Milton Manor Milton, Tenby Pembrokeshire: Proposed Single Wind Turbine

Heritage Statement & Heritage Asset Assessment

AH Project Ref.: AH167 AH Report Ref.: AH167/2

Prepared Rob Armour Chelu by Date May 2014 Issue no. 01

Armour Heritage Limited accepts no responsibility or liability to any third party to whom this report, or any part of it, is made known. Any such party relies upon this report entirely at their own risk. No part of this report may be reproduced by any means without permission.

© Armour Heritage Limited 2014

Greystone Cottage Trudoxhill Frome Somerset BA11 5DP

T: 01373 836680 E: [email protected] W: www.armourheritage.co.uk

Milton Manor, Milton, Tenby, Pembrokeshire: Heritage Statement & Heritage Asset Impact Assessment

CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION 4

2. PLANNING CONTEXT 6

3. METHODOLOGY 9

4. RECORDED HERITAGE RESOURCE 11

5. SETTINGS ASSESSMENT 18

6. DISCUSSION 24

7. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 26

8. SOURCES AND REFERENCES 28

Figures and Plates

Fig. 1 Site location plan Fig. 2 DHER data, 2km study area Fig. 3 Scheduled Monuments, Registered Parks, Protected Landscapes and Conservation Areas: 5km study area Fig. 4 Listed Buildings, all Grades 2km study area and Grades I & II* 5km study area Fig. 5 Historic mapping: 1869 1:10,560 Ordnance Survey Fig. 6 Historic Landscape Character

Plate 1 View north from the Site Plate 2 View southeast from the Site Plate 3 View toward the Site from Hodgeston Moated Site Plate 4 Lamphey Bishop’s Palace Plate 5 Carew Castle Plate 6 View toward the Site from Carew Castle

Appendices

Appendix 1 Gazetteer of heritage assets Appendix 2 Scoping summary Appendix 3 Wind turbine technical specifications

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SUMMARY Project Name: Milton Manor Wind Turbine Location: Milton, Tenby, Pembrokeshire NGR: 204046, 201302 Type: Heritage Statement & Heritage Asset Assessment

In April 2014 Armour Heritage was commissioned to carry out an independent Heritage Statement and Heritage Asset Assessment with regard to the proposed installation of a single wind turbine on land at Milton Manor, Milton, Tenby, Pembrokeshire. The turbine base is centred on NGR 204046, 201302.

This assessment has identified no recorded archaeological activity at the Site, although there are some significant archaeological remains within the 2km Study Area, in general relating to prehistoric religious, ritual or funerary monuments, Iron Age defended sites and enclosures, early medieval castles and later land division, settlement and agriculture. Given the evidence, it has been assessed that the Site has a low potential to contain significant archaeological remains, due in large part to its rural location within an area of land which appears to have been subject to agricultural usage since at least the medieval period.

Given that environmental conditions in the broader landscape may have changed prior to the medieval period, the potential for archaeological sites or features of prehistoric or post-Roman date is recognised. If present, these sites/features are likely to be relatively well preserved. Evidence for post-medieval or later intrusions which could have impacted upon the archaeological remains, where present, is restricted to the very limited 20th century removal of field boundaries in the broader environs of the Site. Given the agricultural nature of the Site, and the fact that it has remained almost completely unchanged since the 19th century, it is likely that historic impacts upon any buried archaeological resource would be limited to damage associated with tree or hedgerow removal or the addition of below ground drainage features.

A number of designated heritage assets have been subject to detailed settings assessment, both within the 2km study area and the wider 5km study area. Following completion of a ZTV and a scoping exercise based on both the ZTV and individual site visits, designated heritage assets within the study areas which were subject to detailed setting assessment comprised one Scheduled Monument, one Registered Park and two Listed Buildings. None of these heritage assets has been assessed to be subject to any discernible impact as a result of the proposed turbine installation or the heritage assets’ proximity to it.

Potential effects on two areas of Protected Landscape were also assessed, and it was considered that any adverse effects were extremely localised and would not impact on the overall special character or significance of the Protected Landscape areas. The turbine is situated in an area of historic landscape with a recognised time depth and historical value and a very localised effect on the HLC is assessed in areas that lie in very close proximity to the turbine as adverse. It should be noted, however, that the proposal represents only a temporary intrusion upon the landscape, with part of the proposal referring to the decommissioning of the turbine and the restoration of the site to its former state.

The evidence suggests that the nature and date of any buried archaeological features is likely to be such that further archaeological investigations need not be undertaken at the pre-determination

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1. INTRODUCTION

Outline 1.1. In April 2014 Armour Heritage was commissioned to carry out an independent Heritage Statement and Heritage Asset Assessment with regard to the proposed installation of a single wind turbine on land at Milton Manor, Milton, Tenby, Pembrokeshire. The turbine base is centred on NGR 204046, 201302. The proposed turbine location and associated infrastructure is illustrated in Fig. 1.

Construction specification 1.2. The candidate wind turbine is proposed to be a Northern Power Northwind 100kw Wind Turbine with a maximum tip height of 40m. Specification drawings and technical information are included as Appendix 3.

1.3. Whilst the proposal will be for a turbine of up to 40m tip height, it should be noted that there is the potential for some variation in hub height and/or blade length. In any event, tip height would be no greater than 40m.

Location, geology and landscape context 1.4. The turbine location is situated some 1.72km south of Milton, Pembrokeshire and 3.85km east of Pembroke. It will be positioned at an elevation of c. 88m above Ordnance Datum (aOD) in an agricultural field currently under grass and grazed by cattle. The environs of the Site comprise often steeply undulating pasture and arable land, with areas of light woodland and wooded river valleys. The Site is accessed from Stephen’s Green Lane running north- south from The Ridgeway in the south to Milton in the north (Fig. 1).

1.5. The underlying geology of the Site is described by the British Geological Survey (BGS) as Ridgeway Conglomerate Formation: Conglomerate, a sedimentary bedrock formed approximately 375 to 411 million years BP. No superficial geological deposits are recorded.

Project aims 1.6. The general aims of this heritage assessment are:

x Assessment of all sites, monuments and features within 2km of the proposed turbine location;

x Assessment of potential for damage to as yet unidentified archaeological sites or features as a result of construction activity;

x Detailed assessment of all ‘high value’ sites and monuments within 5km radius of the proposed turbine location and to assess the potential impact of the proposed development on their settings where they are shown to share intervisibility with the turbine location.

Standards & best practice 1.7. This assessment has been carried out in accordance with the Institute for Archaeologists’ Standard and Guidance for desk-based assessment (IfA 2012), the Brief issued by the Dyfed Archaeological Trust (DAT) and a Specification (Armour Heritage 2014) issued to, and approved by, DAT in advance of completion of this report.

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Limitations of data 1.8. Much of the data used in this assessment consists of secondary information derived from a variety of sources, only some of which have been directly examined for the purposes of this assessment. The assumption is made that this data, as well as that derived from other secondary sources, is reasonably accurate.

1.9. It is recognised that the Dyfed Archaeological Trust Historic Environment Record (DHER) does not comprise a record of all surviving elements of the historic environment resource, representing only a record of the discovery of a wide range of archaeological and historical components. The information held within it does not preclude the subsequent discovery of further elements of the historic environment that are, at present, unknown.

Copyright information 1.10. This report may contain material that is independently copyrighted (e.g. Ordnance Survey, British Geological Survey, Crown Copyright), or the intellectual property of third parties, which Armour Heritage is able to provide for limited reproduction under the terms of its own copyright licences, but for which copyright itself is non-transferrable. The end-user is reminded that they remain bound by the conditions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 with regard to multiple copying and electronic dissemination of the report.

Instruction & limitations of this report 1.11. Armour Heritage Ltd were instructed by Renewables Unlimited, to carry out a heritage assessment in support of the proposed installation of a single wind turbine on land at Milton Manor, Milton, Tenby, Pembrokeshire.

1.12. This report is a response to a specific instruction for a specific end use, specific site layout with regard to historic setting as present at the time of the site visit on 1st May 2014 and proposed development within the assessment framework on the date of issue. It is prepared for the sole use of Renewables Unlimited at the time of instruction.

1.13. For the avoidance of doubt, any duty of care to any other end users or third parties is specifically excluded. If a period of one year passes prior to commencing site operations or the planning framework for assessment is changed, then, a further survey or assessment may be required to ensure compliance with the statutory legal responsibility of the developers. Please contact Armour Heritage if there is any doubt.

1.14. The assessment is based on the assumption that buildings, settings or records have not been accidentally or intentionally removed or destroyed prior to survey or assessment and that evidence of historic remains have not been accidentally or deliberately removed prior to survey.

1.15. Armour Heritage can accept no responsibility for the accuracy of the survey if the Site has been accidentally or deliberately disturbed to remove evidence of archaeological remains.

1.16. Assignment of this report without the written consent of Armour Heritage Limited is forbidden. An assignment can be easily arranged but may require a re-assessment.

In the case of a change of plans, site use, site layout or changes of use of the wider area or buildings and/or end use, a new assessment is required to ensure its fitness for purpose, for which a fee is levied. Please contact Armour Heritage Limited for assignments at [email protected].

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2. PLANNING CONTEXT

Introduction 2.1. There is national legislation and guidance relating to the protection of, and proposed development on or near, important archaeological sites or historical buildings within planning regulations as defined under the provisions of the Town and Country Planning Act 1990. In addition, local authorities are responsible for the protection of the historic environment within the planning system.

2.2. These policies identify the historic environment resource as a non-renewable, fragile and finite resource, the conservation of which accords with the principles of sustainable development, and a priority is placed on its conservation including the setting out of tests to ensure any damage or loss is permitted only where it is properly justified.

2.3. The overarching national policy covering the effects of development on the historic environment in Wales is Planning Policy Wales (Edition 5, November 2012).

Planning Policy Wales (Edition 5, November 2012) 2.4. Planning Policy Wales states that it is important that the historic environment - encompassing archaeology and ancient monuments, listed buildings, conservation areas and historic parks, gardens and landscapes is protected. The Welsh Government’s objectives in this field are to:

x preserve or enhance the historic environment, recognising its contribution to economic vitality and culture, civic pride and the quality of life, and its importance as a resource for future generations;

x protect archaeological remains, which are a finite and non-renewable resource, part of the historical and cultural identity of Wales, and valuable both for their own sake and for their role in education, leisure and the economy, particularly tourism;

x ensure that the character of historic buildings is safeguarded from alterations, extensions or demolition that would compromise a building’s special architectural and historic interest; and to

x ensure that conservation areas are protected or enhanced, while at the same time remaining alive and prosperous, avoiding unnecessarily detailed controls over businesses and householders.

2.5. Planning Policy Wales provides more specific guidance on archaeology, Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas although the detailed guidance on these matter is provided by the Welsh Circulars 96/60 and 96/61 (see below).

2.6. Archaeology: The needs of archaeology and development can be reconciled, and potential conflict very much reduced, if developers discuss their proposals for development with the local planning authority at an early stage. Archaeological assessments commissioned by developers (sometimes as part of a wider Environmental Impact Assessment) can help to provide information on the archaeological sensitivity of a site before submitting a planning application. If important remains are thought to exist at a development site, the planning authority should request the prospective developer to arrange for an archaeological field evaluation to be carried out before any decision on the planning application is taken. The results of any assessment and/or field evaluation should be provided as part of a planning

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application. If this information is not provided, authorities should consider whether it is appropriate to direct the applicant to supply further information, or whether to refuse permission for inadequately documented proposals.

2.7. Where local planning authorities decide that physical preservation in situ of archaeological remains is not justified in the circumstances of the case, and that development resulting in the destruction of the archaeological remains should proceed, before granting planning permission the authority needs to be satisfied that the developer has made appropriate and satisfactory provision for the archaeological investigation and subsequent recording of the remains and the publication of the results. Archaeological investigations should be carried out before development commences, working to a project brief prepared by the planning authority.

