GLOSSARY
ab)'!isaldepths from 4000 to 6000 m (13,123 coral coring drilling and removing a organism for survival-for example, to 19,685 ft) below sea level core sample from coral for research sharks swim freely and depend purposes only on other organisms for food anemones or sea anemones most species are column-shaped polyps with an coralline resembling coral gamete a cell that fuses with another cell adhesive foot at the bas!: and tentacles during fertilisation; in organisms that crystallineresembling crystal at the 'mouth' end reproduce sexually, one gamete may culvert drain be the ovum or egg and the other the sperm beche-dc-mer sea cucumber, a delicacy cuspate ribbon reefs ribbon reefs that fonn (fresh or dried) in Eastern and a triangular elongated growth glIstropods area class of molluscs, including Southeast Asian cuisines sea snails, whelks, abalone, conches and periwinkles hi-valves molluscs whose bodies are detrital feeders ordetrivores organisms enclosed by two shells-for eJ(ample, that feed off decomposing plants glaciati on ice age characterised by lower oysters and clams and animals temperatures and the advance of glaciers bioluminescence the production of light diatomaceous earths the fossilised remains guano the urine and faceesof birds, cave by a living organism of a type of hard-shdled algae called dwelling bats and seals that is used as a garden fertiliser biomass biological material from living diatoms; they are used for, among or de.::omposing organisms other things, filters,cat litter and pest repellents in gardens hommies an outcrop of rock and coral heathlands areas of low-growing shrubs where the soil is too poor to support the growth bryozoans lace coral families, genera and species all plants and of trees animals are classified according to the humic substances major organic constiruems, ciguatera a fonn of food poisoning caused family they belong to; they are then usually in soils by eating recffish contaminated with subdividedinto genera (plural for 'genus') toxins produa:d by micro-organisms and again into species-for example, the hydrographer someone who charts a body of called dinoflagclletes humpback whale (Mtgaplua l'/o'l.J(uong}iae) water by measuring its depths, tides and is a member of the Balaenopteridae family currents, usually to establish a safe passage cilia tiny hair-like projections on the surfaces for shipping of some organisms (that is, baleen whales, which have baleen plates for filtering food from water, ruther hydroids cnidarian feather-like animals with cnidarian animalsan enormous group than teeth), and it also belongs to the stinging capsules of animals that possess specially genus MegapttTa,and to the species modified cells called nematocysts, Megaptero nM)(mmgliue or stinging cells. This group includes Rotsam is Roating wreckage from a ship or interstiti:llspaces the gaps between matter, sea jellies, anemones, sea whips, itscargo such as the gaps between grains of sand zooamhids, corallimorparians, stinging hydroids, hard corals Foraminiferans are the most common marinc invertebrate animal species without a backbone and soft corals plankton species commensal an organism that benefits from foram sand sand made up of the tiny shells of jetsam is a part of a ship, or its associated living with another organism without single-celled organisms called fornminfcra equipment or cargo that is deliberately harming or benefiting it me-living organism one that is not cast overboard to lighten the load if the coral bommie see Sommie directly dependent on another ship findsitself in distress
236 APPENDIX
K-T Extinction the period when dinosaurs sedges a family offlowering plants that look became extinct about 65 million years like grasses or rushes ago-'K'stands for the Cretuceous sedimenrntion Ihe build-up of silt and sedi Period and 'T'for the Teniary Period ment against a barrier
