FAMILY Gill, 1861 – sea devils

GENUS Kroyer, 1845 [=Ceratias Krøyer [H. N.] 1845:638, 648, Mancalias Gill [T. N.] 1878:227, 228, Miopsaras Gilbert [C. H.] 1905:694, Parrichthys Barbour [T.] 1942:84, Reganichthys Bigelow [H. B.] & Barbour [T.] 1944:10, Reganula Bigelow [H. B.] & Barbour [T.] 1944:123, Typhloceratias Barbour [T.] 1942:78, Typlopsaras Gill [T. N.] 1883:284] Notes: [Naturhistorisk Tidsskrift (Kjøbenhavn) (n. s.) v. 1; ref. 2692] Masc. Ceratias holboelli Krøyer 1845. Type by monotypy. originally as Holbölli, correction mandatory. •Valid as Ceratias Krøyer 1845 -- (Maul 1973:674 [ref. 7171], Amaoka in Masuda et al. 1984:108 [ref. 6441], Bertelsen in Whitehead et al. 1986:1403 [ref. 13677], Pietsch 1986 [ref. 5969], Pietsch 1986:374 [ref. 5704], Paxton et al. 1989:294 [ref. 12442], Abe & Iwami 1989:80 [ref. 13580], Pietsch 1990:210 [ref. 21691], Gomon et al. 1994:304 [ref. 22532], Pietsch 1999:2035 [ref. 24766], Anderson & Leslie 2001:20 [ref. 26165], Mecklenburg et al. 2002:301 [ref. 25968], Pietsch 2003:1067 [ref. 27014], Paxton & Gates 2006:665 [ref. 29007], Pietsch 2008:385 [ref. 30637], Pietsch 2009:323 [ref. 30766], Parin et al. 2014:187 [ref. 33547], Stewart & Pietsch 2015:929 [ref. 34271]). Current status: Valid as Ceratias Krøyer 1845. Ceratiidae. (Mancalias) [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 1 (no. 33); ref. 1718] Masc. Murray 1877. Type by original designation (also monotypic). Misspelled Mancalius by Beebe & Crane 1947:169 [ref. 6539]. •Synonym of Ceratias Krøyer 1845 -- (Pietsch 1986:481 [ref. 5969], Pietsch 2009:323 [ref. 30766]). Current status: Synonym of Ceratias Krøyer 1845. Ceratiidae. (Miopsaras) [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 23 (pt 2) [for 1903]; ref. 1631] Masc. Miopsaras myops Gilbert 1905. Type by original designation (also monotypic). Misspelled or unjustifiably emended to Myosparas by Regan 1926:37 [ref. 3679] and to Myopsaras by Roule & Angel 1933:58 [ref. 3827]. •Synonym of Ceratias Krøyer 1845 -- (Pietsch 1986:481 [ref. 5969], Pietsch 2009:323 [ref. 30766]). Current status: Synonym of Ceratias Krøyer 1845. Ceratiidae. (Parrichthys) [Proceedings of the New England Zoölogical Club v. 21; ref. 180] Masc. Parrichthys merrimani Barbour 1942. Type by monotypy. •Synonym of Ceratias Krøyer 1845 -- (Pietsch 1986:481 [ref. 5969], Pietsch 2009:323 [ref. 30766]). Current status: Synonym of Ceratias Krøyer 1845. Ceratiidae. (Reganichthys) [Proceedings of the New England Zoölogical Club v. 23; ref. 299] Masc. Reganichthys giganteus Bigelow & Barbour 1944. Type by monotypy. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Reganichthys Ogilby 1915 in fishes, replaced by Reganula Bigelow & Barbour (June) 1944. •In the synonymy of Ceratias Krøyer 1845 -- (Pietsch 1986:481 [ref. 5969], Pietsch 2009:323 [ref. 30766]). Current status: Synonym of Ceratias Krøyer 1845. Ceratiidae. (Reganula) [Copeia 1944 (no. 2); ref. 298] Fem. Reganichthys giganteus Bigelow & Barbour 1944. Type by being a replacement name. Replacement for Reganichthys Bigelow & Barbour (14 Apr.) 1944, preoccupied by Reganichthys Ogilby 1915 in fishes; Reganula was published in June 1944. •Synonym of Ceratias Krøyer 1845 -- (Pietsch 1986:481 [ref. 5969], Pietsch 2009:323 [ref. 30766]). Current status: Synonym of Ceratias Krøyer 1845. Ceratiidae. (Typhloceratias) [Proceedings of the New England Zoölogical Club v. 21; ref. 180] Masc. Typhloceratias firthi Barbour 1942. Type by monotypy. •Synonym of Ceratias Krøyer 1845 -- (Pietsch 1986:481 [ref. 5969], Pietsch 2009:323 [ref. 30766]). Current status: Synonym of Ceratias Krøyer 1845. Ceratiidae. (Typlopsaras) [Forest and Stream & Rod and Gun, The American Sportman's Journal v. 21; ref. 1723] Masc. Typlopsaras shufeldti Gill 1883. Type by monotypy. Spelled Typhlosparas by Regan 1926:37 [ref. 3679] and Typhlopsarus by Barbour 1942:78 [ref. 180]; original as Typlopsaras three times. •Synonym of Ceratias Krøyer 1845 -- (Pietsch 1986:481 [ref. 5969], Pietsch 2009:323 [ref. 30766]). Current status: Synonym of Ceratias Krøyer 1845. Ceratiidae.