2.8. Local planning authorities may impose conditions to protect a monument and require that an archaeological watching brief is carried out. In order to secure the provision of an appropriate archaeological investigation and subsequent recording of remains, a negative condition may be imposed prohibiting the carrying out of the development until such time as works or other action (for example, an excavation), have been carried out by a third party.

2.9. Listed Buildings: Where a development proposal affects a listed building or its setting, the primary material consideration is the statutory requirement to have special regard to the desirability of preserving the building, or its setting, or any features of special architectural or historic interest which it possesses.

Welsh Circular 60/96 – ‘Planning and the Historic Environment: Archaeology’ and Welsh Circular 61/96 ‘Planning and the Historic Environment: Historic Buildings and Conservation Areas’ 2.10. In addition to the Planning Policy Wales Edition 5 (see above 2.7 – 2.8) planning policy is guided by Welsh Circulars 60/96 ‘Planning and the Historic Environment: Archaeology’ and 61/96 ‘Planning and the Historic Environment: Historic Buildings and Conservation Areas’.

2.11. Circular 61/96 reflects on the issues relating to the setting of listed buildings, stating that ‘authorities considering applications for planning permission …..for works which affect a listed building to have a regard to…..the desirability of preserving the setting of that building. The setting is often an essential part of a buildings character especially if a park, garden or grounds have been laid out to compliments its design or function.’ (61/96 paragraph 11).

2.12. Circular 60/96 makes it clear that where archaeological remains might exist ‘the planning authority should request the prospective developer to arrange for an archaeological field evaluation to be carried out before any decision on the planning application is taken.’ And that ‘Local planning authorities should expect developers to provide the results of such…..evaluations as part of their applications……’

2.13. The circular goes on to make it clear that ‘where remains of a lesser importance [less than national importance] are involved ……. Development should proceed. Planning authorities will, in such cases, need to satisfy themselves that the developer has made appropriate and satisfactory arrangements for the excavation and recording…..of archaeological remains and the publication of the results’. It suggests that it is appropriate to secure such works through the imposition of a condition on any consent granted.

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Local Planning Policy 2.14. The relevant local development plan is the Pembrokeshire Local Development Plan (LDP) which was adopted by Pembrokeshire County Council on 28th February 2013. The most relevant policy within the LDP relating to cultural heritage is Policy GN.38:

GN.38 Protection and Enhancement of the Historic Environment

2.15. Development that affects sites and landscapes of architectural and/or historical merit or archaeological importance, or their setting, will only be permitted where it can be demonstrated that it would protect or enhance their character and integrity.

2.16. The LDP states that Pembrokeshire has a ‘rich and varied’ historic environment (para. 6.154) …and is a major asset to Pembrokeshire’s visitor economy. The LDP emphasises the importance to protect, preserve and enhance these features and designations ensuring that Pembrokeshire’s historic environment is appropriately protected and enhanced. It states that development that may detrimentally affect the character or integrity of such areas will not be permitted.

2.17. At paragraph 6.155, the LDP stresses that the Council will seek to ensure that necessary change is accommodated without sacrificing the essential integrity, coherence and character of the landscape and will have particular regard to potential developments that, alone or in combination, would have a significant impact on landscapes included in the Register of Landscapes of Historic Interest in Wales.

2.18. When assessing a proposed development, the Council will consider the following in relation to impacts on the historic environment (para. 6.156):

x Information (including from the Historic Environment Record (HER), held by Dyfed Archaeological Trust) on the character, extent and importance of the remains; x The extent to which the proposed development is likely to impact upon them; x The means of mitigating the effect of the proposed development by redesign to achieve physical preservation in situ; x In addition to heritage assets protected by legislation and national policy, the LDP also states that Conservation Area Character Appraisals will be a material consideration when determining planning applications.

2.19. Although it does not specifically allude to the historic environment or heritage assets, Policy GN.4: Resource Efficiency and Renewable and Low-carbon Energy Proposals is also of relevance to renewable energy developments.

The Setting of Heritage Assets 2.20. When considering matters regarding the setting of designated and other heritage assets, Cadw’s policy conforms with that issued by English Heritage.

2.21. The English Heritage document The Setting of Heritage Assets (EH 2011) provides guidance on setting and development management, including assessing the implications of development proposals. A staged approach is recommended for the latter, the first step of which is to identify the heritage assets affected and their settings. Step 2 is to assess whether, how and to what degree these settings make a positive contribution to the significance of the heritage asset(s), i.e. ‘what matters and why’. This includes a consideration of the key attributes of the heritage asset itself, then considers:

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x the physical surroundings of the asset, including its relationship with other heritage assets;

x the way the asset is appreciated; and

x the asset’s associations and patterns of use.

2.22. The third step (where appropriate) is to assess the effect of the proposed development on the significance of assets through the consideration of the key attributes of the proposed development in terms of its:

x location and siting;

x form and appearance;

x additional effects; and

x permanence.

2.23. The fourth step is to maximise enhancement and minimise harm, which may be achieved through:

x removing or re-modelling an intrusive building or features;

x replacement of a detrimental feature by a new and more harmonious one;

x restoring or revealing lost historic features;

x introducing a wholly new feature that adds to the public appreciation of the asset;

x introducing new views (including glimpses or better framed views) that add to the public experience of the asset; or

x improving public access to, or interpretation of, the asset including its setting.

2.24. Step five is making and documenting the decision and monitoring outcomes.

2.25. When considering the significance of heritage assets reference is made to the Cadw Conservation Principles (2011). The significance of a heritage asset (termed ‘place’ within Conservation Principles) is defined with reference to four component values which require consideration. These are:

x evidential value;

x historical value;

x aesthetic value;

x communal value.

3. METHODOLOGY

3.1. The methodology is based on the guidance provided in the Institute for Archaeologists’ Standards and Guidance for Historic Environment Desk-Based Assessment (IfA 2012).

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3.2. This study has considered all heritage assets within a study area of 2km measured from the proposed infrastructure boundaries (Fig. 2), and all ‘high value’ heritage assets within a 5km study area (Figs. 3-4), measured from the proposed turbine location. The scale of the study areas ensured that data sources provided sufficient information about the proposed turbine site and its surrounding landscape from which to assess known and potential impacts on the archaeological and cultural heritage resource.

3.3. Known heritage assets within the study area are discussed in Section 4. A gazetteer of known and potential heritage assets and other data recorded by the Dyfed Archaeological Trust Historic Environment Record (DHER) within the study area has been compiled (Appendix 1). Designated heritage assets are presented in Appendices 1 and 2. All assets and records are referred to in the text by a unique reference number. Scheduled Monuments are prefixed SM, Listed Buildings are prefixed LB, Registered Parks RP, Protected Landscapes PL and Conservation Areas CA. DHER records are referenced by number. The locations of all heritage assets can be seen in Figs. 2-4.

Documentary research 3.4. Records of archaeological monuments, events, historic buildings and historic landscape character within a 2km radius of the turbine location were obtained from the Dyfed Archaeological Trust (DAT) Historic Environment Record (DHER). Historic mapping was acquired from the Pembrokeshire Archives at Haverfordwest and digitally via ProMap, with additional documentary evidence researched online through Archwilio (http://www.archwilio.org.uk) and Coflein (the online database for the National Monuments Record of Wales, http://www.coflein.gov.uk).

3.5. Heritage assets located within a 2km Study Area were considered in order to provide a broader understanding of the local context and archaeological potential of the proposed itself. High Value designated sites and monuments within a wider 5km Study Area have also been considered with regard to the potential visual impact of the proposed turbine on their settings; these comprised Scheduled Monuments, Grade I and II* Listed Buildings, Registered Parks and Gardens, Registered or Protected Landscapes and Historic Battlefield Sites.

3.6. A Zone of Theoretical Visibility (ZTV) study was also completed in advance of completion of this report. Designated sites and monuments which fall outside the ZTV have been scoped out of any detailed assessment. A summary of the scoping results in presented in Appendix 2 and detailed assessment, where completed, is presented in Section 5.

3.7. A synthesis of all relevant and significant information is presented below, with the most relevant records mapped in Figs. 2-4. A selection of historic mapping is presented in Figure 5. Details of individual features recorded by the DHER and Cadw are presented in Appendix 1.

3.8. The baseline survey involved consultation of readily available archaeological and historical information from documentary and cartographic sources. The major repositories of information consulted comprised:

Cadw National Heritage List:

x World Heritage Sites;

x Scheduled Monuments;

x Listed Buildings;

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x Registered Parks and Gardens;

x Registered Battlefield Sites;

x Registered Historic Landscapes.

Other Sources:

x Dyfed Archaeological Trust Historic Environment Record (DHER);

x Pembrokeshire Archives, Haverfordwest;

x Available historic mapping;

x Other documentary sources;

x Online sources, including Coflein;

x Site visit and photographic survey.

3.9. All source material has been synthesised and used to investigate elements of the historic environment which may be affected by the proposed wind turbine.

4. RECORDED HERITAGE RESOURCE

Introduction 4.1. The following section provides a summary of the archaeological and historical development of the proposed site and the two study areas, compiled from sources listed above. The aim is to establish the known and potential resource which could be affected by the proposed development.

4.2. Heritage assets are listed in Appendix 1 and illustrated in Figs. 2-4.

Previous studies 4.3. No recent archaeological fieldwork or desk based assessment work is recorded by the DHER for the proposed site or 2km study area, although an excavation of 1860 is referred to (Fig. 2, 13).

Site visit 4.4. The Site was visited on foot on 1st May 2014, where the proposed turbine location and its environs were accessed in dry, generally bright weather conditions. Detail on the area’s fields and hedgerows was annotated on a 1:5,000 Ordnance Survey map of the area.

4.5. A number of designated heritage assets which fell within the completed ZTV were also visited on this date. These comprised six Scheduled Monuments, eleven Listed Buildings, one Registered Park and two areas of Protected Landscape. The results of these visits are set out in the Scoping Summary (Appendix 2) and, where detailed setting assessment has been undertaken, Section 5, below.

4.6. A digital photographic record was made of the visits, and a selection of photographs is presented as Plates 1-6. Further photomontages taken from key locations are included in the Landscape and Visual Assessment which it is recommended is read in conjunction with this document.

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4.7. During the site visit, observations were made of the surfaces of the fields. No extant archaeological features or visual indications of former archaeological features were observed. In addition, no archaeological material was noted on the field’s surfaces.

Statutory and local heritage designations 4.8. Two Scheduled Monuments lie within the 2km Study Area: Carew Beacon Round Barrows (Fig. 3, SM9) and Lamphey Palace (Fig. 3, SM2). A further fourteen Listed Buildings are also recorded within the 2km study area – two Grade I, two Grade II* and the remainder Grade II Listed.

4.9. Within the broader 5km study area a further fifteen Scheduled Monuments are recorded with an additional fourteen Listed Buildings; six Listed Grade I and eight Listed Grade II*. In addition, three Registered Parks lie within 5km of the Site, the closest being the Grade II Listed Park Farm (Fig. 3, RP2), approximately 1km to the west.

4.10. Five Conservation Areas lie within 5km of the proposed turbine, the closest comprising Carew Cheriton (Fig. 3, CA2), some 1.43km to the north.

4.11. The northwesternmost extent of the Manorbier Landscape of Special Historic Interest and the southeastern extents of the Milford Haven waterway Landscape of Outstanding Historic Interest, both designated Protected Landscapes, fall within the study areas.

Archaeological and historical context Prehistoric (pre-43 AD)

4.12. There is considerable evidence for prehistoric activity within and beyond the 2km study area. Early periods within the broader prehistoric period are represented by the records of a number of Mesolithic and/or Neolithic flint working sites (Fig. 2, 3-6), described in Wainwright 1963 as part of a wider survey. All four sites lie to the south and southeast of the Site, relatively evenly distributed along a south-facing slope dropping down from the Ridgeway.

