30368 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 25, 1975 E·XTE.N.SIONS OF REMARKS PUBLIC CALLED WARY ON The American public has become more He said, "Not only do they distrust busi­ FOREIGN POLICY challenging, suspicious and selective about ness-they now distrust big labor, big gov­ foreign involvement, especially the use of ernment--and now their own state and local mliitary power, since the Vietnam war, the governments are gaining on the distrust committee was told. treatment." HON. DON BONKER However, the dominant U.S. public atti­ "Uncritical trust in the President's judg­ OF WASHINGTON tude is internationalist, not growingly isola­ ment is gone," agreed Ya.nkelovich and nu­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tionist, according to most, but not all of the merous others. analysts. Pollster Harris contended, however, that Wednesday, · September 24, 1975 The committee's new inquiry into the what has occurred is a fundamental Amer­ American role in the world began with a ican change of focus on the world, not a Mr. BONKER. Mr. Speaker, in a re­ poll of eight pollsters. It was the start of turning away from the world. cent statement on the Middle East I raised an intermittent series of hearings re-ex­ "Our people have come to believe that it the question of coherency and consistency amining U.S. foreign policy goals that Will is a. mistake for us to back corrupt and re­ in America's foreign policy. It is diffi­ continue into next summer's bicentennial pressive governments, no matter how ben­ cult indeed for Israel and Egypt, the celebrations, Chairman John Sparkman (D­ eficial the mliitary advantages might be in countries involved in the Cyprus issue Ala.) said. such arrangements," Harris said. and others to know and respond to our The pollsters, agreeing and disagreeing "To me," said pollster Field, "the root of foreign policy when the Secretary of about what is on the minds of Americans, this matter seems to me to be the absence did reach a. consensus on some points, es­ of public debate about our national interest State is advocating one course and the pecially that Americans are readier than ever · and the true nature of our national secur­ Congress another. to argue with their leaders. ity." Americans, he said, no longer assume We are without consensus on objec­ Americans believe that the "public and "that the President knows best." tives and policies. Detente is as close as Congress should have greater influence on we come to any central theme, but it U.S. foreign policy," and they ask "for candor is a meandering stream yet to clearly and openness" from political and military define its course. For the most part, we leaders, said George Gallup Jr. of the Ameri­ CONGRESSMAN DRINAN VISITS can Institute of Public Opinion. watch Dr. Kissinger's personal diplomacy It is a myth, said pollster Louis Harris, ANDREISAKHAROV with all the anticipation and uncertainty "that America. has gone isolationist." Instead, of an audience at an Alfred Hitchcock he said, the public is "disturbed at what movie. might be called the old way of cementing for­ HON. JONATHAN B. BINGHAM The flexibility of this approach, and eign policy mainly with military power and OF NEW YORK the acknowledged skill of the Secretary the export of military weaponry." IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Americans, he said, "are prepared to take of State often yield positive results. Yet Wednesday, September 24, 1975 we need to be a ware of the limits of this giant strides toward international partici­ pation, well beyond what many of their lead­ Mr. BINGHAM. Mr. Speaker, during one man show. ers have asked," but have become "far m,ore The Secretary of State confronts him:­ selective and articulate" about U.S. objec­ his visit to the Soviet Union last month, self with a dilemma based upon two of tives. Representative ROBERT F. DRINAN, Demo­ his core doctrines. He says our foreign Pollster Daniel Ya.nkelovich and other crat, of Massachusetts, visited with Rus­ policy must speak with "central author­ panelists agreed that most Americans reject sia's world-renowned nuclear physicist ity," at the same time that he desires the Cold War strategies and accept detente and leading spokesman for freedom and to retain the fiexibil1ty of personal with the Soviet Union and China., although human dignity, Dr. Andrei D. Sakharov. diplomacy. Yet, surely he realizes that suspicion continues about Soviet motives. In the September 13 edition of the He said, "The public's slogan might well Boston Globe, Congressman DRINAN the very basics of our government struc­ be: 'Detente, yes; damn fools, no.' " ture dictate the necessity of a broad A majority of Californians, said Mervin wrote movingly of the plight of this out­ consensus among public opinion, the ex­ Field of the Field Research Corp., have standing individual. The courageous ef­ ecutive, Congress and even the courts adopted the "rather revolutionary idea" that forts of Dr. Sakharov in resisting the before any policy can be considered au­ "Congress, not the President, should have Soviet Government's attempts to silence thoritative and stable. There is no "au­ the strongest voice in foreign policy." him constitute a monument to the thority" based upon abdication of re­ ". . . We are a troubled and beleaguered strength of the human spirit and an people." said William Watts, president of indictment of the Soviet system. Con­ sponsibility to any one man or institu­ Potomac Associates. tion. That is a simple fact of life built Americans, he said, have experienced "a gressman DRINAN's article follows: into our system of checks and balances, truly profound change in our sense of priori­ A VISIT WITH SAKHAROV separation of powers, and popular re­ ties" in the last decade, With domestic prob­ (By ROBERT F. DRINAN) sponibility. . lems replacing international issues as the Dr. Andrei Sa.kha.rov was a troubled, lonely As many commentators throughout prime cause of worry. This year there has man when I visited with him for 80 minutes our history have noted, this may not be been "a slight shift back toward a more in­ in Moscow on Aug. 22. His wife had left two the best possible way to conduct foreign ternationalist, less isolationist point of view," days ea.rleir for eye surgery in Italy. His he said. handsome grandson, aged 2, recently threat­ affairs, but it is the only way available Burns Roper of the Roper Organization ened by blackmailers with bodily harm, was to a democracy. went far beyond Watts, disagreeing sweep­ on his grandfather's lap recovering from a Recent testimony by some of the Na­ ingly with specialists like Harris and Gallup. mysterious malady that had conceivably been tion's leading pollsters before the Sen­ The American public, Roper said, "is defi­ caused by some criminal assault on the child. ate International Relations Committee nitely not interna.tiona.list," but rather "is Russia's world-famous nuclear physicist, indicates the troubled and unsettled almost oblivious to foreign problems and now the Soviet Union's most troublesome dis­ foreign issues, and is instead, intensely pre­ sident in residence, looked older than his 54 state of current public opinion on for­ occupied with things domestic." Dr. years. He spoke gently, reflectively, almost eign affairs. Both Congress and Kis­ Public attitudes on world affairs, he said, prayerfully. He talked first about his now singer would do well to pay heed to this are "confusing" and "inconsistent.'' For ex­ intensified hope that his daughter Tatya.na testimony. I ask that a Washington Post ample, he said, "half the public believes that and her husband, the parents of· his threat­ summary of the testimony be placed in if the flow of foreign oil were totally stopped, ened grandson, would be able to leave Russia. the RECORD at this point: we would have no serious problem. Only a and accept a. fellowship offered to them by third say we couldn't manage without it." MIT in 1973. Sakharov noted that it was only PuBLIC CALLED WARY ON FOREIGN POLICY: Americans already are better informed POLLSTERS FIND AMERICANS SET To CHAL· world pressure from such persons as Wllly LENGE PRESIDENTIAL DECISIONS than many in Congress and elsewhere real­ Brandt and King Ba.udouin of Belgium that ize, said economic analyst Albert E. Sind­ (By Murrey Marder) had produced a. visa for his wife. linger, and there is "a new unrest" which he I told Dr. Sakha.rov how I had organized Americans no longer automatically assume labeled "belligerent isolationism." a .group of nine ·church-related Americans to that "the President knows best" about shap­ Public attitudes, Sindlinger maintained, visit the USSR to express our solidarity with ing foreign policy, public opinion experts told "have moved from bewllderment, to frustra­ Soviet Jews. I recalled how visas were granted the Senate Foreign Relations Committee yes­ tion, to anger and to confusion, to complete and then withdrawn. He was not surprised terday. distrust." but expressed with remarkable vigor his con- September 25, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 30369 viction that the "role of Christians" in help­ denying the value of intelligence itself or different from the myths about it as the ing Soviet Jews "can be immense." He urged are challenging the need for guarding rea.U ty of astronomy from the Aztec myth that Christian spokesmen from America. of the sunrise. a. void the oftlcia.l religious leaders in the intelligence sources and methods. I have met no informed and respon­ Let's note some of the realities: USSR who are "collaborators" and establish Our careful centrali2lation of foreign in­ contacts with Russia's religious dissidents, sible citizen, and certainly no Member of formation from open, publlc sources provides at least 300 of whom are in prison. Congress, who has suggested that the us with a compendium and continuity of In a. touching display of his compassion United States can do without an effec­ facts. for those who suffer persecution for religion's tive system of intelligence gathering and America's technical genius has revolution­ sake, Dr. Sakharov rose and obtained from analysis. And in my experience the CIA ized inte111gence. It has. given us new views his desk for me the address of the wife of has generally performed these functions of distant objects, new abilities to analyze a. Russian Orthodox priest who has been in and absorb masses of data. and detail, new jail in the Ukraine for several years. SakhMov rather well. What has caused such wide­ electronic ways to keep up with the fast­ asked me to write to this woinan whom his spread alarm, and what Mr. Colby has moving and complex world of today. wife ood met when Mrs. Sakharov was visit­ refused to deal with frontally, is the To these must still be added that informa­ ing some prisoners associated with her Agency's straying from legitimate in­ tion that we can only get from the resource­ nephew, who received a. 15-year sentence formation gathering to engage in direct ful, dedica.td clandestine operator. He is in the Leningrad hijacking trial. Sakh·arov manipulation of governments and in­ the only one who can overcome the barriers suggested that Russia's prisoners of Zion re­ stitutions, often by the most violent of of the closed and hostile societies that share ceived some moral su!)port and help but that if our planet. He can tell us of secret plans for Chris·tians imprisoned in Russia for their means. Even Mr. Colby thinks he can tomorrow or the research ideas of today. religion received almost no domestic or in­ blur the distinction, Americans do un­ He tells us of the human interaction­ ternationa! encouragement. derstand the difference between gather­ something no technology can show-among Dr. Sakharov explained at some length the ing intelligenc~ and pushing people groups and leaders of closed societies. work in defe::J.se of religious freedom of his around. Experts of independence, talent and intel­ friend now imprisoned, biologist Dr. Koval­ Of such strong-arm tactics Mr. Colby lectual integrity study this wealth of report­ yov, whose trial in Lithuania is scheduled only says that "little of this nature" is ing. They write objective assessments of for about Oct. 15. Lamented Sa.kha.rov, Ko­ done any more, an assurance that must world affairs free from domestic political bias valyov receives support neither from Chris­ of Government departments' budget desires. tians nor from his fellow biologists. come as cold comfort to the widow of Intelligence collection and analysis cover It was extraordinarily moving to hear Salvador Allende and to other recent not only m111tary threats but political prob­ Sa.kharov speak with such conviction about victims of CIA skulduggery. It is high lems and economic dangers as well. Intel­ religious freedom. I was listening to a. man time indeed for a facing of reality, and ligence forecasts of future trends abroad who, after the death of his wife, married in Mr. Colby and his superiors might start permit us to make national decisions about the early 1970s a. woman he met at one of by rereading the CIA charter, a docu­ future foreign threats in time to react. the protest vigils he attended. ment directing the collection of intelli­ Intelllgence permits us to negotiate inter­ Half Jewish and the daughter of a. woman national differences before they become dis­ who spent 16 years in Stalinist prison camps, gence but in no way authorizing political putes. And today the excellence of our in­ this woman knew the lash of Russian op­ and paramilitary action. formation now contributes to a new role pression and Soviet anti-Semitism. It was Mr. Colby's article follows: for intelligence: peacemaking and peacekeep­ she, I thought as I sat in awe and admira­ MODERN INTELLIGENCE: MYTH AND REALITY ing. tion in Sakharov's modest wpartment, who (By William E. Colby) With sure information about the plans, capabilities and dispositions of the political must have radicalized and "rellgionlzed" her WASHINGTON.-The Aztecs thought the husband. and military forces on both sides of foreign Sun God had to be strengthened each day by crises, we can clarify their misunderstand­ Obviously missing her, Sakharov combined the sa.crlflce of a. young man or woman. the forces of his powerful mind with her ings of each other that might lead them to Without the sacrifice the sun could not rise. go to war; we can reassure both sides of absent militant spirit and sketched a vision The myth of the Sun God's need drove the of what could ha.ppen -in Russia-if only getting from us early warning of hostile nation through the daily travail of the sacri­ moves by the other side. enough believing and non-believing persons fice. cared enough to fight for human freedom. Perhaps the strongest myt hs relate to the The reality CYf astronomy to explain the For hours after talking with Se.kha.rov, I Central Intelligence Agency's mission of sunrise was unknown. covert political and para.milltary action. To­ could not quiet my concern about the future Today we have myths about our intelli­ of this beautiful human being. Will the day's reality 1s that little of this nature 1s gence. They are expressed 1n sensational done. What 1s done is fully controlled by the Kremlin keep his wife outside of Russia and catchwords: "dirty tricks," "invisible govern­ thereby seek to induce her husband to fol­ policy levels of our Government and is re­ ment," "terminate with extreme prejudice," ported to committees of the Congress. low? Would Brezhnev hope that the prophetlQ "lie to anyone but the President," "1nfl.ltra.­ voice of Sa.kharov would fade away if he were This, then, is the reality of modern intel­ t1on of the White House," "desta.bilization," ligence. We understand why the myths arose, "banished" to the West? Or will Saknaro·v "secret war,'' "massive illegal." be allowed to remain in Moscow where each as we understand why the Aztec myth was They come from old, outmoded ideas about born, but serious and scientific investigations day his stature grows as a prophet? intelligence: espionage, intrigue, derrlng-do. Like other things in the Soviet Union this by the Congressional committees examining These myths achieve lives of their own. 1nte111gence wlll clarify the need of our free question will be resolved by expediency, fear, Formal denials, evidence to the contrary, and chance or happenstance. I profoundly hope society for inte111gence and show the excel­ independent, serious, follow-up assessments lence of the intelligence structure that serves that Andrei D. Se.kha.rov can remain in Mos­ of the true proportions of a catch phrase cow for years to come; if he does he can be it. They should also show the true propor­ never overtake the original allegation. The tions of the missteps of the past, and the the founder of a new Russia. and the architect myth becomes accepted as reality. of a new world. national atmosphere in which they occurred. In normal times, these myths are but With this new perception of reality should part of the life of an intelligence profes­ also come clear direction and effective super­ sional, like the anonymity and the lonely vision. This Will insure that the new reality challenges, intellectual as well as physical, remains fully compatible with our free MR. COLBY'S PROBLEMS WITH of a demanding craft. society. For this, too, is a reality of American REALITY Today, however, these individual myths intell1gence, that it must conform to the are galnlng momentum and mass. They tend will of the American public as well as our to portray intelligence as unconstitutional, constitutional procedures. improper, unwanted by our citizens. They HON. MICHAEL HARRINGTON This need not include some new myth that OF MASSACHUSErl'S threaten American intelligence's ability to contribute to the political, economic and "the public has a right to know" everything. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES military safety and welfare of our nation. The citizen does have a. right to expect that this new reality of intelligence will protect Wednesday, September 24, 1975 These myths threaten inte111gence's ability to help our country to negotiate with-not his country's essential secrets. Mr. HARRINGTON. Mr. Speaker, CIA confront-opponents in an unsettled world. We protect other American secrets: pro­ Director William Colby's article in a re­ If we believe these myths, we can make ceedings of grand juries, diplomacy, trade, our own mistaken Aztec sacrifl.ce--American income tax and census data., although intel­ cent issue of the New York Times, which ligence secrets are being exposed 1n unpre­ asks us to avoid the "myths'' and to see intelllgence-in the belief that only thus can the democratic sun of our free society rise. cedented, and dangerous, volume. the "reality" of modern intelligence We must not sacrlflce a virlle, a. necessary, Secrecy is not new in America. IntelUgence work, is actually a familiar CIA exercise contributor to the safety of our nation, the professionals accept, indeed seek, a better in avoiding reality. Again an Agency welfare of our citizens, and peacekeeping discipline to enforce adherence to the funda­ apologist has blandly pretended that in the world of the future to a handful of mental obligation of intelUgence, that it pro­ public and congressional critics are myths. The reality of intelllgence today 1s as tect its sources. 303'70 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 25, 1975 With public understanding of the realities tional Safety Council, and the Bureau of At that time, the average monthly bene­ of American intelligence, we can avoid a. use­ Motor Safety Carriers. fit was about $65 to $75. less Aztec sacrifice. Nor need we believe that Further data. also shows that there is an Today, the average monthly benefit is ultimate myth: that America does not have increase of 8% in the stopping distance of the responsib111ty and restraint necessary to an average 55 foot, 6 axle tractor trailer, in the range of $250-$275, but the death have the best intell1gence service in the world. when the gross weight of the truck is raised benefit is still limited to $250. Clearly, (rom 73,820 lbs. to 80,000 lbs. This single the relationship envisioned in the origi­ statistic gains crucial significance when one nal act has not been maintained. considers the design of the highways serv­ I am therefore introducing today leg­ ffiRATIONALITY AND SEVERE PEN­ icing the mWions of commuters who use islation to increase the upper limit for ALTIES OF INCREASED TRUCK these roads in the large metropolitan areas death benefits under social security to of the country. These highways have a great $825, so that the original intent of the WEIGHTS many exits and entrances within a short distance of one another. They are not the ·act is restored. I trust the House Ways long, straight roads with few interchanges and Means Committee will act speedily HON. STEWART B. McKINNEY that are found in some states. and favorably on this modest but im­ OF CONNECTICUT There is no room for error in assessing portant proposal. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the existence or degree of the increased safety-risks involved in raising the weight Thursday, September 25, 1975 liinita.tions for trucks; for as we all know, Mr. McKINNEY. N:r. Speaker, recently the penalty that could result from an 1m­ CLOTIDNG WORKERS ATTACK proper assessment is too servere. MULTINATIONAL SWEATSHOPS I presented testimony to the Subcom­ Mr. Chairman, this rising threat to per­ mittee on Surface Transportation of the sonal safety 1s but one aspect of the intoler­ House Public Works Committee, in op­ able situation caused by increasing the HON. ROBERT N. C. NIX position to the increase in allowable truck weight limitations. It is estimated that it OF PENNSYLVANIA weights from 73,820 pounds to 80,000 would take $4 billion to replace the capital pounds. I would like to have this testi­ and improve the maintenance of our na­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES mony reprinted in the RECORD in hopes tion's fa111ng railroad system. The truck Thursday, September 25, 1975 to weight increase, by taking perhaps another that my colleagues will finally come half billion dollars out of our ra.llroad's in­ Mr. NIX. Mr. Speaker, in my capacity the realization that to ignore the issue is coming net revenue, will make their unten­ as chairman of the International Eco­ to condone the irrational value judg­ able situation significantly worse. Further­ nomic Policy Subcommittee of the Inter­ ments and frightening consequences that more, the idea of the railroad and trucking national Relations Committee, I have the weight increase represents. industries working in opposition to one an­ been studying the activities of American STATEMENT BY HON. STEWART MCKINNEY- other seems particularly irrational at a. time multinational corporations and the effect TRUCK WEIGHTS when both the industries should be making a. concerted effort to relieve the critical they have on employment, prices, and Mr. Chairman: transportation problems in this country. prosperity here at home. In light of my unalterable opposition to A very disturbing trend that is devel­ the increase in allowable truck weights, from The idea of maintaining the increased 73,820 to 80,000 lbs., I am extremely pleased weight limitations seems equally irrational oping among some of these companies is to have this opportunity to testify before in consideration of the estimated $100,000,- the ''export" of jobs to low-wage coun­ your committee today. 000 infiationary rise in maintenance costs tries overseas. A typical pattern is for a In recent months I have contributed my for our nation's highway system, and a. stag­ large company to transfer its production full assistance to the vigorous efforts directed gering projection of $2.4 billion for pro­ facilities from this country to Asian or at correcting the intolerable error that re­ viding a complete road system capable of ac­ commodating the higher weights. other countries. The products of these sulted from passage of the weight increases. facilities are therrimported back into our The reason for my participation in this ef­ The costs of these increases is exempllfted fort is two-fold. The first is my personal an­ not only in maintenance costs but also in domestic market. ticipation of the adverse effects that will in­ employment figures as well. An increase in One industry that has been particu­ evitably accompany the increases. The second weight limits from 73,820 lbs. to 80,000 lbs., larly hard hit by this practice, including stems from the overwhelming opposition to effectively perinits a. 10% payload increase in my city of Philadelphia, is the apparel the weight additions, voiced by members of for trucks and has and will occasion the industry. The Amalgamated Clothing PlY constituency, who have witnessed the elimination of jobs at a time when unem­ Workers of America, one of America's rising threat of injury or death on our na­ ployment is one of our country's most press­ ing problems. most dynamic labor unions, has been a tion's highways; who forsee the reduction of leader in calling attention to this prob­ many thousands of jobs at a t1me when in­ Mr. Chairman, it is my hope that, with creased employment is vital; and who have your committe's approval, we will be able lem. The following article from the cur­ felt the tightening of the infia.tionary grip to restore some measure of safety to the rent issue of the ACW A's official publica­ resulting from increased highway mainte­ treacherous situation on our nation's high­ tion, the Advance, summarizes their re­ nance costs. These people, who constitute a ways, that we wlll be able to a.rrest the es­ cent research into this problem. wide occupational cross-section, have strong­ calation of costs for highway maintenance, I would call particular attention to one ly petitioned me to take advantage of any and work towards the implementation of a point mentioned in the article. Not only opportunity to reset the increased weight balanced transportation system. In short, does the transfer of production to other limits at their original level. Mr. Chairman, I hope we can null1fy the The question of whether additional truck error that permitted the truck weight in­ countries mean a loss of jobs here at weights has an effect on the outcome of a. crease to become law. home, it also means the development of car-truck collision was answered for us years exploitative, "sweatshop" industry in the ago with the discovery of the law of physics host .countries. I offer the article for the which states that force equals mass times RECORD: acceleration. Despite this obvious conclusion, SOCIAL SECURITY DEATH BENEFIT MULTINATIONALS: SWEATSHOPS ABROAD AND a recital of some very frightening statistics IN NEED OF ADJUSTMENT UNEMPLOYMENT IN THE UNITED STATES may provide a clearer and more detailed proof In the world economy today, many manu­ of the increased hazards to motorists, who factured items sold in the United States are confront the problem of heavier trucks on produced in foreign factories, the products of our nation's highways. HON. SPARK M. MATSUNAGA OJ' HAWAn American multinational operations. The poor safety record of tractor trailer Multinationals concede that they buy or trucks includes involvement 1n twice as IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES manufacture abroad in certain low-wage de­ many fatal highway crashes per 100 million Thursday, September 25, 1975 veloping countries because labor and produc­ vehicle miles of travel as passenger cars. An tion costs are far cheaper there than in the individual's chance of being kWed in an Mr. MATSUNAGA. Mr. Speaker, dur­ United States. But they insist that by putting accident is 10 times greater in a collision ing the August recess we celebrated the their operations into those areas of the world, involving a large truck and a car than be­ 40th anniversary of the enactment of the they are raising the standards of 11 vlng there. tween two cars. About 40 occupants of pas­ Social Security Act. But the reality and the stated purpose are senger cars die for every occupant of a. heavy poles apart. truck in a car-truck collision. One of the provisions in that original to Far from bringing "a higher standard of The aforementioned high-risk figures act was for a death benefit, help sur­ living" to such countries as South Korea, come from such reputable sources a8 the vivors pay for the attendant expense of Thailand and Hong Kong, the multinationals National Transportation Board, the National burial. The benefit was set at three times have brought degrading low-wage sweatshop Highway Safety Administration, the Na- the monthly benefit, up to a limit of $250. conditions Uke those the American labor September 25, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF R£MARKS 30371 movement spent a century trying to eradi· the rubber plantations live in shacks pro­ 14 years as the superintendent of the sys­ cate. vided by the company, but they have no tem. His tenure gave rise to a total school There is mounting evidence that the oper­ toilet facilities. In fact, it was reported that environment encompassing the necessary ations of multinational corporations do not these unhealthy conditions had not changed blend of educational tools and instru­ lead to economic benefits for the majority of in the last 30 or 40 years, and the subsistence the people in countries favored by their in­ wage, as in most of the developing countries, ments of faith-the type of foundation vestments, and that the multinationals' is drastically eroded by inflation and the today's students need to prepare them claims of being humanitarian benefactors are ever increasing cost of food." for their role in a very complex society. a sanctimonious cloak for ruthless exploita· Far from raising the standard of living in The monsignor's achievements go well tlon of workers. low-wage countries, American factories and beyond the realm of education to em­ Moreover, the consequent flood of low­ multinational corporations help perpetuate brace many civic and humanitarian wage imports to the U.S. is washing away working conditions and wages which are causes. Over the years he has served, to American jobs at a time of unemployment illegal in the U.S. and in most other devel­ already at crucially high levels. oped countries where a free trade union cite only a few, on the editorial board And, of course, the nations which provide movement exists. of the Westel'n New York Catholic; on low-wage labor for American manufacturers The authoritative Wall Street Journal re­ the Erie County Narcotics Board; as a are necessarily those nations 1n which no cently published an account on the use of member of the board of directors of the strong trade union movement exists to safe­ prison labor by multinational corporations Buffalo Chamber of Commerce; and as guard worker rights. Often they are nations based in Colombia. a member of the board of directors of in which trade union organization is pro­ "Currently," reports Stephen J. Sansweet, the Buffalo Philharmonic Orchestra So­ hibited by governments eager to attract writer of the article, "Colombian prison au­ ciety, the Western New York Tuberculosis American investment that will facllitate thorities say, about 6,000 prisoners work at industrialization. prison facilities on tasks ranging from as­ and Health Association, and the Buffalo Take the example of South Korea where sembling cardboard egg cartons to recycling Council on World Affairs. The list of his strikes by workers in a foreign-owned com­ bottle caps. They are paid, but far less than contributions and his achievements pany are outlawed, and collective bargaining the average unskilled worker in regular fac­ seems almost endless, and it reflects the activity is severely limited. tories, and they don't get any fringe bene­ boundless energy and ebthusiasm Mon­ In the interests of industria.l development fits." signor Hammer! has devoted to his for which it requires American capital, the When nations build export industries community. South Korean government "balances the wel­ based not on creativity, invention, style, fare of the workers against the development sources of raw materials or some other The monsignor will now devote his full of the nation," according to its Director of special advantage, but only on the "ad­ time to pastoral duties in the Buffalo Labor Affairs. vantage" of low wages, the result is economic area. I salute this fine man and I know For an article in the January 1975 Issue chaos and social injustice. Multinational that I speak for the entire Buffalo com­ of The Advance, Rev. Herbert White, Eco­ corporations are able to roam the globe, munity when I thank him for all he has nomic Concerns Consultant for the United looking for the lowest wages, pulling up done and wish him the best for all future Church Board for Homeland Minlstries, who stakes if wages rise in one area to move to endeavors. had headed a church mission in South Korea, another. Companies looking to buy imports described the poor factory conditions there search for the cheapest wage scales, shifting and the government's repressive actions to from nation to nation in an effort to keep hold the workers down. labor costs down. Huge retailers hop, skip UNITED NATIONS PARTICIPATION "Only a sutalned worldwide boycott of and jump around the earth looking for high­ ACT AMENDMENT goods manufactured under sweatshop con­ profit items, based on low wages. ditions can force the South Korean govern­ The ultimate impact of these operations ment to pay competitive wages and thus of multinational corporations on the Ameri­ HON. HENRY HEtSTOSKI simultaneously save American jobs and the can economy is that, at a time like the pres­ OF NEW JERSEY dignity and freedom of its own working ent, when the economy is weak, traditional IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES population." American industries, including apparel and It is in a South Korean factory where teen­ textile, are being mortally injured and job Thursday, September 25, 1975 age girls are hired to produce children's opportunities killed. Mr. HELSTOSKI. Mr. Speaker, today, dresses for export to the U.S. that the girls' The union member or other consumer September 25, 1975, the House is sched­ working day is 11 hours long, seven days a who pledges to "Buy American" is therefore week, for $23 monthly wage. In summer, the not only helping to safeguard American uled to consider H.R. 1287, the United working day is spent in an airless loft where jobs-he or she is also striking a blow for Nations Participation Act Amendment. the temperature sometimes reaches 100 de­ international worker solidarity and freedom A subject of widespread controversy, I grees. The shop is monitored by uniformed by refusing to participate in the organized would like to state, at this time, my sup­ pollee and by detectives who make sure that oppression practiced throughout the world port for this fine piece of legislation no labor "agitation" ever takes place. by profi't-hungry multinational corporations. aimed at the continuation of U.S. partic­ Another chilling case of exploitation of ipation in the maintenance of world child labor in a factory in Thailand produc­ ing blouses exported to the U.S. was recently order. reported in the syndicated newspaper col­ MONSIGNOR HAMMERL'S 30 YEARS I have been an original sponsor of umn of Gus Tyler, assistant president of OF SERVICE relative legislation. Should the United the International Ladies Garment Workers States resume the importation of Rhode­ Union. sian chrome, we would not only violate The owner of this factory held 54 small U.N. sanction, but we would set the tone children in captivity, forcing them to 'run HON. JOHN J. LaFALCE OF NEW YORK for future violations of international law sewing machines. Their average age was 12; by a major world power. 