as a result of the Postr.l Reor­ phia, and San Francisco. But, it is more ganization Act. Actions such as these than $1,500 over and above the small city 1 Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics. were centered in the big cities and high requirements. 2 GS-3 is starting pay for clerical workers with no experience, 3 GS-9 is a middle-lever managerial position that requires a cost of living areas. To maintain a higher budget level, the master's degree or equivalent experience. Elsewhere, workers seem more satis­ family of four would need $15,708 in a ' GS- 11 is a senior level Government worker. fied with Federal pay scales. In fact, in city of 50,000 or fewer, but in a metropoli­ many rural and suburban areas, Federal tan area like New York City that figure NEW YORK CITY 2 salaries are actually higher than State is $22,000. However, a senior level civil and local government and private indus­ servant, GS-13, starts at $21,816. As you Inter- try pay for similar work. can see, that is more than enough to live Lower mediate Higher There is some indication, however, that very comfortably in a small city, but it the Federal Government is aware of the is still inadequate in large metropolitan Family of 4 budget level______$8, 661 $14, 448 $21, 999 problem. Per diem rates for civil servants areas. are larger when they visit certain large The figures and the charts I am in­ GS-1 GS-9 GS-13 cities, in recognition of the higher costs serting following these remarks clearly Starting Federal pay______5, 294 12, 841 21, 816 there. In addition, eligibility standards show the disadvantage our current civil Welfare family of 4______15, 736 ------for the school lunch program permit service pay system puts on the 1.6 million higher income levels in urban industrial Government employees who live and 1 Metropolitan area population: 9,944,000, Federal workers centers than in rural nonindustrial areas. work in the Nation's large cities. 106,329. 2 Mayor's office. This figure represents the cash equivaleut Under current Federal pay scales, a As we have seen, public assistance in of the annual welfare payment. 12 MAJOR CONCENTRATIONS OF FEDERAL WORKERS

Family of 4 budget2 Federal Consumer ------­ Metropolitan area workers Population price index 1 Lower Intermediate Higher

Washington, D.C ______------______------______New York City ______316, 017 2, 999, 000 3 156.1 8, 547 13, 043 18, 869 Philadelphia ______: ______106, 329 9, 944, 000 161. 7 8, 661 14, 448 21, 999 Chicago ______76, 735 4, 878, 000 159. 2 8, 415 13, 022 18, 851 71, 477 7, 085, San Francisco ______------______000 153. 2 8,635 13, 213 18, 919 Los Angeles ______. ______. ______69, 417 3, 132, 000 152.1 8, 939 13, 378 19, 316 65, 867 7, 000, 000 150.0 8, 525 12, 520 18, 489 Boston __ -·· ______------______36, 903 3, 417, 000 4153. 0 8,988 14, 893 21, 986 St. Louis ______. ______------__ 35, 432 2, 400, 000 148.6 Detroit______------______8,056 12, 390 17, 691 29, 958 4,489, 000 156. 2 8, 246 12, 810 18, 591 Honolulu ______------______24, 940 660, 000 148. 2 9,924 14, 937 21, 901 Pittsburgh ______------______19, 208 2, 396, 000 '152. 3 8,00Z 12,299 17, 703 Seattle ______------_------______----- 17, 131 l, 400, 000 • 147. 9 8,407 12,667 17, 924

1 December 1974 figures unless otherwise noted. a November 1974. 2 Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics. •October 1974. 5176 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Mar-ch 4, 1975 FEDERAL CIVILIAN EMPLOYMENT IN METRO AREAS OF Ford began his message to the Congress and and House members have been critical of 500,000 AND MORE the nation for 1975. many of the President's proposals to invigo­ It was a straightforward talk, refreshing In rate the economy, but there is broad agree­ Federal Popula. its honesty, about realistic problems and ment that the nation does need a tax reduc­ Metropolitan workers ti on goals. President Ford had bad news, he re­ tion at this time. The program put forward ported it, and he expressed the widely shared by the House Democrats does not directly Akron, Ohio ______.; 2, 562 682, 00() confidence that the state of the union, while conflict with the President's economic pro­ Albany-Schntdy.-Troy, N.Y _ _ _ _ _ 9, 510 793, 000 bad, would get better. grams, although the Democrats were not suf­ Allntn.-Beth.-Eastn., Pa.-N.J ______.; 2, 154 608, 000 The President proposed a number of steps ficiently precise to make exact comparisons. Anaheim-St An-Gar Gr, Calif______.; 8, 518 1, 527, 000 to overcome our economic problems: Atlanta, Ga ______.; 30, 376 1, 684, 000 Because of the need for stimulus now, it is Baltimore, Md______54, 571 A 12% in:Hvidual income tax rebate up to probably more important to get some kind Birmingham, Ala __ ------8, 499 2.m:&&& a $1,000 limit with cash payments to those of tax cut through the Congress, than any Boston, Mass______36, 903 3, 417, 000 Buffalo, N.Y ______10, 145 who pay no taxes on low income; particular kind of cut, although there is 1, 353, 000 Reduced personal income tax rates for 1975 much agreement that the reductions should Chicago, llL _ ------71, 477 7, 085, 000 Cincinnati, Ohio-Ky.-lnd ______.; 13, 683 1, 391, 000 and afterward; be weighted in favor of low income groups. Cleveland, Ohio ______.; 20, 861 2,046,000 An increase in the investment tax credit The key question, however, is not the Columbus, Ohio ______.; 12, 144 1, 058, 000 against business income taxes; soundness of the President's economics. It is Dallas-Fort Worth, Tex______27, 265 2,446, 000 857, 000 A corporate income tax reduction from whether his policy will generate a renewal g:~~~~: ~~/~=::::=::::::::::::::: ~~: ~~~ 1, 320,000 48% to42%; of confidence in the government and in the Detroit. Mich ______.; 29, 958 4 A one year hold on all new federal spend­ economy which will make the average Ameri­ Fort Lauderdale-Holwd., Fla ______.; 3, 178 ' ~~:888 ing programs; and can spend, rather than save. Gary-Ham.-EastChicago, Ind ______.; 1, 958 644, 000 Grand Rapids, Mich ______.; 2, 326 549, 000 A 5% ceiling on social security and federal Grboro.-Wins.-Sa1.-H. Pl, N.c ______.; 4, 140 745, 000 pay increases in 1975. THE PRESIDENT'S ENERGY PROGRAM: Hartford, Conn ______.; 6, 017 834, 000 Apart from the vast economic stakes in­ EorroR's NoTE: This is the second of two re­ Honolulu, HawaiL _ ------24, 940 660, 000 volved, President Ford has gambled his po­ Houston, Tex______18, 742 2, 124, 000 ports on the State of the Union Address. Indianapolis, Ind______16, 906 1, 128, 000 litical future on the success of his program. There is no shortage of oil. Oil is readily Jacksonville, Fla______11, 243 636,000 It ls obvious that he has undergone a re- • available from foreign countrles--but at ar­ Jersey City, N. v______8, 606 611, 000 markable turnaround in the direction of his bitrarily high prices, which is causing a mas­ Kansas City, Mo.-Kans ______.; 22, 727 1, 304, 000 Los Angeles-long Beach, Calif ____ .; 65,867 economic policy. Instead of asking for a sur­ sive outflow of dollars to the oil producing Louisville, Ky.-lnd ______.; 10, 373 1.ggg: g3g tax and urging citizens to be prudent budget countries and a a risk of increasing our vul­ Memphis, Tenn.-Ark______14, 852 848, 000 cutters and tight-fisted consumers, he now nerability to severe economic disruption if 1 1, 331, 000 encourages them to get out there and spend, another oil embargo should be imposed. 1, 423, 000 Minneapolis-St~:r:i;u:!!~wr;_::::======:::::::~ Paul, Minn ______.; 18,~: 318~~ armed with rebated tax dollars. To discourage consumption and encourage Nashville, Tenn______7, 496 l,~~:&88 The President should be credited, not production of oil, the President has proposed New Orleans, la______12, 873 1, 077, 000 criticized, for the courage to change his pol­ a number of d11ferent steps: New York, N.Y ______106, 3Z9 9, 844,000 icy, but his proposals lead to several a $3 per barrel tee on imported oil, (which Newark, NJ______23, 790 2,082, 000 Norfolk-Portsmouth, Va______31, 948 729, 000 questions: the President has already ordered); Oklahoma City, Okla______31, 829 736, 000 Is the tax cut large enough to stop the a backup oil import control program to Omaha, Nebr.-lowa______8, 084 569, 000 recession and to help assure economic recov­ limit oil imports, if necessary; Patersn.-Clif.-Passaic, N.J______1, 930 464, 000 a $2 per barrel ax on domestic crude oil, Philadelphia, Pa.-N.L______76, 735 4, 878, 000 ery later this year? It is obvious that the Phoenix, Ariz______11, 003 1, 053, 000 President's most urgent priority is to prevent with an equivalent levy for natural gas; Pittsburgh, Pa______19, 208 2, 396, 000 the recession, already the worst drop in in­ a windfall profits tax on the profits of do­ Portland, Oreg.-Wash______14, 874 dustrial production in this country since mestic oil producers; Prov.-Paw.-Warwck., R.1.-Mass ____ .; 8, 934 1, ~~~: g3g Richmond, Va______9, 560 553, 000 WWII, from becoming a depression. The the decontrol of domestic oil and gas Rochester, N.Y ______5, 567 969, 000 President's figure of a net $16 billion tax prices; Sacramento, CaliL ______.; 26, 533 851, 000 reduction and stimulus is close to the middle deferred clean air standards for power St Louis, Mo.-111 ______.; 35, 432 2, 400, 000 of the $10 to $20 billion cut advocated by plant and automobile emissions; Salt Lake City, Utah______33, 585 744, 000 San Antonio, Tex______38, 588 937, 000 most non-governmental economists, but he expanded leasing of oil and gas tracts on San Bern.-River-Ont., Calit______.; 12, 652 1, 179, 000 proposes record peacetime budget deficits the outer continental shelf and leasing of San Diego, Calif______33, 213 1, 443, 000 for this and next year that would run the red coal on public lands; San Francisco-Oakld., Calif ______.; 69, 417 3, 132,000 ink total to about $80 billion. the commercial sale of oil from naval San Jose, Calif______.; 9., 579 1, 127, 000 reserves; SeaWe-Everett, Wash ___ - ______.; 17 131 Those massive deficits raise several ques­ Sprng.-Chicopee-Holy, Mass.-Conn__ 4, 244 l,~:88& tions: Are they too big for the economy to measures to aid electric utilities, eg. in­ Syracuse, N.Y ______.; 4, 920 643, 000 bear? Some officials fear that they will gen­ vestment tax credits and state utility com- Tampa-St. Petersburg, Fla _____ .; __ .; 9, 778 mission reform; · Toledo, Ohio-Mich ______.; 3, 348 1.m:&&& erate a new round of infiatlon, and that fi­ Washington, D.C ______.; 316, 017 nancing them will cause serious problems in expedited nuclear power plant siting and Youngstown-Warran, Ohio ______.; 2, 150 2.m:ggg the nation's capital markets. Other officials licensing; --~~~~~~~- autombile, building, and home appliance Tot aL ______1 1, 631, 084 ______.; agree that deficits in a recession are not in­ :flationa.ry because they restore jobs and pur­ energy conservation measures; and chasing power. The President is trying to re­ energy emergency preparedness programs. 1 This figure represent~ ~5.2 pe_rcent of 2!86_4,987 total Federal verse not just a year long recession, but he is The basic approach of the President's pro­ employees listed by the C1v1l Service Comm1ss1on as of November trying to stop the forces of recession already posal is to force prices up in the hope of 1974. seriously underway in other parts of the holding consumption down. Everyone agrees world. that a reduction in the level of oil imports is Another question is whether the new essential in order to maintain a steady and LEE HAMILTON'S RECENT WASH­ spending power is being pumped into the healthy growth in the economy. The Presi­ INGTON REPORTS ON THE PRES­ economy at the right time. The mechanism dent wants to cut back 1 million barrels a IDENT'S STATE OF THE UNION used to put the money back into the eco­ day from what the U.S. would otherwise im­ ADDRESS nomy is vital. The President suggests a device port in the next twelve months and two mil­ we have not used before--the rebate. No one lion from what it would import by the begin­ can be sure just what the impact of the re­ ning of 1978. The merit of his proposal is that bate device will be on consumer spending, it is at last and at least a comprehensive HON. LEE H. HAMILTON package that ends more than a year of back­ OF INDIANA but economists generally take the view that the quicker the stimulus, the better it wlll ing and filling by both the President and the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES be. Congress. Tuesday, March 4, 1975 The rebate would come in a double dose, in There is much disagreement within the May and in September, to insure against the Congress about the President's energy pro­ Mr. HAMILTON. Mr. Speaker, under posals. There ls agreement that his proposals recession hitting bottom in the spring or will be inflationary, but little agreement the leave to extend my remarks in the will as summer, but there not be a quick re­ to how inflationary. The President's advisors RECORD, I include my recent Washington covery. Also, making the payment 1n two have estimated a 2% increase in the cost of Reports discussing President Ford's state bites means that the Treasury will not have living because of the President's energy pro­ of the Union address: to go into the money markets to borrow a huge $12 billion sum in a very short period posals alone, and others have suggested a THE PRESIDENT'S ECONOMIC PROGRAM 4% addition. There is disagreement about of time, as would be the case if the whole the impact of the President's energy pro­ EDITOR'S NOTE: This 1s the first of two re­ amount were paid in May. ports on the State of the Union Address. posals on the standard of living Americans; What the Congress will do with the Presi­ whether, for example, the proposed tax re­ After listening to several State of the dent's economic program is another major ductions to stimulate the economy will bal­ Union Addresses, I never thought I would question. It is reasonably clear that the Con­ ance off the average increases in energy costs hear a President say, "The State of the Union gress will enact, and the President will ap­ which consumers must pay. Estimates of the is not good," but that ls the way President prove, a sizeable tax cut. Influential Senators net outflow of funds from the economy due March 4, 19~5 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5177 to higher energy costs vary from $3 billion Building and Construction Trades Coun­ the benefit of his employees and for the to $25 billion. cil. betterment of the Dayton community of There is also disagreement as to whether He was active with the March of Dimes which he was such an integral part. or not these increases will in fact reduce and served on the boards of Goodwill In­ Upon his retirement from active civic consumption. Most knowledgeable oil ob­ life, I take this opportunity to salute servers suggest that President Ford's plan dustries and of HemisFair 1968-the would reduce U.S. consumption, but not world's fair which I was instrumental in the lifelong efforts of this unique and nearly as much as the President predicts. bringing to San Antonio. public-spirited citizen. Relying on high prices to cut demand is a A veteran, he was also a member of very uncertain science. If the past 15 months the American Legion and the Veterans are any guideline, another 10 cents at the of Foreign Wars. gas pump will do no more than keep gasoline The late President Lyndon B. Johnson WAR IN THE PACIFIC ffiSTORIC consumption from rising. PARK And there are differences of view on the once sent Jack Martin as his emissary amount of reduction in imports which ls at the dedication of a dam in Pakistan. immediately necessary. Many argue that the He was a good man to represent a HON. ANTONIO BORJA WON PAT state of the economy has to take absolute President, and I was proud to count OF GUAM priority over the issues of conserving and him as a friend. paying for energy, and that it is crucial not He will be sorely missed by his friends IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to start new policies that will interfere with and community, as well as by his wife, Tuesday, March 4, 1975 the recovery of the economy. These disagreements assure that there will Alma; his sons, James and Robert; Mr. WON PAT. Mr. Speaker, today, I be tough resistance to the President's energy daughter, Mrs. Joan M. Sall, and seven am again pleased to introduce legislation proposals, more than the resistance to his grandchildren. to authorize the establishment of a War economic proposals. A resolution of the con­ in the Pacific Historic Park in the terri­ flict over the proposals is not yet in sight. tory of Guam. I am equally pleased to In view of the differences, Congress is seeking additional time to address the President's state that seven of my colleagues have ON THE RETIREMENT OF JAMES M. also agreed to lend their support to this energy proposals in an informed and re­ STUART sponsible way. measure which seeks to create a perma­ The beginning point in understanding the nent memorial to the bravery of those energy debate, which is now well underway, who fought and died in the Pacific for is that policymakers have no good choice. HON. THOMAS N. KINDNESS the United States in World War II. Any choice that is made is going to impose OF OHIO The measure we put before the House some unpleasant costs at an unfortunate IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES time. The final solutions to our energy today is similar to H.R. 16086, which was dilemma will not come soon, and for the Tuesday, March 4, 1975 introduced on July 23, 1974. Although I present, our energy policies must be limited Mr. KINDNESS. Mr. Speaker, I would had hoped the House Interior Commit­ to minimizing the inevitable cost, reducing like to take this opportunity to salute tee might have provided this measure the dislocations, and choosing the least ob­ with a hearing in the 93d Congress, our jectionable alternative. Hopefully, the Presi­ one of the outstanding corporate citi­ zens of Ohio, Mr. James M. Stuart, who bill became another casualty of the many dent and the Congress can develop a mutu­ national crises with which the Congress ally agreeable energy policy and obtain the recently announced his retirement from maximum support of the American people. active civic life. was forced to deal last year. The life of James M. Stuart is indica­ The need for this legislation to be­ tive and representative of the accomp­ come law has been a long time in the lishments that can be achieved by indus­ making. Nowhere in the Pacific is there JACK MARTIN trious and dedicated individuals. Begin­ to be found a lasting memorial by Ameri­ ning his career at the lowest rung of the cans to our brothers who fought so hard Dayton Power and Light Co. in March to defeat a difficult enemy. This point is HON. HENRY B. GONZALEZ 1923, after studying at the University of especially well remembered by two co­ OF TEXAS Cincinnati, Stuart was elevated through sponsors of this bill, Representative IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES a succession of positions culminating in RICHARD WHITE, Democrat of Texas, who served in the Pacific during the war, and Tuesday, March 4, 1975 his appointment as president and gener­ al manager of the corporating in Febru­ Representative WILLIAM KETCHUM, who Mr. GONZALEZ. Mr. Speaker, it is ary 1958. In 1963, he was designated as was with the U.S. Army during its inva­ particularly sad when a man of great president and chairman of the board of sion of Guam in 1944. Both of these fine inner strength, quiet dignity and cour­ directors, in which position he served gentlemen remember the horrors of those age, and dedication passes from this life until April 1969, when he relinquished days and I am proud that they have con­ into the next. It is sad because those of his position as president but remained as tinued their support to provide our fight­ us who are left now have a void which a highly active chairman of the board. ing men and women with the monument can never adequately be filled. Mr. Speaker, the measure of James M. they so richly deserve. It is, of course, a credit to a life that Stuart's contribution to society is not We believe that the time has come for those left would feel this way about a merely gleaned from his important cor­ America to act if we are to preserve person, but such a loss is nevertheless porate responsibilities within the Dayton those areas on Guam that were directly irreparable. Power and Light Co., but through his involved in the fierce fighting to liberate Such a person which I and others from dedicated infusion of time and effort to the island. If we do not act soon, I fear San Antonio and Texas feel this way countless civic endeavors. that private developers will overrun about is Jack Martin, who died at his James M. Stuart was a valued mem­ many of the more important sites and home in San Antonio on February 24, ber of the boardpof trustees of the Uni­ thus preclude any possibility of estab­ after suffering a heart attack several versity of Dayton, Wilberforce College lishing a meaningful park. weeks ago. He was 67 years of age. and Wilmington College. He was a trus­ The creation of the War in the Pacific He was optimistic and alert until the tee of the Charles Kettering Founda­ Park on Guam would also be of signi­ end. I talked with him just a few hours tion, a director emeritus of the Dayton ficant value to the island's tourist busi­ before he died. When I returned to Boys' Clubs, a director of junior achieve­ ness. It is ironic that 35 years after the Washington I learned that he was gone. ment of Dayton, and a director of the war, the majority of .Guam visitors are Jack Martin was a labor leader-of Dayton Philharmonic Orchestra Associ­ Japanese, many of whom either fought which the labor movement could be just­ ation. in the conflict itself or had parents who ly proud. At the time of his death he Because of his own humble beginnings, did. They want to visit old battlefield was a general organizer for the Iron James M. Stuart never lost sight of the sites as much as do those of us who Workers International Association. concerns of the ordinary worker, the took part in the combat. There is no Prior to the position, he served as backbone of any business enterprise. It question in my mind that the creation president and business manager of San was thought this specia.1 insight, Mr. of a suitable park would not only pre­ Antonio Iron Workers Union 66. He also Speaker, that James Stuart was able to serve the remaining vestiges of that served as president of the San Antonio use his important corporate positions for fierce battle on Guam in July 1944, but 5178 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 4, 19'15 would serve as an enticement to bring pital for the fire medics who will staff The a ward winning Ms. JORDAN will be thousands of visitors, hopefully, both these units. introduced at the dinner by fellow Texan, from the Orient and from the States, Commissioner Rizzo added that any Senator LLOYD BENTSEN. Another popu­ to visit our island. one requiring emergency medical care lar Texan, Liz Carpenter, will be master In recent years, the Japanese Gov­ should dial 911 and ask for "fire rescue." of ceremonies. Mary Munroe, WNDC ernment has constructed on privately After determining the nature of the case, president, will present the award. owned property on Guam a memorial to the central emergency medical dis­ honor their war dead. Is it not time for patcher will refer it to the regular fire the United States to also act to honor rescue, to the police unit, or to the new FIVE HUNDRED MILLION DOLLARS those who gave so much in their coun­ mobile intensive care emergency MORE FOR WAR IN INDOCHINA try's time of need? The proposed War in service. LACKS RATIONAL JUSTIFICATION the Pacific Park on Guam would be a fitting tribute of a grateful country. I therefore urge my colleagues in the 94th REMARKS BY HON. LINDY BOGGS HON. JOHN F. SEIBERLING ON THE ELECTION OF HON. BAR­ Congress to give this measure every con~ OF OHIO sideration possible. BARA JORDAN AS THE DEMO­ CRATIC WOMAN OF THE YEAR IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Tuesday, March 4, 1975 HON. LINDY BOGGS Mr. SEIBERLING. Mr. Speaker, the PHll.ADELPHIA ADDS SECOND MO­ OF LOU I SIANA President's request for $500 million more BILE Th""TENSIVE CARE UNIT for military aid to the corrupt and in­ I N THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES competent governments of South Viet­ Tuesday, M arch 4, 197 5 nam and Cambodia coming at a time HON. JOSHUA EILBERG Mrs. BOGGS. Mr. Speaker, for the first when he is urging the cutback of funds OF PENNSYLVANIA time in its 53 years of illustrious history for millions of poor and elderly people in IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the Woman's National Democratic Club this country simply blows the mind. An Tuesday, March 4, 1975 has held an election among its members objective person looking at the record of to name the Democratic Woman of the our involvement in Indochina in the last Mr. EILBERG. Mr. Speaker, Philadel­ Year. It is with great pleasure that I an­ decade would have to conclude that a phia's second mobile intensive care unit, nounce to the House of Representatives continuing request to pour good money providing special treatment for medical that our colleague, the Honorable BAR­ after bad could only be made for rea­ emergencies, was placed in service in my BARA JORDAN, of Texas, is the recipient of sons which have little to do with the ac­ district in Northeast Philadephia at En­ this honor. Ms. JORDAN will be honored at complishment of any realistic American gine 62, Bustleton Avenue and Bowler a dinner to be held by the club Wednes­ goal either in Southeast Asia or other Street, on Wednesday, February 26. day, March 12, as the opening event of parts of the world. The rescue unit, manned by specially the new Wax Museum at 333 E Street I remember some years ago a remark trained fire medics, is designed to pro­ SW. by a brilliant business executive, who vide on the scene advanced primary care Ms. JORDAN was selected by vote of the was brought in to reorganize and revive in such life-threatening emergencies as club's membership of over 2,000 women a large corporation which was in a fail­ a heart attack, drowning, electrocution, prominent in Democratic politics. Mem­ ing position. He succeeded. Upon being or suffocation. bers cited her exemplary conduct during asked why he had closed so many The city's first mobile intensive care the Watergate hearings of the House branches of the company's business, he unit, operating out of Engine 43, 21st Judiciary Committee as well as her suc­ replied: "You don't have to go to Har­ and Market Streets, responded to over cess in overcoming dual prejudices vard Business School to know what to 2,500 calls for assistance during its first against women and blacks in winning do with a branch that has been continu­ year of operation. election to the Texas Senate in 1966 and ally losing money." The mobile intensive care units' fire to the U.S. House of Representatives in Mr. Speaker, many excellent editorials medics undergo intensive training in the 1972. In the Texas Senate as the first and newspaper articles have been written latest techniques employed in acute cor­ black since 1883, she was unanimously recently pointing out the bankruptcy of onary care and may administer drugs elected president pro tempore. The the administration's Vietnam policy. I and electric shock, defib::.-illation, to the award winner was bo1n in Houston, at­ offer for the RECORD an editorial from the patient under direct orders from a doc­ tended public schools there and grad­ Akron Beacon Jomnal of Tuesday, Feb­ tor in the hospital. uated magna cum laude from Texas ruary 11, 1975, entitled, "Case for Viet­ These sophisticated rescue units are Southern University majoring in political nam Aid Still Lacks Substance." I also equipped with special communication science and history. She received a law offer three brilliant and informative capabilities which enable the fire medic degree from Boston University in 1959 articles by the distinguished journalist and the base station doctor to have voice and holds honorary doctor of law degrees Anthony Lewis reprinted from the New contact. This enables the fire medic to from Boston, Tufts, and Howard Uni­ York Times. The editorial and articles give vital signs and other pertinent med­ versities. In addition to the House Judi­ follow these remarks: ical information to the base station phy­ ciary Committee, Ms. JORDAN is a mem­ [From the Akron Beacon Journal, Feb. 11, sician, who in turn instructs the fire ber of the Government Operations Com­ 1975) medic as to how best treat the patient. mittee and the only woman on the Steer­ C ASE F OR VIETNAM Am STILL LACKS SUB STAN CE City Fire Commissioner Rizzo stated that inJ" and Policy Committee of the House It would be hard to find a more eloquent these mobile intensive care units differ Democratic caucus. ~ champion of the cause of continued aid to from other rescue vehicles in their spe­ As a past president of the Women's South Vietnam than James J. Kilpatrick. cialized equipment and the ability of the National Democratic Club, I am honored On the page opposite today, he has made personnel manning them. He added that to be included among the 13 Democratic all the arguments that President Ford has four additional units will be placed in women in the House who will serve as tried to make in his pleas to Congress. The service throughout the city during the essential difference is that while Mr. Ford honorary sponsors of the award dinner. cites the dollar figm•es, and now appears to coming year, under a $390,000 grant from On the evening's musical agenda are be willing to reach some sort of compromise the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, "Singing and Strumming" by Congress- with Congress, Kilpatrick gives the argu­ Princeton, N.J. man JAMES SYMINGTON and Dixieland ments with all the emotional impact that The grant was given to the Philadel­ jazz by a trio of Congressmen, including Lyndon Johnson used to try to achieve. phia Health Management Corp. to de­ RICHARDSON PREYER of North Carolina, This is precisely Kilpatrick's problem. velop an improved emergency medical and DEL CLAWSON of California, on saxo­ Though he writes as well as anyone in the trade, his case remains as bankrupt as it was communication and transportation sys­ phones, and ROBERT LEGGETT of Califor­ a decade or more ago. It shows the same lack tem for the Philadelphia community. nia, on the coronet. Music for dancing of comprehension of the realities of Vietnam The funds are being used to purchase will be provided by the Prophets, a popu­ as those from which President Johnson suf­ the additional equipment and provide lar five-piece rock, dance, and country fered. training at Philadelphia General Hos- music orchestra. He waves the red shirt of communism , just Mm·ch 4, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5179 as Mr. Johnson did in his many exhortations "veiled threats" of tough measures against curity leaders? Would we have been able to to stop the flood at the 17th parallel. North Vietnam. But they do not incidate how deal less or more effectively with our cen­ "We are not talking of 'aid to President tough. tral security concerns, in the Middle East Thieu' or of 'proposing up the corrupt and elsewhere? Thieu ad.mlnlstration,'" Kilpatrick writes, Kissinger told Dobrynin that the Nixon Secretary of State Kissinger said the other and for this much, at least, we should be administration would not hesitate to destroy day that "the overwhelming objective" of grateful. North Vietnam if necessary to preserve a non­ the United States in the truce agreement What he is talking about, he says, is "the communlst government in Saigon. He made of 1973 was not to end our role but only "to continuing struggle between freedom and clear that this was a basic American price disengage American military forces from In­ slavery," and "the faint, flickering candle for detente: The Soviets would be expected dochina and to return our prisoners." they have fought so valiantly to keep alive." to help achieve a Vietnam settlement leaving If the objective had been so limited, it That, as Kilpatrick himself is wont to say, the Saigon government in power, or at least could have been achieved years before 1973. is utter rot. Had Kilpatrick done his home­ to tolerate whatever measures the Americans But of course, it was not so limited. The work on Vietnam, or spent time there talk­ used. aim was officially described as "peace with ing to the Vietnamese people, he would That background makes clear why the honor." That meant withdrawal of U.S. forces know better. maintenance of a staunchly anti-communist while maintaining a .client government ill Except for the small mandarin class, the government in Saigon-and in Phnom Saigon. It meant, in short, winning: at last Vietnamese people know nothing more about Penh-matters so much to the secretary stopping the political process that began in democracy than they do about communism. of state. He has made it a symbol of man­ Vietnam in 1945. They were, until our massive incursion of hood in his diplomacy. For a generation, American policy has been more than 500,000 troops, a primitive, rural One striking thing about the Kissinger based on the illusion that some outside society tied not to any ideology or any form position ls how little it has to do with the force-arms, advisers, bombs, men--can re­ of government, but to the land they farmed wishes of the Vietnamese or the Combodians. make the politics of Indochina. in our image. and to the plots where their ancestors were They must go on with a war, however de­ Always, there has been the belief in "victory." buried. structive, because the end result of the poli­ All along that path of illusion and death, From 1858, when the French invaded, un­ tical alternative might weaken Henry Kis­ there were points at which American inter­ til our troops left two years ago, they have singer's diplomatic posture vis-a-vis the So­ ests-to s.ay nothing of the people of Indo­ been exploited by white foreigners and ruled viet Union. china-would have been served by letting by autocrats. They are still being ruled by an A second notable aspect is how the com­ go. autocrat and now being asked to fight the mitment to a particular outcome in Vietnam Suppose that in 1945 President Truman white ma.n's war without the white man's and Cambodia-an outcome attainable only had refused to help the French reenter Viet­ direct participation. by perpetual war--confilcts wtih the image nam, or that after 1954 we had respected If the Thieu government commands "a of himself that Kissinger conveyed over the the Geneva agreement's ban on outside in­ large measure of popular support,'' as Kil­ years to people who opposed the war. He made tervention. The most likely eventual result patrick says, why is it that in the 1968 elec­ them think that he wanted to end the fight­ would have been a nationalist-communist tion he only got 34 percent of the vote and ing and the American role in Indochina, but government in Vietnam independent of felt compelled afterwards to throw his oppo­ that he had to contend with hawkish ele­ Chin.a and the Soviet Union and generally nents in jail? ments inside the administration. helpful to stability. As late as 1963 North Why do his soldiers fight? Because it is a These ls a third striking thing about Kis­ Vietnam was ready to settle for a separate, job in a land where a generation of war has singer's decision, so fateful for the people of nonaligned but non-communist South. But made the traditional job of farming all but Indochina and the United States, to make the American government said no and went impossible. That, and the fact that the con­ Vietnam his symbol of strength. He made on pursUing the mirage of military victory. sequences of refusal have been shown to be the decision without consulting Congress-or Madmen now are planting bombs in or­ indefinite prison terms, tiger cages or death. even informing it of his true thinking. der, they say, to change American policy in In his memoirs, in case Kilpatrick has for­ Indochina.. But the way to change au unrea­ gotten, President Eisenhower wrote that, He complains about legisltaion restricting his freedom of action. But Congress has ob­ soning policy is by reason-and there is, had the unified free elections guaranteed by viously been driven to that by its feeling that no shortage of that if Congress resists ma­ the Geneva Accord been held as scheduled in nipulation and fear. 1954, Ho Chi Minh would have won more this secretary of state, more than any in memory, secretly commits the country to In a television interview the other night than 80 percent of the vote. Ho Chi Minh is an NBC reporter asked President Ford, dead now, but his goals are not. doubtful propositions. The great mystery is why Henry Kissinger "How much longer and how deep does our The United States tried for more than a commitment go to the South Vietnamese?" decade, at a cost of more than 55,000 lives and with all the important things he had and has to do for this country, chose to make The President said: $100 million, to "win the minds and hearts "I don't think that there is any long­ of the people" of Vietnam. No foreign soldiers a symbol of Vietnam, the graveyard of re­ putations. In any event, the time has come term commitment. As a matter of fact, the were involved on the other side. Our oppo­ American ambassador there, Graham Mar­ nents were Vietnamese, fighting for the right for Congress to see that American civiliza­ tion ls not symbolized by endless war in tin • • . thinks that if adequate dollars to have their own country. which are translated into arms and economic Did our soldiers lie and was our money Indochina. squandered in vain? That is what both Kil­ aid-if that was made available, that within two or three years the South Vietnamese patrick and Mr. Ford seem to be asking now. 0FFICIA.LS SEEM DETERMINED To REPEAT VIET would be over the hump ..." And the answer is: No, unless we now re­ MrsTAK.ES peat the mistakes of the 1960s. What that war (By Anthony Lewis) should have taught us is that we have neithel' OR SUSTENANCE FOR WAR? the right nor the power to tell other people BosToN.-Anyone aware of what American how their country should be run. We have leaders said on our way into Vietnam must (By Anthony Lewis) no right to impose our will on a nation which have a sense, these days, of reliving the past. WASHINGTON .-A letter from Saigon: The has fought so long to be free of us. But it is not the pleasurable nostalgia of writer says he is amazed at the American Proust. For what is familiar ls the self-de­ If they did not die in vain, Congress will debate on aid to Vietnam. The argument ception, the confusion of objectives. refuse to appropriate more money so that seems to be all about war, he says-about more men may die. "We cannot turn our backs on these em­ arms to help President Thieu fight the com­ battled countries," President Ford has just munists for years more. Does no one in Amer­ HENRY'S CAUSE IN VIETNAM said. "U.S. unwillingness ot provide assist­ ica think of politics instead of war? Does ance to allies fighting for their lives would (By Anthony Lewis) no one realize that even "rightists" in South seriously affect our credibility throughout Vietnam now want Thieu out of office so WASHINGTON.