4.13. A number of Bronze Age ritual/funerary features in the wider landscape indicate a continuation of occupation, albeit on a small scale, in the area through the earlier prehistoric periods. These features, predominantly round barrows (Fig. 2, 7 & 9-12; Fig. 3, SMs 9-12 & 16) are generally distributed along the ridge of the Ridgeway, to the south of the Site, in what is a very visible location, typical of Bronze Age funerary monuments of this type.

4.14. A further, more impressive and probably earlier burial feature lies on the coast, some 4.4km to the south of the Site. The King's Quoit Burial Chamber (Fig. 3, SM5) comprises a capstone measuring 4.0m by 2.5m and 0.5m thick, which is supported by upright slabs to the north and west, another, to the east, having fallen.

4.15. Iron Age communities are also represented in the archaeological record within the wider 5km study area, where the presence of a defended enclosure is recorded. Park Camp, also known as Park Rath is a generally circular ditched and banked enclosure, c. 55m in diameter, with an entrance to the south. The defended site lies some 4.25km northeast of the Site and the ditch and banks are now tree covered. This site, like a number of the Bronze Age barrow sites, is protected as a Scheduled Monument.

4.16. A possible second defended Iron Age site is recorded in the DHER some 255m west of the Site (Fig. 2, 14), though no trace of this now survives.

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4.17. Whilst no features or findspots relating to prehistoric activity are recorded within the field which contains the Site, or those directly adjacent to it, the potential for further material to be identified there is recognised.

Romano-British (AD 43 to AD 410)

4.18. There is very little evidence for Romano-British activity in the 2km study area, although a single find spot of a bronze and silver trumpet brooch of Romano-British date is recorded from Summerhill Lane at Manorbier Newton (Fig. 2, 15), some 1.17km south of the Site. This represents a high status piece of jewellery and may be interpreted as a potential heirloom lost, hidden or discarded in later periods, rather than being indicative of Romano-British activity.

Early medieval (AD 410 – 1066) to late medieval (1066 – 1529)

4.19. The Site lies within the parish of Carew. Whilst the meaning of the name Carew is disputed, it is likely to derive from the Welsh Caer-rhiw (‘fort on a hill’), Caer-yw (‘fort by yews’) or Caerau (‘forts’). This name derives from the Norman castle (Fig. 3, SM1; Plate 5) which was established at the start of the 12th century, at a time when southern Pembrokeshire was being divided up by the Norman invaders. It is known that there was an earlier fortress on the site which was occupied throughout the early medieval period (and possibly earlier), and may have still been in use when the Normans arrived. The present castle is a late 13th to early 14th century building with later modifications and additions. Further recorded medieval remains at Carew include the Carew Bridge (Fig. 3, SM6) and Carew Cross (Fig. 3, SM 4) which is now situated in the grounds of the castle.

4.20. A second Norman castle is situated at Manorbier, 4.15km to the southeast of the Site (Fig. 3, SM3). Manorbier is also an early 12th century castle with substantial stone buildings erected before 1200. The site was largely rebuilt in stone in the 13th and early 14th centuries, and re- fortified in the 17th. Further recorded medieval remains at Manorbier include a Scheduled Dovecote (Fig. 3, SM15).

4.21. Situated 2.14km to the southwest of the Site are the relatively well-preserved and Scheduled remains of a moated site at Hodgeston (Fig. 3, SM7; Plate 3) which comprises a moated platform, 26m square, upon which a small building stood until c. 1870.

4.22. Lamphey Bishop’s Palace lies some 2km west of the Site (Fig. 3, SM2, LB7: Plate 4). The site of the Bishop’s Palace at Lamphey was an estate of St. David’s from before the Norman invasion until the Reformation. The date of the original timber construction remains unknown, the earliest surviving elements represented by the limestone rubble western Old Hall and undercroft, dating to the early 13th century. The remainder of the buildings are largely the work of the late 13th and earlier 14th centuries, with later alterations. The Palace changed hands at the Reformation and continued as a noble house into the 17th century, declining thereafter. In the 19th century the site was laid out as a garden (Fig. 3, RP2) associated with the classical Lamphey Court built to the northwest (Fig. 3, LB24).

4.23. Well preserved medieval buildings are recorded at a number of locations in the wider landscape, including a vaulted house at West Tarr (Fig. 3, SM13), a medieval building at Kingston Farm (Fig. 3, SM12) and a group of four medieval buildings at Upper Lamphey Park Farm (Fig. 3, LB28). The survival of a number of high status medieval buildings in the area attests to a well-populated and relatively wealthy, at least in the case of the land-owning classes, landscape.

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4.24. Other important medieval remains are present in the landscape, including shrunken village remains at Carew Cheriton (Fig. 2, 30) and Wall park (Fig. 2, 18). Both sites survive as low earthworks and cropmarks visible on aerial photography.

4.25. In general terms, the Site would, during the medieval period, have likely comprised agricultural land attached to a local manor or estate.

Post-medieval (1540 – 1800) and modern (1801 – present)

4.26. The majority of post-medieval records held by the DHER refer to buildings and structures within the 2km study area, often cottages or farmsteads, and areas of common land. A relatively small number of these buildings and other monuments are Listed (Fig. 3).

4.27. There is evidence for post-medieval industrial activity, including a small number of mills and quarry sites which are recorded on early edition Ordnance Survey maps (Fig. 5).

4.28. Study of historic mapping indicates no changes in the field pattern or boundary removal in the immediate area of the Site (Fig. 5). It is likely, given the fieldscapes visible across the Site and its environs, that a degree of enclosure of smaller medieval fields took place, most likely through the latter part of the 18th and early 19th centuries. Certainly by the time the Carew Parish tithe map was completed (1839), the field patterns visible today were already in place with little change evident up to the present day, with the exception of the removal of a very small number of field boundaries to the north and south of the Site.

4.29. The only real changes of note locally are the construction of a reservoir at the junction of Stephen’s Green Lane and Deer Park Lane, along with a small number of modern dwellings, and the reconstruction of Milton Rock Cottage (Fig. 5, north of aforementioned road junction) as Summit Cottage.

4.30. The area to the east and southeast of Carew Cheriton was, during the Second World War, in use as RAF Carew Cheriton. The area contains a large number of sites and monuments now recorded on the DHER and includes, close to Furze Hill at the former site of RNAS Pembroke (Fig. 2, 126), some 1.18km northeast of the Site, the approximate location of aircraft remains following a crash (Fig. 2, 78 and 79).

4.31. As was likely to have been the case through the medieval period, the Site and its immediate environs remained in exclusively agricultural use through the post-medieval and modern periods.

Historic Landscapes Protected Landscapes

4.32. The southeastern extents of the Milford Haven Waterway Landscape of Outstanding Historic Interest, as registered by Cadw, falls just within the northern extent of the 2km study area. To the south, the northern extent of the Manorbier Landscape of Special Historic Interest also falls within the 2km study area.

4.33. As a result of these designations, both areas are considered to represent distinctive land and seascapes which exhibit both continuity and adaptation. Their overall setting and range of features make them of high value and considerable rarity in Wales.

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Historic Landscape Character (Landmap data)

4.34. The nature of the historic landscape at the Site and its broader environs has been assessed through the Landmap surveys. This data is presented graphically in Fig. 6 and summary descriptions of the key landscape blocks are included below.

4.35. The Historic Landscape Character (HLC) type attributed to the turbine location and infrastructure area, and central part of the 2km study area (Fig. 6, HL15) is described as Area: Lamphey Gumfreston - a very large, complex aspect area (49 x 24 sq. km) of lowland hills and valleys. All enclosure types are represented, but fields are mainly medium-sized and regular. There is a fair amount of woodland, particularly within the numerous valleys that meander across the area, as well as stands of planted mixed woodland. Settlement is in the main dispersed, all farm types and housing types being represented including a number of gentry houses, some with designed landscapes. A number of nucleations are also present. Many of these have medieval origins, or possible medieval origins, being focussed on parish churches. Lamphey Palace is a Scheduled, ruined medieval bishop's palace with an extensive park. Together with an adjoining gentry house, Lamphey Court, it is a Registered Park and Garden and, along with the adjoining village of Lamphey (which belongs to another aspect area), is also a Conservation Area. The area features many Listed Buildings including a number of medieval churches and post-medieval gentry houses. There is also scattering of modern housing across the area and, close to the coast, caravan parks and other tourist facilities. There are a very large number of archaeological sites, from all periods. They include a number of Scheduled Monuments represented by a Neolithic chambered tomb, Bronze Age standing stones, round barrows and medieval buildings. Summary of the most significant archaeological elements: prehistoric funerary and ritual monuments, medieval buildings and landscapes, post-medieval buildings and landscapes.

4.36. Its overall evaluation value is assessed as Outstanding: This area has been assigned an overall value of outstanding based on the survival of an extensive archaeological record spanning the prehistoric through to the later post-medieval periods.

4.37. To the north of the Site (Fig. 6, HL5), the HLC is described as Area - Carew Milton and Nash. Most significant archaeological element(s): Carew Castle, Carew Cross, prehistoric sites. This is a relatively large historic landscape character area lying to the south of the Milford Haven waterway and the Carew River, to the east and south of Pembroke Dock on undulating ground lying mainly between 20m and 50m above sea level. Mud flats, marsh and the rocky foreshore along the Milford Haven waterway are included in this area. It is an agricultural landscape of large, dispersed farms and large fairly regular fields. There are a large number of Listed Buildings within this area. Several of them are major houses including the ruinous medieval castle of Carew with its massive Elizabethan wing, Upton Castle with a disused chapel set in parkland and gardens, Cosheston Hall with its parkland, Bangeston Hall, Welston Court, Milton House, Holyland Hotel and the Fortified Rectory at Carew Cheriton. Clearly a vast date range and many building types are included within these structures, from medieval defensive sites through to Victorian mansions. They are united in providing an estate quality to large tracts of the landscape, with parkland, stands of deciduous woodland, lodges and home farms. Farmhouses on the home- and other substantial-farms are generally in the Georgian tradition, stone-built and cement rendered with slate roofs, associated with which are ranges of stone-built outbuildings, sometimes arranged semi-formally around a yard, with large modern agricultural structures nearby. Smaller farmhouses are also mainly 19th century and within the Georgian tradition. There is a dispersal of 19th century and 20th century houses close to the shore of the waterway, but Milton and Carew are the only significant nucleations. Milton comprises stone-built vernacular houses, cottages, a public

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house and farm buildings, on the outskirts of which is a late 20th century housing estate. Carew is essentially a linear village with a terrace of 19th century houses, a ''Flemish'' chimney (the remains of a sub-medieval house), a 19th century chapel and 20th century houses. Carew bridge, and the French Mill (an imposing Georgian building, but described as a 'French Mill' in 1541) and its dam, an early medieval high cross, together with the castle and the village represent an important assemblage of structures within Carew. Carew Cheriton is a loose cluster of buildings, including the Fortified Rectory and an Old Mortuary Chapel.

4.38. Its overall evaluation value is assessed as Outstanding: The overall value of outstanding assigned to this area reflects the particularly diverse, multi-period scope of the archaeological resource, with some surviving components of national importance, including the important early 11th century inscribed cross at Carew (possibly the finest surviving example of its type, incorporating Celtic, Irish and Viking motifs), an outstanding example of a medieval fortress and later Tudor palatial mansion at Carew Castle and an exceptionally rare surviving grouping of late medieval parish church, charnel house and fortified rectory at Carew Cheriton.