42 were girls; the youngest was nine. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES "To maintain good work habits. the chil­ Those who oppose this bill state that dren were beaten . . . The children were Thursday, September 25, 1975 as a U.S. policy of national security, we promised $10 a month ... Many were sold Mr. LAFALCE. Mr. Speaker, today I should not base our needs on a long term outright by their parents for $25. would like to honor one of the foremost supply from the Soviet Union. It is ob­ "That's how mUlions of blouses, skirts, educational and civil leaders of the west­ vious that since the embargo came into dresses, shoes, pants, toys, novelties are made effect, we have imported more chrome in Southeast Asia. Few of these items will be ern New York region. This year Msgr. sold to natives: They can't a1ford ·them .. Leo E. Hammer! completed 30 years of from the Soviet Union than ever before. The products are sold overseas--especially to service to the parochial schools through­ However, due to Russia's dependence on afiluent America." out Buffalo, N.Y. His enlightened guid­ certain U.S. products and resources, it Conditions in other low-wage nations of ance and faith as evidenced over this era seems highly improbable that our im­ the world are comparable-and sometimes has won him the respect, admiration, portation of chrome ore would not be even worse. and affection of thousands of Buffa­ cut off at a future date. In Liberia, according to a recent article lonians. Another aspect of this issue in the area in the ~IO Free Trade Union News, of "Every attempt . to organize workers (em­ Over the 30 year period, Monsignor international political affairs ad­ ployed by the Firestone Co.) by the trade Hammer! made significant contributions dresses itself to the impact this measure union central organization has ended in to the upgrading of Buffalo's exceptional would have on other countries located in arrests and jail sentences." Prevailing wages parochial school system. He served for 16 Africa. As a matter of record, we do im­ are 12 cents an hour !or sklllec:l workers. "I years as associate superintendent of port many essential products from var- was informed," writes Ben Sharman, the catholic schools of the Diocese of Buf­ ious nations. We are faced with the ques­ author of the article, "that the workers on falo. and continued his work for another tion of jeopardizing U.S. relations with 3037~ EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 25, 1975 others over supplies of Rhodesian Red Smith may call them "commies." But Since an early story appeared in the chrome. the Revolutionary Union and the newly ar­ Nation's newspapers, the effect of this rived California-based October League aren't I am confident that my fellow col­ garden variety Communists who are now "home defense" section has been clari­ leagues in the House will lend their sup­ serving the Soviet Union inside the U.S.A. fied. port to this measure. We cannot afford The Maoist American youth are . the types It now appears that the "home de­ to risk the serious moral and political I've encountered in Calcutta. (India) and Co­ fense" section of S. 1 and H.R. 33 applies effects of violating U.N. sanctions and it lombo, Sri Lanka (Ceylon). only to Federal property, such as na­ is imperative that we defend the U.S. They're the American counterparts of the tional parks and military posts: This sec­ principle of respect for human rights Marxist-Leninist bands now rampant in Eu­ tion has nothing to do with privately and dignity. rope. They think of the Communist Party, owned property like homes and apart­ U.S.A., and its current Chicago convention festival and meetings as no more radical than ments. Those come under State law. a Girl Scout cookie jamboree. In my judgment, the "home defense" There is, for example, the virtually un­ section of these bills-even though lim­ · MAOIST SUBVERSIVES IN U.S. known new Oc:tobeT League. It has a national ited to Federal property-is unwise and FACTORmS leader, a countrywide executive committee, should be deleted. I feel an individual district organizers, factory cells and cadres. should be able to protect himself or her­ HON. LARRY McDONALD And a tough, disciplinary manual as the self against an intruding night-time basis for creating "living schools for Marx­ prowler without having to fulfill unreal­ OF GEORGIA ism." It calls for factory organization in istic guidelines or measure up to some IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES depth-the peoples' "fortress." And for each O.L. member to fortify his or her home. arbitrary standard of conduct. Thursday, September 25, 1975 "A shotgun is the recommended weapon While it is hoped that the dweller will Mr. McDONALD of Georgia . . Mr. because they are the least regulated, most use the least possible force necessary to Speaker, in the early sixties many of our difficult to deal with ballistically and easiest defend person and property, such an in­ to fire and maintain," says the manual. dividual should be given wide discretion news people and commentators used to And "every member, or at least every speak of some of the new radical groups household, must have a reliable firearm and in the selection, application, and end re· in very condescending tones, and sort of an ample quantity of ammunition." suit of such force. pooh poohed them. Now some of the There is much revolutionary rhetoric and these children of the sixties are grown study. Sounds like gobbledygook to the lay­ up and engaging in real revolutionary man. But to the specialist it is all sliced in razor-like organization directives. Mostly in­ CRIMINAL JUSTICE REFORM ACT activities. side "the factory." All about what the overt OF 1975 One of · these groups are the young comrades can do. How they are expendable. Maoists and many firms, both labor and How, if arrested, they can easily be replaced management, have found to their sorrow by the covert units. HON. HERMAN BADILLO that this group is dangerous. Victor Rie­ They talk of "Bolshevik methods of orga­ OF NEW YORK nization." They run tiny seminars on Len­ sel wrote a very illuminating article on IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES this group which appeared in Human in's writings to comrades. And on Marx. Of course the October League, the Rev­ Thursday, September 25, 1975 Events on July 26, 1975. The article fol­ olutionary Union, the Sparks and all the rest lows: are only handfuls of young men and women. Mr. BADILLO. Mr. Speaker, I would MAOIST SUBVERSIVES IN U .S . FACTORIES But they move swiftly and a.rrogantly. Few like to insert into the CONGRESSIONAL (By Victor Riesel) big union gatherings, and now few corpo­ RECORD an excellent editorial published At first you check and recheck to make rate boards of directors meetings are un­ in the Los Angeles Times on Monday, certain the revolutionary "literature," news­ guarded. September 15, 1975. The editorial dis­ papers, pamphlets, leaflets and tracts aren't Much care, for example, is being taken by cusses S. 1, the Criminal Justice Re­ the national AFL-CIO to protect the din­ dated Shanghai, 1926-27. Or that the self­ ners being planned for the Nobel Prize-win­ form Act of 1975. I concur with this avowed insurrectionary agit-props (writers) ning author and Soviet dissident Alexander analysis of the legislation and would like aren't Mao, Chou En-lai or Chu-teh. Or per­ Solzhenitsyn, who was expelled from Russia to encourage my colleagues on the Sen­ haps V. I. Lenin himself on "Make Every by the KGB, though some 2,000 are expected ate Committee on the Judiciary to Factory a Fortress." at the testimonial banquets here and in New abandon their efforts to report out such Then comes the impact. The "literature" York. is up to the minute. It is being printed in a faulty piece of legislation. The grow­ It is difficult to describe the intensity of ing opinion of civil rights advocates and the U.S. these days by Maoist revolutionary the new Maoist groups. They aren't of work­ cells, cadres, leagues and tiny parties dotting ing family origin, most of them. They're the legal community is that the bill goes the nation. Georgia as well as Michigan. semi-sk1lled intellectuals. But disciplined. too far and is now unamendable. I hope And they're tough. They invade union Willing to invade any mass meeting. They other Members of Congress will heed meetings. They attempt to get to chief exec­ meteorize. They sputter and flutter away. the advice given in the following edi­ utiv.es of some America's major corpora­ But they've disrupted rallies. They've s·eized torial. tions-in Pennsylvania as well as New York factories. They've invaded legislative sessions. The·editorial follows: and California. They're what the old conspiratorial, espi­ Some are under cadre orders to have de­ onage-oriented Communist movement was at PuTTING FREEDOM AGAINST THE WALL pendable arms in their homes. Shotguns pre­ the beginning. The CPUSA is an old, faded Legislation now pending in Congress to ferred. Some carry knives, guns, chains, banner now. But before its color drained off, revise the federal criminal code should be blackjacks. Some just their gut and nerve. it created havoc. History ma.y repeat itself. junked. Their "literature" reads as though they Senate Blll 1, a massive and complicated were preparing for the "long march" from measure 753 pages long, is so pervasively Los Angeles into the Sierra Madre. Or from and fatally flawed that it lies beyond the Pittsburgh into the Rockies. As did Mao from scope of any rational amending process. Canton to Yenan back in the '20s. HOME DEFENSE SECTION HAS BEEN Known as the Criminal Justice Reform No comic opera this. They're serious, these CLARIFIED Act of 1975, the bill, and companion legis­ young Maoists. So much so that Floyd (Red) lation in the House, purports to standard­ Smith is seeing red. He's president of the ize federal criminal law. It does that to an 900,000-member International Association of HON. ROMANO L. MAZZOLI extent--but far more. It proposes revolution­ Machinists (AFL-CIO). Its meetings have OF KENTUCKY ary change that would vastly enhance the been invaded. And he has dispatched word IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES power of government and sharply decrease to the !AM's hundreds of lodges that "the the freedom of the American people. best way to meet commie-inspired, bully-boy Thursday, September 25, 1975 Federal law is a hodgepodge of discrep­ tactics is with physical defense." Mark this Mr. MAZZOLI. Mr. Speaker, the pro­ ancies that need revision and codification. now. Greatest concentration of machinists posed Federal Criminal Code reform­ That was the purpose of the National Com­ members are in the aeTospace and heavy ma­ mission on Reform of Criminal Laws ap­ chinery plants. S. 1 and H.R. 33-has aroused the ire of pointed in 1966, with former Gov. Edmund The American Maoist cadre tactics have so many of my constituents because it seems G. Brown as chairman. After five years of angered labor leaders they refer to the revo­ to make the use of deadly force by a study, the commission presented its report lutionaries as "crazies." But the self-styled homeowner against a night-time prowler to President Nixon and Congress in 1971. Maoists aren't mad-they're cold, frequently a Federal crime. My mail on this issue In the next two years, the bipartisan violence-prone organizers. has been veryheayy. commission's effort was undercut. The three September 25, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 30378 Senate members of the commission, often property, facility or service "that is or might benefited greatly from the work of Bob dissenting from its recommendations, em­ be used" in the national defense of this John. I know I speak for the entire House bodied their views in a bill (S 1) introduced country or "an associate nation." in 1973. They were John L. McClellan (D­ Permit entrapment by government agents, in extending him congratulations and Ark.), Roman L. Hruska (R-Neb.) and Sam and place the burden on a defendant to best wishes on his 40th anniversary as a J. Ervin Jr. (D-N.C.). Even this did not sat­ prove he was "not predisposed" to commit newspaper reporter. isfy Nixon, who had the Brown commission the crime. report thoroughly revised and presented as Broaden the conspiracy law by eliminating the administration-backed Criminal Code the requirement of proof of an "overt act"; Reform Act of 1973 (S 1400). McClellan and substituted is "any conduct" that shows in­ VIEWS ON THE FEDERAL INSECTI­ Hruska held hearings to consolidate both tent to effect a criminal agreement. CIDE, FUNGICIDE, AND RODENTI­ bills, and what emerged was the present leg­ Reaffirm limited "use" immunity in crimi­ CIDE ACT, AS AMENDED islation, which far exceeds the goal of the nal proceedings and congressional hearings­ Brown commission. a procedure that weakens the Fifth Amend­ The American Bar Assn. house of delegates ment protections against self-incrimination. HON. GEORGE E. BROWN, JR. recognized this last mon1lh by voting nearly These provisions do not by any means ex­ unanimously that codification should not go haust the list; worse, the legislation is OF CALIFORNIA beyond present law. And the board of gover­ marked throughout by a chronic vagueness IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES nors of the Society of American Law Teachers of definition that would insure decades of Thursday, September 25, 1975 concluded recently that "the bill is so riddled battles in the courts. with defects" that it is doubtful whether it Whatever this bill is, it is not simply an Mr. BROWN of California. Mr. is "amenable to piecemeal improvements." effort to pull together and rationalize exist­ Speaker, I intend to offer an amend­ Its most drastic provisions would virtually ing federal law. It is, rather, a reflection of an ment to the Federal Insecticide, Fungi­ give ownership to the government of all pub­ authoritarian view of the way government cide, and Rodenticide Act, when it comes lic information. The legislation would ac­ should !unction, and a radical departure complish this by creating a new felony: un­ from the letter and spirit of the Constitu­ before the House. There has been a great authorized disclosure of "classified" official tion. deal of controversy, regarding various data. With some 15,000 government employes In this bicentennial year, Congress could provisions in the bill, as reported by the authorized to classify documents, this pro­ honor the founding fathers in no more effec­ Agriculture Committee, because some vision, with its severe penalties, would per­ tive way than by throwing out this legisla­ members within the Agriculture Com­ mit the government to engage in unprece­ tion in its entirety. mittee, and within the entire House, are dented suppression of information. understandably concerned with the ef­ The sections dealing With "national de­ fense information" would make government fects of EPA restrictions, suspensions, and cancellations of certain pesticides employes and news reporters vulnerable to A TRffiUTE TO BOB JOHN prosecution that would be limited only by on the farming community. It is true the imagination of the prosecutor. that the 1972 amendments to FIFRA One section would make it a crime to col­ legislated a thorough program for certi­ lect or communicate "national defense in­ HON. JOHN P. MURTHA fying all commercial and private ap­ formation" with the "knowledge that it may OF PENNSYLVANIA plicators within each State and gave be used to the advantage of a foreign pow­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES EPA the expressed authority to restrict er ..."Is there any information, defined as a or recall any pesticide that poses an im­ prosecutor may want to define it, that could Thursday, September 25, 1975 not be "used" by a foreign power or would minent hazard to the environment and not be related in some way to national Mr. MURTHA. Mr. Speaker, it has the health of our people. defense? come to my attention that a very impor­ Since 1972, EPA has moved in these Government employes who revealed infor­ tant milestone has been marked by one directions. States, as directed by section mation and reporters who received and pub­ of my constituents-Mr. Robert John 4(a) (2) of the 1972 amendments to lished it .would be liable under the law. Only this week celebrated his 40th year as a FIFRA, have formulated plans to handle the official version of events would be avail­ newspaperman, and his 40th year with able to the public. The government would be the certification of all applicators of re­ able to operate behind a screen of secrecy. the Johnstown Tribune Democrat. stricted pesticides, both private and This attempt to scuttle the First Amend­ In the years that I have known Bob commercial. Two States have had their ment is the most dangerous aspect of S 1, and John, I have found him to be an ex­ plans approved by EPA, 21 States have naturally has drawn the most· fire from the tremely fair and conscientious newsman. submitted plans for review and approval, press. As a result, some modifications of Possibly the finest thing I can say about and the other States are in various stages sections relating to control of government his professionalism is that although I 'of the planning procedure_ information may be accepted by the bill's consider him my personal friend, his re­ These plans were required because, sponsors. Even so, the legislation should be rejected, because freedom is not a com­ porting of me and my activities has al­ after long and arduous consideration by modity to be parceled out in varying degrees ways been objective and informative. the House and Senate in 1972, it was to the American people, and S 1 contains a That to me is one mark of a first-rate accepted that the overuse, misuse, and long array of hazards to a free society. The journalist. lack of understanding of the dangers of bill would: I should also add that Bob has been the most toxic pesticides were causing Protect federal officials from criminal pros­ active in many community affairs and the spread of serious illnesses in our ecution for illegal acts as long as they be­ civic interest activities. Most notable of farming communities, and, in extreme lieved "the conduct charged was required these has been his great accomplish­ cases, death. It was also ascertained that or authorized by law"; this clause, dubbed the "Watergate defense," would provide a ments in directing the Route 219 Associ­ many States had little if no plan for rationale for almost any kind of abuse of ation as a member and currently as pres­ certifying commercial appJicators, there­ authority. ident of the group. Joining with citizen by not checking their ability to apply Reaffirm authorization of domestic wire­ groups from New York and West Vir­ poisonous pesticides as safely as possible. tapping for 48 hours Without court order and ginia, this group is working hard to im­ In addition, proof was given that demon­ require landlords and companies to coope­ prove the central part of Pennsylvania strated the deleterious effects such toxic rate "forthwith" and "unobtrusively" with and bring new economic prosperity to pesticides were having on the quality government agents. Impose restrictions on demonstrations by the area. of our soil, our air, our water, and the . making the picketing of government build­ While it is an oft-repeated quote, I health of many of our animals. ·some­ ings illegal; also illegal would be interstate would like to repeat Thomas Jefferson's thing had to be done-and the 1972 travel to assemble 10 or more persons who view of the press: amendments to FIFRA were the reason­ "create a grave danger of imminently caus­ The basis of our government being the able answer to these serious problems. ing" damage to property. opinion of the people, the very first object Now that FIFRA is up for extension Outlaw demonstrations that would take should be to keep that right; and were it once again, some Members feel that place adjacent to wherever authorities say left to me to (leclde whether we should have EPA's regulations and restrictions have is the "temporary residence" of a President. a. government without newspapers, or news­ Revive in part the Smith Act by making it been too stringent; that our farmers papers without a government, I should not should not have to -prove their under­ a crime to incite others to engage in conduct hesitate a moment to prefer the latter. that then or at some future time would fa­ standing of pesticide dangers and the cilitate the destruction of the government. I would add that our newspapers are as methods of correct application. I must Define sabotage broadly as activity that good as our journalists. In the case of respond to this view, for I strongly be­ "damages" or "tampers with" almost any Johnstown, this means our citizens have lieve that these regulations serve as a 3037ki EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 25, 1975 protection for those farmers, those fam­ RATE YOUR CANDIDATE men's friend for their position on gun own­ ilies, and those farmworkers who are in ership. Some readers, however, were carried constant contact with these toxic pesti­ away. A sporting goods dealer in Kansas is­ cides. EPA has gone to great lengths to HON. PAUL N. McCLOSKEY, JR. sued an irate bulletin: "Those advertisers OF CALIFORNIA who do not wish to promote the anti-gun lighten the burden of certification of position should refrain from advertising in these private applicators as much as is IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Field & Stream. We dealers should refrain prudently possible-but the line between Thursday, September 25, 1975 from selling the products of those who do health and sickness, between clean and advertise in Field & Stream." From a friend polluted water, food, and air, must be Mr. McCLOSKEY. Mr. Speaker, I am in the industry I received this admonition: drawn. In my opinion, the seriousness pleased to submit here a second portion "Stick to conservation, Mike-not contro­ of the hazards involved if pesticides are of an excellent article by former Field versy." and Stream editorial writer, Michael Then there were the complaints from con­ misused is not to be trifled with or we gressmen. The low-ra-ted vented their wrath will be shirking our responsibility for Frome. The article appeared in the I upon the publisher, the editor, C.B.S., the protecting the public health. July August 1975 issue of the Center advertisers, in letters and through the press. If the Agriculture Committee bill ex­ magazine: I was called on' to write endless letters to tending the authorization of FIFRA Early in 1972, I discussed with Mr. Con­ congressmen, explaining our project, both with amendments, is accepted in its ley, then editor of Field and Stream, plans in general and on specific questions. present form, we will be approving a for a new Rate Your Candidate feature. I None seemed more upset than Representa­ proposed this time to rate every member of tive Bob Sikes, of Florida. On September 25, system by which all private applicators Congress and I asked for a special assist­ 1972, he attacked Field & Stream on the floor can sign a form that says they are certi­ ant. Mr. Conley approved and I hired GaU of the House. He said the rating contained fied applicators of restricted pesticides. Hayes, a brilliant young woman who had so many surprises that it had become the No training, no tests, are required. This been with Environmental Action and the subject of much comment around the Cap­ will not provide us with the information Highway Action Coalition. We decided to itol-"llttle of it favorable." He criticized the we need, nor the assurance that private tackle the tough ones and to ignore the selection of issues, including the supersonic applicators are competent in their meth­ consensus votes, though it is difficult to pin transport, ("It is hard to understand how a down clear-cut definitions through legisla­ vote for or against the S.S.T. affects conser­ ods of handling pesticides. We will lose tion. Congressmen tend to obscure their vation and the sportsmen's interests in Amer­ and the private applicators will lose, be­ tracks. Through amendment and emascula­ ica."); Oannikin, the Aleutian Islands atomic cause, though I am sure many farmers tion the soundest legislation is apt to lose test; the Reuss water pollution amendment; are aware of pesticide dangers and apply its meaning by the time it goes through and the confirmation of Earl Butz as Sec­ those pesticides correctly, the law is the mtll. But we tried. And this time we retary of Agriculture. Then he concluded: aimed at those who do not understand sent a questionnaire to every members of "Let us be charitable and say Field & the hazards involved. Congress inviting them to tell us about Stream used poor judgment. I am reluctant their environmental policies and perform­ to say they do not know any better. Congress­ In addition, H.R. 8841, as reported by ance. Almost three hundred replies were re­ men are accustomed to harsh treatment from the Agriculture Committee, sets up a sys­ ceived from members of both houses. 'experts' who pre-empt for themselves the tem of consultation with the USDA Rate Your Ca.ndidate covered eighrt pages exclusive right to judge performance. It is which, to quote the committee report in the September 1972, issue. Ratings covered not new for us to be rated by handicappers accompanying FIFRA, "assures that EPA a spread from Excellent to Very Good, Good, who measure our work against their views takes cognizance of the effect of its ac­ Fair, and Marginal, to Poor and Very Poor. and not in light of the interests of the public. tions on the agricultural economy at vir­ Representative Wayne Aspinall, of Colorado, Fortunately, campaigns are decided by sepa­ the powerful, crusty chairman of the House rate constituencies who consider the issues tually every step in the decisionmaking Interior Committee, was listed as follows: in their entirety and who are not bound by process". This system will hinder EPA's "In a class by himself-the man who must the one-sided views of the handicappers. ability to move quickly in the face of go." Alan Merson, Mr. Aspinall's primary "After all, Congress has been around much emergencies and is an excessive, time­ opponent, at once ordered ten thousand longer than Field & Stream or C.B.S." consuming, unnecessary burden on their reprints; he said later that our pungent By this time, alas, Mr. Conley was no1onger regulatory process. EPA has already es­ classification was the most decisive factor on the scene. First, Mr. Forsberg had retired tablished a Pesticide Policy Advisory in his victory. (Unfortunately, he was de­ and had been replaced as publisher by a. Committee that includes members of the feated in the general election) . former advertising executive, Michael J. Readers responded warmly and gratefully; O'Nelll. Mr. Conley had been deeply con­ farming community, the pesticide indus­ they simply had not known the facts before. cerned about possible editorial interference try, the general public, and the environ­ One reader in Virginia, noting that a dispro­ and about slickness creeping into the maga­ mental groups. Such a committee will portionate number of the "Poor"-rated con­ zine. He had clashed with the new publisher assure the consideration by EPA of the gressmen came from the Southeast, im­ and had been dismissed. views of all those affected by pesticide plored: "Put a little heat on Dixie; we've got The new editor, Jack Samson, had been on regulations. There is no need to add to sportsmen down here as well as moonshiners. the staff for about two years as managing this, in my opinion, and a greater bureau­ Prod us up a little. From our legislators' editor. We had good rapport; he gave reason cratic structure-which will result from records, we could use it." District No. 2 of to hope the crusading days would continue. the Idaho Wildlife Federation issued a bul­ For one thing, Mr. Samson wrote to critics the USDA consultation provision-will letin urging all its members to read our defending the magazine's tough environ­ lead to greater inefficiency. September issue: "With the tool Mr. Frome mentalline, warning that without protecting My amendment, therefore, is a simple has given us we may be able to curtail some the woods and clear streams from the ravages extension of the Federal Insecticide of the farces being foisted upon us and be of strip mining, clear-cut logging, and the Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act's author~ much more effective in reaching our ob­ like, there would be no place remaining for ization for 1 year with a funding jectives." hunter and fisherman to enjoy their sports. level of $33,821,000. The difference in There was plenty of criticism, too, prin­ And I felt I had his support during the cipally on the gun-control issue. Some read­ Rate Your Candidate flap. funding from the committee's level of ers were upset about the high ratings given This was evident in a number of communi­ $47,868,000, an amount of $14,047,000 is to senators favoring registration. As one cations he sent me. One was a tear sheet from that amount of EPA's research and de­ wrote: "Of the seven senators up for reelec­ Business Week (September 23, 1972) headed velopment funding under FIFRA, which tion this year rated 'good' to 'excellent' by "How the Ecologists Defeated Aspinall," with has already been authorized to be appro­ Mr. Frome, five of the seven have consis­ reference to Field & Stream's role. It bore a priated under the bill, H.R. 7108. This tently supported anti-gun legislation, in­ handwritten notation, "Great! Jack." Then b111 has passed the House and is now cluding national registration and licensing there were letters from congressmen and pending in the Senate. I see no need for (Case, Pen, Percy, Brooke, and Mondale). others sent to me for response, with such Thirteen of the fifteen rated 'inadequate' written comments as: "Mike, you could have a double authorization of EPA's FIFRA to 'very poor' have consistently opposed such fun with this guy." "Mike, have fun. Best, research and development funding and legislation, and certainly deserve some rec­ Jack." "Mike, here's another missile for you. so have simply deleted this amount from ognition in this regard." How's the old arm holding out?" There was the amendment I intend to offer. I suppose in a sportsman's magazine the a sharp letter from Warren Page, president I urge my colleagues to maintain the opponents o! gun control deserve recognition, of the National Shooting Sports Foundation, 1972 intent of Congress, which was the which they did receive in separate editorials. demanding: "Doesn't Frome know that the result of long and thoughtful considera­ But we tried to separate the environment majority of these gentlemen have either au­ and gun-control questions. It has always thored restrictive gun b1lls of the worst sort tion, and support a simple extension to seemed lamentable to me that some of the or have stumped for badly designed restric­ the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and worst political opponents of wildlife habitat tions which