-Why is Henry Kissinger so the world. And this credibility is essential to a deal can be negotiated with the com­ determined to hold back the process of polit­ our national security." munists and the fighting ended? ical change and accommodation in South Credibility. Nine years ago the late John T. "Why isn't Kissinger doing anything to­ Vietnam-a. process that even rightwing McNaughton, assistant secretary of defense, ward a political solution?" he asks. "Is this Vietnamese want to begin? Why does he sup. said in a secret memorandum that our ob­ his 'decent interval'-a useless massacre?" port President Thieu in his refusal to carry jective in Vietnam was not "to save a friend" There is a short answer to those anguished out the political terms of the 1973 peace but "to avoid humiliation" ourselves. Before questions. American policy focuses on war in agreement? his death he well knew how we had damaged Vietnam, and feeds it, because Henry Kis­ The answer goes back to the winter of 1969, ourselves in that false pursuit. Can anyone singer would rather have war than any visi­ when Kissinger ca.me to Washington as Presi­ stlll believe that hanging on in Indochina ble political alternative. dent Nixon's assistant. One of the first things has enhanced the world's belie! in Ameri­ It is a surprising and a serious thing to he did was to discuss Vietnam in a series of can strength and our ability to use it wisely? say that an American secretary of state is secret meetings with the Soviet a.m.bassador, National security. If we had allowed po­ deliberately holding back a process that Anatoly Dorbryntn. Marvin and Bernard Kalb litical events to take their own course in might lead to the end of a gruesome war. disclose the meetings in their book, "Kts­ Indochina years ago, would Americans today But the evidence is there. singer," and report that Kissinger made have less or more faith in their national se- The peace agreement signed in Paris two 5180 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 4, 1975 years ago called for a new phase of politics WOR-TV in New York City from Janu­ NATIONAL ENERGY POLICY-CON­ in South Vietnam. It promised political ary 23 to 29, 1975. rights to all parties, freedom of movement GRESSIONAL ROLE APPLAUDED between the military zones, release of politi­ WOR-TV EDITORIAL cal prisoners and the establishment of a Talks about gun control can get as fired-up national council of reconciliation. · as discussions a.bout religion or politics. How­ HON. DOMINICK V. DANIELS The idea of all that was to open up a ever, that is not reason to avoid re-examining OF NEW JERSEY process-a process of political competition gun control-a problem for which appropri­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and accommodation instead of war. ate and definitive national legislation has still But Thieu prevented that process from to be enacted. · Tuesday, March 4, 1975 starting. He prohibited movement between In a past Channel 9 editorial we had Mr. DOMINICK V. DANIELS. Mr. zones, reclassified political prisoners as com­ pointed out that, "in recent weeks, New York Speaker, this morning's Washington Post mon criminals to keep them in jail and City had seen more unprovoked shootings of contained an excellent article by Joseph effectively banned all part ies but his own. policemen by small arms as well as sub­ He not only refused to carry out the terms machine guns. It is almost certain that the Kraft describing the differences in ap­ of the Paris agreemeRt; he made it a crime guns used in those shootings were not regis­ proach adopted by the Congress and the to publish them in South Vietnam. And at tered." We asked further, "how do we keep President in developing a national energy the moment the cease-fire was to come into guns out of the hands of criminals? Hat­ policy. Mr. Kraft has vividly pointed out effect, he launched aggressive military op­ ers? The unbalanced?" Those same questions the flaws in the President's program, erations. can still be raised currently in the wake of and is generous in his praise for the ini­ But lately, the strat egy of military ag­ recent shootings in the City. tiatives taken by the Congress in devel­ gressiveness and political intransigence has There are still more than 25 million hand­ unraveled. The tide of battle has shifted, guns in the nation and statistics of murders oping a program that is more sensitive and inevitably doubts have grown in South committed with handguns continue to in­ to the economic considerations that af­ Vietnam about the wisdom of relying on crease. Three-quarters of the murders in the fect all Americans. war instead of politics. United States are committed with small I would like to commend my colleagues Communist military success has brought handguns called "Saturday Night Specials." who have been working so hard in re­ angry American talks about a massive of­ What is needed is legislation that would cent weeks to hammer out a program fensive by North Vietntim. Given the failure permit handguns only in the possession of that will not destabilize our economy. to say anything about Saigon's actions after_ police and security officers. We therefore ad­ The energy conservation strategy they vocate tough federal legislation that will re­ the truce, that outcry is almost comic in its have proposed is economically feasible, hypocrisy. But it is also factually doubtful. quire voluntary surrender of weapons and In South Vietnam, many former Thieu punishment for non-compliance, outlawing politically practical and worthy of our supporters have now turned against him. A the sale of handguns and parts and stiff vigorous support. I am hopeful that the Catholic movement leads the criticism. punishment for crimes committed with administration will recognize the devas­ Even right-wing newspapers criticized handguns. tating economic impact that will result Thieu as an obstacle to peace-until he from the President's energy program, closed them. and will take steps to develop a compro­ The political setting explains the mys­ A TRIBUTE TO MRS. CLAIRE MARTI mise based on the excellent program de­ tery of Kissinger's demand for $300 million veloped by our colleagues Mr. WRIGHT, more in military aid now. The Pentagon is having difficulty justifying that figure; pri­ HON. RONALD A. SARASIN Mr. ULLMAN and all those who worked so vately, defense officials say the object is tirelessly to produce a sensible energy not so much military as "psychological." In OF CONNECTICUT counterproposal. short, the aim is to demonstrat e the Ameri­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mr. Speaker, I commend the article can commitment to Nguyen Van Thieu. Tuesday, March 4, 1975 by Mr. Kraft to my colleagues, and hope For that purpose, any amount that gets that they will take justifiable pride in through Congress will serve. .Just $75 mil­ Mr. SARASIN. Mr. Speaker, it takes a the fine work that is being done by this lion, say, would enable Thieu to tell doubt­ special kind of person to recognize the Congress to meet our national energv ers that he still has America's support. Any gifts that exceptional children have to amount would be a symbol of American goals. Mr. Kraft's article follows: offer their families, friends, and com­ DEVELOPING AN ENERGY PROGRAM willingraess to go on with the policy of war munities. Only a special kind of talent and not politics-go on, as Gen. Fred C. (By Joseph Kraft) will bring to the fore the love and trust Weyand, the army chief of staff, had the The President and the Congress are getting candor to say, for another five to 10 years. that children who are mentally retarded together on energy, and the country may yet have to give. Mrs. Claire Marti, mother emerge with a responsible program. But in of two exceptional children, is such a the process traditional roles are being re­ woman. versed in a disquieting way. BAN THE HANDGUN-NO. 2 Mrs. Marti has been selected by the Mr. Ford is coming on more and more as Parents and Friends of the Exceptional a mere catalytic agent with deep loyalties to Child as the 1975 Woman of the Year. the special interests. He is leaving the con­ HON. JONATHAN B. BINGHAM She is well deserving of the compliment gressional leaders the responsible work of OF NEW YORK balancing among conflicting factions. and honor that the title designates. Not The President's chief role in energy has IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES satisfied with raising children of her own, been to set the pace. His program, and the Tuesday, March 4, 1975 she trained as a teacher's aide to pro­ relentless selling of it across the country, vide extra assistance in the class for focused attention on the problem. A partic­ Mr. BINGHAM. Mr. Speaker, I have exceptional children in Wolcott, Conn. ular feature of the program-progressive ap­ spoken in recent weeks about the grow­ As a result of her efforts, the town boasts plication of a tan.ff on crude oil-forced the ing national outcry for strict Federal of a Saturday morning recreational pro­ Congress to move with dispatch. gun control legislation, including specifi­ gram for the children, which includes But in substance the Ford program was cally a ban on the private possession of arts and crafts projects and physical pathetic. Its centerpiece was a decision to handguns. Despite the ability of the gun cut consumption of foreign oil by one million education. Mrs. Marti has organized barrels per day by the end of 1975. That lobby to mobilize tremendous outpour­ parents of exceptional children and has figure had no rationale. It apparently was the ings of mail to Congresspeople in oppo­ served on many committees in conjunc­ nice round number used by Henry Kissinger sition to such legislation, I believe that tion with Parents and Friends of the Ex­ in foreign negotiations, and then foisted such sentiments are those of a small ceptional Child. upon the White House without serious anal­ minority of the public. More indicative Not only has she been a member of the ysis of its impact on the American economy. of the majority view are the statements Waterbury Association for Retarded Having picked an arbitrary target, the of such responsible law enforcement of- President then accepted ideological means for Children-WARC-but she has worked reaching the goal. He and his advisers hooked ficials as former New York City Police on the board of directors and organized themselves on the mechanism of the mar­ Commissioner Patrick Murphy, and for­ a W ARC youth group. In all her efforts, ket. They proposed-by raising tariffs and mer Washington, D.C., Police Chief Jerry M.rs. Marti has sought understanding, by deregulating prices of oil and gas--to give Wilson, both of whom have supported the compassion and recognition for the ex­ private industry incentive to curtail imports approach I am advocating. ceptional child. She has succeeded in en­ of foreign oil while producing more energy Broadcasting and newspaper editors, riching the lives of so many exceptional from different sources in this country. too, have added their voices to the call It is extremely doubtful, given the pro~n­ children, their parents and friends that sity to consume gasoline no matter what the for a handgun ban. The comments below I welcome this opportunity to extend my price, that the administration program would were broadcast as an editorial over deep appreciation for her efforts. reach its target. It seems likely that it would March 4,- 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5181 slug the economy by raising prices at a time hope, the hope that Bulgaria and the agency abuse of employees who in good of inflation and curta11ing demand at a time rest of Eastern Europe will one day be conscience criticize agency procedures or of recession. What is absolutely certain is free, again, of the omnipresence of com­ disclose agency wrongs and coverups. that it would mean a tremendous ripoff for the producers of oil, gas, coal and other munism and communism's nursemaid, There are well known cases: for instance, forms of energy. Russia. Let us not forget in these days those of Ernest Fitzgerald and Gordon In the face of that monstrosity, the Demo­ of "detente" with Russia that Russia Rule, employees of the Federal Govern­ cratic leaders in the Congress went to work holds half a continent captive, and that ment who have spoken out, been fired, with a vengeance. A Senate coordinating to this date, Russia has never yet relin­ and eventually won their rights to back committee headed by John Pastore, a House quished territory it has made captive. pay and reinstatement. These cases, coordinating committee headed by James Let all the free world remember the however, have involved employees in dif­ Wright and the House Ways a.nd Means Committee under Al Ullman a.11 produced plight of the Bulgarians, and let all the ficult :fights and drawn out periods with­ energy programs. While differing in detail, free world take heed. out pay. For sure, ow· veterans haye a they all rejected the basic ideas of the Ford preference right to a hearing before ter­ approach. mination, and some employees, through The Democratic plans all subordinate the contract, have a similar right. But many one-million-barrel-a-day reduction target to FEDERAL EMPLOYEE ADMINISTRA­ others are without this fundamental pro­ the need to recover from recession and to TIVE HEARING RIGHTS GUARAN­ tection and must suffer without pay master inflation. They all provide that con­ TEE ACT servation of oil be phased in as the recesion while waiting to be heard. ebbs. Mr. Speaker, the pw·pose of the Fed­ Instead of using the market to achieve eral Employee Administrative Hearing conservation and new production, the Dem­ HON. PATRICIA SCHROEDER Rights Guarantee Act is to guarantee ocratic programs rely heavily on government OF COLORADO all employees in the competitive service muscle. Auto manufacturers would be IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES a prompt evidentiary hearing by an im­ obliged to produce ca.rs that guzzle less gaso­ partial individual prior to the time that line and utilities would be forced to burn Tuesday, March 4, 1975 coal. The ta.xes used to curtail consumption Mrs. SCHROEDER. Mr. Speaker, I am removal or suspension without pay is ef­ would be weighted against the biggest users today reintroducing the Federal Employ­ fective. The bill declares that certain of gasoline. Instead of a ta.riff, which would ee Administrative Hearing Rights Guar­ minimum protections are due such an leave a decision to import or not up to the employee before termination or suspen­ antee Act. I am happy to announce that big oil companies, the Democrats propose a sion, among them, the right to see the quota which the government would manage. eight of my colleagues on the House Committee on Post Office and Civil Serv­ evidence supporting the action and to The upshot ls a program that does far less have a transcript of the proceedings. I damage to the economy and is far more ice--Mrs. SPELLMAN, Mr. LEHMAN, Mr. likely to reach the target of easing American CHARLES H. Wn.SON of California, Mr. share the opinion of the many unions dependence on foreign oil. Industry ripoffs MlNETA, Mr. SIMON, Mr. DOMINICK V. of Federal employees who have con­ are limited, if not entirely eliminated. DANIELS, Mr. FORD of Michigan, and Mr. tacted me-among them the National Because the two sets of programs a.re so HARRis-have joined me in sponsoring Treasury Employees Union and the far a.pa.rt. bridging them is not going to be Overseas Education Association-that it easy. But the President is obviously disposed this measure. On April 16, 1974, the United States is time for congressional action on this to compromise, and the odds a.re that area­ problem. As long as Congress continues sonable program can be worked out. Supreme Court handed down its decision The prospective happy ending on energy, in Arnett against Kennedy. This case is in its inaction, Federal employees will not however, offers little ground for general re­ but the latest in a line of cases dealing be protected against arbitrary and capri­ joicing. Nobody can be sure that congres­ with the problem of termination or sus­ cious dismissal for speaking out. The sional leaders will continue to be as respon­ pension of Federal employees in the com­ public interest and pocketbook are badly sible and courageous as they have proved petitive service. These cases are noted served by stifling creative criticism from themselves on energy. It ls ha.rd to feel employees of ow· Government. comfortable with a President who enters primarily for their failure to answer the so willingly into the role of spokesman for important and ultimate question wheth­ the auto and oil companies, and who in­ er Fedral employees have a protected quires so unsusplclously into the recommen­ right to their jobs after completing the dations of his foreign policy advisers and the probationary period, that is, whether LAND USE AND THE ideology of his economic advisers. they can be terminated or suspended ENVIRONMENT without a prior hearing on the merits. The opinion in Arnett against Kennedy HON. ALAN STEELMAN is similarly ambiguous on the question BULGARIAN INDEPENDENCE DAY and offers little hope for a person look­ OF TEXAS ing for a clear statement of rights. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES HON. MARIO BIAGGI Mr. Speaker, since the decision in Tuesday, Ma:rch 4, 1975 OF NEW YORK Arnett against Kennedy which prompted Mr. STEELMAN. Mr. Speaker, on Feb­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES my original introduction of the Hearing ruary 27, our colleague from Arizona (Mr. Rights Act in the 93d Congress, the Tuesday, March 4, 1975 UDALL) addressed the National Confer­ President has made an Executive order ence of the National Association of Coun­ Mr. BIAGGI. Mr. Speaker, I would which places all termination and suspen­ ties here in Washington. Mr. UDALL spoke like to join with my colleagues and my sion actions within the Civil Service on "Land Use and the Environment,'' Bulgarian American friends in celebrat­ Commission. While this order might have a subject on which he is a national au­ ing Bulgarian Independence Day. In some merit in reducing the unevenness thority and congressional leader. 1876, the Bulgarian people revolted formerly present when the agencies han­ Land use is certainly an issue of great against their Turkish rulers, and Bul­ dled their own cases, it offers no substan­ concern to county and local officials and garia was granted the status of a prin­ tial defined right to an employee sub­ the Land Use and Resource Conserva­ cipality in 1878. Finally, in 1908, Bul­ ject to an adverse action other than that tion Act of 1975, R.R. 3510, which Mr. garia's aspirations toward independ- of a different forum. The larger question UDALL and I cosponsor, was developed ence were fulfilled and Bulgaria be­ of due process is still quite up in the air. with careful attention to preserving the came a nation. The courts and agencies are not en­ traditional role of local government in Any celebration, however, is marred by tirely to blame. The law is unclear be­ most land use decisions. the knowledge that Bulgaria is suffering cause Congress has not acted unequivo­ Mr. Speaker, I think Mr. UnALL's re­ under the yoke of Communist domina­ cably regarding pretermination hearings. marks are well worth the Members' at­ tion. Bulgarian Americans mark Bul­ There is no statute which clearly man­ tention and they are reprinted below: garian Independence Day with formal dates the promulgation of uniform regu­ LAND USE AND THE ENVlltONMENT celebrations and banquets, thereby re­ lations in the area. The law as it now It is a real privilege to be here with you cording their hope that their former stands leaves the whole matter of pre­ today and to share some of my thoughts homeland, now under Communist con­ termination hearings for Federal em­ with you a.bout land use and the environ­ trol. will soon regain its independence. ployees without constitutionally inspired ment, and related matters of concern to Let us join with these people in this standards and thus opens the door to counties. During my tenure in Congress and 5182 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 4, 1975 as a member of the Public Land Law Review of oil from gasoline alone. That's a year's not to promote some rational land use plan­ Commission, I have worked closely with worth of imports. ning in the States and counties to be affected county officials and the National Association And the same studies show that better by the above-described scenario. on many issues, including land use. As a planning of our residential patterns could The President's response ls a request for Congressman from a Western state in which also cut pollution in half, and also utllity specific energy siting legislation. To bring over 75% of the land is owned by the Fed· costs. I submit to you that energy conserva­ the States up to speed, the President would eral government, I am also acutely sensitive tion must become a more important element mandate that States develop an energy sit­ to problems of coordination between Federal of land use planning. ing program, subject to Federal approval, in and State and local officials, particularly in The fundamental question is whether 18 months or face the alternative of an en­ the area of land and resource management. there is any need for Federal legislation to ergy siting program that is implemented by Let me begin with a few remarks about do anything about all these problems. And the Federal government. land use. As you probably know, there was a I might add that they are not just environ­ Energy facility siting is, to be sure, a major serious setback for land use last year when mental problems, but have tremendous so­ problem. There hasn't been a major refinery the House voted last July not to continue cial and economic costs as well. My answer built on the East Coast, for example, in 15 debate on the land use bill I sponsored. De­ is, yes, the Federal government can and years, primarily because of local resistance. spite the setback in the 93rd Congress, our must do something about land use, but the Moreover, industry complains with a great land use problems are not going to go away. real job must be done at the grass roots and deal of justification about the 40 to 50 agency National land use legislation is still a high the State level, for here lies the authority approvals that must be obtained from all priority item and will certainly be considered and the familiarity with particular State levels of government before construction can again in this Congress. and local problems. begin. We do need some better mechanisms Thousands of acres of our best agricultural The quiet revolution in land use is real to eliminate such duplication and reconcile land are still being developed for a multitude and is energizing more and more commu­ conflicts between different agencies and lev­ of other purposes without regard to our fu­ nities. Citizens are becoming involved, at els of government. Yet I am convinced that ture agricultural needs. Our pollution and least on ad hoc basis, in at least the more energy siting is but one piece of the land use congestion problems continue and are ag­ visible land use crises. puzzle, and that the economic, environmen­ gravated, and we continue to waste energy The Federal government, however, can tal and social problems that accompany proj­ like no other country in the world, in large play an important role--and certainly has a ects of this magnitude will not be solved by part due to our land use patterns and prac­ good deal of work to do to put its own house another single-focus Federal program. In­ tices. I think it is time we learned from our in order. Indeed, there are many who claim stead energy siting should be treated in a past mistakes and ma.de a national commit­ that the Federal government is actually the comprehensive manner within the State's ment to develop some sensible land use pro­ worst culprit when it comes to land use, for land use program. I think the emphasis cedures and policies on the State and local Federal money, grants, and other a-ctivities should be on developing comprehensive land levels-with Federal coordination and fi­ and policy decisions permit flow dally from use planning as an alternative to yet another nancial assistance-which can help us to Washington to all sections of every State, in mission-oriented single purpose federal pro­ create the decent future society we all want. ways which have significant and long-lasting gram to facilitate ~nergy production at the For the question is not whether we are effects on growth and urban sprawl. In my expense of other values. A land use program going to continue to grow, for grow we must opinion, it is time we brought some order such as is envisioned in the legislation I am and we will. The question is rather will we to these Federal actions and made an at­ again sponsoring wlll help the States to do do so with some wisdom and foresight. Where tempt to coordinate with State and local their energy planning within the context of will we put the factories and feedlots, and plans to at least assure that the Federal these other values and resources and without powerplants and refineries, and the schools, presence is not disruptive and does not de­ the Federal government having the last word. housing, and highways and pipelines that we tract from local and State government plans Many of you here today are from Western will need in the next few decades? If the ex­ for controlling and influencing growth. In States, and some from coastal States, and perts are correct, we will have to build again addition, the Federal government, as you so I am sure you are aware of the issues that in the next 30 years all that we have built know, is our biggest landowner, controlling have been framed by the Administration's before-that means an area of land the size over a third of the nation's land. Much needs plans for developing of the Outer Continen­ of New Jersey will be converted to urban to be done to develop management and plan­ tal Shelf and our Western energy resources. uses each decade. ning guidelines for the public lands, and to There will be new boom-towns as the power Let's look at some examples. On one ex­ assure that there is ample coordination be­ plants go up and new coal mines open up, treme, in my state of Arizona, enough land tween Federal and local land managers. and an accompanying need for housing, has been subdivided right now to accomodate I would like to turn for a moment to au schools, water and sewage facilities, along over 2 million people. That's more than the important energy related element of the land with the usual law enforcement and other entire population of the State. By the year use equation-one which will receive a great social problems that accompany rapid 2000, if present trends continue, over 5 mil· deal of attention in this Congress while we growth. Some of the Western governors have lion acres, or roughly 15% of the private land attempt to develop some national energy already recognized the serious consequences, in the State, will have been subdivided into policies and work toward that perhaps and are speaking out for a stronger State one-acre lots for sale, with little or no guar­ Utopian goal of "energy self-sufficiency". role in energy policy. They don't want their antee that you will ever see any residential The Nixon-Ford Administrations have put a States turned into "energy colonies" or development or community facilities because great deal of emphasis on Project Inde­ "boiler rooms" to feed the rest of the na­ of the very nature of these developments. pendence. The Administration wants to pro­ tion's energy needs at the expense of their On the other hand, we see a variety of ceed at once to develop our domestic sources way of life and environmental values and I forecasts that our best agricultural land is of petroleum, coal, oil shale and nuclear don't blame them. slowly but surely being consumed by various power and other resources. There are, how­ There is going to have to be some planning, kinds of urban sprawl. In the state of Mich­ ever, some tradeoffs involved here, and some some front money to provide for the public igan, for example, one prediction is that the significant costs for some areas if this antic­ facilities, and some protection for the envi­ state will be 5 million acres short of the ipated development is not handled with some ronment. agricultural land it needs to be self-suffi­ foresight and common sense. Let me emphasize again that the land use cient by the year 2000-that if present Let's take a few examples: legislation before the Congress does not pro­ trends continue, ten out of their twelve mil­ The Administration says we will need 640 vide a Federal blueprint, but instead the fi­ lion acres of crop land in that state, wlll be new electric generating plants in operation nancial incentives to enable States and local lost in the next thirty years. by 1985, and that because of the lead time governments to control their own destinies And let'a look at energy conservation. The involved developing and constructing such concerning how and where they will grow. It Arab oil boycott finally forced us to look at major facilities, it is crucial that the plan­ reflects the need for diversity within the Fed­ our extravagant energy consumption habits. ning and siting decisions be made in the eral system, and recognizes the fact that land The most sensible thing we can do in this next few years. use decisions shoiild be made at the local and country to achieve energy independence is President Ford, in bis State of the Union State level with regional and interstate co­ through energy conservation. If we cut our address, set some additional energy goals for operation where appropriate. consumption 20 %-not an unrealistic goal­ 1985: 200 nuclear power plants, 250 new coal Perhaps even more importantly, it pro­ we could reduce imports by Y:i or $10 billion mines, 150 major coal-fired power plants, 30 vides for a stronger State role by providing a year. . major new oil refineries, 20 major new syn­ a check on Federal programs, monies and This waste is most evident in our patterns thetic fuel plants, thousands o! new oil activities that significantly affect land use in of land use. Sprawl is costly in terms of wells and a million barrels of synthetic fuels the State. Under my bill, once a State devel­ energy. Studies have shown that a "high and oil shale a day. Again, most of these ops a land use program, Federal actions af­ density planned development"-which by major facilities involve tremendous planning fecting land use must be certified as con­ the way has just as much open space as is and siting problems, and create land use sistent with the State land use program, ex­ in present suburbia-utilizes % the energy shockwaves which could determine the qual­ cept where the national interest is clearly at as the low density sprawl we are used to ity of life in the areas affected for many stake, as determined by the President. This seeing. The street design, for one thing, generations. important provision illustrates the need for would be different. By better planning for My point in sponsoring comprehensive land local control and the need to coordinate the future neighborhood street patterns alone, use legislation and the simple question that multitude of Federal activities that affect we could save a billion and a half barrels I pose to you today, is whether we can afford land use. March 4, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5183 If you will take the time to read the legis­ utes which allocate a portion of the reve­ est in the past and that I look forward to a lation and not just the propaganda that has nue generated from mineral, forest, and good working relationship during this Con­ been circulated which hl!.S characterized it grazing, and other receipts generated on gress. as an evil Federal takeover of poverty rights­ these lands are both outdated and inade­ Thank you. you will, I believe, conclude that it is a bal­ quate to deal with the current revenue anced approach and stresses State and local problems in most counties where schools and control. This approach is quite similar to that other public services must be financed by taken in the Coastal Zone Management Act the property tax. During my work on the OTHER VOICES under which most coastal States are now Public Land Law Review Commission, I developing management programs for their learned a great deal about these problems, coastal zones. Again, the spectre of millions and last year even more from hearings both HON. FORTNEY H. (PETE) STARK of acres of the OCS leased for development here and in Washington and in the State of OF CALIFORNIA Utah. While I recognize that there are cer­ has alerted the coastal States to the impor­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tance of gaining a stronger voice in energy tainly some benefits involved in having Na­ decisions and some time for planning the on­ tional Forests, National Parks and BLM land Tuesday, March 4, 1975 shore impact of such development. The within one's county, I have concluded, as Coastal .zone Act gives the coastal States did the Public Land Law Review Commis­ Mr. STARK. Mr. Speaker, I insert in similar leverage to deal with the feds. sion, that the burdens generally outweigh the RECORD a thoughtful article by Ms. Last year, during the deliberations on the the benefits and something must be done to Jessica Mitford on political suppression land use legislation, we spent a great deal remedy the inequity. Forest receipts, which in Iran; the article appeared in the of time working with State and local gov­ average for most counties a nickel an acre column entitled "Other Voices" in the ernment people to assure that their interests are hardly adequate to make up for the San Francisco Examiner, February 16, and problems were considered. The present property tax which could otherwise be levied. legiSlation refiects these concerns, and man­ If the public lands are, for the most part, 1975. dates an important role for counties and going to remain in Federal ownership for all Ms. Mitford, a noted social critic, has local governments in the development and the American people, I think we owe it to ably documented the substantial evi­ implementation of land use programs. Most those counties who carry this burden to dence which has been gathered recently land use decisions will continue to be made spread it equitably among a.11 the taxpayers. indicating that the Shah of Iran has at the local level, but we must also recog­ And, I think that establishing an equitable built a system of government which not nize that some of our land use problems system for payments in lieu of taxes iS only suppresses political and religious don't stop at jurisdictional lines and are closely related to land use planning prob­ becoming more and more regional in scope. lems on both the public and private domain. opposition, but also refuses to tolerate With the proliferation of agencies and gov­ Environmentalists, for example, will prob­ the faintest hint of any "anti-Shah" eco­ ernmental entities involved in land use, ably support such legislation because they nomic or financial opinions. While the there is also a need for the State to be more see this as a way of reducing the pressure Shah denies specific allegations of sup­ involved in setting broad policies and re­ to exploit our natural resources to maximize pressions, he has admitted that his gov­ viewing decisions which have impact beyond revenues. It also would provide the counties ernment is less than democratic: to u-se an immediate jurisdiction. and States with additional revenues to sup­ his own words, he has confessed: The issue of local control iS an important port their basic services, which would re­ one, but let me just say that the existing When my people begin acting like Swedes, lieve them from some need to constantly I shall begin to act like the Swedish king. multitude of single-purpose Federal pro­ s:i?,rch for new ways to generate tax revenue, grams may have led to local control being promoting perhaps hastily considered indus­ The U.S. Government prizes its good more of a myth than a reality. For better or trial developrr.ent. for worse, there is now an enormous Federal relationship with Iran and, indeed, con­ And, as I learned in Utah last fall, the scientiously works to enhance it. Last presence in land use and growth iSsues, impact of the proposed energy development through sewer and waste water programs, in that State and many similarly situated year alone we sold some $4 billion in public works projects, Corps of Engineers States is going to put a serious strain on the weapons to Iran; -:we even save coveted projects, airport and highway monies, and economic and social fabric of many of the positions in our military academies­ a multitude of Federal laws and regulations counties involved. a move which I strongly opposed when from Federal fioodplain zoning requirements As one witness in Utah summed it up last it was proposed to the House several to clean air regulations. It is this kind of fall, "The day the Arabs turned the oil years ago-for Iranian students. I think Federal presence which led Daniel Moyni­ spigot off, the lifestyle and future of Utah han to remark that "Yes, we have a national in light of the allegations made by Ms. changed dramatically." If coal leasing, coal Mitford and responsible journalists in growth policy, it is in the interstate high­ slurry, oil shale, power plants, and coal gasi­ way system." fication develops as rapidly as anticipated, both Europe and the United States ''e The land use bill is an honest attempt to it is going to require not only planning but should reevaluate these policies, and be­ return some of this authority to the State substantial adjustments, and some front gin to consider the quality of the gov­ and local level, to energize State and local ernments with which we do our business. governments to tackle their land use money to provide for the growth induced in such areas. I commend Ms. Mitford's article to the problems. As Governor Rampton pointed out in his attention of my colleagues: Let me shift here to discuss a few points testimony in Salt Lake last September, most concerning related problems with Federal OTHER VOICES: A DIFFERENT VIEW OF THE of the vast deposits of our energy resources SHAH OF IRAN ownership of public lands. The question iS are located in these public land counties, but how we coordinate the planning and man­ the growth induced by these activities may (By Jessica Mitford) agement of public lands, which in many well be in the neighboring county. How do For two successive Sundays, readers of States represents over half the total land you compensate the impacted area is a prob­ the Examiner were treated to a lengthy run­ area, with land use planning in the private lem we must carefully consider. ning eulogy of "one of the world's most in­ or non-federal sector? teresting and impressive leaders . . . a fas­ I am a strong believer in coordinating In summary, let me just say that I think the issues that I have briefiy outlined here cinating persona)ity ... a wise, patriotic, wherever possible the planning and man­ benevolent ruler," the Shah of Iran. agement activities for public lands with the today are closely realted and of great impor­ tance to the whole country. The Congress In his Editor's Report, William Randolph land use programs for the States within Hearst, Jr., tells us that "over a delicious which the public lands are located. must come to grips with our energy and eco­ nomic problems, but we must also provide lunch, we soon found His Majesty a gracious It is clear by now that the basic policy of host with a lively sense of humor ... how­ the Federal government is going to be one some sensible land use guidelines for the public domain and some -coordination and ever, the profound intelligence of this en­ of retaining ownership of most all of the lightened ruler quickly became apparent public lands. This was the recommendation stimulus for local and State planning as well. Land use is still the most fundamental when we started diScussing serious subjects." of the Public Land Law Review Commis­ Among serious subjects that did not, it sion, and I support it. Yet I recognize and unaddressed environmental problem in this nation and one which is closely related to seems, come up for discussion during the want to do something about the more fun­ delicious lunch: damental problem that this creates for the many of our air and water pollution and States and counties who must forego the energy conservation problems. I intend to The despotic rule of Iran by SAV AK, the tax revenue that would otherwise be avail­ make a major effort to see this legislation much dreaded, Gestapo-like secret police, an­ able if these lands were on the tax rolls. enacted in the 94th Congress. It is time we swerable to the Shah alone. I have sponsored legislation and held hear­ made a serious commitment to address the The estimated 40,000 political prisoners i ngs in my Subcom.mittee on proposals to environmental, economic and social costs of who have disappeared into Iran's jails. establiSh a more equitable system of pay­ sprawl, and developed some sensible land use The use by SAVAK of unspeakably brutal ments in lieu of taxes for the Federal nat­ planning at an levels of government. tortures to extract information and uncount­ ural resource lands which are presently ex­ Let me conclude by saying that I have en­ ed summary executions of those who refuse empt from local and State taxation. joyed wo-rking with the National Association to turn informer. The present hodge-podge of Federal stat- of Counties on many issues of common inter- "What impressed me most about the Shah's 5184 EXTENSIONS OF REMARK.S- Marek 4, 1975 attitude was the reasonableness with which seem rude, but .•• you may be equal in the THE URANIUM CARTEL-A REAL he listened to another point of view," wrote eyes of the law, but not, I beg your pardon Mr.Hearst. for saying so, in ability. You've never even WORLD MONOPOLY This has hardly been the experience of the produced a great cook. You have produced Sha.h's subjects. nothing great, nothing!" More than two yea.rs ago a United Nations Falla.cl: "How many political prisoners are HON. LARRY McDONALD panel found "a consistent pattern" of vio­ there in Iran today?" OF GEORGIA lations of human rights by SAVAK. Shah: "I don't know the exact figure. It IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES These included "arbitrarily arresting hun­ depends on what you mean by political pris­ Tuesday, March 4, 1975 dreds of political dissidents, holding secret oners. If it's Communists you mean, for in­ trials for them, and in scores of instances stance, I don't consider them political pris­ Mr. McDONALD of Georgia. Mr. executing them." Since that time, much more oners because communism ls against the law. Speaker, as mentioned previously, see has come to light a.bout the organization and It follows that a Communist ls not a. political page 4989 of the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, modus operandi of SAVAK. prisoner but a. comm.on criminal." indications are here that we are heading Last November, Time magazine reported Among cunent cases of imprisonment and that SAV AK, through a large network of in­ torture of political prisoners authenticated for a uranium shortage. This wlll lead to formers, "have been responsible for making by Amnesty International and by the Com­ a new fuel crisis for our nuclear power­ countless arrests of leftists on occasionally mittee for Artistic and Intelligence Freedom plants. The frightening thing about all vague anti-Shah charges and for at lea.st 200 in Iran, a group of distinguished American this is that a very small group of people executions. writers, are: control almost the entire known supply In a. Harper's magazine article from Iran, Vida Hadjebi Tabrizi, a sociologist at the of the material. Forbes magazine on Frances Fitzgerald writes: University of Teheran, sentenced to eight January 15, 1975, described this tight "SAVAK has agents in the lobby of every years imprisonment by a military court in hotel, every government department, every July, 1972, for investigating the living condi­ little operation. The article follows: university classroom." tions of Ira.n's peasant population. She has THE FIVE ARROWS, NUCLEAR-STYLE The estimated number of agents: 70,000 been subjected to such harsh torture she Control of the uranium cartel may be far or one for every 450 Iranians-and SAV AK has lost all feeling in hands and feet and has more concentrated than would appear at officials themselves acknowledge this ls only developed serious heart trouble. first glance. As suggested by the fist clench­ the nucleus, for they have more unpaid in­ Dr. G. H. Sa.'edi, Iran's greatest play­ ing five arrows in the family crest, the formers than pa.id agents. wright, under torture in prison since June, Rothschilds of France and England have an "Professors are fired or arrested for ex­ 1974. interest in nearly every major uranium mine pressing independent views, and students are Dr. A. Sharia.tti, a well-known writer and in the world. arrested or shot for demonstrating,'' says religious intellectual, imprisoned since Sep­ Rio Tinto Zinc, a mlnlng company in which Fitzgerald. "SAVAK gives no accounting ·Of tember, 1973. His father, over 70 yea.rs old, the French Rothschilds have traditionally its activities. People simply disappear in was also arrested. Both have been tortured. been major owners, holds a controlling in­ Iran.'' The man responsible for these atrocities terest in Rio Algom Mines, whose Canadian La.st month the London Sunday Times re­ appears to be Mr. Hearst's nominee for mines have the largest uranium reserves in ported on its two-year investigation of tor­ Leader of the Free World. North America. RTZ owns nearly two-thirds ture allegations in Iran based on personal Deploring the "inability of leaders" in the of the huge new Rossing uranium mine in testimony of prisoners and statements of democratic countries from Denmark to Japan South West Africa. It also controls Mary impartial foreign observers. "to make strong decisions and have them Kathleen Uranium, the only Australian "Torture cases fall in three categories. implemented," Mr. Hearst concludes from uranium mine capable of going into opera­ Left-wing activists, Moslem dissidents op­ his discussion with the Shah that "any other tion soon. posed to what they regard as the religious or all the developing-yes, and many of the The largest South African gold producer, and political repression of the Shah; and developed countries--could use such a wise, Anglo American Corp., is also the country's those people, peredominantly middle-class patriotic, benevolent ruler.... Perhaps the largest uranium producer, since South Afr1-· intellectuals, who were unwise enough to underlying problem ls that the West simply can uranium is produced as a. by-product of criticize the regime, in private or public and has no really great leaders left, or even gold production. One of Anglo American's were reported to police." emerging." associated companies, Charter Consolidated, Methods of torture include extraction of For which we may be profoundly grateful has a Rothschild on its boa.rd, and owns fingernails and toenails, electric shock to nearly 10 % of RTZ. sexual organs, and the "Hot Table,'' an iron The centerpiece of the French Rothschilds' frame covered with wire mesh electrically nonferrous metal group is Imetal (formerly heated to which the prisoner is strapped un­ THE VALUE OF A SECOND OPINION Le Nickel), which has a controlllng share of til it becomes red hot. the Mokta and Penna.roya companies, two of Two French lawyers, visiting an Iranian the largest uranium producers in France and trial as observers for a. non-political inter­ in the former French colonies of Gabon and national association of jurists, attested to­ HON. ROBERT W. KASTEN, JR. Niger. They also participate in joint ventures the results of this fiendish device. OF WISCONSIN with the other large French producer, Pechi­ In court, the accused prisoner attracted IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ney Ugine Kuhlmann. their attention by whispering, "Mister! Mis­ The Rothschild presence is everything. ter!" and suddenly hiked up his shirt. Tuesday, March 4, 1975 Baron Guy de Rothschild heads !metal. He "The whole of the middle of his chest and Mr. KASTEN. Mr. Speaker, recently, also sits on the boa.rd of RTZ. In turn, Harry stomach was a mass of twisted sea.rs from the Ford Foundation released a report of Oppenheimer, the chief executive of Anglo very deep burns. They looked appalling . . • American, and Sir Val Duncan, the chief The skin was covered in shiny scars from a study on America's energy future. The executive of RTZ, sit on the board of burning •.." study, entitled "A Time To Choose," cost Imetal. (NOTE.