4.39. To the south of the Site (Fig. 6, HL10), the HLC is described as Area – Manorbier Newton Strip Fields. Long narrow fields enclosed by high stone-faced banks with hedges, mortared stonewall and dry-stone walls dominate. Dispersed farms and other buildings are mainly 19th century and stone-built. Most significant archaeological element(s): Bronze Age round barrow, prehistoric find spots, limekilns. Long narrow strip fields are the defining characteristic of this historic landscape character area. The long axes of these are aligned north to south. They run across gently undulating ground around Jameston and Manorbier villages at between 30m to 50m up south-facing slopes to the crest of The Ridgeway at over 100m. The Ridgeway forms a definite northern boundary to the strip-fields. On maps it is possible to define groups or blocks of strips, such as those to the northeast of Manorbier and to the southwest of Manorbier Newton, but generally the overall pattern is of a unified, single system. Field boundaries, however, vary greatly across the area, with stone-faced banks and earth banks topped hedges the most common. Even within this type there is variety, with roadside banks often massive, while others are insubstantial. Mortared rubble limestone walls are also present as well as rubble banks/rough dry-stone walls. Both these types are often in a poor state of repair. Hedges on the banks are well maintained. Very few are overgrown or neglected. It is an exposed landscape and therefore hedgerow trees are not common, and woodland is mainly confined to small, scrubby stands in sheltered hollows. Land use is approximately 80% improved pasture and 20% arable. Farms dispersed along the south-facing slopes below The Ridgeway roughly on the 60m contour are a distinctive element of the settlement pattern. Other farms and dwellings are fairly widely dispersed. Manorbier Newton hamlet is the only nucleation. Local limestone (cement rendered and bare stone) and slate for roofs are the universal building materials in older structures. Farmhouse and farm size vary, and while there are substantial late 18th century dwellings in the Georgian tradition with substantial ranges of stone-built outbuildings located a little distance from the dwellings, most are smaller and date to the mid-to-late 19th century. These are mainly two-storey and double-fronted with examples in both the polite Georgian style and vernacular tradition. Old farm buildings are small, often just one or two ranges, and in some cases attached to the end of the farmhouse, indicating the relative small land- holdings.

4.40. Its overall evaluation value is assessed as Outstanding: The outstanding value assigned to this area reflects the survival of an extensive, remarkably well-preserved enclosed strip-field

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system of prehistoric/medieval origin; this represents the defining characteristic of a diverse, multi-period landscape with evidence of human activity ranging from the early prehistoric era to the present day.

4.41. Also the south of the Site and just within the 2km study area (Fig. 6, HL6), the HLC is described as Area - East Moor and West Moor. Regular shaped, medium sized fields with distribution of farms and other dwellings. Most significant archaeological element(s): Limekilns, limestone quarries. An historic landscape character area generally between 30m and 50m lying on the south Pembrokeshire coastal plain immediately inland of high sea cliffs. Land use is mostly improved pasture, with some arable and virtually no rough ground. It is open to southwesterly Atlantic winds, and therefore apart from trees planted for shelter close to houses woodland is not a characteristic of the landscape. Indeed, hedges which are dense and well maintained in the northern part of this area fade first to straggling lines of bushes then to nothing close to the exposed coast. Boundaries are a mixture of stone-faced banks and mortared walls. Banks with hedges predominate in the northern section of this area while to the south walls are more common, now broken down and supplemented with wire fences. Fields are relatively large and square or rectangular in shape. The settlement pattern is one of dispersed farms. Older buildings are almost entirely 19th century in date, built of local limestone (cement rendered or bare, although with farm buildings are invariably bare stone), with slate roofs. Farmhouses vary in size and style, ranging from two- storey early 19th century Georgian houses, through to later 19th century two storey double- fronted vernacular houses. However, the large window openings and symmetry of the vernacular houses indicate a degree of polite Georgian style influence. Similarly farm buildings vary, with extensive ranges, sometimes arranged informally around a yard associated with the larger buildings, down to a single range attached to the end of a small house at the lower end of the scale. Farm buildings on some of the smaller farms have been converted to non-agricultural use, while larger farms often have modern steel, concrete and asbestos agricultural buildings. There are few modern dwellings in this area. There is a large caravan park and campsite. The A4139 road crosses from east to west and numerous lanes bisect the landscape. Historic boundaries have been removed along sections of the A4139 and replaced by fences. Recorded archaeological sites do not strongly characterise this area. They fall into two main categories, prehistoric flint working floors and post-medieval limekilns. East Moor and West Moor historic landscape character area shares many of the landscape components of the area.

4.42. Its overall evaluation value is assessed as Moderate: the moderate overall value assigned to this area chiefly reflects the limited scope of the archaeological record, although there is potential for further evidence of prehistoric activity to be identified in the vicinity of Park Farm and West Moor, while the ruined 17th century house at East Moor Farm merits a detailed programme of archaeological recording and conservation of the surviving fabric.

4.43. To the northeast of the Site and partially within the 2km study area (Fig. 6, HL4), the HLC is described as Area - Carew Airfield. Most significant archaeological element(s): Military - WW2. This area consists of the World War 2 airfield. Most of the airfield buildings have been demolished and a bypass road constructed across the northern section of the site. Some buildings survive including the control tower, some ablution blocks and air raid shelters, as do the concrete runways and parts of the access roads. Some of the buildings now have an industrial use, and a Sunday market is held on the runways. Land between the runways is improved pasture. Conservation priorities: The main priorities of this area concern the management of the more important of the surviving airfield buildings.

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4.44. Its overall evaluation value is assessed as Moderate: This area has been assigned an overall value of moderate based on the limited survival of the military airfield and associated buildings.

Historic hedgerows 4.45. ‘Important’ hedgerows, as defined in The Hedgerows Regulations 1997, are protected from removal (uprooting or otherwise damaging or removing). Various criteria specified in the Regulations are used to identify ‘important’ hedgerows for wildlife, landscape or historical reasons.

4.46. In general, to qualify as ‘important’, the hedgerow or boundary must be more than 30 years old and must meet one or more of the following criteria:

x The hedgerow marks the boundary of an historic parish or township existing before 1850;

x The hedgerow contains or is within an archaeological feature which is on the Sites and Monuments Record (or Historic Environment Record), or a pre-1600 manor or estate;

x The hedgerow is a part of or associated with a field system predating the Inclosure Acts;

x The hedgerow contains species in part 1 of Schedule 5; or Schedule 8 of the Wildlife & Countryside Act 1981; or defined in Schedule 3 of the regulations plus at least two Associated Features;

x The hedgerow includes one or more of the following:- at least 7 woody species, at least 6 woody species plus at least three Associated Features (see below), at least 6 woody species including a black poplar; large-leaved lime, small-leaved lime or wild service tree, at least 5 woody species and at least 4 associated features.

4.47. It is considered that all extant hedgerows within, and at the extents of the Site should be considered ‘important’ under the Regulations. The boundaries within the fieldscape surrounding the Site are well-established, well-tended and generally representative of 19th century field patterns as illustrated in historic maps.

5. SETTINGS ASSESSMENT

Introduction 5.1. The site visit and ZTV study confirmed that all sites scoped in for detailed setting assessment shared at least a degree of intervisibility with the proposed turbine site and therefore their settings could be affected by any significant changes to that setting. The detailed settings assessments set out below were completed in line with the principles set out in the English Heritage document The Setting of Heritage Assets (EH 2011), as detailed above.

5.2. Where assets were excluded from detailed assessment, justification is set out in the scoping sub-section, below.

Scoping: 2km study area 5.3. Within the 2km study area two Scheduled Monuments are recorded, one of which (Carew Beacons Round Barrows) has been assessed as having the potential for limited intervisibility with the Site. Screening around Lamphey Bishop’s palace was considered adequate to remove any issues of visual impact with regard to the monument’s setting and any effects as a result of the proposed wind turbine.

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5.4. A number of Listed Buildings within the 2km study area also fall within the ZTV, and therefore have the potential to share intervisibility with the turbine. Following the site visits, two of these buildings have been subject to detailed settings assessment, which are set out below.

Detailed Setting Assessment: 2km study area Carew Beacon Round Barrows (Fig. 3, SM9) The asset and its setting

5.5. The monument comprises two round barrows situated adjacent to The Ridgeway, some 480m south of the Site.

5.6. The barrows are situated on a ridge, overlooking the valley of a small river which passes through Manorbier Newton. Little or no traces of the barrow mounds survive, and their surrounding quarry ditches, from which the original construction material was derived, will be preserved as a buried archaeological features.

5.7. The two monuments’ locations are close to the roadside hedges of The Ridgeway and this is considered to effectively screen the majority of views toward the Site from the monument at ground level.

Elements of setting that contribute to the significance of the heritage asset

5.8. The barrows derive their significance from their evidential value, in particular surviving material in the buried flanking ditches which has the potential to yield important evidence regarding the monuments’ former structure and the local population responsible for their construction. Despite almost complete removal of the mounds through cultivation, the two sites will contain archaeological and environmental evidence relating to their construction, longevity, territorial significance, social organisation, funerary and ritual practices and overall landscape context.

5.9. Further significance is derived from its historical value. Bowl barrows, the most numerous form of round barrow, are funerary monuments dating from the Late Neolithic period to the Late Bronze Age, with most examples belonging to the period 2400-1500BC. They were constructed as earthen or rubble mounds, sometimes ditched, which covered single or multiple burials.

5.10. The monuments’ broader landscape context is also of significance. In antiquity, i.e. when the barrows served their original function, the open views afforded by the sites’ elevation would have been important to maintain the barrows’ visibility and thus the local population’s links with their ancestors.

5.11. Whilst the majority of broader views from the monument remain relatively open, views from ground level are generally blocked by nearby roadside hedges whilst the presence of the road itself is considered intrusive and detracts from the monuments’ setting.

Impact of the proposed development

5.12. Whilst there is intervisibility between the Site and the monument, the significance of the two barrows is considered to be much reduced as a result of the near complete destruction of their above ground visible elements through ploughing. The presence of the adjacent road further reduces the significance of the features’ setting and it is not considered that the

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construction of the wind turbine at the Site will detract from the significance of the barrows’ setting further.

Hayes Farmhouse and Cartsheds (Fig. 3, LB15) The asset and its setting

5.13. Hayes Farmhouse along with its associated outbuildings, is Listed Grade II. It is located 835m east of the Site, 3km east of Lamphey and 300m north of The Ridgeway, accessed via a long descending track.

5.14. The house and outbuildings represent good examples of 18th century stone architecture, the house being constructed on an L-shaped plan.

5.15. The house and buildings are situated within a working farmyard which includes a number of modern agricultural buildings and areas of concrete hard standing.

5.16. The setting of the heritage asset is considered to be formed by the farmyard and the surrounding agricultural land.

Elements of setting that contribute to the significance of the heritage asset

5.17. The farmhouse derives a degree of significance from its evidential value, contained within its historic fabrics. Whilst its rather austere construction offers little aesthetic value, the building does represent a good example of an 18th-19th century farmhouse.

5.18. Views from the farmhouse remain relatively open, except to the north where they are largely blocked by adjacent farm buildings, both contemporary and modern. The house derives further significance from its rural agricultural setting. The wider open aspect of the agricultural landscape is considered to make a significant contribution to the significance of the former farmhouse, presenting an understanding its original function and rural agricultural nature.

Impact of the proposed development

5.19. The proposed turbine will not impact upon the Listed Building’s physical fabric and therefore will not alter the evidential value which this asset holds.

5.20. Screening around the Listed Building afforded by the associated farm buildings, in particular the large modern barn unit to the northwest of the house greatly reduces any intervisibility with the turbine. The turbine may be partially visible from the upper floors of the house due to the topography between the building and the Site.

5.21. Any changes to the wider agricultural and rural landscape setting of the house may potentially result in a minor adverse impact upon its significance.

Four Medieval Houses at Upper Lamphey Park Farm (Fig. 3, LB28) The asset and its setting

5.22. The four medieval buildings at Upper Lamphey Park Farm are Grade II*Listed. The buildings are located approximately 1.53km west of the Site, off a long ascending track.

5.23. No access was available to the monument at the time of the site visits so as a result, information in this assessment is based on mapping and satellite imagery only.

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5.24. The buildings, which are L-shaped in plan, are situated within a working farmyard which includes two modern agricultural buildings.

5.25. The setting of the heritage asset is considered to be formed by the farmyard and the surrounding open agricultural land.

