Presented By:

Crowne Plaza Johannesburg – The Rosebank

Dear Colleagues,

Welcome to Africa in the World, the second American Anthropological Association (AAA) and African Studies Association (ASA) co-sponsored conference! Africa in the World could not have happened without our gracious South African partners including the University of Witwatersrand City Institute (WCI), Thabo Mbeki African Leadership Institute at the University of South Africa (TMALI), University of Pretoria, Department of Political Sciences (UPPS), and Anthropology Southern African (ASnA). Preparation for this conference began well over a year ago with staff from the AAA and ASA teaming with local partners to choose venues and event themes. In addition, a number of scholars agreed to present research and chair panels. We want to begin by extending our thanks to all those who worked diligently behind the scenes to make this second conference possible!

We developed the conference theme “Shifting Boundaries of Knowledge Production about Africa,” based on our desire to honor the frameworks and topical interests of scholars working on the continent. “Being Young in Africa,” “Shifting Urban Landscapes,” “Arts and Popular Culture,” “Transformative Technologies,” are just a sample of the panel topics that honor some of the most dynamic contemporary research within African Studies today. We also wanted to situate conversations about the continent as global concerns, rather than simply local concerns, given the historical roots and routes that have shaped Africa for thousands of years and continue to shape the continent.

With the help of many scholars, we happily read the abstracts of numerous Africanists from all over the world. Unfortunately, we could not accept all the proposals, but we have done our best to include as many scholars as possible. To that end, we once again have introduced flash presentations as a dynamic way to help facilitate the dissemination of as much scholarship as possible.

We hope people will take advantage of this conference to forge new friendships and expand scholarly networks. Additionally, we encourage everyone to try to tour parts of Johannesburg in order to get a sense of its history, culture, and intellectual life. Finally, we want to thank everyone who has taken the time and effort to participate in Africa in the World. Your work is what makes African Studies such a robust field and we look forward to learning from you!

Sincerely,

Carolyn Rouse and Fallou Ngom Conference Co-Chairs

Table of Contents

Conference Organizations………………………………………………………..……ii

Welcome Message from Co-Sponsoring Organizations………………….iv

Special Events……………………………………………..………………………………..v

Social Media……………………………………………….…….…………………………..v

Getting Around Johannesburg and Other Useful Information………..v

Program Agenda Sessions…………………………………………………………………………………..1 Workshops………………………………………………………………………………9

Abstracts Papers, Posters/Artifacts, and Flash Presentations………………..10 Roundtables…………………………………………………………………………..51 Workshops…………………………………………………………………………….53

Presenter Index…………………………………………………………………………..57

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Notes

Conference Organization

Conference Planning Committee Anne Pitcher, Past-President Carolyn Rouse, Co-Chair Kathleen Sheldon, Treasurer Fallou Ngom, Co-Chair Nwando Achebe Ousseina Alidou Aderonke Adesola Adesanya Dorothy Hodgson Mary Jane Deeb Mariane Ferme Bessie House – Soremekum Divine Fuh Sean Jacobs Claudia Gastrow Ruth Murambadoro Hsain Ilahiane Ebenezer Obadare Tim Longman Cyril Obi Ramah McKay Derek R. Peterson Gwen Mikell Jennifer Yanco Nolwazi Mkhwanazi Mahiri Mwita Staff Michael Ralph Suzanne Moyer Baazet, Executive Director Ousmane Sene Renee DeLancey, Program Manager

Reviewers American Anthropological Association Ousseina Alidou Board of Directors Elias Bongmba Alex Barker, President Divine Fuh Akhil Gupta, President-elect Claudia Gastrow Edmund “Ted” Hamann, Treasurer Euclides Goncalves Susana Narotzky, Secretary Betty Harris Rick Feinberg, Section Convener Dorothy Hodgson Jocelyn Ahlers Hsain Ilahiane Anna Agbe-Davies Tim Longman Kathryn Clancy Gwen Mikell Cathy Costin Nolwazi Mkhwanazi Mark Hauser Mahiri Mwita Christina Garsten Paul Nkwi Carolyn Lesorogol Mwenda Ntarangwi Ellen Lewin Anne Pitcher Saira Mehmood Aly Tandian Jemima Pierre Richard Werbner David Simmons Michael Watts Pamela Stone Nathaniel Tashima

Co-Sponsoring Organizations Staff Edward Liebow, Executive Director African Studies Association Ushma J. Suvarnakar, Director, Meetings and Board of Directors Conferences Jean Allman, President Maria Grosz-Ngate, Vice-President

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Anthropology Southern Africa (AnSA) Phoebe Mushwana, PA to Head of TMALI Executive Council Tshepo Neito, Marketing & Communications Helen Macdonald, President Specialist Owen Sichone, Vice-President Serges Djoyou Kamga, Associate Professor Andre Goodrich, Treasurer Samuel Oloruntuba, Senior Lecturer Christian Williams, Secretary Edith Phaswana, Senior Lecturer Hemali Joshi, Member Richard Obinna Iroanya, Post-Doctoral Fellow Tarminder Kaur, Postdoctoral member Paul Tembe, Post-Doctoral Fellow Ilana van Wyk, ASnA Journal Editor Sonja Geyer, Administrative Officer: Short Learning Programmes University of Pretoria, Department of Political Stevens Mohapi, Administrative Officer: Short Sciences Learning Programmes University of Pretoria Chancellor Kennoton Mkansi, Administrative Officer: Short Wiseman Nkuhlu, Chancellor, University of Learning Programmes Pretoria Hlengiwe Khuzwayo, Administrative Officer: Permanent Staff General and Financial Support Siphamandla Zondi, Professor and Head of Victoria Qhobosheane, Researcher Department Maxi Schoeman, Professor University of Witwatersrand, Wits City Institute Lorenzo Fioramonti, Professor (WCI) Roland Henwood, Lecturer Wits Chancellor Gerard Wolmarans, Lecturer The Honourable Justice Dikgang Moseneke, Sithembile Mbete, Lecturer Chancellor, Wits University Safiyya Goga, Lecturer Staff Rina du Toit, Departmental Secretary Noëleen Murray, Director/Research Chair - A.W. Contract Full Time Staff Mellon Critical Architecture and Urbanism Laurie Nathan, Extraordinary Professor and Farah-Naaz Moosa, Project Administrator Director, Centre for Mediation in Africa Christine Bischoff, Project Manager Renita Pretorius, Lecturer Departmental Fellows and Associates Henning Melber, Extraordinary Professor Conference Sponsors T Murithi, Research Associate Ambassador JF Mutton African Studies Association (ASA) Cori Wielenga, Research Fellow American Anthropological Association (AAA) Gabila Nubong, Post-Doctoral Fellow Anthropology Southern Africa (AnSA) University of Pretoria, Department of Political University of South Africa, Thabo Mbeki African Sciences Leadership Institute (UNISA TMALI) University of South Africa, Thabo Mbeki African UNISA Chancellor Leadership Institute (UNISA Thabo Mbeki, UNISA Chancellor and former TMALI) President of South Africa University of Witwatersrand, Wits City Institute Staff (WCI) Vusi Gumede, Professor and Head of TMALI

Africa in the World: Shifting Boundaries and Knowledge Production Page iii

Welcome Message from Co-Sponsoring Organizations

Dear Colleagues / Chèr(e)s collègues – As the co-sponsoring organizations, we would like to add our warmest welcome as we greet old friends and make new ones. In the next of a series of biennial scholarly exchanges, we come together once again, as we did in Dakar in 2016, on the African continent to celebrate the interdisciplinary connections that help us situate the locus of knowledge production about Africa’s contemporary successes and challenges. The exciting program examines relevant frameworks and practical approaches to the study of Africa’s past, present, and future, drawing on work across the humanities and social sciences, from historiography, literature, linguistics, anthropology, politics, and technological transformations to art and popular culture. Please accept our heartfelt thanks for your participation!

En tant qu'organisateurs, nous souhaitons accueillir chaleureusement nos anciens amis et en créer de nouveaux. Dans le cadre d'une série d'échanges universitaires biennaux, nous nous réunissons à nouveau, comme à Dakar en 2016, sur le continent africain pour célébrer les liens interdisciplinaires qui nous aident à situer le lieu de production des connaissances sur les succès et défis contemporains de l'Afrique. Le programme passionnant examine les cadres pertinents et les approches pratiques de l'étude du passé, du présent et du futur de l'Afrique, en s'appuyant sur les sciences humaines et sociales: historiographie, littérature, linguistique, anthropologie, politique, transformations technologiques, art et culture populaire. Merci d'accepter nos sincères remerciements pour votre participation!

Suzanne Edward Liebow Noëleen Murray Vusi Gumede Siphamandla Zondi Helen MacDonald Moyer-Baazet ASA AAA Wits City Institute, Thabo Mbeki University of Anthropology University of the African Leadership Pretoria Southern Africa Witwatersrand Institute at UNISA

Page iv Africa in the World: Shifting Boundaries and Knowledge Production Reception

The reception will be held at the Wits Origins Centre Saturday, May 26, with book exhibits presented by local press exhibitors: Wits University Press and Blue Weaver.

Mingle and network at this reception with delicious hors-d’oeuvres, cocktails, and a dazzling backdrop of handcrafted hanging panels in the Tapestry Room on Saturday evening at conference partner the University of Witwatersrand’s Origins Centre. The Museum provides visitors with a unique experience of Africa’s rich, complex heritage and boasts an extensive collection of rock art from the Wits Rock Art Research Institute. The reception will include welcome messages from Dr. Edward Liebow, Executive Director of AAA, Suzanne Moyer-Baazet, Executive Director of ASA, Professor Tawana Kupe, Acting Vice- Chancellor, University of the Witwatersrand, and Professor Noëleen Murray, Director, Wits City Institute. Buses will depart from the lobby at 6:30pm.

Closing Session

An exciting Closing Session will be held on Sunday, May 27, with a very special guest appearance by former President of South Africa, Thabo Mbeki.

Moderated by Conference Co-Chair Carolyn Rouse, this captivating closing session, beginning at 4pm and concluding at 6pm, features Mahmood Mamdani, Muna Ndulo, Adebayo Olukoshi, Toyin Falola, Funmi Olonisakin, Dr. Rachel Mukamunana, and Former President Thabo Mbeki.

Social Media

We are delighted that our conference partners have designated Student Ambassadors who comprise the Africa in the World social media team:

• Anelisa Funani, UNISA, Thabo Mbeki African Leadership Institute • Blaykyi Kenyah, Princeton University • Qhawe Plaatjie, University of Johannesburg • Venolia Rabodiba, University of Witswatersrand • Gabe Vermeulen, University of Pretoria

Don’t miss their blog entries on the Africa in the World conference website, and please do kindly join them in helping us to promote this monumental event on social media. The official hashtag of the conference is #AfricaInTheWorld2018 and we strongly encourage you to share photos, commentary, and your overall experience via Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, and other social media platforms of interest to you. You can also follow the conference organizers on Twitter: @AmericanAnthro, @asanewsonline, @TMALIunisa, @WitsUniversity, @UPTuks and on Facebook: Anthropology Southern Africa.

Getting Around Johannesburg and Other Useful Information

Banking While the Crowne Plaza does not offer an atm machine onsite at the hotel, there are several ATMs located

Africa in the World: Shifting Boundaries and Knowledge Production Page v

at the Rosebank shopping mall (https://www.rosebankmall.co.za/), which is less than a five minute walk from the hotel and includes many shops and restaurants. The banks that provide the ATMs at the Rosebank shopping mall are: Nedbank, ABSA, Standard Bank, FNB and Capitec. Bank branch hours for these banks are typically 9am-4pm and are located at the Rosebank shopping mall and throughout Johannesburg.

Fitness Facility There is a fitness center onsite at the Crowne Plaza which includes a treadmill, stationary bike, elliptical and weight machines. Your hotel room key is required to access the gym, which can be used at any time.

Ground Transportation The Crowne Plaza has an onsite Travel Desk where all transport can be arranged and booked directly with the hotel. The Travel Desk can also be reached by email: [email protected]. The Travel Desk’s transport cars have the name of the travel company on the doors, “PPS-Professional Passenger Service.” Fares are charged by the distance that will be traveled, and are a set price. When booking with the Travel Desk the charges can be posted to your guest room account and settled at check out with your final bill. Uber operates widely in South Africa in the same manner as the company operates throughout the world. The Gautrain is the rapid railway system that connects major points in and around Johannesburg. A Gautrain card costs R16 ($1.20). Rea Vaya bus fares start at R7 ($0.50) while a smartcard costs R28 ($2) and needs to be topped up to travel.

Internet/Sim Cards Guests at the Crowne Plaza can request a residency letter from the reception desk, which must be presented along with your passport at any of the mobile network shops (MTN, Cell C, Vodacom) at the Rosebank shopping mall. High speed wifi is provided at the hotel. The nearest Wi-Fi access offsite is the Starbucks at the Rosebank shopping mall. Most restaurants and fast food stalls offer Wi-Fi to their patrons.

Local Restaurants (this list is by no means exhaustive!) Cafe del Sol (Italian) Said to be one of the best Italian restaurants in town, Cafe del Sol‘s menu is a thorough and delicious exploration of Italy’s rich gastronomy. Enjoy a dish of utterly delectable, house-made pasta for an indulgent lunch, or choose Cafe del Sol for an intimate dinner illuminated by the candlelight. While the delicious Italian fare satiates your appetite, let the meaningful quotes found throughout the venue of figures such as Buddha, Nelson Mandela and Albert Einstein provide you with food for thought and solace for your soul. Every great city comes with a great Italian restaurant, and Johannesburg has Cafe del Sol. Cafe Del Sol, Olivedale Corner Shopping Centre, Randburg, Johannesburg, South Africa Tel: +27 11 704 6493

DW 11-13 (Local Cuisine) After years of experience in the UK and South Africa, in 2009 chef Marthinus Ferreira eventually established his own restaurant in Johannesburg, DW 11-13. Here, Ferreira pampers his guests, receiving them in a modernly elegant dining room with a menu of creative dishes firmly founded on local cuisine. Recipes like the hammed kroon duck, the oxtail wellington or the roasted hake make this one of the best fine-dining restaurants in Jo’burg. If you’re looking for a more casual dinner, join the restaurant’s Grazing Room alongside the many youngsters who flock to this venue, and feast on Spanish tapas showcased in the menu.

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DW 11 – 13, Dunkeld West Shopping Centre, Cnr Jan Smuts & Bompass Street, Dunkeld West, Johannesburg, South Africa Tel: +27 11 341 0663

District Six Eatery (Traditional Cape Malay) Before Apartheid, Cape Town’s historic District Six was predominantly inhabited by locals; but in the 1960s, the buildings were razed to the ground and the neighborhood’s population was displaced to make space for whites. Although located in Johannesburg, District Six Eatery celebrates the original spirit of this area of South Africa, serving homely, traditional Cape Malay fare in a lively and joyful atmosphere. Old family pictures and Panama hats hang on the colorful walls and overlook the cheerful clientele, who join this small but unique restaurant to have a good time in like-minded company and enjoy such delicacies as bredie (mutton stew), bobotie (spiced mince meat pie) and koeksisters (doughnuts coated with syrup). District Six Eatery, 42 Greenhill Rd, Randburg 2195, Johannesburg, South Africa Tel: +27 11 486 7226

Five Hundred (Fine Dining, Locally Sourced Ingredients) At Five Hundred, cookery is artistry. Part of Johannesburg’s luxurious Saxon hotel, this fine-dining restaurant sweeps gourmets off their feet with an array of carefully elaborated and exquisite dishes, prepared with fresh, local ingredients, some sourced directly from the hotel’s own vegetable garden. Highlights from the fixed four or six-course menus include the scrumptious impala loin with pumpkin seeds, sweet potatoes and ginger beer, or the roasted monkfish with lemon thyme and dried courgette. For the best experience, book the private dining room and watch on while Five Hundred’s talented chefs prepare your meal under your longing eyes. Five Hundred at the Saxon, 36 Saxon Road, Sandhurst, Johannesburg, South Africa Tel: +27 11 292 6000

Koi (Asian) Choose Koi for a delicious Asian dinner in Johannesburg. Koi is known for a surprising fusion of Japanese and Chinese cuisine with influences inspired by Western fare. The restaurant blends Oriental allure with the layout of a fast-food diner, managing to accommodate its numerous customers while still maintaining a pleasant ambiance. Koi’s outlets are widely regarded as some of the best spots in Johannesburg to taste great sushi; and Rosebank’s Koi, in particular, boasts a delightful outdoor lounge for a charming al fresco dining experience. Koi Rosebank, The Firs Shopping Centre, Cnr Cradock & Biermann Avenues, Rosebank, Johannesburg, South Africa Tel: +27 11 447 2440

Mythos (Greek) Mythos brings the Mediterranean flavours of Greek cuisine to all food lovers in Johannesburg. The menu offers a remarkably varied spread of typically Greek delights, like the kleftiko (lamb shank with roasted potatoes), the biftekia (mince meat patties) or the pastitsio (oven-baked macaroni). But Mythos’s strongest draw is its rich selection of meze dishes, available in meat, fish and vegetarian options – vegetarians are particularly catered for in this restaurant. A local franchise, Mythos is open at multiple locations throughout Johannesburg, all beautifully bright and airy, but each one with unique traits. The branch in Design Quarter, with navy blue accents and a keen maritime vibe, is a favorite. Mythos, Design Quarter, Corner Of William Nicole & Leslie Road, Fourways, Sandton, Johannesburg, South Africa Tel: +27 11 465 3468

Africa in the World: Shifting Boundaries and Knowledge Production Page vii

Tasha’s (Sophisticated yet homely and welcoming) Tasha’s is a prominent chain of ten eateries located throughout South Africa established by skilled restaurateur Natasha Sideris, a household name in the Rainbow Nation’s cooking industry. All Tasha’s cafes offer a range of simple but fresh and delicious bites (salads, sandwiches, tramezzini, omelettes, quesadillas), which makes them a preferred choice for a satisfying brunch or lunch. One of the fundamental elements on which Tasha’s concept is based is that each store should have its own style and spirit. This explains why every café in the chain is uniquely decorated – the branch in Johannesburg’s Rosebank features a beige to brown palette, books hanging from the ceiling on a long, quaint wood table, and more generally a relaxing and delightful ambiance. Truly a little gem of a café in Johannesburg. Tashas, G28, The Zone Rose Bank, Cnr Oxford & Tyrwhitt Ave, Johannesburg, South Africa Tel: +27 11 447 7972

The Grillhouse (Meats) Treat yourself like a pro – book a table at The Grillhouse for a top-level dining experience. The Grillhouse offers an outstanding selection of succulent meat dishes prepared with prime, incredibly tasty meat, from t-bone steaks and mouth-watering rib eye, to lamb cutlets and venison meat. Brick walls, parqueted floors, discreet lights and geometric wine cellars give this upscale restaurant a beautifully rustic look and feel, the perfect vibe to complement the exquisite grilled meats. Don’t forget to hop in at the contiguous Katzy’s, The Grillhouse’s exclusive club. The Grillhouse, Shop 70, The First/ Hyatt Shopping Centre, Cnr Oxford Road & Bierman Avenue, Rosebank, Johannesburg, South Africa Tel: +27 11 880 3945

Medical Services As Johannesburg provides good, though often pricey, medical services it is wise to purchase healthcare coverage before you arrive.

Netcare Rosebank Hospital is a private hospital in the northern suburbs, near the Crown Plaza, with casualty (emergency), GP and specialist services. The Rosebank hospital is located at 14 Sturdee Ave, Rosebank, Johannesburg, 2132, is open 24 hours, and can be reached by telephone at +27 11 328 0500.

Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Hospital is Jo’burg’s main public hospital. This Wits University hospital is located at 5 Jubilee Rd, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2196, is open 24 hours, and can be reached by telephone at +27 11 488 4911.

Clicks Pharmacy at Rosebank Shopping Mall Located at 50 Bath Ave & Baker Street, Rosebank, just a five minute walk from the hotel, this nearby pharmacy is very conveniently located and can be reach by telephone at +27 11 268 0033.

Things to Do and See Here are some of Jo’burg’s attractions that you may not want to miss!

Visit the Apartheid Museum The Apartheid Museum in Johannesburg opened in 2001 and is acknowledged as the pre-eminent museum in the world dealing with 20th century South Africa, at the heart of which is the apartheid story. Northern Park Way and Gold Reef Rd, Johannesburg, 2001

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The Cradle of Humankind, a World Heritage Site A major tourist attraction in South Africa, the Cradle of Humankind is one of eight World Heritage Sites in South Africa (the only one in Gauteng) and is renowned as the place where humankind originated. It is here that the first hominid, Australopithecus, was found in 1924 at Taung in the North West Province by Professor Raymond Dart of the University of the Witwatersrand. For those wanting to experience the birthplace of humankind firsthand, the official visitor centres for the Cradle of Humankind, Maropeng and the Sterkfontein Caves, are within an easy hour’s drive from Johannesburg.

Get a panoramic view of the inner city from The Carlton Centre Visit the tallest building in Africa for unmatched, panoramic views of the City of Gold. At 223 metres (732ft) the building towers over downtown Johannesburg. Carlton Centre, Marshalltown

Check out the street art Johannesburg’s street art scene is expanding by the day as artists from all over the globe color the city’s walls, buildings and streets. Book a street art tour to ensure you see as much as possible.

Sip on cocktails at The Living Room rooftop bar Enjoy a lazy weekend afternoon sipping cocktails and tasting craft beer at the vibrant Living Room rooftop bar in Maboneng. The rooftop is filled with plants, creating a relaxing atmosphere in contrast to the urban surroundings. The Living Room, 20 Kruger Street, Main Change Building, Maboneng Precinct

Enjoy nature at the Melville Koppies Nature Reserve Hiking the Melville Koppies Nature Reserve is a popular pastime and offers breath taking scenery. The Nature Reserve is also a heritage site and its geology dates back three billion years. Melville Koppies Nature Reserve, 4 Judith Road, Emmarentia

Take a tour of Soweto Soweto, short for South Western Township, is a large informal settlement just outside of Johannesburg. A tour of Soweto includes a visit to the Hector Pieterson Museum and Freedom Square, as well as a stop by the home of Nobel Peace Prize winner Archbishop Emeritus Desmond Tutu. Be sure to stop by the museum of Nelson Mandela’s Soweto home, located at 8115 Vilakazi St, Orlando West, Soweto, 1804.

Catch a show at the Soweto Theatre Check out one of the amazing musical or theatrical productions for a culture-filled evening. The theatre was only established in 2012 but has already become an icon of local art and entertainment. Soweto Theatre, Cnr. Bolani Road and Bolani Link, Jabulani, Soweto

See the stars at the WITS Planetarium The WITS Planetarium opened in 1960 and was the first complete planetarium in Africa. The planetarium hosts educational programmes for children and adults and cost as little as R35. WITS Planetarium, University of the Witwatersrand, Yale Road, East Campus, Braamfontein Browse local artisanal products at Neighbourgoods Market Don’t miss Neighbourgoods Market where you can grab an artisanal breakfast and then soak in the friendly atmosphere while browsing the stalls. Neighbourgoods Market, 73 Juta Street, Braamfontein

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Experience African Cultures at Lesedi Cultural Village The village is a homestead of five traditional dwellings inhabited by Zulu, Xhosa, Pedi, Basotho and Ndebele tribes who live according to tribal folklore and the traditions of their ancestors. Lesedi Cultural Village, Kalkheuwel, Broederstroom, R512

Listen to live jazz at The Orbit The Orbit’s bustling atmosphere and modern setting makes it the best spot in town (if not in the country) to listen to live jazz. The Orbit, 81 De Korte Street, Braamfontein

See the best of local art at The Goodman Gallery The Goodman Gallery, established in 1966, is a beautiful art gallery which showcases the best of the local art scene. The gallery has since its inception offered a non-discriminatory platform for artists to display innovative and controversial pieces. The Goodman Gallery, 163 Jan Smuts Avenue, Parkwood Shopping at Sandton City About a 20 minute drive from the hotel, Sandton City is a one-of-a-kind premier fashion and leisure destination. It's an energetic hub of Afro-cosmopolitan glamour - international shopping with South African flair. 163 5th St, Sandhurst, Sandton, 2196

Safety Most visits to Johannesburg are trouble-free but it is important to note the following precautions: • The city center, once a no-go area, is fine during the day. However, large parts of it are best avoided at night– take a taxi if you go there after dark and stay in a group. • Pickpockets are alive and well in the city so keep your belongings close to your body and passports and other documents locked away in your accommodation’s safe. • The surrounding neighborhoods of Braamfontein, Ferreirasdorp, Newtown and Maboneng are generally busy at night and safe to visit – just be vigilant when walking back to your car. • It is advisable to explore Hillbrow and Yeoville with a guide – even during the day.

Please make note of these precautions when driving in Johannesburg: • Be alert to possible robbery when stopped at traffic lights after dark – don't wind down windows to give change to beggars. • Watch out for the erratic behaviour of other drivers –you'll soon realize why there are so many car crashes on Jo'burg's roads. • Avoid driving along bus lanes as this can incur a fine. • There are many one-way streets and street signs are not always clear – check your route carefully before setting off.

*Information compiled through Lonelyplanet.com, Culture Trip and the Crowne Plaza Hotel concierge.

