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Number 4 October 1981 Volume 9

WASHINGTON GEOLOGIC NEWSLETTER

Surface of one of the many pyroc lastic tlows tnat repeatedly scorched the slopes of Mount St. Helens and the upper Toutle River valley during 1980. Puffs of steam are issuing from small rootless fumaroles in the surface of the flow . Large pumic e clasts in foreground are approximately 10 to 15 inches in diameter. View is from near the south shore of Spirit Lake toward Mount St. Helens . Photo courtesy of Brian Saunders, The Daily Olympian.

BRIAN J. BOYLE COMMISSIONER OF PUBLIC L ANOS

RUSSELL W. CAHILL, Supervisor VAUGHN E. LIVINGSTON JR., State Geologist DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES DIVISION OF GEOLOGY ANO EARTH RESOURCES ..

Mortin Woy

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-- 10 por11ond ~ Exit 108 ··: GEOLOGV ANO / t N EARTH RESOURCES E South

Sound ~· / . • ..C t : l"' fr&gJ_.__ l __ _.,_ i: .. Moll ... A t' ! ~ 0 Pau1,on\ II Dc!r~1': ••u1,1Pork,n9.,. ... s, Mortoni ColltQI ..0 ...... ·o· .. 4224 6th Ave. S.E iii Albertson,

Mailing address: Field office address: Department of Natural Resources Department of Natural Resources Division of Geology and Earth Resources Division of Geology and Earth Resources Olympia, WA 98504 Senior Hall, East ern Washington University Cheney, WA 99004 ( 206) 459-6372 (509) 359-2278

DlVI SION HAS NEW PHONE NUMBER

A new phone system has been installed for all state offices located in Lacey, Washing­ ton. You can no longer reach the Division of Geology and Earth Resources by dialing 753-6183. Instead, please dial (206) 459-6372,

The Washington Geologic Newsletter, a quarterly repoi-t of geologic articles, is published by the Division of Geology and Earth Resources, Department of Natural Resources. The newsletter is free upon request. The division also publishes bulletins. information circulars, and geologic maps. A list of these publications will be sent 4pon request. SOME PETROGRAPH IC CHARACTERISTICS OF PUMICE FROM THE 1980 MOUNT ST. HELENS PYROCLASTIC FLOWS

by Josh Logan

During the present active period of described here. Mount St. Helens volcano, pyroclastic flows The pumice is light gray, has a dacitic have occurred on at least six separate occasions. chemistry and has fairly constant mineralogy The most voluminous pyroc1astic deposits were throughout all flows . In addition to glass, emplaced on May 18, 1980, and were followed minerals present in order of decreasing abun­ by lesser flows on May 25, June 12, July 22, dance include plagioclase feldspar, hypersthene, August 7, and October 17, 1980. Subsequent hornblende, and magnetite. The glass is color­ eruptive activity has been restricted to rela­ less and highly vesiculated. tively nonexplosive dome-building extrusions Plagioclase is the most abundant mineral on December 28, 1980, and February 10, present in all samples as both phenocrysts and April 10, June 18, and September 6, 1981. microlites . Although larger phenocrysts are Extensive erosion of the pyroclastic commonly present in hand specj.mens, the deposits occurred during the 1980-81 winter, phenocrysts observed in thin sections range obscuring the location of many of the smaller in size up to 2. 8 mm in length and are generally flows. Fortunately, geologists from the State euhedral. Both normal and reverse zoning are Division of Geology and Earth Resouxces were common as are inclusions of pink to colorless able to extensively sample the deposits prior glass ( see fig. 2). The anorthite content ranges from roughly An to An • Carlsbad to their being disturbed by winter erosion, A 30 57 map showing sample locations and approximate and albite twinning are common I whereas boundaries of flows appears in figure 1. pericline twinning is only occasionally apparent, Sampling during the Fall months of 1980 Pale pink to pale green pleochroic was limited mostly to pumice blocks lying on hypersthene is the most abundant mafic phase, the surface of flows. The flows are comprised usually making up about 5 percent of the rock. of coarse pumice clasts in a sandy pumiceous Euhedral crystals with sharp boundaries are the matrix. Deep gullying during the winter rule. These phenocrysts range in size up to months has since allowed sampling at depths 1. 6 mm in length. Many phenocrysts contain of up to several meters in the flows. These inclusions of magnetite (see fig. 3), samples are grab samples containing larger Hornblende phenocrysts ranging up to clasts as well as matrix material. 2. 6 mm in length are usually present in amounts Preliminary petrographic analyses of 36 of less than 5 percent of total phenocrysts. thin sections of the pumiceous material have Pleochroism ranges from light to dark green or been completed. Xenoliths of varying lithologies dark olive green in phenocrysts from earlier were observed within the pumice but are not flows, to a generally more brownish hue in SCALE N 0._ ____ 1/2 ....______, 1,.. 1, I

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FIGURE 1.-Pyroclastic flow and sample location map, Mount St. Helens, Washington, as of January 1, 1981. Samples 08 and 09 were taken shortly before the October 17th eruption, which covered these sites. Extensive erosion and deposition during the 1980- 81 winter season have drastically altered surficia l features of many of the deposits. Data on the actual extent of the May 25, 1980 pyroclastic flow is sparse due to bad weather and consequent poor access during the late May-early June time period. The May 25 deposit was reported to have been small enough to have been covered by June 12 and subsequent deposits.

2 FIGURE 2.-Photomicrograph of a plagioclase FIGURE IL-Hornblende phenocrysts with sharp crystal with glassy inclusions. Sample boundaries, typical of this mineral is pumice from June 12, 1980 pyro­ phase in May 18, 1980 pumice. clastic flow. Magnified 30 times Magnified 80 times normal. normal.

FIGURE 5.-Partial recrystallization of horn­ FIGURE 3.-Magnetite inclusions in hypersthene blende. The reaction rim consists crystal in June 12, 1980 pumice. of hypersthene microl ites. Sample Magnified 80 times normal. is from the October 1980 dome. Magnified 80 times normal. crystals in later pyroclastic material. Grain boundaries are relatively sharp in May 18th commonly scattered throughout the groundmass, material, but are commonly em bayed and par­ but are sometimes concentrated as inclusions tially recrystallized in later pumice (see figs. within hypersthene phenocrysts ( see fig. 3) • 4 and 5). Complete recrystallization of the Progressive changes in ejecta textures hornblende to hypersthene microlites has re­ have occurred with time. The most apparent sulted in the presence of ghost phenocrysts in change is in the relative abundance of glass many of the post May 18th samples. and crystals. Figures 6 and 7 illustrate tex­ Magnetite is commonly present in amounts tural changes between May 18th pumice and of 1 percent or less of the total rock and oc­ April 10, 1981, dome rock. In addition, the curs as irregular grains. These grains are progressive recrystallization of the hornblende

3 phase becomes more apparent within younger changes is that the magma chamber feeding flows (fig. 5) • The instability of hornblende each of the 1980 eruptions is continuously cool­ is likely due to loss of volatiles (mainly water) ing, and that without injections of new magma, through the continued degassing of the magma more viscous eruptive products can be expected chamber. from future events, as already demonstrated The obvious indication of these textural by the shift to dome-building eruptions.

