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Prospects of in the Buxa Tiger Reserve, Alipurduar, West Bengal

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Prospects of in the Buxa Tiger Reserve, Alipurduar, West Bengal Indian Journal of Spatial Science Autumn Issue, 11(2) 2020 pp.133 - 138 Indian Journal of Spatial Science Cosmos Impact Factor 2018:6.521 IP Index 2019:2.080 Advanced Sciences Index 2019:1.320 A Peer Reviewed and Refereed Journal EISSN: 2249 - 4316Homepage: www.indiansss.org ISSN: 2249 - 3921 Prospects ofEcotourism in the Buxa Tiger Reserve, Alipurduar, West Bengal Dr. Mahua Chatterjee Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, Lady Brabourne College, Kolkata Article Info Abstract Ecotourism is considered a sustainable mode of tourism that offers travelling into natural areas with a Article History primary focus on environmental and cultural understanding, appreciation, and conservation. The objective of this paper is to explore ecotourism as a concept to evaluate the ecotourism opportunities Received on: present in Buxa Tiger Reserve (BTR) of West Bengal. Primary data were collected during the field survey 10 May, 2020 while secondary data were obtained through careful examination of the available public and private Accepted in Revised Formon : 17 August, 2020 recorded documents relevant to the study. Along with walk through dense forest and visit to historical Buxa AvailableOnline on and from: fort, Mahakalgumpha, Nature Interpretation Centre (NIC), Animal Rescue Centre, Orchid house, self- 23 September, 2020 guided nature trails, watchtowers, drinking water and garbage disposal facility, lodging houses in the surrounding villages including home-stay of Buxa attract the eco-tourists and nature lovers. Ecotourism initiatives in the study area have significantly contributed to job creation and financial empowerment to Keywords the local people. Therefore, it can act as a powerful tool for the socio-economic development of local communities while conserving biodiversity. Some more measures including the establishment of Tourism, ecotourism environment protection planning and auditing system, introduction of eco-tourism ethical Biodiversity, education and management system, appointment of guides to educate the travellers about the culture, Conservation, customs of locals have been suggested. Empowerment, © 2020 ISSS. All Rights Reserved Ecotourism. Introduction biosphere reserves, mountains, forests mangroves, rivers, etc. Tourism is the most vibrant tertiary activity today and an The widely varying topography, climate and soil has provided important catalyst in the socio-economic development of a an extremely rich biodiversity. It is the home to numerous rare region. Eco-tourism can be viewed as a nature-based and endangered species. Ecotourism activities using the natural ecologically sustainable tourism activities where education and resource attractions in remote rural areas can be important interpretation are a major constituent and simultaneously, local sources of economic diversification and livelihood opportunity people are also benefitted. Ecotourism, therefore, focuses on (Ashley et al., 2001; UNWTO, 2002). three significant aspects viz. nature, tourism, and local Ecotourism is a kind of nature-based tourism that has received communities. It is one of the newest opportunities for income much attention in the late 1980s developing countries and generation from natural resources without destroying the economically impoverished regions around the world. It is an environment. The declaration of the year 2002 as the agent of change (Wall, 1997) and, as such, has been linked to International Year of Ecotourism by the World Tourism resource protection policies, protected area conservation efforts, Organization proves the importance of ecotourism in the global sustainable development initiatives, and regional and industrial market. community development strategies in many places (Ceballos- West Bengal, with its diverse geography and culture has been Lascurain, 1993; Wells, 1997). The most significant feature of well endowed with a wealth of eco-systems comprising the ecotourism industry in India is its capacity to generate large- Indian Journal of Spatial Science Spring Issue, 11(2) 2020 pp.133 - 138 scale employment opportunities, particularly in a remote and random sample of various tourists visiting Buxa and underdeveloped area. It offers enormous potential for utilizing purposively random sample survey done on local people living natural resources like landscapes, mountains, bio-diversity in the villages nearby the BTR. Officials of the Buxa Tiger areas, rivers, etc for the benefit of people. Reserve are also interviewed. Secondary data and related Ecotourism is not only a travel statement; it gives the message of information have been taken from several reports, articles, man's relationship with nature and its