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Firefox OS Dével La LE pour couvLE 20/02/13 MAGAZINE 22:04 Page DU 30 DÉVELOPPEMENT 100 % développeur www.programmez.com Mensuel n°161 - mars 2013 La b o îte à o utils du © istockphoto/Jamie Farrant © iStockphoto/Jamie Farrant © iStockphoto/Jamie dével o ppeur Windows, iOS, Android, Open Source, Java, web : le choix des développeurs, les outils, les bons conseils Carrière Devenez développeur de jeux vidéo ! Firefox OS Communauté Java L’autre système pour Les nouveautés de smartphone ! Devoxx France 2013 Printed in EU - Imprimé en UE - BELGIQUE 6,45 SUISSE 12 FS - LUXEMBOURG 6,45 DOM Surf 6,90 Au cœur des outils et des technologies Canada 8,95 $ CAN - TOM 940 XPF - MAROC 50 DH E • Ant • SharePoint 2013 M 04319 - 161 - F: 5,95 • Intel HTML5 Porter Tool, • TFS TeamBuild… • APISpark, Windows 8 MVVM • Heroku, Lua &’:HIKONB=^UZ^Z]:?a@b@g@l@k" 02/83/84-161 20/02/13 08:28 Page 2 03 19/02/13 22:27 Page 3 A buzzword Le smartphone explose Le marché du smartphone demeure l’un des plus actifs ou tout du moins l’un des plus stratégiques pour Apple, BlackBerry (ex-Rim), Google et Microsoft, côté système et les constructeurs. es moindres problèmes deviennent des se remplit), le système souffre de deux pro- drames : iOS 6.1 apporte des soucis blèmes cruciaux : manque de notoriété, trop Ld’autonomie liés à un problème Exchan- peu de modèles de téléphones disponibles. ge, BlackBerry Z10 est bon mais sera-t-il le Microsoft doit absolument élargir l’offre. Et sauveur de BlackBerry ? Nokia pourrait parallèlement, il doit aussi draguer les déve- aussi aller voir du côté d’Android, problèmes loppeurs pour qu’ils développent sur la plate- et bugs avec Windows Phone 7.8 et sur la forme : prouver qu’ils peuvent gagner de Surface Pro, etc. l’argent. Il ne suffit pas d’avoir x applications mais d’avoir un modèle économique réel et > Un marché de plus actif. Les dysfonctionnements de Windows en plus concentré malgré Phone 7.8 doivent être un avertissement la concurrence pour Microsoft : attention à rester vigilant… Quand on regarde les derniers chiffres Gart- BlackBerry 10 est pour BlackBerry (ex-RIM) ner sur les ventes mondiales des téléphones l’opération de la dernière chance. Avec deux portables, le doute n’est pas permis : au 4e modèles, dont le tout tactile Z10 (qui arrive trimestre 2012, Samsung est devenu le un peu au compte-gouttes sur les différents premier vendeur de téléphones (tous marchés), le constructeur attend tout modèles confondus, du plus basique au d’abord une stabilisation avant d’espérer une smartphone) avec 106 millions d’appareils relance de sa part de marché. Si sur cer- contre 85 pour Nokia et un « petit » 43 pour tains pays, BlackBerry a réussi jusqu’à pré- Apple. Si on considère toute l’année 2012, sent à se préserver, aux Etats-Unis, la chute Samsung dépasse Nokia (384 millions a été abyssale. contre 333), Apple arrivant 3e avec 130 L’offre BlackBerry 10 est cependant sédui- millions d’unités. La chute de Nokia est sante : un modèle Z10 de qualité et bien fini impressionnante. Le smartphone étant éditeur ou un développeur qui souhaite se (un modèle avec clavier existe aussi), un sys- encore un marché naissant pour ce faire connaître, vendre une application, le tème performant avec de belles fonctions constructeur. La multiplication des modèles choix est très simple : Android et iOS. (comme le Hub, la gestion perso/pro) appa- par Samsung a fini par payer. Le reste de la concurrence est trop loin raissant comme un mixte entre iOS et Si nous considérons uniquement le smart- derrière. Android sur l’interface. Côté développement, phone, qui prend de plus en plus d’importan- BlackBerry mise sur plusieurs modèles : ce, Gartner pense qu’ils représenteront 1 > BlackBerry 10 et Windows natif / Cascade, HTML5, Adobe Air et Java. milliard d’unités fin 2013 sur un marché glo- Phone 8 : même combat Le côté Java facilitant le portage des applica- bal de 1,9 milliard de téléphones. Et si nous Pour Microsoft, si le lancement de Windows tions Android. Le but de BlackBerry est que regardons uniquement ce critère, la situa- Phone 8 est finalement relativement bon le développeur puisse repackager très rapi- tion change radicalement : Android arrive (intérêt des utilisateurs et un App Store qui dement une application Android pour Black- 1er avec 144 millions d’unités, iOS Berry 10. Aujourd’hui, Android est plus que jamais 2e avec 43M. 2.3.3 est supporté mais l’objectif d’unités et très loin derrière, Black- est de proposer Android 4.x cou- Berry, avec 7,3 millions (sur un an, rant 2013. L’enjeu est crucial pour le constructeur subit une très le constructeur car si le dévelop- sévère chute). A noter que le systè- peur ne développe pas spécifique- me Symbian va disparaître dès ment pour BlackBerry, il faut lui 2013, Bada est insignifiant, et faciliter la tâche. Windows Phone affiche 6,1 mil- lions d’unités. Chiffres pour le 4e Pour 2013, clairement, la bataille trimestre 2012. Microsoft et BlackBerry est de Ces chiffres sont intéressants pour savoir qui sera la 3e plateforme comprendre le marché smartpho- mobile après Android et iOS. Mais ne