FIGURE 6,--:Photomicrograph of a thin section FIGURE 7. -Photomicrograph of a thin section of May 18, 1980 pumice showing of April 10, 1981 dome rock. Note relatively few phenocrysts (large the increase in crystalline phases. crystals) and microl ites ( small Both figures 6 and 7. were photographed crystals) in an abundant glassy under crossed nicols at approximately matrix. Compare with figure 7. 30 times normal size.

SUMMARY OF U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY and mapping data will be compiled leading to CURRENT ACTIVITIES IN WASHINGTON publication of a 1: 100, 000-scale geologic map. DURING 1981 [Project chief: A. B. Ford.] Mineral resources of Spi~it Lake quad­ These U.S. Geological Survey projects rangle. -Mapping and sample collecting were are now in progress and the maps and reports continued. Laboratory studies (feldspar stain­ mentioned are not yet available. This listing ing, X-ray diffraction, optical petrography) is only for information about the current work on samples collected in 1979-1980 and extraction of the U.S. qeological Survey in our state. of minerals from plutonic and volcanic rocks Glacier Peak Wilderness Area. -Fieldwork for K-Ar and fission-track geochronology were was continued during 1981 in the Glacier Peak also continued. Preparation of final maps and Wilderness Area, northern Cascades. Geologic reports will begin. [Project chief: R. P. Ashley.] mapping was concentrated in one-third of the Mineral resources of Washington.­ area, and bedrock geochemical sampling was Existing minerals resource data for Whatcom undertaken throughout the entire study area. County were entered in the Computerized Petrographic and petrologic studies will continue Resource Information Bank of the U.S. Geo­ of the metamorphic and plutonic units present logical Survey. Skamania and Lewis Counties

4 and other counties in the Cascade Range were carbonaceous beds, gases generated during also scheduled for entry. I Project chief: high temperatures , and gases of biogenic R. C. Evarts. ] origin. [ Project chief: D . D . Rice. J Magnesite Belt.-Geo1ogic mapping of Roots of calderas and fossil geothermal the Stensgar Mountain quadrangle was com­ systems.-A map of the southwestern rift zone pleted. About 200 sampfos were submitted for of Mauna Loa, Hawaii, will be prepared, along chemical analysis, and field data were compiled with a report on Mount St. Helens eruptions. and interpreted. {Project chief: J. G . Evans.) [ Project chief i P. W. Lipman . J Indian Heaven RARE II. -Geologic Mount St. Helens pyroclasti c flows and mapping and geochemical sam;Jling were com­ structural deformation. - Mapping and laboratory pleted in the entire study area. Map compi­ studies of pyroclastic-:flow deposits and ground lation and report writing will be initiated. deformation resulting from 1980 and subsequent [ Project chief: E. H. McKee. J eruptions of Mount St. Helens were unde1·way. Glacier View/Tatoosh.- Geologic mapping [Project chiefi R . D. Rowley.) and geochemical sampling in the entire study Land-sea geologic transects. -Recon­ area were compl eted. [Project chief: R. C. naissance studies were undertaken along the Evarts. J western part of the Olympic Peninsula to Indian Lands Resource Studies. - determine the nature of the interface between Compilation reports on the mineral resource ]ate Oligocene to middle Miocene melange and

1 potential of Indian Reservations was continued. Eocene "core 1·ocks ' of the Olympic Mountains . [Project chief: E. B. Eckel.] Detailed mapping and sampling along new Frontier Tertiary and Mesozoic hydro­ logging roads constructed during 1980 and carbon basins of the western United States.­ 1981 in the Cape Flattery area were also done; Cored rocks from collections from Oregon and the geology exposed in these cuts will be Washington were acquired during 1981 for study integraterl with p1·evious mappir.g in the four and analysis. Paleogene sedimentary rocks in 15-m:nute quadrangles that comprise the Cape eastern Washington will also be collected and Flattery area. [Project chief: P. D. Snavely.] analyzed. [Project chief: T. D. Fouch .] Puget Sound urban studies.-Basic Chemical and isotopic evidence of the -earth-science data compilations, such as bed­ origins of natural gases. - Natural gases, cores, rock and surficial geology a nd regional ground and condensates will be sampled and analyzed water assessments, in the Port Townsend from a variety of geologic settings in an effort 1: 100, 000- scale quadrangle were completed. to establish a model for predicting the character Similar studies ,vill b e initiated for the Seattle and distribution of gases in relatively unex­ l O quadrangle . Coastal erosion-sedimentation plored areas. The Columbia Basalt was one studies will be extended north into the of the specific sites being investigated in Bellingham 1° quadrangle also. Stratigraphic, 1981. The influence of factors such as thermal textural, and mineralogic studies, with particu­ history, depositional environments , type of lar emphasis on nature and distribution of organic matter present in source rocks, and West Beach silt and· on the occurrence of secondary processes such as migration and asbestoform minerals in late glacial sediments oxidation will be considered. Emphasis will were continued. (Project chief: F. Pessl.) be placed on gases generated from coal or Tephrochronology. - A report on the