must have the eventual effect of Rodenticide Act. should be allowed to wear the label of sports- eliminating those excise tax and hunting September 25, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 30375 license funds which have contributed roughly ran into Mike Frome. I agree he is one of vinces me that my friends of the Forest two billion bucks to modern conservation?" the best conservation editors around. Noth­ Service have found a new package for the Mr. Samson wrote across the top, "Mike, may­ ing was amiss about his June column not old sales pitch. What they really want to be you could try an answer to Warren. I tried running. It was just a priority matter and generate is not public involvement in de­ last time and it didn't work." I think we have our priorities ironed out." cision-making but public support for in­ Then, following the 1972 election, he wrote However, in the publlcation of my column creased appropriations to cut more trees, this encouraging word: "You are an excellent for the July, 1973, issue, dealing with the build more roads, spread more chemical pot­ conservation editor and we sure as hell will unhappy state of our national forests, I sons, graze more livestock. The draft En­ continue to back you, as we have done during found key expressions deleted and the art­ vironmental Program supposedly represents the past few months of heated controversy icle cut abruply. The reader was left hang­ the basis of ·furnishing public input, but over politics," Could any writer ask more? ing the midst of the adventure on Admirality page after page is filled with the most sug­ The first sign of a breakup came in 1973. Island, Alaska. The following three para­ gestive comments on why the low-level al­ Following up on confidential reports, I went graphs were omitted: ternative will not do, and why the high­ to New Mexico to investigate questionable "I fear for the future of the eagles in level alternative wm best meet 'national pro­ land transactions conducted at the state of­ Southeast Alaska.. The Forest Service doesn't duction goals for 1984.' Almost as an after­ fice of the Bureau of Land Management, an have enough people to inspect logging shows, thought, hunters and fishermen are prom­ Interior Department agency that administers nor people sufficiently qualified to observe ised greater access, but in many cases there millions of acres of domain throughout the damage to habitat, whether of eagles or is too much access already for the game and West. Staff personnel were deeply disturbed. other wild species, nor people with enough the true sportsman." (but fearful of speaking openly) about many courage to speak out. Insofar as Admiralty This column was never published. Within a areas of land being transferred to private goes, the country is allowing a timber-orient­ week after I had sent it to the office in New ownership. Land studies by the agency were ed agency to manage one of the finest wild­ York I received my letter of dismissal. (My inadequately performed and records sca.ntily life areas on this continent. wife, who opens and sorts my mail, said, kept; exchanges were being conducted with­ "I have dwelt on Alaska because the Forest "Have a double Scotch before you read this out public review. Service there has made timber sales of im­ one." And the time was only 10:00 a.m.). It I had pursued other B.L.M. land problems mense proportion, committing the public was marked "Personal and Confidential"­ in Arizona, Wyoming, and Idaho and had resource to single use over long periods of presumably Mr. Samson expected that I found the public estate being divested of time. The errors are plainly eviden~. They would keep my discharge a. secret and that choice acreage without, shall we say, prior point up a basic deficiency prevalent through it would all blow away. This attitude sub­ full disclosure of value to be lost. Some of out the National Forest System. Two years sequently characterized his and C.B.S.'s re­ these cases became known through confiden­ ago, the Forest service published a study sponse to inquiries; they simply did not want tial warnings, which may be the most fright­ of siX national forests in the West, called to talk about it. Mr. Samson's letter gave no ening aspect of all; why should whispers be the Stratification Reports. It revealed that real reason. "We contemplate handling our necessary when the Interior Department is land classified 'available for commercial log­ conservation department in a slightly dif­ charged with protection of public interest, ging' had been overestimated by an average ferent manner. This will not only require a not the promotion of profiteering private of twenty-two per cent. These figures may modification in the editorial approach," he interest? even be modest. Severe overcutting is wide­ wrote, "but will mean a change in editorial In New Mexico I learned that a prominent spread. personnel." real estate outfit, the Crowder Investment · "A tragedy of awesome consequences is at hand. Secretary Earl Butz should be replaced Thus my relationship with Field & Stream Company, had completed a series of major by someone with environmental concern. came to an end. However, no one, I daresay, land exchanges with BL.M., obtaining title The Chief of the Forest Service should either could have foreseen the trend of things that to more than half a million acres of federal exercise some muscle and leadership or quit. followed. land. Two key ·areas--one adjacent to El Paoo Without basic change in direction, genera­ I notified one person, Joe Stephens, a close and another midway between Alberquerque tions still unborn will be required to pay in friend and ardent environmentalist of Alex­ and Santa Fe--held high real estate poten­ depleted resources for the exploitation of andria., Virginia., and the dominoes fell. He tial. Additional cases were pending even our publlc forests which this Administration in turn advised the national conservation or­ while I was in New Mexico. (Moreover, in has decreed. Sportsmen and all other citizen ganizations in Washington, D.C., across the March, 1973, Secretary of the Interior Rogers conservationists must demand a reversal Potomac. Marion Edey, spark plug of the c. B. Morton appointed Willard Lewis, a bus­ in this fearful course." League of Conservation Voters, was incensed; iness consultant associated with the Crow­ In the course of the next several months she urged a picketing action before the Wash­ der Investment Company, as the Depart­ the space for my column was cut and my ington headquarters of C.B.S. And in a few ment's Southwest field representative.) secretarial allowance eliminated, but these days fifty citizens produced a highly unusual I learned further that a powerful political steps were explained as resulting from a happening, even for Washington, toting post­ figure, Tom Bolack, had entered applications drop in advertising revenue and economy ers with such slogans as "Fairfax Loves Mike to B.L.M. for purchase of ten tracts, averag­ measures dictated by C.B.S. In addition, I Frome" (carried by a member of the Board ing about 750 acres each, in the northwest was instructed to write in generalities with­ of Supervisors of my own county); "Friends part of the state. He had held meetings in out naming names. Mr. samson scrapped of the Earth Love Mike"; "C.B.S.-censored Washington with political officials including plans for a Rate Your Candidate feature. In Broadcasting System"; and "Does C.B.S. Curt Berklund, Deputy Assistant Secretary a memo to me he wrote: "I feel this is defi­ Front for Polluters?" Almost concurrently a of the Interior, who later became director of nitely not the year of the environmentalist. dozen national organizations directed state­ the B:L.M., seeking to obtain approval for The energy crisis has caused a backlash ments of protest to Wllliam S. Paley, board these applications without following estab­ which I don't want to subject Field & Stream chairman of C.B.S. So did several members of lished B.L.M. procedures. Staff professionals, to at this time." Still, on April 9, 1974, he Congress; Representative Guy Vander Jagt, of however, had recommended that at least congratulated me warmly on being nominat­ Michigan, went so far as to issue a news re­ three tracts in the :flood plain of the San ed for the board of the Outdoor Writers As­ lease endorsing the picketing. Juan River be retained in publlc ownership to sociation of America and gave approval to Soon the media. coverage began. Jeff protect wildlife values and public access. The attend meetings on the expense account. Stansbury and Ed Flattau, columnists for the Navajo tribe, owner of adjacent land to the In late September, 1974, I submitted my Los Angeles Times syndicate, reported on ask­ south, termed Mr. Bolack's approach "a direct column for the December issue, dealing with ing Mr. Samson why he ha.d let me go. He attempt to circumvent the federal pollcles the Forest Service's new Environmental Pro­ declined to respond, declaring, "We don't and law with respect to land within the pub­ gram for the Future, which struck me as want to wash our linen in public. It was lic domain." nothing more than a scheme of accelerated strictly an editorial decision." So he wrote in­ I wrote a report on my findings for pub­ exploitation of forest resources. So, I wrote quiring readers as well, with a statement th.at llcation as my regular column in the June, as follows: "Mr. Frome's removal concerns only him and 1973, issue. That never appeared. Nor did "The document, I fear, does not fulfill the Field & Stream." This was a curious posture I receive any valid explanation. It was my for someone in the public arena to assume first taste of censorship. I tried to attribute promise. The emphasis in the text is not on sustaining land health over the long run, but on an issue of public concern. it to the fact that Mr. Samson had lived Mr. Paley's replies likewise dismissed in­ and worked in New Mexico for a number of on gaining maximum production of com­ quiry and protest. He wrote that he ha.d years, and so I hoped it would be my last modities over the short run, without funda­ mental concern for the future. Three levels looked into the decision. He had determined taste of censorship. In June, while travellng that I was not a full-time employee of Field of operation are offered to the public: low, in Montana, I met Ted Trueblood, a long­ & Stream but "did submit articles to our time Field & Stream associate editor and moderate, and high. However, the low level senior editors for publlcation''-when, in fact, columnist. He shared my concern and sub­ of timber cutting, 16.4 billion board feet, is over a course of six and a half years I con­ sequently sent a letter of inquiry to Mr. just a shade below the moderate level and tributed seventy-five monthly columns and a Samson. "I consider Mike Frome an asset not much below the high (of 20 blllton board dozen major articles in this magazine, and to Field & Stream and the best writer in the feet). There is no choice of indicating that was given business cuds and stationery by conservation field." wrote Mr. Trueblood. toda.y's cutting 1s already too high, that for­ his organization. He said Field & Stream was ..I have a number of friends who read his esters should revert to a sensible dimension now going to engage a full-time conservation column first-even ahead of Zern or me!" in order to insure perpetual yield. . . . editor, when this was not to be the case at all. On July 3, Mr. Samson replied: "Gla.d you "Reading this document carefully con- Such is the insensitive blight of bigness, CXXI--1914-Pa-rt 24 30376 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 25, 1975 whether in government, indus·try, media, or Metallurgical Engineering was the second every issue, but they do want 8JSSurance that enemies in big business, the gun lobby, and academic program begun at Michigan Tech na.tiOIIllallea.ders of good will and common ob­ bureaucracy render review or reversal of and the department will enter its 50th year jectives are working together to advance the course extremely difficult. during the 1975-76 academic year. For much national interest. It is at this point that the Time magazine apparently also had diffi­ of this time the department has been the failure of the Congress 1s most disappoint­ culty in getting C.B.S. or Field and Stream largest in the U.S. The 40 to 70 metallurgical ing. spokesmen to open up, though Mr. Samson engineering degrees granted per year at Tech Americams perceive that the national spoke enough to denigrate my competency. usually account for 7 to 10 percent of the lea.dership is divided, fa-actious, and overly Nevertheless, in its issue of November 4, 1974, national total. political, and they don't like it. Fears of a Time said I had been fired because I made veto-proof Congress and talk of Congres­ enemies in big business, the gun lobby. and sional government, both current only a fe.w on Capitol Hill. The last two paragraphs of months ago, have faded, but they have fo­ its feature read as follows: THE RECORD OF THE 94TH cused attention on the oonltrontation be­ "Rhode Island Senator John Pastore was tween the President and the Congress. The cited [in our Rate Your Candidate feature] CONGRESS mood of the people, as I perceive it, is for as 'marginal'-a particular concern to C.B.S. compromise and cooperation, not for a Pastore chairs the Subcommittee on Com­ smashing victory by the President or the munications, with jurisdiction over broad­ HON. LEE H. HAMILTON Congress on major policy issues. People see casting regulations. His committee hearings OF INDIANA too much public postlll'ling by both the Con-­ are often an ordeal for the networks, and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES gress and the President and not enough hwrd broadcast executives are always fea.rful of re­ Thursday, September 25, 1975 negotiation to develop policy. They see too strictive legislation. Clare Dean Conley, then many fights over vetoes, too much disagree­ Stream's editor, recalls: 'We got vibes from Mr. HAMll..TON. Mr. Speaker, under ment of critical foreign policy concerns, such C.B.S. that they didn't want trouble with leave to extend my remarks in the as on aid to Turkey, and, perhaps most 'im­ Pastore.' The wOTd was 'Do what you have to RECORD, I include my Washington Report portantly, they see a failure to come up with do, but take it easy.' entitled "The Record of the 94th Con­ a comprehensive energy program. Presently Mr. Samson disclosed(} 6,.d ) 3 So, at mid-session, I do find the record of "That Frome refused to do, with the result gress": the 94th Congress to be satisfactory, but, on that he lost his biggest platform. Says Con­ THE RECORD OF THE 94TH CONGRESS the other ha.nd, the Congress probably does gressman Reuss: 'If Field & Stream has no The American people have a decidely low not enth'ely deserve its present low public place for Frome, then we have come to a time opinion of the 94th Congress. One recent poll esteem. True enough, its f·ailures involve de­ when the voice of conservation is, quite lit­ showed that only about 20% of those polled cidedly ddfficult subjects, such as energy, and erally, a voice crying in the wilderness.'" gave the Congress a positive rating and that not many institutions or leaders can really Presently Mr. Samson disclosed "the real almost 70% gave it a negative rating. measure up to the standards of inspired reason," fOT my dismissal: that I was anti­ In some respects, this judgment may be leadership. But even .making those allow­ hunting. Well, I had nevar thought of myself harsh. The 94th Congress, which is only one­ ances, I a.m. concerned that this Congress is as such and certainly had never submitted a third of the way through its two-year life­ not rea'lly responding to the challenges in a line of anti-hunting material to Field & span, has some significant accomplishments way which will ~ive hope to troubled Ameri­ Stream. But the editor explained his action to its credit. It terminated the American in­ cans. in a letter sent to a number of people: volvement in Indochina, rejected President If the 94th Congress can end the unneces~ "I personally fired him because--while I Ford's ill-timed tax increased proposal of last sary division over the conduct of foreign have no objection to anyone freely expressing fall, and decided that anti-recession measures policy, agree upon a tough, comprehensive an opinion in this great country-when should have top priority over other legisla­ energy policy, reach a workable accommoda­ someone writes anti-hunting material in an­ tion. tion with the President, and continue to other publication and also submits a monthly On the whole, the 94th Congress has­ handle its routine ta.sks efficiently---r World Peace Council's World Congress of pressed his, and his party's, overall view th~ Communist Party and as a member of Peace Forces in Moscow. of the role of SCLC and other institutions its National Committee, O'Dell was acting This spring he was an initiating of black society in the class war called for executive director for Rev. King's Southern sponsor of the Rally for Detente and by Marx. Christian Leadership Conference in the Southeastern states until June 1963. When World Peace held on May 13 under the On the eve of the Bicentennial, Good­ .. a. public controversy developed over O'Dell's auspices of CPUSA's National Council lett makes clear his hatred for all aspects CPUSA involvement, King transferred O'Dell of American-Soviet Friendship and the of our history on grounds of racism: to SOLO's New York omce, and after a con­ editors of the CPUSA publication, New Scratch this patriotic surface of Mother, tinuing public outcry, eventually dropped World Review. And in addition, spon­ Flag, Church and the Law and my country is him from the organization. sored the National Conference for a revealed as a racist society; from the genocide Drastic Cutback in Military Spending of the Red Man until this very hour, her so­ Other listed speakers included ReY. held in April in Chicago which was cial dynamics have been propelled by the Fred Tayloy, an SCLC director; Rev. organized by the CPUSA-run American myth and the evil of white supremacy. Edward Gardner, president of the Ala­ section of the World Peace Council. bama Christian Movement for Human Goodlett rejects the law and the courts Rights; Don Bollen of Winston-Sal.em, From May 15 to 22, of this year, Good­ to ever administer justice to a black-the lett led a 15-member delegation from acquittals of Joann Little and Angela N.C., southern organizer for the Umted the National Newspaper Publishers Electrical Workers-UE--a union long Davis notwithstanding: Association to Communist East Germany, Is it possible for a. black man, an outsider under CPUSA domination; and Jan during which Goodlett was awarded the Phillips of Louisville, Ky., formerly an in a. racist society, ever to use the instru­ Gold Peace Medal of the GDR's League ments of law (honed to protect the values organizer for the Service Employees of Friendship Among the Peoples by of white racial superiority 1n a. capitalist International Union and a SCEF staffer Albert Norden, Secretary of the Central society) to bring about the administration of forced out during the Maoist takeover. Committee of the Socialist Unity Party­ justice for the wretched and exploited of that The civil rights movement continues SED, the East German Communist society? to be a target for manipulation and ex­ Party-and a fellow member of the Twice Goodlett brings up allusions to ploitation by a broad range of Marxist­ World Peace Council Presidium. Leninist totalitarian groups, including the necessity for armed struggle in this The CPUSA press reported that "three country: the Communist Party. One such target black representatives of the U.S. Com­ remains the Southern Christian Leader­ mittee for Friendship with the GDR" The time is not far distant • • • when ship Conference-SCLC-which held its accompanied the NNPA delegation blacks will have to make that choice made in annual convention August 12-15, 1975, in headed by Goodlett. The three, all well­ 1842 by China which led to the Chinese Anniston, Ala. Among the main speakers known members of the Communist Party, Opium Wars • • • The Chinese lost that at that gathering were Rev. Ralph D. war, in quantitative terms, but they saved were Claude Lightfoot, a member of the the soul of China.. Can you not envision a Abernathy, SCLC president and member CPUSA Political and Central Commit­ of the Presidential Committee of the day When the black mothers wm rise in in­ tees; George B. Murphy, Jr., of the Afro­ dignation, and in all their wrath declare international Soviet-dominated World American newspaper chain; and septua­ Peace Council; and the other U.S. mem­ war on those insidious beasts in the white genarian' veteran reporter for the Daily society who prey upon their children, the ber of the World Peace Council's Presi­ World, Ted Bassett. hope of our tomorrow? dential Committee, Dr. Carlton B. Good­ The purpose of the trip was to organize lett. a propaganda campaign on behalf of the And again: My distinguished colleague from East German Communists in the U.S. Have you ever been disturbed by the fact Georgia (Mr. YouNG) placed Dr. Good­ Negro press, intended to present the that blacks in America. • • • have never de­ lett's speech to the SCLC convention into brutal East German regime-a regime veloped a. revolutionary class? Not only must the RECORD recently with the note that whose monstrous cruelty recently in­ we engage in persistent agitation, but Black it "deserves the attention of Congress cluded the drowning of a 10-year-old America. at this crucial hour • • • must and the Nation." I fully agree and wish Turkish boy who fell from a West Berlin find a. Black Ideology and a. Black Agenda.. to offer additional background so that embankment into a canal between East On the role of the black fraternities our colleagues may better place the and West Berlin and whose rescue was and other organizations of the "educated speech in context. prevented by force of arms by the East Dr. Carlton B. Goodlett, in addition black elite" Goodlett says: German Communist guards--as cham­ These organizations :are capable of amass­ to being an identified member of the pions of human rights. Communist Party, U.S.A., is the publish­ ing tremendous manpower and economic re­ Ted Bassett reported Carleton Good­ sources directed toward common programs er of the Sun Reporter and Metro Re­ lett's medal acceptance speech: and common causes. Their only need is an porter newspapers in California and is These tr.ips are dmporta.nt because • • • ideology as a. precursor to their development president of the National Newspaper the demands placed upon us by our mllita.nt of agendas in a. common struggle to rechar­ Publishers Association, "the organization youth make it necessary for us to touch ter the black experience. September 25, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 303~9 Of the revolutionary role Goodlett servers speculate that this transaction back and Jenkins arranged to meet him in would like the black churches to play, he may make Jenkins compare favorably New York. The FBI was not pleased. said: with Secretary Seward's purchase of "We don't know what you look like, and Christianity is a revolutionary religion. We Alaska or the adroit manueverings of we don't have time to give you protection," charge black churchmen to espouse the rev­ Armand Hammer. Jenkins said they told him. olutionary zeal of early Christianity, when John Jenkins is an entrepreneur of the But the FBI made it to the New York air­ the acts of the church reinforced the char­ first magnitude and simultaneously a de­ port all right, "eight crewcut men in busi­ acterization of Jesus Christ as the first great votee of belles lettres. ness suits, including one with a camera. I socialist • • • The Daily Texan recently profiled Mr. shook hands With Hoffman and started talk­ Jenkins. I insert this article in the REc­ ing very, very fast," Jenkins said. Proclaiming that "those three cardinal Hoffman tried to lose the FBI by follow­ defenders against fascism: a strong Com­ ORD for you to know more about this ing a most circuitous route to his hoteL munist Party, a vibrant, creative Social­ enterprising individual: In the hotel room, Jenkins said he ist Party, and a labor movement in­ LocAL BooK DEALER AcQUIRES VALUABLE "watched for evidence linking these plates grained in the masses of the people, do COLLECTION to the Union volume. It was easy to find. The not exist in America today," Goodlett (By Vicki Vaughan) thief had half-cut, half-torn the plates from calls for the Southern Christian Leader­ John H. Jenkins is a rare bookman-in the binding; one of the plates had been ship Conference to act in their stead in both senses of the phrase. ripped in two, and half a dozen others were The historian and rare book dealer presides liberally smeared with bloody handprlnts and the struggle to impose a Marxist order in drops of blood." America, for the SCLC to form a black over a warehouse domain on the outskirts of Austin, housing more than half a million After some nervous bargaining and fast vanguard for the socialist revolution: items. Recently Jenkins pulled off somewhat talking, Jenkins persuaded Hoffman to ac­ We have no illusions • • •. Yet, 25 million of a coup in the rare book world by purchas­ company him to Jenkins' motel in Man­ blacks, finally clearly visualizing the ultimate ing the Eberstadt Collection of more than hattan. disaster offered by capitalism for black 40,000 rare books. Its estimated value: more From his room Jenkins called the FBI and colonials in capitalist America, led by SCLC than $10 m1llion. told them of his evening appointment with and the educated tenth, using their moral, Presiding over his publishing company Hoffman. They agreed with some reluctance mental and physical resources in serious which includes all facilities for binding and to wait until the night's meeting to capture analysis and studies of economic-political printing, Jenkins greets visitors from behind Hoffman, when he might have the books and alternatives which will be transmitted by an imposing desk, sitting in a late 18th prints with him. Later that evening, Jenkins the Black Church and the Black Press to the Century German chair that has arms curving made it to Hoffman's hotel expecting to see black masses numbering more than 20 mil­ up into frightening gargoyles. the Audubon prints. lion people; such a unified, dedicated black "I call it nightmare style," he said. But when Hoffman opened the door I saw vanguard for change residing in the belly of A native of Beaumont, Jenkins began h1s that there were no books or plates in evi­ the beast would create an irresistible process rare book business with $100. While in law dence. Before I could do or say anything, Jn the body politic • • •. school at the University, he was persuaded FBI agents Wit~ drawn plstols--11 of them This black vanguard, rejecting capital­ to abandon his legal aspirations by J. Frank all told--came out of the woodwork, in from ism • • • would become the redemptive Dobie and Walter Prescott Webb. the hall, through the window; one even catalytic force in America • • •. "I always wanted somehow to be connectt!d seemed to come out of the bathroom." with books. I have never regretted leaving Jenkins was arrested along with Hoffman, Carleton Goodlett concludes his speech law school, as I believe this 1s one of the because, the FBI told him later, "you've been to SCLC by offering the alternative of few professions, on a daily basis, that is dealing with the Mafia." They arrested him, totalitarian state control under a Marx­ exciting." fearing that "some of the Hoffman's 'asso­ ist system to what he terms as incipient Two years ago Jenkins got all the excite­ ciates' might be watching," Jenkins said one totalitarian fascism in America. Predict­ ment one could ask for. And perhaps he agent told him. ably Goodlett's speech ended with calls brought the German chair to ward off such The missing plates were discovered in for disarmament-which would suit the visitors as the man who carne to Jenkins Hoffman's car, and all items were later re­ Soviets just fine-and with a challenge in the summer of 1971 With some rare books turned and restored. to sell. "The Eberstadt Colle~tion is one of the. and a dare to SCLC to become that revo­ The man called himself Carl Hoffman, and finest collec·~ions now in private hands and lutionary "catalyst" in the "economic he offered a pair of books for sale. is especially rare mon~tarlly speaking and tyranny!' " ... I immediately appraised (them) at in terms of itS- research value. Many an item Truly this is a significant speech. As we something between $10,000 and $20,000. 1s the only existing cop v in North America," enter the Bicentennial year several rev­ Simply as rare books, they were eyeopeners; Jenkins said. olutionary Marxist-Leninist organiza­ one was an illuminated manuscript, the The collection, purchased at a price of tions are making plans to disrupt the other a very early manuscript Koran." more than $5 million, was put together item Then the man mentioned he had some by item by Edward EbE.rstadt, a German im­ celebrations. And public exposure of "pictures of American birds, great big ones, migrant whose MadistJn Avenue bookstore Communist attempts to promote race and old," Jenkins said. was a haven for turn-of-the-century Uteratt. and class warfare must not be disre­ Trying to contain his excitement, Jenkins The stock is principally Americana, with garded. Indeed, public exposure of these asked if they might be Audubon prints. Yes, special collections on the American Revolu­ plans can be an effective countermeasure. that's what they were, the man said. tion, the Confederacy·, the American West In presenting the text of Carleton Good­ Jenkins said he was definitely interested and Mexico. lett's speech to the Southern Christian in seeing those prints. Hoffman said he would Items of special interest include the first call back in a week. printing of the broadJide of the Emancipa­ Leadership Conference for our consid­ Jenkins was already deeply involved in tion Proclamation and the document from eration, my Georgia colleague may have what he later called "The Audubon C81per." Texas colonists to the government of Mexico performed a greater service than he He had had some reason to be suspicious carried personally by Stephen F. Austin to realized. of Hoffman, since the man had seemed con­ Santa Anna. fused, but Jenkins' suspicions were con­ Things move slowlJ' ln the book world, he firmed when he picked up his copy of the continued, and for the time being he is BOOK DEALER ACQUffiES VALUABLE Antiquarian Bookman, which had arrived content to examine the volumes of the Eber­ COLLECTION that day. stadt Collection, in what most people must "I idly flipped through it (the magazine) Visualize as a dull profession peopled by and two ads leaped out at me: one an­ myopic and musty old men. nounced the theft of a number of very rare HON. J. J. PICKLE books and manuscripts, including a Koran OF TEXAS . . . the other offered a reward . . . for the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES first volume of an elephant folio Audubon, STONEWALLING ON AUTOMOBILE stolen from Union College (in Schenectady, EMISSIONS Thursday, September 25, 1975 N.Y.). Mr. PICKLE. Mr. Speaker, among the Jenkins immediately called the bookseller, cognoscenti of the book world, there is Union College and the FBI. HON. HENRY A. WAXMAN The FBI did not seem to be so much in­ one name which is now on everyone's terested in whether the books were re­ OF COLORADO lips. That name is John H. Jenkins, of covered as they were in catching the thief. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Austin, Tex. After a fruitless attempt to explain the Thursday, September 25, 1975 Recently Mr. Jenkins completed a pur­ importance of recovering the irreplaceable chase for the Eberstadt Collection of books and prints, Jenkins was given a chance Mr. WAXMAN. Mr. Speaker, the tour more than 40,000 rare books. Some ob- to play private eye when Hoffman called major domestic automobile companies 303·80 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 25, 1975 have generated considerable constituent auto industry's argument that the pres­ 1975 price of a car. In the case of a three­ mail in recent weeks by placing full page ent interim standards are sufficient to way catalyst, the Academy found that advertisements on auto emission controls protect air quality because the old cars this added cost would be more than offset in some 1,800 daily newspapers at an that new cars replace are so dirty is by increased fuel economy and lower estimated cost of $750,000. incorrect. maintenance costs as compared to 1974 The ad is headlined "You'll be paying In 1978, when the administration's vehicles. the bill, so let Congress know your proposed freeze begins, the newest un­ After making a total cost-benefit anal­ choice." The ad goes on to present the controlled car will be 11 years although ysis of reducing auto emissions to the tWo major alternatives to auto emissions the number of uncontrolled cars being statutory levels, the Academy estimated control the ads says are being considered phased out in 1978 will total only about the costs at $2.5 to $10 billion, but found in Congress. "Choice 1'' is the adminis­ 2 million and will decrease every year these costs to be commensurate with the tration's recommended 5-year morato­ thereafter. And since the average car benefits. rium on the statutory emissions stand­ that age travels only one-third as far_as ards set by the Clean Air Act Amend­ a new car, the only valid comparison re­ ments of 1970. "Choice 2" is keeping the quires three old cars to be phased out for NEW YORK CITY-AND SOUTHERN present law which calls for stricter every new car purchased-a situation ILLINOIS standards for 1977-78 model cars than that clearly will not happen. those now in effect. The ad then implies Compared to pre-controlled cars, today's that the only real choice is to support standards result in reductions of over 80 HON. STEPHEN J. SOLARZ the moratorium. percent for hydrocarbons and for carbon OF NEW YORK The Justice Department is currently monoxide and about 40 percent for oxides· IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of nitrogen according to industry figm·es. investigating the joint sponsorship of the Thursday, September 25, 1975 ads to determine whether the manufac­ However, according to EPA, the so­ turers violated the consent decree in the percent reduction for hydrocarbons and Mr. SOLARZ. Mr. Speaker, the role 1969 antitrust suit against the manu­ carbon monoxide is not actually being of an elected official in a democracy is a facturers for conspiracy to suppress the achieved by vehicles now on the road. complex one filled with many tensions. development and installation of pollution In fact the actual reduction achieved To continue in office a public official controls on automobiles. over the 100,000 miles useful life of an must represent the views of his consti­ BACKGROUND automobile is only one-third to one-half tuents; and to serve his country, he must that required by the standards because follow the dictates of his conscience. In After years of delay by the auto indus­ automobiles on the road do not meet this Congress, we are fortunate to have try in installing effective emission con­ the emission standards and because the as a colleague, Congressman PAUL SIMON trols in automobiles and in view of in­ Federal standards apply only for the :first of Illinois, who has resolved the tensions creasing levels of harmful air pollution 50,000 miles of a car's life. of his office and has met its demands in in urban areas throughout the country, " For oxides of nitrogen, the actual re­ on outstanding fashion. In part, Con­ Congress amended the Clean Air Act in duction in emissions from uncontrolled gressman SIMON has done this by help­ 1970 to require the auto companies to levels is only 11 percent, not the 40 per­ ing to shape public opinion in his dis­ meet strict statutory emission standards cent mentioned in the ad, according to trict through an excellent column on by 1975-76. The standards were set to EPA. national issues which appears in some of achieve air quality levels sufficient to With respect to fuel economy, the the local newspapers in southern illinois. protect the public health and welfare. ad states that, "Your gas mileage could There is much we can all learn from Air pollution is harmful to the health, be reduced by 5 percent to as much as 30 the gentleman from illinois. According­ damages materials and crops, lowers percent.'' It also questions the feasibility ly, I am placing in the RECORD an article property values and reduces visibility. In of the statutory standards. of his on the financial crisis in New York 1974 ·the National Academy of .Sciences The National Academy of Sciences City. It is encouraging to learn that you estimated that automotive air pollution points out that the statutory standards do not have to be a New Yorker to want causes 4,000 premature deaths and 4 "could, and should, be achieved while im­ to save New York City from the prospect million illness-restricted days per year. proving fuel economy. Substantial im­ of a financial collapse. The statutory emission standards have provements in fuel economy can and The article follows: been delayed until 1978 to give the auto should be realized at any of the proposed NEW YORK CITY-AND SOUTHERN !LLINOIS companies sufficient time to develop and levels of emissions. The improved tech­ Why should anyone in Southern Illinois produce the technology needed to meet nology required to meet emissi·on stand­ worry about New York City's problems? the emission standards without economic ards may assist in improving fuel That's a logical enough question, partic­ disruption or fuel penalties. economy.'' This is exactly what hap­ ularly in view of the fact that not too many AD ANALYSIS people in New York City have worried about pened in 1975 when tighter emission the problems of Southern Illinois. One o! The ad outlines the ''results" of each standards resulted in a fuel economy im­ the few references to Southern Illinois I have choice in terms of air quality, fuel econ­ provement of 14 percent over 1974 ever found in the New York Times was sports omy, and costs. models. EPA and DOT reached a similar writer Red Smith's description of our area. Under choice 1, "There will be con­ conclusion in a joint study last fall in "In scenic splendor," Smith "M"ote in 1972 tinued improvement of air quality as new reporting that a 60 percent fuel economy "Southern lllinois runs a poor second to th~ cars replace old cars." Under choice 2, gain is possible for 1980 cars. east Bronx"-a greater comment on his lack of knowledge of Southern Illinois than on ''Stricter standards would only add mar­ A recent Fiord Motor Co. sponsored our scenery. ginal improvement to air quality." study by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory at But the problems of New York City can­ Although these results may be true for California Institute of Technology also not be isolated. some of the country, they conceal the concluded that goals for emissions re­ Because New York City has fouled its fi­ fact that a freeze would result in more duction and fuel economy for the auto­ nancial nest, municipal bonds throughout violations of air quality standards mobile over the next 5 to 10 years can the nation cost more, because there is an in­ throughout the country, and at higher be met with engine improvements and creased lack of confidence in municipal fi­ violation levels. According to EPA stud­ vehicle charges. A November 1974 EPA nances. When Carbondale or Harrisburg or ies of 26 cities, there would be 46 percent Mt. Vernon or Cairo have to issue bonds, the study also indicated that the automobile citizens in those towns will have to pay a more occasions on which the carbon emission standards could be met while little more for their water or sewer service monoxide standards would be violated. obtaining the administration's fuel econ­ because of the New York City situation. The same EPA studies show the pro­ omy goals. That's the dlrect application. posed emissions moratorium would in­ With respect to costs, the automobile If New York City is forced to default on crease the number of hours of violations companies claim that meeting the statu­ its bonds, the result will be some fairly severe of the ambient standard by at least 9,400 tory standards would cost an additional restraints on that city's financial expendi­ tures, substantial enough to have some 1·m­ during 1977-85 in 30 urban areas. This $150 to $400. mediate impact on the economy in that area, amounts to an average of 3 additional The National Academy of Sciences with ripple effects in our area-not major hours of exposure to harmful oxidant found that meeting the statutory stand­ ones, but not good ones. levels per day every day for 9 years. The ards would only add $126 to $203 to the What can be done about New York City's September 25, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 80381 problems? How can we prevent this from self -sufficiency we are encountering hoaxes on the unrellabllLty of nuclear plants happening in the future elsewhere? many roadblocks. One of the more serious and alleged accidents, and has not published As of this writing it appears that New York impediments, is the quasi-scientific drive corrections when the dishonesty of these City will be able to stumble through the next reports was pointed out to its editors. Busi­ weeks, perhaps months, and that the short­ against nuclear energy mounted by cer­ ness Week has gone so far as to editorialize range picture will improve only if the long­ tain groups. Dr. Petr Beckmann, a pro­ on the "Faustian Bargain Of Nuclear Power" range prospects are brighter. If the banks fessor of electrical engineering at the and similar melodramatic plfHe. and bonding houses see "a light at the end University of Colorado, has presented a The truth is that most of the issues raised of the tunnel", they will help the city be­ good case against the people opposing by the anti-nuclear crusaders are not a mat­ cause they recognize their major stake in nuclear energy m a recent article that ter of opinion, but deal with matters of getting this situation solved. appeared in the Review of the News for quantifiable, measurable, and demonstrable How do we prevent the New York City facts. These facts are meticulously avoided by disease from spreading? July 23, 1975. The article, slightly ab­ the superstition mongers who refuse to be That answer is tied in with the long-range breviated, follows: drawn from their monologue into a debate. answer. REACTORS AND RADICAL REACTION For example, the Energy Research Group, Cities and states have learned a lesson from (By Petr Beckmann) an assembly of Massachusetts nuclear scien­ the feder:a.l government: you can spend more tists, has many times asked Nader to debate than you take in. That has rtremendous polit­ In 1754 a Czech priest named Prokop Divis the issues. At various press conferences, Na­ ical appeal. Instead of lowering expenditures constructed a lighting conductor which der always pretended to accept the challenge, to meet revenue, or increasing taxes to take worked on the same principle as the one boasting that he would "demolish their care of expenditures, you simply issue demonstrated by Benjamin Franklin six phony arguments in front of millions of bonds-the state and local governments years later. But Divis called his device a viewers." But he ignored all of their fre­ equivalent of printing more money. "weather machine," and when the surround­ quently repeated invitations. When his But just as federal deficits are costly, so ing region was hit by a drought the following fraudulent hit-and-run tactics finally be­ are local deficits. year, a mob of peasants attacked and smashed gan to wear thin, after endless delays, he did The result ls that a higher and higher per­ the "machine." recently appear in two debates with nuclear centage of our tax dollar is going for interest Nuclear power is a far more powerful in­ scientists. And he fared as well as a member rather than goods and services. vention than the lightning conductor; but of the Flat Earth Society in a confrontation One way to reduce that problem is by fed­ far more powerful, too, are the superstitious with astronomers. eral example, though I am not optimistic peasants who are trying to destroy it. In spite of such fiops, there is no denying that answer will surface unless the economy Unlike their predecessors in the Eighteenth that the anti-nuclear movement has been improves substantially, and the steps to make Century, the superstitious peasants of the 1970s are affluent and college educated; they surprisingly successful. Honest citizens have that happen are not being taken. grown concerned about nuclear power; sin­ A second way to deal with this is to amend have considerable political clout and are waging a well-organized campaign. What cere public ofilcials are beginning to doubt the revenue sharing extension which is likely its safety; several states have severely cur­ to pass later this year or early next year. In they share with their predecessors is fear and hatred of something they do not understand. tailed the growth of nuclear power; and, a addition to the present grants to cities, coun­ referendum seeking virtually to halt nuclear ties and state governments, I favor adding a The anti-nuclear campaign is being waged by a motley crowd of demagogues who are power will be on the ballot in California next two per cent bonus to all units of govern­ year. Politicians are beginning to wonder ment which do not increase their indebted­ totally ignorant of nuclear technology, but highly skilled in propaganda tactics. The whether the word "nuclear" (like "profits") ness during the previous fiscal year. is now sufilciently dirty to grab votes by cam­ That will be a practical way of providing leaders of such ehvironmentalist organiza­ tions as the Sierra Club and the Friends of paigning against nuclear power. additional assistance to units of government The anti-nuclear crusaders have not only which act responsibly. Right now, most citi· the Earth have had years of experience in turning the understandable desire of people been helped by the active support of the mass zens have no idea whether their mayors or media, but also by the passivity of those who county boards or governors are operating for a clean environment into a stalking horse challenging Free Enterprise, economic ought to know better. Ralph Nader has be­ within fiscal restraints. This will be a prac· come the laughing stock of the nuclear in­ tical way of dramatically encouraging the growth, modern technology, and "the estab­ lishment." And they have shown themselves dustry, but that industry has done very little right thing. to take its case to the public. The A.E.C. let A few days ago a school superintendent equally adept in using genuine concerns for safety as a new saddle for the same old stalk­ itself be crowded into a defensive position told me, "We got into a hassle with our and vainly sought to appease the supersti­ teachers and we finally decided that we ing horse. Yet even these environmentalist groups tion mongers by increasing the rigor of its would give in, create some more debt, and safety regulations, in some cases to the border let someone else worry about it in the future. seem moderate compared with such move­ ments as the one launched last November by of the absurd. Its successors, the E.RD.A. We've bad our share of headaches." and the N.R.C., appear to be bent on the I sympathize with problems which teachers Ralph Nader at the "Critical Mass '74" rally. It .has strong totalitarian overtones, and un­ same policy, having done very little in the and administrators face, but that's the New way of making the simple facts credible. York City approach, and the result of that abashedly casts aside all technological con­ type of conduct should be clear. siderations in favor of purely political no­ INCOMBUSTIBLE FUEL This amendment to revenue sharing would tions. Nader was supported at the rally by The most frequently asked question re­ help New York City slightly, and lessen the an impressive number of political radicals mains: "Is nuclear power safe?" demand for state and local deficit financing who fervently cheered his boast that the The honest answer is No. There is no such appreciably. meeting heralded "the beginning of a dem­ thing as perfectly safe energy: Energy is the A second change which could help the ocratic control of all technology." capacity for doing work, and as long as man long-range picture would be for the federal THE NUCLEAR MONOLOGUE is fallible, there is always the possibll1ty that government to recognize that the welfare The anti-nuclear crusaders project a be­ it will do the wrong kind of work. To ask situation cannot be a local burden. Since the wildering miX of outright falsehoods and for safe energy is much like asking for in­ courts have ruled out residence requirements half-truths. But there is one phrase that I combustible fuel. for welfare, perhaps we should say that start­ find particularly exasperating, and that is A more meaningful question, therefore, is ing in 1978, the federal government will take their continual reference to "the nuclear whether the benefits are worth the risks. over the financing of welfare. That issue has been analyzed many times, In the meantime we can start looking for debate." and nuclear energy has always come out of some much more imaginative answers to this What debate? such analyses with :flying colors. Since this problem, answers that are fairer to the wel­ There is no debate, only a monologue. The three television networks give exaggerated approach does not seem to have convinced fare recipients and fairer to the taxpayers. everybody, let us try another tack: What are If those long-range steps would be taken, coverage to Nader's hysteria, but last Febru­ ary they censored a unique appeal for nuclear the risks of nuclear power compared with New York City, Southern Illlnois and the na­ the risks of the alternatives? tion would be moving in the right direction. power by 34 of this country's foremost scien­ tists, including 11 Nobel Prize winners. Their Like any other type of energy conversion, "documentaries" on nuclear power attempt to nuclear power is associated with a number give the impression of fairness by balancing of dangers, of which nuclear explosion, waste the truth against a lie, giving them equal disposal, loss of coolant, radioactivity, and weight, and even then they smuggle in nuclear theft appear to have caused the most REACTORS AND RADICAL REACTION widespread fears. But before we compare the savage distortions of the half-truth. these dangers to those inherent in other They endlessly exploit the psychological asso­ forms of power generation, let us briefly re­ ciation of nuclear and bomb, which makes HON. LARRY McDONALD view how nuclear power 1s generated, and as much sense as the association of electric what the alternatives are. OF GEORGIA and chair . . IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The national newspapers and weeklies are SOME BASICS hardly better, and the distortions are by no Nuclear energy is not converted to elec­ Thursday, September 25, 1975 means limited to what 1s thought of as the tricity directly; it is used as a source of heat, Mr. McDONALD of Georgia. Mr. "Liberal" press. The Wall Street Journal, for which is in turn employed to produce steam Speaker, in the Nation's quest for energy instance, has many times fallen for Nader's to drive the turbo-generators. 30382 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 25, 1975 All commercially operating reactors use than 350 years-yes, three and a half cen­ being lost is of the same order as of a large uranium as a fuel, but uranium as found in turies-to fill it. meteor crashing into a populated area.. nature contains only a trace of the isotope Clearly, waste disposal is not a pressing (Hundreds of thousands of lives would have that is fissile, i.e., capable of the chain problem. It has many solutions, such as been lost, for instance, if the Siberian me­ reaction that releases energy and produces storing the wastes in salt formations that are teor had crashed into Manhattan.) It is a heat. For the most usual type of reactor, the known to have been undisturbed for the probability smaller than that of any other uranium is therefore processed or· "enriched" past 200 million years; and the reason why disaster, natural or man-made. until the concentration of the fissile isotope the "problem" has not yet been definitely Now the M.C.A. sounds pretty horrible, but is increased from 0.7 percent to about 3 per­ "resolved" is that there is plenty of time it is no more horrible than what is possible cent. It is then inserted into fuel rods which to investigate even bett&r possibilities. with old-fashioned sources of energy, the go into the reactor core. Nuclear reactions in No such simple solutions are available to main difference being that few people are the core produce heat, the amount of which the problem of what to do with the ashes of interested in M.C.A. analyses for fossil-fired can readily be regulated from zero to a coal-fired plants. In both cases we leave a plants. But there is a more important dif­ maximum amount, and this heat is trans­ problem to future generations; but the prob­ ference: An accident with massive loss of ferred to the coolant surrounding the core lem is bigger for coal. life due to fossil fuels is not just possible, (water), which then produces the steam for ENVmONMENTAL DAMAG:f: it is far more probable. Indeed, one need the turbogenerator. not fantasize as in the case of nuclear If all of America's electric power were sup­ The fissile uranium is eventually spent, and plied by nuclear breeders (which breed more plants; one can simply look at what has the fuel rods, now containing radioactive nuclear fuel simultaneously with producing already happened, and what risks a society, fission products, are removed from the core. heat), the volume of uranium ore mined an­ large sections of which are scared by anti­ Only a small part of the contents is ulti­ nually would occupy a space of 200 by 200 by nuclear hysteria, is willing to take with coal, mately wasted; the re&t, including plu­ 75 feet. For coal, that space is 200 by 200 feet oil, and gas. tonium, can be processed and recycled to by 75 miles, or 5,000 times larger. For example, as the scientists of the En­ provide new fuel (which at present is not But the Friends of the Earth abhor nuclear ergy Research Group have pointed out, yet done for commercial plants). power; for, in their ignorance and supersti­ almost every major coastal port city has, What are the alternatives to use of nuclear tion, they are no friends of the earth. either within the city or nearby, a major power? If the United States is to retain oil or gas storage fac111ty with millions of anywhere near its present standard of life­ NUCLEAR ACCIDENT gallons of flammable liquids and gases. The . let alone national security-it cannot settle In evaluating the consequences of a nu­ Chelsea, Massachusetts, tank farm, for ex­ for zero energy growth: To keep the per clear accident, the Atomic Energy Commis­ ample, contains 151 million gallons of fuel capita energy consumption merely constant, sion and other investigators have worked oil in the immediate neighborhood of a pop­ the total consumption must increase as the with a standard called the "maximum credi­ ulation of 37,000. The possibility of an ex­ population increases. To be sure, there is ble accident" (M.C.A.), which assumes a plosion and chain reaction is obviously less plenty of waste to be cut. But only so much chain of highly improbable, but possible, farfetched than the science-fiction-like sce­ is fat; the rest cuts into the muscle. (In partial accidents. Let us consider the M.C.A. nario of the nuclear M.C.A. G.N.P. dollars produced per kilowatt-hours The scenario invariably starts with the Oil tanker explosions, not in hypothesis consumed, the U.S. is among the world's most dangerous accident, the loss of cool­ but in fact, have averaged 14 per year in the most efficient users of energy.) It is one thing ant. The water surrounding the c:ore is con­ last 15 years. A fully laden 200,000-ton oil to change from gas guzzlers to smaller cars; nected to the heat exchangers by pipes, which tanker carries the potential thermal energy it is quite another to lack the energy for are of a special design (earthquakeproof, for of a 2-megaton hydrogen bomb. What if one producing steel and a thousand other prod­ example), specially tested, and continuously of those were to explode near the storage ucts that keep a modern industrialized econ­ monitored for leaks. It is highly unlikely that facilities of a major port? This is a field un­ omy running. even a small leak could develop (the recent grazed by Nader's imagination. Among other energy sources, coal is by far story that 23 plants developed such leaks Professor Richard Wilson of Harvard Uni­ the most important. The production of oil was a typical Naderite hoax); but the M.C.A. versity has supplied some stunning figures on and gas cannot be expected to increase dras­ assumes a "guillotine break"-a clean break how much we are willing to pay to save a life tically, and solar energy, even if it can be with complete separation of the broken ends in one oase, but not in another. When in made economical, wm need very large col­ of the pipe. In that highly unlikely case, the 1973 the permissible radiation level at nu­ lecting areas. Windmills make a fine conver­ emergency core cooling system with inde­ clear plants was reduced from 170 to 10 milli­ sation piece, but a poor and expensive energy pendent pipes and pumps would automati­ rems, the effect was to reduce the corre­ source. There is not enough energy in the cally take over; but the M.C.A. assumes that sponding incidence of cancer from 4 to 1 per tides along the entire U.S. seaboard to pro­ both automatic and manual operation of the year (out of a total of 300,000 in the United vide a significant fraction of the total con­ emergency system would fall and the core States). This works out to $800 million per sumption. Quite insufficient, too, are the would be drained of coolant. In that ex­ saved life. On the other hand, there are presently known and accessible deposits of tremely unlikely case, the fuel would melt now 75 tanks of liquid natural goa.s located geothermal energy. Clearly, nuclear power and slump to the bottom of the ·steel pres­ in U.S. cities. At times, they are involved is a very important alternative. But is it sure vessel. It would then melt through the in explosions and cause loss of life-133 lives safe? steel and fall into the concrete foundations in 1946, 33 lives in 1973. The cost of mov­ NUCLEAR EXPLOSION below. ing these storage tanks out of the cities It is physically impossible to induce an What would happen then, nobody knows would work out to $1,000 per life saved ... explosive nuclear chain reaction in the exactly-just as nobody knows what exactly but they are still sitting there. uranium used for fuel in power plants. Anti­ would happen if a jumbo jet crashed into a In other words, the superstitious peasants nuclear horror stories, such as Nader's fable railroad bridge just after two trains had have so brainwashed us that we are willing of "100,000 deaths and the destruction of an collided on it, and the flaming debris were to spend $800 million per saved life when area the size of Pennsylvania" are undiluted to drop onto an oil tanker passing under the the danger is nuclear, but unwilling to hogwash. A nuclear explosion in a power plant bridge next to a gasoline refinery. spend $1,000 to save a life from an exploding is not merely improbable, it is impossible: Most likely, the molten fuel would disperse gas tank. An explosive chain reaction is no more feasi­ in the concrete and the earth below it, where Millions of dollars have been spent to ble in 3 percent enriched uranium than it is most of the radioactive materials would be analyze the maximum credible accident for in chewing gum. absorbed. However, continuing the scenario nuclear power plants, and a special facillty of maximum improbability, the M.C.A. e.s­ NUCLEAR WASTES is now under construction in Idaho actually sumes that the fuel would melt through in to create a loss-of-coolant "accident." No Some of the nuclear wastes, say the anti­ a single lump and then release all its gase­ nuclear crusaders, retain their radioactivity such effort has ever been made to study the ous and volatile radioactive material. In that maximum credible accident for fossil-fuel for thousands of years; what to do with them case, the gases would most probably return is an unresolved problem. storage and transportation. Even so, it is through the hole made by the molten fuel fairly obvious that while the loss .of life That is the truth, but not the whole truth. into the containment building housing the The thing that is never mentioned is the would be comparable, the prol>a.bility in the reactor (which is made of thick ferroconcrete latter case is higher. Since risk is defined as volume of these wastes. If the entire U.S. and must be strong enough to withstand electric power capacity were nuclear, the the impact of a jet liner crashing into it). the product of probab111ty and penalty, it wastes per person per year would occupy the But the M.C.A. assumes that somehow the follows that the risk of accident with mas­ volume of one aspirin tablet. One aspirin gases could find their way past the contain­ sive loss of life is smaller for nuclear power. tablet! By comparison, the waste per person ment building and reach the public. RADIOACTIVITY per year in coal-fired plants amounts to a Even then, however, people would not drop Another radical bugab6o is radioactivity. whopping 320 lbs., of which only 90 percent dead by the thousands as depicted by Ralph The hazards· of non-accidental radi.a.tion due is in the ash pile, the rest being spewed into Nader's fertile imagination. What would to nuclear power plants are utterly negligi­ the air. happen, if there were no evacuation, is that ble and oan be dismissed quickly: The aver­ If the entire U.S. capacity were nuclear, there would be an increased incidence of age U.S. citizen receives 130 xnrem/year from and a cubical volume 200 feet on a side were cancer, detectable only by statistical analy­ natural background radiation (cosmic rays, set aside to bury them, it would take no less sis. The probab111ty of thousands of lives radiation from the ground, buildings, food, September 25, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3{)383 and other materi·als), and another 118 Soviet influence, and all of which are within funds to assist us in the upgrading of our mrem/ year from manmade equipment, par­ easy Soviet grasp. criminal justice system. ticularly medical equipment such as X-rays. It is an intolerable situation that America's We are not only anxious to be included From nuclear reaotors and all other nuclear energy lifelines across the oceans should no Within the provisions of this Act, but it is facilities, he receives all of 0.013 mremjyear, longer be secure in the face of the feverish now doubly important because of our inclu­ or much less than 1/10,000th of the radia­ buildup of the Soviet Navy and the decima­ sion in the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency tion he would receive anyway. tion of the U.S. Navy by a crowd of oppor­ Control Act of 1974. The level of cosmic radiation depends on tunistic Congressmen. The Juvenile Act of 1974 has not yet been the altitude--in Denver, Colorado, it is . The vast energy needed to sustain Amer­ funded, but does include the Trust Territory. about twice as strong as at sea level. The ica's economy and national security cannot However, the Act provides that if and when dose received in jet flights amounts to about be supplied by sunbeams, summer breezes, funds are appropriated, they will be allocated 0.7 mrem/ hr, so that every time Ralph Nader and fumaroles. When all the rhetoric has to the administering agency created by the jets to some campus to lecture on the threat been exhausted, a little elementary arith­ Omnibus Safe Streets Act. of the "radioactive society," he receives a metic comes through loud and clear with There are, therefore, two reasons why we far stronger dose than he would receive in only two possibilities of bridging the energy need to amend the Omnibus Safe Streets a lifetime of living next to a nuclear power gap for the next decades-coal and nuclear Act, first, to receive LEAA funds for the Trust plant. fuel. Not either, but both. Territory, and, second, to create the adminis­ NUCLEAR THEFT The rest of the world is forging ahead. tering agency to receive the funds of this While the U.S. is studying the breeder re­ Act. The rlsk of nuclear theft and blackmail actor to death, France has had one in com­ The amendment of this Act to fulfill both ls not to be taken lightly. Bu.t here, again, mercial operation since last year. While U.S. purposes can be handled by a. rather simple the danger is concentrated, for it is virtually utilities have deferred or cancelled half of amendment to the Omnibus Safe Streets impossible to .steal plutonium anywhere but their nuclear orders in the last year, the rest Act. A proposed bill for such an amendment at the reprocessing plant or in transit from of the world has increased its nuclear com­ is enclosed. it. By oompartson, the danger of theft is mitment by 38 percent. Taiwan, Britain, Bel­ We would appreciate any assistance your far more dilute in the case of ready-made gium, and Switzerland have now outstripped office can give us in the amendment of the military weapons, for tactical nuclear bombs the United States in percentage nuclear ca­ Act, and if we can in any way assist in the are stored with U.S. force a.broa.d as well as in pacity. The Soviet bloc, too, unhampered by accomplishment of this goal, please let us this country, and they are not mounted in­ college-educated illiterates waging obstruc­ know. accessibly in a reactor oore like nuclear fuel. tionist campaigns, is going nuclear with Mahala and Aloha. Yet we are assured that in 30 years not vigorous determination. PETER T. COLEMAN, a single nuclear weapon has been stolen, and If this country is Willing to take the risk Deputy High Commissioner. this makes nonsense of the claim that prop­ of rejecting the cleanest and safest form of erly safeguarded recycling technology would energy conversion yet devised, it might ulti­ turn the U.S. into a "garrison state." mately find itself experiencing some other Nor is it as easy to process fuel to make health hazards. Por example, how many wom­ CONSERVATION AND OIL POLICY a bomb as the nuclear critics make out. It en will die in childbirth when the electric took India eight years, with full government power runs out? What are the health hazards ACT OF 1975 support and teams of highly competent sci­ of turning the United States into a giant entists, to breed enough plutonium and Albania? What are the health hazards of life HON. MICHAEL HARRINGTON make a bomb--which was a failure on the in a Soviet colony? first test. The idea that a petty criminal OF MASSACF.nJSETTS could do better in a basement or garage is IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ludicrous. But there are other dangers. What seems Thursday, September 25. 