A Path of Sympathetic to the Forensic Science from the Sight of Forensic Anthropology
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The Potential Impact of Television on Jurors Prepared for August 2010 Impression and Pattern Evidence Symposium
Kimberlianne Podlas, JD Associate Professor University of North Carolina at Greensboro [email protected]; (336) 334-4196 The Potential Impact of Television on Jurors Prepared for August 2010 Impression and Pattern Evidence Symposium Introduction Because television is society’s most pervasive medium, we all have experience with and opinions about it. Our experiences, however, are not the same as expertise in the production of the medium, and our opinions cannot substitute for empirical facts about its effects. Particularly when forecasting the impact of television on juror pre- conceptions, biases, and decision-making, adjusting trial strategies accordingly, and/or making evidentiary decisions in response, justice requires that we privilege the facts about television above the perceptions and myths about it. To help separate fact from fiction and to guide practitioners, the following materials synopsize the main research findings regarding the influences of televisual depictions of law. First, to provide a foundation for understanding television’s effects and how they may operate in individual cases, the materials outline the primary theories of television impact. Next, the materials summarize the research on contemporary law television programs (in particular judge shows, crime procedurals, and lawyer dramas), and analyze the impacts these shows may or may not have. The Importance of Television to the Law Television’s power is undeniable: It is one of society’s primary conduits of information and agents of socialization (Shrum 1998). Indeed, much of what people know comes from television. Sometimes it supplements information from other sources, such as family, school, and work; other times it substitutes for direct experience, taking us into worlds with which we would otherwise have no contact (Signorielli 279-80; Podlas 2008, 11-14). -
CSI Effect’ Impacts Justice in Tucson
‘CSI effect’ impacts justice in Tucson Juries demand the Crime scenes: impossible of TV vs. reality investigators By Enric Volante and Kim Smith ARIZONA DAILY STAR May 8, 2005 Some Pima County jurors take longer to deliberate because they expect evidence to be as clear-cut and stunning as on hit TV shows like "CSI: Crime Scene DNA results Investigation." • TV: DNA results come back in a few hours. Because of the so-called "CSI effect." judges and attorneys are being more • REALITY: Nuclear DNA can take several selective when they choose jurors and days to a week to process, and the present cases, and some exasperated cops samples are normally tested in batches that are worrying that such TV shows could take about a month. It can take a month just to lead to criminals avoiding prison. get enough of a sample to test in mitochondrial DNA because it can be so Courts across the country are difficult to get enough matter from bone, teeth scrambling to deal with the phe- or hair. nomenon, according to news reports. In Phoenix, several criminal cases appear to have turned on the lack of such TV- inspired evidence, said Barnett Lotstein, a special assistant Maricopa County attorney. In Peoria, Ill., investigators matched the DNA from saliva on a rape victim's breast to the DNA of a gang member who said he never touched her. But jurors said police also should have tested the soil at the rape scene, and refused to convict Fingerprints the man. • TV: Fingerprints can be retrieved from And in San Francisco, homicide nearly any surface in nearly every case. -
Forensic Facial Reconstruction SUBJECT FORENSIC SCIENCE
SUBJECT FORENSIC SCIENCE Paper No. and Title PAPER No. 11: Forensic Anthropology Module No. and Title MODULE No. 21: Forensic Facial Reconstruction Module Tag FSC_P11_M21 FORENSIC SCIENCE PAPER No. 11: Forensic Anthropology MODULE No. 21: Forensic Facial Reconstruction TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Learning Outcomes 2. Introduction 2.1. History 3. Types of Identification 3.1. Circumstantial Identification 3.2. Positive Identification 4. Types of Reconstruction 4.1. Two-Dimensional Reconstruction 4.2. Three- Dimensional Reconstruction 4.3. Superimposition 5. Techniques for creating facial reconstruction 6. Steps of facial reconstruction 7. Limitations of Facial Reconstruction 8. Summary FORENSIC SCIENCE PAPER No. 11: Forensic Anthropology MODULE No. 21: Forensic Facial Reconstruction 1. Learning Outcomes After studying this module, you will be able to know- About facial reconstruction About types of identification and reconstruction About various techniques of facial reconstruction and steps of facial reconstruction. About limitations of facial reconstruction 2. Introduction Amalgamation of artistry with forensic science, osteology, anatomy and anthropology to recreate the face of an individual from its skeletal remains is known as Forensic Facial reconstruction. It is also known as forensic facial approximation. It recreates the individual’s face from features of skull. It is used by anthropologists, forensic investigators and archaeologists to help in portraying historical faces, identification of victims of crime or illustrate the features if fossil human ancestors. Two and three dimensional approaches are available for facial reconstruction. In forensic science, it is one of the most controversial and subjective technique. This method is successfully used inspite of this controversy. There are two types of methods of reconstruction which are used i.e. -