Elements of setting that contribute to the significance of the heritage asset

5.26. The building will derive much of its significance from the evidential value contained within its historic fabrics.

5.27. Views from the building remain open in all directions, except to the northeast where they are largely blocked by adjacent farm buildings.

5.28. The Listed Building derives further significance from its rural agricultural setting. The wider open aspect of the agricultural landscape is considered to contribute some aesthetic value to the significance of the building’s setting.

Impact of the proposed development

5.29. The proposed turbine will not impact upon the Listed Building’s physical fabric and therefore will not alter the evidential value which this asset holds.

5.30. Whilst a broad belt of woodland to the east of the Listed Building lies between it and the Site, topographic changes will result in the turbine being visible to a large degree in views to the east from the house.

5.31. It is considered that changes to the wider rural landscape setting of the house may potentially result in an adverse impact upon its significance, although in this instance, this impact will be limited to views to the east only.

Scoping: 5km study area 5.32. Within the 5km study area, a total of thirty two ‘high value’ designated monuments have been identified through the Welsh National Monument List. These comprise fifteen Scheduled Monuments and fourteen Listed Buildings: one Grade I and two Grade II*. In addition, two areas of Protected landscape and five Conservation Areas have also been considered.

5.33. Study of the ZTV results indicates that, whilst the majority of these sites, monuments and areas share potential intervisibility with the Site, the site visits confirmed only very limited intervisibility due in large part to the ‘bare-earth’ nature of the ZTV study.

5.34. The settings of the five Conservation Areas were carefully considered. It was assessed that their settings were considered to be confined to the Conservation Areas and their very immediate environs only. Changes in their wider landscape setting would not affect setting of any of the Conservation Areas.

5.35. As a result, only the Grade II* Lamphey Bishop's Palace & Lamphey Court Registered Park has been subject to detailed assessment; the remainder of the sites and monuments have been scoped out.

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Detailed Setting Assessment: 5km study area Lamphey Bishop's Palace & Lamphey Court (Fig. 3, RP2) The asset and its setting

5.36. The Grade II* Registered Park includes the Scheduled and Grade I Listed Bishop’s Palace and the Grade II* Listed Lamphey Court, now an hotel, with an area of ‘essential setting’ to the west. Two significant views are also indicated, south and southwest from Lamphey Court (Fig. 3, RP2). Two further Listed Buildings lie within the northern-central Registered area; Four Mediaeval Houses at Upper Lamphey Park Farm (Grade II*) and the Barn at Upper Lamphey Farm (Grade II).

5.37. The majority of the Registered area comprises open fields defined by mature hedges. The Park’s eastern extent is defined by an area of broad-leafed woodland.

5.38. The Park’s wider landscape setting comprises mainly open agricultural land with small and modestly sized settlements, generally minor roads and areas of woodland.

5.39. The setting of the heritage asset is considered to be formed by its unspoilt nature and its wider landscape views, in particular those to the southwest and west, as defined by Cadw in their Listing.

Elements of setting that contribute to the significance of the heritage asset

5.40. The Park derives its much of its significance from its historical association with the Bishop’s Palace, with much of the land continuing in agricultural usage from the medieval period.

5.41. Its association with Lamphey to the south is also of significance, as emphasised in its Cadw defined Significant Views, one of which is directly toward the town.

5.42. Further significance is derived from its association with Lamphey Court, whose construction and early 18th-19th century occupation was the catalyst for the formalisation of the parkland.

Impact of the proposed development

5.43. The proposed turbine will not impact upon the Registered Park’s physical fabric and therefore will not alter the evidential value which this asset holds.

5.44. Views toward the turbine from the park, whilst broken by the belt of woodland which lies between, remain relatively open and due to topographical changes, the turbine will be clearly visible from eastern areas of the parkland. Views from Lamphey Court and the Bishop’s Palace are much more screened, in the main by the localised incidence of large mature trees close to both buildings.

5.45. It is assessed that this intervisibility does not present a significant visual impact on the Registered Park’s wider landscape setting, and does not impact on either the Cadw defined Essential Setting’ area, or either of the two Significant Views from Lamphey Court.

5.46. The turbine occupies only a small percentage of the overall views available from all areas of the Registered Park, and as such it is considered that although visible, the proposed turbine will not detract from the ability to understand, interpret or appreciate this area of parkland, nor its associated monuments or Listed Buildings, nor affect the value which the wider setting contributes to its overall significance. A minor adverse effect on the Registered Park’s setting is assessed.

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Historic Landscapes and Historic Landscape Character (Figs. 3 and 6) Impact of the proposed development

Protected Landscapes (Fig. 3, PLs 1 and 2)

5.47. Two areas of Protected Landscape have been identified; Manorbier Landscape of Special Historic Interest to the south and Milford Haven Waterway Landscape of Outstanding Historic Interest to the north.

5.48. Only very minor intervisibility between the very edges of the Manorbier area and the Site is indicated by the ZTV study. As such it is assessed that the proposal will present a minor adverse impact upon an extremely limited area of the historic landscape block, with no major adverse effects upon the area’s integrity, special character or quality.

5.49. With regard to the Milford Haven Waterway area to the north, whilst the ZTV study indicates more impact than for the Manorbier area, this landscape area is very large, measuring up to 25km east-west and 16.5km north-south. In terms of negative effects upon the landscape character block as a whole, the assessed localised impacts within 2km only account for a very small percentage of the entire block. As with the above area, no major adverse effects upon the area’s integrity, special character or quality are predicted.

Historic Landscape Character (Fig. 6)

5.50. The wide range of Historic Landscapes blocks, a number of which are assessed as of Outstanding value, are described in some detail above. The proposed development will undoubtedly represent a visual intrusion on this predominantly agricultural landscape. However, it is assessed that as this proposal represents only a single turbine, rather than a group or a full-scale windfarm, the impact is minimal and relatively localised. Whilst the turbine may be visible in longer views, its individual nature will not result in the turbine representing a dominant landscape feature from distances of more than 2km. Where the turbine is visible in longer views, any impacts upon the significance of the historic landscape will diminish with distance.

5.51. Within the 2km radius, elements of all historic landscape blocks will be subject to a degree of intervisibility with the Site. However, the effects assessed are also dependent upon the relative value and rarity of the landscape blocks, as discussed below.

5.52. Block HL15. Whilst this large area has been assessed through the Landmap survey as of Outstanding value, only a localised adverse effect has been assessed with regard to the turbine, limited to parts of the 2km buffer with effects diminishing with distance. This landscape block is very large, measuring up to 20.5km east to west. In terms of negative effects upon the landscape character block as a whole, the assessed localised impacts within 2km only account for a very small percentage of the entire block.

5.53. It is assessed therefore, that whilst the proposal will have major adverse impact upon the most immediate setting, in terms of the effect upon the historic landscape block as a whole, the proposal will not compromise its integrity, special character or quality. The majority of this area’s historic character will remain entirely unaffected by the proposal and will remain available to be appreciated.

5.54. Block HL5: This block has been assessed by the Landmap survey as of Outstanding value, and therefore sensitive to change. This smaller block is some 11km x 4km in area. Whilst the ZTV study indicates negative effects as a result of the turbine installation, it is assessed that the

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turbine would only affect the qualities attributed to, or appreciation of, the area in a very minor and localised way, mostly confined to the southeastern extents of the HLC block.

5.55. Block HL4: This area’s value has been assessed as Moderate through the Landmap survey. It comprises a small area defined by the former Carew Airfield. It is assessed that the proposal, despite its visibility, will present no impact upon the historic landscape block which itself represents modern intrusion on the landscape quality.

5.56. Block HL10: This block has been assessed by the Landmap survey as of Outstanding value, and therefore sensitive to change. This smaller block is some 5km x 2km in area. Whilst the ZTV study indicates limited negative effects as a result of the turbine installation, much of the area lies outside the ZTV. It is assessed that the turbine would only affect the qualities attributed to, or appreciation of, the area in a very minor and localised way, mostly confined to the northern extents of the HLC block.

5.57. Block HL6: This block has been assessed by the Landmap survey as of Moderate value. This block is some 3.5km x 2km in area. Whilst the ZTV study indicates limited negative effects as a result of the turbine installation, much of the area lies outside the ZTV. It is assessed that the turbine would only affect the qualities attributed to, or appreciation of, the area in a very minor and localised way, mostly confined to the southwestern extents of the HLC block.

5.58. It is also of note that the proposal represents only a temporary intrusion upon the landscape, with part of the proposal referring to the decommissioning of the turbine and the restoration of the site to its former state. The historic landscape of the area has evolved over long periods of time in comparison to the projected ‘life’ of the proposed turbine installation and it is considered that the temporary effects of the proposal would not be material. Any negative effects would be contained to such a degree that any wider landscape designations are not unduly compromised, in particular where the landscape blocks as a whole are considered, rather than localised effects within them.

6. DISCUSSION

Introduction 6.1. Judgements on the value of the heritage resource and the scale of any likely impact resulting from the proposed turbine installation and associated infrastructure works are informed by the following policy documents and guidance. Whilst monuments and heritage assets in Wales are not the remit of English Heritage, Cadw’s advice is that the suite of English Heritage documents relating to setting etc are a valid source of information when considering issues in Wales.

x Planning Policy Wales (Edition 5, November 2012)

x The setting of heritage assets – English Heritage guidance (English Heritage 2011);

x Seeing the history in the view – a method for assessing heritage significance within views (English Heritage 2011);

x The Hedgerows Regulations 1997

x Conservation Principles, Policies and Guidance for the Sustainable Management of the Historic Environment (CPPG; English Heritage 2008); and

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x Design Manual for Roads and Bridges Volume 11 Section 3 Part 2 HA 208/07: Cultural Heritage.

Identified heritage assets and sensitive receptors 6.2. A heritage asset may be defined as a building, monument, site, place, area or landscape positively identified as having a degree of significance meriting consideration in planning decisions, because of its heritage interest. Heritage assets include designated heritage assets and assets identified by the local planning authority (including local listing).

6.3. This assessment has identified a number of designated and undesignated heritage assets and historic landscape blocks within the site and both Study Areas, some of which may be considered sensitive receptors likely to be affected by the proposed development.

Archaeological potential 6.4. This assessment has identified no recorded archaeological activity at the Site, although there are some significant archaeological remains within the 2km Study Area, in general relating to prehistoric religious, ritual or funerary monuments, Iron Age defended sites and enclosures, early medieval castles and later land division, settlement and agriculture.

6.5. Given the evidence, it has been be assessed that the Site has a low potential to contain significant archaeological remains, due in large part to its rural location within an area of land which appears to have been subject to agricultural usage since at least the medieval period.

6.6. The apparent lack of any recent arable farming at the Site suggests that any upstanding archaeological features, such as prehistoric barrows or ditch and bank enclosures would have survived well if present. No such remains were observed during the site visit.

6.7. It is likely that any archaeological remains within the Site would comprise features relating to agriculture, such as former land divisions and/or drainage features. The potential for buried archaeological features from earlier periods is recognised, and, if present, these are likely to be relatively well-preserved.

Previous and existing impacts 6.8. The Site is likely to have been located within relatively uncultivated agricultural land, since at least the medieval period. Given that environmental conditions in the broader landscape may have changed prior to the medieval period, the potential for archaeological sites or features of prehistoric or post-Roman date is recognised. If present, these sites/features are likely to be relatively well preserved.

6.9. Evidence for post-medieval or later intrusions which could have impacted upon the archaeological remains, where present, is restricted to the very limited 20th century removal of field boundaries in the broader environs of the Site. Given the agricultural nature of the Site, and the fact that it has remained almost completely unchanged since the 19th century, it is likely that historic impacts upon any buried archaeological resource would be limited to damage associated with tree or hedgerow removal or the addition of below ground drainage features.