1975 all but certain is that nuclear weapons, INCLUDE TRUST TERRITORY IN LAW ENFORCEMENT ASSISTANCE Mr. HARRINGTON. Mr. Speaker, on manufactured under the cloak of nuclear Tuesday, September 23, I, along with the power. Will eventually proliferate among the LAW goverk.Illents of the Third World. Apart from majortty of my colleagues, voted for final the method used by India (heavy-water re­ passage of H.R. 7014, the Energy Con­ actor breeding plutonium from unenriched HON. SPARK M. MATSUNAGA servation and Oil Policy Act of 1975. For uranium ore), there is now a relatively un­ OF HAWAll the past several months the Interstate sophisticated, if wasteful, method of enrich­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and Foreign Commerce Committee has ing uranium-and whether it ls enriched to been fashioning a comprehensive energy 3 percent for fuel or beyond 90 percent for Thursday, September 25, 1975 bill. The result of that effort balances the a bomb is up to the oountry that has the equipment. A plant of thls type has just Mr. MATSUNAGA. Mr. Speaker, I was need for developing of new energy re­ been sold to Brazil by West Germany, and surprised to learn, when I received a sources with the need for effective energy shortly after closing the deal, the Brazllian letter recently from the Deputy High conservation. It balances the needs of the foreign minister said: "We would never dream Commissioner of the Trust Territory of energy producers with the needs of en­ of making a bomb--unless, of course, Argen­ the Pacific Islands, that the Trust Ter­ ergy consumers. tina were to make one first." ritory was not eligible to receive funds The committee has rejected the course All of this is unpleasant, but it has very from the Law Enforcement Assistance charted by the major oil companies and little to do With nuclear power, for the Administration-LEAA. adopted by the administration. That pol­ overriding question is this: How can you stop the threat of nuclear blackmail by pro­ Participation in LEAA's valuable pro­ icy called for an end to Federal involve­ hibiting nuclear technology in the civ111an grams has thus been denied the people ment in controlling the price of energy sector of a single country-the United States in this area. I believe it is time to remedy products, except to the extent necessary only? this oversight, and am therefore intro­ to guarantee the profits of those com­ THE DEEPER RISKS ducing today legislation to include the panies and the investment of their stock­ We believe that the foregoing discussion Trust Territory in the Crime Control holders. The policy also called for a con­ has shown the risks of going nuclear are Act of 1973. - tinuation of our present wasteful use of far smaller than those associated With any I believe that Deputy Commissioner energy, relying instead on developing other form of large-scale energy conversion. Peter Coleman's letter urging such a ever increasingly costly new sources at Yet the points made above are purely tech­ nical, and as such only scratch the surface change is a valuable chronicling of the the expense of both the consumer and of the problem. Energy ls the life blood of an need for it, and I include the letter at the environment. industrialized society, and a nation that is this point: The bill, as amended by ·the Staggers short of energy ls doomed to decay, for lack TRUST TERRITORY OF THE PACIFIC ameudment, establishes a $5.25-per­ of energy is self-propagating. Under the bu­ ISLANDS, OFFICE OF THE HIGH barrel ceiling for old oil, a $7.50 ceiling reaucratic allocation rules enforced during COMMISSIONER, on new oil, and a $10 ceiling on high cost the Arab oJl embargo, for instance, some Saipan, Manana Islands, June 5, 1975. recovery oil. These prices, well below the Texas wells lacked the Diesel oil to pump Hon. SPARK M. MATSUNAGA, current cost of imported oil, will benefit crude oU. Moreover, a great power that does U.S. House of Representatives, not control its own energy sources is bound Washington, D .a. consumers, while, at the same time, al­ to degenerate into a blustering impostor. DEAR SPAKKY: In the Omnibus Crime Con­ lo-.7 companies to make sufilcient profits It is an intolerable situation that a signif­ trol and Safe Streets Act of 1968, the Trust to attract needed investment. icant fraction of America's energy souroes Territory of the Pacific Islands was omitted Most importantly, the committee will should be in the hands of unstable Mideast from the appllcab111ty of the Act and we seriously address the issue of energy dictatorships, some of which are under strong have, therefore, been unable to receive LEAA conservation. It establishes mandatory 30384 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 25, 1975 standards for automobile fuel consump­ hearings were very well received by the tion works, and if it does not, the need to tion, requires the labeling of energy in­ prison reform community and others in­ return to a more punitive model. It should terested in improving our criminal jus­ be understood that the rehab111tation/treat­ tensive appliances, and sets standards ment model was the latest in a series of re­ for industrial and commercial energy tice system. I would like to insert into the form attempts to discover that additional conservation. It is estimated that up to CONGRESSIONAL RECORD a thoughtful re­ ingredient that would bring success to the 40 percent of the energy used in indus­ sponse to some of the issues raised dur­ penitentiary experiment. Our position is that trial applications is wasted. Given the ing the hearings. The following letter all of the major reform efforts attempted uncertainty surrounding the estimates of from the N aJtional Moratorium on Prison throughout the nearly 200-year-old history in remaining domestic petroleum reserves, Construction is printed at this point: the use of prisons have left legacies of fail­ energy conservation must be the major NATIONAL MORAT6RIUM ure. This has been so because of the basic cornerstone of any rational energy policy. ON PRISON CONSTRUCTION, inherent defects in the penitentiary concept Washington, D.O., September 17, 1975. (interruption, removal, isolation, doing time In addition, the legislation establishes for penitence) itself. Untll this concept it­ a national civilian strategic storage re­ Mr. HERMAN BADILLO, Oannon House Office Building, self is virtually eliminated as the primary or serve. The reserve, of up to 1 billion bar­ Washington, D.O. ultimate sanction, we continually are led rels of oil, will provide protection against DEAR MR. BADILLO: We want to take this op­ down dead-end streets toward other futile a cutoff of foreign oil. This will permit portunity to commend the Judiciary Sub­ panaceas. The punitive model has a much the United States to import lower cost committee on Courts, Civil Liberties, and the longer record of failure than does the re­ oil from abroad-if the cartel is broken­ Adlninistration of Justice, of which you are hab111tative one. To go from one to the other a member, for having conducted oversight is like going from the frying pan into the secure in the knowledge that it will not fire. As Robert Martinson's s.tudy of various be subject _to political blackmail by the hearings on July 28 and 30 on the programs, plans, policy, and philosophy of the Federal treatment modalities has shown, whether producing countries. Bureau of Prisons as a component of the tried in prison or in the community, neither The bill also gives the President stand­ federal criminal justice bureaucracy. We works well when recidivism is used as the by authority to impose mandatory allo­ would trust that as other questions arise, you criteria. To follow this to its logical conclu­ cations of petroleum and gas rationing. would not hesitate to conduct further hear­ sion---,since it makes little difference which It permits him to regulate refinery out­ ings. route is imposed, for most offenders the most puts to prevent the creation of artificial It was heartwarming for us to hear some of econolnically feasible route should be at­ the major issues discussed that normally tempted. shortages and requires the rapid develop­ Our sketch for the future would require ment of energy resources on Federal cannot or will not be addressed by the op­ erators themselves. The question was raised principles of making whole the victim, the lands. of lack of federal criminal justioe planning to defendant, and th,e community: restitution Finally, the bill authorizes the General properly examine the entire intake and flow and making amends, community mediation Accounting Office to undertake a com­ process so that resources can be creatively and reconcilation of difficulties and disputes, plete audit of the books of the major oil allocated and applied Bit the appropriate in­ focusing on the social and economc injustices companies. For too long, the Congress has tervention points. This question assumes the that frequently make the community seem been dependent on unreviewed, unaudit­ continued existence of the federal criminal as criminal as the defendant. ed data supplied by the oil companies. justice process. But if there remains a fed­ We would like to suggest a framework for eral nonsystem, something will have to be an ~mmediate course of action that your com­ In recent congressional hearings, it has done to rectify the resultant fiscal irresponsi­ mittee could consider: been discovered that the major oil com­ bility that allows, because of lack of central 1. Moratorium on any and all new con­ panies have spent millions of dollars un­ coordination, 15,000 nondangerous to be con­ struction for a period of, say, ten years, con­ der the table to influence foreign politi­ fined at the rate of over $6,100 per year while sistent with the recommendations of the cians and governments. It is equally like­ federal probationers cost only $500 per year. National Advisory Commission on Criminal ly that the majors have utilized account­ The issue of whether there should be a fed­ Justice Standards and Goals. This would pro­ erally operated prison system Bit all in light vide the time and technique for forcing an ing and bookkeeping procedures which intensive review of current policy and imple­ provide an inaccurate picture of their of a creative federalism was an even more tantalizing question. Since 85-95% of fed­ mentation of various alternatives. actual profitability. A GAO audit would eral confinees have been convicted for crimes 2. A federal criminal justice planning bring any questionable practices to light. similar in kind to state offenses, a federal mechanism that can analyze the entire in­ In short, the Energy Conservation and system seems to be needlessly redundant. take and flow process, make cost-effective Oil Policy Act of 1975 is a sensible, long Furthermore, a federal system can never pro­ studies, and understand from an econoinic term approach to our energy problems. duce a model that provides a true close-to­ and pragmatic perspective which alterna­ It is not a "quick fix" and will not bring home/community corrections model, as it­ tives should or could be introduced at the about the economic dislocation and hard­ must serve too large a geographical area. A various decision-making points in the local system rectifies that deficiency by process. ship that the more drastic energy meas­ definition. 3. Identify a range of alternatives and de­ ures would create. Mr. Nagel raised the most profound issue­ velop a strategy for their timely implementa­ It is a bill which will protect consumers whether the prison or "doing time" concept tion. Some can be implemented now-more and the environment while providing the possesses such inherent defects as to make it use of small community fac111ties, either new energy resources it needs, and pro­ virtually a worthless, or worse, damaging, so­ operated by the Federal Bureau or contracted tecting it from foreign energy black­ cial control device? The very nature of prisons with resources of local public or private agen­ mail. seems contra to positive change in people-­ cies. Shorter rather than longer sentences if some do change it is despite, rather than would require legislation. But serious study because of; being locked up. The interruption, should be conducted as to the relationship removal, isolation, and alienation involved of length of prison sentence to recidivism. COMMUNITY REACTION TO BUREAU seems to produce so many unnatural obsta­ Many studies reveal a positive coorelation be­ OF PRISON OVERSIGHT HEAR­ cles as to require our unprecedented scru­ tween the two-the longer the period of INGS tiny of the penitentiary concept itself. removal, the higher the repeat rate. To in­ Finally, an issue that constantly surfaced crease the use of federal probation for "non­ was the change underway in the philosophi­ dangerous" offenders would require greater HON. HERMAN BADILLO cal direction for the correctional function. coordinated planning and increased leader­ OF NEW YORK Several federally funded or sponsored reports ship from corrections personnel in dealing with the judicial function. Virtual elimina­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES have all suggested an intensive new empha­ sis on various community alternatives to tion of the jail for the poor, ball for the Thursday, September 25, 1975 prison for most offenders. The Bureau of Pris­ rich pre-trial detention process would re­ ons seems intent on going just as intensively quire a major change in policy and proce­ Mr. BADILLO. Mr. Speaker, prior to in an opposite direction toward more de­ dure. the August recess the House Judiciary pendence on institutions. If for no other 4. As part of a strategy for implementation Committee Subcommittee on Courts, Civil reason than the tremendous cost differential of alternatives within a framework of the Liberties, and the Administration of Jus­ involved when comparing prisons with alter­ new federalism, develop a working arrange­ tice held oversight hearings on the Fed­ natives, serious changes in direction must be ment with select states, such as California eral Bureau of Prisons. The hearings, attempted. Once· built, prisons remain quite and Minnesota, and let those states deal with under the leadership of Chairman RoB­ permanent and inflexible, and the capital all federal offenders who llve or were com­ outlay itself becomes reason for their per• Initted from within their borders. California, ERT KASTENMEIER, provided a balanced petuation even after changes in philosophy for one, has expressed an interest in the past and thought provoking investigation into make their operation outdated and even for doing this. the current plans of the Bureau and ex­ cpunterproductive. Finally, since questions were raised about citing alternatives to incarceration being A brief note is in order here to comment who we are, we should tell you. We have been tried by other political jurisdictions. The on the recent flurry over whether rehabiUta.- in existence since February 1975, funded and September 25, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 80885 staffed by the Unitarian Universalist Service gress worthy of an accolade that has been Because neither the Congress nor the Committee (UUSC) with in-kind services given in the past to men like Richard K. President had the strength to write the type provided by the National Council on Crime Mellon, Bill Scranton, and my great friend of legislation each desired, the 1974 Act be­ and Delinquency (NCCD). We represent over and mentor, David L. Lawrence. came a compromise. Political considerations a half-million people which comprise NCCD, I have to thank Jim Knox for more than edged out programmatic soundness. UUSC, and the Unitarian Universalist As­ his kind introduction. Jim and I go back a The Congress was at a definite disadvan­ sociation. We are involved with attempts long way. Before I entered Congress in 1958, tage in this affair, because most of us desper­ to stop construction of local jails, state I served for two years as a member of Alle­ ately wanted a housing and community de­ prisons, and federal prisons, whether for gheny County's Housing Authority when Jim velopment bill in 1974. And we were more juveniles or adults. We do this not because was County Comptroller. It was my firsthand willing to compromise than they. The Ad­ we are do-gooders or soft-hearted. Many of exposure to the actions of a public housing ministration's strength was based on a our people would be considered conservative. authority and the people it served that led threatened presidential veto, that we could What ties us all together is the belief that me to seek assignment to the House Bank­ not override, despite Nixon's predicament the prison concept is historically a costly ing, Currency and Housing Committee, with with Watergate. failure, that enough evidence exists to prove its jurisdiction over housing and urban af­ In reviewing the birth of that Act, I look to rational human beings that this is so, fairs policies. with pride at my compromise proposal that and that money for more of the same is ex­ In the 17 years I've been on the Housing led to final House and Senate acceptance of tremely unwise and irresponsible. We do not Subcommittee, I've had the privilege to work the housing and community development profess to have all the answers. What we do with some outstanding people, both in Wash­ package. advocate is at least a pause in further per­ ington and at the local level. We've written In the legislation-besides the two major petuation of more prisons which last so long the basic housing laws which give life and new programs--we established the urban once built. This moratorium will provide time substance to your agencies and to which county concept; insisted that, despite the for hard questioning and serious pursuit of many of you have dedicated your profes­ existence of the Section 8 program, HUD various alternatives in program, procedure, sional lives and careers. should continue to build new conventional policy, and philosophy. If there has been a common thread guid­ public housing; and put the Federal Govern­ Sincerely yours, ing my activities as a Member of Congress, ment behind the bond issues of State housing S. BRIAN WILLSON, it is my belief in the mandate of the 1949 finance agencies. Coordinator. Housing Act which guaranteed all Americans I fought for each one of the proposals be­ DAVID M. EBERHARDT, a decent home in a suitable living environ­ cause I believed they were necessary, con­ Associate Coordinator. ment. sistent with the decent home in a suitable It may sound oversimplified but I believe environment pledge, and complemented the deeply in that charge and I view my re-elec­ block grant and Section 8 programs. tion to Congress as a reaffirmation that the Needless to say, HUD has refused to seek money for some provisions of the 1974 law. CONGRESSMAN MOORHEAD NAMED people for whom I toll expect me to give life to that simple pledge. It has sought to legislate other matters PENNSYLVANIA'S HOUSING MAN This principle has guided me in my hous­ through regulation. And in some instances, OF THE YEAR ing and community development endeavors, the Department has merely ignored the will my work on the Joint Economic Committee of Congress. and most recently, as Chairman of the Con­ While it is much too soon to damn the HON. WILLIAM A. BARRETT servation, Energy and Natural Resources Sub­ new law for its inabillty to stem the tide OF PENNSYLVANIA committee. of blight and decay in our cities and towns or to provide shelter for those who cannot IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The decent home in a suitable living en­ vironment precept, in the past, has served house themselves, there are signs that the Thursday, September 25, 1975 as a successful "jumping off point" for politi­ tools we provided HUD are being blunted. Generally I have been pleased with the Mr. BARRETT. Mr. Speaker, one of cal ideologues. It's not that the Housing Committees in the House and Senate and the cooperation and efficiency exhibited over the the most active members of the Housing people in the Executive branch lack partisan past year by the Department of Housing and and Community Development Subcom­ feelings. But, historically, parochial politics Urban Development in implementing one mittee, which I have the honor of chair­ have been largely submerged when the Con­ half of the Act-the community develop­ ing, is my good friend and fellow dele­ gress and the Administration went to work ment block grant program. This good record with the start-up of a new and complex g'altion Member, BILL MOORHEAD. on national housing and community devel­ opment policy. program does not mean however that I am Last week, the Pennsylvania Associa­ yet totally satisfied with implementation ot tion of Housing and Redevelopment Of­ This held true for the first dozen years all the provisions of the new bill. ficials honored BILL for his outstanding I was on the Housing Subcommittee. Unfor­ tunately it stopped when Richard Nixon be­ HUD regulations in some instances have work on the 1974 Housing and Com­ came President. His commitment to the 1949 impeded rather than expedited the process. munity Development Act and his other It is my belief that this transition from Act was non-existent. From 1968 through the older programs to block grants should efforts in the field of urban legislation, 1974, rhetoric replaced substance. Accusation by naming him Pennsylvania's Man of not impose hardships on localities which in replaced action. A vacuum ensued where be­ the past have demonstrated, through their the Year in Housing. fore there had been conciliation and com­ involvement with the categorical programs, From my firsthand experience, I promise. And a moratorium succeeded 30 a commitment to the problems of slum and know tha;t PAHRA could not have chosen years of federal participation in housing and blight elimination and prevention. a more worthy recipient for this year's community development activities. To this end, I have recently introduced In this sllghtly poisonec:latmosphere there honor than BILL MOORHEAD. H.R. 956'8, a bill to ease the transition from were those of us both in the Congress and the old categorical programs to the new The people of Pittsburgh are fortunate in the Administration who explored ways to to have a man of his caliber, experience, community development block grants. This bridge the gap and once again install the legislation will allow localities, at their op­ and dedication, representing them in the federal presence in urban housing and re­ tion, to exercise greater prerogatives in out­ House. newal programs. lining their transitional policies. I would like to include in the RECORD Feelings still ran pretty high though, as In short, this proposal wlll permit the at this time the speech the gentleman reflected in a remark I made to your national waiver of certain "non-cash credits" sched­ from Pittsburgh delivered at the annual conference meeting in Atlantic City on Sep­ uled for commitment under existing urban PAHRA coriference last week in Lan­ tember 23, 1973, when they were kind enough renewal projects. It has come to my atten­ caster, Pa., when he accepted his award: to invite me to address them on pending tion that m .any of these planned "credits" legislation. In REMARKS OF WILLIAM S. MOORHEAD are no longer necessary or valid. these After listening to then Secretary Jim Lynn cases, I believe, and my bill provides, that Jim Knox, ladies and gentlemen of PAHRA, wax eloquently about Nixon's hope that the local public agency and the local gov­ I want to extend to you my deepest appre­ cities and their residents would prosper and erning body should have the option of ciation for the honor you have accorded me be happy under his policies, I got up and waiving this credit so long as the affected this evening. said, "I realize that President Nixon is a locality agrees to make an equivalent fi­ With the economy suifering the slings and narrow constructionist when it comes to the "'Ilancial contribution to a community devel­ arrows of recession and the spectre of infla­ Constitution, but to take the broad mandate opment program area. tion once again rearing its ugly head, my col­ of the 1968 Housing Act and apply it only to On a broader transitional scale, hold harm­ leagues in the Congress and I have been two houses, one in San Clemente and the less communities continue to tell me that called some pretty pungent things by our other in Key Biscayne, is just a bit too the shift from their current grant to for­ constituents lately. narrow to me." mula. share in two years will present near I can assure you that being honored by The thunderous applause I received from insurmountable problems. you as Pennsylvania's Housing Man of the your colleagues that night more than made ThiS claim has been supported as the first Year is far and away the most agreeable. I am up for my distress at planting Nixon's rap year c-D applications arrive at HUD. proud that you consider my activities in Con- on Jim Lynn. While it is still premature, I believe the 30386 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 25, 1975 Congress will probably have to consider ex­ ances and reviving issues. And beginning to­ These are issues which I've discussed in tending the "hold-harmless-to-formula" morrow, events in Washington may just detail with Jay Goggin, Executive Director weaning process from the current three years breathe a great deal of life into those provi­ of the Pittsburgh Housing Authority, and to five years or more. sions of the 1974 Act which have been ig­ Jim Knox, his Allegheny County counterpart. While the problems with the community nored. The first revolves around the question, development block grants appear merely In the Emergency Housing Act of this year, what do you do with public housing projects mechanical, the obstacles to providing hous­ which was successfully vetoed by Gerald that soon will amortize under their 40 year ing for low and moderate income people un­ Ford, I authored a section directing that mortgage and then leave the safety of the der the Section 8 program seem gargantuan. $75 million in Section 8 contract authority federal umbrella? The Oongress, in going along with the be used for the conventional program. The These projects become property of the lo­ Administration's Section 8 program last year, Administration fought it in subcommittee, calities in which they are located. But in believed we were creating a construction pro­ fought it in the full committee, lost each many cases, these local governments are be­ gram that would-with a few pulls and time, and then vetoed the package which ing hard pressed to provide revenue for their tugs--be able to serve the same people being contained the language. current obligations. Can they extend their served by the older assisted housing pro­ Yet tomorrow, House and Senate conferees coffers to support public housing projects grams. meeting on the HUD Appropriations bill are that heretofore have had the financial sup• As insurance, we directed HUD to proceed expected to earmark $75 million for the port of the federal government? with the development of the Section 8 pro­ conventional program. Granted we won't begin to face this prob­ gram while telling them that "at least $150 I am told that HUD is willing to live with lem in a massive scale for another few years m1llion of the new authority should be used this new charge and will consider reopening or so but I believe we should begin now for contracts for housing to be owned by the conventional public housing program if thinking of the tate of these projects. public housing agencies and that not more the conference votes the money. . Should they be converted to Section 8's, than 50% of those funds should be for Sec­ The conferees also are expected to provide made co-ops? I don't have the answer. But tion 8 assistance." funds for Section 802 of the 1974 Act. This I do have the questions and I think it 1s Now that provision doesn't say 50 % deals with the federal guarantee of taxable important that they be answered. should be for Section 8. It says not more bonds issued by state housing finance As Jay Goggin pointed out to me in a letter than 50 % for the new program, with the agencies. recently, some of the older projects are be­ balance going to the conventional program. once again, HUD may do a turnabout on yond modernization. They should be removed Theoretically all $150 mill1on could have this issue and administer the program be­ and replaced. But where do you get the gone to the one housing program that has cause of the dismal prospects for new con­ money to replace them and what type of shown that it can house the poorest of the struction under the Section 8 program. A structure do you employ? poor. source of financing must be discovered for I realize that HUD 1s going to employ a As you know, that has been one element Section 8 or, for all intents and purposes, new management tool in determining the fu­ of the law HUD chose to ignore. Instead, there will be no federally subsidized program ture operating subsidies for local housing it promised that the Section 8 program for the poor. agencies. But we soon will reach a point would produce between 300,000 and 400,000 HUD always has contended that state where the operating costs of some of the units in fiscal year 1975. agencies present the best hope of front older projects-and I have several in my dis­ It just hasn't happened. money. And they do, if they could raise the trict--clictate their demolition and replace­ As you know, HUD has come nowhere money. Guaranteeing their bonds is proba­ ment. near reaching this figure, despite the exist­ bly the least expensive way to enhance the As important as tomorrow's appropriations ence of the necessary contract authority. state issues. And HUD is leaning toward do­ conference is to the immediate future of While Carla Hills' predictions of unit ap­ ing that. federal housing and community development provals get rosier each time she testifies, This is pertinent for you-not only for the policies, the planned inquiry of our Subcom­ the actual number of approvals slink along obvious reasons-but because if the program mittee is even more vital. at a totally unacceptable rate. called for in the 1974 Act proves successful, Frankly, my colleagues in the House and HUD now has processed applications for I believe that a federal guarantee for state Senate Committees are tired of seeing laws 40,000 nationally. This is an amazingly low finance agency bonds could probably be ex­ we write mismanaged and subverted by re­ number considering the Department's claim tended to local housing and development calcitrant bureaucrats. that it hoped to OK 10 times that number. agencies next year. We expect these hearings to bring to the And because of built-in disincentives-and Another provision in the appropriations attention of the Congress and the Nation departmental regulations-most units being package is ,new money for the Section 312 what is good about federal policy and person­ given Section 8 approvals are existing struC'­ rehab111tation loans. The Senate has approved nel at HUD . . . and what is bad. tures. While the few new projects coming $50 million for this purpose and is trying to We are motivated by the belief that Ad­ through the HUD mills are solely for the convince the Department to administer it in ministration officials currently directing elderly. parallel with community development block HUD-and that is not limited solely to Sec­ Pittsburgh has one of the finest, if not grants. I agree With the Senators who sug­ retary Hills-have allowed seven years of the best, HUD staff in the nation. It works gest that preservation is so very important, benign neglect to permanently blind them to efficiently with local officials and builders especially when times are so difficult for new their moral and legal responsibilities. and developers. But no matter how able it construction, that we should run a categori­ Federal housing and community develop­ is, that office has yet to approve one single cal program like this in conjunction with the ment policy cannot be a hodge-podge of lais­ new Section 8 project for families. more flexible block grant program. sez-faire and caveat emptor. That·s because it has yet to receive one The issues raised by the Appropriations Scandals, moratoriums, and caretaker re­ Viable proposal for a Section 8 family Committees are vital, because unlike author­ gimes, do not revitalize neighborhoods and project. izations, which I deal with, these bllls carry build needed housing. HUD's advertising in Pittsburgh for 500 program dollars. And the only way the Ad­ It wlll probably take a change of Admin­ Section 8 units has drawn some 35 proposals, ministration can avoid spending them is to istration to accomplish all that we believe representing almost 4,000 units. veto the bill or impound the money. should be done. But, until that time, I know Not one developer has submitted a family Veto is risky especially since there is a lot that I can pledge to you that the Committees proposal. The HUD guidelines for Section 8 at stake in the b111 that the Administration in Congress most concerned about the hous­ appear to cripple the possibility of success wants. And impoundments run afoul of new ing and development needs of our communi­ of the family program. laws which severely limit that practice and ties and their people will continue to strive Where will these poor families live? HUD's allow simple majority votes in Congress to for that decent home in a suitable environ­ only answer is to shrug its shoulders and force spending. ment for all American~ . Thank you. mumble some· drivel about the marketplace. While the Congress did not anticipate the Everyone interested in housing and com­ revenue crisis in New York, and its impact munity development matters will be watch­ on the bond market, we were able to see ing the conference with great concern for there is much at stake. that if the federal government did not get RETIRING ( ?) FRED BURKHARD behind the bond issues of state finance agen­ On another Washington note, in the next cies, there would be no major source of several weeks, the housing subcommittee will Section 8 front money. Consequently, we begin a major probe of federal housing, com­ HON. TIM LEE CARTER munity development and mortgage credit wrote that into the law. Yet HUD has re­ OF KENTUCKY fused this year to seek money for that programs. purpose. While the 1974 Act and its new programs IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES When you fail to provide necessary financ­ will get most of the attention, the entire Thursday, September 25, 1975 ing for your primary subsidized housing FHA apparatus will also be examined with an program and then refuse to build new units eye toward making major changes in the Mr. CARTER. Mr. Speaker, I have under an older program that has proved its role of FHA. known plain, honest, able and outspoken merit-the result is predictable. You have no During the course of our inquiry, I plan to Fred Burkhard for many years. Besides federally subsidized housing program. raise questions on matters which I believe being a tremendous newspaper editor, Fate has a strange way of reshaping alli- are of concern to you. he is an avid collector of Indian relics, September 25, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF IrnMARKS 80387 an orchardist, a sports fan, and one who or not. Looking back, Fred is proud of what comments pra1smg the way that the stands up for the good of his town and he and his paper, have done for Casey County. country has developed and matw·ed, it is "We have one of the most honest counties important that we also see the other side country without fear or favor. in Kentucky," he says. Our county is debt­ It is with a great deal of pleasure that free. In fact, the county has money in the of the fence. American's who visit the I include in the RECORD a dissertation on bank. We have honest law-enforcement offi­ mainland meet only selected peasants the life of this eminently successful and cers who work 24 hours a day. We have hon­ who are prepped to say specific things outgoing editor. est judges and honest office-holders. And we and that is all. No one is given the free have a secure county. Hell, we don't even rur.. of the country to actually talk to the (From the Liberty (Ky.) Courier-Journal, know there's a depression on. I think we've real people. Thus, we have a very dis­ Sept. 3, 1975] got one of the best school systems in Ken­ torted view of what is really happening RETmiNG (?) FRED BURKHARD tucky. The teachers are excellent, and there within China. are a. minimum of problems. What I mentioned makes this article (By Billy Reed) "I think I've done a great deal to hold this LmERTY, KY.