Page x Africa in the World: Shifting Boundaries and Knowledge Production Friday, May 25 Saturday, May 26

8am Registration Opens 8am Registration

8:30am-9:50am 8:30am Welcome Address Tour 1: “Local” and “Global” Cultural Time Zones in Braamfontein (Separate 8:30-10am Ticket required) Welcome Address by Conference Co- Chair: Carolyn Rouse and 2018 Africa in 10am-11:15am the World Conference Partner Tour 2: Africa’s Contribution to World Organizations Knowledge: Diversifying Narratives in the Dalasi/Pula Wits Origins Centre (Separate Ticket required) Carolyn Rouse, Conference Co-Chair Princeton University 11:35am-12:50pm Tour 3: Constitution Hill: A View from the Suzanne Moyer Baazet, Executive Director African Studies Association Hilltop (Separate Ticket required) Edward Liebow, Executive Director 1-2pm American Anthroplogical Assocation Tour 4: Current Exhibits from the University of the Witwatersrand’s Art Hemali Joshi, Council Member, Anthropology Collection (Separate Ticket required) Southern Africa and Instructional Designer, University of Johannesburg 4pm Buses depart from Crowne Plaza to University of South Africa in Vusi Gumede, Director, Thabo Mbeki African Pretoria Leadership Institute, University of South Africa

7-8pm Noëleen Murray, Director, Wits City Institute, 9th Annual 2018 Thabo Mbeki Africa Day University of the Witwatersrand and Research Chair - A.W. Mellon Critical Architecture and Lecture Urbanism University of South Africa in Pretoria Siphamandla Zondi, Head, Department of Political Sciences, University of Pretoria 8:15pm Buses depart from University of South Africa to Crowne Plaza 10am Break

10:30am Breakout Sessions

Africa in the World: Shifting Boundaries and Knowledge Production Page 1 10:30am-12:30pm Shifting Urban Landscapes (Chair: Claudia Being Young in Africa (Chair: Divine Fuh, Gastrow, University of Johannesburg) CODESRIA) Nafka Dalasi/Pula Brittany Birberick, University of California, Selah Agaba, University of Wisconsin, Madison Berkeley Adolescent Sexuality, Desire, and Pregnancy: A Time in the Factory: A Temporality of View from the Margins Transformation in Post-Apartheid Johannesburg

Elene Cloete, University of Kansas Caitlin Blaser Mapitsa, Centre for Learning on “Go Big or Go Home”: Corporate Investment Evaluation and Results Initiatives among South African Youth Co-author: Tara Polzer Ngwato, Social Surveys Mary Danielle Mpalirwa, Carleton University Africa “Knowing ‘Her’ Status”: Sex, Gender, and Reframing Social Cohesion: Lessons from Public Women’s Rights in HIV and AIDs Campaigns, Sector Evaluations Lesotho Till Förster, University of Basel Sibahle Ndwayana, Anthropology Southern Africa Seeing African Cities: New Urbanites – New Subject Par Excellence – Generativity in Cityscapes? Subjectivity: An Ethnography of Ownership In A Market In Central Johannesburg Ruth Sacks, University of Witwatersrand, Wits City Institute Emily Stratton, Indiana University The City Can Speak for Itself: Independence Era 'In God We Trust': Economic Aspirations, Constructions in Kinshasa (Drc) Transnational Imaginaries, and Popular Religion among Youth in Accra, Ghana Migration to, from, and within Africa (Chair: Michael Ralph, New York Environmental Challenges in the Age of University) Climate Change (Chair: Gwen Mikell, Cedi Georgetown University) Kwacha Eva Dick, German Development Institute/Deutsches Institut für Joshua Garoon, University of Wisconsin, Madison Entwicklungspolitik (DIE) The Nature of Success: The Making of Ecological Co-author: Benjamin Schraven, German Citizens Around Zambia's North Luangwa Development Institute/Deutsches Institut für National Park Entwicklungspolitik (DIE) Regional Cooperation on Migration and Betty J. Harris, University of Oklahoma, Norman Mobility: Experiences from Two African Regions Cape Town Drought: Ecological Crisis Terry-Ann Jones, Fairfield University Wendell Moore, UNISA Sub-Saharan African Migration to South Africa Criminal, Medicinal and Industrial? Unpacking Cannabis Narratives By Providing An Agrarian Grasian Mkodzongi, Tropical Africa-Land and Alternative Natural Resources Research Institute Regional Mobilities, Livelihoods and Violence in the Resources Sector: The Case of Zimbabwean

Page 2 Africa in the World: Shifting Boundaries and Knowledge Production Zama Zama Miners on South Africa’s Old Rand Samuel Mark Anderson, New York University Abu Mines Dhabi Shifting Past Violence: Mystic Arts as a Model Khanyile Mlotshwa, University of Kwazulu-Natal for Post-War Transformation in Sierra Leone (UKZN) Reflections on Black African Subjectivity and Ritu Khanduri, University of Texas, Arlington Rethinking Johannesburg as a Postcolonial and Gandhi, Satyagraha and Political Cartoons in Diaspora City South Africa

Nereida Ripero Muñiz, University of the Janet Purdy, The Pennsylvania State University Witwatersrand Carved Swahili Doors As Gateways of Status, The Port and the Island. The Dynamics of Trade, and Transaction in East Africa Identity and Placemaking among the Somali Janne Rantala, University of the Western Cape Diaspora in Nairobi and Johannesburg Rap, Political Ancestors and Power of the Weak

Sarah Van Beurden, The Ohio State University Roundtable: Publish that Article! How to The Zairian Avant-Garde: Modes of African Address an African Studies Audience and Modernism in the Context of the Global South Beyond (Moderator: Benjamin Lawrance, ASA African Studies Review Editor) Leslie Witz, University of the Western Cape Dinar Portuguese Discovery of Brown V. Board of Education: Undoing and Redoing A Museum of Panelists: Maxim Bolt, University of Birmingham; World History in Africa Divine Fuh, CODESRIA; Claudia Gastrow, University of Johannesburg; Benjamin Lawrance, Local Conflicts/Global Insecurities (Chair: ASA African Studies Review Editor; Shannon Ramah McKay, University of Morreira, University of Cape Town & Pennsylvania) Anthropology Southern Africa; Sean Redding, Kwacha Amherst College Bukola Oyeniyi, Missouri State University 12:30pm Lunch Technology: Negotiating Tomorrow’s Armed Fresh Restaurant Conflict and Terrorism in West Africa

1:30pm Breakout Sessions Serena Stein, Princeton University Seeds, Weeds, Settlers and Thieves: 1:30-3:30pm Ethnographic Reflections on Land Conflict and Arts and Popular Culture (Chair: Mahiri Future Conviviality in Mozambique Mwita, Princeton University) Dalasi/Pula Cori Wielenga, University of Pretoria Co-authors: Chenal Matshaka, University of Osei Alleyne, University of Pennsylvania Pretoria & Ruth Murambadaro, University of Dancehall Diaspora: Roots, Routes & Reggae Pretoria Music in Ghana Justice On the Margins: Transitional, Tradition- Based and Transboundary Justice in Africa

Africa in the World: Shifting Boundaries and Knowledge Production Page 3 The Shifting Boundaries of Women in Denis Mwiba, University of Livingstonia Society (Chair: Ousseina Alidou, Rutgers Medicine Killings, Abduction of People with Albinism and Wealth Creation in Malawi: A University) History, 1850s-2016 Nafka Devaka Premawardhana, Colorado College Ezinwanyi Adam, Babcock University When Pentecostalism Fails: Religious Shifting Cultural Boundaries of African Women's Deconversion in Northern Mozambique Attainment of Mother/Womanhood in Selected Narratives Noah Tamarkin, Ohio State University/WiSER Ellen Hebden, University of Wisconsin, Madison Indigenous African Jewishness and Religion as a Compromising Beauties: Contesting and Site of Knowledge Production Controlling Gender Hierarchies Within Women's Competitive Tufo Dancing in Northern 3:30pm Break Mozambique 4pm Breakout Sessions and Flash Shannon Morreira, University of Cape Town & Presentations Anthropology Southern Africa Ritual, Undone: Contesting Gendered Traditions 4pm-6pm and Re-Making Knowledge in Zimbabwe Global Health on the Continent: Jessica Ott, Michigan State University Continuing Challenges (Chairs: Nolwazi Negotiating the Past in the Present: Zanzibari Mkhwanazi, University of the Women’s Rights Activism as a Patchwork of Witwatersrand) Pan-African, Pan-Islamic, and Transnational Kwacha Connections Ademola Fayemi, University of Lagos & University The Shifting Narratives on Religion in of Johannesburg Africa (Chair: Michael Ralph, New York Rights, Women and Health in Nigeria University) Aaron Hale, Fourah Bay College (F.B.C.) & Cedi University of Sierra Leone Co-author: Fredline M'Cormack-Hale, Seton Hall Ndubuisi Ezeluomba, Virginia Museum of Fine University Arts Old Wine in New Bottles? Healthcare in Post- Co-author: John Agberia, University of Port Ebola Sierra Leone Harcourt Belief and Belonging: Changing Social Cultural Stephen McIsaac, University of California, Landscape of Southern Nigeria Berkeley Postcolonial Predicaments and Knowledge Maria Frahm-Arp, University of Johannesburg Production in South African Community Re-Thinking Weber and Pentecostal Charismatic Psychiatry Evangelical (Pce) Churches in South Africa Ramah McKay, University of Pennsylvania Casey Golomski, University of New Hampshire Making Care (Multiple) in Maputo: Situating 'Straights Can't Enjoy Others Like Them': Sexual “Global” Health in the City Identity in A Southern African Gay and Lesbian Pentecostal Church

Page 4 Africa in the World: Shifting Boundaries and Knowledge Production Abby Neely, Dartmouth College Roundtable: China and Industrialisation in Understanding Global Health from the Africa (Moderator: Vusi Gumede, UNISA) Homestead: Knowledge-Being in Multiple Cedi Worlds

Adeola Oni-Orisan, University of California, San Panelists: Vusi Gumede, UNISA; Akhona Francisco & University of California, Berkeley Nkenkana, UNISA; Dikeledi Mokoena, UNISA; The Joys of Childbirth: A Poetics of Maternal Kwesi D.L.S. Prah, East China Normal University; Death and Survival in Nigeria Victoria Qhobosheane, UNISA; Anelisa Funani, UNISA Amrita Pande, University of Cape Town Gendered Bio-Responsibilities and Traveling Egg Flash Presentations (Chair: Dorothy Providers from South Africa Hodgson, Rutgers University) Dalasi/Pula Transformative Technologies (Chairs: Hsain Ilahiane, University of Kentucky) Raquel Baker, California State University Channel Nafka Islands Aching Whiteness: Siphiwo Mahala’s “White Olajide Oloyede, University of the Western Cape Encounters” and the Unfinished Project of Shifting Boundaries: The Academic Journal as a Decolonization Technology of Transformation in Africa Bitwoded Dagnaw, University of Gondar Elizabeth Pfeiffer, Rhode Island College The Economic and Socio-Cultural Sources, Optimistic Frictions: Eradicating Aids and Consequences and Intervention Mechanisms of (Re)Negotiating Gender Relations in Kenya Revenge in Amhara National Regional State: The Case of Denbia District. Richard Schroeder, Rutgers University Remote Control: Conservation Surveillance and Gabby Dlamini, University of Witwatersrand Technologies of Power Are they Living Fake Lives on Social Media?

Tezera Tazebew, University of Gondar Ana Maria Duarte, Instituto Superior Politécnico Can the Subaltern Be Global? African Lusíada de Benguela Perspectives on the Structure of Globalization The Real Financial System in Benguela (Angola) - The Case of Kixikila Women Robert Thornton, University of the Witwatersrand Adrienne Lemon, Search for Common Ground Artisanal Craft and Expert Knowledge in Africa: Social Media in Democracy: The New Voices The Neglected Role of Specialised and That Emerged during Burundi’s Elections Individualised Knowledge Practices Mezgebu Mengistie, Addis Ababa University, Erin Torkelson, University of California, Berkeley Department of Social Anthropology Life on an Installment Plan: Social Grants, Debt Determining the Fate of Children: Child and South Africa Socialization Through Oral Traditions in Amhara Region, North Western Ethiopia

Africa in the World: Shifting Boundaries and Knowledge Production Page 5

Bukola Oyeniyi, Missouri State University 10:30am-12:30pm Modeling Internal Migration in Africa: The The Changing Roles of Media, Civil Question of Data Generation Society, and Activism (Chair: Tim & Longman, Boston University) Internal Migration and Housing Market in Nigeria Nafka

Nadia Sasso, Cornell University Tenford Chitanana, University of Technology, Am I: Too African to be American, Too American Sydney to Be African? Subaltern Voices and the New Hegemony. Performance, Digital Media and Activism in Christal Spel, University of Helsinki, Finland Zimbabwe Pan-Africanism and Migration Management in Africa Ella Duncan, Search for Common Ground Who Says When?: Community Defined Anjuli Webster, University of Dar es Salaam Measures of Success and Inclusive Research in Settler Colonialism and Social Science in South Peacebuilding Africa Omotayo Jolaosho, University of South Florida Jill Weintroub, Wits City Institute, University of The Freedom Sung Project: Leveraging the Witwatersrand Technology to Deepen Protest Engagement Title Deeds: Reading Maps in Space, Place, and Mind Tim Longman, Boston University Religious Activists: Exploring Religious Support Xiaoxi Zhang, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor for Democracy and Human Rights How to Learn from An Inconclusive Translation of An African Woman’s Writing? Abebe Misiker, University of Gondar Identity Dilemma and Mother Tongue Selection 6:30pm Buses depart from Crowne Plaza to WITS in Ethiopian Education System the Case of the Origins Centre Agaw Ethnic Groups Since 1991

7-9pm Roundtable: Negotiating Anthropology in Reception and book exhibit Southern Africa during a 'Negative Presented by local press exhibitors: Wits Moment' (Moderator: Hemali Joshi, University Press and Blue Weaver University of Johannesburg) Origins Centre (WITS) Cedi

Panelists: Treasa Galvin, University of Botswana; Sunday, May 27 Hemali Joshi, University of Johannesburg; Helen MacDonald, University of Cape Town; Shannon 8am Registration Morreira, University of Cape Town & Anthropology Southern Africa; Rosa Persendt, 10:30am Breakout Sessions, University of Namibia Posters/Artifacts, and Local Press book exhibit

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Roundtable: Shifting the Geography of 1:30-3:30pm Reason: African Voices (Moderator: Law-scapes and Landscapes (Chair: Siphamandla Zondi, University of Mariane Ferme, University of California, Pretoria) Berkeley) Kwacha Nafka

Panelists: Faith Mabera, IGD; William Mpofu, Michael Allen, Bryn Mawr College University of the Witwatersrand; Sabelo Ndlovu- Can Development Occur Within National Gatsheni, UNISA, Bongani Nyoka, UNISA; Boundaries? Implications for Africa Siphamandla Zondi, University of Pretoria Mariane Ferme, University of California, Berkeley 10:30am-12:30pm Land, Laws, and Legal Subjectivities in Post- Posters/Artifacts and book exhibit (Wits Conflict Sierra Leone

University and Blue Weaver) Dorothy Hodgson, Rutgers University Dalasi/Pula 'We Are Not Birds': Land Dispossession, Collective Protest and Gender Justice in Therese De Raedt, University of Utah Tanzania Conquering the Atlantic Waves Christopher Morris, George Mason University Ebnezer Gwini, University of Zimbabwe Is Post-Colonialism A Relevant Framework for The Impact of the Omission of Citizenship Studying A Former 'Homeland'? Education on the Development of Post-Colonial High Density Suburbs in Harare, Zimbabwe. Helena Pohlandt-McCormick, University of Minnesota Zaheera Jinnah, University of Witwatersrand Co-author: Gary Minkley, University of Fort Hare Informal Governance in Post Apartheid South The Graves of Dimbaza: Reconsidering the Africa Resilience of Race in the Post-Apartheid Present

Bernard Kusena, Rhodes University Pnina Werbner, Keele University Anti-Environmentalism, Gender and Co-author: Richard Werbner, University of Employment: Contestations Over the Manchester Construction of the ‘Frog Hotel’ On Harare, A Case of Inheritance: from Citizens’ Forum to Zimbabwe’s Wetlands, 2012-2018 Magisterial Justice in Botswana’s Customary Courts Tackson Makandwa, University of Witwatersrand Voices of Mothers: Narratives of Alternative Maternal Healthcare and Help-Seeking among Migrant Women in Johannesburg, South Africa

12:30pm Lunch Fresh Restaurant

1:30pm Breakout Sessions

Africa in the World: Shifting Boundaries and Knowledge Production Page 7 Revolutionizing African Academic 4-6pm Institutions (Chair: Ousmane Sene, West Closing Session: Africa in the World, with African Research Center) a special guest appearance by the former Kwacha President of South Africa, Thabo Mbeki (Moderator: Dr. Carolyn Rouse) Jess Auerbach, African Leadership University Dalasi/Pula Co-authors: Marta Patallo, African Leadership University & Janice Ndegwa, African Leadership Panelists: Drs. Mahmood Mamdani, Muna University Ndulo, Adebayo Olukoshi, Toyin Falola, Funmi Decolonising African Social Sciences from Olonisakin, Rachel Mukamunana, and Former Mauritius: Experiences of the First Year of President Thabo Mbeki Teaching at the African Leadership University

Ademola Fayemi, University of Lagos & University of Johannesburg Is African Philosophy Afraid of African Studies?

Yeukai Mlambo, Arizona State University Co-author: Aryn Baxter, Arizona State University “What Can I Offer America?” A Post-Colonial Analysis of Faculty Motivations and Perceptions in North-South University Partnerships

Yusuf Serunkuma, Makerere University, Kampala The Conditioning of a Native Informer: Politics, Economies and the Academia as a Marketplace

Roundtable: Grass-Roots Ecumenism and Religious Reconciliation in Postcolonial Africa (Moderator: Richard Werbner, University of Manchester) Cedi

Panelists: James Amanze; Maria Frahm-Arp, University of Johannesburg; Asonzeh Ukah, University of Cape Town; Ilana van Wyk, University of Stellenbosch; Richard Werbner, University of Manchester

3:30pm Break

4pm Closing Session

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Monday, May 28 Workshop: "Three Women (Break the Silence)": Performance Methodologies in

8am Post Conference Workshops African Knowledge Production (Chair: Omotayo Jolaosho, University of South 8am-6pm Florida) Pipeline for Emerging African Studies Cedi Scholars (PEASS) Workshop Open to Selected PEASS participants Only Participants: Omotayo Jolaosho, Univerity of Kwacha South Florida Vernice Miller, John Jay College of Criminal

Justice, CUNY 10am-1:30pm

Workshop: Collaborative Sound Curation: Workshop: Afropolitanism and the A Workshop Exploring Transatlantic Politics of Technology Entrepreneurship Partnerships between the International on the Continent: A Case Study of the Library of African Music (SA), UVa (US) Lagos Tech Ecosystem (Chair: Kanyinsola and communities (Chair: Noel Lobley, Obayan, Cornell University) University of Virginia) Nafka Pula Participant: Kanyinsola O. Obayan, Cornell Participants: Noel J. Lobley, University of Virginia University Lee Watkins, International Library of African Music Workshop: Challenges and Prospects of

Preservation of Tangible Heritage Workshop: Migration within Africa: The Management for Socio-Economic Push-Pull Factors of Refugees Return, Development: A Case Study in Bahir Dar Uganda and South Sudan (Chair: Charles town/Tana Islands (Chair: Ayele Ogeno, Centre for Public Authority and Mulualem, Bahir Dar University) International Development) Executive Board Room Dinar

Participant: Charles Ogeno, Centre for Public Participant: Ayele Tamene Mulualem, Sr., Bahir Authority and International Development Dar University

Africa in the World: Shifting Boundaries and Knowledge Production Page 9

Abstracts (Papers, Posters/Artifacts, and Flash Presentations)

Ezinwanyi Adam, Babcock Univerity harmonious co-existence of members of families Shifting Cultural Boundaries of African Women's and communities, at large. Attainment of Mother/Womanhood in Selected Narratives Selah Agaba, University of Wisconsin, Madison The unending quest and uncompromising Adolescent Sexuality, Desire, and Pregnancy: A obsession of many women for (male) children in View from The Margins order to secure the status or position of Being pregnant, bearing, and raising a child are womanhood and 'mother-of-the-home', the right major life events. For adolescent girls, these of succession and inheritance to family estates events are usually accompanied by structural have brought about shifts in cultural boundaries hardships such as increased risk of mortality, in some communities in Africa. These shifts come unsafe abortion, expulsion from school, in form of sub-cultures practiced for survival by diminished economic potential, and social stigma some women. They include acquisition of 'spare (United Nations Educational, Scientific, and husbands', 'same-sex marriages' and 'intentional Cultural Organisation, 2014; World Health single motherhood', amongst others. These Organisation, 2014). In Uganda where I do my techniques are employed for the survival of work, a recent survey found that in Uganda, 98% 'awaiting-motherhood' or state of of the girls who reported to have ever been barrenness/loneliness and to ensure the pregnant are out of school, 30% of the reported attainment and protection of place and status of maternal related deaths and complications occur motherhood at home and society, particularly among adolescents (15 – 19 years) and the their lineages and right of succession. However, it opportunity cost of adolescent pregnancy is 30% is observed that these strategies have serious of the country’s annual GDP (UNESCO, 2014; negative effects to the peace and growth of Uganda Demographic Health Survey [UDHS], families, and by extension, the society, at large. 2011, emphasis added). Despite this, efforts to Hence, the need to critically appraise and apprise decrease adolescent pregnancy, and thus the nature of these strategies; how they are decrease the harsh medical and material burden performed; the causes and effects of the imposed chiefly on adolescent girls continue to identified survival methods on peaceful co- be fashioned without comprehensive existence of family and socio-cultural understanding of adolescents’ lived experiences relationships in carefully and purposively and tend to be based on an imagined idea of the selected narratives. The research is qualitative ideal adolescent. and a systemic description, historical, and in- depth analytical study of the nature of the This has resulted in policies and practices that: 1) identified shifts that form the survival techniques reduce adolescent sexuality to risk- and deficit- by some African women against all forms of driven interventionist models of understanding stigmatization and discrimination with the state that are severed from the material life of of 'awaiting motherhood'. The research methods adolescents as living, feeling, sexual beings; 2) of analytic induction and social constructionism ignore the perspectives and experiences of are found relevant to the study. The study argues adolescent boys; 3) construct and perpetuate for possible formulation and enactment of laws, notions of innocence or culpability in the bye-laws or policies that will enhance and expressions of sexuality based on race and class; promote gender equality and equity, particularly and 5) continues to present and uphold the importance of will writing for peaceful and imaginations of adolescent sexuality formed without the input of adolescents. In this paper I

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will propose a framework that extends and foster and enclose sustainable modes of questions these understandings by bringing production that meet the essential human needs adolescents and adolescent sexuality to the of residents. By shifting theoretical and policy centre and as the beginning point of research focus to modes of production and their effects in and analysis. class formation, technological and managerial mastery or backwardness, social solidarity or Michael Allen, Bryn Mawr College fragmentation, law-making, institutional Can Development Occur Within National governance, and the meeting of human needs, Boundaries? Implications for Africa we may better diagnose the reasons for the The modernization strategies that have been failures of development, and prescribe the paths followed by African states since decolonization to alternate economic futures for African have integrated them ever more deeply into peoples. What are the whole entities, or human transnational economic systems whose networks, that can develop? Upon what resource reproduction is not centered in Africa itself. bases, with what technologies, with what capital, Current strategies emphasize being efficient and at what scales of operation can new modes of competitive within such systems by attracting production be formed and reproduced? What capital from it, and exporting goods into it, for political formations can govern them, with what the most part never breaking even in terms of bases of solidarity, participation and legitimacy? trade or payments balances. Thus Africa How can new formations grow out of the existing contributes to the evolution of global capitalism, but dysfunctional formations, existing while bringing ever more labor and natural imaginaries, and existing interstate orders? These resources from rural areas into cities and for are the questions addressed in this contribution. export, to be at the service and mercy of global It is suggested that the path to an alternate capital. This yields a minority class of national economic future for African countries lies in and global winners, and majorities of insecure revolution by substitution: new, sustainable middle and working classes, plus even greater modes of production arising within states but numbers of informal and unemployed workers in beyond the reach and rules of global capitalism, urban settlements. The boundaries that shape that gradually replaces it in terms of economic futures are therefore between modes employment, resource use and class power. of production, as they supersede other boundaries of territory and ethnicity. African Osei Alleyne, University of Pennsylvania states preside over parts of global capitalism, Dancehall Diaspora: Roots, Routes & Reggae with little say over its rules and little control over Music in Ghana its flows. They also attempt to govern declining The recent explosion of Ghanaian Reggae or fragile local modes of production left over Dancehall reflects the longstanding and still from history, struggling informal urban growing influence of Jamaican-inspired popular settlements, and rural subsistence modes of culture in Ghana today. This emerging genre has production on declining agricultural land. Such been nurtured by local Rastafarian communities hybrid national formations are modernizing and and championed by youth from the zongos— may even display modern infrastructure of roads, sprawling internal migrant and largely Islamic airports, schools, high-rise buildings, and unplanned neighborhoods. Suffering similar hospitals. But they also display increased urban forms of economic and political alienation from and rural poverty, environmental degradation, mainstream Ghanaian society, emerging Reggae and unequal outcomes in health, education, Dancehall artists from these groups have housing and mobility. Modes of production adopted similar socio cultural and politically reproduce and evolve, and not countries as such. rebellious postures as their counterparts in Countries develop only to the extent that they Jamaica—mirroring Jamaican Patois, 'Dread Talk'