-ln a recent interview with Mike $4 million and attempts to chart a na­ Only in Australia do the Rothschild com­ Wallace in the program "60 Minutes,'' the tional policy for our Nation's energy pro­ panies have a relatively small share of the Shah denied the accuracy of the Times' tor­ duction, distribution, and costs. Basically, total uranium reserves. In fact, but for a ture allegations.) it recommends cutting back on the use of few independent uranium companies in "One of the things that pleased me most energy and the imposition of mandatory Canada and possible increased Australian about this innovative, modern monarch was controls. production, the function of the Uranium the friendliness he expressed for the United Another foundation, the Institute for Producers' Forum could be performed at a States," writes Mr. Hearst. Little wonder, board meeting of !metal. since the Shah reigns courtesy of the CIA. Contemporary Studies, has prepared a In 1953, a combination of nationalists and critique and analysis of the Ford study. leftwing opposition forced him to :flee the Ten economists, with a basic belief in our country. According to the Sunday Times, "he free enterprise system, have taken a sec­ CIA DOMESTIC OPERATIONS RAISE returned after one week, with the aid of a ond look. Their critiques of the Ford SERIOUS QUESTIONS popular uprising orchestrated by the CIA." study have been put together in a volume Richard Helms, CIA director during the entitled "No Time To Confuse." Watergate break-in, now serves as United States ambassador to Iran. Mr. Speaker, I would urge every Mem­ HON. JOE L. EVINS Further insight into the "profound in­ ber of this body to read "No Time To OF TENNESSEE telligence of this enlightened ruler" ls fur­ Confuse" if they are truly interested in IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES preserving our free enterprise system nished in an interview by the Italian jour­ Tuesday, March 4, 1975 nalist Oriana Fallaci. and developing an energy policy which Shah: "What do these feminists want? is capable of meeting the future needs of Mr. EVINS of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, Eq·uality, you say? Indeed I I don't want to the Nation. as you know, the Central Intelligence March 4, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5185 Agency has come under increasing crit­ be pleading that the congress should look the Veterans of Foreign Wars for their icism for alleged domestic spying activi­ no further into the scope of this lest it de­ worthy efforts: stroy the intelligence operation. MY RESPONSmILITY AS A CITIZEN ties although its statutory authority What has to be done is the task of bring­ limits its jurisdiction to overseas intel­ ing the nation's intelligence agencies under (By Dean Phelus) ligence operations. discipline. It will be less painful and costly LISTEN! Recently Mr. William Colby, Director now than it would be later on. Listen! All those of you who are lucky of the CIA, testified before a House Ap­ During the infancy of this great country, enough to be citizens of America, listen! propriations Subcommittee concerning a wise observer once said: "The condition What do you hear? The voice of democracy? domestic spying and wiretapping. He upon which God hath given liberty to man is What is it? Is it the voice of one man? Does eternal vigilance; which condition if he break he sit in an oval office, or at the wheel of a amended an earlier report filed with the it, servitude is at once the consequence of committee to change certain figures with truck, or on the bench in a football stadium? his crime and the punishment of his guilt." Is it the voice of one woman who stands in respect to the number of telephone taps, The CIA bas already demonstrated that a classroom or a department store or a files on public officials, and break-ins. when vigilance is lacking, it knows no kitchen? No. The voice of democracy is an The Nashville Tennessean in a recent boundaries or laws in the exercise of its American chorus, a patriotic cheer, a chant editorial emphasized the dangers inher­ power. by a million separate voices. And my respon­ ent in CIA activities in this Nation which sibility as an American citizen is to ... exceed its statutory authority. Because listen! of the interest of my colleagues and the GLENVIEW, ILL., HIGH SCHOOL What are Americans saying these days? American people in this most important STUDENT WINS VOICE OF DE­ We can't afford t he groceries, the automobiles matter, I place the editorial in the REC­ MOCRACY CONTEST IN ILLINOIS aren't as sturdy as they could be; where will we get enough fuel?; what do we do ORD herewith: about the young people?; how will we make MR. COLBY'S OWN WORDS RAISE LEVEL OF HON. ABNER J. MIKVA it through difficult times? Questions. The CONCERN voices are aski:ng a hundred thousand hard The response of Mr. William Colby to the OF ILLINOIS questions. Answers. What the voices want investigations of the Central Intelligence IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES are answers. And all they need to do is . . . Agency is about what one would expect from Tuesday, March 4, 1975 listen. aimost any bureaucratic agency that comes No great organization operates without under criticism. Mr. MIKVA. Mr. Speaker, it is my problems. A great country is no different. Mr. Colby, the director of the CIA, said great pleasure to announce to the House Each one of us can see the questions all that American intelligence operations have of Representatives that Mr. Dean Phelus, around us. What we need are voices with been jeopardized by "the aimost hysterical 500 Elm Street, Glenview, DI., has sub­ answers. We need optimists, workers :who excitement" over CIA missteps. mitted the winning speech from Dlinois know what determination can do. We need What Mr. Colby sees as "almost hysterical believers, people who know what ideals and excitement" is a deep concern on the part in the Voice of Democracy Contest. This values can produce. We need voices, voices of the Congress and the American public contest is sponsored by the Veterans of to shout the encouragement to fight prob­ over the fact the CIA has ignored the law Foreign Wars and its Ladies Auxiliary lems, to overcome obstacles. of the land that created it in the first place. and is a part of the Voice of Democracy Where will these voices come from? They Mr. Colby told the House appropriations scholarship program. This program is can come from you and from me. I cannot subcommittee that allegations of illegal or speak for you, but one voice is already com­ improper domestic spying had been blown conducted annually in our Nation's sec­ out of proportion. Yet, under questioning, ondary schools during the fall term. This ing from me. I am willing to speak for Mr. COlby said that the CIA bas had files on year, the theme for the VFW's 28th an­ America, for the ability of Americans to four congressmen and he did not deny that nual program is "My Responsibility as a weather any crisis. I am willing to speak for involvement, for the necessary concern of the a~ncy used sex traps within the U.S. Citizen." each citizen in order to have a successful to gain information from foreigners. He also The winner of the contest from Illi­ confirmed the report of Mr. Seymour Hersh government. If officials are corrupt, say so. of The New York Times that 22 CIA agents nois, Mr. Dean Phelus, is a junior from If you disagree with policies or programs, infiltrated antiwar dissident groups and col­ Maine Township High School North, Des speak up. I will care enough to speak for lected files on 10,000 Americans. Plaines, Ill. Dean is 16, has served as the America. But I will never speak so loudly Mr. Colby denied this was a "massive ille­ treasurer of the Spanish Club and vice that I forget to listen. gal domestic intelligence operation." He pre­ president of the speech team, has been For there have always been voices. In any fers to look on it as a misstep. Obviously a awarded a number of speech awards in­ American library we can find voices. George few missteps such as this only open the cluding a speech scholarship, is a varsity Washington, Nathan Hale, Franklin Roose­ doors to custom. In short, once the law of the velt, John Kennedy-all the great speakers nation is breached, it becomes easier and member of the track team, is a member of our past are speaking still, speaking to easier to do it again and in practice, the of the district concert choir, and belongs anyone who will listen. They will tell you agency set up to help guard the country from to the Modern Music Masters and that America is greater than any adversary, without becomes the Big Brother from Thespians. stronger than any opponent. They will tell within. As the state of Illinois winner, Dean you that a few deterlllined men can build a Mr. Colby was quick enough to try to hint Phelus is eligible for one of five national reality. They will tell you that no problem at a lack of credibility in press reports. is beyond solution. They will tell you that But ironically he took the occasion to sub­ scholarships awarded as the top prizes. we have had trouble before, but no trouble mit to the lawmakers what he called "minor Final judging is to be held here in Wash­ that Americans, working together, cannot changes" in a report he gave the Senate Ap­ ington, D.C., during the week of March handle. They will speak for America. Listen, propriations Committee le.st month. 7-12, 1975. The best wishes of the people and join them. His "minor changes" are interesting. He of the State of Illinois go to Dean as he It is a privilege to have a responsibility said: competes with the contest winners from to America, a privilege that needs careful The CIA conducted telephone wiretaps other States. attention. We can choose to despair, or we against 27 people between 1947 and 1965, Mr. Speaker, this speech by a high can choose to fight. We can choose to destroy not 21 as he told the Senators. or to build. I have made my choice. My Four of the persons whose phones were school junior has an important message country does not need another disparaging tapped were non-CIA employees, not two for all Americans. It is that America voice. It needs a cheer, a word of encourage­ as he had said. needs listeners, optimists, and believers­ ment, a suggestion, a vote of confidence. The a~ncy had files on four congressmen, those who will offer "a cheer, a word of Every American should be involved enough not one as he told the committee. encouragement, a suggestiQn, a vote of to vote, to honor his country, to feel grateful The agency had conducted four break-ins for the great gift of freedom. But quiet in the United States, not three as he said confidence." Dean Phelus writes: Every American should be involved enough gratitude is not enough. We Americans are before. marching forward together to a future which In actual numbers that may not be a great to vote, to honor his country, to feel grate­ ful for the great gift of freedom ... (and to offers uncertainty and challenge. Silent sol­ difference, and probably Mr. Colby thinks of diers have room for doubt. Raise your voice it only as an understatement. The fact re­ march) forward together to a future which mains that he misinformed the senators, and offers uncertainty and challenge. in support of the country that has nurtured who can say that he is not also misinforming you, in defense of the system that has kept the House subcom.mittee? Mr. Speaker, at this point I would like you free, in praise of the spirit that keeps Mr. Colby has admitted enough to make to insert the winning speech of Mr. Dean a battered fiag waving. it clear the CIA violated both the spirit and Phelus of Glenview, m., to congratulate It is my responsibility as a citizen, my the letter of the laws, and he now seems to him on his fine speech, and to commend privilege as an American to join the voices 5186 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 4, 1975 of democracy. We will come together in a serve as manufacturers and airlines execu- IN AEROSPACE EDUCATION cry of determination that wlll carry us for­ tives One of the greatest contributions of women ward against my opposition. We have some­ wear Army and Navy aviator wings has been in the field of education where they thing good; acknowledge it. We have strength establish world aviation records are teaching aerospace subjects in our edu­ and tradition on our side; remember it. pilot corporate aircraft cational systeIIlS all the way from pre-primary Listen to the cheering American volces­ serve as airport/ heliport consultants, as to post-graduate levels. And the 99's are those of the past, those of the present, yours, FAA flight examiners actively involved in supporting aerospace mine. American voices all-listen! control air traffic education at all levels of learning. direct aviation education programs Elsie W. Adams, Marilyn Link and Jane N. work as propulsion, human factors, elec­ Marshall have received our nation's highest trical and design engineers award in aerospace education-the Frank G. A SALUTE TO WOMEN IN AERO­ operate airports/ heliports Brewer Trophy-awarded annually for the SPACE instruct ground, flight and instrument most outstanding contribution in the field students of aerospace education. program computers in missile guidance Dr. Carol St. Cyr served as President of and control systems, :flight simulators the National Aerospace Education Associa­ HON. DON H. CLAUSEN give aerial traffic and weather reports tion from 1972 to 1974. OF CALIFORNIA patrol pipelines Both NASA and the FAA, as well as nu­ DI THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES publish and write for aviation newspapers, merous associations have women in their magazines, books education program offices. Tuesday, March 4, 1975 transport personnel and parts to off-shore rigs IN GOVERNMENT Mr. DON H. CLAUSEN, Mr. Speaker, co-pilot commercial airlines As in industry, more women are being it has been my privilege to meet and :fly rescue missions named to top positions in government. Aero­ work with a number of the dynamic and teach our youth aerospace subjects space-connected jobs are no exception. dedicated women referred to in this ar­ But all this is not really new. In the early The Federal Aviation Administration of ticle, who have been aviation pioneers days of aviation, women soon proved skilled the Department of Transportation has women and played a lead role in advancing avia­ and qualified as balloon, airplane and heli­ in many key jobs all over the country. tion, aeronautics, and aerospace pro­ copter pilots and were accepted and wel­ For example, since World War ll, women comed into the aviation fraternity. Through have been manning the control towers at grams and sciences. Among them are the years, women have held responsible posi­ many of our airports. In Hillsboro, Oregon, Jean Ross Howard, Isabel Burbess, Sally tions in all segments of aviation. Many have Delphine Aldecoa is the tower chief. Many Murphy, Fran Bera, and Loretta Foy. won international recognition for their women are FAA :flight examiners. At FAA In the early 1970's it was my privilege to achievements. headquarters, Mary Jo Oliver is an aviation serve as chairman of the Governor's It would be impossible here to report com­ education specialist. And aeronautical engi­ Aerospace-Aviation Education Task pletely and accurately all the many and neer Joan Barriage holds a top post as the Force for the State of California, on diversified jobs done by women in aerospace Deputy Director of the Office of Environ­ which Loretta Foy was a principal mem­ today. Here are just a few that are repre­ mental Quality. sentative of what women have done, can do, And at NASA women have important roles ber. The task force was endorsed by then are doing, and given the opportunity, will in space research. Marjorie Townsend of Governor Reagan and superintendent of do, to further advance technological develop­ NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center was the public instruction, Wilson Riles. ments for continued U.S. leadership in aero­ first woman to manage a space launch and The task force was in existence for 2 space. was the winner of the Federal Women's years and the 30 members explored all In 1910, Blanche Scott Stuart, in an un­ Award in 1972. Dr. Nancie Lee Bell is a lead­ scheduled take-off (strong wind) was the ing microbiologist at NASA's Ames Research aspects of aerospace education. The 99's Center in California. Dr. Nancy Roman, one and Whirly-Girls were a great asset to first woman to solo. She went on to become an exhibition pilot. Harriet Quimby, drama of the world's leading astronomers, is pro­ the effort. I suggest that my congres­ critic of Vogue magazine, was the first gram scientist for the astronomical Nether­ sional colleagues read the content and American woman licensed pilot, and the first lands satellite and the small astronomy sat­ recognize this article as a shining ex­ to :fly the English Channel in 1912. ellite to be launched this year to investi­ ample of women's significant contribu­ In the 1930's, Helen Richey was the first gate X-ray sources. tion in American aerospace. The article woman to wear an airline uniform and :fly In 1961, Jerrie Cobb was the first U.S. from the right seat. Also in the 30's, the woman to undergo the astronaut tests. She follows: passed, but did not have the test pilot ex­ A SALUTE TO WOMEN IN AEROSPACE famous Jacqueline Cochran started her record-breaking career (her speed records perience required then. For the la.st eight The year 1975 has been proclaimed by in the P-51 still holds), and she was the first yea.rs Jerrie has been a jungle pilot in South the United Nation's General Assembly as woman to break the sound barrier. America., :flying doctors, missionaries, and International Women's Year. America's year­ During World War II she organized the medicines to the Indian tribes in Amazonia. long "Salute to women" ls outlined in an WASPs (Women's Airforce Service Pilots). In IN THE MILITARY alphabetical calendar. It began in January the program 1074 women won their wings with A-for women of achievement in avia­ When the WASPs (Women's Airforce Serv­ and :flew 60 million miles for the U.S. Army ice Pilots) :flew for the Army Air Corps dur­ tion and the aeronautical and aerospace Air Corps. sciences. Thus, this is an appropriate time ing World War II, they were civilians. In The first woman to reach toward space was 1973, the Navy for the first time opened to recognize women for their significant con­ the record-setting balloonist, Jeanette Pi­ tributions to the broad field of aerospace. aviator training to women and enrolled eight card of Minneapolis, Minn., who in 1934 rose prospective pilots in the first course. They January 11, 1975, the 40th anniversary of to the height of 57,559 feet. And today Con­ have completed their training and are now Amelia Earhart's record-breaking fiight from stance Wolf of Blue Bell, Pa., holder of 15 assigned to naval air stations around the Honolulu to Oakland, was selected as the international records, is the leading U.S. country. The Army followed in a few months, take-off date for the year because Amelia woman balloonist. and now has two qualified women Army Earhart's deeds and qualities were an inspira­ Aviator helicopter pilots. The first, Lt. Sally tion to women everywhere. IN AEROSPACE It is not possible to recite here the large Murphy, now is taking fixed wing training "AE", the first woman to :fly both the at Ft. Rucker, while the second, Lt. Linda Atlantic and Pacific solo, was t!le first presi­ number of positions held by women through­ out all facets of the aerospace industry. Horan, is at Army Test Pilot School at Ft. dent of The Ninety-Nines, international or­ Eustis, Va. ganization of licensed women pilots. She The variety of their important roles in­ was always interested in encouraging other cludes research and development, engineer­ IN AIR TRANSPORTATION women to :fly and to help in their careers. ing, airframe welding, assembly and instal­ Amelia Earhart pioneered many of the air In 1929, 99 of the then 117 U.S. women lation of complicated electronic systems and routes flown today and predicted the world­ pilots met and organized; hence the name. subsystems, computer programing, design­ wide use of air transportation. She proved Today there are more than 4000 members in ing aircraft components and interiors, sell­ to be right and would have been proud of 22 countries. The 99's award seven Amelia ing and :flying the finished products, and per­ the women who followed her :flight paths Earhart scholarships each year. forming in top management positions. and of their role today in this segment of Today, women in aerospace: For example, Mrs. Yvonne Brill invented aerospace. push the throttle and patented a design for a. "Dual Thrust In May 1963, Betty Miller made a record monitor oil spllls in the Gulf of Mexico Level Monopropellant Spacecraft Propulsion solo :flight from California to Australia (the help launch satellites System." With RCA since 1966, Mrs. Brill reverse of Miss Earhart's :flight) , the first dust crops analyzes and designs spacecraft propulsion such :flight by a. woman. For this she was hunt hurricanes systems for use in communications, naviga­ awarded the first FAA Exceptional Service make trans-Atlantic delivery :O.ighta tion, scientific and meterological applica­ Award a.nd personally was congratulated by design cockpits tions. President Kennedy in the Oval Office. In March 4, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5187 May 1964, a Columbus, Ohio, housewife and would be unconscionable and indefensi­ Emblematic of our founders-­ mother of three, Jerrie Mock, flew her Cessna ble for America to overlook the realities Those who died for you and me." 180 around the world in 29% days in his­ of suppression in Lithuania that we Both day and night long hours he labored, tory·s first globe-circling flight by a woman. might be soothed by the peaceful jargon This plucky man at the nation's desk. She too received the FAA Gold Medal and Never with bribes were his duties besmirched; was congratulated by President Johnson in o:!: detente. Never a problem but brought forth his the Rose Garden. In Buffalo, the Knights of Lithuania, best. Both Betty Miller and Jerrie Mock served and the Lithuanian Club of Buffalo con­ on the FAA Women's Advisory Committee tinue to focus attention and action upon Soon plans unheard of in former years, for Aviation, and both are members of the the plight of the Lithuanian people. Came from beneath that Capitol dome; 99's and The Whirly-Girls, the latter a Plans to re-establish business Their efforts on the local level deserve And save each workman's humble home. world-wide organization of women helicopter vigorous f ollowup on the congressional pilots. level. We cannot forget the brave Soon the hungry were fed and clothed. :IN CO:Mll-1UNICATIONS struggle of the Lithuanian people. Money long hid in the Treasury vault, Tony Page began her aviation news writing Was brought forth to feed hungry mouths. career in 1940 by contributing articles to Some said he was generous to a fault. Southern (now Flight) magazine. She be­ "They must be cared for," he firmly reminded. came aviation editor for The Valley Times of "For what better cause could money be North Hollywood, Calif., in 1945 while free­ POEM IN MEMORY AND HONOR OF PRESIDENT FRANKLIN ROOSE­ spent?" lance writing for other aviation publications Banks were opened and business resumed; including Cross Country News. In 1952 she VELT Into the mountains young men were sent- purchased Cross Country News and is now its editor and publisher. To do the work that would keep them clean, The versatile Valerie Petrie keeps herselt And out of the gutters of city street. busy at Plane & Pilot magazine, where she HON. MICHAEL HARRINGTON Four years he served and planned great is both managing editor and company pilot. OF MASSACHUSETTS things; Page Shamburger's first flying reporter job IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES He was saving our nation from defeat! was for American Aviation. Flying in her own Tuesday, March 4, 1975 Like all great men he was cruelly assailed plane, she visited 3000 airports. In 1965 she By cranks who would oust a man of was the first woman to fly on an official Air Mr. HARRINGTON. Mr. Speaker, a power- Force hurricane hunter mission. She is the Those morbid fiends from the lower ranks author of six aviation books. constituent of mine, Theodore Saflne of Jean Blashfield served as Editor-in-Chief Peabody, Mass., has recently sent me a Envious of each great man of the hour. of the "Encyclopedia of Aviation and Space poem written in memory and honor of But right is might, and the people knew Sciences." President Franklin Roosevelt. That they owed their all to this brainful There is no doubt that women in aerospace As he requested, I would like to insert man; have done and are doing much. It is a field the poem in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD Smiles had taken the place of tears that is expanding for them every day, and in at this time for the information of my Long e'er his second term began. all directions. colleagues and others who have the op~ No other man since America's birth portunity to read the REco~. Has coped with such trying and dangerous The text follows: times, FRANKLIN DELANO ROOSEVELT Restoring laughter to tear dimmed eyes, LITHUANIAN INDEPENDENCE DAY As steadily upward prosperity climbs. (By Theodore Safine) Clouds of want swept o'er a land Word of his greatness rapidly spread HON. JACK F. KEMP Once famed for plenty, joy and health; To other lands where they praise his name, he OF NEW YORK Ragged babies cried for food And tell how avoided the !all of a nation. And how he merits the highest acclaim. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES As parents lost their homes and wealth. Beloved by men the world a.round, Tuesday, March 4, 1975 A nation once so grand and proud, Bowed her head in grief and want, From north to south, and east to west, Mr. KEMP. Mr. Speaker, I would like As misery spread o'er all the land, A whole world proudly, fondly vows to join the Lithuanian-Americans of And crops and stock were lean and gaunt. Forever will his name be blest ! Bu!falo, and throughout the Nation, in Depression clouds grew ever darker; commemoration of the 57th anniversary Strong minds and hearts must meet the of the establishment of the Republic of need; Lithuania on February 16, 1975. For leadership a nation prayed, A WARNING TO HEED With the establishment of the republic To save the world from crime and greed at the end of World War I, the Lithuan­ Even the soil seemed bent on ruin; HON. ROBERT E. BAUMAN ian people enjoyed 20 years of self-deter­ Sand storms darkened gloomy days. OF MARYLAND mination and personal and religious A situation sad and ominous, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES freedom. This was a period of economic And never a leader to solve new ways! Tuesday, March 4, 1975 stabilization, and a period of flourishing Here was a tragic problem new, national culture. That threatened to engulf a race. Mr. BAUMAN. Mr. Speaker, as all in­ Tragically, Lithuanian independence Surely only a man of magic dependent Americans should, the Balti­ was short-lived. In 1939, the Soviet Union Could stem the vicious awful pace. more News American has taken note of began its occupation of Lithuania-and Questioning eyes looked into tears the concern expressed by the Director of continues to this day to occupy and sub­ Of those whose cheeks were wet with the CIA, Mr. William E. Colby, regarding jugate the Lithuanian State. grief, the pending congressional investigations Although forcibly incorporated by the Pleading, questioning, where the end? of his and other intelligence agencies. It Soviet Union, Lithuanians today have no Would some good come to bring relief? is my hope that a Congress that was will­ more accepted foreign occupation than "Experts" brought forth plans amazing: ing to abolish its own investigative unit they did in 1939. Despite Soviet tactics We must entirely change our ways! aimed at subversion, the House Commit­ of terror, of cultural and political ma­ But all their foolish radical ravings tee on Internal Security, will not now nipulation, suppression and propaganda, Accomplished only darker days. conduct a witch hunt against the agen­ the Lithuanian national sphit has not Then suddenly a light appeared! cies of Government who are charged been dissolved or diminished-and con­ A sunny smile shone through the air, with protecting our Nation. tinues to be a memorial to the dignity of When came a man of sterling vision, I include the editorial at this point in all mankind. With firm kind face and graying hair. my remarks: Mr. Speaker, a.s we pause in commem­ In hopeful tones he calmed his people; A WARNING To HEED oration of Lithuanian independence, it He'd do his best to lead them through William E. Colby, director of the beleag­ is incumbent upon us to be vigilant of The chaos and the deepening labrynth, uered Central Intelligence Agency, la.st week detente--and to be aware of what Into sunny pastures new. gave Congress a grim warning of the damage detente with the Soviets has not meant "Always must our nation flourish; already done to national security operations to the brave people of Lithuania. It Always must our freedom be by what he called "exaggerated" press alle- CXXI---328-Part 4 5188 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 4, 1975 gations-and the potential future damage nually by the Veterans of Foreign Wars inherent in pending probes by publicity­ for it is impossible to ignite fever in an­ of the United States and its Ladies Aux­ other man's soul if we don't have it in our seeking Washington lawmakers. own. Both the Senate and the House, heavily iliary. dominated by the Democratic party, have I am further informed that the win­ I can begin by taking an active, effective established Watergate-type select committees ning contestants from each State will be part in this ingenius government, tackling soon to begin quasi-public investigations of brought to Washington, D.C., for the first the startling fact that roughly 40% of the CIA, the FBI and all other hush-hush my nation fails to vote each year. Apathy :final national judging as guests of the is our deadliest enemy for in the words of government agencies. With revealing signif­ Veterans of Foreign Wars. The prize for icance, the House committee has allotted Woodrow Wilson- only three of its 10 seats to Republicans. the national winner is a $10,000 scholar­ "Freedom exists only where the people In rare public testimony before a House ship. The winning contestants from each take care of the government." Appropriations sub-committee last Thursday, State will be further honored on the eve­ In a government of, for, and by the people, Mr. Colby undertook to deny charges in the ning of March 11, 1975, from 6 p.m. to both the problems and the remedies lie New York Times and elsewhere that the 9 p.m. at the Veterans of Foreign Wars strictly with you and me and our own God­ CIA conducted "massive illegal domestic in­ given strengths. As long as we retain the annual congressional dinner at the Sher­ ability to come to grips with this fact, we will telligence operations." Admitting that some aton-Park Hotel, Washington, D.C. minor stretching of the CIA charter may have never fall from within because of disillu­ occurred in pursuing possible foreign links In this connection, Mr. Speaker, I in­ sionment, immorality, lack of faith, or a to American dissidents, Mr. Colby neverthe­ clude Miss Haga's winning speech in more attractive form of power that lies be­ less insisted : the RECORD, so that each Member of yond our borders. Likewise, with such vast "It was neither massive, illegal nor (funda­ Congress and the citizens of the Nation inner strength, we can never be vulnerable mentally) domestic, as charged. All our might have the benefit of the thoughts to attacks from without. General Douglas operations were made at presidential direc­ McArthur once sald- of a young 17-year-old Virginia lady: "The inescapable price of liberty is the tive and under authority of the National MY RESPONsmn.ITIY AS A CrrIZEN Security Act." ability to preserve it from destruction." This admittedly real consideration, he went As a part of growing and learning, it has So long as you and I stand by this moral on, was negligible when compared with the become a compulsory rule to look back at obligation, whatever duty demands, we can harm done to national security operations the pages in our nation's history. If, per live up to the title, "Citizens of America". by what he termed "hysterical" charges chance, what we see, read, and hear is begin­ against the agency. ning to get a little trite, then probably we Already, he said, CIA relations with in­ are missing an important revelation that telligence groups in allied nations have been glares at us from every page. THE RECORD OF THE WPA AND jeopardized, the very lives of American spies Can it be, fellow citizen, that as we en­ OTHER NEW DEAL PROGRAMS on dangerous missions abroad have been im­ joy the fruit handed down by those before periled, and CIA morale in general has been us, we neglect to plant seeds of our own? lowered dangerously. I am told often of the Revolution; of the HON. AUGUSTUS F. HAWKINS struggles of our forefathers to obtain cer­ "These last two months have placed Amer­ OF CALIFORNIA ican intelligence in danger,'' Mr. Colby said. tain God-given rights of freedom-life, "Exaggeration and misrepresentations of CIA liberty, and the pursuit of happiness-so IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES activities do irreparable ha.rm to our intel­ that future generatio:µs, You and I, would Tuesday, March 4, 1975 ligence apparatus. If carried to the extreme, never be deprived of them. I read of how (they) would blindfold our country as it a group of courageous, freedom-loving men Mr. HAWKINS. Mr. Speaker, during looks ahead." boldly set down a list of signatures on a the recent months as our national eco­ What the director clearly suggested was document which would officially grant you nomic crisis has rapidly worsened there that the forthcoming select committee and me the freedom to enjoy these same have been more and more references to probes, with their built-in danger of private­ rights. Determination and responsibility various of the depression-era economic session leaks, are a dandy way of serving the kept them going, even as they faced possible recovery programs, especially the Works curiosity of Moscow spies far more than the execution. I have looked, misty-eyed, at long, interests of the American people. In a ter­ innumerable rows of white crosses; the only Progress Administration, the Civilian ribly competitive, war-threatened world. recognition that thousands upoi:. thousands Conservation Corps, and others. I have even democracies are obliged to have self­ of young men have gained for the scourge asked the Library of Congress Research protective secrets--or else. a.nd horror of world war. Their names didn't Service to do a short study of some of Like CIA Director Colby, we view the im­ make it to the history books because their the accomplishments of these programs, pending Senate and House inquiries with responsibilities as citizens remained far more which I believe is deserving of the Mem­ both resignation and trepidation. Congress supreme. Then, perhaps somewhat less re­ bers' attention. The study follows: has a perfect right to pui·sue the planned mote to my lifetime, I have known the ir­ probes-which incidentally are supposed to rational assassination of a few of America's THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS, go on quietly all the time as part of its great leaders like Kennedy and King. These CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE, budget control responsibility. It is the specter men were also Willing to take a risk for their Washington, D.C., February 7, 1975. of politics vs. security which is so alarming. nation, dying in the midst of mighty efforts To: The Honorable Augustus F. Hawkins. Sometimes-when especially discouraged­ and not in the cozy little rut in which too Attention: Gilbert Vigil. it is possible to view some of the decisions many Americans are content to live out From: Peter B. Sheridan, Analyst, Govern­ of our national legislators as not only self­ their lives. ment and General Research Division serving but self-defeating. We fear that the We as citizens find it far easier to take (Kenneth E. Gray, Chief). hippodrome probes of national security our gift of liberty for granted than to remem­ Subject: Background information on the agencies now looming may well fall into ber how and from whom they were granted. Civilian Conservation Corps, the Public both categories. It seems that few of us live each day think­ Works Administration, the Works ing desperate, long-ranged thoughts about Progress (and Work Projects) Admin­ how we will live, or die if need be, to keep istration, the National Youth Adminis­ America the superior nation that she is for tration, and the Reconstruction Finance VOICE OF DEMOCRACY CONTEST our children who will follow us. Some regard Corporation. it as unnecessary. In response to your inquiry of January 28, Ah, but it is necessary. We must strive 1975, concerning the establishment and HON. WILLIAM C. WAMPLER to keep within us from day to day, the truth­ record of the above-mentioned agencies, I ful conviction of the late Dwight D. Eisen­ OF VIRGINIA submit, attached hereto, a brief analysis of hower- the origins, objectives, and accomplish­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES "Freedom from fear and injustice and op­ ments of such agencies. Tuesday, March 4, 1975 pression will be ours only in the measure The four New Deal agencies (CCC, PWA, that men who value such freedom are ready WPA, and NYA) described in the attached Mr. WAMPLER. Mr. Speaker, I re­ to sustain its possession-to defend it report had their origins in Franklin D. cently received a letter from Mr. Cooper against every thrust from within or with­ Roosevelt's attempts to alleviate the desper­ T. Holt, executive director of the Vet­ out." ate condition of an estimated 15,000,000 erans of Foreign Wars, that a young It is my responsibility to nurture these unemployed. These four "alphabetical" lady from my congressional district, Miss blessings of freedom at all costs while en­ agencies constituted a massive attack on the Nancy Catherine Haga, Route 3, Box couraging others to do the same. For any problems of unemployment caused by the democracy composed of persons who value Great Depression beginning in 1929 and are 212, Independence, Va., was the winning this freedom wlll remain a working democ­ considered prime examples of the relief and speech contestant from the Common­ racy. For this reason we must open the eyes recovery measures of Roosevelt's New Deal. wealth of Virginia in the national Voice of those who don't value it. We can achieve The Reconstruction Finance Corporation of Domocracy Contest, conducted an- this only by living up to our responsibilities, (RFC) was created in the last year of the March 4, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5189 Hoover Adm.ln1stration and originally pos­ construction, repair and Improvement of employment of needy school, college, and sessed a rather llm1ted range of authority. highways, parkways, public buildings, and graduate students between 16 .and 25 years of This was broadened considerably when other facilities. age so that they could continue their edu­ Roosevelt became President. Almost every conceivable type of public cation. works projects was embraced by PWA's ac­ 2. To provide funds for the part-time em­ ployment on work projects of young per­ THE ORIGINS, OBJECTIVES, AND ACCOMPLISH• tivities. PWA built bridges, tunnels b.arbors, sons, chieily from relief familles, between 18 MENTS OF THE CCC, PWA, WPA, NYA, AND involved itself in the construction of naval vessels, combat planes, and more than fifty a.nd 25 years of age. The projects were de­ THE RFC military airports. signed not only to give these young people CIVILIAN CONSERVATION CORPS (CCC) The PWA made grants and loans to state valuable work experience, but also to bene­ The history of the Civilian Conservation and local governments for numerous con­ fit youth generally and the communities in Corps falls into three periods. The first period struction projects including school and col­ which they lived. was initiated by the Emergency Conservation lege buildings and libraries. From 1933 to 3. To encourage the establishment of job Act of 1933. This Act, supplemented by Ex­ 1939, the PWA helped construct more than training, counseling, and placement services ecutive Order 6101, authorized the establish­ 70% of the country's new school buildings, for youth. ment of camps where employment and train­ 65 % of its courthouses, city balls, and sew­ 4. To encourage the development and ex­ ing was provided for youthful unemployed age plants, and 35 % of its hospitals and pub­ tension of constructive leisure-time activi­ citizens of the United States. The second lic health facilities. ties. period was initiated by the Act of June 28, WORKS PROGRESS (AND WORK PROJECTS) The National Youth Administration was 1937. This Act formally established the ADMINISTRATION (WPA) in operation eight years (1935-1943). In that Civilian Conservation Corps as a definite time, a total of $662,300,000 was expended, of agency within the governmental framework, The Works Progress Administration was created by Executive Order 7034 of May 6, which $467,500,000 for the school work pro­ and gave legal recognition to the title which gram. The NYA gave part-time employment long had been in use. The third period began 1935, under authority of the Emergency Re­ lief Appropriation Act of 1935, and continued to more than 600,000 college students and to on July 1, 1939, when the Civilian Conser­ more than one and half million high school vation Corps, by the Act of April 3, 1939 by subsequent yearly Emergency Relief Ap­ propriation Acts. The name was changed to students. During the same period the NYA known as the Reorganization Act of 1939, was aided over 2.6 million jobless youths ( 45 % transferred by the President to the Federal the Work Projects Administration on July 1, 1939 by Reorganization Plan 1 which pro­ female) who were not in schooL Many of Security Agency. This transfer did not change these received vocational training in NYA the administrative set-up of the Corps, but vided for the consolidation of the Works Progress Administration into the Federal workshops. during this period more attention was di­ RECONSTRUCTION FINANCE CORPORATION (RFC) rected to the national defense program. Works Agency. Vocational training for defense industry and With the approach of World War n. the The Reconstruction Finance Corporation military drill for all enrollees were initiated WPA aided the defense effort by engaging was created by special Act of Congress on in this third period. In May, 1940, the in construction at various military installa­ January 22, 1932. The RFC was organized Civilian Conservation Corps began convert­ tions. The war brought increased employ­ and began op~rations on February 2, 1932. ing to defense work on military reservations ment and in a letter from the President to Extended several times, the liquidation of and forest protection. The Labor-Federal the Federal Works Administration. Decem­ the RFC was provided for by an Act of July Security Appropriation Act of 1943 provided ber 4, 1942, the liquidation of the program 30, 1953. This Act terminated the lending for the liquidation of the Civilian Conser­ was authorized. On June 30, 1943 the agency powers of the RFC effective September 28, vation Corps not later than June 30, 1943. was terminated. 