Species Ceratias holboelli Kroyer, 1845 [=Ceratias holboelli Krøyer [H. N.] 1845:639, Reganichthys giganteus Bigelow [H. B.] & Barbour [T.] 1944:10, Pls. 4-6] Notes: [Naturhistorisk Tidsskrift (Kjøbenhavn) (n. s.) v. 1; ref. 2692] Southern Greenland, depth 0-340 meters. Current status: Valid as Ceratias holboelli Krøyer 1845. Ceratiidae. Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical through cold temperate seas, including Hawaiian Islands. Habitat: marine. (giganteus) [Proceedings of the New England Zoölogical Club v. 23; ref. 299] Twelve miles south of Mt. Desert Rock, off Portland, Maine, New England coast, U.S.A., depth 125 fathoms. Current status: Synonym of Ceratias holboelli Krøyer 1845. Ceratiidae. Habitat: marine.

Species Ceratias tentaculatus (Norman, 1930) [=Mancalias tentaculatus Norman [J. R.] 1930:355, Fig. 45, Mancalias bifilis Regan [C. T.] & Trewavas [E.] 1932:100, Pl. 6 (fig. 1); Fig. 158C] Notes: [Discovery Reports v. 2; ref. 3219] South Atlantic, 52°25'S, 9°50'E, depth 650-700 meters. Current status: Valid as Ceratias tentaculatus (Norman 1930). Ceratiidae. Distribution: Southern circumglobal. Habitat: marine. (bifilis) [Dana Report No. 2; ref. 3682] East of New Zealand, 46°43'S, 176°09'E, station 3642, depth about 1500 meters (3000 meters of wire out). Current status: Synonym of Ceratias tentaculatus (Norman 1930). Ceratiidae. Habitat: marine.

Species Ceratias uranoscopus Murray, in Thomson, 1877 [=Ceratias uranoscopus Murray [J.] in Thomson 1877:70, Fig. 20 on p. 69, Mancalias kroyeri Koefoed [E.] 1944:11, Pl. 3 (fig. 4), Mancalias sessilis Imai [S.] 1941:245, Figs. 12-13, Typlopsaras shufeldti Gill [T. N.] 1883:284, Mancalias uranoscopus triflos Roule [L.] & Angel [F.] 1933:57, Pl. 3 (fig. 27), Mancalias xenistius Regan [C. T.] & Trewavas [E.] 1932:99, Pl. 6 (fig. 2); Fig. 158B] Notes: [Voyage of the `Challenger'. v. 2; ref. 17807] Northeastern Atlantic, between Canary and Cape Verde islands, 22°18'N, 22°02'W, 0-4392 meters. Current status: Valid as Ceratias uranoscopus Murray 1877. Ceratiidae. Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical and subtropical seas, including Hawaiian Islands, except eastern Pacific. Habitat: marine. (kroyeri) [Scientific Results of the Michael Sars North Atlantic Deep-Sea Expedition 1910 v. 4 (pt 2, no. 1); ref. 2651] North Atlantic, 28°02'N, 14°17'W, Michael Sars station 42, 900 meters wire out. Current status: Synonym of Ceratias uranoscopus Murray 1877. Ceratiidae. Habitat: marine. (sessilis) [Japanese Journal of Zoology v. 9 (no. 2, art. 14); ref. 13244] Sagami Sea, east of Hasima, Japan. Current status: Synonym of Ceratias uranoscopus Murray 1877. Ceratiidae. Habitat: marine. (shufeldti) [Forest and Stream & Rod and Gun, The American Sportman's Journal v. 21; ref. 1723] Northwest of Bermuda, 37°12'20"N, 69°39'00"W, Albatross station 2099, depth 2949 fathoms. Current status: Synonym of Ceratias uranoscopus Murray 1877. Ceratiidae. Habitat: marine. (triflos) [Résultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies sur son yacht par Albert 1er Monaco. Fasc. 86; ref. 3827] North Atlantic, station 3414, depth 0-4000 meters. Current status: Synonym of Ceratias uranoscopus Murray 1877. Ceratiidae. Habitat: marine. (xenistius) [Dana Report No. 2; ref. 3682] South China Sea, 8°02'N, 109°36.5'E, station 3690, depth about 350 meters (1000 meters wire out). Current status: Synonym of Ceratias uranoscopus Murray 1877. Ceratiidae. Habitat: marine.