A Multidisciplinary Validation Study of Nonhuman Animal Models For
The author(s) shown below used Federal funding provided by the U.S. Department of Justice to prepare the following resource: Document Title: A Multidisciplinary Validation Study of Nonhuman Animal Models for Forensic Decomposition Research Author(s): Dawnie Wolfe Steadman, Ph.D., D-ABFA Document Number: 251553 Date Received: March 2018 Award Number: 2013-DN-BX-K037 This resource has not been published by the U.S. Department of Justice. This resource is being made publically available through the Office of Justice Programs’ National Criminal Justice Reference Service. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs National Institute of Justice Grant # 2013-DN-BX-K037 A Multidisciplinary Validation Study of Nonhuman Animal Models for Forensic Decomposition Research Submitted by: Dawnie Wolfe Steadman, Ph.D., D-ABFA Director of the Forensic Anthropology Center Professor of Anthropology 865-974-0909; [email protected] DUNS: 00-388-7891 EIN: 62-6--1636 The University of Tennessee 1 Circle Park Drive Knoxville, TN 37996-0003 Recipient Account: #R011005404 Final Report This resource was prepared by the author(s) using Federal funds provided by the U.S. Department of Justice. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. Purpose and Objectives of the Project Over the past century of scientific inquiry into the process of decomposition, nearly every mammal (and other taxa) has been studied. -
The Hung Jury: Scholarly Consensus on the Value of the CSI Effect in the Future of American Justice
Intersect, Volume 3, Number 1 (2010) The Hung Jury: Scholarly Consensus on the Value of the CSI Effect in the Future of American Justice Luke Francis Georgette Stanford University Fiction is the medium through which cultures imagine their past, present, and future through new and unique lenses, reflecting our former identity and future hopes and fears. Fiction also influences our expectations for the present and our future directions; touch-panel computers, space exploration, and instantaneous wireless communication, once prophesied by science-fiction writers, are now commonplace. Naysayers may point to our lack of planetary colonization and flying cars, but these too linger in our imagination as technology continues to bring us closer to their realization. While much of fiction is art, some fiction serves merely to entertain. Some fictional universes in television are distorted for the viewer’s pleasure to tell a more intriguing story, while relying on the “suspension of disbelief.” No disclaimer is given, however, that would enable viewers to recognize which components are verisimilar and which—to put it lightly—consider reality merely a jumping-off point. Likewise, no law or moral code obligates fiction to portray the true world. These licenses, however, mean little to viewers whose understandings, beliefs, and expectations are being subconsciously molded. The American television serial drama, C.S.I.: Crime Scene Investigation, is one of such universes in which the rules of reality are bent in the name of entertainment and narrative. Since its inception in 2000, it has remained one of the most popular programs on American and international television, generating two spin-off series and inspiring several other forensic crime shows, therefore representing a true social phenomenon. -
Influences of CSI Effect, Daubert Ruling, and NAS Report on Forensic Science Practices Timothy Patrick Scanlan Walden University
Walden University ScholarWorks Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies Collection 2015 Influences of CSI Effect, Daubert Ruling, and NAS Report on Forensic Science Practices Timothy Patrick Scanlan Walden University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations Part of the Criminology Commons, Criminology and Criminal Justice Commons, Law Commons, and the Public Policy Commons This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies Collection at ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Walden University College of Social and Behavioral Sciences This is to certify that the doctoral dissertation by Timothy Scanlan has been found to be complete and satisfactory in all respects, and that any and all revisions required by the review committee have been made. Review Committee Dr. Stephen Morreale, Committee Chairperson, Public Policy and Administration Faculty Dr. Karel Kurst-Swanger, Committee Member, Public Policy and Administration Faculty Dr. James Mosko, University Reviewer, Public Policy and Administration Faculty Chief Academic Officer Eric Riedel, Ph.D. Walden University 2015 Abstract Influences of CSI Effect, Daubert Ruling, and NAS Report on Forensic Science Practices by Timothy P. Scanlan MSFS, Florida International University, 2003 BCJ, Loyola University of New Orleans, 1998 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Public Policy and Administration Walden University August 2015 Abstract The media exaggerates the capabilities of crime laboratories while it publicizes the wrongdoings of individual forensic scientists. -