semi-terrestrialorganisms, such as sand crabs, leeward is the dire(:tiondownwind from that do not live entirely on land the point of reference shoals sandbanks or sand bars
strandlin.. the high wQtermurk on a beach macroaJgae seaweeds where waves deposit flotsam and jetsam
microbC!l single-celled organisms, including substrate mud, rocks or sand at the bottom viruses and bacteria, that cannot be seen of a marine environment without a microscope synaptid referring to tentacles at the end of a sea curumber which it cannot retract into
nematocysts stinging capsules in cnidarian the body cavity animals, such as jellyfish
terrestrial living on land, rather than ooze fine mud on the sea Roor that is full in the sea
of decaying life forms thallivegetative tissue of some organisms such ooze dwellers those organisms that live as algae, fungus and lichens-for example, offthe OCU' on the sea floor seaWCf:d may look as ifit has branches or stems and leaves but marine biologiSlll class operculum little lid or 'trdpdoor' used by the whole organism as a thallus such gastropods as sea snails to close the opening of its shell turfrugae algae that grow in turf-like structures
plankton or planktonic organisms any vertebrate animal species that have a backbone (usually microscopic) animals, plants, or spinal column algae or bacteria that drift in the ocean proboscis usuaUy refers to the nose or snout water column any vertical body of water, from in vertebrate animals, or to a long protrud the sea floor to the surface ing part on an invertebrate watershed a mountain range, ridge or peak that separates water catchment areas rain shadow a dry area on the lee side of a mountain range zooplankton small floating aquatic animals runoffexcess water from rain flows off the land into rivers and, ultimately, zooxanxtllellae microseopic algae that live into the sea in the tissues of cora! polyps
237 BIBL IOGRAPHY
Gerald R. Allen and Roger C. Steene, Indtr Patricia Clare, 1luStTllgglefor the Grtat Barria Great BarrierReef Marine Park Authority, PacificCoral RufGllidt:Tropical RufReuarrh, Reef,C ollins,London, 1971. GBR Outlook Relort2009 GBRMPA, 2009. University of Calif omi a, Berkeley,1994. Harold G. Cogger, Reptilesand Amphibialls Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, Gerald R. AlIen,Roger Swainston and Jill ofAustralia,6th cdn, Reed New Holland, Map of/he GBR Marin� Park Regio.. , 1975. Ruse, Marine Fisius oJTropila!Austra/io l1nd Sydney, 2000. Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, Soulh-Eml Asia, WesternAustralia Mus<:um, LeOllard Cronin, CroniniKry Guide: AIIStralian Map ofthe GBR World Haitagt Atta, 19B1. Perth,1997. Mammals, Allcn & Unwin,Sydney, 200B. Ernie Grant,Guide to Fishes, 11th edn,E. M. Robert C.V. Baker,Robert J. Haworth and Grant,Rcdclitfe North, Queensland,2008- Leonard Cronin,Kry Guide: Australian Reptiles C. Peter Flood,'An Oscillating Holocene alld Amphibians, Envirobook, Sydney, 2001. Brett Hildcr, University Sea-level? Revisiting Rottncst Island, Western 1htVoyage ofTorm, of �eensland Press, Brisbane, 19BO. Australia and the Fairbridge Eustatic Hypoth W.J.Dakin, 1he Great Barrier &ef, National esis',journa/ofCOl1JIO/ RtuQrrh, vol. 42, 2004, Publicity Association, Melbourne, 1950. Ove Hocgh-Guldberg, 'Epilogue', in Pat pp.3-14. Hutchings,Mike Kingsford and Ove Hocgh W.J. Dakin, 1lu Great Barr/a Ruland Some Guldberg (cds), TheGttat Barria Ruf Biol(}gy, Isabel BenneTt, Alls/mlios G"o! BaTTier Ruf, Mmtion ofOlhtr Australian C4ral Rufi, Envirollmmt and Mallag{menl,CSIRO C National Publicity Association, Melbourne, oUin slAustralian Museum,Sydney, 1987. Publishing, Melbournc, 200B, pp. 369-70. 