inhabitants. The books, and journals published by government and non-profit awareness generated through eco-tourism activity helps in the organizations. The data are then organized, classified, tabulated, movement of environmental protection and conservation. analyzed, and presented with suitable diagrams. Maps are Ecotourism in India is a niche industry that has mainly obtained from the office of the Field Director, Buxa Tiger developed in the past few years. It is largely based on the concept Reserve. The study period is short (February 2019- March 2019 of sustainable tourism or eco-friendly tourism. Ecotourists and September 2019); hence, an in-depth analysis of the study might engage in a wide range of activities, including trekking has its limitations. More than 250 samples had been tested with (hiking, bushwalking), climbing, camping, photography, sight- the questionnaire and used for the study. seeing, fishing, bird watching, forest viewing, and general exploration of remote natural areas (Koki, 2017). The StudyArea The purpose of ecotourism is, therefore, to maintain a balance The geographical diversity of India remains in its wealth of between the requirements of tourism and ecology on the one ecosystems, which are well protected and preserved. These hand and the needs and well being of the local people on the ecosystems have now become the major resource for eco- other. BTR has a large treasure of natural beauty. A variety of tourism. The Buxa Tiger Reserve of Alipurduar is one such bio- flora and fauna rejuvenate people's minds. This has been further reserve which has gradually turned into a popular eco-tourist supported by the State Government, which incorporates the goal destination in the North Bengal for its dense forest and wildlife. of sustainability and community welfare in its Tourism Planning The BTR (761 sq. Km) has been declared in 1983 and includes and Policy. People and tour operators usually prefer to visit the area of the Buxa Wildlife Sanctuary (386.07 sq km) and the undiscovered destination and as a part of strategic planning with Buxa National Park (117.10 sq km). It also includes 37 forest the help of community support and enthusiasm, the authority of villages, another 46 revenue villages and 34 tea gardens in its Buxa Tiger Reserve started to promote this tiger reserve as eco- periphery. There is a wide ethnic variation found with people tourist spot. belonging to different tribes like Rava, Mech (Boro), Oraon, The Buxa Tiger Reserve (BTR) of Aipurduar district with its Garo, Dukpa, and local castes like Rajbanshi, etc. The BTR lies historically important and pilgrimage places like Buxa Fort, between 260' 30 N and 26 0' 55 N latitudes and 89 0' 20 and 89 0' 55 E Mahakal Gumpha, Pokhri hills, etc is emerging as an ecotourism longitudes. destination spot in the map of West Bengal. Thousands of people About 1.67 lakh tourists visited Buxa Tiger Reserve in 2018-19, visit BTR every year providing a source of income for the an increase of nearly 65% from the year before; the year before, villagers through availing services like a homestay, eco-tourism arrivals dropped 16%, while in 2015-16, the expansion was 18% guide, safari vehicles, cultural performances, restaurants, showed data from the office of FD, BTR. The largest chunk of porters, shopping, etc. The development of eco-tourism has domestic tourists comes from the state of West Bengal, Sikkim, become one of the essential elements of the new tourism and AsSam. Foreign tourist arrivals constitute a mere 2% of all paradigm from mass tourism to sustainable tourism. It is tourists from 2014 to 2019. BTR is yet to be successful in ecologically sustainable to satisfy the economic well being of making a big story of the ecotourism sector. the local community. The study provides the pathways for how ecotourism initiatives in Buxa Tiger Reserve can be assessed on The BTR as a Eco-tourism Destination whether they at all contribute to the livelihood of the local (a)Attraction people. Major attractions of the BTR is the jungle safari allowed through the designated ecotourism routes. These are guided safaris Objectives where taking the help of an approved nature guide is The research work has been undertaken with the following compulsory. Guided jungle safaris are organized from objectives focusing on eco-tourism of Buxa Tiger Reserve Rajabhatkhowa and Jainti areas of the BTR. Sighting of wild (BTR): animals and numerous birds and a variety of trees are the major I. To analyze the concept and importance of eco-tourism in the attractions. Another attraction is the trek from Santalabari to Buxa Tiger Reserve, Buxaduar, the ruins of the ancient Bhutanese fort and Ii. To examine the issues that favour the development of the Lepchakha, Chunabhati, Adma areas in Sinchula hills, Buxa Tiger Reserve in the ecotourist map of West Bengal, providing
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