Africa in the World: Shifting Boundaries and Knowledge Production Page 11

and Rasta, ‘rudebwoy’ and ‘rudegyal’ identities proofing. Faced with disarmament and doubtful as counter hegemonic ways of being and reintegration at the end of the decade-long war, knowing in Ghana today. Jalloh turned to Allah for guidance and was inspired to redeploy his troops as the Warrior Neoliberal structural adjustment, patron- Cultural and Mystical Power Dance Troupe. A clientelism and state corruption follow histories foreign observer might interpret their acts as of slavery and colonialism in both these spaces. nothing more than stage magic and sleight-of- Subject populations in these locations have now, hand, but Jalloh offers not only entertainment, largely through entertainment media and but also models of metamorphosis for Sierra internet technology come to see similar plights in Leone audiences to contemplate and discuss. each other’s experiences. Popular youth cultures Jalloh takes full advantage of his spotlight to in these locations have to come to mirror each endeavor to shape his public’s views and actions other; resounding extant socio-linguistic and regarding topics ranging from Islamic doctrine cultural retentions that tie African Jamaicans to and cultural reconstruction to national politics Ghana through the Atlantic Slave Trade. Novel and HIV/AIDS prevention. Yet for all his practiced iterations of diaspora inhere in these processes. professionalism, Jalloh’s spectacles are constant, On the one hand Jamaican musicians hail ‘Africa’ improvised renegotiations of his relationships to as source of inspiration, site of return and escape his viewers and their shifting values.This paper from ‘Babylon.’ Across the Atlantic Ghanaian begins by touching on some of the prevailing artists and audiences look to Rastafari, Reggae, models of postwar reconstruction that share the and Dancehall for strategies in culturally, national stage with Jalloh, specifically politically and commercially mobilizing their internationalist Judeo-Christian ideals of verbal increasingly urban African identities. Drawing confession and redemption that have little heavily on Jamaican pop tropes which purchase in Sierra Leonean village life. In themselves owe a debt to the continent, contrast, Jalloh demonstrates a model of Ghanaian artists reclaim Reggae Dancehall as transformation based not on verbal testimony broadly African and hence legitimately their own; but on visual revelation. Understood via local brushing off charges of mimicry as they endeavor epistemology, spectacle is not a unidirectional to uniquely indigenize the art form. relationship in which visions are merely transmitted from the seen to the seer, but rather Samuel Mark Anderson, New York University as an event constituted by both the spectated Abu Dhabi and the spectator. This formulation suggests a Shifting Past Violence: Mystic Arts as a Model for moment of encounter and mutual appraisal: an Post-War Transformation in Sierra Leone intersection leading to inspection then In vivid spectacles touring the southern Sierra introspection, on and on in a reiterative loop of Leone countryside, a troupe of former continuous reassessment, negotiation, and combatants are restaging a blend of Islamic and adaptation. Jalloh’s signature act epitomizes this village hunters’ mysticism, once exploited in the dynamic model of spectacular transformation. name of war and now redeployed in the name of After narrating a story of his capture by rebels reconciliation, nation-building, and individual during the war, he demonstrates his empowerment. Al-Hassan Wurie Jalloh served as extraordinary escape. Stripped to his shorts and Deputy National Task Commander in the Civil bound in a bag, Jalloh is locked inside a box Defense Forces, a pro-government militia that which is in turn covered by a billowing sheet. mobilized the imagery and practices of village When the sheet drops, Jalloh is standing hunter traditions in pursuit of local legitimacy radiantly, not only free of bag and box, but also and esoteric defense maneuvers including clad in a uniform: either military fatigues, disappearance, metamorphosis, and bullet- political party propaganda, or the robes of an

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Islamic scholar. Through his mystic redressing, Aching Whiteness: Siphiwo Mahala’s “White Hassan Jalloh assumes forms of martial, political, Encounters” and The Unfinished Project of and religious power. His personal history Decolonization buttresses these mystic demonstrations, and Wole Soyinka argues that stories, as part of the cumulatively they demonstrate his own ability to ancient tradition of narrative, are vectors of move among these different spheres. Both knowledge. Literature, Soyinka states, causes explicitly and implicitly, Jalloh’s performances “mind exposure,” and thus its power lies not only assert that he gained this agency through the in truthfully exploring how the world is but also chaos of war, rewriting the history of the conflict in positioning readers to imagine how it might not only as a era of catastrophic loss but also as be. As such, a key social function of stories is to an opportunity for redefining oneself and one's facilitate transformation by providing readers society. with a space in which to reflect, challenge received desires, and craft new ones. African Jess Auerbach, African Leadership University literatures participate deeply in this project of Co-authors: Marta Patallo, African Leadership transformation as a method of decolonization. University & Janice Ndegwa, African Leadership The end of decolonization is liberation defined as University both a material condition and a future Decolonising African Social Sciences from projection, a desire. In this way, decolonization is Mauritius: Experiences of the First Year of deeply entangled with the articulation of desire. Teaching at the African Leadership University The African Leadership College opened in In this paper, I explore the freedoms and Mauritius in 2015, and began offering Social tyrannies of whiteness as a form of desire that Sciences as a degree major in 2016. This paper undergirds the racialization of processes of will explore the experience of beginning a new identification; this racialization of identification university department from scratch in the and subjectivity is a key characteristic of context of the current historical moment where modernity. I examine Siphiwo Mahala’s short decoloniality is a foundational need in terms of story cycle White Encounters and use the curriculum creation. An article we wrote in 2017 postcolonial frame of decolonization to argue describing our '7 commitments to decolonial that whiteness is a basic category of modernity social science' used to constitute the African self (Mbembe, (https://theconversation.com/what-a-new- “African Modes of Self-Writing, 249). Given the university-in-africa-is-doing-to-decolonise-social- specific imperial and colonial histories that sciences-77181) went viral, placing our institution hastened Africa’s uneven integration into the in dialogue with many of the top institutions in global capitalist market economy, whiteness has the world. Since then, we have focused our materialized as a powerful trope for success, efforts on building out the program in terms of progress, and possibility. As such, whiteness content, method, and pedagogy, working with functions as an ambivalent desire that works students from across the African continent and productively in discourses of self-making while its islands to develop a program that is both also undermining modes of black subjectivity by grounded in the rich socio-economic fabric of reinforcing conceptions of black inferiority. As a Mauritian daily life, and in dialogue with Africa productive concept, whiteness becomes and with the world intimately tied up with practices of resistance to neocolonialism and colonial modernity, and also Raquel Baker, California State University Channel becomes tied to practices of liberatory Islands identification. Through the discursive modes of conflation and metonymic slippage, whiteness comes to stand in for liberation and becomes the

Africa in the World: Shifting Boundaries and Knowledge Production Page 13

preferred mode of constituting identity in focus of the paper continues to operate in the modernity. Given the concomitant valence of area despite a number of setbacks: robberies, black inferiority, whiteness as a key discursive xenophobic attacks, lack of certification, structure of self-making is problematic. An liquidations, and money shortages. Jeppestown, analysis of Mahala’s short story cycle suggests a formerly industrial area, is portrayed in the that the intimate spheres of the self and modes media and through word of mouth as either on of identification, affiliation, and desire are its way to becoming a site of redevelopment by important foci of decolonization in order to begin the Johannesburg Development Agency, artists, to challenge the hold of ideologies of racialized and private developers, or a crime ridden area belonging, modes of racialized differentiation, and hotbed of Zulu ethnic-nationalism—an area and what Bhabha calls modes “of representation that will either successfully be re-developed or of otherness” (“The Other Question” 19). descend into further dilapidation, violence, and Mahala’s stories present the entanglement of crime. The factories, or former factories, in this desire and subjectivity and suggest how area are key sites of urbanization and whiteness is produced, reproduced, and yearned development in Johannesburg at a moment in for in modes of African self-making. What which local and global social and economic forces Mahala brings to the table in his stories in White are influencing a re-conceptualization of the Encounters is how a critical analysis of whiteness colonial and apartheid structure of the city. My as a key desire that drives practices of work examines the multiple temporalities and identification can serve as a tactic for self- flows of materials that define this area in a conscious identity making and the decolonization moment of transformation – allowing for a more of desire itself. nuanced understanding of what is recognized as a failed or successful urban space and the Brittany Birberick, University of California, economies that accompany that space. Looking Berkeley closely at the flow of work and employees’ Time in the Factory: A Temporality of dreams and fears, the paper attempts to Transformation in Post-Apartheid Johannesburg articulate a particular temporality of transition Based on historical and ethnographic research, that is marked by both precariousness and this paper examines the daily schedule, events, reliability. I attempt to put the particularities of and rhythms of a metal washer factory in the factory in dialogue with a longer history of Johannesburg, South Africa in order to Jeppestown in order to think more critically understand the shifting urban landscape of the about the processes of urban transformation in city as it relates to labor, value, and dreams for the post-apartheid city and the violence and the future. More recent work on African cities hopes that accompany such processes. has argued that these cities are not failed visions of modernity but rather sites of innovation and Caitlin Blaser Mapitsa, CLEAR-AA collaboration that produce new forms of life and Co-author: Tara Polzer Ngwato, Social Surveys work (Simone 2004, Mbembe and Nuttall 2008, Africa De Boeck 2004, Enwezor et al. 2002, Guyer Reframing Social Cohesion: Lessons from Public 2011). The paper traces out new and old, ad hoc Sector Evaluations collaborations in a precarious part of There is a disjuncture between the way social Johannesburg by focusing on a particular factory cohesion is understood, and the way government and contextualizing it within surrounding factory programming has been designed to promote it. spaces and the larger history of industry, work, As public sector monitoring and evaluation and migration routes to the city. Located in the systems expand, and social cohesion has been area known as Jeppestown, just east of recognised as a pillar of South Africa’s National Johannesburg’s inner city, the factory at the Development Plan, building consensus on how to

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measure the most salient components of social propaganda, the study probes this emergent cohesion is an important step to supporting more form, unpacking its function. The study applies a effective and targeted programme development. constructionist ontological stance, placing This article will discuss which indicators measure emphasis on reality and meaning as a construct the condition of social cohesion (e.g. trust, of those who live it rather than a set standard to interaction, attitudes towards diversity, equality abide by. Thus, performance is regarded an and participation) as well as the importance of evolutionary being constantly shifting to address measuring indicators for causal factors and the reality of those who partake in it. Qualitative context factors. Through specific examples within interviewing, observation, and qualitative public sector programming, the paper looks at content analysis are used to explore the the potential to better integrate social cohesion motivations behind these performances and the in government programming, and reflect a more practical considerations related to their form and accurate conceptualisation of social cohesion function. Using an eclectic theoretical principles in public sector results based framework; theater and performance–with a monitoring and evaluation. focus on Boal’s tradition; hegemony and subaltern (in Gramscian and post-colonialism Tenford Chitanana, University of Technology sense); and digital activism, the paper explores Sydney how the restrictive political environment Subaltern Voices and the New Hegemony. influenced the shift in medium. The study argues Performance, Digital Media and Activism in that reflexivity of performance aids to sense- Zimbabwe making and advances counterhegemonic This interdisciplinary study investigates the discourse for those on the margins of society and intersection of storytelling, performance, and power. digital media as well as how activists find voice in a hegemonic environment. It follows a repertoire Elene Cloete, Kansas African Studies Center, of ‘digital media performers’ who use social University of Kansas media platforms to comment on Zimbabwean “Go Big or Go Home”: Corporate Investment issues. Shrinking political space and economic Initiatives among South African Youth collapse, characterizing Zimbabwe over the past Many South African youth are disappointment 20 years, affected a range of economic and social with post-1994 realities of unemployment, sectors. A contracting paying audience and systemic racism, and persistent social and wealth daunting government censorship negatively inequality resulting from neoliberal governance. impacted the country’s nascent commercial This is evident from recent protest actions, theatre and film industry. Yet, the growth in new organized by, and for, young South African media technologies has transformed how students, signifying young South Africans’ performances are produced and delivered. A new political agility and unwavering determination to phenomena of social media skits– short alter the status quo. But while these political performances, scripted or unscripted, straight-to- actions are successfully capturing public and view or edited, and digitally distributed– has political attention, alternative forms of agency emerged in Zimbabwe’s online space. These are emerging from more private and closed performances and their platforms have become a spaces. In this case, some young South Africans form of ‘public sphere’ where ordinary citizens are turning their political agility toward the converge to discuss pertinent issues. Exploring country’s economic landscape, seeking entry into three leading performances (platforms) i.e. the corporate and investment banking arena. BustopTV, Zambezi News, and Madam Boss, and considering the history of performance in Using a young "investment club" as a case study, Zimbabwe, e.g. in political activism and agitation this presentation considers young South Africans’

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interpretation of capital wealth and their released perpetrators, and other community appropriation of neoliberal principles, not only as members used during the in-depth interview. a response to political uncertainty but also as a Moreover, the researcher used focus group form of political agency. In doing so, I take discussions with the peace and reconciliation serious critique against an overarching and often committee, police officers, and legal simplified understanding of neoliberalism. professionals who have deeper experience Instead, I consider how people, in this case, a resolution of disputes, conflicts and revenge. group of young South African men, might be Because of the nature of the information appropriating market economics and neoliberal collected from respondents, the researcher used principles to alter the status quo. thematic analysis, discourse analysis and content Bitwoded Dagnaw, University of Gondar analysis all together. The findings of the study The Economic and Socio-Cultural Sources, have shown that revenge, caused familial and Consequences and Intervention Mechanisms of societal problems in the district of Denbia Revenge in Amhara National Regional State: The District. Among the forty five kebeles some areas Case of Denbia District of the district are severely vulnerable for blood Revenge and other social conflicts among revenge killings consisted of higher rates of individuals and communities usually occur in murder. Insignificant disputes and conflicts raised Denbia District. Revenge is an extension of commonly because of land, grudge, alcoholism, destructive conflicts. It is an intrinsic, inevitable, women driven, money driven, stealing, revealing and unavoidable aspect of social life which occurs a secret, and other daily based conflicts during human interaction. Conflicts are inherent, eventually ended up with blood revenge killings. because human beings have varying interests and Mainly, Land conflicts lead to disastrous effects needs. They are also inherent at the same time, on individuals as well as on groups and end up because it is impossible to meet the needs and with blood revenge among family members at desires of all people simultaneously. Conflict the highest number. The number of people who results both constructive and destructive lost their lives in blood revenge killings in five consequences. This problem is also a social and years from 2011 up to 2015 in Denbia district is legal issue in Amhara National Regional State, raised to one hundred and twenty one. because it causes life loss, physical injury, Keywords: Blood Revenge, Intrinsic, Conflict, property loss and social instability. It disrupts the Denbia District life of individuals and peaceful existence of groups. Revenge involves initial victims and Therese De Raedt, University of Utah perpetrators, families, close and distant relatives Conquering the Atlantic Waves of both victims and perpetrator. Initial victims the Wolof “Mbëkë Mi” best translated as may search for opportunities to retaliate blood “headbutt” is also the name given to the perilous for blood or any other ways. Hence, it becomes a journey from Senegal to the Canary Islands by circular social problem where victims at one pirogue. The eponymous novel “Mbëkë Mi. occasion will be perpetrators on the next having Defying the Waves of the Atlantic” by the retaliated the initial perpetrator.This research Senegalese writer Abasse Ndione, was published deals on the Economic and Socio-cultural in 2008. Three years later (2011) the novel was Sources, Consequences and Intervention adapted for film by the Senegalese director Mechanisms of Revenge in Amhara National Moussa Touré: it is called “The pirogue”. For this Regional State: The Case of Denbia District. presentation I won’t focus on all the similarities Therefore, the researcher employed qualitative and differences between the novel and its filmic research approach and gathered data through in- adaptation but will rather emphasize some key depth interviews, focus group discussions, and points. I will demonstrate that the novel should document analysis. A Victim of revenge and be considered as a testimony of events that

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happened in a very concrete environment year research project funded by the German whereas the film has transformed them to give Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and them a more universal and global meaning. I will Development (BMZ) we assess patterns of stress the socio-political and economic contexts regional cooperation on migration and mobility of Senegal and Europe in the beginning of the in two African sub-regions. These are the 21st century to develop my thesis. Finally, Economic Community of Western Africa through close analysis of the film, I will (ECOWAS) and the Intergovernmental Authority simultaneously uncover the elements, which for Development (IGAD) in Northeastern Africa. launched it into popularity amongst European The analysis focuses on the following questions: audiences, as well as those, which mark it out as 1. What relevance and position has migration in a post-colonial African film. the regional agendas; and to what extent have migration and mobility been included in specific Eva Dick, German Development Institute / (formal and informal) regional governance Deutsches Institut für Entwicklungspolitik (DIE) systems? 2. What factors account for the Co-author: Benjamin Schraven, German incorporation of mobility and migration within Development Institute/Deutsches Institut für regional settings? 3. What forms and types of Entwicklungspolitik (DIE) migration have been the focus for cooperation? Regional Cooperation On Migration and Mobility: Experiences from Two African Regions The results suggest that the agenda-setting In the context of the global refugee crisis, trans- power and orientation of regional organizations Saharan and trans-Mediterranean (irregular) are strongly related to institutional factors migration from Africa to Europe has recently (strength of migration policy mandate, degree of received huge public and political attention, legal autonomy from member states), but also particularly within Europe. Calls for reducing and the sope of concrete migration and related containing irregular migrant flows and addressing challenges in the respective region. the ‘root causes’ of forced migration dominate the European policy discourse. Gabby Dlamini, University of Witwatersrand Are They Living Fake Lives On Social Media? The present paper adopts a contrasting “Social media promotes fake flashy lifestyles that perspective focusing on regional migration no one lives.” “You can’t trust what you see on governance in Eastern and Western Africa. social media because that is not the whole Contrary to their common perception as places person’s life it is just a moment.” “It’s not even of origin or transit, empirical evidence points to real people pictures are edited to make everyone the pivotal role of African cities, countries and look perfect.” These are the general comments regions as areas of temporary or permanent and opinions one hears about social media. Yet destination. In fact most movements in Africa are social media platforms such Facebook, Twitter taking place within or between sub-regions. and Instagram and many others as are growing at Against this background, African regional considerable rates. This is despite all the critiques organizations have developed mobility regimes of how it is promoting false lifestyles. It would aiming at facilitating and better managing intra- also be simplistic to think that people are African migration. In the European migration unaware of all the editing that goes into social discourse, it can be expected that these mobility media posts. Therefore I propose that instead of regimes will further gain attention. thinking of online activity in terms of real or fake we consider online activity as forms of Based on a qualitative research design and a curatorship and curated representations of self framework of analysis for regional migration and life. governance developed in the context of three-

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Ana Maria Duarte, Instituto Superior Politécnico are most meaningful to them. Lusíada de Benguela The Real Financial System in Benguela (Angola) - Search for Common Ground (Search), the world's The Case of Kixikila Women largest peacebuilding INGO, will share examples The paper aims to assess how the non-formal of recent and ongoing work to improve inclusion economic dynamics mobilizes domestic financial in research and evaluation. Methodologies resources to address the different difficulties include Conflict Scans (purely qualitative, rapidly experienced by communities when attempting to deployed, utility based research responses to access the formal financial system. In this conflict), Outcome Mapping with CSOs (working context, it is of crucial importance to consider the backward from changes we see to determine predominant women role and the way they which are the most meaningful), and Human organize themselves as kixikilas’ groups. The Centered Design (an approach that intentionally paper will consider the reasons for moves beyond the linear, problem-solution preponderance of kixikilas and its socioeconomic model, and to recognize the multiple variables consequences and, in this context, will assess that often contribute to effective problem whether the non-formal dynamics constitute a solving). Each of these methods has been used by substitute or a complement to the dynamics Search in East and Central Africa. These methods considered formal. give space for participants to become an active part of research, sharing not only what works but Ella Duncan, Search for Common Ground also capture the real experiences of living Who Says When?: Community Defined Measures through program “learning” and failure. of Success and Inclusive Research in Discussion around these lessons from radical Peacebuilding inclusion will serve to sharpen actionable Within the peace and development field, How do solutions to breaking barriers to participation and we ensure participation and inclusion in research inclusion. and evaluation? While peace and development programs regularly tout the importance of A particular goal of this presentation will be to locally-led initiatives, and the importance of foster dialogue, with a focus on shared learning inclusive processes, true participation and and mitigating the risk of transparent sharing inclusion are often missing from both within a normally competitive field. programming and evaluation. Efforts to change this dynamic increasingly hinge on the Ndubuisi Ezeluomba, Virginia Museum of Fine decentralization of input. This comes in two ways Arts relevant to the theme: first, through changing Co-author: John Agberia, University of Port the role of local Community Based and Civil Harcourt Society Organizations (CBOs and CSOs) to have Belief and Belonging: Changing Social Cultural more say in programming decisions. CBOs and Landscape of Southern Nigeria CSOs are becoming more empowered conduits The immediate consequence of the end of the who are able to define measures of success cold war in the late 1980s meant that many relevant to the communities where they live, as African states continue to grapple with severe well as refocus programs toward local and sometime extreme economic, as well as sustainability as an integral part of definitions of social problems. Many cultural values that once success. Second, through the rise in access to had immense significance, as well as other new media – and new uses for old media -, aspects of social and political life have been communities themselves are able to engage subjected to various forms of transformations. more actively in feedback loops that give them a These social transformations find momentum in voice in which peace and development outcomes the urban and rural landscapes of modern Benin

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City, the capital of Edo state of Nigeria where and global ideas for Africa’s transformation. traditional religious practices seem to be thriving Contra Falaiye, I conclude that not only is the despite the influence of charismatic Pentecostal necessity and sufficiency of African philosophy to churches that dots the landscape. Similarly, the the survival and flourish of African Studies rural/urban dynamics of Benin presents exaggerated, the discipline of African philosophy, interesting spectacles to viewing these religious as methodically constituted, loathes squaring as well as social cultural problems, such as those within the more promising interdisciplinary of other African societies. Despite these vantage of African Studies problems, individuals continue to thrive, supported in large measures by their conscious Ademola Fayemi, University of Lagos & ideas about patronizing traditional religious University of Johannesburg outfits for “magico-spiritual” solutions. This essay Rights, Women and Health in Nigeria will explore the veneration of Olokun, the most Women’s health and rights in Nigeria have important deity in the religious pantheon of the largely been investigated from the legal, Edo people, against the backdrop of the changing sociological, historical and feminist perspectives; relationships between religion, identity and however, with little philosophical contributions. landscape among the Edo speaking people of There is increasing concern that the demography southern Nigeria. of the existing literature on the health and rights of women in Nigeria tends to focus less on the Ademola Fayemi, University of Lagos & experiences of widows, their sexual and University of Johannesburg reproductive rights, and the health implications Is African Philosophy Afraid of African Studies? of subsisting traditional practices of widowhood in a recently published article, “Is African Studies rites, forced levirate marriage, disinheritance and Afraid of African Philosophy?” Muyiwa Falaiye other stereotypical acts. The unabated existential defends the preconditioned necessity of African and dreadful experiences of widowhood resulting philosophy for the development of broad-based, from different dehumanising traditional rites and objective, non-paternalistic African studies, contemporary practices in Nigeria have whose content and outcome would considerably heightened the need for a systematic impact and transform Africa. African philosophy, philosophical interrogation of the practices. In therefore, has the role and responsibility of being this article, I provide a novel attempt that serviceable as grundnorm in shaping and critically exposes the false assumptions and determining the intellectual trajectory of African contradictions in the subsisting practices in Studies. In this article, I contend against some different ethnic traditions in Nigeria, while also aspects of the basic assumptions and theses of exploring, normatively, principles that would be Falaiye on the desideratum of African philosophy serviceable to a socially protected sexual, to pragmatic and authentic knowledge reproductive and qualitative health rights of production in African Studies. I delineate the widows. I seek to answer the question: what arguments between the ‘interior orientation’ in normative paradigm can be formulated that African Studies - where Falaiye belongs – on would justify widow’s reproductive and sexual framing African Studies within Africa, and the rights in Nigeria such that would neither be ‘exterior orientation’ that defends boundless detrimental to their qualitatively healthy life nor space for theorizing Africa. I seek a ‘third-way’ result in attenuation of dignified cultural norms that construes African Studies as a field in need and practices? On the strength of Afro- of balancing and transcending the traditional communitarian ethics, I argue the position that orientations through an adoption of digital widows, whether youthful or elderly, have non- interdisciplinary humanities research tools for conflicting sexual rights to partners of their epistemic production and interrogation of African choice and reproductive rights to contraception,

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abortion, surrogacy and non-contracted scenario in which smallholder subsistence pregnancy. Both rights ought to be freely farming is unlikely to lift the majority of those expressed just in so far that such actions would depending on it out of poverty. For example, a necessitate social harmony and wellbeing of both 2004 reform of the agricultural sector, launched self and the community. jointly by the Sierra Leonean Ministry of Agriculture and the UN Development Program, Mariane Ferme, University of California, Berkeley introduced a new rural institution, the Land, Laws, and Legal Subjectivities in Post- "Agricultural Business Unit," which sought to Conflict Sierra Leone organize farmers into community-based In rural Sierra Leone, the end of the 1991-2002 associations that pooled their resources, and civil war was marked by grassroots social could at the same time be taxed to help run local experiments in which groups that had been councils (Machonacie 2008). This reform was one marginalized within gerontocratic and of a number of fiscal measures sustaining efforts hierarchical landowning patrilineages, such as at decentralization, a process deemed to be key women, young men, or "strangers"--residents to stemming the corruption of the central originating elsewhere, who relied on local government, which was among the grievances families for access to farmland--took advantage that had fueled the civil war. However, the move of the role reversal brought about by their key to turn farmers into business entrepreneurs contributions in combat and logistical support in directly negotiating with outside investors--a by- wartime to challenge the traditional order, product of global factors shaping (neo)liberalizing particularly in matters of resource allocation and agendas that trump state regulatory and reform access to justice. Using the discourse of rights efforts--articulates in some instances with local saturating public debates and humanitarian gaps in knowledge and governance left by the initiatives from the second half of the 1990s war, which instead have produced increased onward, many began to advance their individual inequity, and rendered precarious farmers' rights "from below," over and against those of control over their lands. This paper explores collectivities like lineages and extended farmers' responses to two largescale agricultural households, which tended to centralize power in projects undertaken by foreign investors in Sierra the hands of their elderly (and mostly male) Leone, and the legal wranglings over new representatives (Ferme and Hoffman 2004: 84- contracts unfolding during the time of fieldwork. 85; Archibald and Richards 2002: 359-362). At the center of many of these debates was food Till Förster, University of Basel security, access to land, and control over one's Seeing African Cities: New Urbanites – New own labor. My research in Sierra Leone has found Cityscapes? that only a few years after this post-conflict Seeing African Cities is a sensory practice that transitional moment, these emergent leads to acts of looking with a perceptive and a phenomena were eclipsed by signs of a return to projective dimension. As a sedimented social "top-down," autocratic governance on an even practice, it structures and orders life-worldly larger scale. New laws were passed addressing spaces. This paper first examines how people of inheritance, land tenure, labor organization, and rural backgrounds see and look at the city and justice sector reform--including laws securing how they judge the many stimuli that the city has access to legal aid from a widening network of for them when they come for a visit or perhaps a trained paralegals--to tackle some of the longer stay. Second, their perspective is recognized grievances at work during the 1991- complemented by that of urbanites who are used 2002 civil war. Some of these reforms offered the to such stimuli and most often have developed prospect of a more just, and environmentally other, diverging ways of seeing. Light and sustainable future for agrarian livelihoods in a darkness play an important role as they draw a