1950. Isabel Bennett, A Coral Ru/Handbook, john HOOlXf in Pat Hutching s,Mike Ki ngs Australian Coral Reef Society, Brisbane,1978. Ben Daley and Peter Griw,'Mining the ford and Ovc Hoc:gh-Guldberg( cds), 1lu Rcefs and Cays: Coral, Guano and Rock Isobel Bennett, 11HFringe of /Ix Sea, Rigby, Great Barria Reef: BiO/ogy,Envirollm�nt alld Phosphate Extraction in the Great Barrier AdelaIde, \966. "1,,"o�ment, CSIRO Publishing,Melbourne, Reef, 1844-1940', Environment and History, 2008. Isobel Ben nett, 'flu Crtal Barricr Ruf,Lansd vol. 12,no. 4, 2006, pp. 395--433. owne Press,Sydney, 1971. D. I-Iopley,GeomQrphology of the Grlat Barria Alexander Dalrymple, HiIt(}riral Colleai(}nof Ruf Quarltrna,)Dt'IJt/(}pment ofO;ral Reefs, Isobel Bennett, On the Srash(}re,Rigby, Ad the Stvrral Voyages and Dis(ovuitS in the South John Wiley interscienee, New York,1982. elaide, 1969. Pa(!fi(Ocean ill 1770-1771, 1770-71 (fulltcxt D. Hopley, S.G. Smithers and K.E. Parnell, available online). William Bligh,Logbook of HMS Prtroidmu: 1htGeomorphology of/he Great Bn,.,i" Reef http://www.fntefulvoyage.comlprovidenceB G. Diaz-Pulido in Pat Hutchings, Mike Dt'lJtlopmlllt,Di�'C"Sity alld Change,C ambridge ligh/92090B.hlml Kingsford and Ove Hoc:gh-Guldberg(cds), University Press, Cambridge, 2007. 1luGrrm Burria Ruf Biology,E"'lJir(}nmrnt james Bowen and Margarita Bowen,7lx Grrol Pat Hutchings,Mike Kingsford and Ove alld Mnnagemelll, CSIRO Publishing, Mel Barria &if Hist(}ry, Srirnft, Heritage,Cam Hocgh-Guldberg (eds), 1h,Grlal Barr;er bourne,200B, pp. 146-56. bridge University Press, Melbourne, 2002. RLif:Biology, E .."ironme .. 'and MOllagemml, Graham J. Uigar,AUJtraliall MarilleHao;tutJ ill CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne,2008. Margarita Bowen,quoted in WiseNet,journai New Holland, Sydney, 2001. 34. Go to: www.wisenet-australia.org,March umpaale [Volen, David johnson, tbeGtlJlogy of Australia, Cambridge University Pre$s, Cambridge,2004. 1994,pp.13-14. Graham J. Edgar, Australian Marine Life: 1lu Reed John Brodie and Katharina Fabricius in Pat Plants alld AllimalsofTemptrate Walen, P.R. Last and j.D. Stevens, Sharlu and Rays Books,Melbourne, 2007. CSIRO Publishing,Melbourne, Hutchings,Mike Kingsford and Ove Hocgh ofAIl$tralia, 1994. Guldberg (cds), 1luGreat Barria RtifBiology, josephine Hood, Origillal1lu AU$trali,ws: Envirollmml and Mallagemt>lt,CSI RO Storyoflht Abariginal Ploplt, Allen & Unwin, Sam Leonardi,IXrsonal communication with Publishing,Melbourne, 2008. Sydney, 2006. author,1999.
238 APPENDIX
C.). Limpus,A Biological RroinJ) ojAUSiraJiall Henry Reynolds,Aborigir7(l1 Sovrrtignty: Rifiu Caplain Cook, East Street Publications, Marille Turill's:2 Chelonia mydas (Lillnal'/lJ), tiollS 011 RoC(, Slale and Nation, Allen & Unwin, Adelaide, 2007. �eensland Environmental Protection Sydney, 1996. Barbara Triggs,Tmcu, &alsand Otlxr Traw: Agency, 2008. Henry Reynolds (ed.),Aborigilltsalld Stttlm: A FiddGuide foAuSfralian Mammals, 3rd cdn, K.j. Lohmann, 'Magnetic orientation by 71uAustralian Experimu, 1788-1939, Cassell Oxford University Press,M elbourne, 1996. hatchling loggerhead sea turtles (Carttfa Australia, Melbourne, 1972. Steve Van Dyck and Ronald Strahan (cds), carttta)',journaloj ExJ=immtal Biology, Henry &')'Ilolds,Dipo=ion: BladAusfralioand 7ht Mammalsoj AIIJ/mlia, 3rd cdn, Reed no. 155, 1991, pp. 37-49. Whitt111'Vlllim ,AlIen &Unwin, Sydney, 1989. New Holland, Melbourne,2008. W.G.H. Maxwell,AtlaJojflx Grtaf Barri(f Henry Reynolds,Fall' 0/ aFru Peoplt, Penguin, J.E.N. Veron, personal communication with &if,Elsevier Publishing, Amsterdam, 1968. Melbourne, 2004. the author,2012. K.G. Mc.lntyre,1& Stcref Discowry ojAmfro Henry Reynolds,Frolllitr:Aborigi,,(S, StUltrs J.E.N. Veron,A Reifill Timt:1J;eGTtat Barri(f Jia: ParfuglitIt Vmfurl's2()(} Ytaf)" Btforl' Cook, a"d Lalld, Allen & Unwin, Sydney;1996. Reiffrom Btgillnillg lo Elld,Harvard Univer r Souveni Press, Menindie, 1977. sity Press, Cambridge, MA, 2009. Henry Reynolds, An I"dtlib/e Slain: 'The K.G. Mcintyre, 1& &rrtf Diuowryoj Ausfra QUl'SliollojGmrxide in Amlralia's Hislory, J.E.N. Veron, Coralsoj Australia and lhe lia:Portuguese Vmtuff'J250 YMf)" Bifore Capfaill V iking, Melbourne, 2001. indg-Pacific,Australian Institute of Marine Cook, Pan Books, Sydney, 1982. 