5 areal distribution, thickness , petrography, Geochemical paleosalinity criteria for and composition of downwind ash from the selected glacial sediments in the northern Mount St. Helens 1980 eruptions is in prepara­ Puget Lowland. -The refinement of the physi­ tion. [Project chief: A. M. Sarna-Wojcicki.} cal stratigraphy and chronology of Wisconsinan Sandpoint 2° quadrangle, Washington age glacial and nonglacial sediments in the and Idaho.-Geologic mapping and ground north-central Puget Lowland will continue. scintillometer surveying of the Smith Peak, Geochemical, mineralogical. and textural studies Idaho, Wigwams, Gypsy Peak. Metaline. and were conducted on samples from detailed Orwig Hump, Washington, 15-minute quad- measured sections in order to characterize the rangles were underway in 1981 Detailed deposits, to aid in correlation and mapping, geochemical sampling of rocks will be conducted and to determine provenance and environment in a large area of northeastern Washington, of deposition. [Project chiefi D. R. Pevear. ] defined by anomalous gold- silver values in Quaternary geology of the Seattle stream sediment samples, and in an area in 1: 100,000 quadrangle .-Geologic mapping in the northern Idaho, defined by anomalous uranium­ Bothell, Everett, Mukilteo, Edmonds East. and molybdenum in stream sediments. Petrographic Edmonds West n-minute quadrangles was com­ and modal work on two-mica granitic rocks, pleted. Fieldwork was initiated in the. south­ particularly in regard to their relation to east part of the Seattle l O quadrangle. Map uranium content, will also be accomplished. compilation will continue. [Project chief: Preparation of maps and reports will continue. J . P. Minard. ] [ Project chief: F, K. Miller. J Geologic map of the Colville Indian Seismo- tectonic analysis of Puget Sound Reservation .-Fieldwo1·k was concentrated on province. - Liquefaction potential maps for the completing the mapping of the Seventeen-mile Bremerton East, Bremerton West. and Wildcat Mountain and Twin Lakes quadrangles. the Lake H - minute quadrangles. Washington. were 1iorth half of the Nespelem quadrangle , and completed during 1981. A regional compilation the northweste1·n two-thirds of the Keller of the subsurface geology in the Port Townsend quadrangle. Lab work will be carried out on for use in conducting seismic ground shaking rocks from all of the above areas. Map compi­ and liquefaction potential studies will be lation on areas mapped during the 1980 field initiated. [Project chief: J. C. Yount.] season will be underway. (PrQject chief: Okanogan geologic map. -Major emphasis C. D . Rinehart.) was placed on collecting microfossils from chert West Wenatchee zo quadrangle.­ and limestone lenses and beds within the various Fieldwork was completed in the Skykomish exotic terranes of the eugeosynclinal province, 1° quadrangle. Mapping of the Snoqualmie and on a reconnaissance study of possible Pass 1° quadrangle is underway. Compilation sutures between these terranes. A paleo­ of geologic maps fo1· completed areas wi!J be magnetic study of several known late Triassic continued . [Project chief: R. W. Tabor.] localities was completed. The volcank rocks in Wonder Mountain RARE II.-Reconnais­ the southern half of the Republic 15-minute sance geologic mapping and compilation at the quadrangle will be mapped at 1: 24,.000 scale. 1: 62,500 scale were underway. along with [Project chief: K. F. Fox.] collection and analysis of sti-eam sediment samples [Project chief: R. W. Tabor.] was prepared. Tephra from the eruptions will Geology of the Doe Mountain quadrangle.­ be reviewed for information applicable to inter­ Detailed bedrock geologic mapping of the Doe pretation of pre-1980 tephras and associated Mountain IS-minute quadrangle was underway. hazards. Study of tephras from Mount St. Sampling for petrographic studies, K-Ar and Helens and from Mount Mazama, Oregon , to U-Pb isotopic dating of Mesozoic plutonic rocks identify individual shower bed& and determine and geochemical studies were conducted. their thickness-distance relations and age [Project chief: V. R. Todd. I will continue. Preparation and revision of Reactor site investigations. -Emphasis final reports on volcanic hazards and the was focused on the Hanford area and other stratigraphy and age of Mount St. Helens sites as requested. Advice and consultation tephras will continue. [ Project chief: was provided to the Nuclear Regulatory Com­ D . R. Mullineaux. ) mission for delineating investigations and Physical properties and slope stability, research on the various geologic and seis­ Port Townsend guadrangle.-Preliminary maps mologic factors to be considered in the evalua­ showing the physical properties and relative tion and licensing of proposed nuclear facilities. slope stability of the Port Townsend quadrangle Past experience indicates that knowledge of were field checked. Final revisions of the maps the various regional and local geo1ogic condi­ will be completed, reviewed, and submitted for tions , when applied to the evaluations of publication. [Project chief: R. D. Miller.) specific sites, allows the engineering design Potential volcanic hazards to nuclear criteria to be adapted closely to the environ­ facilities in Washington, Oregon , and California. - ment. [Project chief: M. H. Hait. I Contacts with universities and state geological Volcanic hazards .-Late Quaternary surveys and emergency preparedness agencies rocks and unconsolidated deposits of volcanic of Washington, Oregon, California, and British origin are being studied and dated at volcanues Columbia will be established. Literature search in the western United States to determine the to establish a data base on volcanoes and re­ type and frequency of events they represent. lated hazards continues. Preliminary Safety These data will be used to evaluate potential Analysis Reports for established and proposed volc.anic hazards to communities, reservoirs. nuclear powerplants in the project area will b e recreation facilities, and proposed nuclear collected and reviewed. Statistical studies on power plants that could be affected by future ash fall distribution patterns versus annual e ruptions. Maps are being prepared to show climatic patterns will begin. [Project chief: the areal distribution of various kinds of M. H. Hait.] hazards. Where approp1·iate, recommendations Ground-failure hazards in the Columbia a1·e made to responsible authorities concerning River valley. -Detailed mapping and geotechnical actions to be taken prior to and during volcanic sampling were conducted in selected landslide eruptions to minimize danger to life and prop­ areas in the White Bluffs area of Franklin erty. One of the areas to be studied is County, A strip map ( scale 1: 100,000) with Mount Rainier. [Project chief; D. R. Crandell. I accompanying text showing ground-failure Tephra hazards from Cascade Range hazards in the Columbia River valley between volcanoes.-Contributions to a Professional Priest Rapids Dam and Richland will be pre­ Paper on the 1980 Mount St. Helens eruptions pared. Field studies along the Columbia River

7 from Richland as far downriver as Juniper, Experimental petrology of basalt.­ Oregon, continue. These studies will include Petrographic studies and analysis of microprobe evaluating and mapping ground-failure hazards data will be completed to prepare a report on in preparation for extending the strip map an occurrence of sulfide in the Columbia River described above. [Project chief: W. H . Hays. J basalts in Washington. {P1·oject chief: Engineering implications of Mount St. R. T. Helz.] Helens eruptions. - Initial collection and syn­ Regional volcanology, -The nature of thesis of data on the engineering implications the relationship between vo1canism and geo­ of the Mount St. Helens eruptions wei•e under­ thermal resources continued to be studied. way. (Project chief: R. L. Schuster.] These studies will try to determine if any Mount St. Helens thermal and topo­ systematic relationships exist between specific graphic monitori.ng.-Initial analyses of thermal types of volcanic systems and hydrothermal infrared observations were underway. and geothermal anomalies. Criteria that may (Project chief: H. H. Kieffer.] be useful as guides for geothermal explora­ Radar analysis of Mount St. Helens.­ tion for better understanding of volcanic Initial analyses of radar imagery of the Mount activity and geothermal processes and for the St. Helens area were underway. [ Project conceptualization of magma chamber models chief: H. H. Kieffer. J will continue to be developed. The Oregon­ Middle Tertiary chronostratigraphic Washington map sho\ving the distribution, framework, Pacific Northwest. - Examination composition, and age of late Cenozoic volcanic of the distribution of late Eocene-Oligocene centers is now in press. [Project chief:

faunas and strata jn two east-west transects R. L. Smith. ] across Washington continued. The northern Regional volcanology of the Columbia transect involves Tertiary sections from Seattle River basalt. -New volume and area estimates to Cape Flattery, northern Olympic Peninsula, for all the stratigraphic units of the Columbia and the second transect involves Tertiary River Basalt Group are being,. prepared. sections south of Olympia to Grays Harbor. (Project chief: D. A. Swanson.] Many of these sections are the type sections Geologic map of the Columbia Plateau. - for Pacific Northwest foraminiferal and molluscan Reconnaissance geologic mapping of the Columbia zones. (Project chief: K. A. McDougall.] River Basalt Group is being completed in south­ Genesis of basalt. -Melt models for western Washington and western and north­ Hawaiian tholeiites that are geochemically con­ eastern Oregon. [Project chief: D. A. Swanson. ] sistent, fit geophysical constraints related to Goat Rocks Wilderness RARE II area.­ compositional layering and convection, and Geochemical sampling was completed; final geo­ physical constraints governing collection and logic maps and summary reports will be pre­ transport of partial melts between the site of pared for publication. IProject chief; D. A. melting and sites of storage prior to eruption, Swanson.) will continue to be developed. All available Mount Adams RARE II area.-Final chemical data on Columbia River basalt rocks reports and maps summarizing the mineral and and glasses as a constraint on petrogenesis geothermal resources of the study area wil1 be of this flood basalt province will be summarized. prepared and submitted for publication. (Pr-eject chief: T. L. Wright.] [ Project chief: E. W. Hildreth.]