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line between 'safe' and 'unsafe' spaces at night. in Johannesburg during 2016. It argues that by In the actors' imagination, city-scapes are reading PCE Christianity through a Weberian composed of spaces and places that play a lens, problematic Eurocentric theories have been specific role in their lives, for instance, as places imposed on African people and their religious where encounters with others are likely, where practices and/ beliefs. The paper will use a one can do business, where one should not go as decolonial lens – working primarily with the a member of one's own social background, and theories of Mignolo (2011) and Maldonado- the like. Urbanites acquire such knowledge of the Torres (2013) - to examine what PCE theologies city over many years through the dialectics of of prosperity mean for African members of PCE their daily practices, articulating their own churches in the Johannesburg area. experience in the social setting that they are embedded in. But they may not make use of Joshua Garoon, University of Wisconsin-Madison ordinary forms of expression as such knowledge The Nature of Success: The Making of Ecological often remains below the surface of Citizens Around Zambia's North Luangwa consciousness. Hence, much of this knowledge is National Park neither cast in words nor is it the subject of In the early 1980s, Zambia's North Luangwa conscious reflection. Yet, it is highly relevant National Park was nearly poached out of when urbanites relate to their cities as so-cial existence. Illegal hunting eradicated its black actors. It thus raises important methodological rhinoceros, and threatened to do the same to its and theoretical issues: How is it articulated if elephant. In the past few decades, however, the language is not its main form of expression? and Park's elephant population has rebounded to to what degree is such knowledge represented in several thousand, and the black rhino has been scholarly discourses? reintroduced via airlift. In 2007, Hammer Simwinga was named the African winner of the Maria Frahm-Arp, University of Johannesburg Goldman Environmental Prize (the Re-Thinking Weber and Pentecostal Charismatic "environmental Nobel"), and North Luangwa was Evangelical (PCE) Churches in South Africa recently billed "the safest and best maintained Over the last twenty years Pentecostal park in Zambia" (Lewis, 2014). The Park has been Charismatic Evangelical Christianity has been one fêted not just because of its resurgent wildlife, of the fastest growing religious movements in but also because it's seen as a success of Africa. For years these churches have been community-based natural resource management studied using a Weberian lens that supported the (CBNRM), a participatory model for integrating argument that this form of Christianity environmental conservation with economic engendered a new type of entrepreneurial development. Simwinga's Goldman Prize cited his capitalism amongst believers. Scholars like Meyer CBNRM efforts in North Luangwa's adjoining (1999), Martin (2002) and van Dijk (1992) argued Game Management Areas (GMAs), and that this type of Christianity was something like conservationists have drawn causal links an African form of Puritan Christianity that between the success of those efforts and North promoted the importance individuals working Luangwa's recovery. hard to improve their lives and helped them negotiate a break with their families in order to In-depth investigation of the human side of embrace a capitalist ethic. Yet over the last few CBNRM success stories has been relatively scant, years various new forms of Prosperity Theology however, in North Luangwa or elsewhere. This have been taught in these churches many of paper addresses that gap, drawing on data from which promote the idea of wealth but not always an ongoing research project featuring with a Puritan ethic of hard work. This study ethnographic fieldwork in Mukungule, a GMA on draws on field work done with 100 PCE churches North Luangwa's western boundary - including

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research conducted at the time of Hammer provides critical insight into policies and Simwinga's award. It argues that CBNRM's programs intended to ameliorate the success has depended on the representation of Anthropocene "sixth extinction" (Kolbert, 2014), GMA residents as ecological citizens, whose and could thus help policymakers and program rights and responsibilities ride on their relations officials learn from past mistakes and more with the Park and its resources. equitably govern future resource flows.

Ecological citizenship around North Luangwa has Casey Golomski, University of New Hampshire emerged from the continuous (though Straights Can't Enjoy Others Like Them': Sexual contingent and interrupted) efforts of local and Identity in a Southern African Gay and Lesbian global parties - spanning traditional, colonial, and Pentecostal Church post-colonial regimes, and including both local This paper presents findings on sexual identity, or and big international NGOs - to govern local what anthropologists of gender and sexuality landscapes and their resources. In wealthier more carefully call "erotic subjectivity," from a states, ecological citizenship has often been grassroots Southern African Pentecostal- defined as aspirational and progressive: the charismatic church called Ark of Joy. The church result of residents striving to preserve their local, spans Swaziland, Botswana, and South Africa and national, and global environments (Dobson, its members are predominately self-identified 2006). In the case of North Luangwa, however, gay men and lesbians. Research was done in ecological citizenship is ascriptive and 2015 and 2017 at one branch of the church in the paradoxical. It entails simultaneous claims about Mpumalanga Province in ethnography of 5 what successful conservation requires: church worship services and 35 interviews with pastors, church members, and other gay and (1) insulating GMA residents' livelihoods and lesbian Christians who were not part of the traditions - portrayed as immanently in tune with church. In interviews, members were prompted the Park and its environs, due to a practical to discuss the meanings, advantages, and mastery of nature consonant with Scott's (1998) disadvantages of being gay or lesbian and "metis" - from outside predations; and straight, as well as their subjective identification and relationship with the divine. Besides defining (2) intervening on residents' livelihoods and sexuality in binary axes of opposite- and same- traditions - presented as economically and sex/gender attraction, church members ecologically ignorant, and thus environmental characterized heterosexuals as socially and destructive - by providing entrepreneurial sexually impoverished compared to gays and opportunities alongside (agro)ecological lesbians; "straights" could not sexually enjoy education. someone of the same sex/gender or struggled to maintain their sexual identity or desire ("there is This paper shows how frictions between these no such thing as being 'straight', they are just claims has fundamentally shaped Mukungule uncertain"). The majority of church members residents' "expectations of modernity" reported that people were simply "born that (Ferguson, 1999) and conservationists' way" with respect to sexuality, and that one expectations of wilderness - with the ironic result could not change who they were. Changing one's that both despite and because of their mutual sexuality was not a priority either, as members' mistrusts, the two groups have come to depend relationships with God were positive overall and upon each other. This analysis of ecological understood in terms of divine immanence, citizenship and its ironies sheds new light on authority, and ontology ("He made me", "I debates over the participatory and neoliberal respect Him so He loves me"; "He is in "turns" in environmental conservation. It everything" or "everywhere"). While church

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members reported several disadvantages to Co-author: Fredline M'Cormack-Hale, Seton Hall being gay and lesbian (rape, discrimination, University violence), these were mitigated by being part of Old Wine in New Bottles? Healthcare in Post- this supportive church community, as well as Ebola Sierra Leone maintaining ties with supportive kin (namely This paper assesses the health care sector in mothers), friends, and social, research, and Sierra Leone since the 2014-2015 Ebola crisis, activist networks. To conclude, I consider how which exposed the weakness of the health these findings on sexual identity or erotic system in Sierra Leone, and its limitations to subjectivity in an organized religious setting are combat the disease. While there have been comparable or incomparable to recent diverse, numerous assessments critiquing the health care global formations of Black queer spiritualities as sector and examining the varied reasons for its described by anthropologists and African and weakness including lack of political will, African Diaspora studies scholars. insufficient resources, as well as the donor driven nature of health care in Sierra Leone, there is Ebnezer Gwini, University of Zimbabwe need to examine the ways in which the state as The Impact of the Omission of Citizenship well as international partners have responded to Education on the Development of Post-Colonial these challenges, two years on. The purpose of High Density Suburbs in Harare, Zimbabwe this paper then, is to examine what has been The paper argues that there is a gap in accomplished, or not, since the outbreak was Zimbabwe’s education system that has officially declared over. Our central finding contributed to the perpetuation of demonstrates that despite the attention and underdevelopment of the high-density suburbs in resources devoted to the Ebola crisis and the post-colonial period. Using interviews, discussions around rebuilding health institutions, observations and other researches, the paper very little change has occurred across the sector. proves that the majority of high-density suburbs What appears to have emerged two years post- dwellers lack essential progressive habits and life Ebola is the re-packaging of old wine in new skills which have both direct and indirect effect bottles. Through primary data, namely semi- on personal and community development. In structured interviews with various stakeholders most cases the government leaves this task to including Ministry of Health staff, development civil group societies, but the bodies’ initiatives partners and health care workers, this paper are inadequate. Lack of such habits, values and paints a nuanced picture of the current state of skills among majority of the citizenry is a direct health care in Sierra Leone, and situates our result of the absence of a compulsory and findings within the broader body of literature on mandatory subject embedded in the education international humanitarian interventions and system from primary to high school level that health service delivery in developing countries. focus on equipping citizens with these skills, habits and values. The absence of such a Betty J. Harris, University of Oklahoma, Norman mandatory subject may help to explain why, for Cape Town Drought: Ecological Crisis example, a university graduate can opt for As I submit this abstract, it is projected that Day vending airtime simply because of the Zero in the Cape Town water crisis is April 12th, unavailability of employment opportunities, or 2018, when the city will turn off water taps. The why grassroots development has to be fostered dams that supply Cape Town, which were full in or initiated from the top rather than, logically, 2014, are currently at 26.3% of capacity. from the bottom. Although I prefer an optimistic outcome for South Africa’s second largest city of four million, Aaron Hale, Fourah Bay College (F.B.C.), we must analyze the worst-case scenario. Cape University of Sierra Leone, Freetown Town and the Western Cape Province are

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controlled by the Democratic Alliance, which has excluded from the labor economy and unable an antagonistic relationship with the African fulfill the "man-as-provider ideal" (Archambault National Congress-dominated national 2016). In this paper, I draw on twelve months government. Capetonians, who have faced ethnographic research as a member of a dance increasing water restrictions over the past two group in Pebane, Mozambique to discuss how years, have been warned that when the taps are being a tufo dancer-simultaneously revered and turned off, they will be rationed water from 200 feared for their seductive abilities as a muthiana water collection points to which water will be horera (beautiful woman)- can be a form of transferred by tanker from elsewhere in South honor and a significant restriction for women. Africa and guarded by soldiers. While gender hierarchies are being contested by women through choreography and lyrics during Thus far, there have been no citizen forums to public competitions, this paper argues that these write a comprehensive water plan for the city public articulations of changing gender norms are although desalination project was recently largely contested and policed within the private begun. This raises many questions: Will sphere-through intimate relationships with agriculture, with a normal consumption rate of friends, family, spouses, and lovers. 30%, continue to receive water for irrigation after taps are turn off for residents? What are Dorothy Hodgson, Rutgers University the public health risks for residents? Will We Are Not Birds': Land Dispossession, Collective residents need to collect their own water for Protest and Gender Justice in Tanzania longer than 3-6 months? If the drought exceeds In 2010, over 1,500 Maasai women disobeyed that period, is there an evacuation plan for stern police warnings to march together to the Capetonians? If so, where will they go? How town of Loliondo and turn in their membership might potential political unrest be managed in a cards to CCM, the dominant political party. The city that has a high crime rate? and so on. women were protesting the evictions of thousands of Maasai from their area in July 2009, Ellen Hebden, University of Wisconsin, Madison which included burning their homesteads and Compromising Beauties: Contesting and confiscating thousands of cattle, as well as Controlling Gender Hierarchies within Women's government plans to alienate even more village Competitive Tufo Dancing in Northern land by creating a buffer zone along the Mozambique boundary of the Serengeti National Park. The Dance societies have long been documented as protest was just one of several recent actions an important part of social life, providing a staged by Maasai women in northern Tanzania platform outside of official power structures over the past few years to demand justice - in where men and women re-work social relations their terms - from people and institutions, and hierarchies through competitions (Ranger including CCM and the Tanzanian state, who they 1975; Fair 2001; Gunderson & Barz 2000; Askew perceive as fomenting injustice, especially 2002). In Mozambique's northern and central through the accelerated dispossession of their coastal provinces, changing gender and legally held lands. This presentation compares generational hierarchies are being re-worked the meaning, motivation and effectiveness of the through women's participation in competitive protests in challenging unjust actions by the state dance groups that perform tufo - a traditional with formal rights-based legal approaches. performance genre. As tufo dancers, women gain Specifically, I analyze these protests in terms of access to new forms of mobility through group women's claims to moral authority and a long travel, expanding social networks, and history of female collective action, seen (and community visibility. However, this increased feared) as legitimate by community members, social power elevates anxieties among men but now transformed to address new problems,

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publics, and politics. The talk is based on expressions of collective dissent. Through contemporary accounts of the actions and over multiple protest events in Johannesburg, I 30 years of historical and ethnographic research examine these three stages of formation and with self-identified Maasai communities. argue for the necessity of collective alignment in the achievement of protest aims. I also account Zaheera Jinnah, University of the Witwatersrand for contradictions around gender and power, and Informal Governance in Post Apartheid South manifestations of xenophobia that undermine Africa activists’ avowed ethical commitments. Using a case study of informal artisanal gold Questions of alignment that I address include: 1. mining in Johannesburg, this paper examines the whose bodies and voices are centered, and causes and consequences of ‘failing’ governance whose participation is prioritized in the staging of in South Africa. In jobs and services, security and protest events? 2. what relationships are forged governance, the poor are left desperate, with those who occupy social margins?3. how do struggling to survive each day. But in doing so these configurations shift through the temporal they are also creating a new order ‘outside’ the progression of planning, staging, and dispersal state: bottom up, informal, patronage-based, following a protest event?Through analysis along entrenched with racial, gendered, class and these lines, I hope to demonstrate the potential xenophobic notions. An order that is much less of new media to deepen activist scholarship by about rights than about identity politics, and drawing to the fore alignments and survival. misalignments that collective dissent entails.

Omotayo Jolaosho, University of South Florida Terry-Ann Jones, Fairfield University The Freedom Sung Project: Leveraging Sub-Saharan African Migration to South Africa Technology to Deepen Protest Engagement As the continent’s strongest economy and the “The Freedom Sung Project” is an online geopolitical leader in the region, South Africa has interactive multimedia exhibit of video footage, long been a receiving country for migrants from photographs, and song recordings I collected Europe and Asia, and is a major destination during ethnographic research with South African country for Sub-Saharan African migrants; 75% of activists. This collection includes about 1,200 South Africa’s foreign-born population is African. photographs and 121 footage hours of unedited Attacks on African immigrants have been widely interviews and coverage of protests in the publicized, as have lingering anti-immigrant Johannesburg metropolitan area over 16 months sentiments that have manifested through from 2009 to 2010. protests. There are existing studies that interrogate the reasons why African immigrants Drawing on the exhibit, which is a living archive face violence in South Africa, so this study will of South African protests, I highlight shifts and not directly address these acts, but will rather contradictions in activist practices by examining focus on the broader question of public collective formation as the spatial, embodied perceptions of and attitudes toward immigrants. production of dissent. Formation involves the Episodic eruptions of anti-immigrant violence, strategic alignment of those inhabiting multiple while not representative of the population, have social positionings including convergence across underscored tensions between migrants and boundaries of ethnicity, race, class, gender, and South African nationals and threaten to challenge generation. These alignments manifest at three South Africa’s reputation and regional key stages: 1) in the preparatory organization hegemony. Using qualitative data from a diverse leading up to a protest event, 2) in the visible sample of South Africans, this study proposes a configuration of protesters and 3) in often- more nuanced understanding of South African overlooked patterns of dispersal following sentiments and attitudes toward immigrants,

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particularly those from Sub-Saharan Africa. Given knowledge production on gender and the diversity of immigrant nationalities in South environment arenas in Zimbabwe has been Africa, a key theme in this study will be the eventful and far reaching. Following the need to difference in the reception, integration, and create jobs and increase gender balance in attitudes toward immigrants from Asia, Europe, employment, various theorists have questioned and various Sub-Saharan African countries. A the logic of preserving wetlands where projects hypothesis of this study is that anti-immigrant that created employment could be erected. sentiments in South Africa are rooted in factors Zimbabwe Tourism Authority’s Chief Executive more complex and nuanced than xenophobia Officer and ardent advocate of anti- alone. Further, sentiments toward immigrants environmentalism, Karikoga Kaseke, argued that are inconsistent, varying depending on the it was irrational to sacrifice potential jobs in immigrants’ nationality, ethnicity, and order to save a few trees and frogs. This was in socioeconomic class as well as the socioeconomic response to the heated debate over the class, education, occupation, and ethnicity of desirability of constructing a multi-million dollar South Africans. Long Cheng Plaza, nicknamed ‘the Frog Hotel’, on Harare’s wetland. The cost to the environment Ritu Khanduri, University of Texas- Arlington was considered insignificant compared to the Gandhi, Satyagraha and Political Cartoons in potential for wealth generated by the project. South Africa While scholars have written extensively in favour Gandhi's concept "Satyagraha" (Truth force) was of nurturing the environment, a gap still exists on first introduced in South Africa. This concept how to balance the invidious positions between became critical for Gandhian politics in the the economics of keeping the swamps intact and decades following his return to colonial India. building investment projects on wetland areas to Little is discussed in terms of Gandhi's offset the country’s staggering ninety percent engagement with political cartoons to articulate unemployment rate. This paper argues that the Satyagraha as well as to educate the readers of setting up of Long Cheng Plaza against pressure his S. African newspaper, The Indian Opinion, the from environmentalists has proved that complex language of political cartoons. This Zimbabwe’s efforts towards creation of wealth paper, based on S. African English-language and reduction of gender disparities have been cartoons published in the Indian Opinion visits turned around by this project. This is particularly the fascinating world of a popular form and so in light of the fact that, alongside men, huge traces the reproduction of these cartoons in numbers of women have also taken up jobs in colonial India, decades after they were first the shops within the complex. The paper first published in S. Africa. Such visual connections debates the contestations over changing land use between S. Africa and India in the colonial patterns in urban centres, before it proceeds to context offers a unique opportunity to rethink address the impact of anti-environmentalism on the history and practice of cartooning cultures gender and employment using primary and the production of political knowledge. documents. It also relies on interviews conducted at the site with various key stakeholders, in Bernard Kusena, Rhodes University addition to secondary sources in ventilating these Anti-Environmentalism, Gender and Employment: issues. Contestations Over the Construction of the ‘Frog Hotel’ On Harare, Zimbabwe’s Wetlands, 2012- Adrienne Lemon, Search for Common Ground 2018 Social Media in Democracy: The New Voices That Anti-environmentalism has gained traction as an Emerged during Burundi’s Elections emerging theoretical framework. and its impact Burundi’s tense electoral period in 2015 changed on understanding the shifting boundaries of the face of both political participation and

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conflict for the country. The elections served as a advocacy and empowerment? What are the risks litmus test for the trajectory of democracy, that social media presents in the wake of heavily contested due to the President’s decision conflict? This paper seeks to answer these to run for a third mandate after he was set to questions from Burundi’s case, highlighting step down from power. However, a key element contributions of Burundian activists and citizens. often overlooked in this moment in history is the role that social media played in permanently Tim Longman, Boston University shifting political strategy, and changing the Religious Activists: Exploring Religious Support for organization of political activism both within and Democracy and Human Rights outside of Burundi’s borders. A younger This paper will explore the role that African generation using social media to connect religious institutions play in challenging amongst themselves found leaders outside of governments by promoting free and fair elections traditional spaces. Moreover, social media and human rights. The paper will look in became a key avenue for sharing information in particular at the Democratic Republic of Congo, the wake of diminishing space for traditional South Africa, Kenya, and Burundi at the media, such as radio. involvement of both clergy and laity in supporting human rights organizations, This paper utilizes data collected prior to and organizing protests, monitoring elections, and during the 2015 electoral period, including other similar activities. Given the close interviews and participant observation, to cooperation between religious and political elites explore the ways in which a new generation of that prevails in many cases, what inspires citizens has harnessed the power of social media individuals in some religious groups at particular as a tool for activism. In particular, the paper times to challenge the power of the state? How explores two themes: the impact Burundian much is religious political engagement driven by citizens had on the trajectory of the political local forces and how much by international sphere by engaging in new forms of religious institutions? communication – both within and outside the country, and the power that information sharing Tackson Makandwa, University of gave to citizens during a time when formal Witwatersrand institutions were weak. Lessons learned from this Voices of Mothers: Narratives of Alternative case outline key elements about activism that Maternal Healthcare and Help-Seeking among remain understudied, and are relevant far Migrant Women in Johannesburg, South Africa beyond Burundi's borders. Background: In South Africa, the majority of migrants are found in urban centres in particular The new wave of information accessibility Johannesburg in Gauteng province – where legal, through programs like Whatsapp and Facebook illegal and asylum seekers - face xenophobia, and has fundamentally changed how rhetoric and xenophobic attitude on a daily basis including in advocacy tactics work within nation-states. accessing maternal healthcare. Although there is Burundi, often overlooked as a country that can substantial debate on migrants and their health teach us global lessons about conflict and and well being– little is known about their democracy, serves as an important case alternative maternal healthcare and help-seeking highlighting how new technologies serve to behaviours in the city. Objective: This paper mobilize and inform citizens participating in considers the alternative maternal healthcare democracy. How does citizen-led information and help seeking behaviours (particularly faith- sharing shape the trajectory of democracy? In a based practices) among cross-border country coming out of a post-conflict period, how Zimbabwean and South African migrant women does social media allow citizens to reinvent in Johannesburg, South Africa.Methods: Using

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qualitative approaches in inner-city - and especially interventions geared toward Johannesburg, the fieldwork involved site visits in “common mental disorders” -- interact and region F (one of the 7 health regions in the city of conflict with different ways of knowing and Johannesburg) public healthcare facilities which caring for psychic distress in everyday practice on cover the inner-city space. In-depth interviews the ground. Based on 19 months of ethnographic (repeated sometimes) were conducted with fieldwork in a large South African township, I migrant women (both cross border Zimbabwean focus on the unique positionality of Xhosa mental and South African). Results: findings of the study health counselors as they engage different, and illustrate how fear and uncertainty of risk many times competing, epistemologies in the motivates the participants to pursue alternative attempt to care for families. Exploring one case healthcare systems mainly faith based healthcare in particular in which histories of forced services in the city while maintaining their migration, the ancestors, and Christian medical/clinical schedules. The study illustrates symbolism all play a part, I show how therapists how religion and health are interconnected navigate an intimate understanding of one particularly on how the pregnant body and its family’s predicament by engaging epistemologies vulnerability can be understood. Most of the inaccessible to the mental health practitioners participants in this study exercise choice and with whom they collaborate. In doing so, I critical judgement about the health care systems examine how the therapists’ generational available to them in the city, as they intensify positioning articulate with different forms of praying to the higher being for protection, safe knowledge -- historical, embodied, cosmological, delivery and blessings. religious, psychiatric -- in the attempt to provide care. Further, I examine how therapists straddle Conclusions: An entirely medical view of multiple epistemologies simultaneously while pregnancy and childbirth limits an understanding negotiating unequal dynamics of power -- of the migrant women’s concerns and solutions especially race, class, and gender -- in working to managing their health during pregnancy and with other psychiatric professionals. Rather than childbirth. The narratives challenges people arguing for a strict West vs. non-West binary in embedded in the worldview of science and bio- mental health care, I argue we pay more nuanced medical health who views the alternative system attention to the subjectivity of African medical of health as irrational - alternative health systems professionals, and the everyday practices of provides certain psychological and social support straddling multiple worlds and multiple forms of resources which have real health outcomes. knowledge simultaneously in the same physical space in the attempt to provide care. Stephen McIsaac, University of California, Berkeley Ramah McKay, University of Pennsylvania Postcolonial Predicaments and Knowledge Making Care (Multiple) in Maputo: Situating Production in South African Community “Global” Health in the City Psychiatry What happens if we center our analyses of The resemblances between global health logics medical care in the city, not the clinic? How are and longstanding histories of colonial care and medicine made in Maputo, intervention in sub-Saharan African has been a Mozambique? While critical studies of global central topic in medical anthropology in recent health have unpacked the global power dynamics years. The history of psychological knowledge that shape the provision of care, these analyses production is no different, whose recurrence in often remain centered in clinical spaces. This emerging discourses of “global mental health” paper examines the multiple relations of health, poses a number of important questions. In this medicine, and the city through which women paper, I follow how global mental health models - fashion care for themselves and for loved ones in