1953 and liquidation of the Corporation's The objectives of the Civilian Conservation The general objective of the WPA was to assets began at that time. The same Act also Corps were to provide the unemployed work operate a program of useful public works created the Small Business Administration of a public nature in the construction, projects. and to aid employable needy per­ while providing for the continuation of the maintenance, and conduct of programs of sons by providing work on such projects. RFC until June 30, 1954. Thereafter, in reforestation, the prevention of forest fires, In its eight years of operation the WPA furthering the liquidation process. the Secre­ floods, and soil erosion, the control of plant gave work to more than eight million unem­ tary of the Treasury succeeded to and exer­ pests and from attacks by insects and tree ployed in a sometimes bewildering variety .cised all powers, duties, and authority pre~ diseases; and by mosquito control helped of projects. Millions were spent on such proj­ viously lodged in the Administrator of the stamp out malaria. They also helped control ects as 600,000 miles of highways, 125,~00 RFC. Effective June 30, 1957, the RFC was predatory animals and rodents on nearly 40 public buildings, 78,000 bridges, 8,000 parks, abolished and its remaining functions trans­ million acres of range lands. The Civilian 850 airport landing fields, 5,900 school build­ ferred to the Housing and Home Finance Conservation Corps added more than 17 mil­ ings, and nearly 13,000 playgrounds. The WPA Agency, the General Services Administration, lion acres of forest land; and it has been built or improved more than 2,500 hospitals. the Small Business Administration, and the estimated that of all the forest planting, Other activities of tne WPA included re­ Department of the Treasury. public and private, in the history of the forestation projects and the construction of Broadly stated, the object of the Recon­ nation, more than half was done by the dams and dikes as a measure of flood control. struction Finance Corporation was to aid in A novel feature of the WPA was the crea­ financing agriculture, commerce, and indus­ Corps. try, to encourage small business, to help in PUBLIC WORKS ADMiNISTRATION (PWA) tion of a Federal Arts, Writers•, and Theater Program. This gave employment to thou­ maintaining economic stability of the coun­ The National Industrial Recovery Act of sands of writers, artists, and musicians. The try, and to assist in promoting maximum June 16, 1933 provided for the creation of Writers' Project, for example, prepared about employment and production. the Federal Emergency Administration of a thousand publications, including fifty-one The RFC act was passed by a House con­ Public Works. It was not until July, 1939 state and territorial guides, some thirty city trolled by the Democrats and a Senate run that the agency became officially designated guides, twenty regional guides, and several by a coalition of Democrats and Republican as the Public Works Administration. Re­ special studies. The Federal Theater Project progressives. The measure was adopted by organization Plan 1, which became effective presented plays to many people who had President Hoover with more than a little on July 1, 1939, consolidated the Federal never seen a theatrical production, and the reluctance. Emergency Administration of Public Works artists produced paintings, sculptures, and Under President Hoover, the RFC was au­ into the Federal Works Agency to be ad­ more than 2,500 murals in public buildings thorized to lend money to banks, railroads, ministered as the Public Works Administra­ throughout the nation. and other institutions. When Roosevelt put tion. PWA was scheduled to expire several Jesse Jones, a Texas banker, at the head of NATIONAL YOUTH ADM:INISTRATION (NYA) times but was extend~d by various appropri­ the RFC it became a vastly difierent insti­ ations. The Independent Office Appropriation The National Youth Administration was tution. Among the largest and most complex Act for fiscal 1943 extended the Public Works established within the Works Progress Ad­ of all Federal lending agencies, the RFC be­ Administration to June 30, 1943. By Execu­ ministration by Executive Order 7086 of came the banker for many of the new relief tive Order 9357, of June 30, 1943, the PWA's June 26, 1935, under authority of the Emer­ and recovery agencies. Loans were made for functions were transferred to the office of gency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935 ( 48 many purposes, including construction of the Federal Works Administration. This Stat. 115). Effective July 1, 1939, the NYA school buildings, teachers' salary payments, agency was abolished by an act approved was transferred by Reorganization Plan No. and refinancing of indebtedness incurred for June 30, 1949, and its functions transferred 1 to the Federal Security Agency (later reor­ educational purposes. to the General Services Administration. ganized into the Department of Health, Edu­ During its twenty-one years and eight The objectives of the PWA were to pro­ cation and Welfare). By Executive Order 9247 months of operation, the Reconstruction Fi­ mote and stabilize employment and pur­ of Sept. 17, 1942, the NYA was transferred nance Corporation made some 240,000 loans chasing power by the encouragement of con­ to the War Manpower Commission where it involving twelve billion dollars. Aside from struction of useful public works projects functioned within the Bureau of Training. its peacetime activities, the Reconstruction through loans and/or grants to non-Fed­ The NYA was dissolved by an Act of July 12, Finance Corporation, under legislation in eral public bodies and, to a limited extent, 1943, having terminated its war production 1940 and 1950, assumed large military re­ by financing construction of Federal projects. projects and liquidated its holdings. sponsibilities, e.g., purchases of strategic The PWA was authorized to develop long­ The major objectives of the National items, financing war production facilities, .range plans for a com.prehenslve program of Youth Administration were as follows: and administration of the war damage insur­ public works projects which included the 1. To provide funds for the part-time ance program. 5190 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 4, 1975 LITHUANIAN INDEPENDENCE Department of State to publicly reaffirm the natural economic stabilizers, primarily United States Polley of non-recognition of the forcefUl annexation of the Baltic States through long-range, comprehensive tax by Soviet Russia, and to maintain that policy reforms. I invite my colleagues in Con­ HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI gress to join Dr. Fellner in support of the OF ILLINOIS during all negotiations with the Soviet Union, especially, those concerned with the true and effective reforms offered by IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES new Detente policy; and further complete indexation of the Federal tax Tuesday, March 4, 1975 Resolved, to request the President of the structure. United States to vigorously implement House The entire text of Dr. Fellner's speech Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, sev­ Concurring Resolution 416 to the fullest eral weeks ago, the House commemo­ extent. before the Civil Service Commission on rated the 57th anniversary of Lithuanian KAzys LAUKAITIS, February 13, 1975, and Hobart Rowan's independence by placing appropriate re­ President. article of February 14, 1975, published in marks in the RECORD. VYTAUTAS KAMANTAS, the Washington Post follow: I am pleased to insert at this time a Secretary. WHY INDEXED TAX SYSTEMS PROVIDE THE resolution that was adopted by the NEEDED FRAME OF REFERENCE Lithuanian-Americans of the Chicago (By Dr. William J. Fellner) Western Suburbs in Lemont, ID., which Having served on the Council of Economic calls for the reaffirmation of U.S. policy WHY INDEXED TAX SYSTEMS PRO­ Advisers since the Fall of 1973, I am about of nonrecognition of the forceful an­ VIDE THE NEEDED FRAME OF to return to my earlier work and will con­ REFERENCE tinue to be engaged in economic research. nexation of Lithuania by Soviet Russia. Let me make a few observations about one RESOLUTION of the several problems I take along with me We, Lithuanian-Americans of the Chicago HON. PHILIP M. CRANE for further thinking and exploration. Western Suburbs at a meeting held on Feb­ OF U.LINOIS The distorting effect of inflation on the ruary 9, 1975, commemorating the 57th an­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tax structure has developed into a very dis­ niversary of the establishment of the Repub­ turbing problem, and it is one to which more lic of Lithuania in 1918, and the 724th an­ Tuesday, March 4, 1975 attention needs to be paid as we go along. niversary of the formation of the Lithuanian Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, Dr. William The only systematic way of gradually remov­ Kingdom in 1251, unanimously adopt the ing these distortions would be to use an in­ following resolution: J. Fellner, a member of the President's dexed tax system as the point of departure Whereas in 1918 the Republic of Lithua­ Council of Economic Advisers and pre­ for any tax-rate adjustments we may wish nia was established by the free exercise of the viously an opponent of indexation for to make in the future. right of self-determination by the Lithua­ Federal taxes and obligations, came out Indexing the tax-structure means not al­ nian people; and in strong support of this proposal, in a lowing taxpayers to move from nontaxable Whereas by the Peace Treaty of July 12, recent speech delivered in King's Point, into taxable brackets, or from lower into 1920, Soviet Russia officially recognized the N.Y. On behalf of my colleagues and my.. higher tax brackets, as a result of increases sovereignty and independence of Lithua­ self who have worked for many months in money incomes that reflect merely the rate nia and voluntarily renounced forever all of inflation since some base year; and in­ sovereign rights and claims by Russia over now on enacting legislation, I welcome dexation exempts :from taxation any revalu­ Lithuanian soil and her people; and his conversion and support, and I wish ation of an unchanging stock of assets to the Whereas from 1920 to 1940 Lithuania was to share some of the pe1tinent observa­ extent that the revaluation merely re:flects a fully independent and sovereign nation, a tions made by Professor Fellner in his the inflation rate. A number o:f technical member of the League of Nations, and a sig­ address. decisions would have to be ma.de to arrive natory of numerous international treaties This year's annual report of the Coun­ at a firm decision as to what precisely the with the Soviet Union; and cil of Economic Advisers reveals that the shape of the 1974 tax structure would have Whereas the Soviet Union during June 15- 1974 infiation rate of 11 percent caused been if it had been indexed so as to be in­ 17, 1940, invaded and occupied Lithuania by :fluenced neither by the tax-bracket conse­ overwhelming force of arms, and subsequent­ personal income tax payments to rise by quences of the inflation rate from, sa.y, 1973 ly, forcibly annexed the Lithuanian Nation $8 billion. Mr. Fellner asserted that this to 1974 nor by 1974 asset-revaluations ex­ into the Soviet Union; and increase is directly attributable to the pressing merely the genera.I rate of inflation. Whereas the Soviet Union has systemat­ relocation of taxpayers' dollar income But I would expect reasonable expects to be ically conducted a policy of colonization, into new, distorted taxable income levels. able to agree on acceptable procedures in this ethnic dilution and Russification within He points out: regard, though the question of what devia­ Lithuania; and In any event, the $8 billion estimate for tions of the actual tax structure from an Whereas the United States Government indexed structure so derived would be con­ maintains diploma.tic relations with the gov­ 1974 ls based on the assumption that the distorting effect of inflation results exclu­ sidered most desirable would, of course, re­ ernment of the Free Republic of Lithuania main a matter of personal judgment. and consistently has refused to recognize the sively from the relocation of taxpayers from non-taxable into taxable brackets, and from In the 1975 Annual Report of the Council seizure of Lithuania and forced incorpora­ of Economic Advisers it was estimated that tion of this freedom-loving country into the lower to higher brackets, because their money incomes reflect an inflationary trend in 1974 an 11 percent inflation rate has in­ . Soviet Union; and which their real incomes, of course, do not creased personal tax payments by at lea.st Whereas the people of Lithuania to this display. $8 billion. This ls a rough "measure" of dis­ very day are risking and sacrificing their lives tortion in one area of taxation, as compared in defiance of the Communist regime in seek­ Dr. Fellner proceeds with considerable to keeping the tax structure indexed from ing political and religious freedom, as detail to advance the need for complete 1973 on. The further one wanted to go back demonstrated by the Lithuanian sailor, Simas tax indexation since the corporate. tax into the past in setting the base year the Kudirka, the self-immolation of Romas Ka­ structure also allows inflation to deprive more difficult would it become to measure lanta, and the subsequent demonstration of the various distortions, because of earlier thousands of young Lithuanians, and the corporate taxpayers of more of their real tax-rate adjustments and because it is im­ petition of 17,000 Lithuanian Roman Catho­ incomes than Congress intended. Indeed, possible to tell to what extent the legislators lics to Kurt Waldheim of the United Nations, private enterprise would have been saved were at that time influenced by the post- and most recently untold numbers of Lithua­ nearly $20 billion in 1974 alone had no 1965 inflationary trend. In any event the $8 nians arrested and imprisoned for the pub­ taxes been levied on inflationary gains, billion estimate for 1974 ls based on the as­ lication and distribution of "The Chronical strictly on corporate taxpayers. sumption that the distorting effect of in­ of the Lithuanian Catholic Church"; and Therefore, in 1974, the cost of non­ flation results exclusively from the reloca­ Whereas the 89th U.S. Congress unani­ indexed, progressive taxation to the Na­ tion of taxpayers from non-taxable into tax­ mously passed House Concurring Resolution able brackets, and from lower to higher ta.x. 416 urging the President of the United States tion's taxpayers was almost $30 billion. brackets, because their money incomes re­ to direct the question of the Baltic Nations Conversely, Dr. Fellner continued: flect an inflationary trend which their real and other international forums, focusing at­ I have concluded that tax indexation such incomes, of course, do not display. This tention on the denial of the rights of self• as would have excluded the inflationary dis­ however, for reasons already hinted at and determination for the peoples of Lithuania., tortions developing during 1974 would have to be explained in a moment, does not take Latvia, and Estonia, and to bring the force ot led to a reduction of tax payments by up to ca.re of the inflationary tax distortions suf­ world opinion to bear on behalf of the re­ $30 billion in that year. fered by those earning interest or a yield storation of these rights to the Baltic peo­ from assets of any sort. ple; now, therefore be it Mr. Speaker, we are all looking for Recipients of interest a.re not freed from Resolved, that we, Lithuanian-Americans ways to relieve recessionary pressures, the distorting effects of infia.tion if after, will urge the President of the United States, while simultaneously combating infla­ sa.y, a 10 percent general price increase and Members of Congress, and the United States tionary elemenw which removed many a 10 percent increase of their money income March 4, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5191 they are kept in an unchanging tax bracket . involved in the rechannelling of part of the The CEA report cited the following example The distor tion would be eliminated for t h em tax-saving from the corporations to credi­ to show the tax effects of inflation on ~ only if we recognized also that up to a 10 tors, sii;i.ce not all taxable interest income family of four that filed a joint return of percen·t nominal r a..te of interest t hey earned derives from corporate borrowing. $10,000 in 1972, paying federal taxes of $905 no positive real income that is, by deducting Excluding recent inflationary distortions (·taking standard n on-itemized deductions). from their money-interest income a 10 per ­ through indexation for personal incomes in The same family in 1975, with a 30 per cent qent rate allowance for maintaining the real general, for interest-income (whether per­ increase in income to $13,000, matching a value of their savings. sonal or other) in particular, and also for 30 per cent increase in prices over the period The reason why it might have been con­ business profits, would probably have would pay $1,391 in taxes. In this case de~ fusing simply to merge this aspect of t h e brought about a larger loss in fiscal revenue spite the 30 per cent increase in money in­ tax-disto-rtion problem with the usual prob­ than will be caused by the rather fortuitous come, the real after-tax income would drop lem of removing distortions from the per­ tax-rate reductions on money incomes that almost 2 per cent in 3 years, the CEA said. sonal tax structure ls that the specific prob­ might take place in reality. I am planning to Under an indexed tax system, individuals lem of interest-recipien ts ties in quite closely explore the matter systematically and should woul~. not move into higher brackets, Fellner with the distortions inflation has cau sed in not speak as if I had already completed a said, as a result of increases in money in­ the area of corpor ate taxation. I nsofar as piece of systematic research on the subject comes that reflect merely the rate of infla­ but in a general way I did look into the corporations use the so-called FIFO-fu·st ~n. tion since some base year." first out-method of inventory valuation, availa.ble data, an d as yet quite tentatively I Corpora.th11ns would be exempt from in­ they are t axed on t he current-dollar gains have con cluded that tax indexation such as cluding in their taxable income "any reval­ developing when t hey replace their inven­ would have excluded the inflationary dis­ uation of an unchanging stock of asset s to tortions developing d uring 1974 would have the exten t that the revaluation merely re­ tories at higher prices, and in recent times lead to a reduction of tax payments by up to theae gains-wh ich are locked in for corpora­ flects the inflation rate." tions not reducing their inventories-have $30 blllion in that year. I am n ot urging a Fellner pointed ou t that indexat ion of correspondin g enlargement of the tax cuts personal income doesn't take care of the r efiected to a large extent t he general in­ planned at present but I am urging that we fia.tionary trend. Moreover, corporations a.re problem suffered by those whose interest re­ explore thoroughly t h e properties of an in­ t urn on in vest ments is wiped out or redu ced required to use the h istorical cost of ac­ dexed tax structure an d t hat we use the quisition of their plant and equipment as the by inflat ion . results as our frame of reference when He gave as an example a person whose in­ b asis for depreciation-in this regard they t hinking about tax adjustments. the FIFO-LIFO inventory valuation optlon­ vestment income increases 10 per cent while At present we are determined to reduce prices are rising 10 per cent, and who thus and, whenever they replace their fixed capi­ effective tax rates on money incomes, in tal a.t lnfia.ted prices, the difference between remains in an unchanged t ax bracket. large part because in the current recession In such a ca.se, Fellner said, the loss could the replacement cost and the historical cost automatic stabilizers are put out of commis­ of acquisition also shows as a taxable gain be compensated by deducting from money­ sion by the infiationary process. At other interest income 10 per cent rat e allowance in terms of current dollars. This too is a times we m ay want to reduce effect rates for "a tocked-in gain for going enterprises and re­ for maintaining the real value of their sav­ other reasons which are nevertheless likely ings." flects very largely the inflationary general t o have to do with a reduced but continued price trend. If no taxes had been levied on rise of the general price level. There will also But the question of shifting t he taxation these two types of inflationary gain this of interest income from "nominal" or money be t imes in our future history in which we value, to "real" income, Fellner said, is inti­ would have lowered tax collections sig­ will want to raise tax rates. In all these cases nificantly-in 1974 by an amount in the an orderly decisionmaking process requires mat ely connected with corporation taxation. neighborhood of $20 billion. The precise fig­ that we should have a frame of reference in In a fully indexed tax and acounting sys­ ure depends on wh.a.t measure of infia.tlon relat ion to which we can justify what we tem, he observed, corporations could report we use, but it would be difficult to arrive at are proposing to do. We should know what real rather than inflationary profits. But in an estimate of less than $15 billion for the the characteristics of our tax structure would computing their taxable profits, "they would reduction of the tax burden corresponding to be after exclusion of the recent inflationary deduct as interest cost merely the real in­ the exclusion of such inflationary revalua­ effects and we should be able to explain and terest they are paying their creditors " tion gains from the tax base. Most of the Justify why we propose to change that struc­ "Interest recipients of all categories: ·~­ inflationary nominal gain-the large inven­ ture whenever we wish to do so. A badly eluding owners of savings deposits, would in tory component--mu&t have developed as a inflation-ridden tax structure does not pro­ turn be taxed only on the 'real' component result of steep lnflation during very recent vide the needed. frame of reference. To con­ of their interest-income. when there ls such time spans, some of it-the fixed equipment tinue using such a structure as a frame of a component." component-as a result of inflation over a reference !or making adjustment "by feel" The Ford Administration has made no for­ long pedod. Tb.is problem of corporate taxa­ would be bad practice. mal proposals for indexation. The CEA report tion raises questions intimately connected. said that "truly comprehensive indexing ls with the taxation of interest-income that is [From the Washington Post, Feb. 14, 1975) not feasible immediately", although the merely "nominal" ra.ther than "real". practice ls spreading through various kinds The link is close because while a substan­ I N DEXED TAX STRUCTURE ADVOCATED BY of automatic adjustments and wage escala­ tial part of the inflationary inventory and FELLNER tors. fixed-capital revaluation gains, reflecting (By Hobart Rowen) Fellner said he was not recommending a current inflation trends, shows in taxable A member of the President's Council of further tax cut of $30 billion on top of the corporate book profits, another part of con­ Economic Advisers said yesterday that "in­ $16 billion already recommended. by the Ad­ siderable size shows in the taxable income of flationary distortions" had boosted 1974 tax ministration, but urged a thorough study of creditors who have contributed to financing payments by about $30 billion. indeXing, to be used "as our frame of refer­ the acquisition of inventories and of fixed William J. Fellner, in a speech to a Civil ence when thinking a.bout tax adjustments." capital. In an indexed tax and accounting Service Commisslor.. audience in Kings Point system corporations a.nd enterprises in gen­ N .Y ., st rongly advocated an indexed ta~ eral would, on the one hand, not include into st ructure-automatic adjustments of the tax THE HAZARDS OF LIQUID NATURAL their tax base the inflat ionary revaluation r ates to offset the effects of inflation-to take GAS IN POPULATED AREAS gains to which I have referred; on the other care of this problem. band, when computing their taxable profits Fellner is scheduled to resign shortly to they would deduct as interest cost merely the return to his post as resident scholar of the real int erest they are paying to their HON. FREDERICK W. RICHMOND American Enterprise Institute in Washing­ OF NEW YORK creditors, that is, they would deduct not an ton. A text of his speech was released here. mon ey interest but merely the difference IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES between money interest and the equivalent Increasing attention has been given re­ of t he inflat ion rate. Interest recipients of azi cently to the impact of inflation on the tax Tuesday, March 4, 1975 categories, including owners of savings de­ structure. The annual report of the CEA noted that inflation has been pushing in­ Mr. RICHMOND. Mr. Speaker, to see posits, would in turn be taxed only on the that many of my constituents from "real" component of their interest-income dividuals into higher tax brackets, "causing (where there is such a component). The a s ~gnificant transfer of real income from several communities of the 14th Con­ procedure so described would imply, among individuals to the government •. ." gressional District could have their views ot her. things, a rechannelling from corpora­ And a study published last week by the expressed, I made a statement before the t ions to their creditors that part of the tax Joint Economic Committee of Congress noted Federal Power Commission. That state­ savin?S which, while conveyed to the cor­ that h igher taxes had caused an even greater ment dealt with the storage and trans­ porations, are to be imputed to the creditors burden to many families t h an inflated food portation of liquid natural gas in the because at present taxable inflationary re­ or t ransportation costs. New York City area. valuation gains reflect themselves in part in F ellner's estimate of $30 billion as the cost This topic is of primary concern to me the creditors' taxable interest incomes rather of inflation in terms of high er tax obligat ions than in the taxable income of the borrower is made up of about $8 bllllon drained from and many citizens, whose lives are However .the tax burden of interest-recipi~ ind~viduals, and approximately another $20 threatened dally by this hazardous ents would become reduced below what is billion from corporations. Inaterlal. 5192 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 4, 1975 It is my hope that something tangible In any major collision, grounding or spill­ offices last week and found almost unan­ will come from those hearings and I age, there would be a whole range of haz­ imous support for- an increase in the submit my statement to the CoNGRES­ ards, the exact sequence of which ls hard to predict. It is necessary to point out what limitation. Many House Members are on s10NAL RECORD with that hope in mind: might happen following a harbor accident other bills to raise the limitation or do STATEMENT BY HON. FREDERICK W. RICHMOND involving liquid natural gas. The two basic away with it entirely. BEFORE THE FEDERAL POWER COMMISSION, assumptions following a gas release would be Considering the support ior this legis­ MARCH 3, 1975 an immediate fire or the creation of highly lation in the 94th Congress, much of Mr. Chairman: I am Fred Richmond, Con­ :flammable vapor clouds. which is continued from the 93d, I feel gressman from the 14th Congressional Dis­ The New York City Fire Department says: this is the year Congress will act for trict of New York. I would like to take thiS "The proposal to transfer liquid natural gas opportunity to thank you for allowing me to by barge from Staten Island across the har­ older citizens. Americans living on fixed address this Commission. bor and through Hell Gate in the East River incomes-incomes held down by the so­ The storage and transportation of Liquid poses substantial risks to public safety in the cial security earnings limitation--cannot Natural Gas is of particular interest to me view of the City of New York." maintain a decent standard of living because the safety and well-being of many We in New York are particularly alarmed ·with today's inflation. Our bill will allow of my constituents depends upon the regu­ because the New York City Fire Department these citizens to earn an additional $90 a lations regarding this hazardous material. has declared recent policies to be unsafe. month, enough to make ends meet. My district constitutes an area of Brook­ The Fire Department in its history of pub­ lyn which borders segments of the New York lic service has always been accurate in eval­ Admittedly, the entire social security waterfront. The area encompassed by the uation of potentially hazardous situations. system is in trouble. The total financing district lines is approximately seven square They said the world trade center would of the program must be seriously re­ miles. As you can clearly see, there are sev­ not meet safety standards when being built. viewed with an eye toward making the eral hundred thousand citizens within a Because it was outside their authority they system self-sufficient. But we cannot tell very confined section of land. Located within could not do anything about it. The recent these older citizens, who have contributed the district in Greenpoint, there are two fire at the world trade center possessed the so much to our Nation, to hold their bills liquid natural gas storage tanks which are gravest fear and dangers that were recently until such a review is completed. placed within a mixed industrial residential exploited in the movie "Towering Inferno." If area. that building had been built to meet New To raise the limitation by even the This placement has been a continuing fear York City Fire Department standards, this moderate amount of $1,080 is a costly for the thousands of residents whose homes might never have occurred. proposition. Many persons who receive encompass this potential disaster area. Al­ I hope that we will be more attentive to little or no benefits now would be eligible though these tanks have been certified by the New York City Fire Department. They for full benefits. Raising the limitation authorities to be safe a.nd not potentially have not cried wolf in the past and I hope to $3,600 will cost approximately $300 dangerous, they still remain a haunting this commission very carefully considers million a year. However, since removing realization for thousands of citizens. their views. There are other flammable materials stored I am calling on the Federal Power Com­ the limitation entirely would cost tax­ near these tanks such as gas and oil, as well mission to order an immediate moratorium payers nearly $4.5 billion annually, the as lumber. If there was a fire originating on the storage and transportation of liquid cost of raising it to $3,600 is comparative­ from any one of these substances, the out­ natural gas in New York City until studies ly small. come could be catastrophic. We all realize effectively show evaluate how liquid natural The increase which we propose in our the potential danger and flammability of gas can be stored and transferred in the bill will affect an estimated 1,000,000 per­ each of these materials, but have we con­ safest manner and with minimal risks to sons over age 65. Mr. Speaker, we will be sidered what developments could occur if human safety possible. doing a great service to these persons such a fire took place within the question­ I believe it should be possible to locate able area? This is a situation which ha.s sites along our coast where modern and safe who so desperately need the assistance. caused miscomfort and fear for a number of liquid natural gas facilities could be built More than 35 percent of our older yea.rs. It is a situation which has not cor­ yet which do not threaten any significant citizens nationwide have incomes below rected itself and one which is not acceptable number of people with the disastrous con­ the poverty level. In my district, the to my constituents or to me. sequences I have described. It may be that Fifth District of South Carolina, nearly The merits for using liquid natural gas these facilities might be somewhat more ex­ 40 percent of the older citizens live be­ cannot be disputed. It is an efficient form of pensive than those that have already been low the poverty level. energy which can be used without substan­ built in the heart of our major metropolitan tial environmental impact. Its use in resi­ areas, but if so, it would be a worthwhile in­ With the advances in medicine of re­ dential areas has proven to be most help­ vestment in protecting the public from the cent years, Americans are living longer. ful in combating the pollution caused by hazards of liquid natural gas. For example, while the overall population less environmentally sound substances such of South Carolina has increased by 6.6 as coal and other fuels. During these times of percent since 1960. the increase in the increased energy demands, the need for this group of citizens 65 and older has in­ type of efficiency cannot be neglected. With creased by about 14 percent. If the Fed­ the availabllity of energy becoming less fre­ RAISING THE INCOMES OF OLDER quent and the cost forever rising, it is neces­ AMERICANS eral Government continues to hold their sary for us to utilize energy sources. My incomes at substandard levels through concern actually does not lie with the usage the social security income limitation, we of liquid natural gas, but rather the place­ HON. KENNETH L. HOLLAND will be creating the largest single group ment of storage tanks and the movement to OF SOUTH CAROLINA of poor people with a program designed these tanks. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES for their old age security. In order to transfer this highly hazardous There is tremendous pressure on this material to areas of New York where liquid Tuesday, March 4, 1975 natural gas is stored, barges and tankers Congress to hold down Federal spending. a.re utilized. The transfer of liquid natural Mr. HOLLAND. Mr. Speaker, today, I Mr. Speaker, we cannot be so bound and gas from the Staten Island Terminal to introduced legislation to amend title II blinded by this budgetary obligation that Brooklyn is done primarily by barges. These of the Social Security Act, raising the we hold people in poverty to hold the marine transports travel down the East River, amount of outside income a person may budget in check. up Newtown Creek and finally reach the earn while receiving Social Security The American people are looking to Brooklyn Terminal. Although the Coast benefits to $3,600 from the present $2,520. Congress for responsible economic lead­ Guard has assured me that this movement is Thirty-six of our colleagues are co­ strictly regulated, the danger involved can­ ership. We are moving ahead in all areas not be overlooked. sponsoring this bill with me. These Mem­ to show the American people that we are I am strongly opposed to the transporta­ bers all agree that something must be capable of providing that leadership. Mr. tion and storage of liquid natural gas in New done to raise the income of our older Speaker, I feel that the exigencies of the York City. The communities of Brooklyn citizens. They also agree that Congress present economic situation dictate that Heights, Fort Greene, Williamsburg, North­ must act responsibly to balance the needs we raise the outside income limitation for side and Greenpoint, which a.re a part of the of all our citizens at a time of economic social security recipients this year. I hope 14th Congressional District, have become un­ instability. that other Members of Congress will see willing participants in a game of high stakes which if lost could have devastating effects However, Mr. Speaker, these colleagues the moderate rise that we have proposed upon these constituents. When liquid natural represent only a small portion of the as a responsible figure in a year of great gas is transferred, it is moved along the Members who feel that a change in the fiscal constraint. waters of these communities and presents a outside income limitation is necessary. Mr. Speaker, I respectfutly request danger of uncomprehensible consequences. Members-of my staff made calls to other early and careful consideration of this March 4, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5193 bill, which simply allows our older clti• proach, rather than an emotional outburst, who gathered in the drafty Illinois Building ls the next order of business in helping our at the fairgrounds and tried to make them­ zens to meet the increased cost of living South Dakota Indians--descendants of the selves heard in the hlgh ceilinged exhibition through the exertion of their own efforts. tlrst Americans-In making their way in the hall last Wednesday were unashamedly world of 1975. emotional; their livelihood depends on food production and the prices they get for what they produce. INDIAN JURISDICTION Like any group of farmers, they expressed a broad range of opinions on what ought to TWO VIEWS OF THE FOOD be done ln regard to food production, but HON. LARRY PRESSLER SITUATION only a couple alluded to any moral concerns OF SOUTH DAKOTA in such production. To them raising food is a business and selling food-not giving it IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES HON. PAUL FINDLEY away-is their interest. They want to do their Tuesday, March 4, 1975 OF Il.LXNOIS share to feed the hungry of the world, pro­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES vided they can make an acceptable living Mr. PRESSLER. Mr. Speaker, the doing it. problem of Indian jurisdiction is one Tuesday, March 4, 1975 Two sentiments were expressed over and which effects not only my State of South Mr. FINDLEY. Mr. Speaker, the editor over: ( 1) There are so many more consumers Dakota but many other Western States. of the Illinois State Journal-Register in than farmers--everyone is a consumer, but I am proud to say that the South Dakota Springfield, DI., Mr. Ed Armstrong, re­ fewer than 5 of every 100 Americans are State Legislature and Governor Kneip farmers-that government policy is geared cently issued a staff report which had a to trying to keep the price of food down re­ are in the vanguard of those States try­ realistic appraisal of the economic rid­ ing to work out this complex problem. I gardless of the effect on farm income, and dle posed by food supply policy. In my . (2) President Ford let the farmers of Amer­ am pleased to share with my colleagues view it is a useful contribution to the ica down when he put controls on fram ex­ an article from the Sioux Falls Argus discussion now unfolding and gives an ports last October, sharply reducing the for­ Leader of February 26, 1975, describing accurate appraisal of the problem viewed eign market for U.S. grain. the deliberate and conscientious efforts from the heartland of America. Here is Whereas the World Affairs Conference being made by Governor Kneip and the participants were concerned particularly with South Dakota State Legislature. The ar­ the text of Mr. Armstrong's comments: how the United States can produce more to ticle follows: Two VIEWS OF THE FOOD SITUATION help feed the hungry abroad, how we could South Dakota legislators would do well to (By Ed Armstrong) eat less so the rest of the world could have heed Governor Richard Kneip's observation Food ls often an emotional subject. more, or how to help those abroad produce that there was no need to hurry a resolution Some people react strongly to different more for themselves, the farmers were talk­ seeking congressional action to help South types of food, perhaps even more to how it's ing about cutting back on pr~_ uction for prepared. Children particularly have clearly fear grain would become so abundant the Dakota's Indian Jurisdictional and other price will drop below the cost of production. problems. expressed likes or dislikes in the food line. There was a push in the legislature last That's obvious to me almost every evening Because grain prices have dropped approxi­ week to complete work on the resolution so at dinner from the antics and comments of mately a third since last October in spite it could be delivered to a congressional sub­ my 9-year-old. of a short harvest, and because of depressed These days, however, food is an emotional prices for cotton, potatoes, dairy products committee in Washington Monday. and beef cattle, there is genuine con­ Kneip pointed out that that subcommittee subject in a far broader sense-from the housewife who complains about high grocery cern by farmers about the prospect of more meeting dealt only with law enforcement, production this year than the market can and South Dakota's contemplated resolution prices to the persons who are deeply con­ cerned about hungry humans around the absorb. touches on a variety of issues involving So while the hungry of much of the world, jurisdiction problems between Indians and world. It seems that every year or so we must including some within our own country, wlll non-Indians. go unfed, it's likely that many an American When Governor Kneip started his new term have a "new" major issue for discussion-a newly recognized national or world crisis­ farmer in 1975 will produce less than he in January, he called upon South Dakotans could produce because it's in his own in­ to make the effort to develop better relations in seminars, community groups, churches and at cocktail parties. This year it seems to terest to cut back. between whites and Indians. Truly, this is The food question is really an economio South Dakota's most urgent and pressing be world food supply. It's not a truly new subject by any means; riddle. We can get as emotional as· we want human problem. about the starving people of the world, but Kneip in his inaugural message challenged it has been a matter of concern most of the time throughout the history of mankind, unless it's economically viable for people to South Dakotans to come up with a model produce food and the means exist to dis­ solution for problems that have been points but usually it's one of those things that's just there, sort of looming in the back­ tribute that food and to pay for it, the pro­ of contention between the Indians and the duction will not be accomplished. state's other citizens for years. Congress is ground of the world like the threat of war. necessarily involved, because many of the Now it has been brought forward to cen­ All the attention the food issue is getting problems stem from federal mishandling of ter stage, likely to remain there for a while, now is deserved, but pardon me for a pessi­ native Americans and their status since ter­ then to fade again lnto the background as mistic prediction that when all the study and ritortal days. other topics such as poverty, racism, educa­ discussion is done, the perennial issue of tion, etc. world hunger will quietly fade into the back­ It would be a credit to all South Dakotans ground to loom there just it has since if work by the legislature, by the Indians and Two recent events in Springfield illustrate as their tribal organizations and by Congress the complexity and magnitude of the food Adam and Eve left the garden. resulted in a better day for the 35,000 or problem and the emotion it evokes. One was more Indians who call South Dakota home. the World Affairs Conference on the subject It is a challenge for which all citizens should of "Food: The Global Crisis." The other just attempt to work out solutions. four days later was a meeting at the State OF DEFICITS AND DISASTER It is great to call for friendly re~ations on Fairgrounds at which the state agriculture an international scale. It ls much harder director listened to farmers from around Il­ for everyone to make thing work at home. linois express their views on the current farm HON. ROBERT E. BAUMAN A good time to start on making things economy and what, if anything, they as in­ OF MARYLAND dividuals and ~group should do about it. work at home ls the forthcoming public IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES hearing in Pierre Thursday night on the The World Aifalrs Conference was far more resolution to Congress. Indian leaders said sedate and detached in its discussion of food Tuesday, March 4, 1975 they don't agree with the wording of the needs, production and distribution, because resolution-and accused lawmakers of trying only a few of the participants-certainly Mr. BAUMAN. Mr. Speaker, despite to pass it without consulting them. Kneip far l~s than half of them-were persons who the growing blindness of the Congress pointed to the possibility that the hearing earn their livelihood from any phase of food and the administration to the true causes would become emotional. "I hope this does production or handling. of our economic problems, there are a not happen. It is an important tssue and Though sonie farmers participated in the few voices across this Nation who speak one we should address • • ." he said. discussions and expressed their concerns out with a judgment unclouded by the When the· resolution goes ·to Washington about the economics of the food situation, it should reflect South Dakota's best consid~ the focus was on its moral and political as­ unreality of Washington. One such news­ ered approach as an opening move to bind pects, on the extent to which the United paper is the Dally Times of Salisbury up old wounds. Kneip's call for careful con­ states should go in helping to feed the world which recently published a telling as­ sideration. l?'f the resolution is appropriate and how it should go about it. sessment of the Federal budget and its and helpful. An earnest, pragmatic ap- The spokesmen among the 800 fanners impact. 