Women’s Voluntary Action: Social Investigations into women’s health and poverty 1900-1940 (1) Alison Penn Faculty of Social Sciences, the Open University
[email protected] 1.Introduction This chapter explores some examples of women’s voluntary action around the issue of poverty and women’s health in the period 1900-1940. These examples are the Fabian Women’s Group, the Women’s Cooperative Guild and the Women’s Health Education Committee. All three involved the gathering of information about the health of women from ‘working-class’ backgrounds and the publication of reports with the intention of influencing the development of social policies. All three studies were in the tradition of social investigation in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Prior to World War 1 social investigations in conditions of the poorer sections of the community – the most famous of which were the poverty studies by Booth and Rowntree – highlighted a number of causes of poverty of which low wages, large family size were most important (Gazeley, 2003:64). Women had been involved and embarked on their own investigations. Beatrice Webb (as Potter) had been an investigator on the Booth survey (ref); Lady Bell provided a qualitative study of working- class Middlesborough (1907); and Anna Martin had studied the women of Rotherhithe (1911). Eleanor Rathbone’s 1907 investigation into dock worker’s domestic conditions (published 1909) had been overseen by a joint research committee including the Fabian Society, National Union of Women Workers, the Liverpool Statistical Society, Women’s Industrial Council, Liverpool branches of Christian Social Union and Victoria Settlement.