-He was supposed to retire county together. We only print Casey County from Red Flag of great interest to all real as editor of the Casey County News a couple news, you know. Oh, I don't take all the cred­ China watchers. Red Flag is the Com­ of weeks ago, so why is FTed Burkhard still it for our improvements, mind you. But I munist Party's theoretical journal and pounding his typewrl ter there in the dlln. give the readers what I support and what I always preaches the party line. The cluttered sweatshop that serves as the news­ think they ought to know and let them make Communist Party was making a call for paper's city room, editorial offlce, library and up their own minds. Sometimes I don't cru­ unity and demanding, that the people do live-in Dempster Dumpster? sade for things, even if I'm for 'em, 'cause as they were told. Thus the references to "Aw, they haven't found a. replacement you can build up an opposition group. There "sabotage activities" by "class enemies" are times when you open your mouth, times yet," says Fred, breaking into his toothy in grin. "None of these young fellers are willin' when you keep it closed. very relevant to the overall picture of to work as hard as you've got to." "We've had pretty good county officials. the Communist giant. No matter what Of course, Fred Burkhard can't be re­ We sit down and discuss things, and they've image they present to the outside world, placed, even if they find a new person to been very co-operative news-wise. They at­ the Communist government is still sit at his desk. Hard-headed, stubborn and tempt to hide very little from me. If some­ plagued by revolutionaries who believe independent, Burkhard may be stronger and thing is confidential, then I keep it as such. that freedom is important and they are better-known than any politician in the And I believe in using a soft touch. If a coun­ willing to strike or fight to get it. county. When he answers the phone, it's ty official is getting out of line, then I kick simply with "Fred speaking," or "This is it around with him in person instead of [From the Washington Star, Aug. 12, 1975] Fred." (His wife and co-worker, Esther, an­ burning him in the press." INTERNAL PROBLEMS IN CHINA PROMPI' A CALL swers with, "This is Mrs. Fred.") Burkhard also has been known to use his FOR UNITY Says James L. Cravens, publisher of the "soft touch" to make a point in his capacity Central Kentucky News-Journal and a Fred­ as Casey County deputy coroner, as his friend (By Charles R. Smith) watcher since the days when he took pho­ Jim Cravens tells it. HoNG KoNG.--China faces serious inter­ tography under Fred in a Boy Scout course: "Once there was this 16-year-old speed nal problems which have prompted a stri­ "Casey County doesn't operate without demon who had just got his driver's license," dent call for unity and tougher leadership, Fred. They ask when it's gonna rain, and said Cravens. "It was apparent that he was according to political observers in Hong he tells 'em. A few years ago, a young news­ headed for a bad accident. One day Fred saw Kong. paper executive was in Fred's offlce, looking him go into the Liberty Grill, right there Among some of the problems which around. 'Mr. Burkhard,' he said, 'you said in next to the paper, so he got his book of death prompted the Communist party's theoretical last week's paper that it was gonna. rain certificates and caught him back in the pool journal, Red Flag, to issue a call for unity and it hasn't rained yet.' room. in its August issue, observers said, were: "FTed looked up from what he was doing "Fred sat the boy down and took out his Industrial strife that required military in­ and said, 'Did I say that? Well, by God, if book of death certificates and began asking tervention on a. large scale in at least one I said it, it's gonna happen.' And you know the boy what was his mother's maiden name province; disruption of railway serVices by what? That newspaper executive said it was and stuff like that. When the boy asked what disgruntled workers; a possible underground raining by the time he left Liberty that W86 going on, Fred said, 'Well, it's apparent movement in Peking attacking high-level afternoon." that you're gonna. meet with a tragic acci­ offlcials; disaffected young people resisting For 29 years, Fred Burkhard has been put­ dent, so I just thought I'd start collecting movement to the countryside and demanding ting out the Casey County News. He takes this information so I won't have to bother more voice in leadership councils. pictures, wrl tes all the news and used to your parents later.' You know, there never "To strengthen the party is a very im­ do all the editing, until he finally got some was any trouble with that boy after that." portant matter . . .'' the magazine said in help. His circulation has grown from 2,100 In 28 years, Fred and his wife have taken an article broadcast to domestic listeners in 1946 to a current press run of 6,075. In only a total of four weeks' vacation. Now, during the weekend by Peking Radio. "The his farewell column, Fred wrote: when his replacement is found, Fred in­ 54-year history of our party has proved that "There is not another town or county in tends to spend most of his time working in only by strengthening unity, achieving uni­ the state with a population near this with the peach and apple orchards on his so­ fied policy, unified planning, unified com­ that much oirculation. It may rank in the acre farm outside of town, and maybe play mand, unified action, can we develop and first 10 in America, or even in the first five. some golf and do a little fishing. He also will maintain the party's supreme leadership.'' "Once we were asked by a Louisville news­ work on a book about Casey County. The Red Flag article warned gravely of paperman how we accounted for such a large As he prepares to leave his desk and type­ factional disputes, jealousy, capitalist tend­ circulation, and we told them just about writer, Fred is glad that most of the people encies, lack of discipline and mll1tary­ everybody in Casey County was literate. He in the county st111 regard him as a good civilian rivalry that threatened to split the opened his mouth, but nothing came out in friend and good neighbor. party at all levels. Elements which create rebuttal.'' "I've always got about 20 per cent of the these problems must be dealt with severely, At Berea College, where he graduated in population mad at me, hut, fortunately it's it said. 1935, Fred majored in biology, and he says a revolVing 20 per cent," says Fred. "There's It may be only a minor development, but that background has been invaluable in maybe only five people I don't bother to one of the latest indications of dissent was helping him relate to the farmers of Casey speak to, and I can't even remember all five the appearance of letters and handbills in County. Before coming here in 1946, he of them. All of 'em are oddballs, anyway. As Peking atta0king some high-level party and taught school at the Pine Mountain Settle­ many times as I've been chewed out, I guess military leaders. They were mailed to foreign ment School, worked for a magazine pub­ 30 per cent came back to apologize. They diplomatic missions in the capital, appar­ lishing firm in Louisville and ran the Bethel know that Fred's always got Casey County's ently by disgruntled Chinese citizens. College press in Chanute, Kansas. best interests at heart." In another weekend d <,velopment, party He bought the paper for $15,000 and got leaders in troubled Chekiang Province warned into his first scrape over a cat that hung that elements fomenting industrial unrest around the office, of all things. The cat ag­ INTERNAL PROBLEMS IN CHINA would be "ruthlessly" suppressed. gravated Fred, so one day he took it and During the past month, thousands of threw it in the stove. "Fred grieved about troops have been sent to factories througp­ that as soon as he did it," said Jim Cravens, HON. PHILIP M. CRANE out the east coast province to maintain order "but the Humane Society got all over him, and keep production going. OF ILLINOIS and the grand jury was ready to indict him. A weekend report, by Nationalist China's That's about the only serious scrape he ever IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Central News Agency, claimed that "large­ got in." Thursday, September 25, 1975 scale rioting'" occurred in late July along Although he has only twice endorsed po­ the border of Yunnan and Szechuan prov­ litical candidates, Fred seldom ralls to take Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, as many of inces in southwest China. The unconfirmed a stand on issues. The only criterion he our elected officials ret r9m the Peo- report said several of the r•oters--mostly de­ applies is whether it's good for the county ple's Republic of Chi h glowing mobilized soldiers and students unhappy 30388 EXTENSIONS OF R£MARKS September 25, 1975 at being sent to work in the countryside­ As for South Africa, even the violently blockade. Ian Smith stlll rules Rhodesia. The were kllled or wounded when troops opened anti-Rhodesian Manchester Guardian has 200,000 whites who support him are no more fire on them. stated that "Rhodesia's inequities" "are only inclined toward surrendering their power Travelers returning from China also re­ a pale reflection of those in South Africa." 8 than they were in 1967. He recently won ported that train traffic has been disrupted The London Economist says of black Rhode­ reelection by a landslide. tn scattered areas throughout the country sians: "They are certainly better off finan­ In both these cases the "moral" founda­ for the past few months. Official reports cially than most black Africans south of the tions of American policy have been, at best, referred to "sabotage activities" by "class Sahara and, except for South African gold­ questionable. We have continued to trade all enemies." miners, they earn more money in real terms the while with nations whose internal poli­ than the black South Africans." 9 cies are just as foreign to our concept of So much for the "superior" morality of democracy as those of Cuba and Rhodesia. RHODESIAN CHROME AND THE U.S. the other two main sources of chrome in the Other nations did not take either sanc­ CONSUMER world. A look at the rest of the world is also tions campaign very seriously. According in order to put the U.N.'s code of morals in to The Economist of London black African clearer perspective. states such as Zaire, Zambia and Botswana HON. RICHARD H. ICHORD According to Hal Sheets of the Carnegie continue to trade with Rhodesia.18 On April OF MISSOURI Endowment for International Peace, General 18, 1975 the London Daily Telegraph stated Amin of Uganda has murdered 90,000 of his flatly that "Russia entered the interna­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES own citizens since coming to power in 1971.10 tional black market for Rhodesian chrome Thursday, September 25, 1975 The U.N. has found nothing wrong with in 1972.'' 19 Fortune magazine reported in this. In July "Big Daddy" Amin 1s scheduled 1971 that even the People's Republic of Mr. !CHORD. Mr. Speaker, under to become Chairman of the Organization of China was importing large amounts of Rho­ leave to extend my remarks in the African Unity.u desian chrome.ao A recent U.N. report accuses RECORD, I include the following: On March 14, 1974 columnist Jack Ander­ Japan of importing almost 200,000 tons of [From the American Coalition, son reported that the government of Rhodesian chrome in 1972.21 The South New York, N.Y.] Burundi "over the past two years has en­ African Rana Daily Mail pointed out in De­ gaged in mass genocide on a scale the world cember 1974 that Japanese and French cars RHODESIAN CHROME AND THE U.S. CONSUMER {1975) has not seen since Adolf Hitler tried to wipe were cheaper in Rhodesia than in South out the Jews in World War II." u The U.N. Africa.22 On June 30, 1973 the respected A blll has been introduc~d in the U.S. found nothing wrong with this. The U.N. Africa Research Bulletin of London re­ House of Representatives that seeks to cut also found nothing wrong with the fact that ported evidence of massive sanctions break­ America off from 67% of the world's reserves the majority of Burundi's citizens, the Hutus, Ing by West Germany, Japan, Austria, Bel­ of metallurgical grade chromite ore. We urge were ruled by another tribe, the Tutsi, which gium, Israel, Norway and Denmark.23 the defeat of this piece of legislation (H.R. excluded them from the government as well As for the Cuban sanctions, they were con­ 1287). We b,ave prepared this pamphlet to as killing them.13 In December 1973 the U.N. sidered such a joke by the international give in detan our reasons why. General Assembly endorsed a resolution pro­ community that even Fascist Spain con­ I. CHROME; A GENERAL DESCRIPTION posed by Burundi which condemned Israel tinued to trade with Castro. Stainless steel is essential to a modern in­ for "racism" .14 By supporting the sanctions America has dustrial society due to its abi11ty to resist In the Mideast the U.N. has yet to find any­ hurt its own economy and thus the U.S. corrosion. Over half the chrome used in thing wrong with the atrocities of Arab ter­ consumer. Our refusal to buy chrome from America ends up in stainless steel. As the rorists. It refused to condemn the massacre Rhodesia forced us to turn to the Soviet National Materials Advisory Board states: of the Israel athletes in Munich. It re­ Union. The Russians took advantage of this "It should be emphasized that for its fused to condemn the murder of 18 unarmed situation to not only raise their prices but major use-stainless steel-chromium is civilians at Qiryat Shemona. It refused to to actually lower the quality of their ex­ unique; unlike nickel or molybdenum which condemn the cold-blooded slaughter of 16 ports.24 Our refusal to buy sugar from Cuba have alternates to perform the desired func­ Israeli schoolchildren at Maalot. caused us to buy sugar from the Philippines tion, there is no other element which can be When the U.N. spoke out on violence in at a much greater cost. used as a substitute for chromium. Stainless the Mideast it was to condemn the Israells­ The repeal of the sanctions against Cuba steel cannot be made without chromiUin." 1 not the terrorists. On April 24, 1974 the U.N. as called for in Representative Harrington's In terms of chrome the U.S. is a "have­ Security Council passed Resolution 347 con­ bill (H.R. 2681) would bring down the pres­ not" nation. Our reserves are so small as to demning Israel for raiding camps used by ent high price of sugar. The repeal of the be practically worthless, and as a result we terrorists in Lebanon.15 Under orders from sanctions against Rhodesian chrome in 1971 have to import almost 100% of our needs.a President Nixon the American ambassador did the same with that material.25 Of the chrome used in America 23% ends up cast a.n affirmative vote for this proposa1.1o The use of trade as a weapon has tended to in construction, 17% in transportation, 16% Was Mr. Nixon expressing the wishes of antagonize rather than intimidate those in machinery and equipment and 15% in the U.S. Congress in voting as he did? Does against whom it has been used. We have refractory products.a Congress now have a "commitment" to con­ quite rightly objected to the Arabs use of What the Mideast is to oil, southern Africa demn Israel? Should Congress feel a "com­ this tactic in their campaign against Israel. is to chrome, only more so. The Republic of mitment to the U.N. sanctions against Rho­ Does it make much sense for us to turn South Africa has 74% of the world's chrome desia because President Johnson vo.ted for around and use it against Cuba and Rho­ reserves, followed by Rhodesia with 22%. them in 1966? desia? Shouldn't America.n foreign policy be However, the majority of the world's reserves' Shouldn't the U.S. Congress feel free to talking about scrapping sanctions against of metallurgical chrome, the kind most eco­ judge issues on their own merits? Isn't it foreign countries rather than imposing nomical for the production of stainless steel, time the U.N. was made to impose a consist­ them? Can the American consumer -really are in Rhodesia with 67%, followed by South ent code of international law? Isn't it time afford to pay for this kind of diplomacy? Africa with 22% and the Soviet Union with the U.N. was made to honor the principles IV. IS THE SOVIET UNION A RELIABLE SOURCE OF 6% .' Chrome is more heavily concentrated in of its own charter rather than halllng peo­ SUPPLY? one area than any other major mineral on ple like Yassir Arafat, who just recently Assuming we are not going to boycott the earth. claimed "credit" for the murder of 16 tour­ three major chrome nations because of our ll. THE MORAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE U.N. ists in a small Tel Aviv hotel? 17 differences with their internal policies, it SANCTIONS Until the U.N. does live up to its own seems logical to examine the chrome ques­ Rhodesia is the only country in the world charter, do we really have to go along with tion from a practical point of view. facing U.N. sanctions. Thus, if the U.N. is the Security Council Resolutions such as Is the Soviet Union a reliable trading part­ to be our moral yardstick, as some in Amer­ Number 347? Do we really have to punish ner? In December 1974 the National Security ica claim it should be, Rhodesia must be seen our own economy by buying chrome from Council and the Council on International as the worst nation on this planet. Yet is the Soviet Union at inflated prices "because Economic Policy stated that the Soviet Union this really the case? the U.N. says so"? could not be counted on to maintain a con­ Secretary of State Kissinger has . stated Ill. SANCTIONS: AN EFFECTIVE METHOD tinuous flow of chrome ore to the U.S.26 Ac­ that the Soviet Union is no closer to democ­ OF DIPLOMACY cording to U.S. News ana Worla Report in racy than Rhodesia.t; According to Dr. Andrei Sanctions do not have a good record of 1972, the Soviets had, by that time, broken Sakharov, the father of the Soviet H-Bomb, accomplishing their goals. Napoleon's Con­ 24 out of 25 agreements signed with us dur­ t:ttere are 1,700,000 people in Soviet concen­ tinental System failed to break Britain. The ing the seven previous summit meetings.27 tration camps today.6 Alexander Solzhenitsyn League- of Nations sanctions against fascist In 1973 they broke within months their has charged that much of the Soviet mining Italy drove Mussolini closer to Hitler rather promise at San Clemente to keep the peace industry, if not all of it, was built by slave than out of Ethiopia. throughout the world. Not only did they fail to warn us of the impending Mideast war labor,7 and no western observers have been In our time the two best examples of allowed to visit the Soviet chrome mines to but once it began, the Politburo sent out sanctl~ns are Cuba and Rhodesia. In both messages urging other Arab states to join in verify that this is not the case right now. cases they failed. Castro stlll rules Cuba. the fray against Israel.28 Radio Moscow re­ There are no serious elections. Civil Uberties joiced at the Arab oil embargo and encour­ Footnotes at end of article. are nonexlste at the beginning of the aged them to keep it up as long e.s POSS:ible.2D September 25, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 30389 The Russians even threatened their own oil Needless to say it is cheaper to process a the major Inineral resources they control embargo against Iceland unless it closed raw material near its source than thousands shows why. down its vital NATO airbase.30 Meanwhile, as of miles away. Thus the processing industries In the case of cobalt large reserves exist in Newsweek put it, "The only country besides of the producing countries will be able to Australia, New Caledonia and Canada as well the United States that ofiered Israel aid was undercut the processing industries of the as Zambia and Zaire." It may soon be possible the government of South Africa." at Thus. consuming countries. It is also important to to mine the huge amounts that lie on the sea the recent mideast crisis found South Africa note that it is more profitable to export a fioor.45 Furthermore, as a special commission and the United States on one side and the semi-finished product than a raw material of the European Common Market points out, Soviet Union on the other. Is it not fair to so the producers are likely to emphasize the there are many materials that can be sub­ conclude from their recent behavior that export of the former at the expense of the stituted for cobalt should the need arise.te South Africa is a more reliable source for a latter in the future. What all this means is a (This is not true in the case of chrome.) strategic raw material than the Soviet Union? change in the world economic order. It means In the case of manganese Gabon's reserves Does it make sense to regard the Soviet Union more money floWing from the more advanced are equalled by those of Brazil and South as a more reliable trading partner than Rho­ nations toward the developing world. Africa,47 and manganese may also soon be desia, a country which ofierep. us material The rise of the Rhodesian ferrochromium be mined from the sea floor .48 Furthermore, support during our dark days in Vietnam? 82 industry is part of this change. It is not due there is a current excess mining capacity From a practical point of ~lew wouldn't it to "slave labor" as supporters of H.R. 1287 among the world's major producers.te make more sense to end chrome imports from claim. According to the London Economist At present Guinea's large bauxite reserves the Soviet Union if we are going to imple­ the black workers of Rhodesia are among the are not important to us since we do not im­ ment a boycott? highest paid in Africa.ss The price difierence port much of this material from Guinea.oo comes from the low costs of transportation Even if we did it is important to keep in mind V. THE CHROME STOCKPILE: CAN WE AFFORD TO that Australia has just as much bauxite as DUMP rr? and the cheap hydro-electric power generated by the Kariba Dam. Guinea.6l · Backers of H .R . 1287 claim that America Contrary to Senator McGee's totally falla­ can afiord to end chrome imports from Rho­ Cutting America ofi from chrome and fer­ rochromium from Rhodesia Will not save the cious claim during the 1973 Senate debate 52 desia because we have an overabundance of we do not get most of our copper from Zam­ this mineral in our strategic stockpile right U.S. ferrochromium industry. South Africa is engaged in a massive expansion of its fer­ bia. The overwhelming majority of our im­ now. ports come from Canada, Chile, and Peru.63 To substantiate this argument they point rochromium facilities. It's unlikely the Rus­ sians Will stay out of such a profitable busi­ Furthermore, America has the largest copper to Richard Nixon's plan to reduce the U.S. reserves in the world.64 They supply 90% of stockpile of metallurgical grade chromite ness for long. Sanctions failed to help the U.S. ferrochromium industry in the past. our current demands.5S ore to 445,000 tons. They do not mention Though Nigeria represented 17.5% of U.S. that Senator John Sparkman, Chairman of While they were in effect, the U.S. production of ferrochromium fell from 313,793 short tons oil imports for the first six months of 1974,58 the Joint Congressional Committee on De­ this country is in no position to wage eco­ fense Production, called this proposal "an in 1967 to 244,030 short tons in 1971,39 the last year of the sanctions. The repeal of the nomic warfare. It has the largest population excellent example of the willingness of the in Africa--nearly 80 million according to the Executive branch to rely heavily on foreign sanctions raised U.S. ferrochromium produc­ latest census.57 A large number of these peo­ sources of supply or unrealistic estimates of tion to 304,952 tons in 1974.to It's difficult to ple are starving, and the country as a whole domestic production for meeting military and see how their restoration will be of much has still not recovered from the ravages of civilian requirements." 33 help in this area of the economy. the recent civil war. Nigeria needs all the In 1974 America. consumed 894,708 tons VII. RHODESIAN SANCTIONS AND U.S. money it can earn from the sale of its oil. of metallurgical grade chromite ore. If the UNEMPLOYMENT We should also keep in mind that Nigeria stockpile is reduced according to Mr. Nixon's While it's unlikely that the passage of H.R. does not represent a large percentage of the plans there will not be enough chrome on 1287 would do much good for workers in the world's total oll reserves. It has 3% of the hand to last h alf a year at the present rate American ferrochromium industry, there is world's total supply of petroleum.68 of consumption. serious evidence that this bill would be a On the other hand, Rhodesia and South As of January 1, 1975 there were 1,962,000 disaster for workers in the U.S. stainless steel Africa control almost all the chrome in the tons of u sable metallurgical grade chromite industry. According to a detailed study of worldr-96%. Together they cont rol 89 % of ore in the national stockpile.34 This should the situation by the Center for Advanced In­ the world's reserves of metallurgic&! chrome, be kept. There are no serious natural re­ ternational Studies at the University of Mi­ and Rhodesia alone controls 67 %.59 All the serves of chrome on the North American ami, a renewal of U.S. sanctions against Rho­ black African states together do not control mainland. If we ever ran out of this m aterial desia would reduce the amount of work in any major mineral so completely. While there during a war it would h ave to be import ed by the American stainless steel industry by are viable alternatives for every major min­ sea from countries thousands of miles away. 2,000,000 manhours. eral we get from black Africa, there are no Chrome is vita.l to the health of a modern Thus, it is likely that the passage of H.R. long range viable alternatives for the chrome industrial economy. 1287 would accentuate the worst aspects of from southern Africa. Thus, if we had to We should also remember that the stock­ the present "stagflation". It would incrt>ase choose between trade with black Africa and pile has economic as well as strategic signifl.­ both inflation and unemployment. trade with southern Africa, the choice would cance. It's the best guarantee we have against have to be in favor of southern Africa. arbitrary rises in t he prices chrome exporters VIII. V/ILL TRADE WITH SOU THERN AFRICA LEAD Furthermore, we should not allow Ameri­ choose to charge us. It gives us the option to TO EMBARGOES FROM BLACK AFRICA? can policy to be changed by foreign economic refuse to purchase chrome that is not offered This is a possibility but not a very likely blackman. Rather than dumping raw mate­ at a reasonable price. one. In the eyes of black Africa the U.S. is rial stockpiles as Nixonomics decried to cover The Arab oil embargo and the subsequent not the ma.jor violator of the sanctions. At up a failure to fight inflation, we should price rise by fiat of the OPEC cartel have the annual meeting of th~ Organization of build up stockpiles of raw materials we lack shown the dangers of not maintaining ade­ African Unity in 1974 Japan was named as at home and institute a strict recycling pro­ quate stockpiles of critical imported mate­ the "most notorious sanctions buster." gram to make the most efficient use of what rials. In the case of chrome the supporters France was labeled as the second biggest vil­ we do import. We should try to diversify our of H .R. 1287 have apparently chosen to ig­ lain.41 The black African states do not like sources of raw nw.terials giving particular nore these dangers. Can the American people the fact that in 1971 America joined Switzer­ preference to those nations who pursue gen­ afford to do likewise? land and South Africa in openly repudiating erally friendly policies toward the U.S. Ap­ VI. FERROCHROMI UM AND RHODESIA the U.N. sanctions but they are well aware peasement has never been a very good meth­ of who is doing the most sanctions breaking. od of dealing with aggression-be it military The main end use of chrome in America is The black states have shown little inclina­ stainless steel. Metallurgical grade chromite or economic. tion to go beyond rhetoric in punishing west­ IX. CONCLUSION ore cannot be turned directly into stainless ern states for thir trade with southern Africa. steel. It must first be turned into ferro­ France, for instance, has very good relations Should the House vote to impose sanctions chromium. with black Africa. French corporations today on Rhodesian chrome, it will be engaging In what The Washington Star-News has quite One of the major economic trends of our dominate the Nigerian auto industry.42 Yet time is the move by developing countries to France is also the major supplier of foreign rightly called an "exercise in selective moral­ ity".60 Can a morality that is selective be process the raw materials they export, thus arms to South Africa 43 as well as a violator generating more foreign exchange. This is of the Rhodesian sanctions. much of a morality at all? Does anyone real­ ly believe that the Soviet Union is morally apparent in the Mideast where the oil ex­ Even if the black states chose to punish porters are involved in a major refinery America for its trade with Rhodesia they superior to Rhodesia? building program.a.; It is apparent in Africa would not be in a very good position to do so. While we are not only trading with the and the Caribbean where Guinea 36 and Ja­ Unlike Arab states like Saudi Arabia and Russians but also granting them massive maica 37 have announced plans to build huge Kuwait the mineral-rich black African states low-interest credits and, at one point, even plants that will convert bauxite intO alumina need every penny of the revenues they earn offerin!!; to sell them pollee equipment to for export. Rhodesia and South Africa have !or internal development. They could not help them crush domestic dissent,n can we followed this trend. Both have built major very well afiord a campaign of economic war­ really find a "moral" argument !or not trad­ ferrochromium plants. fare against the U.S. ing with Rhod.es1a? Is it logical to consider Furthermore, 1! they mounted such a proj­ the Soviet Union a rellable source for a Footnotes at end of article. ect, it would not be very effective. A look at strategic raw material when it breaks agree- EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 25, 1975 ments with us within months ot signing ts Newsweek, 24 June 1974. about the last two. Their meeting took place them? Is it practical to cut the U.S. consum­ ' 9 The National Security Council and the over dinner in Dr. Kissinger's suite at the er off 67% of the world's reserves of metal­ Council and the Council on International Waldorf Hotel, New York, on September 5. lurgical chrome? Should we fuel the present Economic Policy, op. cit., p. 33. Dr. Kissinger had returned that morning high rate of inflation in America by actions 00 U.S. Department of Commerce, Imports­ from the Middle East and was anxious to in­ which will most surely drive up the price Commodity by Country, December 1973. fqrm his three principal colleagues about the of a commodity we import? We think not. 01 U.S. Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearbook- situation there. However, the conversation We most strongly urge the House to kill the 1971, Volume ITI, p. 35. seems to have moved on fTom there to Portu­ Rhodesian chrome bill when it reaches the 52 The Congressional Record, 18 December ~1-where the situation was then graver floor. 1973, p. S23195. than it is now-and thence to Spain, Italy, FOOTNOTES 63 U.S. Department of Commerce, op. cit. and Yugoslavia. 1 The National Materials Advisory Board. 5' The Morgan Guaranty Survey, March The general conclusion, which seems to Trends in Usage oj Chromium, 1970, p. 35. 1974. have been unanimous, was that in spite of 2 TIME, 28 January 1974. 65 The New York Times, 22 April 1974. the benign formalities of the Helsinki Con­ 8 U.S. Bureau of Mines Bulletin 650, 1970, Ge The Washington Post, 24 October 1974. ference on Security and Coopemtion in Eu­ p. 254. 67 The Manchester Guardian (weekly Inter­ rope, the Warsaw Pact states (East Germany, 'Ibid., p. 251. national Edition), 12 October 1974. Czechoslovakia, and the Soviet Union in par­ 5 Testimony before the Senate Finance 58 The Oil and Gas Journal, 30 December ticular) were stlll intent on nurturing com­ Committee, 7 March 1974. 1974. munism in western Europe by all available 6 Andrei Sakharov, Sakharov Speaks, Knopf, 69 U.S. Bureau of Mines, Bulletin 650, 1970, means. One example was the money (about 4 N.Y., 1974, p. 45. p. 251. million pounds a month) supplied to the 60 1 The Daily Telegraph (London), 7 June The Washington Star-News, 21 December Portuguese Communists. 1974. 1973. The cold war was being resumed, the min­ 8 The Manchester Guardian (Weekly Inter­ 61 The New York Ttmes, 18 July 1974. isters recognised, at a time when two more national Edition), 22 March 1975. or less absolute rulers-Franco and Tito­ 11 The Economist (London), 16 November were about to die without obvious heirs, 1974. when the Italian Communists were within 1o The New York Times, 4 August 1974. SOVIETS RENEW THE COLD WAR reach of power for the first time in post-war u The Washittgton Post, 18 March 1975. history, and whlle Portugal was st111 in a STATE WESTERN FOREIGN MIN­ state of political turmoil. 12 Jack Anderson in The New York Post, ISTERS 14 March 1974. Underlying their discussion was the ques­ 13 Roger Morris, Passing By-The Untted tion none of the four ministers felt able to States and Genocide tn Burundi 1972. The HON. LARRY McDONALD answer-why do the Warsaw Pact countries Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. keep so many men under arms and so many 1974. OF GEORGIA ships in commission? u The Washington Post, 6 July 1974. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Among the possib111ties arising out of the Yugoslav case was the establishment of a 15 United Nations Office of Public Informa- Thursday, September 25, 1975 tion, U.N. Monthly Chronicle, May 1974, p. 34. Soviet naval base in the Adriatic. This, ac­ cording to naval sources, would multiply 16 The New York Times, 25 April 1974. Mr. McDONALD of Georgia. Mr. enormously the range and therefore the ef­ 17 TIME, 17 March 1975. Speaker, the foreign ministers of Brit­ fectiveness of the Soviet Navy's Mediter­ 18 The Economist (London), 16 November ain, France, and West Germany met in 1974. ranean squadron, now based in the Black New York on September 5 with the Sec­ · Sea. or else-precariously-in Syria. There is 111 The Daily Telegraph (London). 18 April retary of State discuss the threat 1975. to also the long-standing American conviction posed by the reopening of the cold war that if Communists were to join the Italian 20 Fortune, April 1971. Government NATO would no longer be free 21 The Financial Times (London), 2 July of subversion in Western Europe by the 1974. Soviet Union. to transfer resources from Greek bases, now 22 At a time when the Soviet-sponsored at risk, to Italian ones. The Rand Daily Mail, 10 December 1974. other worrying stategic considerations con­ 28 The Africa Research Bulletin (London), "peace" apparatus in the West is in­ cern Spain and Portugal. If Portugal were to 30 June 1973. creasing its strident calls for disanna­ 2 leave NATO, as may ye·t happen, the U.S. ' The National Materials Advisory Board, ment, it is significant that "underlying op. cit., p. 16. base in the Azores would be in jeopardy. Un­ 25 their discussion was the question none less the Azores became independent, which U.S. Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearbook must remain a possibility, the U.S. Air Force and Mineral Industry Surveys. of the four ministers felt able to an­ would no longer be able to ferry supplies to 20 The National Security Council and the swer-why· do the Warsaw Pact coun­ tries keep so many men under arms and Israel. Council on International Economic Policy, The U.S. bases ·in Spain would only be Special Report: Critical Imported Materials, so many ships in commission?" Perhaps jeopardised in the event of a chaotic sequel December 1974, p. 17. for use against Yugoslavia, Spain, Fin­ to Franco's death. The Russians are known zr U.S. News and World Report, 29 May 1972. land, in the Middle East. 28 to fear that, under American pressure, Spain The New York Times, 16 October 1973. I commend the article to the urgent may be admitted to NATO and to have 211 Victor Zorza in The Washington Post, 20 attention of my colleagues: threatened reprisals if this were to happen. November 1973; The New York Times, 13 SOVIETS RENEW THE COLD WAR STATE However, that possibility at least is far­ March 1974. fetched because Norway, Denmark, the Neth­ 30 CBS News, 8 February 1974. WESTERN FOREIGN MINISTERS 1 erlands, and Britain would veto Spain's ad­ 3 Newsweek, 5 November 1973. The Soviet Union has reopened the cold 81 mission. British sources have emphasised, Rhodesian Information Service, 15 Febru­ war not just in Portugal but with attempts however, that there is no way of knowing ary 1966. at subversion in at least three other areas 83 what might happen in Spain after Franco's Joint Committee on Defense Production, of Western Europe. ' death or in Yugoslavia after Tito's. Any al­ U.S. Congress, 1974 Annual Report, p. 36. This is the considered joint opinion of the 3 ternative government to Franco's has been ' John L. Morning, U.S. Bureau of Mines, foreign ministers of Britain, the U.S., France suppressed for so long that the strength of April 30, 1975. and Germany. At a recent pr-ivate meeting the factions which are bound to join the 35 The New York Times, 31 March 1975. in New York, Mrs. Callaghan, Dr. Kissin­ 36 struggle for power when he dies or retires The Wall Street Journal, 18 February ger, M. Sauvagnargues, and Dr. Genscher re­ must defy measurement. 1975. viewed together the following "worse-case" 7 3 The Times (London), 15 April 1975. possibiUties: 38 The Economist (London), 16 November One-A Soviet intervention in Yugoslavia 1974. following the death of Tito. 39 U.S. Bureau of Mines, Minerals Yearbook, Two-The election of Communists to po­ HON. EARLE CABELL Mineral Industry Surveys-1967 to 1971. sitions of power in Italy. 0 ' U.S. Bureau of Mines, Mineral Indu.stry Three-Civil disorder or worse in Spain Surveys, 1974. following the death of Franco. tt The Times (London), 10 June 1974. Four-A Communist-dominated govern­ HON. OMAR BURLESON 2 ' Ibid., 25 January 1975. ment in Portugal, or one too weak to resist OF TEXAS 3 ' Africa Report, January-February 1975. a Communist-led trade union movement. 4 IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES ' U.S. Bureau of Mines, Commodity Data Five-Soviet intervention or subversion in Summaries, January 1972, p. 39. Finland following the death of President Wednesday, September 24, 1975 w Newsweek, 24 June 1974. Kekkonen. 46 Commission of the European Communi­ Six-Renewed Soviet intervention in Ber­ Mr. BURLESON of Texas. Mr. Speak­ ties, The Community's Supplies of Raw Ma­ lin. er, it is indeed a sad time when news terials, Brussels, 5 February 1975, p. 20a. The four foreign ministers seem to have comes of the passing away of a dear 47 U.S. Bureau of Mines, Commodity Data been unanimous about the seriousness of friend. Many of you remember Earle Summaries, January 197~. p. 89. the first four possibilities but were less sure Cabell when he was our colleague as fur- September 25, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 00391 Dishing able and dedicated leadership harness the powers of governments to im­ China, we also have no reason to carry here in this House of Representatives. pose it on all? on the SEATO charade. Earle Cabell was one of the most un­ President Ford has taken some grave polit­ ical rtsks in recognizing this problem. He And yet SEATO should not be let pass selfish men I ever knew. His entire na­ recently told a group of businessmen that without recognizing the lessons it should ture was that of rendering capable public the "force" of government "often does more have taught. It proved by the great sac­ service. Before he entered Congress, he harm than good!' He said "over a period of rifices it demanded from us that there was mayor of the city of Dallas, Tex., 90 years we have erected a massive federal are definite limits to the scope of our where he left an enviable record. As a regulatory structure encrusted with con­ interference in the world at large. Also, successful businessman in Dallas, he was tradictions, excesses and rules that have out­ it stands as an example of the futility a civic leader and devoted a large part lived any conceivable value." There is more hope now than there has been for a long time of the beliefs held by Mr. Dulles that the of his time to making his community a for a change toward freedom. fate of this Nation could be risked by better place in which to live. He had that Is there any way the wm of the people can commitments far beyond its capability same goal and purpose here in the U.S. prevail over the edicts of a powerful and to fulfill. Congress. He wanted America to be a "blameless" government? If a citizen makes Now SEATO, after 21 tough years, is better place in which to live and con­ a mistake government wlll punish him. If becoming a thing of the past. It goes tributed greatly toward those ends. government makes a mistake it is rarely without any evident regrets in Asia and punished and too often lives on perpetually Earle Cabell's wife Dearie, as she is and uncha.nged. Europe and only with bitter memories fondly known by her friends, is remem­ I'm tired of collecting and paying taxes here. The best that can be said for it bered by those of us who knew both of for the government. I'm tired of filling out at this late date is that it may in the them well as a delightful and endearing forms, questionnaires, reports, surveys and future serve to show what can happen person, and to her I join with friends in mandatory paperwork. I'm tired of the fed... when a country places its own interests expressing deepest sympathy and wish­ eral arm poking into every nook and cranny secondary to those of others and by this ing for her God's comfort in her great of by business. I'm tired of making decisions prevent for coming Americans a revival not on the basts of common sense, but on loss. the basis of tax laws and federal regulations. of the world leadership idealism which Some laws, though costly, are necessary, no so misled Mr. Dulles. doubt about it-but that is not to say that all BIG GOVERNMENT-STILL regulations imposed on us are either neces­ GROWING sary or beneficial. Two hundreds years ago the colonies which CITIZENSHIP AND THE LONG ISLAND are the foundation of our potentially great COAST HON. JAMES ABDNOR nation rebelled against a distant and OF SOUTH DAKOTA unresponsive monarch. Today many of their IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES descendants believe the time has come again HON. NORMAN F. LENT for people to speak out against unreasonable Thursday, September 25, 1975 and oppressive legislation, rather than OF NEW YORK meekly submit to every whim of every IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mr. ABDNOR. Mr. Speaker, on Au­ bureaucre.t. gust 14, 1975, Publisher Glenn Gering Thursday, September 25, 1975 of the Freeman, S. Dak. Courier wrote Mr. LENT. Mr. Speaker, the Congress of his discontent-- discontent shared by is now in the process of considering leg­ millions of other Americans-with the ANOTHER MONUMENT TOPPLES islation to revise the Coastal Zone Man­ "growing big government" we are seeing agement Act of 1972. As a member of today. I would like to share his comments the Committee on Merchant Marine and with my colleagues: HON. JOSEPH M. GAYDOS Fisheries, I attach great importance to BIG GOVERNMEN~TILL GROWING OF PENNSYLVANIA this legislation, particularly for the peo­ Has Big Government finally grown beyond IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ple in our coastal areas who will be most the realm of reason? involved in these programs. How can government originally founded to Thursday, September 25, 1975 My constituents on Long Island are be "of the people, by the people and for the vitally concerned with the preservation people" reach the point where many of its Mr. GAYDOS. Mr. Speaker, another regulations become contradictory, oppressive monument to the meddling foreign pol­ and improvement of our coastal lands and unnecessary? icies of the late Secretary of State John and waters. Our citizens are deeply com­ Why have we reached the point where Foster Dulles is crumbling away without mitted to enhancing our marine environ­ Washington bureaucrats are in a position much attention being paid to it either ment. to overrule local planning and zoning of wet­ here or in the rest of the world. And while the State of New York, the lands, golf courses, schools and institutions? I refer to the Southeast Asia Treaty New England River Basins Commission, How can it be that a government which is the Nassau-Su1Iolk Regional Planning unable to balance its own budget and lives Organizatlon-8EATO-which Mr. Dul­ far beyond its means, has the authority to tell les hastily brought into being back in Board, and the local governments on a businessman whom he must hire, how the Eisenhower era as a means of con­ Long Island have done much to solve our much he must pay, how long the work week taining communism in that troubled environmental problems, many private must be, and where and for how much he area so far away. citizens of Long Island, through countless may sell his products? He enlisted us in it and, in the busy and often thankless hours of voluntary What strange series of events has made airborne diplomacy which he pursued, effort,~ have also accomplished mighty every businessman and the farmer who hires things. They deserve more attention and occasional help an arm of the federal tax­ managed to get the signatures also of collecting service? Britain, France, Australia, New Zealand, the public's gratitude. Why is it that the law of supply and Pakistan, the Philippines, and Thailand. I rise today to commend two such demand no longer dominates the American It was an empty alliance from the be­ groups which serve the 4th District and consumer's choice of products? The free ginning. But it was a particularly tragic the people of Nassau and Suffolk Coun­ enterprise system that led a wise old sage to one for Americans. Under its auspices we ties. observe that "when a man buUds a better ended up in the debacle of Vietnam and The Long Island Environmental Coun­ mousetrap the world wUl beat a path to his cil, under the able leadership of Mrs. door," is now saddled with so many regula­ the American cost of that misadventure tions that it is not the producers and con­ is almost beyond calculation in terms of Claire Stern, and the Marine Environ­ sumers, but people in government agencies human suffering, money, and prestige, mental Council of Long Island, directed who make the choice of what products are to say nothing of domestic tranquility. by Mr. George Wilde, are representative allowed to come to the market. Now SEATO is collapsing entirely. of the kind of citizen involvement and What mentality is it which decrees that the Only two Asian members remain, the concern which must always preface and arbitrary whims of elected or appointed Philippines and Thailand, and they are parallel government decisionmaking in a bureaucrats and polltlcians 1n air-condi­ preparing get out on the grounds that democracy. tioned offices are wiser than the inevitable to will of hundreds of thousands of consumers SEATO no longer has purpose. France These groups operate primarily on a and c1t1rens? quit in 1967. Others faded away, one by voluntary basis, gathering and dissemi­ Is it right that a handful of people can one, as we were left stuck in Vietnam. nating information, helping inform pub­ decide "what is best for the people" and then Now, with our detente with Communist lic officials of the sentiment of the people 30392 EXTENSIONS OF R£MARKS September 2.5, 1975 ~ on matters that are important to them, sociation of Postmasters of the United "We -said we would not make wholesale and helping to coordinate citizen input states. closings of smsll post offices. I find that recently there hrave been some and I hsve with the governmental process. The text of Mr. Hemmingsen's testi­ just issued an order to stop it. These people deserve great praise, and mony follows: "We have an obligation to the public, no I am honored to present them to the STATEMENT OF HAL L. HEMMINGSEN, POST­ matter where they may live. I don't mean attention of this body. MASTER AT GLENDALE, CALIF., AND PRESI­ that we are not going to close some post DENT OF THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF offices in the future. There are-obvious rea­ POSTMASTERS OF THE UNITED STATES sons why some of them may have to be Mr. Chairman and Members of the Com­ closed, but that is not our policy." HEARINGS REVEAL WIDE OPPOSI­ mtttee: This policy together with the mandate of TION TO RURAL POST OFFICE My name is Hal Hemmingsen. I am the Congress not to close small post offices solely CLOSINGS Postmaster wt Glendale, California, and the for operating at a deficit necessitated the President of the National Associ!lltion of establishment of fair a.nd equitable criteria. Postmasters of the United States, represent­ for the discontinuance of post offices. On HON. CHARLES H. WILSON ing ninety-one percent of all postmasters August 1, 1973, Postmaster General Klassen in this country. With me today is John Good­ issued the following criteria: OF CALIFORNIA man, Postmaster a.t O'Fallon, Illinois, the "The outright discontinuance of a. post IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Secretary-Treasurer of our association. office wm be considered when (a) a com­ Thursday, September 25, 1975 On behalf of our members, the Post­ munity has been abandoned, or (b) a. va­ masters of the United Sta.tes, I want to cancy exists in the position of postmaster, Mr. CHARLES H. WILSON of Cali­ thank you, Mr. Chairman, for this opportun­ service to be provided will be as good as, fornia. Mr. Speaker, many of my col­ ity to appear before this Committee on the or better than, the service being received, leagues have approached me in recent subject of the GAO Report on the closing of and one or more of the following conditions weeks to express their deep concern small post offices. exists: One of the objectives of the National As­ "1. No suitable person can be found in the about a self-initiated study by the Gen­ sociation of Postmasters of the United community to permanently take charge of eral Accounting Office which claimed States is "To promote the best interests of the post office. that the u.s. Postal Service could close the Postal Service." Coupled with this mis­ "2. No suitable quarters ca.n be found in about 12,000 small, mostly rural, post sion is the basic desire and determination of the community for housing the post office. offices, and thereby save $100 million postmasters to serve their fellow citizens. "3. Fewer than 25 families are being served annually. This is why we feel obligated to e~press to by the post office. In response to this concern, the Postal you, Mr. Chairman, and the Members of this "4. Another post office or a. classified sta­ Facilities, Mail, and Labor Management Committee our observations, recommenda­ tion or branch is located within a. reasonble tions and judgment relative to the GAO Re­ distance of the post office to be discontin­ Subcommittee, of which I serve as chair­ port now before you. ued (normally, three to five miles except in man, and the Postal Service Subcommit­ Our organimtion was the first and only sparsely settled areas such as Alaska) , which tee, chaired by my good friend JIM HAN­ organi21ation of postal managers which pub­ is easily accessible to the customer affected, LEY, have been holding hearings this licly supported the Postal Service Act of and will provide service equal to, or better week on the GAO report. 1969. The decision to do so was made by the than, the services being received." Although we will conduct one further duly elected officials of the Association and We recognized that some post offices would hearing in this series on October 8 when was influenced greatly by an exchange of have to be closed for justifiable reasons and Postal Service officials will appear, I think correspondence between our national presi­ we felt that this policy was a. fair one and that it would be appropriate to tell my dent, Thomas P. Costin, Jr., and the Post­ that the criteria was sound in principle. master General at that time, Winton M. To the best of our knowledge the U.S. colleagues that to date we have heard Blount. Postal Service has adhered to this poUcy and solid opposition to any plan to precip­ Responding to a specific question con­ the closing of small post offices has been itously close a large number of small post cerning the possibility of closing of post held down to approximately three hundred offices. This testimony has come from offices if the statute were enaoted, Mr. annually. The GAO Report asserted that this Members of Congress and representatives Blount on June 25, 1969, replied: number is small in comparison to the num­ of the major postal employee organiza­ "II. Your second question is whether sig­ ber of post offices which they feel could be tions. nificant numbers of existing post offices closed. But we view this number with ap­ My personal belief, which is shared by would be closed if the statute were enacted. prehension because a.t this rate in ten years "I do not forsee any greater likelihood of three thousand small post offices would be JIM HANLEY, is that small post offices post office closings than has prevailed in the eliminated and that is a. significant number. not only serve as a conduit for mail but pas·t-indeed, the likelihood might be sig­ The GAO calls the criteria of the Postal they often are a community center in a nifioantly reduced. The new Postal Service Service too liberal and recommends a stricter small rural town, the only direct con­ would be expected to serve every postal interpretation of the mandate of Congress. tact many Americans have with the Fed­ patron in the United States. Obviously, it is We strongly disagree. We feel that the pres­ eral Government on a regular basis, and not practicable to guarantee every single ent criteria is fair a.nd feasible having been therefore should be maintained if at all citizen ex.actly the same kind of postal serv­ conceived through consultation with our possible. If savings are to be made in the ice, but I anticipate that every citizen would postmaster organization. Any broadening of receive service at least as good as that be­ the criteria already established would only operations of the Postal Service, there ing provided today, and in many areas the release the floodgates so that there would are clearly other places where cutbacks service should be significantly improved. We be a wholes!lole closing of post offices with a. could better be made. must have an enormous network of post resulting deterioration of postal service to The Postal Reorganization Act of 1970 offices in order to provide adequate nation­ the rural postal customer. specifically prohibits the closing_of post wide postal service, and, with the growth in During consideration of the Postal Reor­ offices solely for economic reasons, and population, the system is bound to expand. ganization Act before the House of Repre­ any effort by postal management to im­ Under the Postal Service Act, the location sentatives in 1970, Representative James C. plement large-scale postal closings of new post offices would be determined Wright of Texas made the following state­ strictly on the basis of need, and they could ment: would be in clear violation of the law. be opened promptly as the need arises. "I do not think the Congress is ready to I would also comment that I am con­ "It has become obvious to me, in the last sacrifice and condemn to the past the ini­ cerned that this provocative GAO report few months, that there are no really signifi­ tial fundamental concept of the Post Office was not requested by a Member of Con­ cant cost savings to be realized by closing Department as a service institution. gress, but rather internally initiated, small post offices. Our major problem is to "The Post Office Department has one pur­ perhaps at the suggestion of someone or improve our operations in the big cities; the pose in being, and one purpose only---£erv­ some organization which stood to bene­ real opportunity for co_st savings exists ice to the people of the United States. there." · _ "From its very beginning, the Post Office fit from its publication. Relying on this statement by former Post­ As an example of the testimony we has existed not to make money but to serve master Genel'lal Blount, the officials of people--all the .people--from the biggest have been receiving I am proud to com­ NAPUS gave full support to the Postal Serv­ business in the most crowded city to the mend to your attention the prepared ice Act feeling confident that there would be humblest farmer in the remotest wilder­ statement of my good friend Mr. HalL. no wholesale closing of post offices. ness." Hemmingsen, postmaster at Glendale, On January 25, 1972, Postmaster General And Senate McGee o( Wyoming, Chairman Calif., a community near my district. · E. T. Klassen while addressing the officers of the Senate Committee on Post Office and Mr. Hemmingsen is a career postal em­ of our fifty-one chapters made the state­ Civil Service, said before the U.S.- Senate in ployee and president of the National As- ment: ' 1970: September 25, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 80393 "We think it is important that this body to the sale and purchase Olf stamps and the tractor routes and one combination rural and give every inducement to the new authority acceptance of parcels. contractor route. The community contract to protect the rural areas. We think, like­ This is not the definition of service we office might retain its ZIP Code and its wise, that every post office in a town with a feel should be given to the rural postal cus­ identity but the rural route customers have population below 5,000 should be protected, tomers. It is only a minimal level of service the ZIP Code of the post office from which for the same important reason. They lose which is not acceptable to the National As­ the route emanates, often a distant city. money. We want to prevent a new Postmaster sociation of Postmasters and certainly is not This means that nineteen communities in General from being able to cut that service the quality of service demanded by the Con­ the sample lost their identity and this is down, because that is where the pressure will gress. important to the people who reside in these be, in order to operate in the black-what­ Most definitely this is not the type of communities. ever that means. service which the Postal Service proudly por­ It is suggested in the Report that the "We believe, in other words, that in our trayed in the Postal Leader of August 1974. U.S. Postal Service improve its procedures postal service there are limited areas in which The article; "Post Office Is Heart of Small for advising customers of proposed changes. it is in the national interest, in the public Town Life" descriptively told the postal An examination of the proposed letter and service concept, to protect the costing fac­ world of the friendly, helpful manner in forms sent out to the customers concerned tors that have plagued a Postmaster Gen­ which a postmaster serves his customers. reveals that the true picture is not fully eral and added to his budgeting problems." There are many facets of postal service shown. In stating what the alternatives In another speech before the Senate Sena­ which a contract station, awarded to a low furnish, only positive statements are made tor McGee said: bidder, is not able to furnish. Postal service and no possible areas of diminished postal "Public service appropriations to the is secondary to the merchandizing of other service are pointed out. However, when stat­ Postal Service for the first eight years will products and the postal customer becomes ing the services furnished by the small post equal ten percent of the amount appropri­ the object of sales rather than service. office, it is very clearly pointed out that a ated to the Post Office Department for fiscal Postmasters represent the Federal Gov­ vast economic savings can be effected by year 1971-$800 million. This appropriation is ernment and they are interested in their cus­ using the other alternatives. intended to meet the requirement that the tomers. If there is a complaint against the It is our view that the form is couched in Postal S~rvice maintain servtr.e in rural Postal Service, a postmaster is probably go­ such a fashion that it violates the law in areas and other areas where post offl.ce and ing to be more diligent in getting to the root that the whole emphasis is based on the other services provided by the Postal Serv­ o.f the problem. operating expenses of the small post office ice are not self-sustaining." With a contract holder whose primary in­ concerned. The postal customer, being con­ The Senator further stated: terest is in another business be too busy to fused as to what is actually offered by the "Mr. President, very frankly, this form help read a letter, wrap a package or locate proposal, will vote favorably for any pro­ of subsidy was retained because, in the friends and relatives? Will he be too busy posal that promises him monetary relief. judgment of the Senate, constantly pres­ to furnish and disseminate information on He probably is not really aware of what the ent in the new independent postal author­ social security, food stamps, income tax, FBI alternative he h.a.s chosen truly entails. ity would be a public interest and a public releases, alien address questions and civil The cold-blooded concept of "saving image-the image of the Government of service? Traditionally, postmasters take pride money" has resulted in a GAO recommenda­ the United States of America. As I have in providing these services. tion to close 12,192 post offices in as many said on many occasions, in many o! the As for the alternative rural and star route United States communities. middle-sized and small towns across the services, the rural or star route carriers This chilling proposal envisages shutting land, the only symbol of their Govern­ seldom see their customers. Thus the con­ down almost every fourth -class office in the ment, of the American Republic, is the tact they have with them is not the same country and about one-half of the third­ local post office building and its facilities as the contact the customers once had with class offices. and the flag that flies over it. We did not their postmaster. Often, to them a customer It is the position of NAPUS that-this action believe that we ought to assign that to is only a name and a number painted on a and recommendation made by the General some private operation to protect in the box by the side of the road. The U.S. Gov­ Accounting Office is discriminatory in its national interest. This belongs to the peo­ ernment once more becomes quite remote nature inasmuch as most operations in the ple of the United States." to the person on a scarcely travelled rural Postal Service are losing money today. It In agreement with Senator McGee, it is route. seems to me that t h e most significant cost our thought, Mr. Chairman, that it is the There are problems as far as the quality savings are to be found in the vast obligation of the Congress and the U.S. of service is concerned on the rural route. mechanical jungle of the bulk mail system, Postal Service to give service to the Ameri­ If you had to have a postage meter set or in the thickets of ploy and politics sur­ can postal public. We believe the Congress wanted to deposit a third class mailing, rounding rates and t~ e Postal Rate Com­ took all this into consideration when it where would you do it on a rural or star mission and in your teeming urban areas decided to give the U.S. Postal Service a contract route? How would you mail or re­ where the dollar costs of sick leave and public subsidy. The Congress was well ceive a large package? A notice is left to go relief breaks are felt all the way down tr..e aware that the small post offices in the to the nearest post office which might be line. rural communities operated at a deficit miles away. If the package is left by the Traditionally, most postmasters believe in and that was one of the compelling rea­ box, it might be stolen, damaged or just and have devoted their efforts to furnishing sons for giving this subsidy to the .U.S. Pos­ plain disappear. all possible service to the public consistent tal Service. If you have a box at the post office, you with reasonable fiscal policies as originally What has changed then? The facts are can get your mail early but this is not true set forth by the Congress and the President, unchanged. The GAO Report confines it­ on the rural or contract route. You receive and now by an expanded triumvirate which self only to economics and continues to your mail by the position of your box on includes the semi-independent United stress that the small post office should be the route. States Postal Service as direct ed by the And what about the security of your box? Board of Governors. eliminated for purely monetary reasons. You can lock the clasp on your box but you The small towns and villages in rural About 160 million dollars could be can't prevent a vandal from pulling up a "saved" by shut ting down t t e National America are certainly entitled to service whole string of boxes and stealing the equal to that received in the cities and met­ Weather Service. contents. The American people would not stand ropolitan areas. There is no reason why all What rural carrier is going to take an savings have to be effected in the rural for it. active interest in selling philatelic stamps Millions of dollars could be "saved" by areas. The Congress made this decision in and supplies? 