Forensic Anthropology
ADJ14 Advanced Criminal Investigations Forensic Anthropology Forensic Anthropology In any field operation involving human remains, four main tasks may need to be performed: 1. Location a. Finding remains (individual, multiple, visible or buried, informant or search) 2. Mapping a. Placement of remains and associated materials must be mapped in relation to a permanent structure, set as a datum point, and location on a larger map must be pinpointed 3. Excavation a. If remains are interred, must use principles of archaeology to remove. 4. Collection a. Remains must be collected using accepted procedures and must be properly packaged for analysis. Chain of custody is vital. PRELIMINARY ISSUES “A major problem surrounding the recovery of remains is the noninvolvement of forensic anthropologists” (Byers, 2011, p. 75). Investigators often forget to collect/search for all bones – including hand or foot bones. Komar & Potter (2007) demonstrate that the rate of victim identification and determination of cause and manner of death are directly related to the proportion of the body collected on scene. Ensure a proper perimeter is set up as soon as possible. Secure the scene. Watch where you step – bones can be brittle if left in the elements. Watch time – if you are doing an excavation, you are dealing with a death. You can take your time on scene, and these scenes tend to be lengthy – there is no need to rush medical attention. LOCATING REMAINS 1. Determine the location 2. Develop a search plan that is tailored to the unique circumstances of the search area; be aware of what resources you have and what you will need. -
List of Entries
Volume 1.qxd 9/13/2005 3:29 PM Page ix GGGGG LIST OF ENTRIES Aborigines Anthropic principle Apes, greater Aborigines Anthropocentrism Apes, lesser Acheulean culture Anthropology and business Apollonian Acropolis Anthropology and Aquatic ape hypothesis Action anthropology epistemology Aquinas, Thomas Adaptation, biological Anthropology and the Third Arboreal hypothesis Adaptation, cultural World Archaeology Aesthetic appreciation Anthropology of men Archaeology and gender Affirmative action Anthropology of religion studies Africa, socialist schools in Anthropology of women Archaeology, biblical African American thought Anthropology, careers in Archaeology, environmental African Americans Anthropology, characteristics of Archaeology, maritime African thinkers Anthropology, clinical Archaeology, medieval Aggression Anthropology, cultural Archaeology, salvage Ape aggression Anthropology, economic Architectural anthropology Agricultural revolution Anthropology, history of Arctic Agriculture, intensive Future of anthropology Ardrey, Robert Agriculture, origins of Anthropology, humanistic Argentina Agriculture, slash-and-burn Anthropology, philosophical Aristotle Alchemy Anthropology, practicing Arsuaga, J. L. Aleuts Anthropology, social Art, universals in ALFRED: The ALlele FREquency Anthropology and sociology Artificial intelligence Database Social anthropology Artificial intelligence Algonquians Anthropology, subdivisions of Asante Alienation Anthropology, theory in Assimilation Alienation Anthropology, Visual Atapuerca Altamira cave -
Testing the Capability of Close-Range Photogrammetry to Document Outdoor Forensic Scenes with Skeletal Remains Using Mock Scenarios
University of Central Florida STARS Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 2018 Testing the Capability of Close-Range Photogrammetry to Document Outdoor Forensic Scenes With Skeletal Remains Using Mock Scenarios Kevin Gidusko University of Central Florida Part of the Anthropology Commons Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Masters Thesis (Open Access) is brought to you for free and open access by STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 by an authorized administrator of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STARS Citation Gidusko, Kevin, "Testing the Capability of Close-Range Photogrammetry to Document Outdoor Forensic Scenes With Skeletal Remains Using Mock Scenarios" (2018). Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019. 6026. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd/6026 TESTING THE CAPABILITY OF CLOSE-RANGE PHOTOGRAMMETRY TO DOCUMENT OUTDOOR FORENSIC SCENES WITH SKELETAL REMAINS USING MOCK SCENARIOS by KEVIN A. GIDUSKO BA Anthropology University of Central Florida, 2011 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Anthropology in the College of Science at the University of Central Florida Orlando, Florida Summer Term 2018 Major Professor: John J. Schultz © 2018 Kevin A. Gidusko ii ABSTRACT More rigorous methodological protocols are needed to document outdoor forensic scenes containing skeletal remains. However, law enforcement protocols rarely provide specific guidelines for processing these scenes. Regardless, the need to preserve contextual information at crime scenes is of paramount importance and it is worth exploring new technological applications that will allow for better documentation. -