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Maputo, Mozambique. Asking what analyses of and courageous, while females are socialized to care emerge when we begin from the city, not be shy, passive, submissive, etc. Children, equally the clinic, the paper shows how care is boys and girls are less valued compared to adults. constituted through and by multiple practices of On the other hand, parents need both sexes of healing, religious practice, biomedical their children become successful, obedient and intervention, and relations of friendship and courageous. In general, this study explore how kinship among women. Clinicians and patients, it children in Amhara region are socialized through shows, work across and between ontological and oral traditions (proverbs/ sayings, tales and relational worlds to fashion possibilities for care idiomatic expressions) through which children and well-being. This work demonstrates the are praised/discouraged to conform to the norms power of feminist STS approaches for analyses of of the society (how those proverbs/sayings and health and medicine that are rooted not in pre- tales are conveying messages of being obedient, determined medical places (such as clinics or gentle, submissive, dominant, subordinate, wise, laboratories) but in multiple, contested, and patience, etc.). The study was conducted through dynamic relations. Building on approaches from qualitative research method. In the course of this feminist and postcolonial accounts of science and study, the researcher predominantly employed medicine, (Harding 2009, Hecht 2002, Langwick key informant interview with elderly (men and 2011, Mavhunga 2012, Pollock and Subramaniam women) and children ( girls and boys) who have 2016) the paper explores the ontologies, lived experiences in positive and negative child epistemologies, and relations of care that socializations as expressed through oral emerge from situated and nonclinical places traditions (such as sayings/proverbs and rather than from spaces and practices of global tales/stories). In addition to key informant health. Ultimately, this paper argues that interview, the researcher consulted books and bringing situated ethnographic perspectives academic journals related to child socialization. together with feminist approaches to care can productively unsettle the stabilizing Abebe Misiker, University of Gondar universalisms that underpin anthropological Identity Dilemma and Mother Tongue Selection in analyses of care and health. Ethiopian Education System the Case of the Agaw Ethnic Groups Since 1991 Mezgebu Mengistie, Addis Ababa University In Ethiopia, after the collapse of the Derg military Determining the Fate of Children: Child regime in 1991, the EPRDF government was Socialization Through Oral Traditions in Amhara established. In 1995 a new constitution was Region, North Western Ethiopia promulgated, which set up a language-based This study deals with the role of oral traditions in ethnic federalism and implemented mother determining the fate of children “positively” and tongue education across the multi-ethnic and “negatively” in Amhara region. Since their early multilingual Ethiopian nation. As a result of this age, Amhara males and females in general and policy, Ethiopians have been encouraged to children in the study communities in particular select their local or regional identity and are socialized according to gender stereotypes implement the policy of mother tongue through the traditional verbal arts which education in their respective regions. Predictably, associate certain activities and tasks with a this has spurred a wave of ethnic regionalism certain gender. Tasks associated with men are that since the foundation of the modern highly valued because they demand strength and Ethiopian state at the end of the nineteenth courage, whereas women’s tasks are valued less century had been hardly seen. Among those because they are considered as to be ‘harmless’ groups who regained awareness of their identity and to demand ‘less energy and strength’. Males are the Cushitic Agaws, which live in different are socialized to be brave, dominant, superior regions of the Amhara National Regional State of

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Ethiopia. These groups created their own opportunities. As elsewhere in Africa, ASGM on “nationality zones” of Awi and Wag Hemra, South Africa’s rand is underpinned by violence which enjoy self-administration and mother which often lead to fatalities. Much of what we language education in Awinja and Hamtinja, know about the mobilities and violence in South respectively. This process has not been without Africa’s ASGM sector on the rand is based on its conflicts. Thus, for instance, the media reporting, very little academic research marginalization of Amharic as a language of has been undertaken to examine how Zama instruction has been seen by many parents as a Zama miners operate and the dynamics that handicap in the development of their children, underpins the activity. There is thus a need for Agaw or Amhara. In addition, the indirect result empirical research to investigate the unfolding of the policy has been the migration outside of regional mobilities, livelihoods and violence in these nationality zones of those non-Agaw the sector. This paper is an ambitious attempt to speakers who do not want to renounce to the map out how ASGM associated mobilities take benefits of educating their children in Amharic. place and unfold across the rand area, and the The paper, which is based on field research and challenges faced by Zimbabwean immigrants informants interviews in the nationality zones of who operate in these mines. The paper pays Awi and Wag Hemra, sheds light on the different particular attention to the way mobilities, dilemmas and conflicts created in the education livelihoods and violence interface in South and administration of the Agaw areas by the new Africa’s ASGM sector and the implications for ethnic constitution. Based on the Agaw case, the long term regional livelihoods. The paper is based paper argues that in order to balance the strong on the review of secondary material and centrifugal and dividing force of the ethnic-based exploratory research undertaken with artisanal federal system a strategic policy which endorses miners in Johannesburg. national unity should be implemented across the nation. Yeukai Mlambo, Arizona State University Co-authors: Aryn Baxter, Arizona State University Grasian Mkodzongi, Tropical Africa-Land and “What Can I Offer America?” A Post-Colonial Natural Resources Research Institute Analysis of Faculty Motivations and Perceptions Regional Mobilities, Livelihoods and Violence in in North-South University Partnerships the Resources Sector: The Case of Zimbabwean International university partnerships are a Zama Zama Miners On South Africa’s Old Rand prevalent internationalization strategy for both Mines North American and African higher education Artisanal and Small-scale Gold Mining (ASGM) institutions, yet the predominance of discourses locally known in South Africa as Zama Zama that reflect the inequities of the global mining is an activity generally undertaken by the knowledge economy among participants poor across sub-Saharan Africa. In the last few perpetuate the very challenges that they are years, the activity has been on the increase designed to address. Using a postcolonial especially across South Africa’s old rand gold framework, this study provides a critical analysis mines. ASGM across the rand is an illegal activity of qualitative interviews conducted with faculty generally undertaken in disused or mothballed members from universities in West Africa and gold mines. The activity has recently been a focus the U.S. participating in an international higher of the media after several miners were reported education partnership. The paper examines the to have died in underground mines. Much of the motivations and perceived benefits of the media reporting shows that ASGM on South partnership among participants at both Africa’s rand is increasingly dominated by institutions. It argues that the history of Zimbabwean immigrants who left their country in inequitable relationships perpetuated by search of new livelihoods and economic globalization continues to shape understandings

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and pose challenges in north-south university commercial capital, as characterised by partnerships. Thus post-colonial approaches xenophobia, on one hand; and cultural continue to be important for evaluating north- creolisation, on another, has, however, largely south higher education partnerships. Findings not been interrogated. As an experiment in show that participants from both institutions are decolonial political economy studies, this motivated to participate based on the presentation aims to ask questions around the expectations and anticipated benefits to their ways in which Johannesburg is a postcolonial institution as well as alignment with their city, where the racist inequitable, apartheid personal goals and objectives. Furthermore, spatial malice survives under neoliberal perceptions of power imbalances between globalisation, and what this means for the black participants at the two institutions are evident. African population, both African migrants and Despite the partnerships’ intent for mutuality South African citizens. Using the concept of sub- and reciprocity, the narratives of both West imperialism (Bond, 2013), I seek to locate the African and U.S. participants reinforce migrations from the rest of Africa to South Africa inequitable hierarchies. At the same time, they in the context of global migrations that have highlight opportunities for working toward been traced back to colonialism and European greater mutuality and intercultural learning conquest of the rest of the world (Nicholson and through north-south collaborations. Sheller, 2016). I argue that xenophobia, which is Recommendations for cultivating reciprocity in mostly Afrophobia (Warner and Finchilescu, north-south partnerships are provided. 2003: 36; Nicholson and Sheller, 2016: 5), covers up the fact that similar to the apartheid era, Khanyile Mlotshwa, University of Kwazulu-Natal where they were mostly restricted to the (UKZN) Bantustans (Biko, 2017:88), under neoliberal Reflections on Black African Subjectivity and globalisation the fate of South African citizens is Rethinking Johannesburg As A Postcolonial and not different from that of African migrants. Diaspora City Johannesburg is a Diaspora for all black Africans, A postcolonial and decolonial study of a place they come to for work and better Johannesburg, South Africa vis-à-vis black South opportunities. It is a fate of exploitation and Africans and black African immigrants that violence. The presentation uses a combination of occupy mostly its margins in townships and inner textual and ethnographic methods. A close study city ghettoes, is important to reveal its absurdity of the media, other literature and observation and pain as a diaspora. Characterising and qualitative interviews with both African Johannesburg as an African city, has tended to migrants and South African local citizens in ideologically hide a history of capitalist Hillbrow, an inner-city suburb in Johannesburg, is exploitation and pain for both South African used to collect data. The collected data is then citizens and Africans immigrants who, due to subjected to a Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) unequal distribution of opportunities in the (Titscher, Meyer, Wodak and Vetter, 2000) to global economy, consider living in the continent’s make sense of black African subjectivity in richest city close to living a ‘good life’. The idea of Johannesburg in the postcolonial moment. an ‘African Diaspora’ on African soil has been denounced for its subtle suggestion that there Wendell Moore, UNISA are spaces where Africans can be aliens on Criminal, Medicinal and Industrial? Unpacking African soil (Mbembe, 2015). The African Cannabis Narratives by Providing An Agrarian Diaspora in South Africa is therefore seen as Alternative arising out of a painful history of colonisation Cannabis is an agrarian commodity that was (Ndlovu-Gatsheni, 2018). The reality of an African made illegal throughout the twentieth century in Diaspora in Johannesburg, South Africa’s most parts of the world. The cannabis plant is the

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victim of complex sets of political and economic Shannon Morreira, University of Cape Town & (agrarian) decisions that culminated in the Anthropology Southern Africa prohibition of every use of the regardless of the Ritual, Undone: Contesting Gendered Traditions plants agricultural benefits. This has created over and Re-Making Knowledge in Zimbabwe time a legalistic narrative about the plant which In December 2016 I received visitors from are mostly attentive to the historical Kufunda Village, an intentional community in a criminalization of cannabis but fail to rural area of Zimbabwe, at my home in Cape acknowledge the agrarian nature of the plant nor Town. My visitors invited me, as anthropologist the agrarian factors that led to its removal from and as fellow Zimbabwean, to come to Kufunda agricultural production. Moreover, an analysis of to work with them in making sense of a ritual the agrarian political economy of cannabis gone awry, in which women had refused to produces a more useful narrative of the follow a gendered cultural script of forgiveness contemporary place the plant occupies in society, and had instead refused to forgive men, re- particularly in the context of the global south. inscribing old symbols with new meanings as a The reason that cannabis narratives are means of contesting patriarchy. As a nation- important to agrarian transformation in the state, Zimbabwe has been active in what global south, South Africa and elsewhere is Comaroff and Comaroff (2012:128) term because it reveals significant aspects of the ways “alternative modernities”, or “self-conscious in which global political economy was designed African efforts to carve out an indigenous to benefit capitalist development through the modernity in explicit contrast to its European control of agrarian goods including agricultural counterparts.” In recent years, however, the produce, land, and labour. Using largely a review political landscape has become increasingly of secondary sources this paper will highlight the authoritarian, and the country has undergone narratives about cannabis and argue for the two episodes of severe hyperinflation in under a inclusion of an agrarian understanding of the decade. Kufunda Village was set up as a direct plant. The paper will show that the most response to these conditions of post-colonial common narrative situates all usages of cannabis modernity. The Village’s inhabitants see within the domain of ‘hard drugs’ and disregards themselves as engaged in a process of learning the fact that the plant is a recreational, medicinal new ways of inhabiting Zimbabwe in the and industrial non-food crop that was aftermath of the socioeconomic collapse of the marginalized for various political economic post-2000 era: including in terms of relationships factors. The second most common narrative is to the land, to the state and to one another. Such the medicinal categorization of cannabis, new ways of being, however, call upon both new currently being popularized, that is useful in and old knowledges. I examine how new repositioning the plant but remains insufficient in knowledges are being created in Kufunda, removing the plant from its control by global including with regard to the respective roles of capitalist political economy. Finally, it will be men and women, as a result of the new argued, that the most useful narrative of modernities Zimbabwe affords. This paper takes cannabis is produced when the plant is viewed seriously the idea that knowledge from the South from the vantage point of an agrarian good. An “affords privileged insight into the workings of agrarian narrative of cannabis consolidates the the world at large” (Comaroff and industrial, medicinal and recreational usages of Comaroff,2012:114), such that the “stranger- this non-food crop and reveals fresh insights concepts” (Da Col and Graeber:vii) with which about the political economy of agrarian anthropologists work can become the grounds development in the global south and South for new social theory. Africa.

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Christopher Morris, George Mason University Basotho women’s own views on sexual rights, Is Post-Colonialism A Relevant Framework for with significant implications for the success of Studying A Former 'Homeland'? HIV prevention efforts. A critical discourse This paper considers the relevance of recent analysis of interviews and focus group data is debate within post-colonial studies for used to conclude that NGOs promote discourses understanding contemporary environmental on women’s sexual rights that align with the governance and political authority in the former discourses prevalent among local young women. Ciskei 'homeland' of South Africa. As scholars However, both discourses reinforce cultural have set about investigating the 'homeland' frames of women’s sexual rights that reinforce phase in longer perspective, an ensuing women’s sexual subservience and discussion has concerned the extent to which disempowerment, thus accounting for young apartheid-era inequities and configurations of women’s continued vulnerability to HIV power continue to shape rural life and infections. government in South Africa. This discussion illuminates larger fault lines within postcolonial Denis Mwiba, University of Livingstonia, CCAP studies-fault lines within which, according to Ann Synod of Livingstonia Stoler, divergent 'analytic postures' emphasize Medicine Killings, Abduction of People With either 'rupture' with the colonial past or Albinism and Wealth Creation in Malawi: A 'continuity' between the colonial past and a History, 1850s-2016 postcolonial present. The Ciskei was distinctive in Malawi stands out as one of the 23 countries in multiple respects-it was a particularly short-lived Africa where people with albinism face extreme homeland, for example-and I argue that an forms of discrimination and human rights abuses examination of layered temporalities and such as abductions, killings and mutilations on hierarchies shaping the present-day region the basis of mythical ideologies that their complicates dichotomous 'rupture' vs. pigmentation is been linked to wealth creation 'continuity' thinking. I contend that laws (Amnesty Report, 2016). Since 2014 for instance, concerning biodiversity conservation and there have been more than 60 recorded cases of commercialization in the former Ciskei, as well as abductions and killings of people living with the growing role of both traditional leaders and albinism in Malawi, a country which has a multinational companies in these endeavors, are minority of such people largely estimated to be especially illustrative case studies in this context. between 7000 and 10000 (Amnesty International Report, 2016). Most often, many people with Mary Danielle Mpalirwa, Carleton University albinism who have fallen victims to such, have “Knowing ‘Her’ Status”: Sex, Gender, and had their body parts sold to traditional medicine Women’s Rights in HIV and AIDS Campaigns, practitioners on the belief that these translate Lesotho into wealth creation. Studies on albinos in Africa Young women in Lesotho are a high-risk group are tthematically patterned on statistical for new HIV infections despite a heavy orientations, objectives of the killings, legal as investment in health programs for that well as policy reflections. Whilst these are demographic. This study investigates sexual important investigations, such studies have failed rights discourses by both NGOs and local Basotho to interrogate the historical framework that women to evaluate how much they align to would effectively address the challenge. This promote women’s sexual empowerment. The study therefore sought to historicize the origins underlying assumption is that how women’s of such mentalities and associated acts on people rights are framed and incorporated into HIV with albinism and how these have overtime campaigns reflects, and seeks to effect, certain shaped subsequent belief systems and practices social mores that may/may not resonate with about albinos in contemporary Malawi. Using

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both primary and secondary sources, the paper navigating central Johannesburg and its many argues that the intersections of historic crevices. The many identities one has to assume mentalities about albinism and poverty levels in order to gain access to spaces that may make have been powerful drivers for such acts which the future imagined a reality. There is also the are historically rooted in pre-colonial theories case the closure of avenues of access to such that albinos are representatives of the spirits of imagined futures, this then presents a case of the wealth. Such perceptions and belief systems as human being able to adapt and become another observed in this study, are what motivates for person either than themselves. contemporary acts against Albinos for use in ‘ritualized wealth creation’. The findings of the Abby Neely, Dartmouth College study recommend that unless people have been Understanding Global Health from the divorced from such mentalities and perceptions, Homestead: Knowledge-Being in Multiple Worlds acts of human rights injustices against albinos What happens if we center our analysis of will persist. medicine in the homestead instead of the clinic? What lessons will we learn about the possibilities Sibahle Ndwayana, Anthropology Southern and limitations of scientific knowledge? I start Africa (ASnA) with Sandra Harding’s provocation that to Subject Par Excellence – Generativity in understand science, we must adopt a Subjectivity: An Ethnography of Ownership in A “standpoint” other than that of Western science. Market in Central Johannesburg In doing so, I center my analysis of the The Yeoville market in central Johannesburg, production of knowledge(s) in the household – South Africa, is surprisingly a place of with the people and their landscapes – of rural convergence for theory, practice, and social life. Pholela, South Africa in order to rethink the Yeoville is at present an interesting place as there development of a world-famous brand of social is a coming together of the past and the future. medicine and an important precursor to global The past is riddled with racial and ethnic health. In this story, social medicine is multiple, violence, mainly apartheid and xenophobia, the taking form not just from health care workers, future is looked to with great expectations of a but also from the bodies, lives, healing practices cosmopolitan place with racial and ethnic and landscapes of Pholela’s residents. To differences settled. In this case, 5 young men are understand the multiple frameworks of health constrained to situations in which the past and and healing enacted in Pholela’s homesteads, I the future constantly shape how they navigate employ the concept of multiplicity, drawing on the city and its inner crevices. There are many diverse scholarship including feminist STS (Barad losses, and even possibilities of death which 2007; Harding 2009; Mol’s 2002), health and result in the changing identities. There are also healing in Africa (Feierman 1985, Feierman and moments of great intimacy in moments of Janzen 1992; Livingston 2005), and critical global uncertainty that also work to shape identities. health (Biruk 2012; Livingston 2012; Crane 2013) This ethnography of 5 young men presents within to emphasize the coming together of knowledge it the dilemma of ownership in a market, which is and being – the multiple ontoepistemologies and a global South phenomenon. However, within worlds of health and healing in Africa. Through this dilemma emerges the social life of ‘Being this work, I bring the idea of multiplicity – the young in Africa.’ The idea of the human being incorporation of knowledge-being worlds beyond plastic in form as described by Achille Mbembe in science – into scholarship about global health Critique of Black Reason presents an interesting and medicine (c.f. Neely and Nading 2017). thought trajectory as it best describes being Starting in the homestead to understand these young in the city. The plasticity of the human worlds promises to teach us much about science, being is best showcased in how one finds ways of knowledge, and being in Africa and beyond.

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Olajide Oloyede, University of the Western Cape maternal death narratives function and structure Shifting Boundaries: The Academic Journal As A potential solutions to the problem of maternal Technology of Transformation in Africa mortality. Following the literary turn in This paper anchors the academic journal in Africa anthropology in recent decades, I am concerned in the wider discourse of knowledge production, with the literariness – its quality of being dissemination and “who speaks for Africa?” The something fashioned – of ethnographic writing paper puts forward the idea of academic journals and relations of power embedded within. Next, I in Africa as transformative technologies within a use Buchi Emecheta’s The Joys of Motherhood in much fuller spectrum of communicative practices parallel with ethnographic writing from my own for societal change, moving the academic journal fieldwork with pregnant and birthing women in beyond its limiting knowledge in a fixed medium southwest Nigeria to explore the ways that for dissemination. It examines the established women piece together different sources of care understanding of academic journals as content in an effort to ensure successful deliveries amidst provider and argues for a reformulation as considerable uncertainty. With this move, I communication service provider, a much useful propose African women’s literature as a way of model in terms of foregrounding what can be complicating representations of African women termed, ‘thinking from within’ as distinct from and thus rethinking possibilities for maternal ‘thinking from without’ in engaging the care. I argue that we have at least as much to challenges of poverty, environment, and societal gain from maternal survival narratives as we do change in Africa. from the often-told maternal death narratives. In focusing on the pathways to death, we have Adeola Oni-Orisan, University of California, San ignored the plethora of ways that women have Francisco & University of California, Berkeley survived, the lengths that women go to in order The Joys of Childbirth: A Poetics of Maternal to ensure safety for themselves and their Death and Survival in Nigeria children. The exceedingly high risk of maternal death in Africa has cast a shadow over experiences and Jessica Ott, Michigan State University representations of the originary moments of Negotiating the Past in the Present: Zanzibari motherhood, childbirth. In the 1980s, amidst a Women’s Rights Activism As A Patchwork of Pan- new awareness of disparities in maternal African, Pan-Islamic, and Transnational mortality rates between high and low-income Connections countries, tragic detailed anecdotes of women Anthropological analyses of women’s and human dying during childbirth emerged as a tool to rights have focused primarily on the recent garner political and economic support for global movement of rights ideas from transnational health interventions aimed at women, or rather sources, like UN meetings and conventions, to mothers. While successfully raising public local contexts. Such an approach, however, concern and billions of dollars in aid, given that understates the influence of much longer local these stories are some of the few stories of histories of women’s and human rights and of African women so widely circulated, it is global connection on contemporary women’s important to ask what else does the genre of rights activism. Based on nine months of maternal death narrative do. What possibilities ethnographic and archival research in Zanzibar, I are foreclosed? How might discursive practices explore the relationship between contemporary around childbirth and motherhood structure the women’s rights activism and Zanzibar’s rich care offered to African women? And what role do histories of women’s rights and Pan-Arab and anthropologists as ethnographers play in this Pan-African connection. For example, the form of knowledge production, authorization, ubiquity of women’s microfinance and savings and promotion? In this paper, I first examine how cooperatives on the archipelago inarguably

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reflect the transnational women’s rights priority obsolete and inadequate data. While of increasing women’s access to capital. ethnography and other methodologies have However, Zanzibari women’s saving provided some concrete insights, scholars and cooperatives, or vikoba, additionally channel policy-makers have agonized for migration data deeply embedded Pan-Africanist cultural values in ways that shows the importance of data to inherent in Ujamaa, or African socialism, and policy-making and knowledge generation on Islamic banking. Furthermore, recent efforts by internal migration in Africa.As this paper argues, Zanzibari women’s rights activists to organize for GSM operators, like banks, collected data on the right of women to become Islamic judges place of origin, date of birth, place of residence, reflect Zanzibar’s intertwinement with Islamic level of education, occupation, local government modernism and its western feminist of origin, local government of domiciliation, etc. underpinnings in the early-to-mid 20th century, from their subscribers. While it could be argued just as they reflect newer Pan-Islamic that bank customers may be limited to Nigerians connections; transnational women’s rights of specific economic categories, GSM subscribers priorities; and again, the lingering resonance of cut across different economic categorizations; African socialism and its ethos of self-reliance. hence, by combining GSM operators' data with My research highlights the position of Zanzibari those captured by banks in the process of the women’s rights activists not primarily as just-concluded Bank Verification Number (BVN) receptors of transnational women’s rights ideas, exercise, it should be possible to have up-to-date but as negotiators of a complex mélange of and adequate internal migration data in Nigeria. women’s and human rights ideas embedded in Other sources of data proposed in the paper Zanzibar’s long history of Pan-Arab and Pan- include those collected by federal, state, and African connections, its more recent Pan-Islamic local government councils; hospitals, the connections, and its entwinement with National Youth Service Corps, among others. transnational women’s rights. While not discounting various problems associated with amazing these data, the paper Bukola Oyeniyi, Missouri State University concludes that generating internal migration data Modeling Internal Migration in Africa: The in Nigeria is far easier than previously thought Question of Data Generation and that lack of creativity at the level of This paper, which derived from an earlier project government is one of the banes militating against on the contributions of internal migration to the existence of up-to-date, adequate, and human development in Nigeria, examines the dependable internal migration data in Nigeria. type, quality and the use of data collected by GSM operators and banks in Nigeria in Bukola Oyeniyi, Missouri State University generating internal migration data. Most studies Internal Migration and Housing Market in Nigeria on internal migration in Africa identify either a By comparing settlement patterns across areas paucity of dependable data or a complete lack of that received immigrant population and those data as an atypical problem facing knowledge that did not in different parts of Lagos, this paper generation on migration and policy formulation. examines the impact of labor migration on For instance, scholars want to know how many housing market in Nigeria. By comparing people moved and from where? Where did they population census over the last 30 years, we did go and for how long? What categories of people an analytical examination of not just changes and moved and how do we measure their continuity in patterns of human settlement in contributions to development both at the place highly populated society like Lagos, but also the of origin and the place of destination? Faced with impact of labor migrants in development. By this kind of problem, scholars have had to either focusing on Alaba Market and Computer Village, do ethnographic studies or make do with we isolated new building constructions such as

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living spaces and shops from old ones in these from a dagger-wielding, arrow-shooting group areas of Lagos. Two important and mutually into a deployer of mobile-phone- triggered IEDs, reinforcing developments that we found are that coordinatingsimultaneous attacks on multiple the need to house new labor (im)migrants into targets. Undoubtedly, the new digital age Alaba Market and Computer Village has driven- guarantees culturalcohesiveness and a more up prices of old houses and shops in these areas. robust outside support that will serve in It has also radically altered housing structures in recruitment, financing, logisticsand training.With these two areas. Secondly, increasing cost of mobile telephoning and internet access providing housing in and around Alaba Market and (dangerous) information andresources to all, Computer Village has not only led to a dramatic what future awaits Nigeria, West Africa and population growth in nearby areas such as Africa should Boko Haram gainaccess to remote Ikorodu, Isheri and Mowe but also created a controlled flying drones, quadcopters, and other frenzied housing development; therefore, 'toys’ fitted with homemadebombs and IEDs? stimulating local economy in construction, What new level of domestic terror would emerge carpentry, plumbing, and associated businesses if Boko Haram develop acapacity for in Ikorodu, Isheri and Mowe. Arising from these cyberterrorism, especially since cyberterrorism two findings, it could be argued that internal affects data and cash, guarantees norisk of migration plays dramatic roles not only in personal bodily harm, involves minimal resources boosting local population, but also in increasing commitment, and affords opportunitiesto inflict revenue accruing to landlords through monthly a higher level of damage? This study examines rents on their houses and shops, but also to these issues and type of responsesavailable to government - federal, state and local council - government in dealing with a technology-driven from VAT, tenement, etc. armed conflict and terrorism.