8 Mount St. Helens volcano monitoring. - Radiocarbon and geothermal studies. - Volcano monitoring at Mount St. Helens and The dating of Glacier Peak tephra marker beds other Cascade Range volcanoes includes the B and G (11, 000-13,000 years BP) will be following activities: (1) determination of refined. [ Project chief: S . W. Robinson . ] volcano deformation horizontal strain from on­ Radiometric age data bank. -The entry site laser-electronic measurements; tilt changes, of radiometric ages for Washington in the using both telemetered continuously operating Radiometric Age Data Bank is continuing, and tiltmeters and on-site measurements at spirit­ age records are being revised where necessary. l evel tilt stations; ( 2) measurements of the [ Project chief: R . F . Marvin. ] magnetic field; and ( 3) measurement of vol­ Geochemical survey of coal- bearing rocks canic gas emissions, using both airborne of western energy 1'egions. - Results of the instruments and on-site sampling. [Project geochemical survey of the Cretaceous rocks chief: D • W. Peterson. I that are the overburden to minable coal in

Cascade volcano observations. - Detailed western coal regions wi11 be prepared for for­ geologic mapping of Mount St. Helens and mal publication. The primary goal in this vicinity continued as a supplement to earlier work is to assess the magnitude of regional geologic maps. New exposures o.f old rocks geochemical variation in rocks, and in the revealed during current eruptions will shed soils and dusts derived from them, and to new light on the areal geology and permit a provide realistic baseline data on the present­ more detailed understanding of relations among day geochemical environment. A report on the deposits from the 1980 eruptions. Paleo­ the short-range dispersal of uranium and magnetic dating techniques will permit refine­ associated elements from tailing piles at ments of the stratigraphy of the volcano. uranium mills in Washington is also being Comprehensive studies of specific rock units prepared. [ Project chief; T . K. Hinkley. ] Repeat magnetic surveys. - Repeat erupted in 1980, .,such as pyro1.Clastic flows, debris flows, surge deposits, and air-fall ash, magnetic survey measurements were made at Washington and other states during 1981. are underway; these studies will continue . Geochemical studies will be aimed at following I Project chief: J . D . Wood.] the changing trends of magmatic evolution Wilderness area geophysical studies. - through the current eruptive cycle, [ Project Gravity surveying was done in the Glacier chief: D. W. Peterson. ] Peak Wilderness area during 1981. [Project chief: M. D. Kleinkopf.] Geoelectrica1 sounding studies.­ Electrical techniques for shallow to Geothermal studies in the Snake River Plain medium depth exploration geothermal systems. - and Cascade Range continued in 1981. Addi­ Ah-borne electromagnetic surveys in the Cas­ tional magnetotelluric profiling will be acquired cade Range were flown in early 1981 and the for the Cascade Range. [ Project chief: data are being evaluated. Ground electrical W. D. Stanley. ] studies are being carried out in California and Geophysics of young volcanic systems.­ a small drilling program is planned in order to A preliminary gravity map of the Cascade better understand the nature of the electrical Range will be compiled. ( Project chief: anomalies observed in geothermal areas. D. L. Williams. ] [Project chief: D. B. Hoover. ]

9 Geomagnetic-telluric array investigations Remote sensing studies of the Cascade of geoelectrical structure in the crust and upper Range , - Twelve Landsat scenes adequately mantle. - The geomagnetic array installed along cover the entire Cascade Range; eight of the the Cascade Range during 1980 is being main­ scenes have been digitally processed and the tained. [Project chief: J, N . Towle. J linear features mapped on them, The remaining Thermal infrared geothermal data. - four scenes were digitally processed and en­ Data obtained for the northern Cascades by hanced and the linear features mapped during the experimental satellite, "Heat Capacity 1981. The completed linear feature data set 11 Mapping Mission (HCMM) 1 will be analyzed will be digitized and entered on the computer and compared with regional geologic, magnetic, for subsequent statistical analysis for preferred gravity, topographic, and Landsat data. The orientation characteristics. Based on the re­ results of these studies will be used to evaluate sults of the statistical analysis, a set of con­ the quality of the geologic data that can be tour maps of linear feature concentrations in derived from thermal satellite data and how statistically important trend intervals will be such data can be applied to geothermal prepared. These maps will be interpreted resource assessment. [ Project chief; K. Watson.] f or patterns suggestive of regional structure, Gamma-ray spectrometry in uranium and the interpretations will be correlated with exploration.-During 1981, data obtained in available geological and geophysical data to Washington in 1980 were analyzed. [ Project help find geological controls for the linear chief1 J. S. Duval.] feature patterns. [ Project chief: D, H, Gamma-ray spectrometry for uranium Knepper.] exploration in crystalline terranes. -Major Benthic processes in west coast estuaries.­ emphasis during 1981 was on preparing reports Initial analyses of data from the long-term study for publication. These reports will deal with of Puget Sound benthos is underway, including interpretations of aerial radiometric sw·veys preparing a report for publication on 1·esults of Indian Mountain, Mount Spokane, and the and interpretation of long-term patterns in the Togo Formation , as well as other areas, Data structure of a benthic community, [Project from these surveys will be synthesized and chief: F. H. Nichols.] used as a basis for a report on the implications Co11tinental margin petroleum resources of using aerial radiometric data for identifying framework , -An open- file report on geophysical uranium mineralization in crystalline terranes. studies in Puget Sound will be completed dur­ [ Project chief: J. A. Pitkin. J ing 1981. {Project chief: T. H. McCulloh. ] Geomagnetic secular variation and vol­ Linear island chains and their relation canic timing and episode correlations, geother­ to horizontal and vertical tectonic movements mal- During 1981, work continued on various of the Pacific crust.-A study of the tectonics young volcanic centers in the United States. and petrology of the Juan de Fuca Ridge was Paleointensity measm.·ements will be comple ted initiated . [Project chief: D. A. Clague.] on specimens from several localities in the Remote deep-water sensing vehicle. - Cascades. Sampling at Mount St. Helens will Plans for a study of deep-sea mineralization be devoted to dating its early geology history . and hydrothermal activity in the Juan de Fuca [Project chief: S. Gromme . I spreading center off the northwestern United