GENUS Cryptopsaras Gill, 1883 [=Cryptopsaras Gill [T. N.] 1883:284, Bathyceratias Beebe [W.] 1934:191, Paraceratias (subgenus of Ceratias) Tanaka [S.] 1908:18] Notes: [Forest and Stream & Rod and Gun, The American Sportman's Journal v. 21; ref. 1723] Masc. Cryptopsaras couesii Gill 1883. Type by monotypy. Misspelled or unjustifiably emended to Cryptosparas, Cryptosarus and Cryptosaras by authors (see Pietsch 1986:488 [ref. 5969] and Pietsch 2009:328 [ref. 30766]). Incorrectly spelled Cryptosparas in Beebe 1934:191 [ref. 247]. •Valid as Cryptopsaras Gill 1883 -- (Maul 1973:674 [ref. 7171], Amaoka in Masuda et al. 1984:108 [ref. 6441], Bertelsen in Whitehead et al. 1986:1404 [ref. 13677], Pietsch 1986:374 [ref. 5704], Pietsch 1986 [ref. 5969], Paxton et al. 1989:294 [ref. 12442], Pietsch 1999:2035 [ref. 24766], Anderson & Leslie 2001:20 [ref. 26165], Anderson & Leslie 2001:22 [ref. 26165], Mecklenburg et al. 2002:301 [ref. 25968], Pietsch 2003:1067 [ref. 27014], Paxton & Gates 2006:666 [ref. 29007], Pietsch 2008:387 [ref. 30637], Pietsch 2009:323, 328 [ref. 30766], Parin et al. 2014:188 [ref. 33547], Stewart & Pietsch 2015:931 [ref. 34271], Ho et al. 2016:269 [ref. 34483]). Current status: Valid as Cryptopsaras Gill 1883. Ceratiidae. (Bathyceratias) [Bulletin of the New York Zoological Society v. 37 (no. 6); ref. 247] Masc. Bathyceratias trilychnus Beebe 1934. Type by monotypy. Apparently available, no specific article in Code makes it unavailable; described from observations from a bathysphere. •Synonym of Cryptopsaras Gill 1883 -- (Pietsch 2009:328 [ref. 30766]). Current status: Synonym of Cryptopsaras Gill 1883. Ceratiidae. (Paraceratias) [Journal of the College of Science. Imperial University, Tokyo v. 23 (art. 13); ref. 4321] Masc. Ceratias (Paraceratias) mitsukurii Tanaka 1908. Type by monotypy. •Synonym of Cryptopsaras Gill 1883 -- (Pietsch 1986:488 [ref. 5969], Pietsch 2009:328 [ref. 30766]). Current status: Synonym of Cryptopsaras Gill 1883. Ceratiidae. Species Cryptopsaras couesii Gill, 1883 [=Cryptopsaras couesii Gill [T. N.] 1883:284, Cryptopsaras atlantidis Barbour [T.] 1941:11, Pls. 3 (fig. 1), 6 (figs. 3-4), Ceratias carunculatus Günther [A.] 1887:55, Pl. 11 (fig. D), Ceratias (Paraceratias) mitsukurii Tanaka [S.] 1908:18, Pl. 2 (fig. 3), Cryptopsaras normani Regan [C. T.] & Trewavas [E.] 1932:98, Cryptopsaras pennifer Regan [C. T.] & Trewavas [E.] 1932:98, Fig. 157, Cryptopsaras valdiviae Regan [C. T.] & Trewavas [E.] 1932:98, Fig. 156] Notes: [Forest and Stream & Rod and Gun, The American Sportman's Journal v. 21; ref. 1723] Off New York, U.S.A., western North Atlantic, 39°18'30"N, 68°24'00"W, Albatross station 2101, depth 1686 fathoms. Current status: Valid as Cryptopsaras couesii Gill 1883. Ceratiidae. Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical through cold temperate seas (including Hawaiian Islands). Habitat: marine. (atlantidis) [Proceedings of the New England Zoölogical Club v. 19; ref. 179] North Atlantic, north of Azores, 50°00'N, 25°20'W, Atlantis station 143, depth 0 to 500 fathoms [0-914 meters]. Current status: Synonym of Cryptopsaras couesii Gill 1883. Ceratiidae. Habitat: marine. (carunculatus) [Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger v. 22 (pt 57); ref. 2013] South of Tokyo, Japan, Challenger station 232, depth 0 to 345 fathoms [630 meters]. Current status: Synonym of Cryptopsaras couesii Gill 1883. Ceratiidae. Habitat: marine. (mitsukurii) [Journal of the College of Science. Imperial University, Tokyo v. 23 (art. 13); ref. 4321] Yodomi, Sagami Sea, Japan, depth 0 to 800 fathoms [1464 meters]. Current status: Synonym of Cryptopsaras couesii Gill 1883. Ceratiidae. Habitat: marine. (normani) [Dana Report No. 2; ref. 3682] Off South Africa, 33°53'S, 9°26'E, depth 0 to 1000 meters. Current status: Synonym of Cryptopsaras couesii Gill 1883. Ceratiidae. Habitat: marine. (pennifer) [Dana Report No. 2; ref. 3682] Northeast of New Zealand, 34°24'S, 174°42.5'E, Dana Station 3630(2), 1000 meters of wire out. Current status: Synonym of Cryptopsaras couesii Gill 1883. Ceratiidae. Habitat: marine. (valdiviae) [Dana Report No. 2; ref. 3682] Gulf of Aden, 13°01'N, 47°11'E, Valdivia station 270, depth 0-1840 meters. Current status: Synonym of Cryptopsaras couesii Gill 1883. Ceratiidae. Habitat: marine. ****************************************************************