Bukola Oyeniyi, Missouri State University Amrita Pande, University of Cape Town Technology: Negotiating Tomorrow’s Armed Gendered Bio-Responsibilities and Traveling Egg Conflict and Terrorism in West Africa Providers from South Africa While sources of military hardware, design and “Unsuspecting young South African women are development of Improvised Explosive heading overseas to donate their eggs to infertile Devices(IEDs) Boko Haram used in fighting the couples and earn a free international holiday in Nigerian state are important in countering the process. But, at what cost?” This was the violentextremism, this paper, using the case of voice-over during a news show in South Africa in Boko Haram in Nigeria, examines the impact 2016 that described the phenomenon of young oftechnology on future armed conflicts and white South African women going abroad to violent extremism in Nigeria and West Africa. “donate” their eggs. Through the media, medical AsAfrica enters the new digital age, characterized professionals sought to warn “naïve girls” from by increasing access to mobile “unscrupulous agencies” that were coming after telephoning,internet penetration, 3D printing them. Commentators accused the women of and the Internet of Things; networking between selfishly selling their eggs. Yet egg providers and amonggroups with similar ideologies will retorted by framing their “donations” abroad as improve. As discovered in a recent fieldwork on a rational choice but an altruistic one. Through BokoHaram’s activities across border interviews with traveling egg providers (TEPs), communities in northeastern Nigeria, Niger and doctors, egg agencies and analysis of public and Cameroon,tactical efforts like mobilizing crowds, social media, we critically analyze these disseminating ideologies, recruiting strategic competing discourses by situating them within assets, andsharing technical know-how have the specific context of egg provision in South facilitated the transformation of Boko Haram Africa. We argue that TEP’s defense of their

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involvement may challenge some gendered eradicating AIDS a challenge in sub-Saharan assumptions made by the media and medical Africa, fewer research projects have centered on staff, but at the same time reaffirm what we call the local impact of these biomedical HIV “gendered bio-responsibilities”, or the gendered interventions from the perspectives and nature of the emphasis on (individual) experiences of those living on the ground and in responsibilization of biological citizens. By communities where eradication is underway. focusing on a relatively understudied aspect of Drawing on ethnographic research in a highway the burgeoning literature on biocitizenship we trading center in Kenya, as well as Tsing’s notion argue that the project of biocitizenship is not of friction, this paper demonstrates how current merely emancipatory but assists the expansion global heath technologies used to eradicate AIDS and normalization of new biomedical (e.g. HIV tests, HAART) when inserted into technologies, often without proper emphasis on particular social, moral, and political contexts, the disproportionate obligations on the women sometimes get put to use in unexpected ways, involved. including for local projects aimed at (re)negotiating gender dynamics and inequalities. Elizabeth Pfeiffer, Rhode Island College Optimistic Frictions: Eradicating AIDS and Helena Pohlandt-McCormick, University of (Re)Negotiating Gender Relations in Kenya Minnesota Although there is still no vaccine or cure for AIDS, Co-author: Gary Minkley, University of Fort Hare global health experts have discovered that early The Graves of Dimbaza: Reconsidering the treatment of an HIV diagnosis with highly active Resilience of Race in the Post-Apartheid Present antiretroviral therapy (HAART) not only slows the Dimbaza, in the Eastern Cape of South Africa, is a progression of the disease but can lead to viral marginal space marked by catastrophe and suppression of viral loads and drastically reduce shock: resettlement and removal, forced the transmission of the virus. Treatment as villagization, dispossession and banishment, Prevention (or TasP) has made it possible to intense industrialization and subsequent de- imagine using HAART to treat humanity out of industrialization. Our work examines Dimbaza this disease. The recent past has thus witnessed both in terms of the history of apartheid and in an especially notable ‘biomedical turn’ in global relation to attempts to constitute a more health efforts targeting this epidemic, as well as humane post-apartheid future. Drawing on fueled optimistic discourses about the ‘end of postcolonial critical theory from the South and AIDS,’ ‘an AIDS-free generation,’ and the neglected archives, we argue both for a new ambitious UNAIDS goals of ‘90-90-90 by 2020’ (or reading and sounding of the work of history and 90% of those infected knowing they are of the history of Dimbaza. We focus on the seropositive, 90% of people who know they are disturbing tenacity of theoretical, philosophical living with HIV on HAART, and 90% of those on and historical racial formations and reposition HAART achieving viral suppression). With the intellectual traditions in Africa in response to goal of eradication in mind, the concept of the enduring global (neo)liberalism, crisis and HIV cascade of care—the standard model for empire. This project seeks to engage three quantifying, describing, and analyzing patient broader concerns. One is the uneasiness over the behavior in terms of ‘linkages to,’ ‘retentions in,’ (in)adequacy of our conceptualizations, theories and lost to follow-ups in’ the management of HIV and methodologies in the humanities and history care, overtime—has emerged and shaped the to resolve the challenges of the precarious times research and treatment agendas of many global we live in. A second is the concern for re- and public health efforts all over the world. While sounding the tensions and possibilities that numerous studies have examined the barriers inhere in the unequal and contingent temporal, along the HIV cascade of care that make spatial and conceptual relations between the

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exceptional and the universal, the local and the Makhuwa-speaking people of northern global. This may be differently read as a concern Mozambique. The Makhuwa are not averse to to ‘situate situating’, a challenge to historians’ the newly arrived churches. Many relate to them preoccupation with context posed by critical powerfully, but few remain in them permanently. theorist, John Mowitt. A third is the unsettling Opportunities for rupture are embraced, but encounter with the human subject as a double conversion is not seen as necessarily precluding agent: the object of the work of the humanities return. In my research, I attribute this religious and of humanistic inquiry and the subject of the fluidity to pragmatic and experimental making of race and racism. A humanities inquiry dispositions cultivated by the Makhuwa in their informed by location and history – Dimbaza, long pre-Pentecostal pasts—through migration the setting of colonial conquest and anti- histories and lifecycle rituals—and carried by apartheid resistance – lends itself to asking them into their post-Pentecostal futures. pertinent questions about the lingering effects and repetition of structural, material and Janet Purdy, The Pennsylvania State University epistemological forms of inequality and Carved Swahili Doors As Gateways of Status, difference. Race does not merely haunt South Trade, and Transaction in East Africa Africa and similar “regimes of settler late In the diversely populated Swahili emporium of liberalism” (Povinelli). As escalating violent Zanzibar in nineteenth century East Africa, elites events in the past few years have made commissioned massive, elaborately carved abundantly clear, race and anti-racism are wooden doors to adorn the front entrances of perhaps the critical issues of our time. This work buildings. I submit that these doors may be read is a sounding – an echo sounding – of the as a set of historical documents, especially for grounds upon which Dimbaza’s settler the ways they communicated messages of power colonialism returns to haunt the globe, most and wealth. I focus on definitions of architectural visible in the figure of the ‘native’ space and adornment in Tanzania, and how they migrant/stranger but ambient also in most inform our understanding of power structures, political, economic, ecological and cross-cultural communication, and evolution of epistemological crises of the present. Dimbaza is identity. I focus on the doors not only for their exemplary of something beyond its own location role as iconic Swahili art forms and cultural in time, place and history. It allows us to artifacts famously connected to Indian Ocean introduce different – ‘bastard’ – critical heritage, but also for their broader importance as conceptual questions and perspectives that seek communication devices with documentary and to reposition intellectual traditions in Africa in iconographic information embedded in their the global discourse on the contemporary human historic designs. I argue they present an condition. opportunity to uncover detailed histories in a region where discourse is often flattened or Devaka Premawardhana, Colorado College skewed. Do objects of propaganda have the When Pentecostalism Fails: Religious ability to inform and contribute to our Deconversion in Northern Mozambique understandings of the development of Swahili The often termed “explosion” of Pentecostal society, cross-cultural exchanges, and Christianity is one of today’s astonishing religious relationships between communities in the Indian phenomena. Yet what might be gained by Ocean region, in the past and today? shifting attention from the amply documented places where Pentecostal churches flourish to Janne Rantala, University of the Western Cape the relatively unknown places where they fail? In Rap, Political Ancestors and Power of the Weak this paper, I report on the ambivalence with In this presentation I will examine how rap which Pentecostalism has been received by the musicians in Maputo and other Mozambican

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cities mobilize dead people's voice and memory Nereida Ripero Muñiz, University of the to express their own fresh claims, amplify their Witwatersrand social message, express auto-affirmation and The Port and the Island. The Dynamics of Identity Mozambican identity. This presentation makes and Placemaking among the Somali Diaspora in part of the on-going study conserning rappers' Nairobi and Johannesburg participation to public disputes conserning This paper explores the migration dynamics of national history. In Mozambique, official memory the Somali diaspora between Nairobi and predominantly harks back to the 1964–1974 war Johannesburg, two of the main African urban for independence, and the foundation of modern hubs interconnected by the migration route of Mozambique upon on armed resistance. In Somali migrants.In these two cities Somali contemporary Mozambique, political elites, who challenge, as urban refugees, the widespread still largely consist of former liberation fighters, stereotype of the refugee in Africa, enclosed in a justify their power by utilizing narratives drawn camp, a victimise figure unable to provide for from historical struggles for Mozambique’s their families and completely dependent of independence. At the same time, rappers contest humanitarian aid. Both cities have also become these narratives, actively countering official meta transitional places for Somalis, as they journey narrative through their music and lyrics. Main through or temporally inhabit these two cities in research material are rap songs, videos and lyrics their way to somewhere else in the world. In which invoce dead people, some politicians, them, Somalis navigate both hostility and intellectuals and journalists, and revitalise their cosmopolitanism in their daily life at the same voice. Those songs are analysed through a time that the implementation of cultural and process of ethnographic reading and listening: religious practices has affected the urban materials are contextualised socially and landscape of both cities with the creation of the historically using sensory field experiences as two “little Mogadishus” of Mayfair in essential analytical and interpretive tools of Johannesburg and Eastleigh in Nairobi.This paper material created in the participant observation in explores how everyday practices contribute to events as well as during thematic interviews, and place-making in a context of transnational sharing memories and future visions particularly migration and diaspora and addresses the with younger Mozambicans. The methodology questions of how does place matter in relation to draws upon phenomenological anthropology and identity? How do places shape meaning? What is the anthropology of the senses. I conclude that the role of the imagination in relation to place? rappers are dissatisfied with the current social How do cultural, religious and gender practices order, in a similar fashion to anti-colonial shape urban landscapes in transnational liberation fighters during the war for contexts? independence. Sometimes they ally with deceased participants of the independence Ruth Sacks, Fort Hare University, South Africa struggle, I propose the concept of ‘political The City Can Speak for Itself: Independence Era ancestors’ referring to dead, often controversial, Constructions in Kinshasa (DRC) historical figures who gain new political This paper explores alternative ways of significance after their death. The research approaching built material in African cities by contributes to a wider multidisciplinary way of what the particular agencies of sites can discussion about public memory in the southern tell within greater urban networks. I privilege the Africa, role and authority of dead people and specificities of material interactions within local spiritual ideas concerning them, and localities, rather than reading purely in terms of international hip hop studies. stylistic origin (Europhone art historical analysis) or with the sole intention of critiquing the essentialist tendencies of their makers

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(postcolonial theory). Taking independence era Nadia Sasso, Cornell University structures in Kinshasa as an example, I propose a Am I: Too African to Be American, Too American situated view of sites such as Tour l’Echangeur to Be African? (1974). The purpose is to trace the highly charged For this film project I interviewed seven women trajectory of the active remains of a time when of West African descent and documented their Congolese political autonomy was declared unique stories about identity and the tensions through ambitious constructions. I look at those they have experienced between their West sites erected as expressions of a new national African and American cultural heritage(s). One identity because they can be seen to embody the important charge of the film is to engage the complexity of historic African self representation influx of immigrants that are moving to within the urban fabric. These sites erected in the metropolitan areas in America and those that early years of Mobutu Sese Seko’s regime still return to the home country, intermittently and reveal the nature of the promise of a distinctive permanently. Responses from the subjects in this independence mythology. study, especially their migrations back and forth in the African Diaspora, inform transnational When looking at existing literature on Congolese identities in West Africans communities, architecture, it is useful to mobilize forms of particularly amongst Sierra Leoneans, Nigerians, postcolonial critique. However, the limits of this and Senegalese. In my research and approach are revealed when addressing the lived documentation I also explore the preservation reality of Kinshasa’s urban mass. Mobutu’s efforts made by generational immigrants in order independence building projects entrench to unveil some of the tensions made accessible culturally specific and colonial notions of material via the stories of those participants interviewed form. Nonetheless, when these sites are in the film. This film generates qualitative insights traversed, the material traces they bear suggest a into the fusion of US and African experiences as particular pattern of use within the city that well as several critical suggestions for new demands a more complex engagement. In letting identity formations among those immigrants the sites speak for themselves, they shout across beyond the first generation. Respondents in the the skyline. Still able to function in parts, film are especially poignant when it comes constructions that were once intended as public personal conflicts with identifying culturally, places cut themselves off from everyday urban racially, ethnically, religiously, politically, socially, life. They are physically encroached on by the and creatively via media. This film also shows lives and forms of the urban populace yet they how the women experience their transnational constantly reinsert themselves. Reading these identities via language, culture and acclimation. sites purely in terms of what they reveal about Lastly, the viewer will witness the tension lingering colonial discourse keeps the inherent in simultaneously having a global and conversation centered on that colonialism and local mindset that are sometimes at odds with projects a passivity on the city. In actuality, each other – a fact that often sets each of these Kinshasa has multiple dialogues with both the women apart from their peers. colonial and Mobutu regimes that do not have one direction. If we choose to listen, we can hear Richard Schroeder, Rutgers University the city’s silences and resistentences, anger and Remote Control: Conservation Surveilance and clamoring, as well as its pleasures and Technologies of Power fascinations. Power is increasingly being deployed by well- placed conservation actors over species and spaces of concern through sophisticated – in many cases modified military – technologies which seek to manage, govern, and produce

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knowledge about habitats and the bodies of non- a marketplace. The choice between applied human subjects; for example, see the use of research and basic research (which questions the conservation drones, camera traps, real-time ways in which applied research is produced) is monitoring, satellite based remote sensing not taken in a vacuum. My argument seeks to platforms, microphones/bioacoustic sensors, foreground an intimate relationship that the critter cams, radar, subcutaneous internal academia shares with a country’s economy and monitoring, and dna forensic sampling. politics. Thus, it becomes binding upon “African” Additionally, computers running state-of-the-art academics operating in western economies to be programs, complicated algorithms, and ecological humbler, and more respectful of this distinction, models, are increasingly being called upon in which actually privileges their agency over their conservation for predictive purposes to less fortunate counterparts. anticipate how climate change might impact species ranges, how environmental conditions The second intention of this essay is to argue and weather events might impact migration, against “the conditioning limits of colonialism” in even how a particular animal might behave in post-colonial studies. I argue that despite being response to given stimuli, in effect distancing conscripts to the regime of a power and politics researcher from subject as they are made virtual that was put in place by the excesses of objects of management. In my presentation, I will colonialism, the agency of the African academic is review technologies being deployed at the independent. Across human history, empires, frontier of conservation, and I will discuss the religious movements and contacts with powerful meaning of these changes for how researchers movements of different forms—including relate to non-human species. I will analyze how colonialism and now capitalism—often, either and where power is expressed through these violently or quietly, re-ordered the economic- new techniques, and consider potential political conditions in which less powerful actors consequences of such modes of governance for exercised their agency. There has never been a both humans and non-humans. time in human history where “the primitive” acted without conditioning limits. The agency of Yusuf Serunkuma, Makerere University, Kampala the actors was never excused against the re- The Conditioning of A Native Informer: Politics, ordered terrain, it remained independent and Economies and the Academia As A Marketplace actors were responsible for their actions. By this, I attempt two things in this article: The first is a I intend to argue against African academics who response to Mahmood Mamdani’s framing of continue to bemoan the omnipresent imperial African academics who are hustling in the structures of marginalisation and domination as academic marketplace as “native informers” who often setting the agenda for scholarship. Tying have failed to get engaged in “original knowledge into the first fold of my argument, I posit that production.” Mamdani’s framing mobilises a being a native informer is not a passive nuance of disapproval noting that these native- engagement, but one that is liberating in the informer academics fall short of formulating right sense that the informer often remodels the and timely questions in their communities, and agenda of the donor to ends otherwise instead pander to the questions set outside unintended but in service of their own agenda. continent by the donor, an outsider with a personal/different agenda. These scholars end up Christal Spel, University of Helsinki, Finland as managers supervising data collection. After Pan-Africanism and Migration Management in Marx, I want to argue that African academics do Africa not choose to be native informers, but are This is a conceptual paper that utilizes relevant conditioned to it by the material conditions in literature and fieldwork data to make its which they live. Indeed, the academia is actually arguments. Contemporary African migration

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discourse and management has largely been the improvement of migrants’ experiences in shaped by the ideologies of the modern nation- Africa. More so, regional actions in promoting a state and the far reaching influence of continent wide mobility through the African international interests either framed as human passport initiative and wide reaching trade rights or border control. Both influences, as they agreements that unites countries across sub- shape the everyday experience of ordinary regions suggest a stronger role for regional African migrants in Africa, has left far more to be bodies in influencing the daily experience of desired. For instance, as international human Africans in Africa. In that vein, this paper explores rights advocates make stronger gains in state the contemporary conceptualization of pan- political recognition and signatories, the Africanism through political, economic and social experience of vulnerability by African migrants’ efforts at regional integration by the African increases through xenophobia and extra-legal Union (AU), and links it to the questions of policing of access points by citizens and state migration management in Africa - notably, the officials. In addition, strong and able bodied vulnerability of African migrants/xenophobia and African migrants seeking opportunities for the imposition of international interests. The improvements in well-being, readily turn to paper then argues, that despite the theoretical asylum application for access to residential and political challenge from domineering rights. That contributes to increasing number of western concepts such as nation-state, regional asylum applications to popular states (e.g South framework based on the pan- ideologies, retains Africa), and escalates the clogging of the its relevance in exploring political responsiveness administrative process of managing asylum and substantive care for African migrants. application. In similar vein, the long arm of international interests in shaping the movement Serena Stein, Princeton University of Africans within Africa, often disguised in Seeds, Weeds, Settlers and Thieves: Ethnographic targeted Aids, multilateral agencies Reflections on Land Conflict and Future volunteer/development services, has contributed Conviviality in Mozambique in inflaming political hostility to the presence of The future of food production and its African migrants in selected African countries, at entanglement with conflict is a topic of great times in violation of sub-regional mobility concern for coming decades. Climate change will agreement. In the light of those agents (nation- bring more frequent disruptions to agricultural state and international agents) the role of conditions across southern and east Africa, regional agents is carved as supportive to either threatening suitable farmlands by processes of the nation-state or international agents, giving desertification and disaster. Meanwhile, the regional body a more or less passive role in African population is set to rise dramatically and interventions and responsibilities that concretely urban zones are ill-equipped to absorb influxes of improve the everyday experiences of African countryside youth in search of livelihoods outside migrants in Africa. One theoretical lens that of agriculture. Moreover, the past decade has could frame regional actors in a more active and been witness to a global ‘rush’ of foreign and responsive capacity is the contemporary pan- domestic investments in agribusiness and African ideology. Although there are varied forms speculative investment to rural areas – often of the pan-African ideology, yet, the central aided by government concessions for lands principle of responding to Africa’s already occupied by smallholder farmers – where underdevelopment, challenging the perverse such operations evict communities, distort effect of western domination and informal markets, and introduce contentious reclaim/restore the dignity of Africa and Africans, crops, chemicals and technologies to local suggests its relevance in framing empirical quests ecologies. that seeks to shape policies and institutions for

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This paper draws on 18 months of fieldwork in from wage labor, improved access to inputs, and northern Mozambique among large-scale management’s purchasing of crops at more investments in agriculture, to illustrate the more favorable prices. Nonetheless, locals face severe indirect and less visible ramifications of such inequalities in power that limit their ability to investments in the construction of everyday push their case to a more just outcome. interpersonal and local political conflicts in a Moreover, perceptions of the company's setting where boundaries between legal/illegal, ‘benevolence’ ultimately obscure indirect and public/private and state/corporate interests are sometimes nefarious consequences, including: blurred. At the height of scholarly and advocacy incentivizing the influx of middle-income attention to land grabs and conflict in Africa, urbanite’s capital and smallholders’ Mozambique and its blueprints for rural extensification of agriculture in the area; development occupied the forefront of fortifying an emergent commercializing class that international concern. However, few studies is adversarial to local leadership; and sparking a have accompanied the local realities of wave of interfamilial tensions over violent theft, agribusinesses wrought by investments over as well as divorce and alimony. time. In this paper, I focus on a 5,000-hectare corn and soybean project that represents a Emily Stratton, Indiana University unique conjunction of Portuguese investment, in God We Trust': Economic Aspirations, Brazilian management, and Mozambican labor, Transnational Imaginaries, and Popular Religion elite interests, and regulation. Through extensive among Youth in Accra, Ghana involvement with the local community, and This paper argues that one of the most privileged access to the directors of the productive methods for understanding religion in agribusiness, I provide ethnographic description contemporary urban spaces—especially in of the day-to-day realities of food production Africa’s rapidly expanding, economically that unsettles popular narratives of colonial precarious, ethnically diverse, religiously plural, continuity, BRICS imperialism, and small-holder and cosmopolitan cities—is to study anything but exploitation and resistance that have emerged the overtly religious. Selecting unconventional across ‘land grab’ politics and discourses in the topics such as law, pop culture, friendship, or past decade. economic exchange, rather than specific faith communities, spiritual leaders, or textual, This paper has three objectives: 1) to reflect on a mythical, or ritual traditions breathes not only local experiences of displacement, theft, and fresh, but important insight into understanding conflict precipitated by the agribusiness project; the current role and future trajectories of religion 2) to trouble common-held narratives regarding in African cities. As a demonstrative illustration, agribusiness, resistance, violence and food this paper focuses upon transnational security; and 3) to explore the case through the imaginaries—specifically, “America” as a social ethical lens of 'conviviality' to helps us construct—shared by many young adults— interrogate future possible arrangements of land, regardless of how they may identify ethnically or settlers and belonging in Africa. religiously, nor in what kinds of religious activities they may or may not participate—in Accra, Conducting participant-observation in land Ghana. Many young people in Accra (and registrar offices, village courts of law, local party elsewhere in Ghana) view “America” with a leadership, grain trading posts, cooperatives and relatively unshaken esteem, set the United States among encounters between agribusiness and as the ultimate goal destination for future community, I argue that the land investment is immigration, and proudly display American flags largely construed as legitimate and desirable by and related imagery in a multitude of ways. local producers due to marginal benefits gleaned Indeed, the iconic stars and stripes, and

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complementary images like Lady Liberty, the participated in genetic studies in the 1980s and dollar sign, and phrases like “In God We Trust” 1990s that aimed to substantiate their oral and “God Bless America” are among some of the history of descent from Jews. The publicity that most ubiquitous components of Accra’s the studies generated, which included BBC, cityscape. NOVA, and Discovery Channel documentaries, in turn generated interest in the Lemba among Drawing upon original ethnographic research American Jews and among some African conducted in Accra from parts of 2016 through American Israelites. Each reached out to Lemba the present, this paper first examines what people to find connection and to offer guidance “America” is to the city’s young people, how this on particular kinds of Jewish religious practice; at construct came to be, and what role it plays in the same time, Lemba people also began to shaping their understandings of the world, their connect with South Africa’s white Jewish place therein, and what constitutes the good life. community. Each of these kinds of connections The paper then treats “America” analytically as generated distinct narratives about race and “the sacred” (or at least as a religious icon), and religion, and about the parameters of Judaism. the mythic, material, and symbolic culture that Based on ethnographic research with Lemba surrounds it as a kind of “poplar religion.” The people in South Africa between 2004 and 2016, point here is not to insinuate that a transnational this paper considers Lemba narratives of their imaginary constitutes a religion, but to encounters with American Jews, African demonstrate how treating “America” or other American Israelites, and South African Jews, and seemingly non-religious topics in religious terms their reflections on their relationships to Judaism as an analytical exercise can elucidate important and Christianity. It pays particular attention to things that other methodological approaches to the ways that some Lemba people have studying religion cannot do, or may struggle to embraced an indigenous African Jewishness, and do. Studying religion by way of not studying the shifting interplay of religion, race, and culture religion helps identify shared—and contested— that inform such a subject position. The paper values, cosmologies, meaning-making joins recent calls to rethink Jewishness and mechanisms, and lived practices that transcend Judaism in Africa in a way that centers the black the confines of specific religious communities majority of African Jews, and that takes their and their spaces. It equips scholars with religious innovations seriously and on its own additional tools for examining, expanding, terms instead of as a litmus test to prove or contracting, or flat-out rejecting classificatory disprove their Jewish authenticity categories like “religion,” “culture,” “church,” (Brettschneider 2015). It argues that Lemba “custom,” “tradition,” “occult,” among more indigenous African Jewishness opens up new specified taxonomies that are not only currently ways to think about the history and future of (and previously have been) employed in Judaism in Africa, and further, that it raises new scholarship, but also for those terms have been questions about the work of religion as a site of codified in to laws and policies that, accordingly, knowledge production about Africa. provide or deny certain individuals and groups various legal benefits, privileges, and protections. Tezera Tazebew, University of Gondar Can the Subaltern Be Global? African Perspectives Noah Tamarkin, The Ohio State University and on the Structure of Globalization WiSER We live in an age defined by globalization. Indigenous African Jewishness and Religion As A Worldwide, the quintessential transformation of Site of Knowledge Production our age is globalization. Africa’s place in the Lemba people became internationally known as world can’t be rightly examined without a due black Jews and a lost tribe of Israel after they attention be given to globalization. Much has

