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Body Image, Eating, and Weight Body Image, Eating, and Weight A Guide to Assessment, Treatment, and Prevention Massimo Cuzzolaro Secondo Fassino Editors 123 Body Image, Eating, and Weight Massimo Cuzzolaro · Secondo Fassino Editors Body Image, Eating, and Weight A Guide to Assessment, Treatment, and Prevention Editors Massimo Cuzzolaro Secondo Fassino Formerly University Sapienza of Rome Department of Neuroscience Editor-in-Chief of Eating and Weight University of Turin Disorders Torino Campiglia Marittima (LI) Italy Italy ISBN 978-3-319-90816-8 ISBN 978-3-319-90817-5 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90817-5 Library of Congress Control Number: 2018955861 © Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2018 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland Preface The living human body feels, conceives, imagines, represents, evaluates, loves, hates, and manipulates itself. The relationship between a human being and his/her own body is a borderland, an area of study and practice open to philosophers, histo- rians, sociologists, artists, anthropologists, anatomists, aesthetic physicians, plastic surgeons, neuroscientists, neurosurgeons, neurologists, psychiatrists, psychologists, and bioethicists. Disturbances of the so-called body image are crucial issues in eating and weight disorders. The book deals with the interface between body image and eating and weight disorders (anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, orthorexia ner- vosa, overweight, obesity, etc.) to offer a comprehensive and up-to-date review of research findings and theoretical assumptions. Disorders of body experience may be associated with identified lesions and dis- eases affecting the nervous system or be part of some psychiatric syndromes with- out established neurobiological alterations. They challenge the descriptive classifications of mental disorders. In fact, body image disturbances are also linked to intrapsychic mechanisms as well as different cultural inputs across the lifespan. The first chapter of the book explores the umbrella concepts of body image and body schema from different viewpoints. The knotty problems of definition and classification of eating disorders, body image disorders, and obesities are discussed to shed light on the current debate (Chaps. 2, 4, and 13). Chapter 3 is devoted to the body image assessment methods in children, adoles- cents, and adults. Chapter 5 reviews the syndrome that in the last three decades has been called body dysmorphic disorder, while the historical roots of the invention of dysmorpho- phobia at the end of the nineteenth century are analyzed in Chap. 6. Neuroscientific and brain imaging studies on body image in eating and weight disorders are examined in Chap. 7. Five chapters (Chaps. 8–12) discuss body image disturbances in different eating disorders, according to the current classifications, while four chapters (Chaps. 14– 17) examine body image problems in higher-weight children, adolescents, adults, and after weight loss. v vi Preface Chapters 18 and 19 consider specific issues associated with native gender, gen- der identity, and sexual orientation. The effects of sexual abuse on body image and eating and weight-control behav- iors are explored in Chap. 20. Feminist perspectives on the etiology and treatment of body image disturbance in eating disorders are the subject of Chap. 24. Two chapters review studies on body shame (Chap. 27) and the consequences of social weight stigma (Chap. 28), while Chap. 31 investigates some cultural differences. Chapter 29 reviews the studies on body image, eating, and weight disorders in models, dancers, and aesthetic athletes. Treatment of body image disturbances associated with eating and weight disor- ders is the topic of five chapters devoted to pharmacotherapy (Chap. 26), psychody- namic psychotherapies (Chap. 21), family functioning (Chap. 22), transdiagnostic cognitive behavioral therapy (Chap. 23), and virtual reality, a new promising research field described in Chap. 25. Chapter 30 discusses the experiments of integrated prevention of eating and weight disorders