A Look at the History of Forensic Anthropology: Tracing My Academic Genealogy
ISSN 2150-3311 JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY ANTHROPOLOGY RESEARCH ARTICLE VOLUME I 2010 ISSUE 1 A Look at the History of Forensic Anthropology: Tracing My Academic Genealogy Stephanie DuPont Golda Ph.D. Candidate Department of Anthropology University of Missouri Columbia, Missouri Copyright © Stephanie DuPont Golda A Look at the History of Forensic Anthropology: Tracing My Academic Genealogy Stephanie DuPont Golda Ph.D. Candidate Department of Anthropology University of Missouri Columbia, Missouri ABSTRACT Construction of an academic genealogy is an important component of professional socialization as well as an opportunity to review the history of subdisciplines within larger disciplines to discover transitions in the pedagogical focus of broad fields in academia. This academic genealogy surveys the development of forensic anthropology rooted in physical anthropology, as early as 1918, until the present, when forensic anthropology was recognized as a legitimate subfield in anthropology. A historical review of contributions made by members of this genealogy demonstrates how forensic anthropology progressed from a period of classification and description to complete professionalization as a highly specialized and applied area of anthropology. Additionally, the tracing of two academic genealogies, the first as a result of a master’s degree and the second as a result of a doctoral degree, allows for representation of the two possible intellectual lineages in forensic anthropology. Golda: A Look at the History of Forensic Anthropology 35 INTRODUCTION What better way to learn the history of anthropology as a graduate student than to trace your own academic genealogy? Besides, without explicit construction of my own unique, individual, ego-centered genealogy, according to Darnell (2001), it would be impossible for me to read the history of anthropology as part of my professional socialization. -
Identifying Individuals Through Proteomic Analysis: a New
The author(s) shown below used Federal funding provided by the U.S. Department of Justice to prepare the following resource: Document Title: Identifying Individuals through Proteomic Analysis: A New Forensic Tool to Rapidly and Efficiently Identify Large Numbers of Fragmentary Human Remains Author(s): City of New York, Office of Chief Medical Examiner Document Number: 254583 Date Received: March 2020 Award Number: 2014-DN-BX-K014 This resource has not been published by the U.S. Department of Justice. This resource is being made publically available through the Office of Justice Programs’ National Criminal Justice Reference Service. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. Final Summary NIJ Grant 2014-DN-BX-K014 Identifying Individuals through Proteomic Analysis: A New Forensic Tool to Rapidly and Efficiently Identify Large Numbers of Fragmentary Human Remains Final Summary: NIJ Grant 2014-DN-BX-K014, Identifying Individuals through Proteomic Analysis: A New Forensic Tool to Rapidly and Efficiently Identify Large Numbers of Fragmentary Human Remains. This summary follows the NIJ Post Award Reporting Requirements issued March 28, 2019 and is divided into the four prescribed sections: 1) Purpose, 2) Research Design & Methods, 3) Data Analysis & Findings, and 4) Implications for Criminal Justice Policy and Practice. ABBREVIATIONS ACN = Acetonitrile mse = mean square error ADD = accumulated degree days MS/MS = tandem mass -
The Role and Impact of Forensic Evidence in the Criminal Justice System, Final Report
The author(s) shown below used Federal funds provided by the U.S. Department of Justice and prepared the following final report: Document Title: The Role and Impact of Forensic Evidence in the Criminal Justice System, Final Report Author: Tom McEwen, Ph.D. Document No.: 236474 Date Received: November 2011 Award Number: 2006-DN-BX-0095 This report has not been published by the U.S. Department of Justice. To provide better customer service, NCJRS has made this Federally- funded grant final report available electronically in addition to traditional paper copies. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. Institute for Law and Justice, Inc. 1219 Prince Street, Suite 2 Alexandria, Virginia Phone: 703-684-5300 The Role and Impact of Forensic Evidence in the Criminal Justice System Final Report December 13, 2010 Prepared by Tom McEwen, PhD Prepared for National Institute of Justice Office of Justice Programs U.S. Department of Justice This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S.