1986. Henry Reynolds, 1& Law o/Iht Lalld, Penguin, SCience,Sydney, P. Menkhorst and Frnnk Knight,A FiddGuide Melbourne, 2003. J.E.N. Vernon, Corals in Space andTilllt: 71x fo fix Mammals ojAustralia, Oxford University Henry Reynolds, the Ot,,"Side ojllxFrOlllitr: Biogeographyalld Ewlutioll oflhe Sdtraclinia, Press,Melbourne, 2010. U Aboriginal Resistallu to fix EuroFall lll'tlllsion niversity of New South Wales Press, Sydney, Michael Morcombe, Fit/d Guide foAl/sfralian ojAustralia, Penguin, Melbourne, 1982. 1995. Birds, Steve Parish Publishing, Briabanc, 2004. Henry Reynolds, Why Wi!ren'l1# Toldr A j.E.N. Vernon, Comlsojflx World, Vols 1-3, Graham Pizzey (author) and Frank Knight Ptf)"QllalSearch for IIx TrulhAhout O/lr History, Australian Instintte of Marine Science, Sydney, Keith Windschuule, (illustrator), 1&Field Guide 10 IIx Birds of Penguin,Melbourne, 2000. 2000. 701'Fabricafion oj Australia, HarperCollins,Sydney, 2007. Aboriginal Hil/ory, Vol"lIIe Dill': Van Ditmm's William Saville-Kent, 1htGTtal Barriu Reif La"d 1803-/847, Madeay Press,Sydney, 2002. �eensland government, Department of ojAustralia: III Producls and Pattllfialilies, W.H. Keith Windschuttle, TheFahricalioll ojAborigi Primary Industries web site, Got to: www.dpi. Allen, London, 1893. 79 ht nal Hislory, VolunIe 7hru:the Sloltll Generafiom qld.gov.aulI6_9 5. m Ken Simpson and Nicholas Day, FiddGuidI' 1881-2()(}8,M adcay Press, Sydney, 2009. Queensland Annual Mineral Summary, fo Iht Birds ojAustralia, 8fh edll, Viking Judith Wright, '!he Coral Bafl/(groulld,Harpcr 2009-10, Go to: www.mines.industry.qld. (Penguin Books),Me lbourne, Victoria, 2010. Collins, Sydney, 1996. gov.a ul assetslmi nerals-pdflmineral-ta Peter Slater, Pat Slater and Raoul Slater, 'The ble-09-10.pdf Slafu Fil'/dGuide 10 AllstraliallBirdr, 2nd edn, Judith Wright, quo ted in WiseNet,JournaI34. New Holland, Sydney, 2009. Go to: www.wisenct-australia.orglprofilesl John E. Randall, Gerald R. Allen and Roger JudithWright.htm. C. Steene, rlJlxs ojflx Great Barrier &ifalld Struan K. Sutherland, VenomollS Crtaturesoj Coral Sta, University of Hawaii Press,Hono AllSfralia:A Field Gllide with Noles 011First Aid, C.M. Yonge,AYtaroll fix Gff'afBarritT Ruf lulu, 1996. Oxford University Press, Melbourne, 2006. 1& Slory ofCorals alld ojllx Gff'alesl oj7beir Crenliolls, Putnam, London, 1930. D. Raup and J. S epkoski Jr, 'Mass extinctions P. Tri ckett, BeYOlld Capricorn: I-/I)WPortuguese in the marine fossil record', &imf(, vol. 215, Adwnluref)"Secrnly Discf)V(ftd alld Mapptd L.D. Zcll, Grtaf BarritT RtifFoulldalion -£Slab no. 539, 1982,pp. 1501-3. Allslra/ia alld Nt'IJ.IZtalalld 250 Years Btfort lishmmt o.lIIsultallls Report, unpub lis hed,1996.
239
USEFUL INFORMATION
General information Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority (GBRMPA),Go to;www .gbrmpa.gov.au Queensland Marine Parks, Go to: www.derm.qld.gov.au
Campinq For permitsand information, Co \0;www .derm.qld.guv.au For informarion on Torres StraitIslands camping, contact The Torres Strait Regional Authority, Go to: http'.!IWlvlY.tsra.gov.:aul
F'ishinq To report suspected emergency and animal diseases, phone the Emergency Animal D�asesWatch Hotline on 1800 675888. To report suspected exotic plant peSts, phone the Exotic Plant Pw Hotline on 1800 084 881. To report out-of-plal:<: shark equipment or trapped marine animals, phone the Shark Hodinc on 1800 806 891.
'1'0 report illegal fishingactivities, phone the Fishwatch Hotline on 1800 017116.
To report yourcatch of tagged fish, phone the Tagged Fish Hotline on 1800 077 001.