1970 when they included the following pro­ cutting back on the Bureau of Fisheries, the These are only some of the factors affect­ Maritime Commission and the ship-building vision in the Postal Reorganization Act: ing the quality of service which is offered "No small post office shall be closed solely subsidies. in the alternatives to the service furnished The American people would not stand for operating at a deficit, it being the specific by the postmaster in a small office. intent of the Congress that effective postal for it. It is our belief that the quality of service Millions of dollars could be "saved" by services be insured to residents of both ur­ rendered by alternative methods does not ban and rural communities." abolishing vital services of the National Park measure up to the standard expected by the Service and closing all but our busiest na­ The National Association of Postmasters postal public and Members of Congress. It takes the position that this provision in the tional parks. certainly does not approach the standard of The American people would not stand law should not be weakened or changed in service given to the urban customers and any way. It was put in the law for the ex­ for it. to which rural postal customers are entitled. Millions of dollars could be "saved" by press purpose of protecting the small post The GAO Report indicates that in the office and giving comparable service to all eliminating the crop forecast~ ng activities closing of small post offices there is no prob­ of the Department of Agriculture. postal customers. lem of losing community identity. Accord­ The GAO Report states that small post ing to the statistics of the Report, the cus­ The American people would not stand offices can be closed without affecting the tomers of the thirty-two offices identified for it. quality of service. It does not define what is are now being served, under the postal al­ The list is endless. meant by quality of service, but after reading ternatives selected, by thirteen community Mr. Chairman, I do not know 1f you have it, one must conclude that it basically refers post offices, twelve rural routes, six con- ever read the philosophy of the Postal Service 30394 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 25, 1975 which is chiseled in stone on the old Post miles of federal airways. The average speed could see a decrease in the number of travel­ Office Department building. It reads: was about 150 miles per hour, and 22,000 ers on the airways. While that obviously "The Post Office Department in its cease­ people were employed 1n the industry, and wasn't the case in 1974 with fare increases­ less labors pervades every channel of com­ about one and one-half m1111on passengers and may not necessarily result from addi­ merce and every theatre of human enter­ . were carried. Today--s~bout 35 years later­ tional increases the inflationary impact is prise and while visiting as it does kindly, we have about 27 domestic scheduled car­ indisputable. So, to my mind, we should every fireside, mingles With the throbbings riers, Wlith a fleet of over 2,000 airclr&ft, fly­ be focusing on how to s4ve what we present­ of almost every heart in the land. In the ing over 200 m1111on passen~. and employ­ ly have-and how to maintBin the present amplitude of its beneficience, it ministers to Ing some 300,000 dedicated persons. Through service-how to keep prices low and how to all climes and creeds, and pursuits with the private initiative, private capitad., and free keep service into the smaller cities. This is same eager readiness and with equal fullness enterprise--coupled with Federal regula­ the dilemma and believe me, we, in the Con­ of fidelity. It is the delicate trump through tion, we have constructed the best system in gress, know this must be done. which alike nations and families and isolated the world. There are several things we can do, but individuals whispers their joys and their All of us in this room are well aware of I'd like to discuss wtth you tonight three sorrows, their convictions and their sym­ the great debate over deregulation. The Ad­ critical areas where we can take useful pathies to all who listen for their coming." ministration has made much of it and we in action immediately. If this is the fundamental purpose of the Congress are still waiting to take a look at ( 1) Improve the operational framework Postal Service, neither the U.S. Postal Serv­ the Administration's legislation on aviation within which air transportation functions. ice nor the U.S. Congress should ever co:n­ regulation, but I can give you some prellmin­ (2) Help lower the cost of air transpor­ sider the wholesale closing of the small post ary judgments of my own, which have come tation. offices but rather they should continue to from listening and analyzing the dialogue (3) Avoid the imposition of non-productive guarantee their existence so that the U.S. that has been conducted so far. requirements on the airlines--such as retro­ Postal Service, as in the quotation, "ministers First, I think Congress and the CAB share fit. to all climes and creeds, and pursuits With your deep concern about the difllcult prob­ As you know, the Congress in 1970, the same eager readiness and with equal lems the industry faces today. Fuel costs, levied-among others-an eight percent fullness of fidelity." · inflation and a host of others. I believe that ticket tax on the passengers to pay .tor "Air­ I thank you, Mr. Chairman, for this Congress and the CAB are going to act re­ port and Airway Development." The purpose opportunity to appear before you and the sponsibly and helpfully during these difllcult of this tax was to pay for the improvement Members of this Committee. I will be happy times. and modernization of the nation's airports to answer any questions you may have. Second, I don't belleve Congress is going to and airway facilities, and was designed to do anything foolish or shoot in the dark on meet those needs and no other purpose. Over regulatory change. We think we have a great the five-year course of the program, however, air transport system and we shouldn't be the income generated from the taxes has far HON. GENE SNYDER ON Am sweeping away the regulatory structure in outdistanced expenditures. In fact, revenues which it was built unless we are darn sure exceed e~enditures by almost one billion TRANSPORTATION we know where we are going, why we are dollars. As a result-with the "benefit" of the going there, and how·to get there. unified budget-we have the airline pas­ That doesn't mean that changes in regu­ senger paying a tax that is, today, being used HON. WILLIAM H. HARSHA lation may not be needed and that both the to lessen the national deficit. OF OHIO industry and the public couldn't benefit from In addition, the government--once having them. So I don't think Congress is going to found a good source of income-is looking IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ignore the problem. But we will approach it for other ways to spend that money. Now, Thursday, September 25, 1975 With the yellow caution flag up. before the Health, Education, and Welfare Certainly an area of regulation that needs boys wake up and discover that there is some Mr. HARSHA. Mr. Speaker, I would improvement is procedures. Decisions take one billion dollars salted away in the Federal like to introduce in the RECORD today a too long and the process is too expensive and Treasury that is only committed to a pro­ speech which warrants the full attention complicated. The CAB has taken some initia­ gram-and not authorized for expenditure. of my distinguished colleagues. It was tive and expects to have a thorough review Before that happens, I think we should re­ delivered recently by Representative of its procedures, and recommendations for duce those taxes on the passenger so that we GENE SNYDER, ranking member of the revamping them completed sometime near aren't taking in more money than is needed Subcommittee on Aviation of the Public the first of the year. Our aviation subcom­ for airport and airway development. mittee agrees with this initiative to see im­ Thursday, the Aviation Subcommittee on Works and Transportation Committee, a provements in the speed or regulatory deci­ the House is scheduled to consider and re­ young man who has conducted his sion making. port a bill which will continue the part of minority leadership role with distinction. But, while examining regulatory pollcies the law which spends the money. We will de~ His statement offers some forceful and and practices to see what improvement may termine how much should be spent, and on thought-provoking comments about be needed is important, we simply cannot whtJt programs, in order to modernize our some of the critical issues facing air afford to engage in a theoretical exercise on airport and airway system. I am committed transportation today. I commend his re­ wholesale regulatory reform. The industry to improving this network and making it as marks to my colleagues: faces tremendous problems today and eco­ safe, dependable, and efllcient as possible. It's nomic forces will do more to reshape our air going to take a lot of money-but there is SPEECH BY HON. GENE SNYDER, 1975 AIRLINES system than rhetoric. and will be enough in the Trust Fund to do OPERATIONS FORUM, ATLANTA, GA., SEPTEM­ A basic dilemma today is how to deal with this and it ought to be committed and used BER 23, 1975 the dramatic rise in such basic operating for aviation purposes. At the same time we It's a real pleasure to be here with you to­ costs as the price of jet fuel. With Western can give the tax payer a break. night e.nd to be associated, in some small Airlines paying 32.2 cents per gallon, and We are talking about spending $500 mil­ way, with this great industry. As a p11ot I Air New England paying 42.8 cents per gal­ lion annually. for airport development, grad­ feel at home Wlith you. And, it is a great in­ lon, I want to know how we can "serve the ually increasing to $700 million by 1980. This dust4-y. I think that what has been accom­ greatest number of people at the lowest pos­ funding exceeds the current budget-even plished in air transportation over a relatively sible cost" consistent with the economic well though it's trust fund money-and we may short time span is truly one of the wonders being of the industry. encounter some problems along the way. of the world. During the past year, the cost of a. gallon There will also be some new features includ­ Tonight, I'd like to address a few sub­ of jet fuel doubled for domestic air carriers ing a higher federal share for grants, 75 per­ jects----which I feel are important. and tripled for the international carriers. cent-Federal funding for terminals, eligi­ First, I would like to discuss something While they carried six mlllion more passen­ bility of land purchases to mitigate noise that has been given a great deal of atten­ gers in 1974, than the year before, and used problems. tion, at least at the White House, and that is about one billion fewer gallons-the fuel A very important feature, I believe, is that "Deregulation of the Airlines." bill increased by about one billion dollars. which requires that airport sponsors consult Second, I would like to touch very briefly It appears that this industry has, more than with air carriers before undertaking projects. on what I consider a short term aid to you any other, made about as many conserva­ It w111 have considerable effect, I believe, in and the traveling public that can come in the tion moves as can be expected within existing assuring that only tp.e most essential proj­ very near future. That will include a status technology. In short, it appears you've ects, at the lowest feasible cost, will be under­ report on the Airport and Airway Develop­ trimmed out the fat. Any further cuts will taken. ment Act. We are keenly aware, however, that the And third, I'd like to share some thoughts come from the meat. Nation's air system consists of more than With you about a pending government deci­ And if "Decontrol" of oil prices takes just a series of airports. Therefore, our bill sion that could have a serious impact on place, we all know that prices-will not only increases the annual funding for facilities your industry. . continue to rise, but escalate dramatically and equipment to $300 million annually. Be­ A few short years ago--around the begin­ for everyone, including the airllnes. This yond that, we have taken care to assure that ning of World War II-there were 437 sched­ could have a disastrous effect on air service there will be a continuing strong research and uled aircraft, doing business along 32,000 throughout the nation. When prices rise, we development program to provide the tech- September 25, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 30095 nology for future improvements to the sys­ NEWSLETTER CONTRmUTORS Coston, Dean, 3316 Stoneybrae Drive, Falls tem. A minimum of $50 milllon annually wlll Church, Va. 22044, $25.00. continue to be spent on this effort. Cotta, Gerhard, 115 20 Hickory Cluster, Even with these levels of spending, there Reston, Virginia 22091, $50.00. will, a.s you know, be a. large surplus in the HON. JOSEPH L. FISHER Covell, Alonzo, 226 Midvale Street, Falls Trust Fund. While actual tax cuts can only OF VmGINIA Church, Va. 22046, $25.00. be made through the Ways and Means Com­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Crawford, Morris & Dorothy, 71 Gillian mittee, I for one, intend to help get the ball Lane, Riverside, Conn. 06878, $50.00. rolling by seeking our committee's recom­ Thursday, September 25, 1975 Daniel, Margaret, 5010 N. 14th St., Arling­ mendation to lower the user taxes, thereby Mr. FISHER. Mr. Speaker, in March of ton, Va. 22205, $25.00. bringing the Trust Fund revenue and ex­ this year I established a fund to pay for Donald, Gordon, 911 Swincks Mill Road, penditures into balance. This will serve as a. printing and production of newsletters McLean, Va. 22101, $15.00. means of lowering one item of the cost of Donohue, Terence & Catherine, 3824 Bos­ air transportation. to enable me to communicate with my worth Court, Fairfax, Va.. 22030, $20.00. These measures should have the common constituents. In keeping with my policy Eakes, Nettie, 5654 N. 8th Road, Arlington, virtue of improving the air system as well of full financial disclosure, I announced V>a.. 22205, $25.00. as the productivity industry. It is the kind of strict guidelines for this fund to prospec­ Ellis, Frank Mr. & Mrs., 1076 N. Montana action that the President has called for in tive contributors and to the press. St., Arlington, Va.. 22205, $25.00. getting our Nation and its economy on the Contributions of more than $10 have Elliott, Clyde, 5531 N. 18th Road, Arling­ move again. been made by check or money order. ton, Va. 22205, $50.00. On the other side of the coin, there are Emlet, Harry & Elinor, 3302 Clearwood some disturbing countermoves which are No person or group has been permitted Court, Falls Church, Va.. 22042, $15.00. very much live threats and must be dealt with to contribute more than $100 for this Engineers Political Education Committee, in the coming weeks and months. The fore­ year. In addition, I have announced that J.C. Turner Treas., 1125 17th St. NW., Wash­ most is the present proposal before the Sec­ I will not send out franked newsletters ington, D.C. 20036, $100.00. retary of Transportation to require that the after primary election day, or, if opposed Engle, Louise P .• 3207 N. 1st Road, Arling­ airline fleet be retrofitted. I have some serious in a primary election, after I file my ton, Va.., $15.00. concerns and questions about this. declaration of candidacy. .. Ensley, Creta, 19 Woodland Place, Scars­ These are the things that trouble me: To fulfill my pledge to make public dale, N.Y. 10583, $15.00. (1) A one b1llion dollar retrofit require­ Faulkner, Waldron, 3415 30th St. N.W., ment imposed on the industry will have dis­ contributions of more than $10, I would Washington, D.C., $25.00. ruptive effects, and add to operating costs. like to insert into the RECORD the follow­ Pienup, Kenneth & Beth, 1426 Springvale Doesn't this run counter to the present ad­ ing list of contributors to my newsletter Ave., McLean, Va. 22101, $25.00. ministration effort to improve business pro­ fund as of August 29, 1975-there were Fleet, Leslie, 613 Allison St., Alexandria., ductivity? 235 contributions of $10 or less: Va. 22302, $25.00. (2) The SAM retrofit will require an addi­ CONTRIBUTIONS TO J. L. FisHER NEWSLETTER Fraize, W1llard & B., 1627 Wainwright Dr., tional 60-150 million gallons of fuel to be FuND AS OF AUGUST 26, 1975 Reston, Va. 22090, $15.00. burned annually. Isn't this contrary to the Fried, Leonard & M., 1662 Wainwright Dr., national need and avowed objective to con­ Adler, Hans & Mary, 6656 Helland Street, Reston, Va. 22090, $25.00. McLean, Va. 22101, $30.00. serve fuel? Gadd, Ira., 2509 Arlington Blvd., Arlington, (3) There are some unresolved safety ques­ AFSCME, National People Committee, P.O. Va. 22201, $15.00. tions, such as the use of an inlet ring on Box 6587, Washington, D.C. 20009, $100.00. Gilmore, Vall, P.O. Box 289, Southern Pines, the engines, which would be used on B-707's. Alllson, Charles & Barbara, 2944 N. 26th N.C. 28387, $50.00. Can we afford, in any way, to proceed with Street, Arlington, Va. 22207,$20.00. Glaser, Ezra & Betty, 2839 W. George Mason things that may infringe on safety? Anderson, David, 2771 N. Quincy Street, Rd., Falls Church, Va., 22042, $15.00. (4) Most importantly, the present evi­ Arllngton, Va.. 22207,$50.00. Glenn, James, 1624 Chimney House Rd., dence suggests that the retrofit will not real­ Atchison, Stanley & Ethel, 1600 S. Ea.ds Reston, Va. 22090, $25.00. ly provide meaningful relief to the public. Street #804-S, Arlington, Va. 22202, $75.00. Gore, John & Emily, 2021 Rhode Island It will be primarily a "cosmetic" or "P-R Bachman, John & Catherine, 4524 N. 32nd Ave., McLean, Va. 22101, $15.00. snow job." Road, Arlington, Va. 22207, $20.00. Greenwood, George & Marion, 2601 N. 18th Personally, I do not believe that either Bachman, Kay, 416 Poplar Drive, Falls St., Arlington, Va. 22201, $15.00. the Congress or the Administration should Church, Va. 22046, $25.00. Golden, John & Jean, 2791 N. Quebec St., engage in such deception. Too often, people Baker, Dorven & Agnes, 6504 Dryden Drive, Arlington, Va.. 22207, $25.00. promise what they can't deliver but I, for McLean, Va. 22101, $25.00. Gosnell, Fred, 2020 N. 16th Street, Arling­ one, don't like to operate that way. Rather, Baker, Sherman, 3106 N. Kensington Street, ton, va. 22201, $50.00. I believe we should pursue the course which, Arlington, Va. 22207, $20.00. Gowell, Robert & Sylvia, 3440 Joan Ct., in the long run, will produce the most mean­ Bartek, George & Mae, 6308 N. 22nd Street, Falls Church, Va. 22047, $20.00. ingful results for the public. With the pos­ Arlington, Va. 22205, $17.00. Hadd, John, 4914 N. 25th St., Arlington, sible delivery dates of retrofit kits having Battley, Lawrence & Avis, 2780 N. Quincy Va.. 22207, $25.00. slipped so much, we can't realistically be Street, Arlington, Va. 22207, $15.00. Hamlin, Marilyn, 1206 S. Buchanan St., ta.lklng about completing retrofit before 1982 Blondell, V. S., 704, S. George Mason Drive, Arlington, Va. 22204, $100.00. anyway. So why not reduce aircraft noise Arlington, Va. 22204, $20.00. Harris, Huntington, RFD 1, Leesburg, Va. through the application of new technology? Bax.ter, Robert & Katharine, 3824 N. Ditt­ 22075, $100.00. We've already seen the beneficial results mar Road, Arlington, Va. 22207, $20.00. Hatry, Harry, 1400 S. Joyce St., Arlington, of this course. Since 1969, over 400 new, Bozman, Ellen, 4219 N. 39th Street, Arling­ Va. 22202, $15.00. quieter aircraft have replaced the older, ton, Va. 22207, $25.00. Hayes, Jean & Douglas, 3695 N. Harrison St., noisier planes. In addition, there is new en­ Brewer, Michael, 6817 Connecticut Ave., Arlington, Va.. 22207, $25.00. gine technology just over the horizon which Chevy Chase, Maryland 20015, $30.00. Herrin, Dennis & Cheryl, 3006 N. M111tary can be applied in about the same time frame. Brite, George & Irene, 6424 Noble Drive, Road, Arlington, Va 22207,$20.00. The CFM 56 engine, for example, is coming McLean, Virginia 22101, $15.00. Hewith, Robert & Sue, 6139 Franklin Park along and early projections indicate it could, Bryant, Margaret & Lyle, 4009 N. 23rd Rd., McLean, Va 22101, $15.00. according to McDonnell-Douglas, reduce Street, Arlington, Va. 22207, $25.00. Heyward, Francis & Harriette, 1437 Ida noise by 12 EPNdB on sideline, 12 on takeoff, Carrell, Patricia., 3516 Pintetree Terrace, Drive, McLean, Va 22101, $25.00. and 13 on approach for a. DC-8. At the same Falls Church, Va. 22041, $100.00. Hodges, M. B., 6819 Elm Street, McLean, Va. time, it would reduce fuel burnage by 15-21 Cary, Harry & Ruth, 1456 Dewberry Court, 22101, $25.00. percent and increase range 19-28 percent. McLean, Va.. 22101, $15.00. Horning, Joseph & Lynne, 8000 Parkslde This, it seems to me, represents a solution Casey, John J., 1201 S. Barton Street, Lane N.W., washington, D.C. 20012, $50.00. more in accord with the national fuef"OO­ Arlington, Va. 22204, $15.00. Huber, John & Maya., 6655 Chilton Ct., Checchi, Vincent & Mary, 1730 Rhode Is­ jectives, the public interest in noise reduc­ McLean, Va 22101, $20.00. land Ave., NW., Washington, D.C. 20036, tion, and, hopefully would improve the in­ Hunter, Richard & E. 1703 Briar Ridge Rd., $25.00. dustry's productivity. In short, everyone McLean, Va. 22101, $20.00. Church, Jane P., Rte. 1 Box 19, Janella Irish, Evelyn, 3501 N. Dinwiddie St., Arling­ comes out a winner. And who could ask for Farm, Ashburn, Va. 22011, $25.00. ton, Va. 22207, $25.00. more? Clements, M/M J. Elwood, 5302 Little Falls Jaeger, Louise, 815 S. 18th St., Arlington, These then, are the initiatives that I see Road, Arlington, Va.. 22207, $25.00. Va. 22202, $25.00. we in Congress must come to grips with. And CWA-COPE, Glen Watts Chmn., 1925 K Jengovich, Nicholas, 1400 S. Joyce St., Ar­ we must do it in a cautious and practical Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20006, $100.00. lington, Va 22202, $15.00. manner. There is no need to be "lost, but Cone, M. F. & Eleanor, 817 Van Buren Johnson, Harold & Vivian, 2901 N. Lexing­ making good time." And if we're successful, Street, Falls Church, Va.. 22046, $20.00. ton St., Arlington, Va 22202, $25.00. we can maintain and improve the greatest Coss, Harry & Mary, 5416 Wa.shlng,ton Blvd., Jordan, Robert E., 6963 Duncrali: Ot., Mc­ air transportation system in the world today. Arlington, Va. 22205, $20.00. Lean, Va. 22101, $~0.00. 30396 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 25, 1975

Kallen, Arthur & Vivian, 2705 N. Upshur, Peterson, Mary & John, 3936 Chain Bridge Weinberg, Robert and Wendy, 5109 N. 38th Arlington, Va 22207, $15.00. Rd., Fairfax, Va. 22030, $15.00. Rd., Arlington, Va. 22207, $20. Kanter, Ruth, 5776 N. 28th St., Arlington, Pickens, Vinton, Ashburn, Va. $25.00. Welsch and Morgan, Attorney's at Law,. Va 22207, $25.00. Pinnick, Georgia, 5210 N. 14th St., Arling­ 900 17th Street NW., Washington, D .C., $100. Kapos, E. & June, 908 Turkey Run Rd., ton, Va. 22205, $25.00. Wertz, Milton and Virginia, 2137 N. Troy McLean, Va 22101, $25.00. Radius, Walter, Rt. 2 Box 153-A, Leesburg, St., Arlington, Va. 22201, $15. Ketner, Jon I., 250 Willow Terr., Sterling, Va. 22075, $25.00. White, Marjorie, 6684 Midh111 Pl., Falls Va 22170, $15.00. Railway Clerks Political League, 6300 River Church, Va. 22043, $15. Kinney, David B., 3636 N. 38th St., Arling­ Road, Rosemont, Ill. 60018, $100.00. Wilson, Alexander, 1400 N. Uhle St., Ar­ ton, Va 22207, $15.00. Ranney, J. B. & Joy, 2318 Tanglevale Dr., lington, Va. 22201, $25. Klein, Cecllia & Frederic, 3709 Spicewood Vienna, Va. 22180, $10.00. Wilson, Thomas and Dolores, 2206 N. Not­ Dr., Annandale, Va 22003, $25.00. Reiber, Paul, 1625 Eye St. #921, Washing­ tingham St., Arlington, Va. 22205, $15. Klotz, Herbert, 1401 Langley Place, McLean, ton, D.C. 20006, $15.00. Wise, Harold, 21 Dupont Circle NW., Wash­ Va 22101, $25.00. Reynolds, John & Anne, 1349 Pine Tree ington, D.C. 20036, $25. Knappen, Lawrence & Helen, 2515 Ft. Scott Road, McLean, Va. 22101, $15.00. Wollenberg, J. R. and Patricia, 508 Lincoln Dr., Arlington, Va 22202, $25.00. Richards, Henry & Helen, 3818 N. 26th St., Ave., Falls Church, Va. 22046, $25. Knutson, Sidney, 4112 N. 27th St., Arllng­ Arlington, Va. 22207, $25.00. Wolf, Alfred and Agnes, 1057 Rocky Run ton, Va 22207, $15.00. Riley, Roderick & Ellen, 7021 Richard Dr., Rd., McLean, Va. 22101, $25. Kranich, Robert & Chloris, 9451 Lee High­ Bethesda, Md. 20034, $25.00. Zen, Evan, 11923 Escalante Ct., Reston, Va. way, Fairfax, Va 22030, $25.00. Robb, Charles and Linda, 1118 Saville Lane, 22091, $15. Kretmar, David, 8609 Piney Branch Rd., McLean, Va. 22101, $25.00. Yarger, James and Marian, 309 Walnui: Sliver Spring, Md., $15.00. Roback, Stefan & Shirley, 560 Riverside Dr., St., Falls Church, Va. 22046, $15. Law, Hllda, 712 S. 26th Pl., Arlington, Va New York, N.Y. 10027, $25.00. $25.00. Rogers, Virgil & Julia, 3810 Bichwood Rd., Lelander, Charles & Jessie, 7419 Fairwood Falls Church, Va. 22041, $25.00. Lane, Falls Church, Va 22046, $25.00. Ruhlen, Merritt & Florence, 6439 Overlook WOMEN SPORTS ATHLETE OF THE Luce, Charles & Helen, 18 Ridge Rd., Bronx­ Dr., Alexandria, Va. 22313, $25.00. vme, N.Y. 10708, $25.00. Sanderson, Mabel & Harold, 8109 Cawdor YEAR AWARD Ludy, Albert, 5335 Lee Highway, Arlington, Cou'tt, McLean, Va. 22101, $20.00. Va 22207, $20.00. Scattergood, Margaret, 6200 Georgetown Martin, Margaret, 1510 N. Herndon St., Pike, McLean, Va. 22101, $20.00. HON. E de Ia GARZA Arlington, Va 22201, $15.00. Schleeper, Jerome & Sylvia, 105 W. George OF TEXAS Mason Dr., Falls Church, Va. 22046, $50.00. Matthews, Joseph & R., 6726 Benjamin St., IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES McLean, Va 22101, $20.00. Schultz, Martha & Frederick, 6307 Evermay McNair, Mr. & Mrs. Wm., 2506 N. 33rd Road, Dr., McLean, Va. 22101, $15.00. Thursday, September 25, 1975 Arlington, Va 22207, $30.00. Scull, David & Laurel, Box 170, Annandale, Miller, John, 1515 Grassymeade Lane, Va. 22003, $25.00. Mr. DE LA GARZA. Mr. Speaker, if my Alexandria, Va. 22308, $25.00. Simpson, John and Virginia, 3617 Ridge­ colleagues will permit me to indulge in a. Mirsky, Peter, 1201 S. Courthouse Rd., way Terrace, Falls Church, Va. 22044, $50. bit of what some might term typical Arlington, Va. 22204, $50.00. Skallerup, M/ M Walter, 1155 Crest Lane, Texas bragging, I would like to call their Maranda, George, 2000 S. Eads St. # 114, McLean, Va. 22101, $25. attention to the athletic prowess of a. Arlington, Va. 22202, $25.00. Smith, Howard and Janet, 3029 Knoll Dr., young woman I am proud to include Mullen, Kevin & V., 6503 Machadoc Ct., Falls Church, Va. 22042, $25. among my constituents. She is Miss Falls Church, Va. 22043, $15.00. Smith, Roger, 3826 Fairfax Parkway, Alex­ Murray, Elizabeth,- P.O. Box 126, Fairfax, andria, Va. 22312, $25. Yvonne "Bonnie" Saenz, a student of Va. 22030, $25.00. Sharpe, Lois, 2837 Monroe St., Falls Church, Premont High School in the 15th Con­ Nathan, Robert, 1200 18th St. NW., Wash­ Va. 22042, $25. gressional District of Texas. ington, D.C. 20036, $25.00 Smith, Roger and Lanora, 3826 Fairfax Bonnie was featured in a recent issue · Nelson, Paul & Marg., 4561 N. 26th St., Parkway, Alexandria, Va. 22312, $25. of Women Sports magazine as the top Arlington, Va. 22207, $25.00 Stockton, William, 213 W. Greenway Blvd., female athlete of her school. She was Newpher, Mr. & Mrs. I. W., 3327 Prince Falls Church, Va. 22046, $15. nominated by directors of the recreation Williams Dr., Fairfax, Va. 22030, $20.00. Swisher, C. Clement and Sue, 4815 N. 16th program of Community Action. Nicolson, Alice & Da, 3435 S. 8th St., Arling­ St., Arlington, Va. 22205, $20. Here is an unadorned Jis.t of the letters ton, Va. 22204, $50.00. Sundquist, James 1\nd Beta, 3016 N. Florida, Nieweg, Dorothy & Elroy, 5319 N. 2nd St., Arlington, Va. 22207, $20. and awards she earned: Arlington, Va. 22203, $20.00. Taeuber, Conrad, 4222 Sheridan, Hyatts­ Four-year letterman in basketball; O'Donnell, Martha, 2378 N. Fillmore St., vme, Md. 20782, $25. captain of the basketball team; 2 years Arlington, Va. 22207, $15.00. Talbot, Dr. and Mrs. Lee, 6656 Chilton Ct., selected as all-district forward; 3-year Olds, Herbert & Mary, 4733 N. 32nd St., McLean, Va. 22101, $18. letterman in tennis; second in district Arlington, Va. 22207, $15.00. Taylor, Theodore and Jean, 706 N. Fredrick girls doubles 1974; third in district girls Ostertag, Clarice, 2819 N. Van Buren St., St., Arlington, Va. 22203, $50. doubles 1975; selected by her classmates Arlington, Va. 22213, $20.00. Tetro, Robert and Alice, 12012 Atntree Lane, as "Most Athletic"; Outstanding Girl Overby, Kermit & Ethel, 605 Hlllwood Ave., Reston, Va. 22091, $25. Falls Church, Va. 22042, $25.00. Athlete, Premont High School, 1975; all­ Overby, Peter, 605 H1llwood Ave., Falls . Tad, Carel and Joy, 1908 N. Quintana St., tournament forward, 3 years Premont Arlington, Va. 22205, $20. Church, Va. 22042, $35.00. Tourney, 1 year Bruni Tourney; selected Parker, Frederick & Lois, 4900 S. Chester­ Tucker, John, 4300 Old Dominion Dr., Ar­ to Prep All-American Basketball Team. field Rd., Arlington, Va. 22206, $15.00. lington, Va. 22207, $25. Valtin, Rolf and Nancy, 1319 Woodside Dr., Bonnie was presented the Women Peal, w. Hugh, Rte. 2 Box 111, Leesburgh, Sports Athlete of the Year Award by Billy Va. 22075, $25.00 McLean, Va. 22101, $25. Perlik, William & Annabel, 1249 Daleview Walker, Walter and Virginia, 2813 N. Ken­ Jean King, publisher of Women Sports Dr., McLean, Va. 22101, $25.00 sington St., Arlington, Va. 22207, $25. magazine. Perlik, Charles & Marion, 2407 Barbour Rd., Weisman, Bernard and Anne, ~700 N. 25th Mr. Speaker, I respectfully submit that Falls Church, Va. 22043, $16.00. St., Arlington, Va. 22207, $25. Bonnie Saenz is somebody to brag about.