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Impact of proposed development Direct impacts

6.10. Direct impacts as a result of the proposed construction works are of relatively small scale, limited to the 10m x 10m turbine base, the 15m x 15m temporary crane pad and underground cabling works (Appendix 3). Whilst specifics of design relating to excavated depths are not clearly defined at this stage, it is clear that construction works will result in disturbance to, and removal of, underlying deposits, if/where present across the Site.

6.11. The proposed construction, therefore, has the potential to result in damage to buried archaeological features which may be present within the Site. This would in turn result in a loss of significance of these heritage assets.

Indirect impacts

6.12. Whilst the turbine will be a significant feature within the local landscape, it is reflective of modern attitudes to renewable energy and the reduction of carbon emissions, both locally and nationally. These constructions are increasingly an acceptable addition to the 21st century rural landscape and as such their impact should not be viewed as wholly negative.

6.13. A number of designated heritage assets have been subject to detailed settings assessment, both within the 2km study area and the wider 5km study area.

6.14. Following completion of a ZTV and a scoping exercise based on both the ZTV and individual site visits, designated heritage assets within the study areas which were subject to detailed setting assessment comprised one Scheduled Monument, one Registered Park and two Listed Buildings. Neither of these heritage assets has been assessed to be subject to any discernible impact as a result of the proposed turbine installation or the heritage assets’ proximity to it.

6.15. Potential effects on two areas of Protected Landscape were also assessed, where it was considered that any adverse effects were extremely localised and would not impact on the overall special character or significance of the Protected Landscape areas.

6.16. The turbine location is situated in an area of historic landscape with a recognised time depth and historical value and a very localised effect on the HLC is assessed in areas that lie in very close proximity to the turbine as adverse. It should be noted, however, that the proposal represents only a temporary intrusion upon the landscape, with part of the proposal referring to the decommissioning of the turbine and the restoration of the site to its former state. The historic landscape of the area has evolved over long periods of time in comparison to the projected ‘life’ of the proposed turbine installation and it is considered that the temporary effects of the proposal would not be material. Any negative effects would be contained to such a degree that any wider landscape designations are not unduly compromised, in particular where the landscape blocks as a whole are considered, rather than localised effects within them.

7. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

General 7.1. The effect of the development proposals on the identified historic environment resource will be a material consideration in the determination of the planning application. This

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assessment has identified no overriding cultural heritage constraints, direct or indirect, which should prohibit development.

7.2. This notwithstanding, the assessment has established that there is a limited archaeological interest within the Site, defined as the potential for the presence of buried archaeological remains, most likely representative of post-medieval and later agricultural activity. Whilst a lower potential for features and finds relating to the prehistoric and later archaeological periods has been assessed, the potential is nonetheless recognised. Any sites or features relating to these archaeological periods are likely to be buried at some depth and thus relatively well-preserved.

Mitigation 7.3. Given the nature of the proposal, it is unlikely that any effective mitigation measures may be adopted with regard to the visual impact of the turbine on designated sites and monuments within the wider landscape, where intervisibility is shared and a negative effect has been identified. Equally, effects on the Historic Landscape Character of the area are also unlikely to be able to be subject to any effective mitigatory measures.

7.4. The evidence presented above suggests that the nature and date of any buried archaeological features is likely to be such that further archaeological investigations need not be undertaken at the pre-determination stage. Further works, secured via a standard archaeological condition attached to any consent granted, should comprise an archaeological watching brief maintained during construction works.

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8. SOURCES AND REFERENCES

Written Sources Armour Heritage 2014. Milton Manor Wind Turbine, Milton, Pembrokeshire: Specification for Archaeological Assessment (Unpublished)

Cadw 2011. Conservation Principles for the Sustainable Management of the Historic Environment in Wales (Cadw)

Dyfed Archaeological Trust Historic Environment Record

English Heritage 2008. Conservation Principles: Policies and guidance for the sustainable management of the historic environment (EH)

English Heritage 2010. Understanding Place: Historic Area Assessments in a Planning and Development Context (EH)

English Heritage 2011a. Seeing History in the View (EH)

English Heritage 2011b. The Setting of Heritage Assets: English Heritage Guidance (EH)

English Heritage 2011c. Valuing Places: Good Practice in Conservation Areas (EH)

Institute for Archaeologists 2012. Standard and Guidance for desk-based assessment (IfA)

Online and Digital Sources Archaeology Data Service Archwilio British Geological Survey Online Cadw Dyfed Archaeological Trust Coflein Google Earth Heritage Gateway Landmap

Cartographic sources 1839 Carew Parish tithe map (Copy: not reproduced) 1869 1:10,560 Ordnance Survey map 1890 1:10,560 Ordnance Survey map (not reproduced) 1907 1:2,500 Ordnance Survey map (not reproduced) 1964 1: 10,560 Ordnance Survey map (not reproduced) 1975-79 1:10,000 Ordnance Survey map (not reproduced) 2010 1:10 000 Ordnance Survey map (not reproduced)

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Appendix 1: Gazetteer of heritage assets

FIG. CADW/DA NAME TYPE PERIOD SUMMARY STATUS EAST NORTH REF. T REF. Designated Monuments (Cadw data: 5km study area) Scheduled Monuments

The castle was established in the opening years of the 12th century at a time when southern Pembrokeshire was being divided up between the Normans. It is known that there was an earlier fortress on the site. This was Scheduled SM1 PE001 Carew Castle Motte & Bailey Medieval occupied through the Roman and early medieval period 204529 203763 Monument and may have still been in use when the Normans arrived. The present castle is a late thirteenth-early fourteenth century building with later modifications and additions.

The site of the Bishops’ Palace at Lamphey was an estate of St. David’s from before the Norman invasion until the Reformation. The date of the original timber Scheduled SM2 PE003 Lamphey Palace Palace Medieval 201869 200916 construction remains unknown; the earliest surviving Monument elements, being the limestone rubble western Old Hall and undercroft, date to the early 13th century.

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Manorbier is an early 12th century and later castle with substantial stone buildings erected before 1200. The site was largely rebuilt in stone in the 13th and early 14th centuries, and re-fortified in the 17th. The Scheduled SM3 PE004 Manorbier Castle Castle Medieval 206425 197816 surviving remains consist of an inner enclosure, about Monument 76m by 44m, and an outer, about 100m by 76m, laid out along an east-west inland promontory above the confluence of two streams.

The Carew Cross stands in the grounds of Carew Castle, Early but is known to have moved at least twice since its Scheduled SM4 PE009 Carew Cross Cross 204677 203708 Medieval construction in the decades preceding the Norman Monument Conquest.

An earthfast capstone, 4.0m by 2.5m and 0.5m thick, is supported by upright slabs to the N and W, another, to King's Quoit Burial Chambered Scheduled SM5 PE035 Prehistoric the E, having fallen. The capstone is thought to have 205943 197286 Chamber tomb Monument been derived from a neighbouring outcrop of upright slabs.

Carew bridge consists of a causeway across the ponded Scheduled SM6 PE083 Carew Bridge Bridge Medieval tidal Carew River rising to a central humped backed 204756 203822 Monument bridge.

Hodgeston A moated platform, 26m square, upon which a small Scheduled SM7 PE246 Moated Site Medieval 202912 199452 Moated Site building stood until c. 1870. Monument

Park Rath is a roughly circular enclosure, c. 55m in Scheduled SM8 PE261 Park Camp Enclosure Prehistoric diameter, ditched and banked, with an entrance to the 206303 204860 Monument south.

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Carew Beacon Scheduled SM9 PE311 Round barrow Prehistoric Two Bronze Age barrows adjacent to The Ridgeway. 204234 200781 Round Barrows Monument

A turf-covered barrow 30m in diameter and 2m high. Round Barrow N Scheduled SM10 PE328 Round barrow Prehistoric Excavations in the 1930s showed it to be of composite 204314 205799 of Rosemary Lane Monument type with a central cairn covered by a clay mound.

A turf-covered mound measuring 24m in diameter and 1m high. In the late 19th century the barrow was Round Barrow S Scheduled SM11 PE329 Round barrow Prehistoric damaged by drainage trenching. A local informant 204231 205363 of Rosemary Lane Monument recalled (in 1965) having seen bones and metal beneath a stone slab during that event.

This is a small outbuilding at the north-east end of the range with stone walls and a (modern) slate gabled Medieval Building Building Scheduled SM12 PE401 Medieval roof, of one storey and a loft. It is rectangular in ground 199466 199478 at Kingston Farm (Unclassified) Monument plan and incorporates a vaulted ground floor chamber of medieval Pembrokeshire style and a first floor hall.

West Tarr is a vaulted first-floor hall and tower house, West Tarr Vaulted House likened to Irish early modern towerhouses. Of uncertain Scheduled SM13 PE423 Medieval 208911 200803 Hall House (domestic) date, it is a very small house with a vaulted roof and Monument undercroft.

Round Barrow Remains of an earthen round barrow, discovered by Scheduled SM14 PE453 110m S W of the Round barrow Prehistoric 207936 203860 Dyfed Archaeological Trust during a field assessment. Monument Hoyles

Manorbier Probably 12th-13th century. Rubble. Dormed roof. Scheduled SM15 PE459 Dovecote Medieval 206267 197856 Dovecot Central opening. Approx. 240 holes. Monument

Bier Hill Round Group of four Bronze Age round barrows south of The Scheduled SM16 PE470 Round barrow Prehistoric 207022 200101 Barrows Ridgeway Monument

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A roughly levelled circular platform on a NE-facing slope Defended is enclosed by a 0.9m high bank with an outer ditch Enclosure 800m Enclosure - Scheduled SM17 PE546 Prehistoric around the upper half and a scarp around the built up 202152 205538 NNE of Upton Defensive Monument lower half. Probably entered on the SE, it has an Farm average diameter of 40m.

Listed Buildings (2km study area, all Grades; 5km study area Grades I & II*)

C12/C13 with C18 restoration of S door and windows, LB1 6032 Upton Chapel Chapel Medieval and C20 restoration of interior. Essentially the private I 202091 204699 chapel of Upton Castle.

St Mary's church, Carew Cheriton dates from the 14th Church Of St. century. The nave, aisles, and porch were added in the LB2 6007 Church Medieval I 204569 202804 Mary 15th century, the tower added c.1500. There were various 19th century alterations.

LB3 5976 Manorbier Castle Castle Medieval See SM3 I 206395 197793

Earliest surviving fabric is the C12 nave. Building greatly LB4 5975 St James' Church Church Medieval enlarged during C12-C13. Major restoration undertaken I 206501 197645 in 1865-8.

St Mary's School House is a freestanding, two storey building, oriented east-west in Carew churchyard. Old Mortuary Called the 'school-house' in 1625, and used as such until LB5 5945 Chapel Medieval I 204533 202831 Chapel 1872, the building was also a possible mortuary chapel, the vaulted undercroft being an ossary, possibly dating from the early 14-15th century.

LB6 5937 Carew Castle Castle Medieval See SM1 I 204500 203769

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Lamphey Bishop's LB7 17393 Palace Medieval See SM2 I 201850 200895 Palace West Tarr LB8 16920 House Medieval See SM13 I 208896 200800 Mediaeval House

Two storeys, symmetrical facade, with solid parapet, a Post- LB9 6554 Welston Court House 3-window centre block and outer bowed ends. II 203247 202157 medieval Balustered upstand over centre.

Post- Early 19th century, 2 storey, hipped roof; recessed LB10 5946 Grove Manor House II 204570 202772 medieval sashes. East bow projection, arched entrance.