5194 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 4, 1975 I include this editorial at this point in The gods of economic retribution are still from valid competing interests, and the Fed­ my remarks: very much a.live. eral Energy Administration would soon be (From the Salisbury (Md.) Daily Times, Feb. both ineffectual and harmless. A bureaucrat, 25, 1975] on the other hand, would try to make FEA OF DEFICITS AND DISASTER work, and in the process would maximize THE TAXPAYERS WOULD SAVE $10 FEA's destructiveness. "When a conservative Republican presi­ The President picked Frank Zarb of his dent proposes a budget deficit of $77 bil­ BILLION EACH YEAR IN RE­ DUCED FUEL COSTS IF THE Office of Management and Budget, one of lion over two years, he's got to make a speech the most coldly efficient bureaucrats in about the threat of federal spending," com­ FEDERAL ENERGY ADMINISTRA­ Washington. So effective has he been in push­ ments economist Arthur Okun, who was TION WERE ABOLISHED ing the congressional mandate that we are chairman of the Council of Economic Ad­ now convinced that if FEA vanished today, Visors under the Johnson administration. and all its price controls were eliminated, the "The trouble with the Ford budget," says HON. JACK F. KEMP price of oil and gasoline at retail would actu­ Sen. Walter F. Mondale (D-Minn.) "is that OF NEW YORK ally decline. We also believe the domestic he listened to those Republicans who still IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES production of crude would shoot up, and the pray to the god of balanced budgets." Tuesday, March 4, 1975 shock would test the cartel price. Put a microphone or a. reporter in front of A weak and ineffective bureaucracy poses almost any Democrat or liberal and much the Mr. KEMP. Mr. Speaker, we hear few cost problems to the economy a.nd con­ same kind of observation pooh-poohing the sumer; industry can make things work by President's concern would be made. much today about the rising costs of Gerald Ford is guilty of innate conserva­ fuels, especially gasoline and heating sliding around regulations and controls, stay­ tive miserliness or insensitivity to the plight oils. ing a. few steps a.head of the bureaucrats. But FEA has power and determination, and of the poor and unemployed or want of faith We know much about those added costs worse, an unusual degree of imagination. It in the unbounded strength of the American resulting from higher prices being has learned how to keep up with the indus­ economy by attempting to hold down the charged by the oil producing and ex­ try, closing off loopholes, choking operations federal deficit for the coming fiscal year to porting countries-OPEC. These costs something less than the greatest deficit rack­ with paperwork-from production, through rose sharply after the last Middle East refining and transportation to marketing. At ed up in the midst of World War II. every point in the cha.in, the costs associated Just what the actual deficit for FY 1976 war. will be, nobody knows. The President fore­ We know also about the billions of dol­ with misallocations, red tape and added risks a.re added in to the price structure that the casts one of $52 billion in his proposed budg­ lars we are paying in taxes when we buy et, but that includes trimming spending on oil and gasoline-taxes in the form of consumer ultimately bears at retail. various federal domestic programs by $17 import fees, excise taxes, highway user Treasury Secretary Simon estimates that if milllon--cuts that Democratic Congress a.da• taxes on gas and motor oils, even sales price controls on crude oil are ended, which mantly opposes. the President says he is planning to do on taxes at the local level. April 1, the cost to the economy would be $9 Arthur Okun to the contrary, the prospect in ls not for a budget deficit of $77 billion over What the majority of people this billion a year. But the bureaucratic cost of all two years but that much or more in one year. country do not know enough about is the FEA controls amounts to an estimated 3 Well, all right. If any god is dead it is "the additional billions we are paying because cents to 5 cents a. gallon of product, accord­ god of balanced budgets." Who remembers of the bureaucratic costs of extensive ing to varied industry sources. There a.re the last time there was a federal surplus, government regulation and control of oil FEA officials who privately agree with the and was the country any better off for hav­ and gas. higher estimate, which rounds out to a. bu­ ing it? reaucratic burden of roughly $10 billion a. The bureaucratic cost of all the Fed­ year that the private economy would re­ Yet somewhere along the line we a.re going eral Energy Administration controls to have to ask ourselves, what really is the cover if FEA simply vanished. If so, the price limit to how deeply the government can go amounts to an estimated 3 cents to 5 at retail would go down, not up, and instead into hock at any one time? cents a gallon. This is a burden on our of bureaucratic costs of $10 billion, the oil Is there no threat at all that ma.s.sive gov­ consumers of roughly $10 billion every industry would have $9 billion for explora­ ernment borrowing could distort the econ­ year. Our consumers-already overbur­ tion and development. omy more than it is already distorted and dened by direct taxes on fuels-are hav­ That's only the beginning. By fixing the ultimately defeat the very ends we desire to ing to pay this much more-$10 billion a price of "old oil" at $5.25 a barrel, while un­ achieve, especially when there are signs that controlled foreign and "new" domestic oil year-in price at the pump and tank be­ runs at $11.50 a. barrel, there is an enor­ inflation is at long last beginning to abate? cause of the added cost of doing business Common sense tells us there is some kind mous disincentive to produce out of the old of limit. otherwise the government could by oil producing and distributing com­ fields, i.e., those that were producing prior simply crank up the printing presses and panies required by FEA controls. to the base period in 1972. award every American a million dollars. This FEA control is, clearly, contrary to the First, inflation causes the real price to would be fine, except that we know that consumer interest in reducing the cost of fall. $5.25 today buys 12 % less than it did a shortly afterwards we would be paying $10,- gases and oils. Prices they pay are being year a.go. Second, the nation's 10,000 oil 000 for a pound of hamburger. producers know that if old oil is decontrolled, kept at higher levels because of excessive every barrel they own will sell for more; why The government has no real money of its control. own. What it has is what it extracts from not sit back and wait? Third, integrated oil the economy by way of taxes. It can spend The Wall Street Journal editorialized companies that own a lot of old oil a.re re­ this money wisely in many ways to the bene­ this week on the additional costs of oil quired by FEA to share it at $5.25 a barrel fit of the economy-by returning some of it and gas resulting from FEA. That edi­ with refiners that don't have it, a powerful incentive for companies with old oil to choke to the pockets of the nonrich so that they torial calls for the ending of all FEA have more to spend on consumer goods, by down old-oil production. Fourth, because a. controls, restoring to the consuming stripper well-one that produces 10 barrels a stimulating capital investment so that the public the process of regulating price day or less--qualifies as "new oil," produc­ nation's real wealth is increased. through the interplay of supply and de­ ers who have old wells capable of producing But anything the government spends be­ yond what it acquires in taxes can only be mand. With production falling it would 15 barrels a day get a net benefit of about created by diluting the purchasing power of be wise for the Congress to immediately $35 a. day by producing five barrels a day less. every dollar. move to decontrol crude oil and natw·al The net result is that even with new oil gas. fetching more than $11 a barrel, domestic A sizeable inflation of the nation's money production has fallen from 9,250,000 barrels supply, through the twin routes of tax cuts This editorial warrants careful read­ a. day prior to the embargo to 8,650,000 bar­ and maintained or increased gove1·nment ing by every Member of Congress and by rels. It is our guess that ending the alloca­ outlays, is the popular-and most experts those within the administration respon­ tion program and price controls would in­ agree, the necessary-thing to do right now sible for the development of future policy crease domestic production by up to one to counter the recession. Illillion barrels a day. Even if OPEC cut its But by ignoring the fundamental relation­ on energy and costs. The editorial follows: production by that amount in order to sus­ ship between government income and eco­ tain the cartel price, the U.S. would save $4 nomic productivity, by pretending that there AN END TO FEA billion a. year in foreign exchange. is no bottom to the federal cornucopia., we A few months back, when President Ford As it is, the coldly efficient bureaucrats are in danger of piling up ills for the future got rid of Energy Czar John Sawhill and was at FEA are the best friends OPEC has in the . far worse than we would endure by fa111ng scouting a.round for a replacement, we sug­ United States, although the bureaucrats to cure the problem of recession in one gested he fill the slot with a politician in­ themselves can properly argue that they a.re grand sweep. stead of a. bureaucrat. Our idea was that a only doing what they've been ordered to dCI The god of balanced budgets may be dead. politician would incline to bend to pressures by Congress. March 4, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5195 Instead of facing up to the reality of what and dedicated individual can indeed inau­ quality of this speech wm encourage it has done, Congress seems to want more of gurate a career at the lowest rung of the other Members to attend. the same. The Democratic liberals not only corporate ladder and reach the apex of the The speech follows: corporate world by utilizing his outstanding vow to put back oil-price controls if the HUMAN RIGHTS AND PEACE Presid~nt removes them, but also want to talents to the benefits of his fellow workers cut the new oil price back, which would be and community. James M. Stuart, as a cor­ (By Rick Inguanti) a gift with a ribbon to OPEC. The only way porate executive, never lost touch with the A conflict. Hostility. Irrationality. Vio­ to end this costly mess would be for Presi­ ordinary worker, the backbone of any busi­ lence. War. A worldwide nuclear holocaust. dent Ford to explain it to the American peo­ ness enterprise; he continued to be concerned Self-destruction. ple and win support for it. Ending all FEA for their welfare by utilizing his positions Has the Family of Man met its ultimate controls-not only on the price of crude­ on their behalf; and destiny? Billions of brothers and sisters have would be the soundest energy program he Whereas, James M. Stuart enthusiastically perished. Yet, a ray of hope remains. One could offer. We believed months ago that he and effectively committed himself to many man and one woman survive. They are the would embark on this project, but he has worthwhile civic causes, by serving as a Family of Man's salvation. With them lies the not yet gotten up to speed. Trustee of the Charles F. Kettering Founda­ task of resurrecting the human family. So, tion, as a Director of Junior Achievement of together, they create a master plan that will Dayton, as President of Dayton Boy's Club, rebuild the world. and a variety of other noteworthy civic A song from the past echoes in their JAMES M. STUART organizations. His devotion to the betterment minds: of his community is renown; as a community "We'll have children of the Kingdom. leader and bus!nens executive he J:>.as proceed­ They won't be torn by war, nor will they HON. WILLIAM H. HARSHA ed to implement both the spirit and the goals kill or hate, or hesitate to love of equal opportunity for all, regardless of OF omo justice." race, religion, color, or sex; and Yes, their goal will be a universal peace. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Whereas, James M. Stuart has pledged him­ But how will they attain it? Tuesday, March 4, 1975 self to the concept of providing meaningful Recalling Henry David Thoreau's plea to higher education by serving as a concerned "Simplify," they determine the nucleus of Mr. HARSHA. Mr. Speaker, the Ohio member of the Board of Trustees respectively their master plan. They must return to basics. House of Representatives on February 19, of Wilmington College and Wilberforce Uni­ They must restore the importance of the in­ adopted a resolution honoring one of versity, and as a member of the University dividual by promoting the fundamental Ohio's most distinguished citizens, Mr. of Dayton's Associate Board of Trustees. His rights of each man. They must not disregard James M. Stuart, upon his retirement dedication to the goals o! higher education but recognize and then encourage the flour• from active civic life and as a member have earned him well-deserved recognition. ishing of each man's innate rights. This man of the board of directors of the Dayton He has been a.warded the Honorary Degrees and woman realize that universal peace be­ of Doctor of Humanities, Doctor of Laws, and gins with an inner peace in every man. Power & Light Co. Doctor of Commercial Science, which are a But, can inner peace be attained while Mr. Stuart richly deserved this signal fitting recognition for a man who is a scholar Man's Powers serve injustices? While a honor as he has vividly demonstrated by in his own right; therefore be it woman is denied her rights on the premise his corporate success that an intelligent, .ResolvecL, That the members of the House that she is inferior to a man? While a man is hard-working, and dedicated individual of Representatives of the lllth General As­ denied his rights on the premise that he is can, indeed, make the "American Dream" sembly of Ohio, in adopting this Resolution, inferior to another man? While a nation is come true. At the same time, Mr. Stuart hereby com.mend James M. Stuart for his denied its rights on the premise that it is in• consistently high level of achievement and ferior to another nation? Thinking of these has actively and enthusiastically partici­ for his many worthwhile contributions to injustices, the man and woman agree to pated in many worthwhile civic and edu­ society; and in so doing, salute one of Ohio's emphasize the constructive Powers of Man. cational endeavors and has contributed finest citizens and corporate omcials, wishing To a.void a contrast in male or female, greatly to improving his community and him Godspeed; and be it further black or white, Chinese or Russian, they will making it a better place in which to work .Resolved, That the Legislative Clerk of the exalt the Power of freedom and equality in and live. House of Representatives transmit duly au­ everyman. It has been my privilege and pleasure thenticated copies of this Resolution to To avoid the invasion of family privacy, to know Mr. Stuart for some time, and James M. Stuart; to the Chairman of the they will exalt the Power of the family-the Board of the Dayton Power and Light Com­ building block of the Family of Man. I have the highest possible regard and pany; to the Dayton Dally News; and to the To avoid tyranny and dictatorship, they respect for him. He is an extremely Journal Herald, Dayton; and to the Kettering will exalt the Power of each man's voice in knowledgeable and well-informed man Oakwood Times. his government. who has for many years contributed gen­ To avoid ignorance and a lack of aware­ erously of himself and his time in help­ ness, they will exalt the Power of education­ ing and encouraging others. His active Man's key to advancement. participation in civic activities, particu­ HUMAN RIGHTS AND PEACE And, to a.void a standstill of that advance­ larly those bene:fltting our young people, ment, they will exalt Man's Powers of free­ clearly reflects his deep interest in and dom of thought and expression. Mar. will be compassion for his fell ow man, and he HON. GLADYS NOON SPELLMAN free to say what he means, mean what he OF MARYLAND thinks, and think anything he wishes. In has set an outstanding example for our freedom of mind there is inner tranquility. young people to emulate. As a longtime IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES Ladies and gentlemen, this man and personal friend and admirer, I have a Tuesday, March 4, 1975 woman have recognized. that maintaining very real affection for Jim Stuart and human rights is essential. They have learned heartily concur with the sentiments ex­ Mrs. SPELLMAN. Mr. Speaker, Rick what our United Nations has expressed to pressed in this resolution. Inguanti, a senior at High Point High us-that to promote human rights is to pre­ I would like to take this means of S.chool, from Beltsville, Md., has writ­ serve not only the dignity and the impor­ ten a timely and moving speech about tance of the Family of Man but also the sharing the views of the members of the United Nations. This speech was Family of Man itself. These rights set forth the Ohio House with my colleagues and given as part of the annual United Na­ by the U .N. in 1948 are not abstract, idealistic associating myself with them: phrases; they are a potential reality. H.R. No. 66 tions Association oratorical contest for Who a.re the man and woman in the story? high school students in the area. The They are you and I. They represent every Whereas, The members of the House of in Representatives of the lllth General As­ program has been successful interest­ member of the Family of Man. It is up to the sembly wish to take this opportunity to give ing area high school students in inter­ individual-you and me-to reach out for well-deserved recognition to James M. Stuart national affairs and the role the United these human rights, to grasp them, and then upon the auspicious occasion of his retire­ Nations could play. to proudly exhibit them. No, we cannot erase ment as a member of the Board of Directors As one of the four outstanding speak­ the past, but we can begin to reconstruct. of the Dayton Power and Light Company and ers this year, Rick will participate in a How? from active civic life, and wish to extend our program at the Atrium Room of the Ken­ First, each of us must develop a sense of sincere thanks for his long and effective serv­ empathy. Let us interact with every brother ice on behalf of the citizens of Ohio; and nedy Center, April 26, 1975, to help raise and sister with love, respect, compassion. Let Whereas, James M. Stuart has been a part funds so that the two finalists can ob­ us not just hear our brother-let us listen of tbe DP&L family since his entrance into serve U.N. field operations and meet with to him. And, let us not simply understand the business world. He is a personification of other students from foreign countries about him-let us strive to understand with the "American Dream" that a hard-working who are equally concerned. I hope the him. 5196 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 4, 1975 Also, we must remember that within you for legislation which will allow veterans December 15, 1975-Business (Election of and me is the Power to forgive. This Power Officers) , VFW 6488. we must use unsparingly, for the Power to to accept increased social security bene­ forgive is the Power to heal. fits without having their veterans' pen­ January 31, 1976-Installation, VFW 8841. sion reduced. Every Sunday, 11 :30 A.M., WBBW Veterans' Yes, this task of rebuilding is yours and Show. mine. This is one responsibility we cannot Mr. Speaker, I insert excerpts from shirk; even the brilliant mind of a. Henry the United Veterans Council 34th An­ All Post meetings printed in Sunday Vin­ Kissinger cannot achieve peace without us. nual Installation of Officers Banquet pro­ dicator. Let us hope that "In the year 2525, if man gram in the RECORD at this time: THE UNITED VETERANS COUNCIL OF YOUNGS­ is still a.live, if woman can survive, they may TOWN, INC. find ...,''what? A universal harmony in the THE UNITED VETERANS COUNCIL 34TH ANNUAL INSTALLATION OF OFFICERS BANQUET (Founded After Pearl Harbor Day) human family, a. high reward for our sup­ Purpose port of the innate rights of Man. XN HONOR OF John J. Giannini, Jr., Commander. To provide at the community level a. co­ Robert Green, Senior Vice-Commander. ordinating and planning agency for properly S/Sgt. Walden Shehan, Junior Vice-Com- qualified and duly constituted veterans orga­ UNITED VETERANS COUNCIL OF mander. nizations in the city of Youngstown, Ohio, YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO, HOLDS 34TH Frank Bell, Adjutant. and its environs which might desire member­ Joseph T. Nivert, Treasurer. ship therein; to aid all member organizations ANNUAL INSTALLATION OF OF­ John Kirk, Sr., Chaplain. acting in concern with ea.ch other in plan­ FICERS BANQUET ning and carrying out of functions and PROGRAM operations of a civic, patriotic or veteran Welcome-LTC Vincent J. Doria, retiring character; to attempt by all honorable means HON. CHARLES J. CARNEY commander. to promote and effectuate the construction of OF OHIO Toastmaster-James E. McGinnis, past a Living War Memorial commemorative of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES commander of U.V.C. the war dead of the community; and to do Pledge of allegiance to the flag-William all things reasonably or incidental to the Tuesday, March 4, 1975 R. Stambaugh and Assembly. foregoing except such as might interfere with Invocation-Fr. John H. DeMarinis, pastor, the internal operation of any member group Mr. CARNEY. Mr. Speaker, on Satur­ St. Anthony's Church. day, February 15, 1975, I had the pleasure or groups. and the privilege of attending the 34th Dinner U.V.C. Pa.st Commanders continue to serve Acknowledgment of guests-Toastmaster. as advisors to all committees. Approximately Annual Installation of Officers Banquet Roll Call of U.V.C. Affiliated Organizations ten attend all monthly meetings to assist of the United Veterans Council of and U.V.C. Past Commanders-Toastmaster. various chairmen. Youngstown, Inc. Greetings-Jack C. Hunter, Youngstown Past commanders In addition to being the principal mayor. *Ralph R. Pabst. speaker for the occasion, I was also se­ Remarks-George J. Bindas, chairman, *John J. Kennedy. lected for the United Veterans Council's Mahoning County Commissioners. *James A. Dalton. highest award. Retiring Commander Installation of Officers-Atty. Thomas M. Atty. Ralph R. Miller. Vincent J. Doria presented me with the Moore, past commander of U.V.C. *I. L. Feuer. United Veterans Council's Man of the Remarks of New Commander-John J. *John E. Doyle. Giannini, Jr. *Atty. William L. Powers. Year Award for my work as a member Remarks of Retiring Commander-LTC *Leo F. McCarthy. of the Veterans' Affairs Committee of the Vincent J. Doria. Atty. William F. Powers. U.S. House of Representatives. I am Awards Presentation-Michael Mislevy and *John W. Wallace. proud and honored to be the recipient Frank A. Russo. Chester Amedia.. of this award. Principal Speaker-Charles J. Carney, 19th Frank Posey. The United Veterans Council pre­ District Congressman. Edward L. Cook. sented eight other awards, including: Benediction-Rev. Don Montgomery, 37th Atty. Thomas M. Moore. Veteran of the Year Award to Frank A. Division Association. *Michael J. Whalen. Banquet committee Martin Cole. Russo, past United Veterans Council Roy "Rummy" DePaul. commander; Vietnam Veteran of the LTC Vincent J. Doria, chairman; Gerald Hartman, Frank A. Russo, Atty. Thomas M. Dr. Seymour Feuer. Year Award to Army CWO Joseph M. Moore. Michael Mislevy. Fred A. Gioglio. Sepesy; Commander's Awards to Mahon­ Table Decorations: V.F.W. 8841 Ladies' ing County Commissioner Thomas Auxiliary. Stephen L. Ritz. Barrett, Youngstown Mayo1· Jack C. Gerald G. Hartman. Hunter, and Youngstown Vindicator OUTSTANDING VIETNAM VETERAN'S AWARD Richard E. Kelly. The United Veterans Council will present Anthony J. DeAngelis. publisher William J. Brown; and, merit to Chief Warrant Officer/ Helicopter Pilot Frank J. Colla. Awards to Sheriff Ray T. Davis, Vet­ Joseph M. Sepesy the Outstanding Vietnam Raymond J. Kobus. erans' Administration representative Veteran's Award. William R. Stambaugh. William Cunahan, and Mahoning County CWO Sepesy, 534 Catalina Ave., Youngs­ Frank A. Russo, P.E. Commissioner George Bindas. town, Ohio, during his three tours of duty Albert D Kennedy. During the banquet, attorney Thomas in Vietnam, earned 73 Air Medals, two with Robert J. Bacha., Sr. Moore, a past commander of the United a "V" for valor; two Army Commendation James E. McGinnis. Medals; the Presidential Unit Citation; three Mary T. Burrows. Veterans Council, installed John J. Gian­ Bronze Stars; Vietnamese Cross of Gallantry. Vincent J. Doria.. nini as the new commander, Robert He had over 2,000 hours' combat time. Green as the new senior vice commander, UNITED VETERANS COUNCIL-AFFILIATED POSTS S. Sgt. Walden Shehan as the new junior TENTATIVE MEETING SCHEDULE AND COMMANDERS January 20, 1975-0rganizational, ITAMS Anwets Post No. 34, Veronica Janecka. vice commander, Frank Bell as the new 3. Amvets Post No. 35, William J. Carney. adjutant, Joseph T. Nivert as the new February 15, 1975-Installa.tion, VFW 8841. Amvets Post No. 44, S/Sgt. Walden Shehan. treasurer, and John Kirk as the new February 17, 1975-Business, VFW 3307. Amvets Post No. 711, Mose Johnson. chaplain. March 17, 1975-Business, AMVETS 44. Boardman Veterans Association, Jake In my remarks to the council, I noted April 21, 1975-Business, CWV 1222. Moretti. that the 93d Congress had passed more May 17, 1975-Graves Decoration, American Catholic War Veterans Post No. 1222, John legislation of benefit to America's vet­ Legion. Bury. erans and their dependents than any May 19, 1975-Business, ITAMS 3. Catholic War Veterans Post No. 1292, May 26, 1975-Memorial Day, All Posts. Stephen P. Kuhns. other Congress in our Nation's history. I June 16, 1975-Business, VFW 4237. also assured the council that the 94th D.A.V. Chapter No. 2, John Mastrivalis. Congress would build on the accomplish­ Recess for summer D.A.V. Chapter No. 17, Ron Frazzinl. ments of the 93d Congress and would September 15, 1975-Business, VFW 2799. Italian-American Veterans Post No. 2, October 20, 1975-Business, VFW 6730. Frank D'Appolito. continue to provide adequate funds for November 11, 1975-Veteran's Day, All Italian-American Veterans Post No. 3, veterans' health, education, housing, Posts. Michael DeMarco. compensation, and pension progi·ams. In November 17, 1975-Busine!is (Nomina­ addition, I pledged my personal support tions) , PLAV 87. * Deceased. March 4, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5197 Italian-American Veterans Post No. 10, vironmental Policy Act must be prepared PROBLEMS OF INFLATION AND Anthony Cua. by FHWA and not by state transPorta­ FOREIGN INVESTMENT Italian-American Veterans Post No. 12, tion agencies. In its ruling, the court Joseph Modarelli. affirmed an injunction ·against further Italian-American Veterans Post No. 17, Federal participation in route 7 con­ HON. PAUL SIMON Neal Buzzaco. OP ILLINOIS Mahoning Valley Basha CBIVA,* Ed De­ struction in Vermont, even though the IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES Ca.pita. court found that the substance of the MV Chapt. PHDS Association, John W. environmental impact statement as pre­ Tuesday, March 4, 1975 Herm. pared by the State of Vermont was in Mr. SIMON. Mr. Speaker, our col­ Montford Point Marine Association, Robert full compliance with NEPA. league, Congressman JOSEPH GAYDOS of Little. While the decision is directed only Jewish War Veterans No. 59, Nick Lustig. Pennsylvania, has repeatedly called our Military Order of Cooties, Pup Tent No. 31, to the highway over which suit was attention to the problems of foreign in­ Ralph Guglielm. brought, the ruling still serves notice vestment. Military Order Purple Heart No. 186, An­ that any Federal highway project in I recently read an article in the Illinois drew Pastrick. New York, Vermont, and Connecticut Business Review, published by the Uni­ Polish Legion American Vets No. 87, Chuck might be enjoined if suit is brought on versity of Illinois, in which Prof. Folke Popa. the grounds that the environmental im­ Dovring of that institution suggests a Reserve Officers Association, Capt. Robert pact statement was not prepared by the P. Milich. number of things which we ought to FHWA. weigh as we approach the three problems Romanian-American Volunteers, Sam FHW Muntean. Recognizing this conundrum, A, of energy resources, balance of payments, Seabee Veterans, Island XS, Richard Stout. by letter dated January 9, 1975, to the and foreign investments. 37th Division Veterans Association, Donald New York State Department of Trans­ I insert his excellent statement in the Thomas. portation, imposed a freeze on project RECORD at this point: Veterans of W. w. I Barracks No. 594, F. W. approvals for the Federal-aid highway Busch. program, except for minor projects such PROBLEMS OF INFLATION AND FOREIGN Veterans of Foreign Wars Post No. 93, James as safety improvements. The Federal INVESTMENT Romito. (By Folke Dovring, professor of agricultural Veterans of Foreign Wars Post No. 1423, Highway Administration specified in economics, University of Illlnols at Urba.na­ Robert Bacha, Sr. their letter that it will not act on re­ Champaign) Veterans of Forelgn Wars Post No. 1588, quests for approval of preliminary en­ The public should be told the facts about Robert Tutwiler. gineering authorizations or plans, speci­ the connection between infiation and oil Veterans of Foreign Wars Post No. 2799, fications or estimates or right-of-way ac­ imports. The United States ls running large Robert Davis. quisitions nor any other step in the deficits for the import of petroleum, and Veterans of Foreign Wars Post No. 3307, process of developing a highway project. this is a primary cause of the inflation we John E. Soles. In the second circuit States--New have. In this country, oil becomes gasoline Veterans of Foreign Wars Post No. 3538, more than anything else, and when we Robert Raney. York, Vermont, and Connecticut--the search for a way out of the energy problem, Veterans of Foreign Wars Post No. 3782, freeze affects some 147 Federal-aided gasoline is the most logical target for action, Frank Bell. highway projects on which construction unpopular as it may be to say so. Veterans of Foreign wars Post No. 4237, would begin in 1975 and 1976. Eighty of When pointing to a single factor such as Louis Constantino, Jr. those projects are in New York alone. gasoline as being specially responSible for Veterans of Foreign Wars Post No. 5432, In addition, the freeze stops the develop­ inflation, I am not overlooking a host of Harry Fitzgerald. ment of over 200 projects in New York other factors. Many thoughtful commenta­ Veterans of Foreign Wars Post No. 6488, on which construction would commence tors have discussed a long list of interacting Jimmy Davis. in the period 1977 to 1980. inflationary forces. But placing the focus on Veterans of Foreign Wars Post No. 6730, a single major commodity is neither frivolous Robert Reichart. The construction work affected in New nor entirely new. Economists who are used Veterans of Foreign Wars Post No. 7538, York, not including New York City's to observing dynamic changes are attentive John Sveda. West Side Highway, is $1.6 billion. Every to the magnified effect which some "stra­ Veterans of Foreign Wars Post No. 7600, type of Federal highway project is on the tegic" or "key" factors may have on the Homer G. Dyce. list, interstate, urban extensions, city economy as a whole. From France in the Veterans of Foreign Wars Post No. 8841, arterials, rural primary, and rural 1950s, we have the phrase that "inflation Joseph DiFiore. secondary. feeds on red meat"; demand and supply of This freeze has a severe impact on my meat were such that meat tended to be a own district--the 26th. In Rockland chronic source of economic instability. County, this means the complete halt of In the United States, the recent upward On.MAN SEEKS TO OVERCOME the planning of the construction process trends in consumption of meat and energy ROUTE 7 DECISION are on a collision course. Because of the on the Spring Valley By-Pass which has strain which both place on the balance of been scheduled for fiscal 1976-77. In ad­ payments, something has to yield. Americans HON. BENJAMIN A. GILMA dition, the planning work has stopped on will have to choose between steaks and driv­ OF NEW YORK the second span of the Newburgh Beacon ing. In the United States, the role o! meat Bridge, and the list goes on and on. in the economy is not what it was in France IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES What I am proposing today is two in the 1950s. But the necessity to maintain Tuesday, March 4, 1975 simple amendments to NEPA and to the large exports of feedgrains places upward Federal highway law providing, retro­ pressure on the price of meat in the United Mr. GILMAN. Mr. Speaker, today I states, and imports of meat take away some am introducing two bills to grant the actively to January 1, 1970, that environ­ of the foreign exchange earned by grain Secretary of Transportation the discre­ mental impact statements can be pre­ exports. Gasoline contributes to inflation tion to permit the States the right to pared by the State agency subject to ap­ because of the effect of high-priced oil im­ prepare environmental impact state­ proval of the Federal Administrator. ports on the balance of payments. It appears ments required by the National Environ­ Such amendments would in no way that Americans prefer gasoline to beef, but mental Policy Act of 1969. change the substantive requirements of neither commodity gives way sufficiently to On December 11, 1974, the U.S. Court Federallaw. relieve the foreign exchange situation. of Appeals for the Second Circuit--in­ With the recent release of $2 billion FOREIGN EXCHANGE PROBLEM OF THE 1970'5 eluding New York, Connecticut, and of impounded Federal highway funds by The American economy ls no longer so Vermont--handed down a decision in the Department of Transportation, the self-sufficient as it was for most of the last need to resolve this situation as quickly 10 years. Until a few years ago, the annual the case of Conservation Society of value of imports and exports amounted to Southern Vermont, Inc. v. Volpe, 7 ERC as possible has been dramatized even no more than 5 to 6 percent of the national 1236, ruling that environmental impact more. product. Foreign trade ls good for competi­ statements required by the National En- I urge my colleagues to act quickly and tion, but most of the goods imported were decisively on this issue which is of vital such that the country could do without the •China-Burma-India Veterans Association. concern to all of us. imports if it had to. Now, our basic self- 5198 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 4, 1975 reliance for raw materials is gone. Foreign place on some considerable scale, their effect fuel oil and diesel fuel. Per capita consump­ trade is a larger percentage of national prod­ will be twofold. For one thing, they will cre­ tion of gasoline in the United States is twice uct than it used to be, and more of the ate a permanent and growing national debt that in Canada and 4 to 5 times the levels import are for essentials: recently, oil has for which the United States economy will in most European countries. About half of risen to represent one-fourth of all US im­ have to pay as any other debtor, by annual all the gasoline in the world ls made and ports, and other materials which are neces­ interest payments which would be a continu­ used in the United States. sary for industry, such as bauxite (alu­ ous and growing drain on our domestic re­ When the use of energy ts calculated in minum ore), also are largely imported. sources. For another, such investments will proportion to the national product, it turns This momentous change in the interna­ give the foreign governments economic and out that the American economy is one of tional economic situation would not have financial leverage on the U.S. the most energy intensive in the world. been very serious but for two facts. One is There are those who say that such foreign It would be a mistake to believe that this the already very large "dollar debt" (amount investments in this country are no more a must be so in a country with a high income of dollars held by foreigners) which has ac­ serious matter than are American invest­ level. The proportion was just as high 20 cumulated over many years. The other is the ments in other countries. Such a statement years ago when the income level in the US peculiar situation of some among the most misses an essential difference. When an Amer­ was lower. In the meantime, consumption of important oil-exporting countries which ican firm builds a factory in Brazil, it not gasoline rose faster than the use of energy have very limited need of American export­ only becomes owner of a productive asset in for other purposes. able goods and therefore hold continuously Brazil; it also creates that asset, and Brazil GROWTH OF THE ENERGY PROBLEM swelling balances of dollars. is not getting any poorer for it, because real The magnitude of the "dollar debt" ls How did the United States economy become investment has taken place with foreign so energy intensive? In a sense it may have dtificult to size up wtih any accuracy. Esti­ means. When Iran or Saudi Arabia or Kuwait mates cited from international money mar­ appeared logical in the past. When energy acquires land, industrial shares, government was cheap and few people listened to warn­ kets indicate that it is so large that it would bonds, and so on in the United States, no real take a stretch of years to redeem it even if ings about shortages ahead, it was in fact investment takes place--exlsting assets economical to squander this cheap resource. we had very favorable trade balances com­ change hands, that is all. When paying for ing, which are not in sight. Many people Thus traffic intensity was made very high. oil imports with the ownership of part of the The superhighway system was extended into are not aware of this, but American dollars country's national wealth, the United States in the hands of foreigners are so many IOU's the cities, passenger trains and urban mass wm be acting like a family which finances its transit systems were allowed to decay, sub­ waiting to be redeemed in goods or services grocery bill by mortgaging its house. from this country. urban settlement was expanded almost with­ Nor ls it correct to say (as some observers out limit, and shopping centers were served The dollar ceased to be backed by gold a do) that "we can use the capital." This coun­ few years ago. Like other national currencies, by acres of parking spaces. Economic policy try is not suffering any shortage of investable for the United States was made by private it ls now backed in international exchange funds. The Feder.al Reserve System tries to only by the goods the country can supply in industry, foremost the oil companies. Nat­ restrict credit as a way of fighting infl.ation. urally, they made it for their own interests, export trade. What this means for foreign Repatriation of foreign-owned dollars trade policy does not seem to be generally even where these did not coincide with those against domestic assets is about as bene­ of the nation. It can be argued whether the understood. The currency situation, com­ ficial as any other credit expansion during bined with the dollar debt, makes it inadvis­ oil and automobile companies are to blame inflation. It will simply mean more money for the energy impasse we are in. The na­ able to embargo exports, even of essential without more goods to go around. goods such as food. The attempt to do so tional government ls to blame for allowing with soybeans pointed up the conflict be• SAVING OF ENERGY the national economy to drift into this tween domestic price control and the for­ When oil imports are gradually weakening impasse for lack of leadership. eign markets-on which a national govern­ the domestic economy, what are the alter­ Many analysts simply throw up their ment cannot control prices. The lesson has natives? "Project Independence" will not hands and declare that the real-estate sys­ yet to go home, for again in 1974--with the answer, not alone in any event, for with re­ tem already ls such that Americans have to prospect of a short harvest of corn and soy­ cent trends projected into the future, the commute by car. This is oversimplifying the beans-some politicians are advocating ex­ investment needs for energy independence situation. Commuters need only get the port embargoes. Such proposals overlook the are simply too large to contemplate. New healthy habit of walking three or four blocks realities of our foreign economic relations. sources of energy usually require more capi­ to a mass transit stop. Then bus lines will We can make our way in the world econ· tal-and energy-than the old ones. The en­ become quite profitable-and more efficient omy only by producing what is wanted. The ergy trend cannot be satisfied by develop­ than now--even in sprawling areas of one­ US has to export what the foreign owners ment of domestic sources. Even with im­ family housing. It is the height of irony of dollars want, even if this leads to restric• ports, the total in combination would place when a President can contemplate vetoing a tions on our own consumption. too large burdens on the economy. The trend mass transit bill as "inflationary," when in The events of 1973 showed how a currency is going to break-either it will be broken fact the lack of mass transit feeds inflation problem will "import" inflation in at least by deliberate policy action based on careful so much. two ways: by the prices buyers in other coun­ economic analysis, or else it will break by it­ A large-scale switch from individual to tries are willing and able to pay for our ex­ self, accompanied by assorted economic dis­ mass-transit transportation could save from portable goods, and by the higher prices we orders, some of them too dangerous to ac­ 10 to 15 percent of the oil used in this coun­ must pay for imports, above all those of cept. The crisis of late 1973 and early 1974 try, eventually as much as 20 percent. This essential goods such as oil and other neces­ was merely an advance warning; it can easily ls a large part of all the oil imports and such sary raw materials. The latter become a heavy become a great deal worse. a saving would be critically beneficial to the burden because the sellers of scarce materials Breaking the energy trend can be done in whole foreign exchange problem. have begun to exploit their favored posi­ a. variety of ways, and all plausible ways will For such a switch to succeed, and rapidly, tion-the oil countries took the lead, the have to be used in combination, as shown by it is important what means are used to bring bauxite countries followed, and still others a study group working for the Ford Foun­ it about. Mere exhortation will not do, for may in due time do the same. dation. Many of these measures are produc­ in such matters "voluntary action" will hurt Just now inflationary pressures from tivity improvements, since various productive the loyal and benefit the shirkers. For con­ processes can "make do" with less energy. trol of automobile traffic, the logical place abroad are not particularly evident, because is where the cars stand still. For instance, inflation in the United States is not far In agriculture, we already have a departure toward "no-tillage cropping" (planting crops the Environmental Protection Agency has behind that in other industrial countries. just ta.ken an initiative in restricting park­ But if domestic policy to curb inflation in without plowing), and there are many others under way in industry. But the largest area ing areas in Boston to reduce air pollution. the U.S. were to have any success, then for­ Parking space is under administrative con­ eign trade would reactivate inflationary pres­ of potential energy s.aving, in this country and at this time, is in transportation-fore­ trol of municipalities and institutions, so sures. With domestic prices advancing slower they have the power to restrict traffic by re­ than those abroad, the dollar would in effect most the use of passenger cars. How heavily the automobile weighs on the stricting parking space. Government at all become undervalued, causing new demands levels should take the lead by denying park­ on our exportable goods. economy can be shown by data on gasoline, most of which is used by passenger cars. ing permits to those of their employees who OIL IMPORTS AND THE DOLLAR DEBT Gasoline accounts for close to 47 percent of have ready access to mass transit for com­ In the last year or two, the location of the all oil processed in US refineries. Since the muting. With effective leadership, a switch­ dollar debt has changed somewhat. The dol­ refineries use a good deal of energy for over could take place in much shorter time lar amounts available in Europe and Japan their own operation, the gasoline delivered than is suggested for most measures to con­ have been reduced (though they are still to the economy represents, on a net basis, trol inflation. very large), but the dollar holdings of Iran more than half of the raw petroleum. This WHAT ARE THE PRACTXCAL POSSmILITIES? and the Arab countries have increased rate of gasoline yield is unique. For the Many observers are likely to dismiss the strongly. world as a ·whole, the rate is less than 25 idea of saving energy in this way as being . Continued inflation will give a strong mo­ percent; for the rest of the world (subtract­ too unpopular. What ls popular in this coun­ tive to the oil countries to invest their dollars ing only the United St.ates) it is about 15 try is, however, in part a matter of informing in the United States. Whenever Arab and percent of the raw petroleum. In Europe and the public. Much could be gained if two Iranian investments in this country take Japan, most of the oil becomes industrial points were forcefully driven home. One is March 4, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5199 the fact that such large energy savings are set more than $800 million in deficit spending qulrements, the consuming public will be necessary ·ror the economic health of the by the Postal Serv.ice. He claims the depart­ d 0 nied the energy value of 35 million tons country. The other ls that restriction of traf­ ment is experiencing the same inflationary of coal a year. fic by means of control over parking space problems as others, and, is speculating that The irony is clear for all to see. Mr. would be done on the basis of individual there will be some problems ahead this need rather than income. By contrast, a high summer when negotiations begin for postal Gordon declares that, gasoline tax would hurt those. who can least workers to renew their contracts. All this At a time when private energy companies afford it and thus deepen some social class adds up to higher postage rates, and the are being routinely denounced as greedy, distinctions: it would also tend to reduce cUstinct possibility that the National Guard power-grasping monopolists-indifferent to the recreational use of the car, as for vaca­ may be called in to move your mail if nego· the consumer's welfare-a public service tions and outings. tiations stall. corporation is empire building in a manner It is hard to believe that Americans in While Ballar appeared less than optimistic worthy of Commodore Vanderbilt. general would want to mortgage the future at avoiding a rate increase, he did express a certain degree of dignity in saying that his It is important that TVA not be per­ of their country just for the pleasure of driv­ in ing to work. But communicating the facts department is depending less on public sub­ mitted to continue to operate this of life to the public is in part a matter of sidies to maintain postal operations. He re­ manner. It is also important that the wanting to communicate. Our government marked that in 1971 when the postal depart­ Federal Trade Commission, which is or­ leaders appear to Ignore the foreign exchange ment reorganized, it was relying on 17.'l dering that Peabody be sold by Kenne­ problem as a source of inflation. President percent public subsidies. Since, it has de· cott Copper, its parent company, not be Nixon did not mention it in his Los Angeles cllned to a low of 15.4 percent. permitted to use its authority to enhance speech last summer, and President Ford hard­ The last increase in first class postage came the power of another governmental body. ly touched upon it in his address to the last March when stamps went from 8 to 10 cents. While rates have climbed, the postal I wish to share with my colleagues joint houses of Congress. And yet, here is the imporbnt article, "TVA's Mammoth really where one could find some reason to service declined in efficiency under the direc­ think that wage-and-price control is not so tion of then Postmaster General, Elmer Energy Grab," by H. C. Gordon dis­ simple as it was 20 or 30 years ago. Klassen. Hopefully, our new director will tributed by the U.S. Industrial Council, For people in government, there may be strive to improve postal service and not get and insert it into the RECORD at this time. a temptation just to let inflation ride. Gov• carried away as did his predecessor who (From the USIC Editorial Research Reports) squandered away money on extravagent sur­ ernments at all levels gain advantages from TVA's MAMMOTH ENERGY GRAB inflation, because their revenues based on roundings, forgetting the responsibilities incomes and sales rise and the real value ot affixed to his title. (By H. C. Gordon) 'their outstanding bonds declines. As a com­ In 1934. when the Supreme Court upheld plication, the nation .lso gains some advan­ the right of the Tennessee Valley Authority take because the "dollar debt" also falls i.n to engage in the direct sale of electric power, real value because of infiation. TVA'S MASSIVE ENERGY GRAB Justice James McReynolds issued an inci­ But lf there is going to be a real effort to sive and prophetic dissent. TVA, he declared, abate inflation, then it must first be recog­ had embarked upon a "pretentious scheme .. nized that the balance-of-payments situa­ to standard.IBe the rates of private utilities tion, and especially the oil imports, are a HON. PHILIP M. CRANE and to attain "no less a goal tha-u the elec­ primary cause of inflation, at present prob­ OF ILLINOIS trification of America.'' ably more important than the federal budget. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The relentless expansion of 'l'VA over the To correct this, something serious must be ensuing decades has given an ominous tone done about energy. Use of energy must be Tuesday, March 4, 1975 to Justice McReynolds' initial warning. To­ held down by much more vigorous measures day, TVA is the largest supplier of elec­ than have been tried to date. American Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, unfortunate­ tricity in the United States: a multi-billion overconsumption of gasoline is a serious de· ly, the rules which other Americans must dollar federal octopus with an ever-widening feet in our economy. respect are ignored with impunity by network of tentacles. governmental agencies and regulated In light of this fact, TVA's current e1Iorts industries. to acquire Peabody Coal-this country's It is no accident that govern­ largest single coal prod ucer--ean only bo POSTAGE RATES GOING UP ment regulation of and intervention viewed with the gravest mlsglvings. Such a in the economy produces negative move, many observers believe, would actually be a gla.nt step toward nationalization of results. Liberal reformers who believed the entire industry. HON. LARRY PRESSLER otherwise in the 1920's learned a lesson What does TVA want with Peabody Coal? OF SOUTH DAKOTA which modern liberals must now relearn. The answer is even more intriguing than the IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES Frederic G. Howe, a progressive who had question. Tuesday, March 4, 1975 been in the Wilson administration wrote Although it was supposedly created for thf) in 1925 in his "Confessions Of A Re­ purpose of improving navigation and flood Mr.PRESSLER.Mr.Speaker,Iwould former" that he had become distrustful control through the construction of a series like to insert the following editorial into of the Government and he now "viewed it of dams (with hydroelectric power to be the RECORD. The editorial was written by merely an "incidental" benefit of the proJ­ as the source of exploitation rather than ect) TVA had not been long in the energy Keith Anderson of the Daily Republic the remedy for it." business before it came to rely predom.1· neWJ)aper. published in Mitchell, S. Dak. One of the problems with government nately on coal-fired steam generators t<. This South Dakota newspaper serves is that it believes that the rules it makes maintain and expand its service. At the pres· approximately 17,000 people in 10 coun­ for others are not applicable to its own ent time it is the biggest coal consumer In ties in central South Dakota. activities. Consider the current efforts of the country, with coal-fired steam account· I believe this editorial reflects the the Tennessee Valley Authority to ac­ ing for over 75% of its generating capacity. wishes of the people of South Dakota. quire ownership of Peabody Coal, the But this fact in itself 1a insufficient either Nation's largest single coal producer. to explain or to justify TVA's designs on They hope that the rate increases on Peabody. TVA already o\'Tils thousands of postal service will be used on improve­ Many observers believe that such an a.c­ acres of coal-rich lands; its estimated re­ ment of postal service and not on frills. quisition by TVA would be an important serves are between 400 and 500 million tons. The American people want government step in the direction of nationalizing that Furthermore, its annual consumption of coal to "tighten its belt" and spend dollars entire industry. is only 35 million tons while Peabody's an• only on necessities. Discussing this situation, Harold c. nual production is 70 million tons. The editorial follows: Gordon writes that, What private coal companies fear (and (From the Mitchell Dally Republic, Feb. 20, T.V.A. already owns thousands of acres of TVA's ruthless treatment of competitors in 1975) coal-rich lands; its estimated reserves are the past gives them ample cause) is that if TVA-a tax-exempt, federally subsidized POSTAGE RATES GOING UP between 400 and 500 million tons...• What private coal companies fear is that if T.V.A.­ corporation-is allowed to acquire Peabody, Speaking of lnfiation, the plight of the it will dump the surplus coal on the market first class postage stamp is heading in such the tax-exempt, federally subsidized cor­ at a price with which they will be unable spiralling direction that it may soon cost poration-is allowed to acquire Peabody, it to compete. Alternatively, it might be added Americans double to mail that letter which will dump the surplus coal on the market that if TVA acquires Peabody and decides was delivered for only 6 cents in 1968. at a price with which they will be unable to to produce only enough coal for its own re­ Our new Postmaster General. Benjamin F. compete. Alternatively, it might be added quirements. the consuming public will be Bailar, sees postal patrons paying 12 or 13 that if T.V.A. acquires Peabody and decides denied the energy value of 35 million tons cents this year for first class postage to 01!- to produce only enough coal for its own re- of coal a year. 5200 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 4, 1975

What irony I At a time when private energy of man to be used as a gem, according highly prized by the first Americans. companies are being routinely denounced to the Library of Congress. For instance, the turquoise found in Vir­ as greedy, power-grasping monopolists-in­ It is also interesting to note, and very ginia is the first· and only crystallized different to the consumers' welfare--a. public appropriate, too, when considering the turquoise to be found any place in the service corporation is empire building in a manner worthy of Commodore Vanderbilt. upcoming 200th anniversary of our Na­ entire world. In that regard I bow to my The irony is compounded by the fact that tion's birth, that turquoise is the gem­ esteemed colleague Mr. DAN DANIEL for Peabody's parent company, Kennecott Cop• stone most prized by the native Ameri­ that unique turquoise was discovered in per, is being forced to sell its subsidiary by can. Not only do today's American In­ his district in Campbell Cou:ity. order of the Federal Trade Commission. The dians make exquisite jewelry, the focal I have already mentioned that tur­ Commission ruled (and was suqsequently point of which is turquoise, but in the quoise is the oldest stone in existence to affirmed by the federal courts) that since earliest years, they used this precious be used as a gem and that face certainly Kennecott already owned a. small coal min­ stone as money. What could be more places this typically American stone in ing operation when it acquired Pea.body, its acquisition of a. major competitor consti­ meaningful than naming the stone so a class by itself. tuted a. violation of the antitrust laws. It prized by the first Americans as our Na­ Now, I wish to ask my friends of those may thus be safely said that if TVA were a tion's symbol at the very time we are other States in which turquoise is found private concern there is no way in which it celebrating the birth of our Nation. to join us in our effort to make this beau­ would be permitted to conclude such a trans­ And, it should not go unnoticed that tiful gem our official national stone. Of action. turquoise is the only gemstone in our Na­ course, my good friend and fellow New Fortunately, there are several private com­ tion which is found in great quantity Mexican Mr. RUNNELS is knowledgable panies which are also interested in buying in many of our States. It is also one of Peabody-none of which are presently en­ about this fine gem since his district in­ gaged in coal mining. Also, fortunately, there a very few stones in the world to be clas­ cludes the areas from which some of the appears to be growing opposition in Con• sified as a precious stone, and most as­ Nation's best turquoise and turquoise gress to TVA's proposed purchase. This iS suredly is the most prevalent gemstone jewelry comes. well indeed. If this deal goes through it wlll in the United States to be so classified. Congresswoman FENWICK has reason mark a. significant milestone on the road to My friends at the Bureau of Mines to be proud for in Somerset County of socialism. tell me that turquoise is, in terms of New Jersey are found specimens of the value, the most sought after stone in U.S. gem. UNITED STATES INDUSTRIAL COUNCIL, Nashville, Tenn., February 20, 1975. mining operations. Of course, those of us My two distinguished colleagues from from any of the turquoise producing Alabama, Mr. FLOWERS and Mr. NICHOLS Hon. PHILIP M. CRANE, The House of Representatives, States in this country can testify to the both represent districts where turquoise Washington, D.C. demand for this handsome gem. And is mined. DEAR CONGRESSMAN CRANE: Pardon my pre­ anyone who has sought the precious stone And the State of Texas has turquoise sumption, but I thought that the enclosed knows that it is in extremely great de­ from the district represented by Mr. editorial might be of interest to you in light mand throughout the entire United RICHARD WHITE. of the splendid work you have been doing States, not only as jewelry of rare quality There are three fellow representatives in the cause of economic liberty. Space limitations unfortunately prevented and beauty, but also as a good invest­ from my neighbor from the north, Colo­ me from giving additional details on this ment. rado, who represent districts bearing tur­ incredible story. For example, Peabody Coal, Do not mistake the introduction of quoise. They are Mr. ARMSTRONG, Mr. on top of its domestic reserves, also owns the this bill as the attempt of any singular EVANS of Colorado and Mr. JOHNSON of controlling interest in an Australian coal region to lay claim to the national stone Colorado. mining concern which sells to the Japanese. for this distinctive gemstone comes I am sure that all my colleagues from Ergo, if TVA succeeds in its bid to acquire from places so widespread as New Jer­ Arizona will join in this recognition of Peabody, it will thereby go multi-national. sey, Alabama, Virginia, Texas, Nevada, turquoise as the national stone, as it is (Quick! Call Ralph Nader! Senator Hart! The Justice Department!) Today, the Tennessee Colorado, Arizona, California, and New found in the districts represented by the Valley-tomorrow, the world! Mexico. distinguished minority leader Mr. I wish the situation really were that funny. To demonstrate the immense value RHODES and his fellow Arizonans Mr. It is in times like these that we really ap­ placed on this gem I have only to tell UDALL, Mr. STEIGER of Arizona and Mr. preciate men like yourself. you that the Aztec Indians of Central CONLAN. I have the honor to be, Sir, America, who had the mineral men prize And since turquoise is considered good Your devoted admirer, most, gold, went into what is now our luck, I think that it is most fitting that HAROLD C. GORDON. American Southwest to find turquoise. Mr. SANTINI of Nevada represents a State In fact, turquoise was so highly valued from which the gem is mined. We can all by this "nation of gold" that they de­ use a lot more good luck when visiting his fine State. OFFICIAL NATIONAL GEM manded turquoise as a tribute from the neighboring states of the Aztec nation. And while the Golden State of Cali­ And turquoise was always a desired stone fornia may get its name from another HON. MANUEL LUJAN, JR. of the Spaniards when they made ex­ mineral, I know that my colleagues Mr. OF NEW MEXICO plorations into the Southwest. BOB WILSON and Mr. BURGENER, both of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES However, it is with the American In­ whom come here representing districts dian that the most important historical in which turquoise is found, will help Tuesday, March 4, 1975 heritage of turquoise lives. For hundreds this effort. Mr. LUJAN. Mr. Speaker, today I am of years the great Indian culture of this The United States should have a na­ introducing a bill which I think is most country has included turquoise for many tional stone-a stone which is of this appropriate as we approach our 200th reasons. The god of gambling, Noholipi, country, a stone which is representative birthday. according to Indian legend, owed his re­ of the true beauty we have all inherited, The bill is one which will make tur­ markable luck to a piece of turquoise. In­ a stone which tells a story of the history quoise the official national gemstone of dians for centuries used turquoise to ward of America, a stone which can be proudly the United States. In addition to making off evil and to bring good luck. In fact, put on a pedestal with the other precious turquoise the national gemstone. I think there was hardly any phase of Indian gemstones of the world. We need a stone it most appropriate that the gemstone be life which did not include turquoise in which shows the strength of this land designated the official gem of our Na­ some way or another. and its people and yet which is beautiful tional Bicentennial of 1976. Of course, today we see much fine and graceful. The reasons for selecting turquoise as silver and turquoise Indian jewelry on We have this stone. We have tur­ our national stone are many and varied; the market but that represents only the quoise. Turquoise has the blue of the sky, although turquoise would serve well as last 95 years of history of turquoise in the azure of the sea~ the green of the our national stone because of its beauty this country. One authority has said the grasslands, and the ribbons of brown as and heritag0 alone. Indians did not begin to use silver until in the Earth. Turquoise has the smooth But to tell you something about the 1880 and that before that turquoise calmness of a lake on a windless day and fine heritage of this stone which so truly stood alone as a jewel. it has the ruggedness of the great moun­ represents the entire Nation: Turquoise There are some unique qualities about tains of this country. was the first stone in recorded history turquoise in addition to it being so So, for these reasons and more than I March 4, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5201 bullets. Their slogan "you need a bullet llke must be done about the use of guns while could name within the time I have to you need a hole in the head". Commendable, commJtting a crime. Let us leave a better speak, I ask that thiS esteemed body but naive. I assure you that the potential legacy for the future. Let it start here in name turquoise as· our national gem­ kWer, killer-burglar, klller-robber, killer­ Michigan. Let us show that the law can work stone. rapist will have his gun and get the bullets, for society. Let us show that society can too. work the law. Let us leave the gun carrying We know that police cannot protect every burglar, robber and rapist to his "peers." Let CAN CRIME BE CONQUERED person in his own home. We do not have the him know that if he "does the crime," he'll money or the manpower. We a.re losing the "do the time." battle in the streets. Yet we must do some­ HON. JOHN D. DINGELL thing-something better than we have done OF :MICHIGAN in the past. THE OTHER 20 PERCENT: Let us start by getting at the RE;AL prob­ POVERTY IN THE SOUTH IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES lem. Let us get at the CRIMINAL who brings Tuesday, March 4, 1975 and uses a gun when he commits a crime. HON. ANDREW YOUNG Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, pursuant Later we can address the problem of too many handguns possessed by too many citizens. OF GEORGIA to permission granted I insert into the That problem may alleviate itself if we solve IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES CONGESSIONAL RECORD an excellent speech the other problem first. by the Honorable Johannes F. Spreen, There is a d11ference between a person who Tuesday, March 4, 1975 sheriff of Oakland County, Mich., one buys a gun to protect his loved ones and Mr. YOUNG of Georgia. Mr. Speaker, of Michigan's largest counties. Sheriff someone who is out to commit a crime with the Southern Regional Council recently Spreen is an educator and law enforce­ an instrument of death. Certainly, the bum who uses a gun should published a study by Gretchen Mac­ ment officer with over 37 years experi­ not be allowed to thumb his nose at society. Lachlan entitled "The Other Twenty ence. Let us remove these potential killers from Percent: A Statistical Analysis of Pov­ His comments effectively lay out the the scene. If a five-year term went into erty in the South." fashion in which the Nation should effect, they would go away to prison say on The :findings, as noted in an introduc­ begin to combat crime. I believe the July 4, 1976, and know that they wm not be tion by the council's executive director, action suggested by Sheriff Spreen, vig­ out again until July 4, 1981. Maybe our good George Esser, . and associate director orous enforcement of the law, is far su­ citizens, on our 200th anniversary will have a little freedom to pursue their happiness Harry Bowie, include these: perior to removing :firearms from the in these United States of America.. Inflation in the South has grown at a hands of law-abiding citizens. If these hoodlums are convicted a second higher rate than in the Nation as a The speech follows: time of using a gun in the commission of whole. SPEECH BY PROFESSOR JOHANNES F. SPREEN, these crimes, the mandatory sentence should Work is no guarantee against poverty. SHERIFF OF OAKLAND COUNTY, MICH. be doubled or tripled. The third time we The majority of southern poor people In 1938, J. Edgar Hoover spoke to the De­ should throw away the key. work. troit Economic Club. His subject was "Law­ Just recently, several state legislators have lessness as a National Menace." A few days proposed a two-year mandatory sentence for The industrial structure of the South ago Clarence Kelley, the current director of the use of a gun in a felony. While I still is more heavily concentrated in low­ the F.B.I. addressed the Detroit Economic would like to see a stiffer sentence ( 5 years) wage industries than in the rest of the Club on that very same topic, asking the I definitely support their proposal. It would Nation. question, "Can Crime Be Conquered?" 8ad, be good for Michigan to lead the nation with Poverty is more intense among south­ isn't it, that 37 years later the problem still such enlightened legislation. We should con­ ern blacks than among whites. exists, to an even greater degree. something gratulate their efforts. Southerners have received less formal must be done, and NOW, so that 37 years The criminals, no doubt, will always be from now in the year 2012, we will not be able to get a gun and of course the bullets education than the Nation's population asking, "Oan_crime be conquered?" for it, but if this legislation is passed, they as a whole. Citizens are being murdered daily in their will think twice before bringing a loaded gun Mr. Speaker, these and other :findings own homes and businesses and police who with them when they go out to rob, burgle, in the study-which can be obtained respond to aid them are constantly laying and rape. The professional burglar of old from the Southern Regional Council, 52 their lives on the line. would never have brought a gun with him. Fairlie St. N.W .• Atlanta, Ga. 30303- I speak today as a police educator, but He had a certain pride in his craft. He wasn't also from 37 years of police study and ex­ a mean killer. Today, who do we have com­ underscore the need for action on a na­ perience, having opened my first police text­ mitting these crimes? About three-fourths tional as well as regional and local level bOoks the same year J. Edgar Hoover was in are recidivists (repeaters), a small core who to improve economic conditions in the Detroit. I have seen the toll in robberies, are committing the majority of the crimes South. A more prosperous South will burglaries, rapes. I have seen citizens fright­ over and over again. Half of all serious crimes relieve extreme suffering in that area ened and killed. I have seen policemen hurt are committed by kids. Far more than half and benefit the entire national economy. and shot. I have attended their funerals. In are drug addicts who are hopped up. Most of I submit for the RECORD the statement the pa.st ten yea.rs a. thousand law enforce­ all, these people use guns. A gun should not ment officers were killed and 70 percent by be in such hands-hands that represent peo­ by Mr. Esser and Mr. Bowie. individuals using handguns. They walk and ple who could not care less, or are immature· STATEMENT BY GEORGE Essm AND work on the fingertips of death. or are crazed, hopped up by drugs, and whose HARRY Bown: There is no reason why this ma.ssacre­ fingertips could snuff out the life of a citizen In a time of economic recession a.nd infla­ this uneven battle-should continue. or policeman. tion the persistence of poverty in the south The time for action is now. The smart criminal is one who is "jail takes on special signl:flcance. Inflation in the Four years ago, in May, 1971, I wrote a smart." He wheels and deals through his south, for instance, has grown a.t a higher news column calling for an additional jail lawyer, delaying and adjourning the trial. ra.te than in the nation as a whole. Moreover, sentence for the carrying of a gun when it using and abusing our criminal justice sys­ the method of computing those in poverty is used in the commission of certain crimes. tem while the victim lies in the hospital or fails to take in·to account an extremely im­ I recommended five years mandated by law the morgue. Let's stop playing games. Or if portant fact.or. I·tems in family budgets with no probation, no parole, no early re­ we MUST play games, let's change some of which had the most rapid price increase­ lease, no good time. the rules. tood, housing, transporta.tion-nstitute a I believe the Judiciary of Michlgan should The calls for the return to capital punish­ far greater share of poor people's expendi­ still have discretion over punishment for ment are many. However, if the gun-crime tures th&n of those in middle income groups. the crime itself, but no discretion on the legislation is passed, there will not be so Poverty levels established in 1964-65 are up­ charge of using a gun to commit it if he many killers to be capitally punished. dated each year t.o refleot changes in the cost is convicted by a jury of his peers. I be­ We the citizens must get smart now, so of living by the increase in the total con­ lieve these "peers" are sick and tired of this that we leave our children a better day 37 sumer price index. But beginning in 1972, ac­ nonsense. years from now. celerating in 1973 a.nd 1974 the price in­ We must do something about handgun I would be remiss, if I did not lend my crease in the items for which the poor spend control, but there is a vital difference be­ voice in support of these good legislative their money has been greater than in the tween gun control and gun prohibition. Let's proposals. Let's send out a strong message total index. What this means ls that since not make criminals out of people who buy to the bums and punks and potential killers 1972 the number of actual poor has been or have guns out of fear, to protect their everywhere and put som.e fear into their understated. and that as infie.tton continues, loved ones, themselves, or their homes. We hearts and save our good citizens and save especlally in food prices, the number Will are not going to.accomplish anything by try­ our police. Do it now, here in Michigan. continue t.o be understated. ing to ban all handguns. We are not going to I speak today for myself, but I believe that This study, essentlally a &ta.tistical analysis get the gun away from. the crim.inal. there is not a police chief or a sher11f in the of regional poverty data derived from. the 1970 So~e are supporting: a drive to prohibit country who would not agree that som~thing _ Census, illustrates that well before the pres- 5202 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 4, 1975 ent crisis.in the ns.tion's economy tl.e South programs should be strengthened, outreach excise taxes over rationing he is getting at had a larger proportional share of the efforts undertaken to enroll those eligible. the hub of our energy problem. This week he nation's poor than the remaining 39 states. For, almost by definition, the poor among us ordered his first tariff boost. It ls also clear that a significantly large num­ are those who benefit lnadequa.tely and in­ His program alms at cutting back on oil ber or Southerners, not classified as poor, equitably from the normal workings of the use, not only as motor fuel but in the whole were living on incomes that put them peril­ economic and social order. array of other uses, including boiler fuel, ously close to poverty levels. There remains the danger, however, in a heating and as a raw material for industry. The census of 1970, we would point out, period of national economic crisis that the At the same time he proposes a lifting of represented the first time that the Census problems of those at the very bottom of the the oil and gas price celling to spur the Bureau had collected poverty data on the economic ladder will be exacerbated. Pro• domestic search for oil and gas. So his plan sea.le reported here. Our purpose in present­ grams designed to aid the poor have never calls for personal sacrifices in curtailing en­ ing an exa.mina.tion of the regional data is to been popular among the afHuent, and today ergy use and in paying more for energy. Ra­ identify the South's poo-r in detail in order there are voices in the land calling for drastic tioning by itself would not stimulate explora­ to provide a statistical base for remedial ac­ cutbacks in social welfare programs as a tion, but would act as a depressant, lacking tion. Several major findings, with broad pol­ panacea for halting inflation. We do not pre­ built-in incentives. icy implications, emerge from our analysis. tend to have the solution to the nation's The Ford plan calls for no new armies of Poverty among Southern blacks, as has current economic perplexities. But we do not bureaucrats with their huge budgets and historically been the ca.se, remains more in­ believe that in a compassionate nation, at a endless red tape. Backers of rationing cannot tense than among whites, although in ab­ time when more people--not fewer-will make similar claims for their multi-billion­ solute numbers more whites are poor than likely need the services of such programs dollar idea. blacks. that acceptable answers are to be found in Accompanying the vaguely outlined ration­ Poverty rates in rural area.s, not unex­ penaltzing those most victimized by, and ing idea is a plea for a 90-day delay. Another pectedly, were uni!ormly higher th.an in least responsible for, the hard times that now delay atop the near year and a half since the urban a.rea.s. beset us all. spigots were shut on oil of the Middle East? The percentage of poor families headed by Nor, finally, will the best interests of so­ Where have congressional opponents of Pres­ females waa far grea.ter than those headed ciety be served by penalties that prevent ident Ford been, sunning in the Watergate by males. Black female headed families are those same people from finding a productive fioodlights? particularly vulnerable. As a result, the role. Back of each statistic in our report are Mr. Ford and his experts have hammered South's poverty bears heavily on the chil­ flesh and blood people, adults who have never out a plan over the months, coming up with dren of the region, since most female-headed known any existence other than that of a considered program to help the energy­ families-<>! both ra-ces--0ontaln children. harsh, and shattering poverty, children whose short nation work its way toward energy in­ Work is no guarantee a.gain.st poverty. The childhoods are being needlessly blighted and dependence. majority of Southern poor, in fact, do work, whose potential for growth into useful citi­ Those against the admlnistratlon's recom­ but do not ea.rn enough to raise their fami­ zens is being jeopardized, the elderly who mendation are long on criticism, short on lies' income above poverty levels. are victims of their own failing strength and research and still groping. In their ranks The industrial structure of the South in of society's indifference. Seen in such a light are many of the same people who, a short 1970 was more heavily concentrated in low the statistics here take on a new and terrify· while ago, harangued that Mr. Ford had no wa.ge industries than was true in the rest of ing reality. plan. the nation. We present our data, then, with the hope Negativism and obstructionism are no Only a very small perceDJtage of Southern that policymakers at every level of govern­ substitute for the constructive cooperation families received public assistance in 1970. ment and in the private sector will use it as needed between Congress and the White All sta.tes defined need at levels lower than the basis for formulation of policies and House to work the nation out of the hole on the federally established poverty line. In programs that both respond to basic human energy. most Southern states maximum payments needs and open up opportunities for a full Persons who present as painless any plan were far below even the sta.tes' own estab­ share in a productive society. to make up for our years of neglect, misrule lished need levels. The result of such policies and profligacy in the field of energy brand was inevitable: public assistance helped only themselves impostors." a sma.U fraction of the poor to move out of GAS RATIONING? NO THANKS! poverty. Although overall the rate of pa.rtlcipation In Boclal Security by the South's elderly was HON. DAVID C. TREEN VOICE OF DEMOCRACY WINNER only slightly below tha.t of the elderly in the OF LOU'ISIANA re&t of the nation, participation among elder­ IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES HON. JOSEPH G. MINISH ly blacks was far below national averages. 'nlis was so because elderly blacks during Tuesday, March 4, 1975 OF NEW JERSEY IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES their work years were heavlly concentrated Mr. TREEN. Mr. Speaker, now that the tn domestic work and fa.rm labor, Jobs that Tuesday, March 4. 1975 only during the past two decades oove come House has voted to block the President's under the Soclal Security Act. proposal to raise oil import taxes, the Mr. MINISH. Mr. Speaker, I am proud southerners have received less form.al edu­ burden is the opponents' to propose ways to announce that the 1974-75 New Jersey cation than the nation's population as a to reduce oil consumption. winner of the VFW Voice of Democracy whole. Among the poor the percentage With At least one major newspaper, the New Contest is a resident of the 11th Con­ a high school education is stlll alarmingly Orleans Times-Picayune, applauded the low. gressional District, which I have the Detalled policy recommendations to reach President's bold initiatives, and in its honor to represent in the Congress. the causes of regional poverty are beyond the January 26 editorial called on us not to The New Jersey winner is Frank A. scope of the present study, but the need for forget the sad experience the Nation had Frederick, Jr., of Orange, N.J. Frank is certain broad measures ls clear. with gasoline rationing during the last a junior at Our Lady of the Valley High Public education in the South should pro­ World War. I urge my colleagues to read School in Orange. He is the son of Frank vide for equitable financing of schools in carefully the Times-Picayune editorial, Sr. and Patricia Frederick. order to bring a higher quality of education "Gas Rationing? No thanks!": I congratulate Frank Frederick upon to children in poverty areas. GAS RATIONING? No THANKS! There must be adequate funds for man­ his fine achievement and wish him the power programs that will enhance individual Those, including congressmen, who believe best in the nationwide contest to be earning opportunities, improve productivity gasoline rationing to be the way of our energy held this month in Washington. and contribute to economic development. pinch have sketchy memories of the last time At this point in the RECORD, Mr. Such programs should not only meet labo1' gas was rationed, or they haven't bothered Speaker, I insert the winning essay for market demands, but provide special assist­ to study that phase of history, or they weren't New Jersey: ance to persons living in rural areas and ln drivers then. They've even forgotten our re­ cent sad experience with government con­ VFW VOICE OF DEMOCRACY ScHOLARSHIP PRO­ urban Pthettos, to women, to youth, to minor­ GRAM WXNNER, FRANK A. FREDERICK,- JR., OP ities wL.., have for so long borne the penalties trols. or employment discrimination. These pro­ Black markets, gross discrimination, politi­ NEW JERSEY cians getting extra gas-to lay hands on extra When it comes to the Pledge of Allegiance, grams should be linked with governmental gas tickets turned many an otherwise re­ how do you say it? Do you recite it as one economic development policies that will in­ spected family man into a conniving wheel­ long sentence? I remember years ago, I and ftuence the location of Jobs in poverty-heavy er in what became the great national pas­ my friends practiced saying it in one breath areas. time. and whoever said it fastest won. I guess in Social welfare programs should be focused And if many average Americans turned a a way we are all like that. We are so accus­ toward bringing both the working poor and dishonest ticket, the underworld turned ra­ tomed to saying the pledge that we forget those not in the labor force to at least a tioning into a vast gold mine. That was in its meaning: m1nlmum needs level, preferably to be det.er­ wartime, too, and with more patriotic deter­ "I pledge allegiance to the flag of the mined by the federal government, on a uni­ rents than in peacetime. United States of America, and to the form basis rather than by states. Existing When President Ford favors oil tariffs and republic for which it stands; one nation March 4, ·1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5203 Athens embodies many of the responsibili­ under God, indivisible, with liberty and Stat.e winners and I w1sh him the best of ties of citizenship and eloquently states my justice for all." luck in this final competition. responslbllity as an American citizen: "We This is my responsibility as a clttzen of I commend curt's essay to the atten­ will never bring disgrace to this, our city, the United States, to see that the pledge ta tion of my colleagues: by any act of dishonesty or cowardice, nor spoken with the heart, accepted by the mind, MY REsl'ONSIBILITY AS A CITIZEN ever desert our suffering comrades in the and made true by the body. ranks. We will fight for the idea.ls and Thomas Jefferson wrote in the Declaration Most of us take our citizenship for granted. By wha.tevel' means it was acquired, we stlll sacred things of the city, both a.lone and of Independence that, if a government be­ with many." comes a tyranny, it ls the responsibility of just take it for granted. To most Americans the important thing a.bout citizenship ls just This then becomes my responsibility: To the people to see it overthrown. stand for the best in America, shun the dis­ Our government is a far cry from tyranny having it. Few of us ever stop to think a.bout or consider our responsibilities as a citizen. honesty, deplore the cowardice and remain and was created fiexible enough to remain constant to the idea.ls of the American way. sound if we guard it. our government was By definition a. citizen is a. member of a designed so that all can have part owner­ political or social group. He gives his allegi­ ship in it. But with ownership comes re­ ance to the group and in return he receives THE AND its benefits. Citizenship involves the rights, NEED FOR GUN CONTROL sponsibility, the responsibility to see the laws THE NATIONAL COUNCIL TO CON­ of our making obeyed and the laws that have privileges a.nd duties of an individual. Most become unacceptable changed. of us a.re a.ware, and very vocal about our TROL HANDGUNS I believe in our government, and our laws, rights and privileges. Few of us, however, and in our right to peacefully change those stop to consider, let a.lone fulfill our duties. HON. MICHAEL HARRINGTON laws that are, at least, obsolete. And I will The outcome of good citizenship and the stand and defend this country if it needs by-product of the work of the good citizen OF MASSACHUSETl'S defense. a.re obvious and essential. Good citizenship IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES yields a stronger better nation. The good But, let me say this: I am not an Ameri­ Tuesday. March 41 1975 can patriot, I hold patriotism to humanity. citizen works to improve his country and I value man higher than I do his govern­ there a.re many ways that I, as a good citizen, Mr. HARRINGTON. Mr. Speaker, it ment. If this means that I must disa.gree can do this. As a. good citizen I should obvi­ should be clear to us all that the 94th with the law-makers to better help those ously a.bide by the laws of my country, I Congress will simply have to assume a la.wed upon, I shall. should pay my taxes to help support the responsibility for passing effective hand­ That is my responsibility. government, and I should be respectful of Though it seems unlikely, that is also the others wishes. But my most important re­ gun control legislation. The situation is rule stated in the Pledge of Allegiance, that sponsibility ls to safeguard the rights and out of hand, as the FBI has reported men have liberty and justice--all men. privileges of other ciltzens. I must protect since 1972, some 31 percent of all mur­ As a citizen: I am a businessman, a mer­ everyone's rights. Using Nazi Germany as an ders occurred within families and be­ chant, a. farmer, a. la.borer. I am married, example the importance of this can be il­ tween others close to each other. Another widowed, divorced, and single. I am a woman, lustrated for all of us. As the rights of certain 41 percent grew from disputes which I am a man, I am a child, I am an adult. religious groups eroded under Hitler's rule, were, presumably, between persons wlio I am myself, but I am part of everyone the other citizens did nothing to protect or around. There are few that I do not effect by secure the rights for the oppressed. ThiS knew each other well. my actions. started the irreversible tide, and eventually Handgun ownership has proved to be I rule and I am ruled. I sin and I am sinned the entire country was a totalitarian state one of the most destructive facets of our against. I feel joy and I ca.use joy. with Hitler and his men having all the rights modern society. Witness the fact that for Ia.ma product of this country. My values and the true citizens none. every thief confronted by a homeowner and responses are shaped by this country. My It ls proven that in order for people to be bearing a handgun, four homeowners or duties and responsibilities I accept happily strong and free-thinking they must be free. their relatives are killed in handgun acci­ in the name of this country. And, for all its This prevalent atmosphere in America ls faults, I love, and am proud to be a member necessary and essential to her citizens. With­ dents. Furthermore, only 2 percent of of, this country. out strong citizens our country will falter. home robberies result in the trespasser Therefore, my primary responsibility, or being shot by the homeowner. Clearly duty, lies then in protecting the rights and the cost of public handgun ownership far privileges of the other citizens of my coun­ outweighs the benefits. JOHN CURTIS SMITH CHOSEN IN­ try. An advertisement recently appeared in DIANA WINNER OF VFW VOICE OF One of the more basic concepts of Ameri­ the Washington Post sponsored by the DEMOCRACY SCHOLARSHIP PRO­ can government ts that the government and National Council to Control Handguns. GRAM FOR SCRIPT OF "MY RE­ the people who compose it refiect the peo­ ple. Therefore in protecting and preserving What is most unsettling, perhaps, is the SPONSIBILITY AS A CITIZEN" these rights I serve a. multiple purpose. I help validity of the advertise~ents' reference make the government strong and productive, to congressional inaction being respon­ I help make her citizens strong, while secur­ sible for a persistently high national HON. DAVID W. EVANS ing the blessings of liberty and security crime rate. As reported by the National OF INDIANA for myself. Commission on Civil Disorders, the Ad· IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Now that I know the primary respon­ ministration of Justice, and the Presi­ sibility of a citizen I need to know how I Tuesday, March 4, 1975 dent's Commission on Civil Disorders, can go about carrying it out. In preserving our crime rate would decline significant­ Mr. EVANS of Indiana. Mr. Speaker, these rights and privileges I must vote re­ sponsibility. Voting responsibility entails ly with the elimination of public hand­ each year the Veterans of Foreign Wars gun ownership. and its ladies auxiliary conducts the more than just pulling the right lever on election day. It means being informed of I am hopeful that the advertisement Voice of Democracy scholarship program the true issues. It involves being a student which I would like to insert in the REC­ in our Nation's secondary schools. This of your government. As a good citizen I ORD at this time will serve as a reminder is a national broadcast scriptwriting pro­ should involve myself. As a good citizen I to each and every colleague in the House gram which provides our high school stu­ should develop a nationaliStic attitude. This that handgun control legislation must dents an opportunity to write and speak attitude encompasses many things. I must learn to submit to the will of the masses be a high priority item for the 94th up for freedom and democracy. Congress: This year's theme is "My Responsibility when I have a different opinion. I must also as a Citizen,'' and I am pleased to an­ work to secure the rights of the minority Is IT NOT TIME FOR CONGRESS To AcT? when I am in the majority. I must learn to Over a quarter of a million Americans were nounce to my colleagues that the winner question and at the same time submit to from the State of Indiana is one of my a.t this end of a. handgun last year-victims national policy. All this time I must remem­ of 10,000 murders, 100,000 ~rious assaults, constituents, Mr. Curt Smith, of Indian­ ber: "The government that governs best and 160,000 armed robberies. apolis. governs least." This saying is well proven in Since the 1930's a majority of Americans Curt is the son of Mr. and Mrs. John R. America. And this brings me to my final have supported handgun controls. By not Smith, of 8049 Chiltern Road, Indian­ responsibility as a citizen. I must govern enacting effective handgun legislation, past apolis. Curt attends Pike High School in myself. I must act as a responsible person Congresses have not responded to the views Indianapolis, where he is president of so it won't be necessary for others to gov­ of the electorate. the senior class, editor-in-chief of the ern me. The greatest asset of the citizens The National Council to Control Handguns, of America is their government and nation. a new non-profit organization, needs your school paper, and a Student Council And the greatest asset of America. is her support to bring the urgent message from representative. citizens. That relationship is vital and es­ the people to the politicians-we a.re fed up Curt will be coming to Washington sential to both. living with crime. The 94th Congress should next week fo~ the final judging of all An oath from the ancient Greek city of and can act to reduce .crime in this country. cx:XI__:a29-Part 4 5204 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS ~ March 4, 1975 Congress must start by passing effective This is where Cdngressmen signed on for legislation to control the handgun-the Administration tours go when their plane CHARLES SAYERS, WINNER OFVFW­ favorite weapon of the criminal. leaves Washington. They fly to New York, SPONSORED "VOICE OF DEMOC­ Won't you please join us in working for spend two days in one of the Kennedy Air­ RACY" CONTEST IN NEW YORK a more peaceful America? port holding patterns, and then land at Rock­ (Because we a.re an active lohbying orga­ ville where briefings begin immediately. HON. OTIS G. PIKE nization, gifts to NCCH are not tax deduct­ The man who plays President Thieu at ible. Mark Borinsky, Chairman.) the Rockville Vietnam is a retired actor OF NEW YORK Please make your check payable to: named Slim Sensenbaugh, and I asked him IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES NCCH (The National Council to Control recently what sort of policy successes he Tuesday, March 4, 1975 Pandguns) would show visiting Congressmen. 