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Download (2MB) GLOSSARY ab)'!isaldepths from 4000 to 6000 m (13,123 coral coring drilling and removing a organism for survival-for example, to 19,685 ft) below sea level core sample from coral for research sharks swim freely and depend purposes only on other organisms for food anemones or sea anemones most species are column-shaped polyps with an coralline resembling coral gamete a cell that fuses with another cell adhesive foot at the bas!: and tentacles during fertilisation; in organisms that crystallineresembling crystal at the 'mouth' end reproduce sexually, one gamete may culvert drain be the ovum or egg and the other the sperm beche-dc-mer sea cucumber, a delicacy cuspate ribbon reefs ribbon reefs that fonn (fresh or dried) in Eastern and a triangular elongated growth glIstropods area class of molluscs, including Southeast Asian cuisines sea snails, whelks, abalone, conches and periwinkles hi-valves molluscs whose bodies are detrital feeders ordetrivores organisms enclosed by two shells-for eJ(ample, that feed off decomposing plants glaciati on ice age characterised by lower oysters and clams and animals temperatures and the advance of glaciers bioluminescence the production of light diatomaceous earths the fossilised remains guano the urine and faceesof birds, cave­ by a living organism of a type of hard-shdled algae called dwelling bats and seals that is used as a garden fertiliser biomass biological material from living diatoms; they are used for, among or de.::omposing organisms other things, filters,cat litter and pest repellents in gardens hommies an outcrop of rock and coral heathlands areas of low-growing shrubs where the soil is too poor to support the growth bryozoans lace coral families, genera and species all plants and of trees animals are classified according to the humic substances major organic constiruems, ciguatera a fonn of food poisoning caused family they belong to; they are then usually in soils by eating recffish contaminated with subdividedinto genera (plural for 'genus') toxins produa:d by micro-organisms and again into species-for example, the hydrographer someone who charts a body of called dinoflagclletes humpback whale (Mtgaplua l'/o'l.J(uong}iae) water by measuring its depths, tides and is a member of the Balaenopteridae family currents, usually to establish a safe passage cilia tiny hair-like projections on the surfaces for shipping of some organisms (that is, baleen whales, which have baleen plates for filtering food from water, ruther hydroids cnidarian feather-like animals with cnidarian animalsan enormous group than teeth), and it also belongs to the stinging capsules of animals that possess specially genus MegapttTa,and to the species modified cells called nematocysts, Megaptero nM)(mmgliue or stinging cells. This group includes Rotsam is Roating wreckage from a ship or interstiti:llspaces the gaps between matter, sea jellies, anemones, sea whips, itscargo such as the gaps between grains of sand zooamhids, corallimorparians, stinging hydroids, hard corals Foraminiferans are the most common marinc invertebrate animal species without a backbone and soft corals plankton species commensal an organism that benefits from foram sand sand made up of the tiny shells of jetsam is a part of a ship, or its associated living with another organism without single-celled organisms called fornminfcra equipment or cargo that is deliberately harming or benefiting it me-living organism one that is not cast overboard to lighten the load if the coral bommie see Sommie directly dependent on another ship findsitself in distress 236 APPENDIX K-T Extinction the period when dinosaurs sedges a family offlowering plants that look became extinct about 65 million years like grasses or rushes ago-'K'stands for the Cretuceous sedimenrntion Ihe build-up of silt and sedi­ Period and 'T'for the Teniary Period ment against a barrier semi-terrestrialorganisms, such as sand crabs, leeward is the dire(:tiondownwind from that do not live entirely on land the point of reference shoals sandbanks or sand bars strandlin.. the high wQtermurk on a beach macroaJgae seaweeds where waves deposit flotsam and jetsam microbC!l single-celled organisms, including substrate mud, rocks or sand at the bottom viruses and bacteria, that cannot be seen of a marine environment without a microscope synaptid referring to tentacles at the end of a sea curumber which it cannot retract into nematocysts stinging capsules in cnidarian the body cavity animals, such as jellyfish terrestrial living on land, rather than ooze fine mud on the sea Roor that is full in the sea of decaying life forms thallivegetative tissue of some organisms such ooze dwellers those organisms that live as algae, fungus and lichens-for example, offthe OCU' on the sea floor seaWCf:d may look as ifit