and the role of body image in those programs. All the authors tried to offer a clear even if problematic overview of the above- mentioned topical questions. Health professionals who work in the fields of eating disorders, obesity, body image, adolescence, public health, and prevention should be interested. Rome, Italy Massimo Cuzzolaro Turin, Italy Secondo Fassino Contents 1 Body Schema and Body Image: History and Controversies ���������������� 1 Massimo Cuzzolaro 2 Diagnostic Classification of Body Image Disturbances ������������������������ 25 Secondo Fassino and Enrica Marzola 3 Body Image: Methods of Assessment in Children, Adolescents, and Adults . 39 Enrica Marzola, Massimo Cuzzolaro, and Giovanni Abbate-Daga 4 Diagnostic Classification of Eating Disorders: The Role of Body Image �������������������������������������������������������������������������� 57 Umberto Volpe, Alessio Maria Monteleone, and Palmiero Monteleone 5 Body Dysmorphic Disorder and Muscle Dysmorphia �������������������������� 67 Massimo Cuzzolaro 6 Enrico Morselli and the Invention of Dysmorphophobia . 85 Massimo Cuzzolaro and Umberto Nizzoli 7 Neuroscience, Brain Imaging, and Body Image in Eating and Weight Disorders �������������������������������������������������������������� 97 Santino Gaudio, Antonios Dakanalis, Giuseppe Fariello, and Giuseppe Riva 8 Body Image Disturbances in Anorexia Nervosa ������������������������������������ 113 Enrica Marzola and Giovanni Abbate-Daga 9 Body Image Disturbances in Bulimia Nervosa �������������������������������������� 127 Daniela Degortes, Paolo Santonastaso, and Angela Favaro 10 Body Image and Binge Eating Disorder ������������������������������������������������ 141 Federico Amianto and Secondo Fassino 11 Body Image Disturbances in Other Specified Feeding and Eating Disorders (OSFED) �������������������������������������������������������������� 155 Patrizia Todisco vii viii Contents 12 Orthorexia Nervosa and Body Image . 167 Anna Brytek-Matera and Lorenzo M. Donini 13 Obesities: Controversies in Diagnosis and Classification . 173 Ottavio Bosello, Angiola Vanzo, Maria Pia Donataccio, and Massimo Cuzzolaro 14 Studies on Body Image in Children and Adolescents with Overweight/Obesity . 193 Caterina Lombardo 15 Studies on Body Image in Adults with Non-BED Overweight/Obesity . 207 Alessandra Pokrajac-Bulian 16 Non-surgical Weight Loss and Body Image Changes in Children, Adolescents, and Adults . 219 Federico Amianto 17 Studies on Body Image Changes After Bariatric Surgery in Adults . 233 Luca Busetto, Federica Buongiorno, and Sami Schiff 18 Body Image in Males with Eating and Weight Disorders �������������������� 247 Emilia Manzato and Giovanni Gravina 19 Gender Identity, Sexual Orientation, Body Image, Eating, and Weight . 261 Massimo Cuzzolaro and Walter Milano 20 Sexual Abuse and Body Image in Eating and Weight Disorders . 273 Giovanni Castellini and Valdo Ricca 21 Psychoanalysis and Treatment of Body Image Disturbances in Eating and Weight Disorders �������������������������������������������������������������� 281 Secondo Fassino and Federico Amianto 22 Family Functioning and Body Image . 297 Federico Amianto and Secondo Fassino 23 Transdiagnostic Cognitive Behavioural Theory and Treatment of Body Image Disturbance in Eating Disorders �������� 309 Riccardo Dalle Grave and Simona Calugi 24 Feminist Perspectives on the Etiology and Treatment of Body Dissatisfaction, Eating, and Weight-Related Disorders ������������������������ 323 Melinda A. Green 25 Virtual Reality for the Treatment of Body Image Disturbances in Eating and Weight Disorders �������������������������������������������������������������� 333 Giuseppe Riva, Santino Gaudio, Silvia Serino, Antonios Dakanalis, Marta Ferrer-García, and José Gutiérrez-Maldonado Contents ix 26 Drug Treatment of Body Image Disturbance in Mental Disorders . 353 Matteo Balestrieri 27 Studies on Body Shame in Eating and Weight Disorders �������������������� 369 Giada Pietrabissa, Giorgia Varallo, Cesare Cavalera, Gian Mauro Manzoni, Roberto Cattivelli, Alessandro Rossi, Margherita Novelli, Federica Scarpina, Valentina
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