l () States were developed. A short cruise in the Magnetic field observations. - Installation, summer of 1981 collected multichannel seismic maintenance, and monitoring of magnetic and data to study the upper crustal structure of strain-measuring equipment continued during the Juan de Fuca Ridge and adjacent oceanic 1981. Major emphasis was on sites in southern plates. [Project chief: W. R. Normark. J California and Mount St. Helens. Geologic framework and resources assess­ [Project chief: M. J. Johnston.] ment of Oregon-Washington continental margins, - Tectonic analysis,-Completion of a An 8-day geophysical cruise took place on the report on the results of photoelastic modeling continental shelves of Washington and Vancouver of stress distribution in the northwestern Island during 1981. Geologic interpretation United States and the compilation of the tectonic of seismic-reflection profiles of the Oregon, map of Washington at a scale of 11 500,000 are Washington, and southern Vancouver Island in progress, [Project chief: K , F. Fox.] shelves continues. [Project chief: P. D. Pacific States geophysical studies. - Snavely.) Geophysical studies to support assessment of Seismological observatories. -Operation the mineral resource potential of Wilderness and maintenance of seismological observatories areas were in progress. [ Project chief: in Newport, Washington; Cayey , Pue rto Rico; A , Griscom. ] Agana, Guam; and Adak, Alaska, continues. Geochronology. -The geochronology and Observatories at Guam and Newport, Washington , geochemistry of volcanic ash from the Cascade provide input on a 24-hour standby basis to Range will be studied. [Project chief: the Tsunami Warning Service in Honolulu. C. W. Naeser.] [Project chief: H. S. Whitcomb.] Geothermal tectonic seismic studies. - Investigations focused on Mount St. Helens and PUBLI SHED RE PORT S the Cascade Range in southern Washington. A OF T HE U.S. GEOLOG I CAL SURVEY detailed study of post-eruption earthquake swarms at Mount St. Helens and a study of Reports on Washington geology, by the teleseismic p-wave delay in the southern Cas cade U, S, Geological Survey, published since June Range in western Washington are planned, A 1980, are listed below: report on northwest- sh·iking seismic zones in western Washington will be completed. Crustal Alpha, T. R. : Moore, J. G . ; Morley, J. M. ; structure studies on the Olympic Peninsula a nd Jones, D. R., 1981, Physiographic in southwestern Washington will continue. diagrams of Mount St. Helens, Wash­ [Project chief: C. S. Weaver. ] ington, showing changes in its summit Crustal strain .-All major Geodolite crater, summer 1980: U.S. Geological networks in California were resurveyed during Survey Map MF-1279. 1981. In addition, it is planned to resurvey Ando, Masataka ; Balazs, E . I. , 1979, Geodetic the following networks: Shumagin Islands, evidence for a seismic subduction of the Alaska; Seattle, Washington; Ogden, Utah; Juan de Fuca Plate: Journal of Geo­ Hebgen Lake, Montana; and Mexicala, Mexico. physical Research, v. 84, no. B 6, [Project chief: J.C. Savage.] p i 3023~3028.

11 Bacon, C. R., 1980, Quaternary volcanism in American Association of Petroleum the Cascades [abstract): EOS (American Geologists Bulletin, v. 64, p. 692. Geophysical Union Transactions), v. 61, Colman, S. M.; Pierce , K. L. , 1981, Weather­ no. 46, p. 1150. ing rinds on andesitic and basaltic Barron, J . A., 1981, Marine diatom biostratig­ stones as a Quaternary age indicator, raphy of the Montesano Formation of western United States; U.S. Geological Fowler (1965) near Aberdeen, Washington: Survey Professional Paper 1210. Geological Society of America Special Decker, R . W. , 1980, Forecasting the 1980 Paper 184, p. 113-126. eruption of Mount St. Helens-A review Cady, J. W., 1980, Gravity hlgas ;uid crustal f abstract]: EOS (American Geophysical structure, Omineca crystalline belt, Union Transactions), v . 61 , no. 46, northeastern Washington and southeastern p . 1133. British Columbia: Geology, v. 8, Decker, Robert; Decker, Barbara, 1981, The p. 328-332. eruptions of Mount St. Helens: Scientific Casadevall, T. J . , 1981, Gas emissions from American. v . 244, no. 3, p. 68-80. Mount St. Helens, Washington [abstract): Endo, E. T.; Weaver, C. S.; Malone, Steve; Northwest Scientific Association 54th Michelson, C. , 1980, Code magnitudes Annual Meeting, Corvallis, Oregon, of earthquakes associated with the 1980 March 26-28, 1981, Program and eruptions of Mount St. Helens [abstract): Abstracts, p. 30 . EOS (American Geophysical Union Casadevall, T . J.; Johnston, D.; Harris, Transactions), v. 61, no . 46, p. 1133- D. M . ; Stoiber, R. E.: WilUams, S. N.; 1134. Malinconico, L . L. , l 980, Variations of Frederick , J. E. 1 1980. Map showing na.tural so2 and CO2 emission rates at Mount land slopes, Port Townsend quadrangle . St. Helens, March 29 to July 22 , 1980 Pu get Sound region, Washington: U.S. [abstract): EOS (American Geophysical Geological Survey Map I-1198-A , scale Union Ti-ansactions) , v. 61, no. 46, 1:100 , 000 . p. 1138. Friedman, J. D.; Frank, David, 1980, In[rared Casadevall, T. J.; Johnston, D. A.; Stoiber, survey, radiant flux , and total heat R. E.; Malinconico, Lawrence; Williams, discharge at Mount Baker volcano , S. N., 1980, S0 monitoring a t Mount 2 Washington, between 1970 and 1975: St. Helens [ abstract I : Geological U.S. Geological Survey Professional Society of America Abstracts with Paper J 022-D. Programs, v. 12, no. 7, p . 399-400. Friedman, J. D. ; Frank, David; Kieffer, Hugh, Christiansen, R. L . ; Peterson, D. W. , 1980, 1980, Infrared surveys oi emerging Chronology of the 1980 activity of dacite dome, Mount St. Helens volcano, Mount St. Helens, Washington [abstract]: Washington, during June 1980 [abstract]: EOS (American Geophysical Union Geological Society of America Abstracts Transactions), v. 61. p. 1133. with Programs , v. 12, p. 430. Clifton, H. E.; Phillips, R. L .. 1980, Strati­ Friedman. J. D.; Olhoeft, G. R .; Johnson, fication types in intertidal sediment , G. R. ; Frank, David. 1980, Heat content Willapa Bay, Washington [abstract]: and thermal energy equivalent of the

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June 1980 dacite dome at Mount St. and its leachates from Mount St. Helens Helens, Washington labstract): EOS [ abstract] : Geological Society of (American Geophysical Union Transactions), America Abstracts with Programs, v. 61, no. 46, p, 1140. v. 12, no. 7, p . 44 7. Glicken, H.; Janda, R.; Voight, B., 1980, Hoblitt, R, P., 1980, Observations of pyroclastic Catastrophic landslide/debris avalanche flows of July 22 and August 7, 1980, of May 18, 1980, Mount St. Helens Mount St. Helens, Washington [abstract): volcano [abstract]: EOS (American EOS (American Geophysical Union Trans­ Geophysical Union Transactions), v. 61, actions), v. 61, no. 46, p, 1137-1138. no. 46 , p . 1135. Hoblitt, R. P.; Banks, N. G.; Ryan, M. P.; Harris, D. M.; Roe , R .; Rose, W. I., 1980 , Rosenbaum, J . G. : Davis, M. J. , 1980, Radar observations of the July 22 and Emplacement temperatures of Mount St.