has branches or stems and leaves but marine biologiSlll class operculum little lid or 'trdpdoor' used by the whole organism as a thallus such gastropods as sea snails to close the opening of its shell turfrugae algae that grow in turf-like structures plankton or planktonic organisms any vertebrate animal species that have a backbone (usually microscopic) animals, plants, or spinal column algae or bacteria that drift in the ocean proboscis usuaUy refers to the nose or snout water column any vertical body of water, from in vertebrate animals, or to a long protrud­ the sea floor to the surface ing part on an invertebrate watershed a mountain range, ridge or peak that separates water catchment areas rain shadow a dry area on the lee side of a mountain range zooplankton small floating aquatic animals runoffexcess water from rain flows off the land into rivers and, ultimately, zooxanxtllellae microseopic algae that live into the sea in the tissues of cora! polyps 237 BIBL IOGRAPHY Gerald R. Allen and Roger C. Steene, Indtr Patricia Clare, 1luStTllgglefor the Grtat Barria Great BarrierReef Marine Park Authority, PacificCoral RufGllidt:Tropical RufReuarrh, Reef,C ollins,London, 1971. GBR Outlook Relort2009 GBRMPA, 2009. University of Calif omi a, Berkeley,1994. Harold G. Cogger, Reptilesand Amphibialls Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, Gerald R. AlIen,Roger Swainston and Jill ofAustralia,6th cdn, Reed New Holland, Map of/he GBR Marin� Park Regio.. , 1975. Ruse, Marine Fisius oJTropila!Austra/io l1nd Sydney, 2000. Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, Soulh-Eml Asia, WesternAustralia Mus<:um, LeOllard Cronin, CroniniKry Guide: AIIStralian Map ofthe GBR World Haitagt Atta, 19B1. Perth,1997. Mammals, Allcn & Unwin,Sydney, 200B. Ernie Grant,Guide to Fishes, 11th edn,E. M. Robert C.V. Baker,Robert J. Haworth and Grant,Rcdclitfe North, Queensland,2008- Leonard Cronin,Kry Guide: Australian Reptiles C. Peter Flood,'An Oscillating Holocene alld Amphibians, Envirobook, Sydney, 2001. Brett Hildcr, University Sea-level? Revisiting Rottncst Island, Western 1htVoyage ofTorm, of �eensland Press, Brisbane, 19BO. Australia and the Fairbridge Eustatic Hypoth­ W.J.Dakin, 1he Great Barrier &ef, National esis',journa/ofCOl1JIO/ RtuQrrh, vol. 42, 2004, Publicity Association, Melbourne, 1950. Ove Hocgh-Guldberg, 'Epilogue', in Pat pp.3-14. Hutchings,Mike Kingsford and Ove Hocgh­ W.J. Dakin, 1lu Great Barr/a Ruland Some Guldberg (cds), TheGttat Barria Ruf Biol(}gy, Isabel BenneTt, Alls/mlios G"o! BaTTier Ruf, Mmtion ofOlhtr Australian C4ral Rufi, Envirollmmt and Mallag{menl,CSIRO C National Publicity Association, Melbourne, oUin slAustralian Museum,Sydney, 1987. Publishing, Melbournc, 200B, pp. 369-70. 1950. Isabel Bennett, A Coral Ru/Handbook, john HOOlXf in Pat Hutching s,Mike Ki ngs­ Australian Coral Reef Society, Brisbane,1978. Ben Daley and Peter Griw,'Mining the ford and Ovc Hoc:gh-Guldberg( cds), 1lu Rcefs and Cays: Coral, Guano and Rock Isobel Bennett, 11HFringe of /Ix Sea, Rigby, Great Barria Reef: BiO/ogy,Envirollm�nt alld Phosphate Extraction in the Great Barrier AdelaIde, \966. "1,,"o�ment, CSIRO Publishing,Melbourne, Reef, 1844-1940', Environment and History, 2008. Isobel Ben nett, 'flu Crtal Barricr Ruf,Lansd­ vol. 12,no. 4, 2006, pp. 395--433. owne Press,Sydney, 1971. D. I-Iopley,GeomQrphology of the Grlat Barria Alexander Dalrymple, HiIt(}riral Colleai(}nof Ruf Quarltrna,)Dt'IJt/(}pment ofO;ral Reefs, Isobel Bennett, On the Srash(}re,Rigby, Ad­ the Stvrral Voyages and Dis(ovuitS in the South John Wiley interscienee, New York,1982. elaide, 1969. Pa(!fi( Ocean ill 1770-1771, 1770-71 (fulltcxt D. Hopley, S.G. Smithers and K.E. Parnell, available online). William Bligh,Logbook of HMS Prtroidmu: 1htGeomorphology of/he Great Bn,.,i" Reef http://www.fntefulvoyage.comlprovidenceB­ G. Diaz-Pulido in Pat Hutchings, Mike Dt'lJtlopmlllt,Di�'C"Sity alld Change,C ambridge ligh/92090B.hlml Kingsford and Ove Hoc:gh-Guldberg(cds), University Press, Cambridge, 2007. 1luGrrm Burria Ruf Biology,E"'lJir(}nmrnt james Bowen and Margarita Bowen,7lx Grrol Pat Hutchings,Mike Kingsford and Ove alld Mnnagemelll, CSIRO Publishing, Mel­ Barria &if Hist(}ry, Srirnft, Heritage,Cam­ Hocgh-Guldberg (eds), 1h,Grlal Barr;er bourne,200B, pp. 146-56. bridge University Press, Melbourne, 2002. RLif:Biology, E .."ironme .. 'and MOllagemml, Graham J. Uigar,AUJtraliall MarilleHao;tutJ ill CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne,2008. Margarita Bowen,quoted in WiseNet,journai New Holland, Sydney, 2001. 34. Go to: www.wisenet-australia.org,March umpaale [Volen, David johnson, tbeGtlJlogy of Australia, Cambridge University Pre$s, Cambridge,2004. 1994,pp.13-14. Graham J. Edgar, Australian Marine Life: 1lu Reed John Brodie and Katharina Fabricius in Pat
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