St. Mary's Post- LB11 5944 Wall Walls to church II 204511 202833 Churchyard Wall medieval Milepost at Post- LB12 18218 junction of A477 Milestone Milestone II 204583 203111 medieval with A4075 LB13 18211 Telephone Kiosk Kiosk Modern Red Telephone Box II 204094 203128 Post- LB14 18210 Milton Bridge Bridge Road bridge II 204113 203128 medieval

Hayes Farmhouse Post- LB15 18209 Farm Buildings Farm Buildings II 204840 201002 and Cartsheds medieval

Old School and Post- St Mary's School House is a freestanding, two storey LB16 18208 Schoolteacher's School II 204565 202918 medieval building, oriented east-west in Carew churchyard. House Post- LB17 18207 Old Almshouses Almshouses Almshouses. II 204517 202856 medieval Barn at Upper Post- LB18 15664 Barn Farm building. II 202511 201328 Lamphey Farm medieval

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Carew Tide Mill, otherwise known as The French Mill is a stately 19th century corn mill set on a causeway or French Mill and LB19 6038 Mill Modern dam across a tidal creek below Carew Castle. A mill is II* 204155 203831 Tidal Barrier mentioned in 1541 and the causeway and its floodgates in 1615.

Church of St LB20 6008 Church Medieval Medieval Church II* 208231 201159 Florence

A winged 17th century house, incorporating earlier LB21 5986 Norchard House Medieval fabric on the E. Two storeys with attics, roofed with thin II* 208185 199465 slate.

Early 18th century two storey house, rendered and Sunny Hill Post- lined as ashlar over rubble build, with mid 18th century LB22 5984 House II* 206224 199974 Farmhouse medieval East wing, weather-boarded and shingled over a light timber frame.

Probably 12th-13th century. Rubble. Dormed roof. LB23 5977 Dovecote Dovecote Medieval II* 206267 197855 Central opening. Approx. 240 holes.

A Greek revival mansion built in 1823 out of the profits LB24 5968 Lamphey Court Hotel Modern II* 201712 201104 of the West Indian slave plantations. Now a hotel.

Hodgeston Parish Medieval free chapel including an important C14 LB25 5959 Church Medieval II* 202946 199378 Church chancel with decorated period sedilia and piscina.

The Fortified Restored 19th century. Rubble masonry. Mainly 2 LB26 5947 House Medieval II* 204452 202733 Rectory storey. Square tower. Recessed sashes. Stone stair.

Carew bridge consists of a causeway across the ponded Post- tidal Carew River rising to a central humped backed LB27 5939 Carew Bridge Bridge II* 204761 203827 medieval bridge. The present bridge is thought to be eighteenth century.

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Four Mediaeval Houses at Upper LB28 15663 Houses Medieval Group of medieval dwellings. II* 202520 201320 Lamphey Park Farm Registered Parks and Gardens (5km study area) PGW (Dy) Post- Landscape park; formal & informal gardens; walled RP1 Cosheston Hall Park & Gardens II 200367 204336 30(PEM) medieval kitchen garden.

Lamphey Bishop's Embanked park; walled park; fishponds; formal garden PGW (Dy) Medieval RP2 Palace & Lamphey Park & Gardens (Lamphey Palace). Formal terrace, informal gardens & II* 202579 201281 34(PEM) -Modern Court water features (Lamphey Court).

PGW (Dy) RP3 Upton Castle Park & Gardens Modern Formal garden; informal garden; arboretum. II 202123 204535 45(PEM) DAT-HER Data (2km study area) Prehistor 1 3506 Lamphey Lodge Burnt Mound None 202690 201480 ic Prehistor 2 3509 Hodgeston Hill Burnt Mound None 203060 200680 ic

A flintworking site shown on distribution map in 1963 Neolithic, (Wainwright 1963, plate x opp p104). The location of 3 3514 Hodgeston Hill Flint Working Site Mesolithi the site appears to be approximate. There are no details 203300 200400 c of the finds from this site. There is another possible flintworking site (PRN 3515) .

A flintworking site shown on distribution map in 1963 Neolithic, (Wainwright 1963, plate x opp p104). The location of 4 3515 Hodgeston Hill Flint Working Site Mesolithi the site appears to be approximate. There are no details 203600 200400 c of the finds from this site. There is another possible flintworking site (PRN 3514) .

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A flintworking site shown on distribution map in 1963 Neolithic, (Wainwright 1963, plate x opp p104). The location of 5 3516 Newton Lodge Flint Working Site Mesolithi the site appears to be approximate. There are no details 204300 200200 c of the finds from this site. There is another possible flintworking site (PRN 3517)

A flintworking site shown on distribution map in 1963 Neolithic, (Wainwright 1963, plate x opp p104). The location of 6 3517 Lord's Mead Flint Working Site Mesolithi the site appears to be approximate. There are no details 204800 200100 c of the finds from this site. There is another possible flintworking site (PRN 3517)

A group of two extant round barrows, PRNs 3501 and Round Barrow 3503, forming a barrow pair located on the Ridgeway, Carew-Hodgeston Bronze 7 47444 Pair, Round although there is the possibility that there was originally 204138 200810 Hill Age Barrow Cemetery a third barrow, PRN 3504, making this instead a barrow cemetery.

Findspot for a bronze age dagger found in 1998 by a Bronze 8 35901 None Findspot metal detectorist from a mound overlain by a boundary 203700 203300 Age wall on the south side of Radford Pill. JH May 1998

A possible round barrow site that was reportedly partly Hays, Carew Bronze excavated in 1826 and may have been found to include 9 3500 Round Barrow 203204 200964 Beacon Age an inhumation burial with artefacts, including a flint arrowhead and a probable funerary urn.

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One of two extant round barrows on this part of the Ridgeway, its twin PRN 3503 located c.100m away to Hays, Carew Bronze 10 3501 Round Barrow the east. A third barrow, PRN 3504, is recorded from 204138 200839 Beacon Age documentary sources as being 20 yards SW of this site, but there is no trace of this barrow today.

One of two extant round barrows on this part of the Ridgeway, its twin PRN 3501 located c.100m away to Hodgeston Hill Bronze 11 3503 Round Barrow the west. A third barrow, PRN 3504, is recorded from 204238 200790 Tumulus Age documentary sources as being 20 yards SW of PRN 3501, but there is no trace of this barrow today.

No trace of a barrow at this location. Possibly confused with PRN 3503 by the RCAHM in 1925 which recorded Hodgeston Hill Bronze 12 3504 Round Barrow the site as being 20 yards SW of PRN 3501 (whereas 204110 200810 Tumulus Age PRN 3503 lies 100m to the ESE). It is doubtful that a tumulus ever existed here. NC 2004.

Excavations here during the 1860s reportedly found Cremation Bronze 13 3510 South Hills evidence of Bronze Age cremation burials in funerary 203400 201500 Cemetery Age urns. RPS Trysor, August 2004

14 3513 Glom Farm Hillfort Iron Age None 203800 201300

Findspot for a Roman Trumpet Brooch, Bronze/Silver in 15 46050 None Findspot Roman 204500 200200 colour. PR 2002 based on Sandbrook Howells,M,1999.

Early medieval D site, ie. possible early medieval origins. Carew Parish Early 16 46777 Churchyard Churchyard occupied by the medieval Carew parish 204570 202810 Church Medieval church.

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Approximate findspot for seven sherds of Gravel Manorbier 17 7468 Findspot Medieval Tempered Ware? Found north of the railway line in 204500 200100 Newton Manorbier. MM 2004.

On the tithe schedule this area is referred to as "Wall Park" and consists of various earthworks, a hollow way, 18 7972 Wall Park Shrunken Village Medieval and a large rectangular building platform; these 204766 202767 features were noted during an aerial survey (James,TA 1978).

19 12007 Flemington Settlement Medieval None 205400 202000 20 12997 Milton Fulling Mill Medieval None 204000 203100

In the medieval period Lamphey Palace had an extensive park, which lay to the north and east of the Lamphey Deer 21 3508 Park Medieval palace on undulating land between the Lamphey to 202300 201300 Park Penally (Ridgeway) road on the south, a wooded valley known as The Coombes on the east, Deerpark

The mortuary chapel lies within St.Mary's churchyard Medieval and is probably 14th century. Its vaulted undercroft was 22 3498 Carew Churchyard School, Chapel , post- originally a charnel house, latterly used to house 204530 202820 medieval paupers, and currently used as a store room. The building is known locally as "The Oratory"

Post- Large, aisled medieval parish church. See churchyard Carew Parish medieval 23 3492 Church PRN 46777 for site description and management 204569 202804 Church , recommendations. NDL 2002 medieval

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The origins of Carew Rectory are medieval and the Post- oldest part of the building is the west range. Later a The Fortified medieval 24 6642 Fortified House three storey defensive tower was added at its east end. 204450 202730 Rectory , After being used to house a garrison in the Civil War it medieval fell into disuse.

Post- medieval 25 13867 Lake Common Common Land None 204500 202800 , medieval

Post- A small, 2-storey, late medieval building, a typical medieval example of a mediaeval house for this region with later 26 17926 Lamphey Lodge Lodge,Farmhouse 202530 201320 , additions and an early 19th century threshing barn. JH medieval based on WO 1995.

Post- Manorbier medieval 27 28077 Settlement None 204600 199600 Newton , medieval

Low earthworks possibly platforms recognized by J. Post- Kissock in a corner of a field near to St Mary's Church.; A medieval 28 30123 Carew Cheriton Platform probable building platform terraced into a gently 204520 202929 , sloping (E-W) ground. It is a rectilinear earthwork, long medieval axis N-S, measuring 8m x 15m

Post- Cropmarks noted here by J. Kissock on aerial medieval photographs. Photos no referenced. The cropmarks are 29 30127 Great Dairy Hayes Unknown 204500 202700 , indeterminate but perhaps consist of a tracking with medieval enclosure to the S.

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A series of cropmarks are visible on APs, in the field immediately W of Carew parish churchyard PRN 46777 Deserted 30 46778 Carew Cheriton Medieval and immediately N of the Old Rectory PRN . At least 3 204500 202800 Settlement linear cropmarks appear to be represented, and 2 possible house platforms. NDL 2002

Post- 31 3502 Carew Beacon Beacon None 204120 200830 medieval

Historic home. Walter Cuney is said to have lived here Post- 32 6645 Welston Court Dwelling and entertained Oliver Cromwell here during the seige 203250 202160 medieval of Pembroke. RPS July 2001

Post- 33 6646 The Vicarage Vicarage None 204570 202772 medieval Post- Occupied farmhouse associated with outbuildings. RPS 34 7820 West Jordanston Farmhouse 205940 201040 medieval July 2001

A carding mill marked on the 1st edition 25" OS map and located on the south shore of the upper reaches of Post- 35 7970 Milton Carding Mill Radford Pill. A weir and mill race diverted river water to 203958 203316 medieval the mill. Later maps do not indicate the presence of this mill (RSR April 1999)

A grist, or corn, mill due north of the former mill pond, Post- PRN 33754, and fed by at least one leat. Marked on the 36 7971 Milton Grist Mill Mill 204060 203090 medieval 1st edition 25" Ordnance Survey map of 1875 (RSR March 1999)

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Radford quarry was formerly a major commercial limestone quarry linked to the natural waterway of Post- 37 15204 Radford Mill Limestone Quarry Radford Pill by excavated channels which enabled boats 204070 203360 medieval to dock whilst loading stone. RSR April 1999 after SPARC 1996.

A long two arched stone bridge spanning the marshy upper reaches of Radford Pill in the village of Milton. Post- 38 15205 Milton Bridge Bridge Construction was completed in 1820, built by John 204113 203128 medieval Evans of Cosheston. The bridge reputedly replaced a ford.

A former limestone quarry, close to Milton, marked as Post- such on 2nd edition OS map of 1908, but shown with a 39 15206 None Limestone Quarry 203900 203200 medieval lime kiln, PRN 37086, on 1st edition OS map of 1887. HJ June 1999

This building, used as a smithy, lies next to the modern posEHEHt office and was built by William and James Blacksmiths Post- Rogers in or 40 15207 None 203980 203070 Workshop medieval ar2000.12.15/DAT/RJoEH2000.12.15/DAT/RJEH2000.12. 15/DAT/RJund 1841. RSR April 1999, after SPARC 1996 2000.12.15/DAT/RJ

This building was purpose-built as a mixed National Post- School in 1872 replacing the Oratory or Chapel building 41 15208 None School 204560 202920 medieval (PRNs 3498 & 33751) which had been used as the school from at least 1625.