2.2 PICTURE CREDITS
Australian Associated Press (AAP) p 82 Lonely Planet Images: p p 114, 123, 132, 143,162
AusrralianImtirnt!: of Marine Science (AlMS) MitchellLibrary, State Library ofNSW: pp 202 p229 (ML 226),203 (PXC 767/86),203 (ML11), 203 (ML42) AustralianNational Maritime Museum (ANI\1M)Collection of the Australian National National Archives ofAustralia: pp192-3 Maritime JVluseum,Da rling Ha rbour, Sydney. (NM: AI200,L11534) Re producrd oouncsy of the museum.p 202 NASA: 226-7 BBCffaTa Ncner: p p 4, 8�9,40, 45.56�7, National Geogra phiC Stock: pliO 126,138 National Library of Australia (NLA): pp 194 BB0James Brickell: pp 18-19,36-7,38,162, (a n4565639),199 (anI1230917), 203 223,234,240-1 (v n4366839),203 (aI14102929),209 BBC/Mark MacEwt:n:pp 84, 149,161, 162 (an23235184),209 (an.23236U5) ,209 (an23217137),209 (an.23220950),209 BBClJohnRumney: ppiv, 49, 166 (a n23382155) BBC/Richard Fitzpatrick p 70 Oceanic ImagcryrrroyM ayne: p 179 BBClDavid MainW:lring: p172 Oceanwiddmages.comlGary Bell:Jacket & BBC/David Wachenfeld: p35 Case Cover (upper), Paper cover, poster, pp54, 58,60,62,64,65,66,68-69,71,76,77,80,87,95, Carbis: Halftide page, pp 7, 12-13,71,90, 105, 98,98,100,108,108,109,113,113,1.20,121, 111, 118, 119,119,127, 130, 163,178, 212, 121,122,122,123,125,127,128,130,134-5, 215,232 146-7,154,163,163,165,165,183,185.216, Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Aut hority Image 219-220,222,224 Collection (GBRMPA): pp 16, 17,46,94,94,95, Oceanwiddmages.comIJohn Ashley: pp 48,185 102,106,124,129,131,131,140-141,163,199 Ckeanwiddmagcs.comIBob Halstead: pp 80, Getty Images: Jacket & Case Cover (l ower),pp 146-7 ii-iii, vi-I, 5, 6, 11, 14,16, 17.22-23,25,26,27, 28-9,30-31,34,39,42-3,44,47,51,55,61,66, Photoshot: pp 20, 114,180 67,73,74-5, 81,82,83,83,83,88-9,93,93,93, Shutterstock: pp 45, 61,63, 79, 79, 110, 119, 123, 93,93,94,94,95,98,103,103,104, lOS, 106, 124,143,145,152,163,187,199 107, 107, Ill, 112,112, 112,115, 116,117, 118,120,122,123,124,124,124,127,127,128. State Libr.uyof Victoria, Pictures Colleetion: 129, no, 131, 133,133, 133, 136,142,142, pp 202,207 143,150-151,152,153,153,157,158,162, Su perStock: pp95,101, 112 168, 170-171,179, 189, 190, 198,200-1,204-5. 218,225 l"he Huntington Library: pp 1%-7
iStock photo; pp 15,IS, 78,210-211 Tourism Queensland: p 231
Len Zdl: pp32,78, 95, 96, 97. 98, 99,99, 101, Visualphotos.oom: p 113 102, 106, 107, 108, 109, 109, 109, 110, 111, 112, WillJoncs: p 41 114,120,129,132,132,152,164
243 INDEX
A biVlllves 62 conUcoring 33 blennies 128 coral disuses 228 Aboriginal Australians 13-5, sabfl:-roothed 62 conoJfuh,beaked 60 34,195 Bligh, William 199 conllimorpharians 106 �climU"ians 105 blue-bottle 103 con.!polyps 148-9 algo.e 94-5 BOlln/y.HMS 199 col'lll reefs 4 seeolso com specie5 blue-grren 92 boxjellyfish 88-9,103 at dusk 72 coralline 95 Brigo.lowBelt 24 effecl of cydones 82 (TUSIOSe 95 brinle smr 77,120 'farming phuc' 56-7,59 lilamentous 95 brown boobie$ 131, ]61,162 formation 59,78 macroalgac 92,94 2],24 bl'}'mO�n5 118 growth paint 4 as guides 10 global huhh 219-22 butrerflyfish 127 Z()OlW1thcUac 56--7,59,72, life cycle of a polyp 78-9 buked 59 85,94,222-4 main gcologiul f��rures 52,53 olg:olbloom 47 night feeding 72 algalreefs 4 c nighl spawning 77 amphiporu 112 al noon 59 �ncmOnc 71,103,105 camouftaged feeden 66 conl rttf lagoons 52-3 angelfIsh 126,127,143 campingsites 176-7 conI n!t:fp.''emem$ 53 animals s(ta/so life Cal'"York Peninsula 22-3,24 conI OJbble cays 50 air-breathing 160 carbon diwcidein atmosphere 225 conl WId cays 50 CTUsrnCCllnS 112-3 Centnol Qleenshnd Coast 24 Coral. Sea Rttfs 3 invenebnm: 