1910 K Street, N.W. "It'll be a little different from the old days Mr. PIKE. Mr. Speaker, each year the Washington, D.C. 20006 when we used to get Bob McNamara and Gen. Veterans of Foreign Wars and its Ladies Enclosed is $15 for NCCH Membership Max Taylor up here in Rockville," Sensen­ Auxiliary conducts a Voice of Democracy Dues - I wish to give more. Enclosed is - baugh explained. "In those days we gave contest. The excellence of this program ()500 - $100 - $50 - $25 $----- them a simple rosy-outlook briefing. All they in fostering good citizenship among our Name ------­ wanted was enough to be able to go back youth is known and recognized through­ Address ------and say there was light at the end of the out the land by reason of this distin­ ------Zip ------tunnel if we Just had the patience to spend a few billion more dollars." guished organization's tireless efforts Nowadays the situation is different. There and dedication to the service of the Na­ A WEEK CAN CHANGE ONE'S LIFE­ ls no hope that Congress will send billions tion and it.5 young people. I am informed IN COMMEMORATION OF OUR to Vietnam this year. Professor Kissinger that this year nearly half a million sec­ VIETNAM DELEGATION'S RETURN will be happy if he ~an get just a few hun­ ondary school students participated in dred millions. the contest for scholarship prizes worth "For this kind of thing," Sensenbaugh up to $10,000, thanks to the generosity HON. GEORGE E. BROWN, JR. said, "we'll show them evidence that the and good work of the VFW. OF CALIFORNIA other side is determined to humiliate the With such keen competition as this, it IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES United States by crushing us, but that we can hang on if Congress will come across is an honor for me to announce to my Tuesday, March 4, 1975 with a trifling three or four hundred mil­ colleagues in the House that the winning Mr. BROWN of California. Mr. lion." speech for the entire State of New York Speaker, I rise today to welcome our dis­ I asked to see some of the Rockville Viet­ this year was delivered by a 17-year-old tinguished colleagues' return from their nam's devices for persuading Congressmen, who resides in the First Congressional and Sensenbaugh took me to a large well­ District which I am privileged to repre­ 7-day sojourn to Vietnam. They bravely lit room full of writers. sent. Herewith is the text of that ex­ set out to determine whether the prem­ "These writers a.re mostly old fiction cellent and inspiring speech as delivered ises that have guided our economic and writers from dead magazines-Collier's, The in statewide competition by young Mr. military policy toward Vietnam-prem­ Saturday Evening Post, Life," Sensenbaugh Charles Sayers, Centereach, Long Island, ises that have evolved over 20 years of said. N.Y.: dishonorable, unconscionable, and un­ "Right now they are all busy composing captured enemy documents that will prove 1974-75 VFW VOICE OF DEMOCRAcY SCHOLAR­ ethical involvement in a war we never SHIP PROGRAM NEW YORK WINNER, CHARLES chose to declare-have caused us to be­ to Congressmen that the Communists be­ S.SAYERS come too un:fiinching in our resolution lieve the United States is too cheap to keep up the good fight." Today I feel that there is a need to inform to end this U.S. immersion in Vietnam­ the American people as to what my respon­ ese history. He showed me a freshly inked captured sibilities as a citizen are. To some it may I am sure we will all be interested in enemy document. "Top Secret from Hanoi," sound like I'm saying that I'm constantly be­ their comments and conclusions about it said. "Unless the Congress of the United ing assaulted by a barrage of laws while their experiences, and in any suggestions States gives Professor Kissinger $300 million trying to keep my head above a sea of gov­ right away, Communism will triumph by ernmental red tape. That, because of this they might have for a possible hesita­ springtime." feeling, I believe that my fate lies in the tion in our current perseverance to end A writer handed Sensenbaugh a draft and hands of some Congressman who knows how all involvement immediately. asked what he thought of it. It said, "Top to pull the strings that make the wheels I will always listen to anyone's justifi­ Secret and eyes only to our brave captured of government turn. But do you realize that cations for continuing an unjustifiable soldiers-if Kissinger gets the $300 million as an American I have two basic responsibil­ nourishment of an endless battle. from Congress it's curtains for Communism ities without which our government could In commemoration of the return of in Asia." not survive? To love America and to protect it with every faculty at my disposal. this delegation, I wish to insert a New "A little obvious for my taste," said Sensen­ Yea, I can just hear you saying it now, York Times article, written by Russell baugh, "but a Congressman should love it." "What can this kid do? He's only one person." Baker, which will conclude my remarks: I asked Sensenbaugh if visiting Congress­ Well, if you love a child do you constantly CONGRESS IN DISNEYNA:M men ever asked to see some captured ask what you can do for it? Do you say, (By Russell Baker) enemies. "We always keep a large cast of ''I'm only one person. I cannot possibly love captured enemy soldiers in case they do," this child enough!" Of course not, you strive The Administration is trying to get a group he said, showing me a compound where a boldly ahead with all the love and sincerity of Congressmen to go to Vietnam and discover you can possibly muster. that American policy there is sound. large cast was practicing looking captured and hostile. My confidence lies in the knowledge that It is a routine that was developed in the our country was formed by the boldness and early Johnson period. Whenever, as now, Con­ "It's the chorus of the Metropolitan Opera," he said. "They always need the love for freedom of a few insignificant men. gress threatens to balk at financing our vari­ Where would we be today if two hundred ous wars out there, the Administration trans­ money." years ago on April eighteenth Paul Revere ports a group of them to Vietnam to admire Don't visiting Congressmen ever object to said, "I'm just a poor little silversmith! How our policy successes on the scene and bring being sent to the Rockville Vietnam? The can I warn the troops at Lexington that the back a rosy report. only man who ever objected, said Sensen­ British are coming? I mean, Ben Franklin If the group ever gets off the ground, it baugh, was George Romney. He came back can ride a horse." Or if George Washington won't see the Asian Vietnam, of course. No­ from Rockville saying he had been "brain­ said, "Are you crazy!? If I stand at the body very important has been allowed in washed" and everyone became so angry that front of the boat I'll either get shot or fall there since 1967. Romney had to stop running for President. into the Delaware." No, these brave men In that the Government realized that "He had broken the rules of the game," took their idea of government very seriously. the whole thing might collapse at any mo­ I suggested tentatively. Unfortunately, within that two hundred ment, and naturally it did not want to lose "It wasn't that," said Sensenbaugh. year period we have suffered such atrocities a lot of Congressmen who had been sent as World Wa.r I. World War II, the Korean there to see how splendidly the policy was "Everybody saw Romney was a dangerous War and the Vietnam War. But each was succeeding. man when he admitted we brainwashed him marked by the purpose of protecting The National Security Council decided it here at Rockville. A guy like that could America. Men have died to protect this coun­ would be safer to demonstrate our Vietnam have gotten the whole country trapped in try. They were merely individuals but their successes in a less troubled setting. It called the quagmire of reality. What's more Con­ presence was made known. They did not run. in the creators of Disneyland and had them gressmen might have had to start going to They did not have to question as to whether build a brand-new Vietnam on the outskirts the real Vietnam again. We could lose a lot or not the war was right but merely, "If I of Rockvllle, Maryland. of Congressmen that way." don't go what will happen to America?" Be- March 4, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5205 ca.use, la.dies and gentlemen, If I ·don't protect nent, can declare themselves "for" a given view with suspicion anyone classed as a America. who in God's name wlll? Will the project, and their position will be buried on lobbyist, Congressmen know the con­ blood and sweat of my ancestors be blown the back page if it sees the light of day at structure services they render. The pub­ into the winds of time to settle into obliv­ all. lic, I think, tends to think of the lobbyist ion, because I did not have the courage to. Without taking a stand for or against the as a man smoking a black cigar, lurking defend it? If America. is to be left un­ matter involved, I would like to draw atten­ guarded, being attacked not only by other tion to a recent statement by 32 of the most in the dark corridors of the Capitol, lur­ skeptical countries but by our own people, eminent scientists in our nation. Included ing the Congressman to a party, engag­ what will be left for my children? in this group are no fewer than 11 Nobel ing him in surreptitious conversations. Whenever I have doubts about the honesty Prize winners. Taken a.s a group, they a.re Actually, lobbyists serve an important, and dedication of a certain public official I certainly a formidable collection of experts­ even indispensable function in the legis­ look at what he or she has done for the some with vested interests in the nuclear lative process today. They are experts on benefit of America. before I condemn them. business, but many in a position to be quite their subjects and are capable of explain­ I do not ignore governmental policies just dispassionate in their views. ing complex issues in a clear, under­ because I do not understand them. Believe These experts strongly favor nuclear pow­ me, I'm not saying America. right or wrong. er a.s a way to deal with our critical needs. standable fashion. They prepare briefs, I'm saying, if it's wrong, I'll look a.t all sides They also emphasize the urgency of a vig­ memoranda, and legislative analyses, of the issue rather than attack it. If it must orous coal resources development program. and draft legislation for Members of be changed I will try to amend it. And if its Nuclear power involves some risks, but they Congress and committees; as specialists, life is threatened, I will die for it. America point out that these can and are being well they can often provide information un­ belongs to the people and it is my responsi­ controlled, contrary to the sea.re publicity given to some minor mistakes which were available elsewhere. Lobbyists follow bi11ty to see that it is not taken a.way from closely the progress of bills in which us. simply pa.rt of the learning period. Most people in this country a.re not aware they are interested, and can often give of this authoritative expression of support Members valuable advice on options FAffiNESS IN THE NUCLEAR ISSUE for nuclear energy. Certainly the media did available to them. They keep in touch not give it national headlines. Contract this with the interests in a Member's district, inattention with what would have occurred and they keep the people back home in­ if these same scientists had come out with HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK equal firmness against nuclear energy. Three· formed of the actions of their Congress­ OF OHIO inch headlines on every newspaper in the man. Admittedly lobbyists usually present IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES country would have announced that "Nobel Prize Winners Declare Nuclear Energy a Mis­ only one side of a question, but spokes­ Tuesday, March 4, 1975 take" or words to that effect. These men persons for the various economic, com­ Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, energy would have been invited to participate in mercial and other interests of this coun­ television talk shows. They would have been try are much needed. is the key to our Nation's economy. With­ interviewed on national network newscasts. out a sufficient supply of energy, Ameri­ They would have been invited to speak on The lobbying function is an important can industry comes to a grinding halt the lecture circuit throughout the country, adjunct of citizens' constitutional right and millions of workers are thrown out and quoted endlessly by the opponents of to freedom of speech. In a free society, of work. nuclear power. Indeed, just this sort of thing citizens have the right to petition Con­ If the United states is to avert this happens when a single scientist, frequently gress for legislation, and opposing sides crisis, we must begin now to develop and with dubious credentials. makes some kind of of a question that have the right to be a sweeping accusation about nuclear power. heard. Lobbyists focus the attention of utilize new energy resources such as solar, The imbalance in treatment on this most nuclear, and geothermal energy. We can­ critical issue is very dangerous. Since the the Congress on many issues which re­ not rely forever on our fossil fuel man in the street is hardly a nuclear expert, quire legislation. reserves. nor for that matter are most congressmen, The lobbyists' job in 1975 is far more Because our need for new energy re.. the influence of this imbalance attention complex than several decades ago. Gone sources is so great, I have been disturbed can be enormous. The results of the mis­ are the days when a single contact with by the disproportionate amount of media takes in judgment which could thus be a single infiuential legislator would ac­ coverage given to critics of the nuclear fostered will be felt for decades. complish the lobbyist's purpose. power industry. The media is paying far The lobbyist today recognizes the dif­ more attention to the detractors of nu­ PUBLIC DISCLOSURE OF LOBBYING fusion of power within the Congress and clear power than to the supporters. ACT OF 1975 within the Federal Government. He Dr. Leonard Reiffel, in his column ap­ knows that the infiuence of any one Con­ pearing in the Ashland (Ohio) Times- · gressman is limited. His interests take Gazette, has criticized the lack of fair­ HON. LEE H. HAMILTON him beyond the legislative process to all ness. Reiffel writes: OF INDIANA agencies of policymaking. This imbalance in treatment on this most IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The techniques of the lobbyist today are, first, to provide information. Sec­ critical issue is very dangerous. Since the Tuesday, March 4, 1975 man in the street is hardly a nuclear expert, ond, to encourage effective letter writ­ nor for that matter a.re most congressmen, Mr. HAMILTON. Mr. Speaker, I have ing campaigns. Third, to testify in the the influence of this imbalanced attention joined my colleagues Mr. RAILSBACK and committees, and fourth to sponsor visits can be enormous. The results of the mistakes Mr. KASTENMEIER in introducing the Pub­ in judgment which could thus be fostered with the Congi·essmen in Washington will be felt for decades. lic Disclosure of Lobbying Act of 1975. and in his congressional district. This bill is a part of the package of re­ Many beneficial pieces of legislation It would be extremely unfortunate if forms in laws and congressional proce­ have been enacted in part because of such imbalanced treatment leads the dures which are needed to restore the the pressures applied to Congress by lob­ United States to pull back unnecessarily American people's confidence in Govern­ bying groups. Lobbyists have contributed from the development and utilization of ment. to the enactment of laws to protect our nuclear power. The future well-being of THE NATURE OF LOBBYING environment, insure safety standards in onr economy could be the price we pay. A central feature of Democratic gov­ industry, regulate campaign spending, Following is the test of the article from ernment is that it should be accessible to and protect workers' pensions, among the February 12 edition of the Ashland the people. The purpose of lobbying is others. Times-Gazette: that they should reach it with maximum Nonetheless, the absence of effective WANTS FAIRNESS IN NUCLEAR ISSUE impact and possibility of success. legislation has permitted lobbyists to ac­ (By Dr. Leonard Reiffel) Former Congressman Emanuel Cel­ quire too much power, and to operate As a part-time inhabitant of the world ler, Democrat of New York, said: in relative secrecy, shielded from the of mass media, I'm often puzzled at the way Lobbying is the total of all communicated scrutiny of the American public. our communications system handles certain influences upon a legislator. Large and powe1iul lobbying groups issues. I suppose I really wouldn't be. The difference between good and bad can influence the Congress to pass legis­ Someone said long ago that bad news lobbying is not whether the objectives of lation which meets the needs of only a travels fast, but I am nevertheless distressed persuasion are selfish or altruistic, liberal at the amount of attention a single expert, or conservative, pro-labor or pro-business, small group, sometimes to the detriment whether real or self-proclaimed, can get by but solely and simply whether the message of the general public. declaring himself "against" some program conveyed is intelligible, accurate, and infor­ Lobbyists have treated Members of or institution. On the other hand, similar mative or cryptic, deceptive and obscure. Congress and their statfs to anything experts, perhaps equally or even more emi- Although the general public tends to from free meals to trips and expensive 5206 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 4, 1975 gifts. While small gifts may arouse no will improve the public's confidence. We me as being absent for the vote on the suspicion, that is certainly not the case have enacted a new campaign spending rule for H.R. 2166, the Tax Reduction with the more extravagant gifts. Wheth­ law and a budget reform act to restore Act of 1975. I cannot understand the mis­ er or not this is the case, the public may control of the budget to Congress. The take. As the RECORD clearly shows, I was suspect that their elected representative recent rules changes in the House have present and did vote on the previous has allowed his vote to be bought. done away with the seniority system and motion which occurred immediately Grassroots lobbying groups often use opened up almost all committee and con­ prior to the vote on the rule. I remained the technique of stirring up avalanches ference committee sessions. The reforms on the 1loor and was present for the of mail from constituents on various is­ cannot be complete without a strong vote on the rule. Unfortunately, and due sues. In the absence of disclosure laws, lobbying control law. possibly to some malfunction in the vot­ a Member of Congress does not know THE PUBLIC DISCLOSURE OF LOBBYING ACT OF ing system, my vote was not recorded. whether letters he receives are spontane­ 1975 At this time I wish to state for the rec­ ous expressions of constituents• views, I believe that the bill I have intro­ ord that I voted in favor of the rule for or the work of an unseen pressure group. duced today is such a bill. It would: the consideration of H.R. 2166, the Tax EXISTING LEGISLATION IS INADEQUATE First. Strengthen the definition of Reduction Act of 1975. The 1946 Federal Regulation of Lobby­ lobbyist to include anyone who receives ing Act, which is still in effect, is out­ or spends $250 or more for lobbying dur­ dated, unenforced, and ambiguous. It is ing any quarter, or $500 or more during MY RESPONSIBILITY AS A CITIZEN a sham, and should be replaced. a total of 4 consecutive quarterly filing In the 29-year history of the act, the periods. HON. MAX S. BAUCUS Justice Department has brought charges Second. Require lobbyists to register, OF MONTANA only four times, and only one of these stating on whose behalf they are working, prosecutions resulted in conviction. on what financial terms, what aspect of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Large loopholes in the law allow many the policymaking process they wish to Tuesday, March 4, 1975 interests to avoid registering. The law influence, and with whom contact is to be Mr. BAUCUS. Mr. Speaker, each year requires registration only by person paid made. the Veterans of Foreign Wars and its to lobby for someone else. They must Third. Require a lobbyist working for ladies auxiliary conducts a Voice of report how much money they receive and a voluntary membership organization to Democracy contest in which high school from whom. state the number of members in that students from around the Nation com­ Groups or individuals who spend organization and the methods by which pete for scholarships. money out of their own funds to in­ the members' decision to engage in lobby­ This year the Montana winner is a fluence legislation are not covered un­ ing is made. talented 17-year old junior who attends less they also collect or solicit money Fourth. Require lol>byists to report the Hamilton High School, Michael Bugni. for that purpose. amount and source of their income and The Voice of Democracy Award is only Only those organizations whose self­ expenditures on lobbying and related ac­ the latest in a series of prize-winning defined "principal purpose" is lobbying tivities---travel, research, mailings. Lob­ speeches Mike has delivered. must register as lobbyists. Many orga­ byists would have to file quarterly re­ I was so impressed by his speech that nizations with extensive lobbying opera­ ports identifying each Federal officer or I decided to share it with my colleagues. tions have thus been exempt because employee whom they contacted, for I submit it for the RECORD: they had other functions besides lobby- whom the reporting lobbyist worked, and MY RESPONSIBILITY AS A CrrIZEN ing. · what decisions in the policymaking proc­ (By Michael Bugni) ess the lobbyist sought to influence. Lobbying efforts are not covered un­ I remember a story, about a king, and this less a lobbyist contacts a Member of Fifth. Require Executive Branch em­ particular king happened to be the third Congress directly. Lobbyists who gen­ ployees in grades GS-15 and above to re­ one in less than a year. To be quite frank, erate grassroots pressure on Congress port all contacts with lobbyists; he was terrified of losing his position. In fact, are not covered. Sixth. Require the Federal Elections he was so overcome with the fear of de­ Some lobbying organizations claim Commission, which was created by the thronement that he called for a meeting of recent campaign reform legislation, to all the people in his kingdom, and upon this that their contracts with Congress are forgathering, the king proclaimed that designed to inform, not influence, and enforce the act and receive all reports. everyone within his domain was completely do not constitute lobbying. Seventh. Grant the Commission civil . and totally free to do as he or she desired. The law leaves it up to each group or proceeding and subpena powers; There were to be no laws, no taxes and no lobbyist to determine for himself what Eighth. Require the Commission to de­ responsibility to the government. At first, portion of his total expenditures need velop appropriate forms for fl.ling re­ the people were overjoyed. For months they ports; make the reports available for lived in peace and the kingdom prospered. be reported as spending on lobbying. But soon they discovered a. need for better Two very similarly constituted organiza­ public inspection; compile and sum­ In­ roads, more public buildings, a uniform code tions may report vastly different per­ marize information received; make of laws and regulated enforcement for oc­ centages of their budget as lobbying ex­ vestigations to ascertain compliance with casional disputes. The kingdom was unable penditures, depending on their individual the law; have each report by a lobbyist to function without rule and without dis­ published in the Federal Register; and cipline. The people went to the king and de­ interpretation of the law. Some orga­ make recommendations for further legis­ manded action, but he refused them, for nizations which are merely more honest lation to the Congress. fear he might offend someone. So the peo­ than others have unjustly received a ple formed their own government. They reputation as big spenders. Penalties for failure to comply with the elected representatives, they passed and en­ The present law applies only to at­ law would be up to 2 years' imprison.. forced laws, and they taxed the people. tempts to influence Congress, not ad­ ment, or a $5,000 fine, or both. Once again, the kingdom prospered, but the ministrative agencies or the executive I am hopeful that the Congress will poor king found himself alone, broke and act expeditiously in passing this impor.. totally powerless. If the citizens of a nation branch, where much legislation is gen­ tant piece of legislation. are to be given freedom and rights, they erated. must also be given responsibilities to their Enforcement provisions are weak. The government or that nation will never succeed. Clerk of the House and the secretary of CORRECTION OF VOTE ON RULE I -am a citizen of the United States of the Senate receive registrations and re­ FOR CONSIDERATION OF H.R. America. I have responsibilities to my gov­ ports but cannot investigate reports or ernment and unless I fulfill these obliga­ 2166, THE TAX REDUCTION ACT tions, my country will fall. We tend to take compel anyone to regist.er. The Justice OF 1975 advantage of our rights and we neglect our Department can prosecute violators but duties. We forget how lucky we are to live in has no mandate to investigate reports. a country that provides so many freedoms In the 1970's Americans have become HON. WILLIAM LEHMAN for us to enjoy. We interpret our privileges much more aware of the need for an to be our rights, we demand from the gov­ open, honest, and responsive govern­ OF FLORIDA ernment, yet we return nothing. To be an ment. They will not tolerate a govern­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES American citizen and to have rights, ls to Tuesday, March 4, 1975 have responsibility. To me, that's a small ment which lies to them or conducts its price to pay for freedom. business In secret. In recent months, the Mr. LEHMAN. Mr. Speaker, the CON­ As a citizen of the United States, it ls my Congress has passed laws which I hope GRESSIONAL RECORD of February 27 lists responsibility to obey every law put forth by March 4, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF. REMARKS 5207 our governmental systems. These laws may His effort was to prevent lists of births BOB PATTON NAMED MAN OF YEAR BY FRIENDLY seem unfair at times, but we must realize from appearing in the newspapers, and fur­ SONS roa SERVICES that they originated from bodies elected by ther in this regard he told clerks, that while (By Charles A. McCarthy) the people. We have the freedom to protest reporters and editors might see the records of Highlights of the 3oth annual dinner of the and the ability to change, therefore, we must all vital statistics it must be with the restric­ the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick of Greater comply with those regulations established tion against their publishing the names of Wilkes-Barre Saturday, March 15, in Gus by the majority. births. Genetti's Hotel, will be the presentation of It seems to me, that apathy is our number This assumed an authority not known to the society's most prestigious award, Man of one enemy in fighting national crises. If we this editor: that any official could restrain the Year, to Robert "Bob" Patton, one of can't concern ourselves with our own prob­ an editor from publishing what was common "Five Points" (East End) most notable sons lems, nobody else will. In a country filled knowledge in day by day reports from doctors or hospitals, and which appeared on records and an illustrious member of the Fourth with shortages, hunger and crime, it appears Estate. that no one cares enough to save, share or that are public. With the clerk of courts of this county so Dean of sports editors in Northeastern cooperate, even a little. It is our responsibil­ Pennsylvania, Patton will round out 40 yea.rs ity to stop being so wasteful, to help our admonished, The News has not had a monthly list of births published along with other vital of service with the Wilkes-Barre dailies in fellow man and to comply with the requests August of this year. of our government. We constantly complain statistics reports monthly, not wishing to Coming in from Washington to pay trib­ of poor leadership, -little justice and political have a contention over this rather mild sup­ pression of report. After all, births are avail­ ute to Patton will be Columnist Jack Ander­ corruption, yet only 38% of those eligible to son, who has been writing material for this vote turned up at the polls last November. able week by week and a monthly compila­ tion would be possible from them. paper many yea.rs. Also being honored on the The American vote is not only a right, but program will be John McKeown, another East an obligation to our country and if we are to In the transfer of the keeping of birth records to the register of deeds it appears Ender who served the society as president the sustain a government of the people, by the la.st year. Gus Genetti, hotel manager, feels people and for the people, we must elect our such a suppression is not asked, and the January Vital Statistics report included the program will attract one of the biggest officials with all the people. It will soon be turnouts in the hotel's history. my responsibility, as it should be for every births. Selection committee of the Friendly Sons legal-aged citizen, to vote in each- election Legislators apparently can disregard laws on the books, in proposing bills with re­ of St. Pa.trick which tapped Patton for this with serious thought and concern. distinguished honor was composed of Aloy­ We are a nation and thanks to our gov­ straints in them. One offered last week would restrain County Auditors from including re­ sius Teufel, chairman, and City Manager ernment, we can live in unity with freedom. Bernard Gallagher, Mayor William Connolly To be united ts to live with our neighbors ports of the warrants drawn on the county in welfare payments in making the official pub­ of Harveys Lake, and Thomas V. McLaughlin, and it is my responsibility as a citizen to a prominent civic leader and Wilkes-Barre show civility and respect for people, taking lications required for meetings of the County Boards. This is proposed though the laws re­ businessman, all past presidents of the so­ care not to infringe upon· their rights as I ciety. employ mine. I must acknowledge the right quire that all expenditures of public funds be recorded in the minutes of whatever board For a score of years, Patton has been active of others to express their opinions and ideas, in all f'acets of the society's activities having and most of all, I must work to do my part may make them. The County Auditor, as an elected official, is responsible for recording served as president in 1968 and in prior as­ in obtaining and accomplishing the goals of signments filled the office of vice president, this nation. the minutes and publishing them in the offi­ cial newspapers. committee chairman and advisor to most of The people of the kingdom had no re­ the group's presidents. He assisted with the sponsibility to their government, but we do, Peculiarly, the proposed suppression of such payments comes at a time when there organization's public relations programs since and it is up to us to fulfill these respon­ he first joined the association and for the sibilities if we ever hope to see this nation is public and official concern over the large expenditures in various forms of welfare, be­ past several years has served as editor of last. As the citizens of this democracy, we "Erin Sun," the society's annual eight-page are the rulers and the ruled, the law-giving fore the wells run dry. Thus there is need for officials, the people in general and even any program. and the law abiding, the beginning and the Son of the late Mr. and Mrs. Robert Patton end. The responsibilities of an American receiving welfare in any form, to know the expenditures and strive to correct any abuses of Kidder St., Wilkes-Barre, Patton gradu­ citizen may seem expensive, but the freedom ated from Coughlin High School in June, of democracy is priceless. that exist. However, basic to our form of government 1935, and matriculated at Bucknell Junior is the requirement that the public-the College. EFFORTS TO RESTRICT PUBLIC people-be kept informed of official acts re­ During his high school days at Coughlin, garding public funds. Patton worked as an assistant to the Record INFORMATION DISREGARD RE­ sports editor covering a variety of high school SPONSIBILITIES OF ELECTED athletic activities. During his college days OFFICIALS he served as sports editor of "Beacon," the college newspaper. MAN OF THE YEAR Always a general sports enthusiast Patton HON. LARRY PRESSLER played baseball and basketball in his younger OF SOUTH CAROLINA days, but his specialty for more than three HON. DANIEL J. FLOOD decades has been golf, and like many present IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES day llnksmen, he usually travels the fair­ OF PENNSYLVANIA Tuesday, March 4, 1975 ways on board a motorized golf cart. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Over 40 years ago, Patton aided in the Mr. PRESSLER. Mr. Speaker, I would Tuesday, March 4, 1975 organization of the YMCA Rogers Memorial like to insert the following editorial into Basketball Tournament, which remains as the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. This editorial Mr. FLOOD. Mr. Speaker, on Satur­ one of the major amateur sports attractions was written by Mr. Aubrey Sherwood, day, March 15, the Friendly Sons of St. in Northeastern Pennsylvania. He initiated editor of the De Smet News published in Patriek of Greater Wilkes-Barre will the High School Baseball Tournament at Ar­ hold its 30th annual dinner and I will be tillery Park, in 1946, and its still going strong. De Smet, S. Dak. This South Dakota Patton served as a director of· Hollenback weekly newspaper serves 2,000 people in present on that occasion. One of the Golf Club for more than a quarter of a cen­ Brooking, Beadle, Miner, Hamlin, Clark, highlights for this year's dinner will be tury during which time he organized and and Kingsbury counties. the presentation of the society's Man of promoted the Dan Donnelly Golf Tournament This editorial illustrates ihe desire of the Year award to Mr. Bob Patton, dean t here. This golf tournament ls currently re­ the American people to know the details of sports editors in northeastern Pennsyl­ garded as the largest attended one-day event of governmental expenditw·es and gov­ vania. I congratulate the society on its of its kind in Luzerne County. When the ernmental meetings. Government must excellent choice and I also congratulate board of directors at Hollenback was phased Bob Patton, whom I have known for out, Patton was then named to the advisory be open at all levels to public scrutiny. board of Wilkes-Barre General Municipal The editorial follows: many years, for his outstanding career Authority. EFFORTS To RESTRICT PUBLIC INFORMATION and contributions to our area of Pennsyl­ Bob Patton played a prominent role in DISREGARD RESPONSIBILITIES OF ELECTED OF­ vania. I would like to make as part of promotions which aided the welfare of the FICIALS my remarks the column on Bob Patton boys at St. Michael's School in Hoban Act ions of officials in their duties, even pro­ that was written by Mr. Charles A. Mc­ Height s. He was vice chairman of Wyoming posed laws at times confiict with practices Carthy, an historian from Pittston, Pa., Valley March of Dimes committee several long established and laws on the statutes. which appeared in the Wilkes-Barre years and was sponsor of the basketball and A state official in recent years instructed Times Leader and Record on February bowling at tractions which raised large sums clerks of courts they should not release to the of money for this humanitarian endeavor. press a monthly list of births, this though 27, 1975. He also aided Tom Flynn and Bob Eckenrode they could continue to provide lists of deaths, Mr. Speaker, under leave to extend my with Knights of Columbus youth work. marriages and divorces-this a-s a conven­ remarks in the RECORD, I include the fol­ When World War n commenced, Patton ience though not as a duty. lowing: was among the thousands of regional young 5208 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 4, 1975 men who answered this nation's call. He reception. Bishop Arthur Krawczak was the parish synod was organized, and parishioners served in the U.S. Navy. chief concelebrant of the Mass of Thanksgiv­ took part up to the Archdiocesan level. Elected in February, 1949, as a. member of ing. Portable classrooms were leased for the the board of directors of Eastern Baseball A dinner-dance, also in celebration of the school until July 8, 1967 when permission League Writers, Patton was also instrumental .centennial, is being planned by the ushers was granted St. Stephen's to add four more in the formation of Northeastern Pennsyl­ on the 2nd Saturday after Easter come classrooms to the existing four of the school. vania Sports Writers Association in 1963 and April 11, 1974 at the K of C Hall on Van Born The groundbreaking was held July 21, 1968, later served several terms as its president. in Wayne, Michigan. and the building completed so all children A charter member of Wilkes-Barre Local, St. Stephen's Parish was located in the could be housed under one roof on Jan. 31, No. 120, American Newspaper Guild, Patton village of New Boston in the northeastern 1969. was unit chairman for a decade and chair­ part of Huron Twp., then on the F. and P.M. man of various guild activities for many Railroad, to serve early settlers of French, years until 1963, when he was elected to the German, Irish and Polish descent. The first AN APPROACH TO THE HOUSING first of six terms as treasurer of Middle At­ Masses were offered by a Fr. Gillie in a pri­ CRISIS lantic District Council, American Newspape! vate home, but by 1874 the families were able Guild. In March, 1968, Patton was the recip­ to accumulate the sum of $700 to build a ient of an award from Middle Atlantic Coun• small brick church. HON. CHARLES B. RANGEL Since there was no resident priest, priests cil at an Atlantic City session, in recognition OF NEW YORK -of his accomplishments and devoted service from Dearborn came to minister to the com­ to his fellow workers of this organization. munity once a month. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES In November, 1964, Patton was guest of In 1884, the first administrator, Fr. B. G. Tuesday, March 4, 1975 honor at a testimonial dinner conducted in Soffers of Monroe took charge, and in 1887 bis honor at King's Inn marking his 25th an­ the parish was placed under the charge of St. Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, those of niversary as sports editor of the Wilkes-Barre Bonaventure's Monastery in Detroit. us who are from the urban communities Record. During the post-prandial program at Succeeding administrators were Fr. John across this Nation are quite cognizant of this dinner Joe Butler, sports editor of the Needham, who left in 1909; Fr. L. H. Soest, the despicable housing conditions that Scranton Times, referred to his long time as­ who remained until 1919, and Fr. C. J. Dillon, many citizens are forced to deal with on sociation and friendship with Patton and the last pastor from Whittaker, Mich., to a daily basis. As a majority in the Na­ sta.ted: "Patton ls a respected and most care for the mission's needs. cooperative colleague working the sports' In September, 1920, Bishop Michael Gal­ tion turn their attention to developing beat." agher appointed the first resident pastor, Fr. the communities surrounding the urban Married to the former Eleanor McFadden of Alphonse Nowogrodski, who remained as centers, those remaining in these ne­ Kingston, the Pattons are parents of two pastor for 27 years. glected areas are forgotten, either by children, William and Virginia. Family home Fr. Nowogrodski directed his immediate choice or design. is located at 15 Second Avenue, Kingston. attention to the building of a larger church In January of this year the Housing Pros, am.ateurs, sandlotters, high school, and a rectory. He purchased the present and Community Development Act of and college sportsmen and sports women and ground which the parish occupies-297 feet thousands upon thousands of plain old sports by 465 feet of frontage at Huron River Dr. 1974 took effect. This law focuses at­ fans throughout Luzerne County, and beyond and Sibley Rd. The rectory was built in 1922. tention and possibly relief on the hous­ its borders too, are avid readers of "Patton's In September, 1923, ground was broken ing problem. Shirley Better, president of Patter." Though provocative at times, all for a new church, much of the work being the Los Angeles Board of Building and readily agree he oovers a wide scope of sports completed by a building bee, with men of Safety Commissioners, recently wrote an happenings in great detail-and gives every­ the parish as participants. The total cost of article in the December issue of the Black body a fair shake. the building was approximately $23,000. Scholar dealing with the housing issue. I'll be in attendance to witness his receiv­ With his own church in use, Fr. Nowogrod­ She provides a very lucid analysis of the ing this well earned and fully justified award ski then turned his attention to nearby as "Man of the Year." Belleville, where an Episcopal church, was urban housing issues and offers some purchased and remodeled and re-named for very plausible suggestions as to how we St. Anthony. That became an independent here in Congress might better deal with ST. STEPHEN'S CHURCH CELE­ parish in 1946. the issue. I ask you to carefully study the BRATES lOOTH ANNIVERSARY Worn-out by his labors, Fr. Nowogrodski article which I insert in the RECORD at died Dec. 14, 1947. An interim pastor, Fr. this point: Peter Wyrzykowski had been named, but he HON. WILLIAM D. FORD had also died of a heart ailment. THE URBAN HOUSING CRISIS: OPPORTUNITY Fr. Edward Miotke succeeded Fr. Nowo­ AND CHALLENGE OF MICHIGAN grodski and was installed in solemn cere­ (By Shirley Better) IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES monies at the parish Dec. 19, 1947. At the Being the first black (and incidentally the Tuesday, March 4, 1975 time there was a sketchy religious education first woman) to sit on the Board of Build· program, and Fr. Miotke arranged to have ing and Safety Commissioners for the City Mr. FORD of Michigan. Mr. Speaker, two Felician Sisters come to the parish each of Los Angeles, I have become acutely aware the members of St. Stephen's Catholic Saturday morning to give catechetical in­ of the complexities of the housing crisis and Church, in my district, recently cele­ struction. the way that municipal codes and federal brated the lOOth anniversary of the Plans for a parish school were drawn up programs have contributed to the deteriora­ founding of their parish. in 1949, and one year later, May 28, 1950, a tion of the physical structure of the inner groundbreaking ceremony was held. During city. There are no easy answers to the hous­ Located in the village of New Boston, the course of the building program, Fr. ing problem. Purported comprehensive ap­ St. Stephen's was organized to serve the Miotke was transferred to a Detroit parish, proaches to revitalizing the black communi­ early Catholic settlers of Polish, Ger­ and Fr. :gnatius Czapski was named the new ties, e.g., Model Cities and Urban Renewal, man, Irish, and French descent. The ear­ pastor. are in reality a perpetuation of racism, and liest masses were offered in a private !"r. Czapski plunged into the building pro­ have only compounded the existing problem. home, but in 1874, the families scraped gram with enthusiasm. The school was due What strikes me as most ironic ls that be­ together $700 to erect a small brick for completion in September, 1951, but was fore I was appointed to the Commission I church. not completed until October, when four didn't know it existed! How many other Fellcian Sisters greeted the first classes of black professionals and inner city dwellers A history of the parish was written by 176 children. are ignorant of the power of municipal gov­ Margaret Adams, and published in the In May, 1959, the parish had lost another ernment in making policy which affects their church bulletin. I would like to share pastor with the death of Fr. Czapski, and basic human need, in this instance, shelter. with my colleagues this well-written his­ Fr. La.dislaus Golas became the fourth resi­ Let us examine this commodity, shelter, as tory of St. stephen's, and include it to dent pastor. During Fr. Golas' pastorate it relates to the black communities across be reprinted in the RECORD: parish erollment began a ra..pid increase, and the country. One postulate must be the basis ST. STEPHEN'S PARISH CELEBRATES 100 YEARS, the four-classroom was no longer adequate for all consideration of housing: inner cities SUNDAY, OCTOBER 20, 1974 to hold the students wishing to attend. have been gradually deteriorating since The problem was presented to the Arch­ blacks began fiocking into the cities (from (By Margaret Ada.ms) diocese and to a new parish school board for 1914-1918). Minority groups historically have St. Stephen's Parish, New Boston, Mich., study. In the meantime, the present pastor, settled throughout the 20th century in the joins the honored ranks of parishes in the Fr. Alexander J. Wytrwal, was appointed the older neighborhoods of the cities, generally Detroit Archdiocese to celebrate a lOoth new pastor, arriving Jan. 18, 1967. The school close· to commercial arid/or industrial areas birthday. problem was set aside temporarily as the where access to unskilled or semi-skilled jobs St. Stephen's parishioners and pastor, Fr. parish had new issues to face-the church, - was easier. Ghettoes were reinforced by re­ Alexander J. Wytrwal, marked the centennial ~pnvent and rectory . were refurni_shed and strictive covenants or brute force, and im­ of founding with a speclal concelebratecl redecorated-with the sanctuary_ of the pacted by the inability of ghetto-dwellers to Mass at 2:00 p.m. in the church Sunday, church modified to allow the priest to say earn enough incom& to move into better Oct. 20. 1974 followed by a buffet dinner and. Mass facing the people. In October, 1967, a neighborhoods. March 4, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS -5209 Even when the black family become some­ tions.: Nothing has essentially changed ex­ to provide housing for families unable to what am.uent, movement was restricted by . cept that probably the figure is somewhat afford standard private housing. racist housing patterns. coupled with the in­ higher now. It ca.n be seen, therefore, that comprehen­ flux of southern immigrants after World Wa.r As 1f aged substandard structures, over­ sive federally-sponsored urban development II a.nd relatively high birthrates, the black crowded living conditions, unsavory housing plans a.re tied to the city's ability to operate communities increased in population with­ projects, and lack o! new low-cost dwellings the Workable Program. Let us then examine out substantial acquisition of land mass t.o were not enough to uniquely identify the in­ what a muni~ipal Workable Program entails. accommodate the increase-hence over­ ner cities, we must add the dismal results Operating under federal guidelines, the crowding. The effects of overcrowding on of total frustration by black Americans with Workable Program aims at preventing slums structural environment of the inner city a.re their living conditions by the incendiary de­ and blighted areas through insuring that manlfest--ina.dequate open space areas for struction o! their squalid prisons. It would every dwelling unit meets reasonable mini­ leisure time, inadequate living quarters, seem in retrospect, that these communities mum standards of repair, stability and safe­ lowering of healthy environment with the were punished for their insolence by the ty. Housing specialists, designated by the increase of susceptibility to disease, and most over-long allowance of the maintenance o! city, conduct a systematic community survey, importantly degradation of the human spirit. burned-out dwellings and brick-laden vacant area by area, visiting each dwelling unit. The Through the Housing Act of 1937, which lots. We stlll observe in the inner cities purpose of the inspection is to discover defi­ provided for adequate shelter for low-income boarded-up buildings and gaping, eerie vac­ ciencies or hazards such as structural dam­ families, we view another component adding ant lots as reminders of the black rebellion age, faulty electrical installation, defective to the deterioration of physical conditions in the 1960's to improve conditions. water heaters and piping, unvented room in the black community. Federal funds were Another factor to be considered when ex­ heaters, inadequately framed additions, de­ used t.o purchase the land and finance the amining the present state of housing in the teriorated exterior surfaces which are not design and construction, and municipal inner cities is the unique condition of uni­ weatherproofed or protected against decay housing authorities were responsible for the versities such as Columbia. University in Har­ by paint or other finishes, and leaking roofs. management and maintenance. These hous­ lem, University of Southern California in Notice is also given to other items on the ing projects were constructed in urban areas Los Angeles, and Temple University in Phil­ properties including fences, abandoned cars where large concentrations of low-income adelphia., all situated in the heart of the and the yards. After completion of the in­ families resided. An apt description of these black community and gobbling up the land spection, where necessary a. written report projects wa.s coined by William Moore, Jr., surrounding them, forcing black residents is given to the owner outlining in detail what "Vertica.l Ghetto." The author elaborated on out. corrections should be made. the condition by stating, "When thousands of The policy of city governments regarding It's a mammoth undertaking. For example, people moved into these buildings, which in ghetto housing bas varied. Historically, it the Conserv~tion Survey for Los Angeles most cases comprised only a. few square has been containment--keep the blacks in a takes fifteen years to sweep the entire city. blocks, the public soon discovered that high proscribed area., and support exploitation by The schedule calls for the Building a.nd Safe­ rise housing projects developed characteris­ absentee landlords through laws that reward ty Department to inspect a minimum of tics distinctly different from those of other rather than punish those who maintained 40,000 dwelling units per year during the types of housing. These projects evolved into · substandard housing. first ten years and a minimum of 120,000 per multistoried reservations with all the ethnic In recent years cities have had to make year during the final five years of the insularity and symptoms of an inner-city greater efforts to improve housing, mainly program. ghetto." 1 The very nature of housing projects because the black population was engulfing A perfunctory evaluation of a city's Work­ has led to their ill repute and the growing the urban areas and was increasingly able to able Program would be immediately em­ awareness that confining low-income famllies use its newly acquired voting power to elect braced by blacks who would see this as the into a proscribed area. over which they have city officials. The nation and specifically the answer to revitalization of their community little control and commitment will not solve cities have used variations of two solutions without having to level slum areas and build the low-income problem. to cope with urban blight--rehabilitation of anew with the accompanying social problems On the other hand, the substandard condi­ existing buildings and demolition of struc­ that process entails. Cities have the legal arm tion of privately-owned rental housing has tures. Either can be done by the manipula­ through their municipal building codes to been so notorious that various jurisdictions tion of building codes. The second solution, cite and prosecute anyone who is in viola­ over many years have ma.de a variety of un­ slum clearance, has proven not only too ex­ tion of such codes--codes which establish successful attempts to curb their excesses. pensive, but, paradoxically, impossible to ob­ minimum standards of health and safety in Ironically, cities are subsidizing poor housing tain. For, as one area is cleared, blight ac­ dwelling units. The average citizen ls gen­ at the same time they are attempting to up­ celerates in the adjoining neighborhoods due erally unaware of the far-reaching power of a root it. By assessing improved property more to overcrowding and the·ever-constant factor city's Building and Safety Department. In on the worth o! the structures than on the that all neighborhoods are growing older and some cities as much as 50% of the municipal value of the lands themselves, they penalize therefore demolition can never keep ahead code enforcement 1s under the direct admin­ those who maintain their housing units of age. Most blacks have come to the conclu­ istration of such a depa.rtment--from award­ while rewarding those who let them run sion long ago that there must be another ing demolition contracts on vacant and van­ down and further subdivide them into slum way to cope with this metropolitan malig­ dalized buildings to approving architectural tenements. Since the urban areas that blacks nancy other than whacking it out after it plans for new high-rise apartment buildings. historically moved to were already older sec­ sets in. In fact, in middle-class communities, most­ tions, we are discussing areas where residen­ The other alternative, rehabilitation of ly privately owned dwellings, such a conser­ tial dwellings are from 30 to 50 yea.rs old. neighborhoods in the black community, is vation program does work because the owners Since 1954 construction of new low cost the area that suggests closer scrutiny as it already ha:ve an incentive to maintain their housing has been far short of the needs in relates to municipal codes and federal pro­ property. Unfortunately, in lower-income grams. Quality housing vs. low-cost housing neighborhoods, which a.re the larger portion the inner cities. Due to the present paradox has been the dilemma in municipalities. In of recession and inflation, the Building In­ of the black community, there are fewer 1954, the Federal government through the privately-owned homes which a.re amenable dustry is facing huge lay-offs and the con­ Department of Housing a.nd Urban Devel­ to cosmetic repair. · struction of new homes has come to a virtual opment (HUD), enacted laws requiring that Sitting on the Commission, I have gained standstill. The President of the National every major city initiate a. program to much insight into this dilemma. In older Building Industry Association estimates that arrest housing blight and deterioration-The communities, updating o! building codes and nearly 60 % of the potential home owners at Workable Program for Community Im­ rigid enforcement o! ..existing codes can have this time cannot afford to buy a new home provement. A Workable Program, although almost the same effect as leveling a neigh­ because of the tight money market. Con­ it carries no direct federal aid in itself is a borhood. The cost to the owner of a tene­ versely, blue collar workers with more modest prerequisite for federal funding in th~ fol­ ment, for example, to bring the dwelling up means have found that the high cost of ma­ lowing categories: (1) Loans and grants for to code requirements can seem so costly that terial and land plus stiff building require­ clearing, redeveloping and rehabllitating he wlll decide that it isn't worth it and have ments have put purchase of a private home slums and blighted areas, (2) Grants for the building vacated; later either he or the concentrated housing code enforcement pro­ city will demolish it as substandard. On the completely outside of their reach if they are grams and projects for the demolition of not subsidized by a government agency. So other hand, the owner can make the neces­ unsafe delapidated buildings, (3) Section sary repairs; however, the cost o! building what the black inner city dweller has to 220 Federal Housing Administration mort­ materials and labor have skyrocketed. Even select is varying degrees of aged structures. gage insurance for housing construction or the well-meaning absentee landlord may find Aged housing is not the problem alone-­ improvement in urban renewal areas, ( 4) that he has to increase the rent to cover the it is substandard, deteriorating housing cou­ Section 221 d-3 FHA mortgage insurance to cost. pled with this which is the crux of the di­ provide rental housing for families of low In any case, the axiom in America seems to lemma.. The 1970 U.S. Census Report cited and moderate income and those displaced by be to pass the cost on to the consumer. The that more than 30 % of all blacks living in governmental action, (5) Loans and grants effect of such improvements on the low­ central cities reside in substandard, deterior­ income renter is to force him to either shell ati ng units and units with serious viola- out more o! his meager income for rent in a : U.S. Bureau of the Census, Census of now minimally safe apartment or move to 1 Housing: 1970 Metropolitan Housing Charac­ another dwelling with lower rent but in sub­ William Moore, Jr., The Vertical Ghetto, teristics, U.S. Government Printing Office, Random House, New York, 1969. standard or deteriorating condition. What Washington, D.C. 1972. happened too often in the black community 5210 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 4, 1975 ls that the absentee landlord has failed to tors to conduct a conservation survey with First, the bill provides that satisfactory maintain property on any on-going basis, essentially the same long range resultS­ assurances prior to submission or application trying to get as much money as he could out eventual demise of the community. · for the funds the jurisdiction has provided of 1t. Further, the present tax system makes In summary, we can come to the conclu­ citizens with adequate information, held it more profitable to use the declining build­ sion that present comprehensive urban de­ public hearings to obtain the cittzen•s views, ing as a tax shelter rather than spend money velopment plans haven't done much to arrest and provided an adequate opportunity for on repair. In other instances, it is of no bene­ deterioration and preserve the essence o1 citizens to participate in the development of fit t o the owner to upgrade the building as community for poor urban blacks. the application. Black citizens must there­ the rent for the low-income dweller ls sup­ One might say that all is not lost since fore insure this takes place by watch-dogging plemented by a governmental agency with President Ford recently signed new legisla­ all deliberations and if necessary seeing that rigid control on rent hikes. Consequently, tion, The Housing and Community Develop­ Washington holds up the funds if the plan ­ poor blacks are caught in the squeeze of what ment Act of 1974, which takes effect next ning does not project the best interests of would appear to be a well-structured pro­ January and focuses on the housing prob­ the black community. Most municipalities gram to maintain the urban areas. lem. Previous HUD categorical programs such a.re now establishing citizen committees-be Let me hasten to add, however, that the as Urban Renewal, Model Cities, Open Space sure that persons accountable to the black Workable Program can be seen as a preven­ Land, Basic Water and Sewer Facilities and community have membership on this com­ tive measure to arrest the spread of blight if Neighborhood Facilities loans will be con­ mittee. operated in the periphery of the poorest solidated under a single bloc grant concept Second, more emphasis must be placed on communities. If used inside the same com­ requiring no local matching funds and giv­ rehabllltation of existing housing rather munities it could lead to a massive demoli­ ing local officials greater flexibility in the ·use than concentration entirely on new housing. tion program. For example, the Building and of funds for the same basic purposes. The Black residents must insist that in areas on Safety Department of Los Angeles estimates stated objective of the program ls the devel­ the periphery of the poorest communities that there are 24,000 hazardous old buildings opment of viable urban communities by pro­ have a conservation survey to arrest the in the city; thfs represents 35,000 businesses viding decent housing and a suitable living blight in existing housing and upgrade the and 50,000 families. It ls estimated that at environment and expanding economic oppor­ living standards there. This will also encour­ the least 50% of substandard housing ls ten­ tunities, principally for persons of low and age the channeling of contract money to ant-rented. The Department estimates that moderate income. Most of the funds will be smaller minority contractors. 8.5 billion dollars would be required just to allocated on a formula based on population, Third, in the poorest communities where bring these buildings up to standards to meet housing, over-crowding and poverty (count­ reha.bllltation of housing ls still possible a earthquake requirements. Remember, Los ed twice) • for cities over 50,000 population re-examination of city building codes is in­ Angeles, by historical standards, would be and urban counties. dicated. Presently, many municipal bullding considered a newer city. It is easy to see then Jurisdictions are eligible for their share codes require specific bulldlng materials to the economic and social problem adherent in of the funds as long as they meet certain be used when cheaper more accessible mate­ strict compliance with building codes. basic requirements. These are: submitting a rials a.re just as ad.equate. Such arbitrary re­ There's the other side of the coin, the use three-year community development plan quirements needlessly lnftate prices. This of strict enforcement of building codes, not identifying the city's needs and outlining situation creates two handicaps: it increases to upgrade or arrest the spread of blight, strategy for meeting them; submitting a plan the dlfilculty for small minority contractors but to force people out! Let's examine the that determines the housing needs of low­ to obtain materials from uncooperative sell­ implications of this as it relates to black income residents and specifies annual goals ers, and it deters even well-meaning land­ communities. Across the nation, in large for meeting these needs; making assurances lords from upgrading their property on an metropolitan areas, we are observing that the of compliance with civil rights laws and of on-going basis. inner cities, the sections closest to the down­ ad.equate citizen participation and ma.king Fourth, black residents should insist that town commercial districts, are becoming annual reports on what has been accom­ local governments set aside funds to create increasingly non-white and poor. Cities are plished. programs to train and counsel residents of aware that it would be inconvenient as well The new bill offers provisions which will government-owned or subsidized housing to as too costly to abandon the centrally located provide important meaning to the black com­ take more responsibility for maintenance area. The city has nowhere to go, especially munity: Section 235 program providing mort­ and management of their buildings. To en­ in Northeastern areas of the United States: gage interest subsidies to home buyers and courage their involvement a tenant council the avallabllity of new land is almost nil. section 236 program for subsidies to renters should be organized for each project with Poor minorities are positioned on what the have been maintained. Section 8 authorizes stipends given to the elected members to cities view as valuable land-land which the HUD to pay the difference between what a attend monthly meetings. To insure that poor are unable to support as their llmited low-income family can pay for rent and the their involvement in decision-making isn't a income does not provide the needed tax base actual fair market rental rate in the family's facade, local governments should appoint at to.support city operation. area. This program will cover thousands of least two public housing residents to the It ls common knowledge that many cities low-income families who will not have to pay city's commission on public housing. are nearly bankrupt because middle-class more than 15 or 25 percent of their income It was discovered that the Federal ·Hous­ white residents who can provide the needed on rent. Further. the bill makes funds avail­ ing Administration (FHA) was the biggest ta.x base have fted to the suburbs. What ts able to assist jurisdictions establish on-going slum landlord in Los Angeles; rm sure this the solution for city officials? Find a method comprehensive planning processes. This pro­ condition ex.ists in other cities. Municipali­ to lure the middle class back to the city. vision can be vital to the black community, ties have not pressured FHA to maintain First, however. the land must be reclatmed­ for if used appropriately, tt can effectively their properties as much as they should. btg tracts of land for sale to developers. stop the crisis-oriented action of the past-­ Fifth, black residents, when discovering that Some city officials have done just this by leveling blighted areas after they have a run-down building is owned by FHA, must underhanded use of rigid enforcement of reached the point of no return. Long-range insist that the city apply the same building building codes. Allegedly, Chicago, along planning could occur which allows for re­ code enforcement as it would with private with other cities, conducted surveys of large habilitation and low-cost housing construc­ owner. Residents must pressure the city by blocks of desirable land south of the "Loop". tion on a contl;nuous basis to prevent blight filing housing violation forms for FHA hous­ owners were told to bring the buildings up from becoming a permanent feature. ing as well as privately-owned housing. to all code requirements or evacuate. Report­ The primary focus of the Housing and Deteriorated, boarded-up buildings slated edly, some owners set fire to the buildings to Community Act of 1974-the transferring for demolltion have been allowed to remain reclaim some profit, as it was completely un­ of decision-ma.king and responslblllty for standing too long. This often has the effect reallstic to meet the rigid demands of the results back to the local level--can have the of dampening the desire of neighbors to keep city. With this, fire and liability insurance most profound meaning for the black com­ up their property. Many local governments rates went up or insurance policies were can­ munity. In many urban areas, blacks are a award demolition contracts on an individual celled altogether. These increased costs, of sizeable voting block which forces local om­ basis with the inherent time lag between the course, effectively kllled off the possibility of clals to be more sensitive w our wishes! With identification of the property and the act of small developers handling the renovation. this new bill, we can effectively pressure city demolition. This process needs to be stream­ In some instances, other city departments officials to act in our best interests. Finally, lined. It could be possible by cities awarding assisted in the demise of an area by refusing there can be subordination of the land-use demolltion contracts on an annual basis. to sweep the streets, falling to collect the cycle, and of contractual developers to local Finally, then black residents, through their garbage on a regularly scheduled basis, and initiative control. There is the opportunity city councilman and community groups, withdrawing ad.equate police protection. You through this bill to improve housing con­ should insist that the city building depart­ have then an area which looks like it's been ditions in the black community-there is ment examine this possibility. through the Blltz, thus, allowing the city to also the challenge to black residents to make There is much incentive now by federal make the only logical declslon--clear the this come about. and local officials as well as blacks to save land and award contracts to large developers I have discussed in a tentative manner the the cities. Each has had to realize their to construct high-rise expensive apartments opportunities of this new legislation, for as vested interest in the process because of the close to the downtown commercial area to be with most blacks I view with suspicion new value of the land which cannot be aban­ occupied by the white middle-class. publicized proposals which are meant to help doned and the growing concentration and we have witnessed the same theme with black people. I would like to offer some political astute~ess of minorities in . urban variations occurring throughout the nation. concrete suggestions to black residents to areas. The climate is now more positive than One variation can be the corrupt city coun­ insure that the provisions are used to re­ it has ever been for a mutµally beneficial cilman who resists efforts by housing inspec- vitalize the black community-not destroy it. partnership. March 4, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 5211 RESPONSIBILITY AS A CITIZEN wealth grants us the power to devote a great Vietnam seeking additional information portion of our energies to lifting ourselves about their loved ones have been treated to and our nation to unimaginable heights of brutal silence. HON. MICHAEL T. BLOUIN achievement. Spokesmen for the Vietcong, when asked Oi' IOWA Jonathan Livingston Seagull was excom­ for further details about speclflc prisoners municated, but he learned wonderful fl.ight known to have been alive in captivity at IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES none the less. He swallowed any malice and 8ome point of the war, claim they oo.n give Tuesday, March 4, 1915 returned to his fiock to share with them his no lliformation as long as the Americans discovery, that all might be bettered. SO it continue to abrogate the peace agreements. Mr. BLOUIN. Mr. Speaker, I enter to­ has been with all men history now remem­ Certainly the intelligent citizens of the day an essay, authored by a constituent of bers as great. They discovered where moral free world must reall:z-.e that the United mine, entitled "My Responsibllity as a strength lay and used it as a guide for their States has not reneged on its commitments Citizen." The essay has been chosen as actions. Even if they were alone in an un­ while the Communists have honored only the winning entry from the State of Iowa willing society, they summed up their own those agreements which served a momen­ in the Veterans of Foreign Wars 1975 inner strength to explore the realm of new tary tactical advantage. idea on their own. Our founding fathers were Add the inscrutable Oriental mind to the Voice of Democracy contest. such men as in every man who has lived narrow limits of Communist ideology and The essay's author is David Faldet, an or died for a ca.use he truly believed in. Be­ the American negotiators have faced a hope­ 18-year-old student of Thomas Roberts cause of each such individual, every man be­ less task of trying to implement the peace High School in Decorah, Iowa. He is the comes just a little richer. terms. son of Mr. and Mrs. Melbourne Faldet, of Today, as since man was born, we are con­ Stlll, instead of admittlng the hopelessness Decorah, the former president of his fronted constantly by troubles. Ignorance is of the situation and the lack of success in junior high school class, a member of the natural state of every man; and from tracking down the bodies and the graves-­ it, troubles will always spring. Yet we can or perhaps a few American servicemen still the student council and the drama lift ourselves out of ignorance, we can find incarcerated, the military remains mute. club, and a foreign exchange student to ourselves as creatures of excellence and in­ The Defense establishment has refused Norway in 1974. telligence and skill. I believe in the American to allow families to copy material from files I found David's essay to be a source of principle, for I have confidence in the good of MIA's which Inight be helpful in adjust­ both encouragement and hope, as well within myself and every man. What is my ing to the realization that their hopes are as a timely reminder of the truths we responsibility as an American citizen? It is ephemeral. Yet, there is considerable duplic­ can easily lose track of when we are to locate that good, to become sure of the ity in translating the words of military places it ls found, and like Jonathan Living­ spokesmen compared to their deeds. confronted with so many pressing and ston Seagull, draw from this good like a Perhaps the armed forces leadership hates discouraging problems and crises. The spring of fresh water, letting it guide my ac­ to admit its ineptness in resolving the MIA essay follows: tions towards the benefit of myself and my problem. And Henry Kissinger ls hardly the MY RESPONSIBILITY AS A CITIZE N fellow man. diplomat who would confess that he was (By David S. Faldet) badly outtraded in a major foreign policy negotiation. Among my favorite novels is a book called TREATMENT OF MIA'S SADDEST America is supposed to be an open society. Jonathan Livingston Seagull by Richard CHAPTER YET IN UNREAL WAR Bach. It is the story of a young bird who Many of the new liberal Congressmen would leaves his flock in order to truly learn to SAGA now like to clip the FBI wings and handcuff fly; and in so doing is excommunicated be­ the CIA. They have abolished the Unamer­ cause his friends have no desire to allow HON. OLIN E. TEAGUE ican Activities Committee already. However, their dreary lives to be changed. Yet Jona­ when their "mellowing" Communist idols OF TEXAS prove their almost inhuman callousness over than does not lose faith in himself nor his IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and over and over again, they a.re so eager to friends and assures himself saying, "We can forgive. lift ourselves out of ignorance, we can find Tuesday, March 4, 1915 The President, the Congress, the Judiciary, ourselves as creatures of excellence and in­ the Defense Establishment and the Bureauc­ telligence and skill." I believe that this same Mr. TEAGUE. Mr. Speaker, a recent racy have a heavy debt to those who served faith in one's self and one's fellow man is . editorial in the Oak Cliff Tribune in honorably in that agonrning war. And a debt written into our nation's Constitution, for Dallas, Tex., is a good reminder of the to those still missing. it is such trust that places the responsibili­ sad plight of those men listed as missing The wives and children, mothers and fath­ ty for our government in the hands of every in action. Editorialist Ray Zauber ers, sweethearts and neighbors of those ·who citizen. It is also the kind of confidence in served and disappeared are entitled to a bet­ spirit I would like to share as I ask myself, points ·out the uncertainty that the families of the MIA's live with dally. Mr. ter explanation of what happened to their "What is my responsibility as a citizen?" men. Immediately the question could be posed, Zauber also reminds us of the debt we This is a sad and sorry chapter of Amer­ "Why feel any responsibility to the American owe these men and their families. ican history. system?" All too often this question ls ne­ I hope each and every Member of glected. F·or today, we are part of an Amer­ Congress and the general public will ica more afiluent than ever before; and in carefully ponder the plight of our MIA's. this affluence we take much for granted. In ECONOMICS AND THE doing so we fall prey to blind reactionlsm The editorial follows: ENVffiONMENT and momentary whims in public opinion. TREATMENT OF MIA'S SADDEST CHAPTER YET The actions and energies of people whose IN UNREAL WAR SAGA lives are unexamined are as transient as (By Ray Zauber) HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK OF omo sand in swift water, swept along without One of the greatest national tragedies of cause or true course. A government made recent American history has been the in­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES up of such individuals is little better than ability of the federal government to ascer­ Tuesday, March 4, 1915 no government at all. tain the fate of the 1700 Vietnam com­ In examining my life I believe that I do batants still declared missing in action. Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, for the have a responsibility to the American sys­ When Richard Nixon and Henry Kissinger past several years I have stressed that tem. It ls a system t hat has enough faith in negotiated a "peace with honor" after seven . we must strike a reasonable balance be­ me and my fellow citizens that we are free years of direct American involvement in tween our economic necessities and our to lift ourselves out of turmoil rather than Indochina., one of the conditions was ex­ environmental desires. The harsh reali­ to be lifted. I value freedom and freedom change of information about those who died must arise from one's own power. For if we in enemy territory. ties of recession, inflation, unemploy­ do not have the power to win our freedom, Practically nothing has been accomplished ment and an energy shortage have made we surely could not find the energy or the in the way of assimilating facts on the the need to arrive at a reasonable bal­ motivation to maintain it. As a citizen, I whereabouts of the American MIA's. Several ance all the more imperative. am free to choose whether or not I shall of the men still carried as missing by the Recently the scales have tilted heavily keep this freedom, and keeping it demands War Department were positively known to be to the side of environmentalism. Cleaner responsibility. in Communist captivity. Others were cell­ air and water are certainly worthy goals. As an American citizen, the opportunity mates of prisoners who languished for There must be some relationship, how­ · for lifting one's self to the goals one chooses months and years in t he infamous Hanoi is greater, perhaps, than anywhere else in Hilton prison. ever, between the cost of environmental the world. Granted, the country has its The north Vietnamese adamantly refuse regulations and their benefit. Overzeal­ flaws, but we can meet the changes of time. to answer questions about our men who ous environmentalism could plunge our For the majority of Americans are not hard died in prison or who failed to survive war Nation into economic chaos. pressed to solely meet the needs of daily wounds from ground action · or plane An example of what I am talking about survival. We are able to look past the pres­ ·crashes. is the Environmental Protection Agen­ ent and on to the future. Our national Families of MIA's who have traveled to cy's auto emission standards: Automo- 5212 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS March 4, 1975 bile fuel economy has already decreased outstanding Czechoslovak leaders inter­ insert in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD for 5 to 15 percent as a result of pollution ested in keeping the spirit of that un­ the information of my colleagues a let­ control devices. The American Motors fortunate people alive. ter received from a constituent of mine Corp. estimates that it would cost Dr. Jan Papanek, a member of the last month outlining in some detail the ~n extra $275 per car and an 11-percent council, recently wrote some pertinent dramatic impact of his own family's loss in gasoline mileage to come even remarks on the occasion of the 30th an­ economic situation of the present energy close to meeting 1977 Federal emission niversary of the Yalta Declaration on and economic crisis in which we find standards. Can Olll' Nation afford these Liberated Europe. His statements clearly price hikes during an economic crisis? reflect that the spirit of the Czechoslo­ ourselves. Can we afford to increase fuel consump­ vak people lives on. Let us not let their It seems to me that unless we are con­ tion at a time of energy shortages? cries to free men throughout the world tinually reminded of the real human im­ Another example is the attempt to go unanswered. pact this disastrous situation is creating eliminate lead in gasoline. Unleaded gas­ Mr. Speaker, I commend Dr. Papanek's for millions and millions of Americans, oline means that the United States will statement tO my colleagues~ our constituents. we will fail to have the consume an extra one million barrels of T.HE 30TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE YALTA kind of urgency .I feel necessary to deal oil a day. The extra cost to consumers DECLARATION ON LIBERATED EUROPE adequately and with sufficient speed will be billions of dollars. Is it wise t.o Thirty years ago, th~ three Great Allied with the situation before us. increase our gasoline needs so dram.a.:ti­ Powers-the U.S.S.R., the United Kingdom, Thetextof theletterfollows: and the United States of America-agreed at cally when our supplies are already M&NcuEs~. MAss .. short? Can consumers bear the addition­ Yalta on a Declaration on Liberated Europe. They pledged themselves "to concert during Januay 11,1975. Rep. MICHAEL HARRINGTON, al cost? Are we even certain that lead the temporary period of instability in the from automotive exhaust poses a health liberated Europe the policies of their three Cannon House Office Building, hazard? Governments in assisting the Peoples of Eu­ Washington, D.C. The use of coal also has been seriouslY rope liberated from the domination of Nazi DEAR MR. HARRINGTON: I, like most ol your reduced through restrictions of the Clean Germany, and the people ol the former Axis other constituents, have reached the end of Air Act of 1970. This act and regulations satellite States, to solve by democratic the line on the energy situation and the very based on it have decreased industrial use means their pressing political and economic flagrant and obvious inaction of our elected as well as forced up prices of the one problems." Referring to the principles of the officials to do anything about rectifying a Atlantic Charter, they assured the liberated grossly inequitable pricing policy. The resource that the United States has a peoples of Europe of restoration of their sov­ 200 400 Is crowning blow was President Ford's State to year supply-coal it sensi­ ereign rights and self-government and of of the Union address two days ago. ble for our Nation to do this? their assistance in the formation of "interim The following points are just a fe-w of the The trend toward overzealous environ­ Governmental authorities broadly represent­ thousands I am sure you could get from any mentalism has been criticized. by Irving ative of all democratic elements." Most im­ citizen and I offer them .as my own observa­ Kristol. Henry Luce professor of urban portantly, however, the three Great Allied tions: values at New York University. Mr. Kris­ Powers pledged these authorities and them­ selves "to the earliest establishment pos­ 1. As a recent purchaser of Texaco .stock, to! states: sible through free elections of Governments I received their 9 months' :financial report There 1s now considerable evidence that responsive to the Will of the people." ending 9/30/74. These figures were compared the environmentalist movement has lost its Following a short interim after the libera­ to the corresponding period in 1973. In 1974 15elf-control-or, to put it bluntly, is becom­ tion during which the Central and East their production figures were practically the ing an exercise in ideological fanaticism . • • European peoples struggled for the imple­ same while their sales and earnings doubled. In just a.bout every aspect of American life, mentation of the principles of the Yalta Is this gouging or not? the environmentalists are imposing their reg­ Declaration, the Soviet Union and the local ulations with all the indiscriminate en­ 2. At the present time regular gas can be Communist parties associated with it de­ purchased locally for .479 per gallon while thusiasm of Carrie Nation swinging a base­ prived them of their rights and freed.oms and ball bat in a saloon. Common sense seems to home heating fuel, -a far less refined product, subjected them to their own exclusive rule. is currently being sold for .409 per gallon. have gone by the board, as has any. notion Today, 30 years later, none of the Central and that it is the responsibility of regulators and East European countries is governed by a Never before has this margin been so narrow. reformers to estimate the costs and benefits government issued from free elections and 3. Comparing my usage of home heating of their actions • • • Making the world safe responsive to the will of the people. fuel in the period of August-January of for the environment is not the same thing Nevertheless, for the peoples of Central and 1973-1974 to 1974-1975, I find that my family as making the environment safe for our East Europe the principles of the Yalta. has used 14% less fuel -oll whlle paying 15% world. Declaration have remained a goal to which more total for fuel consumed. At the height It is time for everyone to pay more at­ they have never ceased to aspire. Their deeds of the crisis last February the pri