August 7, 1980, eruptions of Mount St. Helens eruptive products [abstract] i Helens [abstract]: EOS (American Geological Society of America Abstracts Geophysical Union Transactions), v. 61 , with Programs, v. 12, no. 7, p. 447.

no. 46 1 p. 1137. Hoblitt, R. P. ; Crandell, D. R. ; Mullineaux, Harris , D. M.; Rose, W. I.; Bornhorst, T.; D. R ., 1980, Mount St. Helens eruptive Casadevall, T. J. , 1980, Variations of behavior during the last 1,500 years: so and CO emission rates at Mount 2 2 Geology, v. 8, no. 11, p. 555-559, St. Helens, July 22 to August 29, 1980 Jachens, R.; Spydell, R . ; Pitts, S.; Dzurisin, [abstract): EOS ( American Geophysical D. ; Roberts. C. , 1980 1 Repeat gravity Union Transactions), v. 61, no. 46, studies at Mount St. Helens [ abstract) : p. 1139. EOS (American Geophysical Union Trans­ Harris, D. M.; Sato, M., 1980, CO emission 2 actions), v. 61, no. 46 , p . 1134. rates at Mount tit. Helens b y ,.drborne John ston, D. A; Donnelly-Nolan, Julie, 1981, plume measurements [abstract I: EOS Guides to some volcanic terranes in (Amedcan Geophysical Union Transac­ Washington, Idaho, Oregon, and northern tions), v. 61, no . 46, p. 1138-1139. California: U.S. Geological Survey Heller, P. L., 1980, Multiple ice- flow directions Circular 838. during the Fraser Glaciation in the lowe r Skagit River drainage. northern Cascade Kieffer, S. W., 1980, The May 18 lateral "blast" Range, Washington: Arctic and Alpine a t Mount St. Helens-Preliminary mapping Research, v. 12, no. 3, p. 299-308. of the effects in the devastated area Hinkley, Todd, 1980, Tracing the continuing and a model for multiphase fluid flow fallout of Mount St. Helens ash by ( abstract] : Geological Society of precise measurement of a suite of major , America Abstracts with Programs, v. 12, minor, and trace metals of geologic no. 7, p. 462. interest [abstract]: EOS (American Kie ffer, H. H.; Frank, David, 1980, Thermal Geophysical Union Transactions), v. 61, infrared observations of Mount St. no. 46, p. 970. Helens, March-May 1980 [abstract]: Hinkley, Todd; Lichte, F. £.; Taylor, H. E.; Geological Society of America Abstracts Smith, K. S. , 1980, Composition of ash with Programs, v. 12, no. 7, p. 462.

13 Lipman, P. W. ; Moore, J. G.; Swanson, D . A. , Weaver, Craig, 1981, Seismicity preced­ 1980, Bulging of the north flank of ing the May 18 e1.·uption of Mount St. Mount St. Helens volcano before the Helens [abstract]: EOS (Ameri can May 18 eruption-Geodetic data [abstract]: Geophysical Union Transactions), v . 62, EOS (American Geophysical Union Trans­ no. 6, p. 62. actions), v. 61, no. 46, p. 1135. Pevear, D. R . ; Dethier, D . P . ; Frank, D., Ludwig, K . R.; Nash, J. T.; Naeser, C. W. , 1980, Thermal and hydrothermal altera­ 1981, U-Pb isotope systematics and age tion of new volcanic deposits at Mount of uranium mineralization, Midnite mine, St. Helens, Washington (abstract]: Washington: Economic Geology, v. 76, EOS (American Geophysical Union Trans­ no. 1, p. 89-110. actions), v. 61, no. 46 , p. 1139, MacLeod, N. S.; Kuntz , M. A.; Rowley, P. D.; Rose, W. I.; Harris, D. M., 1980, Radar obser­

Hoblitt, R. P . , 1980 1 Pyroclastic flows vations of ash clouds from the May 18, from the 1980 eruptions of Mount St. 1980, Mount St. Helens eruption [abstract]: Helens, Washington [abstract] : EOS EOS (American Geophysical Union Trans­ (American Geophysical Union Transactions), actions), v. 61, no. 46, p. 1136. v. 61, no. 46, p. 1137. Sarna-Wojcicki, A. M.; Waitt , R. B., 1980, Malone, Steve; Endo, E. T; Weaver, C. S. , Areal distribution, thickness, and com­ 1980, Seismicity associated with the position of volcanic ash erupted from 1980 eruptions of Mount St. Helens Mount St. Helens on May 18, 1980 (abstract]: EOS (American Geophysical [ abstract l: Geological Society of Union Transactions), v. 61, no. 46, America Abstracts with Programs, v. 12, p. 1133. no. 7, p. 515. Miller, C . D; Hoblitt, R. P., 1980, Stratigraphy Sato, Motoaki; McGee, K. A.; Furukawa, Bruce, of deposits produced by the May 18, 1980, Continuous hydrogen monitoring 1980, lateral blast at Mount St. Helens, at Mount St. Helens [ abstract] : EOS Washington [abstract] ; EOS (American (American Geophysical Union Transactions), Geophysical Union Transactions), v . 61, v. 61, no . 46, p. 1139. no. 46, p. 1135. Sisson, T. W. ; Moore, J. G,, 1980, Deposits Moore, J. G.; Albee, W. C . , 1980, Topographic and effects of the May 18 , 1980, Mount and structural changes of Mount St. St. Helens pyroclastic surge [abstract]: Helens, March-July 1980- Photogrammetric EOS (American Geophysical Union Trans­ data [abstract] ; EOS ( American Geo­ actions), v . 61, no. 46, p. 1135. physical Un.ion Transactions), v . 61, Swanson, D. A . ; Lipman, P. W.; Moore, J . G.; no. 46, p. 1134. Heliker, C. C . , 1980, Geodetic monitor­ Mullineaux, D.R.: Crandell, D. R., 1980, ing of Mount St . Helens after the May 18, Effectiveness of volcanic hazards assess­ 1980, eruption [abstract]: EOS (American ment of Mount St. Helens, Washington Geophysical Union Transactions), v. 61, [ abstract] : EOS (American Geophysical no. 46, p. 1137. ' Union Transactions), v. 61, no. 46, Swanson, D, A . ; Wright, T. L.; Camp, V. E . ; p. 1133. Gardner, J. N.; Helz , R . T . ; Price, Noson, Linda: Malone, Steve: Endo, Elliot; S. M.; Reidel , S. P.; Ross, M. E ., 1980,