101-3 cephalopods 116,117 CoralSea Rise 139,222 mammals 133 chitoflli 114 Coral Sea Territories 3 ofRecfe.:osysrcm 92 ciguatol 244 APPEND X cr..y1ish 113 fish hooks 186 Grttn Island 210-3 crocodile Set esruarinc crocodile fishing 184-6 grouper,��nsland 1%-7 crown-of-thorns sea nar 17,76, n, 119,229 fish species 34,47,54,92,122,126-9 guano m iners 85,206 CSIRQ (Commonwealth Sci entifi c and Industrial w! also individualnames gulls 163,179 Research Organisation) 214 prorectcd IS4 ctenophores 101 rctumingunwanted fish 186 cuttlefish 116,117,138 fishstocks 16 H cyanobacteria 79,92 Flinders, Matthew 16,202 ha bitats cyclone d evdop ment 82 flounder 12S corn reef 52-3 Cyclone Ului 82 Fly,HMS 202,203 diversity 6,10-3,21 Cyclone Yas; 82 foss il record 137 extinction 137 Cymoaouaurr ulali1 98 Fraser Island 24,28-9 floating 164 friga tebirds 131 mainland 24 Fungiids lOS D Ha/imtd" bioherms 45,53,95 damselfish 126,127,222 Half/phil"s/,inulrua 98 dartfish 128 G Hayman Island 26 Henderson Amll 91 Dauphin M ap 195,198 gamete soup 79 Dmdrrmrpthya 110 gastropods 114 Heron Isbnd 11,51,99,153,209 diatoms 95 GBRMPA SleGreat Barrier Reef Marine Park channel 225,226-7 diving 186 Authority Research Station 20S diving ccrtifiotcs 182 Gdkie Gorge (Western Australia) 136 Hook Island 213 dolphins 133 glaciation events 21,219,222,225 hum an impact bottle-nosed 133 Gladstone 32-3 (onservationists 16,213-{.,230 dugong 44,133 goatfish 62,68-9 effect on w:l!erquality 24 Dutch 195-8 Goat's footconvolvulus 98 European exploration 15, 195-9 goats,introduction of 20S industri es in Torres Strait 206 goby o il exploration 214 E 71,128 G onioporae 108 research sta tions 214 eastern reef cgn:t 163 Great Barrier Reef 2 murism 208-13 echinoderms 92,118-20 biodiversity 91 traditio nal OwnCn 13-5,34,50, 194-5,217 EultOlJrismAustra1ia ECO Certification bioregions 21 !rawling flee! 16 Progr:un 174 bioregions on mainland 24 l'lurley, Frank 209 ecls boundaries 217 hydro ids 79 garden 45,62 erono mic i mp or tance 230 moray 62,123 as an ecosystem 3 Erui(lHJOur,HMS 199 extent 3,5 EndeaVO\JrReef 199 I nt�rnme nral Panel on Climate Chang\' habirat diversity 6,10-3,21 estu�rine crocodile 34,38,39,130 (lPCC) 224 habirat. on mainland 24 extinction events 137,222 heritage values 217 International Union for Conservation ofNature (IUCN) gister rel at ion to Indo-Pacific roraJ reefs 3 RC 217 >nlers F thrc<: regions 5 inter-rttfal 47 Inwslig"/fIT',HMS 202 fairy basslcts,orangc 58 Great Barrier RecfCommi!!ee 20S Favidac 108 Great Barrier lke fMarine Park 5,16,217 irukandji 103 feathermouth 71 Grcat BaITier Reef Marine ParkAuthority is lands m feather stru; 58,119,144-5 formation 5.217 continental, rockyor ainland 50 fins, damage from 186 role 15-{. coral rubble oJ'S 50 firefish, purple 143 wningplans 16,173,217 coral sand cays 50 fisheriesni com e 230 Great Barrier ReefWorld Her it� Area 5.217 245 THE GREAT BARRIER REEF J molluscs 114--7,225 I>ompc:yComplex 13 pontoons 178 Ja,"Ct.:. Cr;mdc 195-8 MossmanCorge 25 jellyfish, box 88-9,103 Mossman Rh"Cf 15 Poritidac 107 jimble 103 Mount Ban:1cFrere 139 Portuguese mariners 15,195,196-7 mudflats poNto rods 124 Juhs,)oscph Bccre 202,2{)3 34 mudskipper 34 prawns 71,76.113 Mussiwc 108 down 76 K mUlIon-birds 131,153,162 emperor shrimp 71,142 kmt l:mdscapcs 13 mantis shrimp 62,63,152 pumice rafts 164 K�nt Island lighthouse 206 N King, Phillip Parhr 202,203 ni�n-fixing 92 krill 225 NO(fi/u(1Jstir/til/am 95 Q K-T extinction 137 nudib�nch 71,114,115 Q!lttnslandM�rine P..uks 173 Quccnsland Nichl Refi nery 218 L Quttnsland PlatCOlu 139,223 o Lady Ellioll Island 6,206 Q!u:cnslandTrench 54--5,139 ocean acidific:uion 225 U\keMcKenzie 28-9 ocean level changes 225 life 'NI1I,o:lnimals; pbnn oc:ean �ming IN under w.l1er temperatures R in back reef slope 144 oclopi 66,72. 