et donc la logique développeur à eux de convaincre les dévelop- d’aujourd’hui. Soyons clair, pour un peurs et les utilisateurs… # PROgrammez ! < 3 > MARS 2013 04-05-2 edito som161 20/02/13 14:25 Page 4 Donnez votre avis sur ce numéro : www.programmez.com/magazine_ sa numéro 161 - mars 2013 Sources des articles sur www.programmez.com BUZZWORD 12 Le smartphone explose ..................3 ACTUS En bref ..............................................6 RESSOURCES Tout savoir sur Devoxx France 2013 ....................10 10 VEILLE TECHNO Firefox OS : l’autre système pour smartphones........18 Débuter avec Firefox OS ................................................20 OUTILS Nouveautés autour du développement ActionScript avec Flash Builder 4.7 ............................22 Agenda ..............................................................................23 MATERIEL Les nouveautés sociales de SharePoint 2013 ..........24 Une pluie de nouveaux SSD......................................12 DÉVELOPPEUR DU MOIS sommaire Antonio Goncalves : du JUG Paris à Devoxx..............................................16 DOSSIER DOSSIER La boîte à outils du développeur L’outillage d’un développeur iOS – Windows ............31 Boîte à outils Windows : les bonnes pratiques d’un développeur ..................32 Le développement iOS au quotidien : quels outils utiliser ? .................................................. 34 IDE Java : il y a du monde ! ........................................37 Passage en revue de la boîte à outils idéale du développeur Android ....................42 Les outils complémentaires et utiles ........................44 A lire dans le prochain numéro N°162-Avril 2013, à paraître le 30 mars 2013 • Responsive Interface - Responsive Design : • Métier Webmaster : comment et pourquoi créer des interfaces Etre webmaster en 2013 : profils, nouvelles compétences, salaires. capables de s’adapter automatiquement Méthodes agiles : Scrum - Scrummaster numéro aux contextes utilisateurs ? • prochain 04-05-2 edito som161 20/02/13 14:25 Page 5 e_ satisfaction.php WebKit, pourquoi es-tu si méchant ? 48 // mode troll Sans moteur de rendu, le navigateur web serait ©F. Tonic ©F. incapable d’afficher la page internet. Depuis plus d’un an, WebKit est le troll par excellence. Ce mois-ci, le sujet revient une fois de plus en Une avec le passage du navigateur Opera à WebKit, tout en jetant son propre moteur… Rappelons les événements : Opera, navigateur « alternatif », possédait son propre moteur de rendu, Presto. Il avait beau être léger, perfor- mant et efficace, Opera n’a jamais pu s’imposer auprès des utilisateurs. édito Mais aujourd’hui, les performances et les fonctionnalités de ces moteurs sont vitales pour le navigateur et mieux vaut une large commu- nauté d’utilisateurs et de développeurs pour assurer l’évolution du moteur. CARRIÈRE Opera a donc tranché : migrer purement et simplement sur WebKit. Aujourd’hui, ce moteur est la référence aussi bien sur l’ordinateur que sur les terminaux mobiles : Apple, Google, Nokia, Qt, Adobe, Amazon, Devenir développeur Oracle, BlackBerry l’utilisent. A l’origine du projet était KHTML, WebKit étant un fork initié par Apple pour être le cœur de Safari. Le projet fut de jeux vidéo ......................................46 rendu open source en 2005. La popularité de ce moteur n’a jamais Un secteur attrayant mais très concurrentiel cessé de croître. et sous pression ..............................................................47 WebKit déjà omniprésent a cannibalisé un nouvel acteur, et de son plein gré ! Oui, et alors ? Certains ont voulu y voir un nouvel IE6, une mono- De nombreux métiers et des développeurs culture pour le web, des standards mal supportés, etc. Bref, tout sauf au cœur des jeux..............................................................48 WebKit ! Mais Haavard (employé d’Opera) a longuement décrit le pour- Un bon étudiant ou développeur ne fait pas quoi du comment de ce changement : « oui, la monoculture est mauvai- se, mais Opera n’a jamais été en position de prétendre à la première forcément un bon développeur de jeux vidéo ! ..........51 place… ». Et ce changement est là justement pour accélérer la crois- sance d’Opera et devenir un contributeur important du moteur (projet JE DEBUTE AVEC... open source et collaboratif rappelons-le). Opera soutient les standards ouverts et veut peser sur les fonctionnalités du moteur. Démystifier le développement Il y a un an, Daniel Glazman (co-chairman du groupe de travail CSS du des plug-ins d'Eclipse (Partie 4) ....................................52 W3C) dénonçait en WebKit un nouvel IE6 du web dont les développeurs Déployer une application Java EE ne devraient pas utiliser les préfixes. Microsoft faisait la même mise en dans le Cloud avec Heroku ............................................56 garde, tout en privilégiant ses propres préfixes. Nous avions analysé le problème dans le n°150 de Programmez !. Lua, vous avez dit Lua ? ................................................60 Si WebKit est populaire, est-ce la faute d’Apple ? CAS D’USAGE Non.
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