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been said, and written about the globalizing adjudicators, traders, travellers, etc. It is true, of world where we live now and the benefits and course, that much knowledge is indeed impacts of globalization to Africa. Often the generalised, ‘cultural’, or specific to genders, beneficiaries are assumed to the free traders, the castes, or classes. This especially true of the kinds powerful multinational corporations, and African of knowledge that academics have focused on, elites. In this view, globalization is taken to be for instance, agriculture, & pastoralism, politics the sport of the ‘Westerners’, Europeans and and history, kinship and kingship, law, religion, North Americans. The non-Westerners are the literature, and the other classic categories of dominated, subordinated subjects. This essay analysis in African studies. But not all knowledge attempts to provide a critical reflection on is of the generalised ‘cultural’ sort. By taking this globalization in Africa. After historical-qualitative specialised knowledge and technologies as the analysis, the paper argues that even if domain of persons—the experts, artisans, marginalized, the subalterns still display specialists, and ‘makers’—we can better multifaceted agency in the globalization understand the role of specialised processes. Everyday lived experiences of the knowledge/technologies in African history and ordinary people are indications how the societies. This theoretical intervention is based subaltern be globalized in the African context. on my current work with artisanal miners in contemporary South Africa and Zimbabwe, the Robert Thornton, University of the archaeology of mining and metallurgy, the Witwatersrand significance of and manufacture of glass and Artisanal Craft and Expert Knowledge in Africa: glass beads, my long-term study of specialist The Neglected Role of Specialised and healers known as ‘sangomas’ or ‘traditional Individualised Knowledge Practices healers’, and other archaeological and Generalising, we can say that African knowledge ethnographic sources. This points towards the and technologies are usually attributed to type of social orders known as heterarchy and ‘cultures’, or ‘societies’, when in fact specialised networks, and the importance of ritual knowledge is held and practiced by individuals or exchanges and regional economies. It moves restricted ‘schools’ or guilds. The personal, away from the more usual attention to hierarchy, specialised, restricted, even ‘magical’ and ‘ritual’ long-distance trade, commodities, and standard knowledge in these ‘crafts’ is often attributed to theories of politics and economics. We can read some named population or ‘tribe’ as on a the transformative power of technologies and museum tag. This generalisation is true, specialist knowledge back into African studies. especially, in archaeology, museology, and historical writing since knowledge is frequently Erin Torkelson, University of California, Berkeley based on extremely limited sources such as Life on an Installment Plan: Social Grants, Debt archaeological and ‘cultural’ materials (‘material and South Africa culture’), patchy coverage by archival texts, oral Comprising $11 billion per year and supporting histories/texts, rock paintings, among other 18 million citizens (33% of the population), South sources. Artisanal or craft techniques and Africa’s social welfare program is, by far, the technologies include making of stone largest in the developing world. With many state implements, wood carvings, ceramics, beads, distribution programs lagging, social grants have painting, sculpture, basketry, houses, thatching, become one of the primary ways that poor Black leather, clothing, metals and metallurgy, and South Africans experience a break from the even glass and glass beads. Other kinds of colonial and apartheid past. In 2012, the South specialised knowledge include that of priests, African Social Security Agency (SASSA) contracted healers and ritual specialists, hunters and a multinational corporation, Net1 UEPS ‘gatherers’, musicians, poets and bards, Technologies (Net1), to pay non-contributory,

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means-tested social to children under 18, adults Sarah Van Beurden, The Ohio State University over 60, and people with disabilities. The Zairian Avant-Garde: Modes of African Paradoxically, this ambitious and progressive Modernism in the Context of the Global South redistributive policy – a grand experiment in the In December of 1974, Zaire’s president, Mobutu tradition of social welfare and cash transfer – has Sese Seko, went on a diplomatic visit to China. proven to be not only fraught with risk and Traveling with him was a selection of the works insecurity but also incapable of addressing the of a group of modern Zairian artists who called crippling legacies of apartheid. This is largely themselves the Avant-gardistes zaïrois. The because South Africa’s social welfare program paintings and sculptures were intended to help follows the World Bank's “financial inclusion” promote the cultural image of the Zairian state recommendations: promoting the privatization of under the leadership of Mobutu. The visit was welfare distribution through biometrically- symbolic not only of Mobutu’s political desire to secured bank accounts linked to mobile phone form alignments with powerful nations in the technologies and profitable financial products Global South, it also hints at the growing role of (such as airtime, electricity, insurance, and modern art in Zaire’s engagement with the loans). The challenge of “financial inclusion,” via Global South. This paper will explore the history social welfare distribution, is to regulate the of visual modernism in Zaire from the contradictions of simultaneously providing social perspectives of its connections –creative, grants for basic needs, while encouraging economic, and political- to the Global South. recipients to use their benefits to purchase Mainly focusing on the work of the Avant- financial products and services. Under these gardistes Zaïrois, I will connect their emergence circumstances, “financial inclusion” has come to and rise with the global cultural politics of Zaire’s look a lot like the “company town” – where the Mobutu regime, with particular attention to their same company pays wages, sells products, relation to Senegalese Modernism and the extends credit, and garnishes wages. circulation of their art in the Global South.I will use this history as an avenue to question the In this paper, I follow Sophia, a 36-year old contexts in which histories of African Modernism farmworker and mother of four, living the effects have been located in scholarship, arguing for a of life in debt via her social grant payments. In shift in focus to the Global South. telling Sophia’s story, I examine the history of debt in South Africa through colonial and Anjuli Webster, University of Dar es Salaam apartheid labor regimes and, more recently, Settler Colonialism and Social Science in South through social grant distribution. I then discuss Africa how Sophia and a number of other grant holders Anthropology as a discursive practice 'encodes have attempted to pay off their debts and end and reproduces the hegemonic process of their insurance contracts in an attempt to refuse colonial settlement' (Wolfe 1999: 3). In South “financial inclusion.” Both SASSA and Net1 make Africa, the discipline was formalised within the this nearly impossible – framing these women as transatlantic movement and networking of aberrant, irresponsible, and the constitutive philanthropists, missionaries, and academics outside of “financial inclusion’s” disciplined between South Africa, the British Empire, and the subjects. As such, I explore how the politics of United States in the early twentieth century. “financially inclusive” cash transfers reconstitute Some key moments in this historical drama subject populations – transforming recipients not include the work of C. T. Loram on 'The Education into “owners,” “entrepreneurs,” or even of the South African Native' (1917), based on a “beneficiaries,” but rather “debtors” beholden to doctoral dissertation completed at Columbia both predatory companies and government. University, the appointment of English anthropologist A. R. Radcliffe Brown as the first

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chair in Anthropology at the University of Cape digital map-making. My aim is to complicate Town in 1921, and the advent of the Inter- notions of map-making as a technique of University Committee for African Studies in 1932. knowledge-making inevitably tied up with The advent of the Native Affairs Commission in colonial expansion and control. I look at the 1920, followed by the 1927 Native geometric markings and abstract engravings at Administration Act, and the creation of the South the Driekopseiland rock art site in the Northern African Institute of Race Relations (SAIRR) in Cape, at the expansive stone-walled homesteads, 1929 constituted different iterations of and terracing, and intensive farming networks of the nodes within this developing schema of racial Bokoni in eastern Mpumalanga province, at liberal praxis in South Africa. This schema was archived maps on paper made by young refugees interrelated, ideologically, intellectually and from southern Angola in the 1880s, and at financially, within a broader transnational Dorothea Bleek's 20th-century project to map network of imperialism and white supremacy southern African languages onto the landscape, across the Atlantic. The SAIRR, a liberal research as examples of landscape marking and identity- institute based in Johannesburg, together with making in diverse contexts. Against this historical the newly established Bantu Studies Department trajectory, I discuss the surge of mapping at the University of the Witwatersrand projects available online, many designed with constituted social scientific iterations of liberal recuperative intent, and discuss their relevance colonialism. This paper will consider the ways in for an embryonic digital mapping project being which the advent and development of the social planned for Johannesburg, South Africa. Called sciences, in the form of the Wits Bantu Studies JoziQuest, the project aims to make visible the Department and the SAIRR, in early 20th century intricacies of space and memory in a city that Johannesburg depended on the silencing of the remains structured by legacies of apartheid and processes and structure of conquest in South exclusionary urban planning, which continue to African history, and the production of a scientific haunt the present. racial liberal discourse on the ‘Native Question’. In doing this, I will explore a particular ‘intimacy’ Pnina Werbner, Keele University of empire (Lowe 2015) through which Co-author: Richard Werbner, University of imperialism was made ‘legible’ across the Manchester Atlantic through social scientific production. The A Case of Inheritance: from Citizens’ Forum to paper will also offer some reflections on the Magisterial Justice in Botswana’s Customary longue duree interconnections between the Courts advent of settler colonial social science and Botswana’s customary courts were known in the research, and contemporary social science past for their procedural openness to debate and pedagogy and praxis in South Africa. public opinion-making. The chief or headman presided over the court but allowed members of Jill Weintroub, Wits City Institute, University of the court, usually in ascending order of seniority, the Witwatersrand to express their views on the case, before finally Title Deeds: Reading Maps in Space, Place, and reaching a judgement. Most scholars of Tswana Mind society, from Isaac Schapera onwards, agree that My intention in this visual provocation is to the chief’s final judgement was responsive to collate examples of archived documents, public opinion as expressed during a hearing. It including maps, and marks in the landscape, that was this public debate that made Tswana have surfaced in the course of my intellectual customary law ‘living law’, reflecting current journey through the past decade-and-a-half, and understandings and changing normative to draw these diverse records of place-making assumptions. But early on in the history of the into conversation with contemporary modes of Protectorate, this customary form of consultation

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was challenged by Sir Charles Rey, the first British knowledge and conflict resolution mechanisms. High Commissioner to Bechuanaland, who issued The second is addressing not only national, but a proclamation authorising nominated court also regional, cross-border conflicts. members only (not necessarily chiefs) to act as judges. The challenge was at the time de facto Although including these in transitional justice rejected following a failed appeal by frameworks is important, there is currently a lack two prominent Tswana chiefs, and so the matter of empirical, cross-national data to really rested for 90 years until an amendment understand what African conceptions of justice in Botswana’s Customary Law Act, in 2013, are, how conflict resolution mechanisms function almost as an afterthought, granted chiefs and how conflict resolution is practiced across or presiding court headmen sole decision-making borders. authority, without the need for consultation. This new dispensation was evident in the chiefly This paper presents the findings from a conduct of a customary court case convened in comparative study of the Great Lakes region and 2017 to consider the inheritance of the Southern Africa by a team of researchers at the properties of a long-deceased man in University of Pretoria, South Africa. It draws on Moremi village. It seems, however, that not all the fieldwork that was undertaken in Burundi, customary courts in the district were following Zimbabwe, Mozambique and Namibia in an the new edict and there was also some confusion attempt to contribute to the identified gaps in among court participants regarding the the empirical data. chief’s requirement to seek advice from his counsellors and village elders. This indicated Leslie Witz, University of the Western Cape that consultative citizens’ courts were an Portuguese Discovery of Brown V. Board of entrenched feature of customary law, not Education: Undoing and Redoing A Museum of easily overturned by a statutory ruling from World History in Africa above. Nor was it clear why the ruling had been Focusing on the Bartolomeu Dias Museum made as it had, almost imperceptibly, in a complex in Mossel Bay, South Africa, this paper footnote. The paper will consider the considers the limits and possibilities of changing implications of this radical legal reform from world history in a museum in Africa. It takes the above for an understanding of legal pluralism and notion of world both as a site of representation customary law as living law, both in Botswana and a set of linkages to examine processes of and comparatively. history making. In the museum an older notion of world history based upon notions of European Cori Wielenga, University of Pretoria discovery is being challenged by a new world Co-authors: Chenal Matshaka, University of history from the perspective an anti-racist moral Pretoria & Ruth Murambadaro, University of economy. This is a world history that parallels Pretoria both the worldwide trend towards memorial Justice On the Margins: Transitional, Tradition- museums and the changing history curricula in Based and Transboundary Justice in Africa South African schools where comparisons In the past few decades, transitional justice has between the US civil rights movement and become an integral part of post-conflict struggles against apartheid are central. In the peacebuilding. Regional frameworks to guide case of the Dias museum sometimes, and quite transitional justice processes in Africa are being inadvertently, these new world histories developed that emphasise two neglected areas in challenge the very foundation of the museum transitional justice practice: The first is anchoring itself. This occurred when the travelling transitional justice practices in African exhibition from the Smithsonian Institution, conceptions of justice and drawing on indigenous Separate is not Equal: Brown v Board of

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Education was displayed at the museum. At other scholarly approaches to literatures as an times the temporary exhibitions that invoke advantage and inspiration, instead of an essential global struggles against racism were mere add- weakness (Gikandi, 258).In this paper, taking into ons to the same frameworks of African history as account my own subjective position as an the outcome of European discovery that were set immature East Asian female student who is still in place when it first opened its doors in 1989 as struggling to break the cultural boundaries apartheid was coming to an end. Changing between East Asia and Africa, I compare my own histories always means having to reconfigure translation of Paulina Chiziane’s Niketche with spaces, their design and their meanings, and in the translation of the same work by David this case the overwhelming exhibitionary Brookshaw, a renowned British scholar and thematic of Portuguese discovery. Yet the add-on professor who publishes and translates widely on of Separate is not equal did destabilize the literatures written in Portuguese in the different museum and its histories precisely because it was continents. While there are important things for so incongruous. me to learn from Brookshaw’s writings and translations, my reading of many books that he Xiaoxi Zhang, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor translated, including Niketche, often differs from How to Learn from An Inconclusive Translation of that of his at several different levels. By studying An African Woman’s Writing? the insights that can be generated through a In his essay “Contested Grammars: Comparative comparison of these two translations, one Literature, Translation, and the Challenge of mature version by a renowned, well-established Locality”, Simon Gikandi brings forward a critique scholar in the West, and another inconclusive on the systematic preclusion of consideration of version by a student whose connections to both literatures from Africa and South Asia in the the West and the different non-Western spaces, modern disciplines of Comparative Literature and both linguistically and geopolitically, are still not Translation Studies which extends its influence to absolute, I explore the extent to which my other non-Western spaces such as East Asia. By reading and my translation of Niketche may saying that East Asian literatures can be more generate productive insights into the reading of easily embraced because “they promised cultural Chiziane’s book from different linguistic and entities that could be disciplined into a unified thematic standpoints, on one hand, and may structure” which enables an East/West contribute to the overall discussion towards a comparison that satisfies the “desire for non-violent transcontinental paradigm of totalization inherent in the comparative modern comparative literature and translation method”, Gikandi reveals the shared violence studies, on the other. My tentative argument is (despite with different manifestations) behind that many literary or academic works from the Westocentric treatments of literatures from contemporary African writers encourage me to the non-West in the two disciplines that are value my own experiences as an “inconclusive” often self-justified for their desire to break the modern subject at different levels, and it is linguistic and cultural boundaries in studies of through the valorization of these complex, literatures, and points to a productive direction different experiences that non-exclusive for conversations between writers and readers conversations between writers and readers from from East Asia and Africa which may take the (seemingly) radically different non-Western inconclusiveness of the disciplinarity and the lack spaces become a possibility. of methodological rigorosity of the Westocentric

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Roundtables (listed in alphabetical order by title)

China and Industrialisation in Africa (Moderator: Grass-Roots Ecumenism and Religious Vusi Gumede) Reconciliation in Postcolonial Africa (Moderator: Panelists: Vusi Gumede, UNISA; Akhona Richard Werbner) Nkenkana, UNISA; Dikeledi Mokoena, UNISA; Panelists: James Amanze; Maria Frahm-Arp, Kwesi D.L.S. Prah, East China Normal University; University of Johannesburg; Asonzeh Ukah, Victoria Qhobosheane, UNISA; Anelisa Funani, University of Cape Town; Ilana van Wyk, UNISA University of Stellenbosch; Richard Werbner, University of Manchester China has become the largest trading partner with Africa and that has contributed to growth in This proposal takes the theme to the shifting many African countries. China has also boundaries and boundary work through which contributed billions of dollars in building grass-roots ecumenism and religious infrastructures across the continent. Despite this, reconciliation emerge or are blocked in structural transformation continues to be of high postcolonial Africa. The roundtable debate will importance in Africa because commodity exports bring anthropologists, Ilana van Wyk and Richard have limited capacity to bring about job creation Werbner, together with comparative religion and increase competitiveness. Critics of Sino- scholars and theologians, James Amanze, Maria African relations argue that China is building its Frahm-Arp, and Asanzeh Ukah. One aim will be to industrial sector at the expense of Africa’s interrogate postcoloniality, to ask how it is industrialisation. In particular, the massive significant in post-conflict and other societies for exports of commodity and minerals to China the turns that quests for unity and co-operation were essentially fuelled by boom in take in the face of recognized difference, and in manufacturing and industrialisation in China. relation to new religious movements. Another These issues merit further investigation and aim will be to contextualize the local cultivation analysis in the context of the overdue structural of ecumenism or resistance to it in the light of transformation in Africa. Diversification of our complementary perspectives on the linkage economies in Africa has been limited, especially between the religious change and certain since the introduction of the structural conflicts over identity and citizenship. adjustment programmes in the 1980s and 1990s. Within this period, Africa’s share in global Negotiating Anthropology in Southern Africa manufacturing value added dropped significantly. during A 'Negative Moment' (Moderator: Hemali Overall, Africa remains marginalised in global Joshi) value chains. The China and Industrialisation in Panelists: Treasa Galvin, University of Botswana; Africa Roundtable focuses on investigating the Hemali Joshi, University of Johannesburg; Helen current state of industrialisation in Africa in MacDonald, University of Cape Town; Shannon terms of the challenges of capital mobilisation, Morreira, University of Cape Town & skills and infrastructure needs, job creation and Anthropology Southern Africa; Rosa Persendt, the role of China in these processes. University of Namibia

“Twenty one years after freedom, we have now fully entered what looks like a negative moment…A negative moment is a moment when new antagonisms emerge while old ones remain unresolved.” Achille Mbembe, 2015, in

Africa in the World: Shifting Boundaries and Knowledge Production Page 51

Decolonizing Knowledge and the Question of the there will be an open, informal question and Archive. answer period where attendees/potential authors may speak individually with journal The 2015 and 2016 student movements and editors. protests raised both old and new questions and ignited debate on the decolonization of Shifting the Geography of Reason: African Voices education in South Africa. Given social (Moderator: Siphamandla Zondi) anthropology’s entanglement in the process of Panelists: Faith Mabera, IGD; William Mpofu, Western colonialism, the discipline is again University of the Witwatersrand; Sabelo Ndlovu- grappling with the decolonization of knowledge, Gatsheni, UNISA, Bongani Nyoka, UNISA; research frameworks and scholarship. Some Siphamandla Zondi, University of Pretoria anthropologists in southern Africa (and across Africa) have been reflecting on these issues since The panel seeks to contribute to demonstrating the 1960s, whereas others are only beginning to what practically does it mean to shift the engage with epistemic questions post-2015 and geography of reason in the process of 2016 events. decolonizing knowledge. Originating in critical meditations about epistemically rebelling This panel welcomes engagements with against, challenging, and de-linking from Mbembe’s notion of the ‘negative moment’ in Eurocentric claims to knowledge, negations of the context of the discipline in and across other-knowledges and silencing of alternatives, southern Africa and Africa more broadly. We use the concept of shifting the geography of reasons the recent debates as a departing point to allows for understanding such different engage in energetic discussions on the ‘academic intellectual strategies as unmasking endeavour’ within this ‘negative moment. Eurocentrism, developing alternative concepts and theories born in the margins of the Publish That Article! How to Address an African Eurocentric world of knowledge, and seeking Studies Audience and Beyond (Moderator: authentic ways of understanding situations in the Benjamin Lawrance) world. It enables a whole range of agency of the Panelists: Maxim Bolt, University of Birmingham; global south both to rethink and unthink Divine Fuh, CODESRIA; Claudia Gastrow, extraverted knowledge born of coloniality. University of Johannesburg; Benjamin Lawrance, Shifting the geography of reason therefore ASA African Studies Review Editor; Shannon entails subalterns and Africans in particular Morreira, University of Cape Town & thinking from where they are and entering global Anthropology Southern Africa; Sean Redding, discourses from their own standpoint. Critical in Amherst College this regard is to reflect on meditations of African thinkers and activists that have sought to shift In this roundtable, organized as an information the geography of reason and apply them to session for scholars seeking to publish their work, current developments in Africa and the world. the editors of leading African journals will make This proposed panel will do just that with papers brief formal presentations on scholarship, on the thinking of Amilcar Cabral; Mahmood substance, and writing guidelines as well as the Mamdani; Ibn Rushd; Wangari Maathi, and target audience for the “ideal” manuscript Bernard Magubane on a range of questions, from submission to their journal, how the review the African state, through rationalism and process works, what a successful submission religion, ecological justice, shifts in African looks like and other guidelines for potential political thought to consciousness across the authors. Following the formal presentations African diaspora.

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Workshops (listed in alphabetical order by title)

"Three Women (Break the Silence)": 2. Upon completion, participants will be Performance Methodologies in African able to articulate one or more strategies Knowledge Production for incorporating performance Participants: Omotayo Jolaosho, Univerity of methodologies in their scholarship South Florida 3. Upon completion, participants will be Vernice Miller, John Jay College of Criminal able to evaluate ethical considerations Justice, CUNY entailed in performance-driven scholarship through examination of one “Three Women (Break the Silence)” is a such collaborative project, "Three collaboration between playwright/performer Women (Break the Silence)" Omotayo Jolaosho, and Vernice Miller, who is directing the project. Drawing from fieldnotes Afropolitan Futures and the Politics of and interview transcripts, “Three Women” Entrepreneurship in the Lagos Tech Startup examines women’s distinct experiences of Ecosystem vulnerability and community within activist Participant: Kanyinsola O. Obayan, Cornell collectives. The script and resulting performance University unfolds around themes including romantic entanglements, physical wellbeing, humanizing In 2016, the Lagos startup ecosystem was put on support, and what it means to find one’s voice the global map with the $24 millioninvestment of amidst gendered repression. We plan to present Mark Zuckerberg and Priscilla Chan’s a 20-minute excerpt followed by activities to help foundation—the Chan ZuckerbergInitiative—into workshop participants articulate potential uses of Nigerian tech startup Andela (Agbugah 2016). performance methodologies in their scholarship. Even as many people wereexperiencing the Participants will receive a worksheet and severe effects of an ongoing economic recession, resource pack to aid in the completion of these Andela’s story helpedto reinforce long-standing activities. The workshop will conclude with an notions of Lagos as a city of entrepreneurs. open discussion with the audience guided by Indeed, mypreliminary research in Lagos has concerns including:• The role of performance in shown how uncertain sociopolitical and producing knowledge about African women’s economicconditions shape people’s perceptions lives;• How the epistemological potential of of hope and possibility. I was extremely performance extends beyond research surprisedwhen my informants repeatedly encounters in the field;• Performative writing referred to Lagos as a place of opportunities and performance ethnography as dissemination where“anything can happen” amidst the worst methods that re-configure and transcend recession in 29 years. However, these fieldwork experiences; and• The collaborative seeminglycontradictory processes demonstrate process of staging performance and the ethical the complexities of urban life in Lagos commitments that entails. wherein“uncertainty can be used to negotiate insecurity, conduct and create relationships, and Learning Objectives actas a source for imagining the future with the hopes and fears this entails” (Cooper andPratten 1. Upon completion, participants will be 2015: 2).This project ultimately investigates how able to identify performance tech entrepreneurs in the Lagos methodological approaches relevant for startupecosystem deploy narratives and practices African knowledge production of entrepreneurship as tools to

Africa in the World: Shifting Boundaries and Knowledge Production Page 53

negotiate,imagine and create (global) African In this workshop, an emerging collaborative futures. Through the use of ethnographical partnership between the International Library methods:close observations of everyday of African Music (SA), the African Urbanism interactions, direct and open-ended interviews, Humanities Lab at the University of Virginia (US), anddocument analysis, it asks: How do Ntigna Ntaba kaNdoda Development Centre socioeconomic and political uncertainties (Keiskammahoek, SA) and Around Hip Hop Live andaspirations for the future play into the Cafe (SA), our team considers how ethnographic formation and proliferation of startups and small recordings can be 'unleashed' and experienced tomedium enterprises in Lagos? In addressing when activated beyond sound archives. Our this question, I bring together theories projects are based on ongoing research through onentrepreneurship, neoliberalism, the world's largest collection of sub-Saharan afropolitanism and African urbanism from the African recordings: the International Library of fields ofAnthropology (economic, urban, African Music, in South Africa's Eastern Cape. cultural), Science and Technology Studies, Building on approaches from ethnomusicology, Urbanstudies, and Postcolonial Studies. sound art, museum studies, community engagement and anthropology and global Learning Objectives development studies, the sound stories we trace span from taxis and townships, urban nightclubs 1. Upon completion, participant will be able to global art galleries and museums, archive to define afropolitanism and futurity. shelves to the living choreography of everyday 2. Upon completion, participant will be able life. While the act of archiving always anticipates to describe the historical, social and future use, we discuss and share ways in which cultural transformations of recordings can have new afterlives as sound entrepreneurship in Lagos. experiences to be circulated, represented, 3. Upon completion, participant will be able exhibited and debated. to demonstrate an understanding of contemporary practices of tech We propose an open workshop forum that will entrepreneurship in Lagos and how they showcase and share some of our practical are being mobilized socially. collaborative outputs to date (including locally- led community archiving initiatives, sound Collaborative Sound Curation: A Workshop installations, hip hop ciphers and international Exploring Transatlantic Partnerships Between the remix albums), alongside open brainstorming International Library of African Music (SA), Uva sessions designed to envision future (US) and Communities collaborative directions linking institutions, Participants: Noel J. Lobley, University of Virginia community groups and arts spaces. Lee Watkins, International Library of African Music Learning Objectives

Anthropologists have made sound recordings in 1. Upon completion, participants will be Africa for more than 100 years, but to date they able to demonstrate a broad have mostly been treated as objects to be understanding of the potential resources, collected. But what untold stories do these methods and partnerships for recordings reveal? What can they communicate, Transcontinental collaborative curation and how, and who could own the right to of sound and archival material circulate and share this knowledge? 2. Upon completion, participants will be able to identify and evaluate a range of possible approaches for classifying,