116,142 Raine Island interstitial 41 octopusbush 99 beacon 15,203 in an 156 OC� depths guano mining 206 in reef top 148-55 wildlife sanctuary 203,204-5 sea-floorcommunities 45,139-43 p 1'1I.ys su manlllrays; stingrays in seaward reef tOP ISS Papua New CuinCOl 217 red-tailed trop ic birds 132, 163 �ghthouses 15,206 parrodish 59,72,91,128 n.cfslU I1lso corn =fs limpets 114 burnphead 53,59,61 dissc<:ted and deltaic 13 lionfish 67,72,124 pearl fish 70 fringing 10,50,222,223 Lizard Isl:md N�tionaJ P�fk 158-9,214--5 pearl-shell diving 206-7 in tcr-n.cf al ...... ters 47 Research Station 216 pcnnitsfor di,�ng 182 platform 10 p ied oystercalCher 162 Lord Howe Island 5 ribbon 10,54 LowhIes pilolfish 74-5 shdf-edge 3-4 lighthouse 206 pipefish 124 rccf walking lBO-I year-Iollg study 208 Pisonia forest 51,100,153,160 reptiles 130 plankton restricted activities 179 phytoplankton 139 amlS M restricted 173 species 93, 101 Russcllisland lighthouse 206 macroolgae Setalgae "Z ooplankton 72,139 M�ka:mrs oft.-hla)'" 15 plankton bloom 47 mangroves 34,53,96 plankton pluckers 124,144-5 s grey 96 plants 50, 92 s«also life; mangrovcs salps 101 slilt-rool 35,96 beach stralldline 98-9 saltwater crocodile manta �ys 62,74--5,123 _ a/so stingrays flo""Cring 96 lU estuarine crocodile marlin 48 horsetail she-oaks 99 sand flats 41 Maxwell,W.C.H. 5,6 PiSOr/;"forest 51,100,153,160 SarrophylDr/ 110 ]\"leduS"ae 79 planube larvae 7S scallops 139 Mmlll1id,Hj\'lS 202,203 plastic b:lgs 165,179 scorpionfish 124 Milltptml 109 Pocilloporidae 107 sea anemone su:anemone mining income 230 1'W){hatlN 111 seabirds 85,131-2 246 APPENDIX sea cow 44.133 Spanish mariners 198 rainwater 153 sea cucumber 59,70,71,77.80.120 spawning 77, 79 seawater p ollution 31-3 sea fan, ordnge 15 spearfishing 186 seawater qualify 222 sea gooseberry 103 spearguns 186 w:lter temperatures 82-5.219 seagl1lSSCS 41,53,98 sponges 92, 102 ocean warming 86,224 seah:ms 114 cup 102 wan:rways 30-3 seahorscs 66,124,143 encrusting 102 wcather changes 228 sea jelly 79,103 squid 116 wedge-t:liIcd shcarwaters 131,153,162 sea perch, biger" 68-9 humboldt 156--7 Wet Tropics 24 seashells 114-7 jumbo 156-7 whales 133 ch:oin-of-mail shdl 114 squirrdfish 124 humpback 133 cone shell 225 stinging ferns 79 mink" 49,133 nautilusshell 156 stingrays 72, 139-42 sa,,/so manta rays whale shark 123,140-1 sea snails 114 cow-tailed rays 123 Whitsunday Island 20,30-1,42-5 sea snakes 72,73,130,168-9 stomatopods 11 3 Windjana Gorge_ WesternAustralia 12-3 olive 73,168-9 stonefish 66,124 worms 77,111 sea spukles 95 Stylas," 109 Chrinma'-trce 62,64,111 Sl!3 squirt 101.121 su�onfish 72,128,154 fan 134-5 colonial 121 swut!ips 126 (cather duner tubeworm 134-5 solitary 121 Aatworms 111 synaptiru 120 sa0/'" sea cumber sea stars 92,] 19 peanut 142 basket Star 76 ribbon 111 brittle st.u 77,120 T wrasse 71 crown-of-thorns ]7, 76,77,] 19,229 terns blue-streak 62 feather star 58,119, ]44-5 black noddy 100,163,188-9 cleaner 62.127 horned 45 crested 132,162 humphead 61 seaturtles 85,]30. ]65-7 noddr 132 Maori 61 green 40,84,86-7,165, 1 66-7,204-5 thallus 95 WreckBay 123 sea urchins 118,119, 152 Torresian imperial pigeons 85 Wright,Judith 216 seawalnut 101.103 TorresStr:Ut 5,21.198.202,206 sea whips 103 Torres smUt Islanders 15,34,50,194-5.217 y sharks 72.158-9 tourism 16 Yanga/a,SS 14,46,148 black-tip reef 122.159 tourism industry 230 Yong.:, Sir Mauri<:e 208 epaulette 158-9 tourist CIlSl!ntiais 179 