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Reconnaissance geologic map of the America Abstracts with Programs, v. 13, Columbia River Basalt Group, Pullman no. 2, p. 114. and Walla Walla quadrangles, southeast Whetten, J . T.; Zartman, R. E.; Blakely, R. J,; Washington and adjacent Idaho: U.S. Jones, D. L., 1980, Jurassic ophiolite Geological Survey Map I-1139, scale and the Haystack thrust fault in north­ 1:250,000. west Washington: Geological Society of Tilling, R . I. , 1980, A volcanologist's perspec­ America Bulletin, part 1, v. 91, p. 359- tive: GEO, v. 2, p. 140-141. 368. U . S. Geological Survey, 1980, Preliminary Yount, J, C.; Gower, H. D ., 1981, Seismotec­ aerial photographic interpretative map tonic model for the Puget Sound region showing features related to the May 18, of Washington State [ abstract) : Geologi­ 1980. eruption of Mount St. Helens, cal Society of America Abstracts with Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Programs, v. 13, no. 2, p. ll5. MF- 1254, scale 1:62,500. Voight, B.; Janda, R.; Glicken, H.; Douglass, P. M.; Nolan, M.; Hoblitt, R., 1980, DIVLSION REVISES OIL AND GAS REPORT Catastrophic rockslide-avalanche of May 18, 1980, Mount St. Helens volcano, Wash­ I. C. 67, "Oil and gas exploration in ington [ abstract] : Geological Society of Washington 1900-1978," has been revised and America Abstracts with Programs, v. 12, brought up to date. It is now available for no. 7, p. 542. purchase from us. Waitt, R. B., Jr. , 1980, Stratigraphic relations Information Circular 67R between deposits of lateral surge, debris McFarland, Carl R., 1981 , Oil and gas explora­ flow, and catastrophic floodwater at tion in Washington 1900-1981: Washington Mount St. Helens, 18 May 1980 [abstract]: Division of Geology and Earth Resources EOS (American Geophysical Union Trans­ Information Circular 67R, 43 oil and gas actions) , v. 61. no. 46, Abstract V-17. test well maps, 119 p . Price $2. 50 . Waitt, R. B., Jr.; Dzurisin, Daniel. 1980, Stratigraphic framework of the 18 May eruption of Mount St. Helens (abstract]: DIVISION OPEN-FILE REPORTS Geological Society of America Abstract FOR SALE IN OLYMPIA OFFICE with Programs, v . 12, no. 7, p. 543. Weaver, C. S.; Malone, S. D.; Endo, E.T.; The following open-file reports have Noson, L . J .. 1980, Seisr:nicity patterns recently been released for sale and may also of the Mount St. Helens eruption sequence be used for reference work in our library: ! abstract): EOS (American Geophysical Union Transactions), v. 61. no. 46, Rigby, J. G., 1981, Bibliog;raphies of the p. 1133. geology and volcanic hazards of the Whetten, J. T.; Jones, D. L. , 1981, Age, Cascade Range volcanoes of Washington character, and time of accretion of the and Mount Hood, Oregon: Washington Trafton unit, northwest Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources [abstract]: Geological Society of Open-File Report 81-5, 42 p. Price $5.

15 Stoffel, K. L., 1981, Preliminary report on the by the American Association of Petroleum Geol­ geology of the Grande Ronde lignite ogists . Covering more than half of the sur­ field, Asotin County, Washington: face of the earth, these full-color maps depict Washington Division of Geology and active plate boundaries, p late motion -vectors, Earth R esources Open-File Report 81-6, major intraplate faults , seismic epicenters, 30 p., 1 plate. Price $4. Holocene volcanic activity, and magnetic linea­ Biggane, J. H., 1981, The low temperature tions. Accretionary terrane along the Pacific geothermal 1·esource of the Yakima rim is shown on the Northeast map sheet. region-A prelimi.nary report: Wash­ The basic Circum-Pacific Map series ington Division of Geolc,gy and Earth consists of five 1: 10 million scale maps: The Resources Open-File Report 81-7, Northwest, Northeast, Southeast, and South­ 70 p. , 3 plates. Price $8. 50. west Quadrants and the Antarctica Region. The plate-tectonic maps are available

THESES ADDED TO DIVISION LIBRARY from the AAPG Bookstore, P. 0. Box 979, Tdsa, OK 74101, at $8 each 01· $26 for a set

The followi ng theses were receptly added of all five maps. to our division library and are now available for reference work:

Rady, Paul M., 1980, Structure and petrology of the Goat Mountain area, north Cascades, Washington: Western Washington University Master of Science thesis, 133 p. , l plate. Rhodes. B1·ady P., 1980, Stl"ucture of the east flank of the Kctlle dome, Ferry and Stevens Counties, Washing ton: University of Washington Master of Science thesis, 97 p., 2 plates .

Smith Diane R . , 1980, The mineralogy and phase Index Mop Showing 1: 10 Million Scale Mop Sheets chemistry of silicic tephras erupted from Mount St. Helens volcano, Washington: Rice University Master of Arts thesis, 202 p. Tallyn, Lee Ann K . , 1981. Scabland mounds of NORTHWEST Ml NI NG ASSOCIATION t he Cheney quadrangle, Spokane County , PLANS ANNUAL CONVENTION Washington: Eastern Washington Univer- sity Master of Science thesis, 94 p . , Howard J. Adams, Inspiration Develop- 1 plate. ment Co. , will serve as convention chairman for the Northwest Mining Association 87th PLATE TECTONIC MAPS NOW AVA I LABLE annual convention on December 3-5, in Spokane, Washington. Five new plate tectonic maps of the More than 2, 500 mini~g industry members Circum-Pacific region have just been published from around the world are expected to meet to

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listen to papers structured around .the con­ However, all our copies have b een sold again, vention theme , "Moving ahead with America. " and we have to list the map as out of print . The Precious Metals session will feature Because of budgetary problems, we are unable discussions of newly developed deposits. to revise and update the map at this time. In Dr. Desmond Preto'rius of .South Africa is one order to respond to the reques ts for a state of the featured speakers and will also addi·ess geologic map, we have made blueline copies the convention at the welcoming luncheon on of the 1961 edition. These copies are now Decemb.er 3, available from us as a Divisi on of Geology and A drilling short course will precede the Earth Resou rces unnumb ered open-file repor t convention short course on November 30- for $3. December 2. Registration information for the convent ion and(or) short course is available from the Northwest Mining Association, 633 RECENT U .S . GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Peyton Bldg . , Spokane, WA 99201, OPEN-Fl LE REPORTS ADDED ( 509) 624-1158. TO OUR DIVISION LIBRARY

The following U.S. Geo1ogica1 Survey PICTORIAL LANDFORM MAP OF Open-File Reports are now available for inspec­ MOUNT ST . HELENS PUBLISHED tion in our division library. However, if you BY DEE MOLENAAR wish to purchase any of these reports, please write or call: An oblique-view pictorial landform map of the volcano and surrounding, countryside Open-File Service Section Branch of Distribution presents the "before and after" story of Mount U.S. Geological Survey St. Helens and the cataclysmic eruption of Box 25425 , Federal Center Denver, CO 80225 May 18, 1980. The map shows the locations of (303) 234-5888 towns , roads , airports, campgrounds, recrea­ Prepayment is required. Open-file reports t ion areas, volcano viewpoints, peaks. streams. are announced, with price, in the monthly list, and lakes in the area, The map, "Mount St. "New Publications of the Geological Survey. 11 A Helens Country, Washington," is on one. sheet , free subscription to the list may be obtained on 24 by 17 inches. It i-s for sale by Molenaar application to: Mailing List Unit, U.S. Geological Pi ctorial Maps, P . 0. Box 62, Burley, WA Survey , 329 National Center, Reston, VA 22092. 98322, for $3 . 95, p lus a $1 mailing charge. Alpha , T. R.; Moore. J . G.; Jones, D.R. , 1980, Sequential physiographic diagrams of Mount STATE GEOLOG IC MAP St. Helens, spring 1980: U.S. Geological NOW AVAILABLE ONLY AS OPEN FILE Survey Open-File Report 80-792. Alpha, T. R.; Moore, J. G.; Morley, J. M. ; The colored "Geologic Map of Washing­ Jones, D. R., 1980, Physiographic ton 11 (1961 edition, scale l: 500,000) has been diagrams of Mount St. Helens and r ep rinted by us several times in the past vicinity , Washington, 1980: U.S. Geo­ b ecause of the continuing demand for it. logical Survey Open- File Report 80-920.