Page 54 Africa in the World: Shifting Boundaries and Knowledge Production

researching, preserving, contextualising crowns and prestigious clothes of the various and activating the use of archival and kings of the medieval and the 19th century are contemporary sound recordings found. The study indicated that heritages in Tana 3. Upon completion, participants will be islands were affected by both natural and able to identify, test and evaluate the manmade problems. In Lake Tana islands most appropriate, effective, and ethical movable heritages were looted several times by methods for archiving and publishing and foreign aggressors, tourists, and local people who circulating archival sound material serve there. Some heritages were affected by visitors by their camera flash light and hand Challenges and Prospects of Preservation of touch. Most heritages in the Tana islands lacked Tangible Heritage Management for Socio- community ownership and preserved non- Economic Development: A Case Study in Bahir professionally which highly affected their Dar Town/Tana Islands originality and authenticity. Therefore the local Participant: Ayele Tamene Mulualem, Sr., Bahir community and the regional government should Dar University work together in the preservation of these heritage sites and enhance their role for socio- Abstract: Cultural heritage is the legacy of economic development as a center of research physical artifacts and intangible attributes of a and tourist destinations. group or society that are inherited from past generations, maintained in the present and Migration Within Africa: The Push-Pull Factors of bestowed for the benefit of future generations. Refugees Return, Uganda and South Sudan Tangible heritage includes buildings and historic Participant: Charles Ogeno, Centre for Public places, monuments, artifacts, etc., which are Authority and International Development considered worthy of preservation for the future. These include objects significant to the Perhaps a lot has been written about migration archaeology, architecture, science or technology from Africa to the west leaving out the facts of a specific culture. The intended research about migration within the continent. This paper proposal addressed the challenges and prospects aims to investigate migrants’ movement between of preservation of tangible cultural heritage Uganda and South Sudan. Currently Uganda is management in Lake Tana islands; Amahara being applauded worldwide for her welcoming Regional State. Specifically, the research refugees’ policies. In the recent years refugee enquired the major factors which affected influx in the country has been overwhelming tangible cultural heritage management, challenging resource mobilisation of both Uganda investigated how communities successfully and United Nations High Commission for involved in tangible cultural heritage Refugees (UNHCR). With much limited capacities management, and described the contribution of the pearl of Africa is seen as a destination and a cultural management to tourism development. It devoted motherland to millions of refugees from employed qualitative research approaches to and outside of East Africa. Yet countries and grasp the existing condition in the study area. governments with much bigger capacities Major techniques of data gathering such as in- resorted to being mean with their border and depth interview, observation/photographing and economy. Today people who claim to be Focus Group Discussion (FGDs) were used. defenders of international human rights turned Related documents collected through secondary their back against people who needs their sources were examined and analyzed. In Lake support. On a humanitarian ground, the last half Tana Islands precious heritages such as ancient decade has been a period of disappointment religious manuscripts (written since 9th century), where we levelled refugees with strange name sacral wall paintings, gold and silver Crosses, like Muslim invaders and infiltrators. Uganda

Africa in the World: Shifting Boundaries and Knowledge Production Page 55

hosts more than 1,000,000 South Sudanese to displacement and post displacement date. The focus of this paper is particularly on S. recovery. Sudanese refugees in Uganda, these two 3. Upon completion, participants will be countries have a long history of conflict. The fact able to describe how displacement that LRA operated in both S. Sudan and Uganda, influences the concept of public mass movement depended on the security authority in both Uganda and South situation in each of these countries. And many Sudan. people don’t know which side they were actually born and they are confused which nationality they are. Therefore, focussing discussion on the lived experiences of refugee’s migration and settlement in camps will inform those who have never ever experience the live reality of migrants in both Uganda and South Sudan. Much as people are aware about the general lack of safety in South Sudan, many people insist on returning back to the country. Perhaps, many South Sudanese migrants are also refusing to return to the country. Some people have moved to and from South Sudan and Uganda a number of times (including my family, which is why I am interested in this subject). What pulls people to Uganda or hold them here and what pushes people to go back to South Sudan even if it sounds unsafe? Here I am interested in the life of refugees here in Uganda and their life back in South Sudan. This research examines life experiences of South Sudanese migrants in Uganda, people whose lives have been severely impacted by national and international failure. It seeks to inform the understandings of lived realities of people in conflict affected and fragile situations; will seek to understand the reality of displacement and post displacement recovery; and how this influences the concept of public authority in both Uganda and South Sudan.

Learning Objectives

1. Upon completion, participants will be able to examines life experiences of South Sudanese migrants in Uganda, people whose lives have been severely impacted by national and international failure. 2. Upon completion, participants will be able to explore the life reality of

Page 56 Africa in the World: Shifting Boundaries and Knowledge Production

Presenter Index (Page Numbers Indicate Page on Agenda-Page of Abstract)

Name Page Kusena, Bernard 7-26 Adam, Ezinwanyi 4-10 Name Page Name Page Agaba, Selah 2-10 Lawrance, Benjamin 3-52 Pande, Amrita 5-37 Alidou, Ousseina 4-n/a Lemon, Adrienne 5-26 Persendt, Rosa 6-51 Allen, Michael 7-11 Lobley, Noel 9-54 Pfeiffe, Elizabeth 5-38 Alleyne, Osei 3-11 Longman, Tim 6-27 Pohlandt-McCormick, 7-38 De Raedt, Therese 7-16 Mabera, Faith 7-52 Helena Dick, Eva 2-17 MacDonald, Helen 6-51 Prah, Kwesi D.L.S 5-51 Dlamini, Gabby 5-17 Makandwa, Tackson 7-27 Premawardhana, 4-39 Duarte, Ana Maria 5-18 McIsaac, Stephen 4-28 Devaka Duncan, Ella 6-18 McKay, Ramah 4-28 Purdy, Janet 3-39 Ezeluomba, Ndubuisi 4-18 Mengistie, Mezgebu 5-29 Rantala, Janne 3-39 Fayemi, Ademola 4-19 Mikell, Gwen 2-n/a Redding, Sean 3-52 8-19 Miller, Vernice 9-53 Ripero Muñiz, Nereida 3-40 Ferme, Mariane 7-20 Misiker, Abebe 6-29 Sacks, Ruth 2-40 Förster, Till 2-20 Mkhwanazi, Nolwazi 4-n/a Sasso, Nadia 6-41 Frahm-Arp, Maria 4-21 Mkodzongi, Grasian 2-30 Schroeder, Richard 5-41 8-n/a Mlambo, Yeukai 8-30 Serunkuma, Yusuf 8-42 Fuh, Divine 2-n/a Mlotshwa, Khanyile 3-31 Spel, Christal 6-42 3-52 Moore, Wendell 2-31 Stein, Serena 3-43 Galvin, Treasa 6-51 Morreira, Shannon 3-32 Stratton, Emily 2-44 Garoon, Joshua 2-21 4-52 Tamarkin, Noah 4-45 Gastrow, Claudia 2-n/a 6-51 Tazebew, Tezera 5-45 3-52 Morris, Christopher 7-33 Thornton, Robert 5-46 Golomski, Casey 4-22 Mpalirwa, Mary 2-33 Torkelson, Erin 5-46 Gumede, Vusi 5-51 Danielle Ukah, Asonzeh 8-51 Gwini, Ebnezer 7-23 Mpofu, William 7-52 Van Beurden, Sarah 3-47 Hale, Aaron 4-23 Mulualem, Ayele 9-53 van Wyk, Ilana 8-51 Harris, Betty 2-23 Mwiba, Denis 4-33 Watkins, Lee 9-54 Hebden, Ellen 4-24 Mwita, Mahiri 3-n/a Webster, Anjuli 6-47 Hodgson, Dorothy 5-n/a Ndlovu-Gatsheni, Sabelo 7-52 Weintroub, Jill 6-48 7-24 Ndwayana, Sibahle 2-34 Werbner, Pnina 7-48 Ilahiane, Hsain 5-n/a Neely, Abby 5-34 Werbner, Richard 8-51 Jinnah, Zaheera 7-23 Nyoka, Bongani 7-52 Wielenga, Cori 3-49 Jolaosho, Omotayo 6-25 Obayan, Kanyinsola 9-53 Witz, Leslie 3-49 9-53 Ogeno, Charles 9-55 Zhang, Xiaoxi 6-50 Jones, Terry-Ann 2-25 Oloyede, Olajide 5-35 Joshi, Hemali 6-51 Zondi, Siphamandla 7-52 Oni-Orisan, Adeola 5-35 Khanduri, Ritu 3-26 Ott, Jessica 4-35

Africa in the World: Shifting Boundaries and Knowledge Production Page 57

Notes

Notes

African

ASR FORUM ON MALI William G. Moseley and Barbara G. Hoffman, Guest Editors Studies Introduction Bruce Whitehouse Political Mobilization after Mali’s History 2012 Coup William G. Moseley Excellence in Livelihood Security in Mali in Kassim Kone Review A Southern View on the Tuareg Rebellions in Mali Susan J. Rasmussen Global and Local PUBLISHED FOR THE AFRICAN STUDIES ASSOCIATION Representations of Northern Africa Malian Tuareg Barbara G. Hoffman A Journal of Debates, The Roles of the Griot in the Future of Mali Gaim Kibreab African Studies Sexual Violence in the Eritrean Methods, and Source National Service Tony Perman Muchongoyo and Mugabeism Analysis in Zimbabwe Wilson Prichard and Vanessa van den Boogaard Market Taxation in Northern Ghana from Cambridge University Press Book Reviews Film Reviews Books Received

PUBLISHED ANNUALLY FOR THE AFRICAN STUDIES ASSOCIATION

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cambridge.org/ASR cambridge.org/HIA

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ISSN 0021-8537 Modern African Studies Vol. 55 No. 2 Barringer editor VOLUME 55 NUMBER 2 JUNE 2 017 0022-278X Studies African and Oriental of School the of Bulletin ISSN 0266-6731 VOLUME 58 volume 80:2 2017 issn 0041-977x VOLUME 61 • NUMBER 2 • 2017 ISSN 0021-8553 AFRICA BIBLIOGRAPHY 2010 The Journal of Works on Africa published during 2010 Journal of Edited by T. A. Barringer . Journal of African Law

AFRICA BIBLIOGRAPHY 2010 african history NO. 2 This authoritative guide to published works in African studies has been published annually African Law since 1984. The Africa Bibliography includes a wide range of material: books, articles in

. AFRICA

2017 VOLUME 61 • NUMBER 2 • 2017 journals, pamphlets, etc., covering the whole of Africa. It lists works published in a number AFRICA Journal of of languages, such as Portuguese, French and German, as well as English; categorises by . region, country and subject; and includes an author index and a detailed thematic index. BIBLIOGRAPHY

PP 187–380 Contents The Africa Bibliography recordsBulletin publications onof Africa the of interest to students of Africa, contents The Journal of Journal of the International African Institute principally in the social and environmental sciences, humanities and arts; though some Articles items from the medical, biological and natural sciences, likely to be of interest to a reader Nineteenth-Century Reconstructions from a social science/arts background are included. This annual publication records the Revue de l’Institut Africain International African191 On someLaw readings and interpretations in the Contents Making Rain, Making Maps: Competing Geographies of Water Aramaic incantation bowls and related texts previous year’s work in its field, with provision for retrospective inclusion of earlier items. and Power in Southwestern Africa VOLUME 55 NUMBER 2 JUNE 2017 Research Articles MATTHEW MORGENSTERN AND It is prepared in associationSchool with the International Africanof Institute’s journal Africa. Vol. 87 No. 3 August 2017 Meredith McKittrick Georgetown University 187 african 155 Indigenous African Jurisprudential Thoughts on the Concept of Justice: A JAMES NATHAN FORD T.A. Barringer is a bibliographer who has worked for many years on African and 2010 Reconstruction Through Yoruba Proverbs 233 Book lists from the Cairo Genizah: a window Th e ‘Interior World’ of the Nineteenth-Century Maloti-Drakensberg Commonwealth materials. WORKS ON AFRICA The Journal of african history NOEL STRINGHAM AND Jacob O Arowosegbe on the production of texts in the middle ages Mountains JONATHAN FORNEY MIRIAM FRENKEL Rachel King University of Cambridge It takes a village to raise a militia: local politics, the Ethical fi elds in Africa PUBLISHED DURING 2010 history 171 An Analysis of Socio-Economic and Cultural Rights Protection under the Zimbabwe 253 Crossing the line: Mamluk response to NEW Nuer White Army, and South Sudan’s civil wars Sam Challis Rock Art Research Institute, Constitution of 2013 Introduction Qaramanid threat in the fifteenth century Oriental University of the Witwatersrand 213 VUSILIZWE THEBE AstridHoward Bochow, Chitimira Thomas G. Kirsch and Rijk van Dijk according to Ms ar. 4440 (BnF, Paris) The Africa Bibliography is now available as a fully searchable database of all volumes Legacies of ‘madiro’? Worker-peasantry, MALIKA DEKKICHE published to date. Colonial Plans and Local Politics livelihood crisis and ‘siziphile’ land occupations 197 Examining HighWeddings Rates of Preventable in Botswana Maternal Mortality in Kenya: Could 283 A Hanafi law manual in the vernacular: in semi-arid north-western Zimbabwe Provisional Measures be an Effective Tool to Guarantee Safe Pregnancy? Rijk van Dijk Devletoğlu Yūsuf Balık.esrī’s Turkish verse ‘When the Chief Takes an Interest’: Development and the Reinvention VOLUME 61 Clara Burbano-Herrera adaptation of the Hidāya-Wiqāya textual of ‘Communal’ Labor in Northern Ghana, 1935–60 TERJE ØSTEBØ AND Caring criminals in Bissau WALLELIGN SHEMSEDIN tradition for the Ottoman Sultan Murad II & African Alice Wiemers Davidson College 239 Ethiopian Muslims and the discourse about 227 Rethinking the RegulationHenrik of Environment Vigh Impact Assessment and Precaution in (824/1424) Mauritius SARA NUR YILDIZ Th e Native Village Debate in Pietermaritzburg, 1848–1925: Revisiting moderation Volunteering in South Africa the ‘Sanitation Syndrome’ Odile Juliette Lim Tung 305 Another Sogdian–Chinese bilingual epitaph ELIZABETH HARRISON AND ANNA MDEE Thomas G. Kirsch BI BO, NICHOLAS SIMS-WILLIAMS AND Marc Epprecht Queen’s University 259 Size isn’t everything: narratives of scale and 253 Implications Moralof Genetically learning Modified in Crops Tanzania and Intellectual Property Rights on YAN YAN viability in a Tanzanian irrigation scheme Agriculture in Developing Countries ‘the essential research tool’

Decolonizing Kenya • 319 The science of sensual pleasure according to Studies Hansjörg Dilger MATTHEW BRUBACHER, Olaitan Oluwaseyi Olusegun and Ifeoluwa Ayokunle Olubiyi NUMBER 2 a Buddhist monk: Ju Mipam’s contribution to Professor Graham Furniss, SOAS Mau Mau’s Army of Clerks: Colonial Military Service and the Kenya ERIN KIMBALL DAMMAN AND Muslim healers in Eastern Africa kāmaśāstra literature in Tibet VOLUME Land Freedom Army in Kenya’s National Imagination CHRISTOPHER DAY Case Notes SARAH H. JACOBY The AU Task Forces: an African response to David Parkin Timothy H. Parsons Washington University 285 273 The South African Constitutional Court: Upholding the Rule of Law and the 339 Polities and nomads: the emergence of the transnational armed groups Separation ofHIV Powers prevention in Botswana ‘A Beacon of Hope for the Community’: Th e Role of Chavakali Secondary Silk Road exchange in the Tarim Basin region

2017 FRANCESCO CAVATORTA AND Neil Parpworth Astrid Bochow during late prehistory (2000–400 BCE) School in Late Colonial and Early Independent Kenya RAQUEL OJEDA GARCIA TOMAS LARSEN HØISÆTER 80:2 2017 80:2 Muey Ching Saeteurn University of California, Merced 311 289 Protecting Animals from Mistreatment through Private Prosecutions in South Islamism in Mauritania and the narrative Afterword • edited by 365 Reviews of political moderation Africa: A Comment on National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals v 2017 reviews of books 331 Michael Lambek Minister of Justice and Constitutional Development 2016 1 SACR 308 (SCA) • Comprehensive record of African studies literature from the 1980s to present from over T. A. Barringer Livestock:Jamil Ddamulira mobility,Mujuzi raiding and the state 1300 journals and hundreds of books Pastoralists and the territorial state • Developed in consultation with librarians so as to deliver features which researchers Matthew D. Turner through to undergraduates really need • Provides tools to export citations, create bibliographies and reading lists Published by Cambridge University Press • User-friendly search functionality to quickly locate suitable literature Cover image: Mud cloth (bogolanfi ni) from Mali, West Africa reproduced with colour manipulation, with the kind permission of Cattle raiding as social practice on behalf of SOAS, University of London ©The Trustees of the British Museum . . VOLUME 58 NUMBER 2 2017 A QUARTERLY SURVEY OF POLITICS, ECONOMICS Rachel King • With links straight to full-text or library catalogues ® Cambridge Core MIX & RELATED TOPICS IN CONTEMPORARY AFRICA Visit www.africabibliography.cambridge.org for free trials and further information. For further information about this journal Paper from Cambridge Core please go to the journal website at: responsible sources EDITED BY PAUL NUGENT AND LEONARDO A. VILLALÓN ® For further information about this journal ® ® Cambridge Core Cambridge Journals Online Cambridge Core cambridge.org/moa MIX MIX please go to the journal web site at: For further information about this journal For further information about this journal please For further information about this journal Paper from Paper from cambridge.org/jal please go to the journal web site at: responsible sources IAI go to the journal web site at: responsible sources please go to the journal website at: cambridge.org/bso ® CAMBRIDGE cambridge.org/afh ® journals.cambridge.org/afb FSC C007785

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FEATURED ARTICLES: • The Political Stakes of Academic Research: Perspectives on Johannesburg, Ivor Chipkin • Re-viewing Studies on Africa, #Black Lives Matter, and Envisioning the Future of African Studies, Akosua Adomako Ampofo • A Better Intellectual Community Is Possible: Dialogues with Ali A. Mazrui, James H. Mittelman • Beyond Reforms: The Politics of Higher Education Transformation in Africa, Tade Akin Aina • African Meanings, Western Words, Barry Hallen • Ralph Bunche and African Studies: Reflections on the African

ASR FORUM ON MALI William G. Moseley and Barbara G. Hoffman, Guest Editors Studies Introduction Bruce Whitehouse Political Mobilization after Mali’s Politics of Knowledge, Pearl T. Robinson 2012 Coup William G. Moseley Livelihood Security in Mali Kassim Kone Review A Southern View on the Tuareg Rebellions in Mali Susan J. Rasmussen Global and Local PUBLISHED FOR THE AFRICAN STUDIES ASSOCIATION Representations of Northern Malian Tuareg Barbara G. Hoffman The Roles of the Griot in the Future of Mali Gaim Kibreab Sexual Violence in the Eritrean National Service Enjoy free access to these articles from the African Studies Review until July 1, 2018. Tony Perman Muchongoyo and Mugabeism in Zimbabwe Wilson Prichard and Vanessa van den Boogaard Market Taxation in Northern Ghana Book Reviews Film Reviews Browse content at cambridge.org/ASRCollectionForAfricaInTheWorld Books Received VOLUME 60, NUMBER 1 APRIL 2017 cambridge.org/AfricanStudies

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“Wasserman’s book offers a rich and insightful account of the South African media in the context ‘While historical attention to the pre-apartheid era migration of shifting centres of global power and knowledge production. While focusing on the South Informal settlements are a pressing urban challenge in South Africa and elsewhere A HISTORY OF THE IZIKO concentrates on Africans, especially miners, this book offers a African transition, the book demonstrates the close interrelationship between the local and the in the world. Intervention and investment are needed, not only to improve material compelling reminder of the interconnections between Asian and global, between the dominance of the advanced democracies of the West and the struggles of the conditions, but also to combat social MEDIA,and political exclusion and marginalisation. Upgrading SOUTH African mobility.’ – Audie Klotz, Professor of Political Science, Global South for recognition and influence. By taking the perspective of the Global South, familiar What would a progressive upgrading agenda for informal settlements entail, AFRICAN Syracuse University concepts such as citizenship, tabloidization, and mediation are put in a new light, thus enriching our and how could it be achieved? This has been widely debated in South Africa and NATIONAL GALLERY theoretical and empirical understanding of the role of the media in a changing world.” internationally. In Upgrading Informal Settlements in South Africa: A Partnership- Jonathan Klaaren blends legal and social history in this engaging MEDIA, GEOPOLITICS, GEOPOLITICS, Informal — KATRIN VOLTMER, author of Comparing Political Communication across Time and Space: based Approach, the editors argue that approaches which are participatory and account of early conceptions of South African citizenship. He argues What ‘belongs’ in a public art museum or gallery? How does a New Studies in an Emerging Field incremental offer possibilities which are both radical and attainable. This agenda that distinctively South African notions of citizenship and nationality national gallery understand its relationship to the nation and the Reflections on art and departs substantially from conventional housing delivery models, requiring a come out of the period 1897 to 1937, through legislation and official “Wasserman’s book would surely be deemed as one of the most powerful articulations from the AND Settlements nation’s art? And whose art is it reflecting? national identity practices employing the key concept of ‘prohibited immigrant’ and Global South, urging media professionals and scholars to rethink and recontextualize global reassembling of policies, programming, practices and—most importantly—power. seeking to regulate the mobility of three population groups: African, journalism in this post-West, post-order, post-truth world.” The 26 chapters of this book are written by researchers and practitioners from a diverse range of backgrounds and experiences, and explore various aspects In this, the first full history of South Africa’s national gallery, Asian and European. Further, he makes the case that the regulation — ANBIN SHI, Tsinghua University and administration of immigrants from the Indian sub-continent, in of participatory and incremental upgrading. They cover a wide range of topics, in South Africa Anna Tietze considers the changing ways in which this institution particular, provided the basis for the vision and eventual reality of a from alternative infrastructure technologiesPOWER to redesigned fiscal frameworks. has understood its social function, from its modest beginnings in The end of apartheid brought South Africa into the global media environment. unified, although structurally unequal, South African population. Together, these chapters articulate an agenda as contested and complex as informal the 1870s, through the apartheid years, and into its postcolonial Outside companies invested in the nation’s newspapers while South African con- A pArtnErship-bAsEd ApproACh settlements themselves. present as part of an amalgamated Iziko Museums of South Africa. glomerates pursued lucrative tech ventures and communication markets around This book fits into the growing field of Mobility Studies, which seeks This book documents, synthesises and reflects on a strong body of innovation the world. Many observers viewed the rapid development of South African media She also explores its relationship to other public collections, to understand and document the migration of people both within and and reflection that can inspire policy-makers, practitioners and researchers to EditEd by Liza Rose Cirolia, Tristan Görgens, as a roadmap from authoritarianism to global modernity. A VIEW FROM THE GLOBAL SOUTH and the consequences this has had for its collecting and across national borders, while exploring the origins of those borders. continue to improve and transform approaches to upgrading informal settlements Mirjam van Donk, Warren Smit and Scott Drimie In addition to nationality and citizenship, it touches on African pass Herman Wasserman analyzes the debates surrounding South Africa’s new exhibition practices. in South Africa and beyond. laws, the origins of the Public Protector, the scheme importing Chinese media presence against the backdrop of rapidly changing geopolitics. His labour to the gold mines, the development of internal bureaucratic exploration reveals how South African disputes regarding access to, and repre- Scholarly and detailed, this history provides an in-depth study of the legality, and India-South Africa intra-imperial relations. sentation in, the media reflect the domination and inequality in the global com- Iziko South African National Gallery. It documents the challenges munication sphere. Optimists see post-apartheid media as providing a vital space About thE Editors the institution has encountered in the past and those it faces in the With its attention to the role of law in state-building and its that encourages exchanges of opinion in a young democracy. Critics argue the Liza rose Cirolia and Warren smit are researchers at the present, and examines possibilities for the future. It is a valuable understanding of the central place of implementation and public sphere mirrors South Africa’s past divisions and privileges the viewpoints African Centre for Cities, an interdisciplinary urban research institute at the University of Cape Town. Mirjam van text for museologists and historians of public art collecting, as well administrative law in migration policy, this book offers a distinctive of the elite. Wasserman delves into the ways these simplistic narratives obscure AND as an absorbing account of the institution’s history to be enjoyed by focus on the relationship between migration and citizenship. the country’s internal tensions, conflicts, and paradoxes even as he charts the donk is the director of Isandla Institute, a public interest think-tank with a focus on fostering just, equitable and a general readership interested in art and South African history. diverse nature of South African entry into the global arena.

About the author: POWER democratic urban settlements. tristan Görgens, a former Jonathan Klaaren is a Professor at the University of the Witwatersrand HERMAN WASSERMAN is a professor of media studies and director policy researcher on urban land and human settlements Anna Tietze is a cultural and art historian at the Michaelis appointed in the Faculty of Commerce, Law, and Management and in of the Centre for Film and Media Studies at the University of Cape Town. He is the at Isandla Institute, is a policy analyst in the Policy and the Faculty of Humanities. He works in the School of Law and the Wits School of Fine Art, University of Cape Town. She has had a long- author of Tabloid Journalism in South Africa: True Story!. He is editor of Taking It to Strategy Unit of the Department of the Premier in the Institute for Social and Economic Research (WiSER). His research standing connection with the Iziko South African National Gallery, the Streets: Popular Media, Democracy and Development in Africa and coeditor of Western Cape government. scott drimie is an associate at includes interdisciplinary work on law, culture and society. as both researcher and curator. Media Ethics Beyond Borders. Isandla Institute and a consultant on food andHERMAN land issues. WASSERMAN

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