Unavailable names, uncertain taxa

(genera)

Cryptolychnus Regan [C. T.] & Trewavas [E.] 1932:105 [Dana Report No. 2; ref. 3682] Masc. Cryptolychnus micractis Regan & Trewavas 1932. Family placement uncertain. Not available from Regan & Trewavas 1932 (Art. 13b); no fixation of a type species. Possible subsequent available publication not researched. Ceratiidae.

(species) firthi, Typhloceratias Barbour [T.] 1942:78, Pls. 10, 11 (figs. 2-4) [Proceedings of the New England Zoölogical Club v. 21; ref. 180] Southeastern portion of George's Banks, Gulf of Maine, depth 150-200 fathoms. Holotype (unique): MCZ 35771. •In Ceratias but unidentifiable, illicium lost -- (Pietsch 1986:487 [ref. 5969], Pietsch 2009:328 [ref. 30766]). Ceratiidae. Habitat: marine. merrimani, Parrichthys Barbour [T.] 1942:84, Pl. 11 (fig. 1) [Proceedings of the New England Zoölogical Club v. 21; ref. 180] Crooked Island Passage, Bahamas, 22°42'32"N, 74°23'W, 8000 feet wire out. Holotype: YPM 2004 (not found). Type catalog: Moore & Boardman 1991:9 [ref. 16741]. •In Ceratias but unidentifiable, illicium lost -- (Pietsch 1986:487 [ref. 5969], Pietsch 2009:328 [ref. 30766]). Ceratiidae. Habitat: marine. myops, Miopsaras Gilbert [C. H.] 1905:694, Pl. 99 [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 23 (pt 2) [for 1903]; ref. 1631] Vicinity of Kauai Island, Hawaiian Islands, Albatross station 4019, depth 409-550 fathoms. Holotype (unique): USNM 51637. •In Ceratias but unidentifiable, illicium lost -- (Pietsch 1986:487 [ref. 5969], Pietsch 2009:328 [ref. 30766]). •Questionably a synonym of Ceratias holboelli Krøyer 1845 -- (Mundy 2005:273 [ref. 28379]). •In Ceratias but unidentifiable, illicium lost -- (Pietsch 1986:487 [ref. 5969], Pietsch 2009:328 [ref. 30766]). Ceratiidae. Habitat: marine. trilychnus, Bathyceratias Beebe [W.] 1934:191, Fig. [Bulletin of the New York Zoological Society v. 37 (no. 6); ref. 247] 6 1/2 miles south by east of Nonsuch Island, Bermuda, 2470 feet (seen from bathysphere). No types known. Status uncertain; no specimens collected, seen from a bathysphere only. Also in Beebe 1934:211, 327, fig. 117. •Nomen dubium in Cryptopsaras -- (Pietsch 2009:331 [ref. 30766]). Current status: Synonym of Cryptopsaras. Ceratiidae. Habitat: marine.