17 Crandell, D.R.; Mullineaux, D.R. ; Rubin, Silberman, Miles; Field, C. W. ; Berry; A. L., Meyer; Spiker, Elliott; Kelley, M. L . , editors, 1981. Proceedings of the 1981, Radiocarbon dates from volcanic symposium of mineral deposits of the deposits at Mount St. Helens, Washington: Pacific Northwest : U . S . Geological U.S. Geological Survey Open- File Report Survey Open-File Report 81-355. 81-844, 16 p. U . S. Geological Survey, 1981, Aeromagnetic Dethier, D. P.; Whetten, J. T., 1981, Prelimi­ map of the Indian Heaven area, Wash­ nary geologic map of the 7r-minute Mount ington: U.S. Geological Survey Open­ Vernon quadrangle, Skagit County, Wash­ File Report 81-928, scale 1:62,500. ington : U.S. Geological Survey Open­ U.S. Geological Survey, 1981, Aeromagnetic File Report 81-105, scale 1 : 24, 000. map of the Mount Adams area, Wash­ Dethier, D. P.; Saffoles, S. A.; Pevear, D. R., ington: U.S. Geological Survey Open­ 1981, Composition of till from the Clear File Report 81-929, scale 1:62,500. Lake quadrangle, Skagit and Snohomish U.S. Geological Survey, 1981, Aeromagnetic Counties. Washington: U .S. Geological map of the Mount Margaret area, Survey Open-File Report 81-517. Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-926, scale 1 : 62 , 500. Fox, K. F., Jr., 1981, Reconnaissance geologic U . S. GeologicaJ Survey, 1981, Aeromagnetic map of the Churchill Mountain q uadrangle, map of the Mount St. Hel ens area, Stevens County, Washington: U .S. Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Geological Survey Ope n-File Report Open- File Report 81-932, scale 1: 62,500. 81-169. Wells, Ray E., 1981, Geologic map of the eastern Langston, C. A., 1981, Calculation of strong Willapa Hills, Cowlitz, Lewis, Pacific, ground motion and local field-far field and Wahkiakum Counties, Washington: relationship for the April 25 , 1965, LI. S. Geological Survey Open-File Puget Sound, Washington, earthquake: Report 81-674, scale 1:62,500. U . S. Geological Survey Open-File Wilson, J. R. , 1980, Preliminary geologic map Report 81-377. of the Boyds quadrangle, Ferry and Minard, J. P., 1981, Distribution and descrip­ Steve ns Counties, Washington: U.S. tion of the geologic units in the Bothell Geological Survey Open-File Report quadrangle , Washington: U.S. Geological 80-983. Survey Open-File Report 81-106. Yount., J. C.; Marcus, K. L.; Mozley, P. S., Minard, J. P., 1981, Distribution and description 1980, R adiocarbon dated localities from of the geologic units in the Everett quad­ the Puget Lowland, Washington: U . S. rangle, Washington: U.S. Geological Geological Survey Open-File Report Survey Open- File Report 81-248. 80- 780.

18 •

•. ACT I VE PERMITS AND APPLICATIONS FOR O IL AND GAS DRI LLI NG

Operator Permit County Well n ame Location Ground Estimated Spu d Date no. elevation total date permit (foet) depth issued fee! Shell Oil Co. 334 Kittitas Yakima Mineral Co. 927 FNL and 1, 440 FWL!/ 1, 305.8 16, 199 6-23- 80 4-15-80 No. 1-33 of sec, 33 (15-19£) (T.O.)

Shell Oil Co. 335 Kittitas Yakima Mineral Co. 706 FSL and Z, 250 FEL 2,980 20,000 4-15-80 No . 1-34 of sec. 34 (15-19£)

Sunburst Petro- 336 .lcfl'erson Sunburst No. I SEiNE! sec. 16 600 7,500 6-24-SJ 5-14-81 11:ums Ltd. (26-l3W) (T.O.)

Snowbird Re­ 337 Grant Moses Lake No . 1,202 FSL and 2.451 FEL 1.275 Aban­ 5-16-81 5-14-81 sources Ltd. of ~cc. 13 ( 20-26E) doned at shallow depth

Snowbird Re­ 337 Gr.. n t Mo:,cs Lake No. IA Same as above, except 3,200 6-10-81 sources Ltd . 50 ft. north ol origin.al site

Shell Oil Co. HS Kit lit as 81SSA No. 1- 29 I, 318 FEL and 1,928 FSL 3 , 880 20 .000 7-26-81 5-22-81 of sec. 29 (18-21E)

.. Shdl Oil Co. 139 Grant BN 1- 15 1, 946 FNL and 2, 5Z8 FWL 1,720 zo.ooo 5-22-81 o( sec. 15 (17-ZSE)

...0 Shell Oil Co. 340 Grant BN 1-9 ')65 FWL and I, 869 FNL 2 ,400 20 ,000 5-22-81 of sec. 9 (l5-25E)

Snowbird Re­ 341 Grant Mo~cs Lak, No. 6 2.287 FEL and 1,595 FSL 1,270 3.200 6-29-81 sources Ltd. of sec. 14 {20-Z6E)

6-29-81 Snowbird Re­ 342 G1·:,nt Mo:,c,s_ LJ1ke 'fo. 5 1,303 FSL and 668 FEL I, 275 3.200 sources Ltd . ol sec. 14 ( 20-26E)

Snowbird Re­ 343 Grant Moses Lake No. 4 2,339 FEL and 1,418 FSL 1,,?70 3.200 6-29-81 sources Ltd. of sec . 13 (20-l6E)

Snowbird Re­ 344 Gr,mt Moses Lake No. 3 870 FEL and 3,153 FNL sources Ltd. of sec. 13 (Z0-26E) l,270 3 .200 6-29-81

SnowbJrd Re­ 345 Grant Moses Lake No. 2 829 FEL and 315 FSL 1,275 3,200 6-29-81 sourCt:S Ltd. of sec. 13 (20-26E)

Horsebeaven 346 Benton State No. 1 331 FEL and 293 FSL 830 2.000 6-29-81 Drilling Co. of SE!SE! sec. 36 ( 7-25E) 9-1-81 Sunburst Petro­ 347 Jefferson Sunburst 660 FWL and 755 FSL of 995. 3 7 , 000 leums Ltd. No. 16-10 sec. 10 ( Z6- 13W)

Shell Oil Co. 348 Kittitas Yakima Mineral 668 FNL a.nd l, 734 FWL l, 305. 8 5 ,500 Pending Co. No. 2-33 of sec, 33 (15-19£)

J / Land description indicates that the location is 927 ft. from the north line and 1. 440 ft. from the west line of sec. 33, township J 5 north, range 19 east, Willamette meridian. . , ' . .. .

/ Department of Natura I Resources IUUC UT1 Division of Geology and Earth Resources U. S. ,OST AGI PAID 01,,..ple. w..,.,._ Olympia, WA 98504 ,_,. 263

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