silver-tip ]22 tourist resorts 50,174-5 whale 123,140-1 trevally 124,143 Z white-tip reef 72,91,122 blue-fin 124 zooanthids 103,106 shippingroutCll 16,199,202 golden 74-5 woxanthdlae 56-7,59,72,85, shipwrecks 15 Trkhodmniumblooms 79,94 94,222--4 re shipw ck di\'CIl 46 Tlibostm, 109 shrimp 71.76,113 tuna 128 down 76 tunicatt6 121 emperor 7],142 mantis 62,63,152 silver gulls 163,179 w snorkelling 182,186 ",:lIer sole 66 for drinking 179 Southeastern Qyeensland 24 human impact on quality 24 Sp=ish dancer 71 intcr-m:fal ...... tcrs 47 247 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS There have been an enormous number of people who have helped me on myjourney to write this book. I especially want to thank Richard Pearson for his support and help with the textin general. Peter Gesner and Jenny Freeman who helped me to ensure my writings on the history of the Reefwere correct, and Neville ZeUfor his overall comments and support. If there are any mistakes in this book, they are mine through misinterprerntion. I have also nx:eived support from Peter and Beryl Beinssen,Barbara Pearson,jim and Margie Zell, Charlie Veron, Leon Zann,Terry Donc,John Barnett, charter boat operators, resorts, research stations and all the staff at the University orNew Englami,Jamcs Cook University, Australian Institute of Marine Science,Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority and other organisations that have helped in the development of my knowledge throughout che forty yearsI have worked on che Great Barrier Reef It was (his experience that has enablcd me to write this book. I also wish to thank the staff at Murdoch Books for their general good humour and professionalism, particularly the publisher, Paul Mitchell. I would particularly like to acknowledge their careful selection and captioning of the images. And finally,I would like toacknowledge my hero, Isobel Bennett, who sadly passed away recently. Her inspirational actions helped me achieve so much more Great Barrier Reefsuccess than I would have without her. 248 DEDICATION 'Ihis book is dedicated to the latc: Isobel Bennen, who wasAustralia's leading authority on the intertidal organisms fo und on our coasts. She: alsowrote ni ne books, kept William Dakin's Australian Seashores book alive long after hisdeath (ultimately as first author) and taught hundreds of students the: excitement of our seas and reefs. She was awarded an MSe (the firsthonorary one:from theUnivtrsity of Sydney), a DSc (Honours, University of New South Wales) and an AO for her contributions to marine science. One of the: first women to join an expedition wi th Australian Antarctic Research Expeditions (ANARE}-fO Macqua ric: Island-Bennett also had 5C:\lcr1l1 species of animals and orchids named after her. She: made: numerous visits to the Great Barrier Recffrom as early as 1954 onwards, and wrote the: first definitive bookon the Great Barrier Reef She: was a stunning inspiration to many. 249 Publls.Mcl ln 2012 by Mu,,'och -. Ply Lirnoted Mu,doc� _I ..."str.� loIurdo T." CIMurdoch _. 2012 lI'4rnor.r .lQhl or III' ..,11101 hi. _ ...... 1.0. 0HlQnClIoI ... doch _I Plr LlIIII(eII 2012 8IC ICqO CI8ac !996 BBC _ liltB8C IoQos In t,_kS 01 tillBrlUVI 8 Tilt B8C1DiQIIIl 01...... TV s.r� ".. , &vn.rRH'. In�rl E-V .-t'llofl l\M _ "'-IO U_ llIt ...... oI ,opyt lQlll.... t... 1IIs inl .... -. DU! ...... in U.n ...... --""t. .... rill ....chorUJ_ t>ubIsher will litqIId to __inlof lllllion INcIin\t10 1I\OIt�.«kl�nts in $I.II>ItQ\IerII P'lrIIotIQI of1111 __ in1"._ .... �t_ I"'" � Iof_� ....rlqlots .--. 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