Post- 42 15229 None Folly None 202230 201800 medieval

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Post- 43 15230 None Quarry None 202400 200650 medieval Post- 44 15423 Dewslake Bridge None 202650 200780 medieval Post- 45 15972 None Lime Kiln None 204580 199780 medieval Post- 46 30161 Carew Cheriton Terrace None 204650 202870 medieval

Post- Formerly an alms house, built in 1830, now the parish 47 33739 None Bier House 204570 202850 medieval bier house. See PRN 33741. RSR April 1999.

Post- 48 33740 None Almshouse None 204517 202856 medieval

Parish records show that a row of nine alms houses were built probably in 1830 and these are likely to have Post- 49 33741 None Almshouse either replaced or been added to ones which previously 204560 202830 medieval existed. In the 19th century they were referred to collectively as "Alms Row".

A terrace of cottages dating from at least 1782 situated Post- in "Cheriton Back", there were 5 in all and they were 50 33742 None Terrace 204570 202890 medieval probably re-built in the early 19th century. RSR April 1999, after SPARC 1996.

A bridge on the Paddock Lane route between Milton and Carew Cheriton. This route was earlier known as Post- 51 33743 Hobbs Bridge Bridge Milton Back Churchway and was a busy path to the 204310 202880 medieval church and school from Milton to Carew Cheriton, a fact which draws attention to the two community's cl

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Ceased brewing by 1910. Ownership 1871- Thomas Milton Brewery Post- Griffiths; 1891- Mrs Thomas Griffiths; 1895- John Jones; 52 33744 Public House 204070 203150 Freehouse medieval 1901- Mrs Elizabeth Jones. Premises continued as public house. Now closed (?) (SR 5/9/2011)

A small conical limekiln thought to be associated with Dairy Hays farm close by to the east and probably the Post- 53 33745 None Lime Kiln recipient of limestone from the former quarry, PRN 204664 202842 medieval 37464, situated next to it to the south-west. RSR April 1999.

Post- 54 33746 Lower Welston Farmstead Working farmstead complex. RPS August 2001 203280 202370 medieval

Post- There is no evidence for a farmstead complex on late 55 33747 Frogland Farmstead 204430 202230 medieval 20th century OS maps. RPS August 2001

Post- 56 33748 Hays Farmstead Working farmstead complex. RPS August 2001 204790 201020 medieval Post- 57 33749 Houghton Farmstead Working farmstead complex. RPS August 2001 204710 201650 medieval Post- 58 33750 Poyerston Farmstead Farmstead complex. RPS August 2001 202680 202530 medieval Post- 59 33751 St. Mary's Church School None 204530 202830 medieval Post- 60 33752 Honey Park Farmstead Farmstead complex in Carew Cheriton. RPS August 2001 204530 202830 medieval

A carding mill, now ruined, marked on the 1st edition Post- 25" Ordnance Survey map of 1875. It was part of the 61 33753 Milton House Carding Mill 204097 203030 medieval milling complex centred around the Milton House mill pond, PRN 33754. (RSR April 1999)

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Milton Manor, Milton, Tenby, Pembrokeshire: Heritage Statement & Heritage Asset Impact Assessment

An extensive mill pond with leats running from it to the Post- grist mill, PRN 7971, and carding mills, PRN's 7970 & 62 33754 Milton House Mill Pond 204100 203000 medieval 33753, marked on the 1st edition 25" OS map of 1875. (RSR April 1999)

A lime kiln marked on the 1st edition 6" OS map of 1881 Post- but omitted from subsequent editions. It lay on south 63 37080 None Lime Kiln 203910 203150 medieval side of road opposite quarry, PRN 15206, near Milton. RSR March 1999.

A limestone quarry marked on the 1st & 2nd edition 6" OS maps of 1881 and 1908 and probably associated Post- 64 37464 None Limestone Quarry with limekiln, PRN 33745. Its proximity to the church 204620 202820 medieval and other buildings may also suggest that it was a source for building stone. RSR April 1999.

An artificial water channel dug to allow boats access to Post- 65 37465 None Water Channel the quarry, PRN 15204, for the loading of stone. RSR 204050 203360 medieval April 1999 Four Mediaeval Houses at Upper Post- 66 59402 House Grade II* listed house 202520 201320 Lamphey Park medieval Farm Barn at Upper Post- 67 59403 Barn Grade II listed barn 202511 201328 Lamphey Barn medieval Old School and Post- 68 59536 Schoolteacher's School Grade II listed school 204565 202918 medieval House

Hayes Farmhouse Post- 69 59537 House Grade II listed house 204840 201002 and Cartsheds medieval

Telephone Call- Post- 70 59538 Telephone Kiosk Grade II listed telephone call-box 204094 203128 box medieval

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Milepost at Post- 71 59544 junction of A477 Milepost Grade II listed milepost 204580 203109 medieval with A4075 St. Mary's Post- 72 60017 Churchyard Wall Grade II listed churchyard wall 204511 202833 Churchyard Wall medieval Old Mortuary Post- 73 60018 Chapel Grade I listed chapel 204533 202831 Chapel medieval The Fortified Post- 74 60019 Rectory Grade II* listed rectory 204452 202733 Rectory medieval

Complex of buildings recorded at Fern Hill farmstead on Post- 75 103360 Fern Hill Farmstead the 1907 2nd edition Ordnance Survey map. Not shown 204670 200300 medieval on mastermap (M.Ings, 2012)

Cottage and garden, incorporating a well and outbuilding, recorded on the 1907 2nd edition Stephen's Green Post- 76 103361 Cottage Ordnance Survey map. Not shown on mastermap and a 203720 201320 Cottage medieval recent aerial photograph shows the site within woodland (M.Ings, 2012)

Site of Flemington Mill recorded on the 1865 1st edition Post- 77 103362 Flemington Hall Mill Ordnance Survey map. It is shown in outline only on the 205070 202120 medieval 1907 2nd ed. OS. and is now ruinous (M.Ings, 2012)

BLENHEIM T1806 was one of 400 Bristol Blenheim IVs delivered between June and October 1940. The aircraft Bristol Blenheim 78 105180 Air Crash Site Modern belonged to 236 squadron and crashed on approach to 205000 202000 T1086 Carew Cheriton on 25 March 1941.Maritime Officer, RCAHMW, 2010

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Milton Manor, Milton, Tenby, Pembrokeshire: Heritage Statement & Heritage Asset Impact Assessment

This Battle was assigned to 35 Sqn based at Cranfield. It had detached 4 Battles and 8 air gunners to Carew FAIREY BATTLE 79 105327 Air Crash Site Modern Cheriton for air gunnery practice. On 29 October 1939, 205000 202000 K9472 the aircraft was seen circling and may have been on fire by the time it crashed.

Air Raid shelter located adjacent to pillbox PRN 26143. RAF Carew 80 105895 Air Raid Shelter Modern Precast concrete stanton shelter, semi-sunken. 204810 202950 Cheriton Doorways in both ends.

Sunken brick revetted structure, circular in plan c2.44m RAF Carew Gun diameter with a recess in northeast side. Accessed in 81 105896 Modern 204808 202971 Cheriton Emplacement the north side by L-shape trench (0.75m wide, c1.80 long) with shallow steps to east.

A spigot mortar gun emplacement, positioned in good RAF Carew Spigot Mortar 82 105914 Modern vantage point overlooking the bridge across the river 204215 203231 Cheriton Emplacement bridge at Milton which formed the old road.

Lying to the southwest of RAF Carew Cheriton Airfield RAF Carew 83 105918 hangar Modern boundary, as defined on the Air Ministry maps of 1945, 205225 202325 Cheriton though visible on the contemporary air photos

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Milton Manor, Milton, Tenby, Pembrokeshire: Heritage Statement & Heritage Asset Impact Assessment

Site of a motley stalk gun emplacement, which consisted of two vertically set large concrete sewer RAF Carew Gun 84 105919 Modern pipes located within a hedgerow. Site identified by the 205530 201780 Cheriton Emplacement landowner who can recall the site being damaged when the hedgerow was removed.

Structure demolished, circular concrete base remains. RAF Carew 85 100753 Static Tank Modern AMWD drawing TD4168. Building 138 Record Site Plan 204850 202760 Cheriton 1641/46.

An Air Raid Shelter, semi sunken within the former Airmen's quarters at Carew Airfield. A Stanton RAF Carew 86 102489 Air Raid Shelter Modern parabolic, precast concrete design with a brick 204630 202970 Cheriton entrance, damaged, and a concrete 'chimney' or escape hatch at the other end. Visited in January 2012.

The site of the former 'Airmen's Quarters' situated to RAF Carew the west of Carew Cheriton Airfield. There were 8 huts 87 102490 Barracks Modern 204670 202990 Cheriton located in this field, each numbered and identified on the Air MInistry Plan of 1946 as 'Laing' huts.

Identified on the Air Ministry Plan as No 153 'R U RAF Carew Pyrotechnic Store'. Brick built single storey building with 88 102493 Store Modern 205040 202560 Cheriton 3 cubicles, each with a single doorway in the south elevation. Flat felt and pitch roof. No doors survive.

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Latrines associated with Carew Airfield. Rectangular RAF Carew building, now roofless. Wall line indicates a single pitch 89 102494 Latrine Modern 205050 202550 Cheriton roof. Within traces of urinals and cubicles. Adjacent to RU Pyrotechnic store (PRN 102493). A Pyper 2012.

Brick built transformer structure. Approx 2m high brick wall with brick blast wall protecting entrance. C 6m RAF Carew 90 102495 Military Structure Modern square. Concrete inscribed plaque beside the entrance 205070 202480 Cheriton says 'Danger Alive'. Inside concrete engine beds survive. A Pyper 2012.

Graffittied Beech tree to the east of the enclosure in which the barrack huts for the personnel from RAF RAF Pembroke 91 102539 Graffiti Modern Pembroke Dock were stationed during the Second 202000 200910 Dock World War. Various initials inscribed and dates, one of which appears to be 'RAF 1940'. A Pyper 2013

RAF Carew Bomb stores at Carew Cheriton Airfield. See RJC 92 26136 Munition House Modern 205620 202440 Cheriton Thomas's description. A Pyper 2012.

No 119 on Air MInistry plan, ' Incendiary and Pyro' RAF Carew stores, see RJC Thomas description. Located in a field 93 26137 Bomb Store Modern 205510 202460 Cheriton grazed by cattle and unused when visited in 2012. A Pyper 2012.

RAF Carew Brick built transformer plinth - see RJC Thomas's 94 26138 Transformer Box Modern 205550 202370 Cheriton description. Located within a grazed field. A Pyper 2012.

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Milton Manor, Milton, Tenby, Pembrokeshire: Heritage Statement & Heritage Asset Impact Assessment

Indentified as No 157 'Flame Float Store' on the Air Ministry plan, a rectangular flat roofed building. See RJC RAF Carew 95 26139 Military Store Modern Thomas's description. Cement render is falling away and 205360 202448 Cheriton brick eroding especially at the eastern end. A Pyper 2012.

Semi sunken 'bomb fusing point', see RJC Thomas description. A Pyper 2012.1938-45, Bomb Fuzing RAF Carew Bomb Fuzing 96 26140 Modern Building/Bomb Fuzing Point, now derelict. Earth banked 205000 202670 Cheriton Point and covered, 'Nissen' hut, with large entrance doors in each gable wall reached by a sunken roadway.

Identified on Air Ministry plans as 'Workshops'. See RJC Thomas' description below. When visited in 2012 was in RAF Carew 97 26141 Workshop Modern industrial use. A Pyper 2012.1938-45, Workshop, now 204950 202740 Cheriton used as a builders store. Single storey, four ranges built around a courtyard.

Identified on Air Ministry plan as 'Main Stores, with unloading platform'. See RJC Thomas's description RAF Carew 98 26142 Military Store Modern below. Modified, with new roof on central range and 204920 202820 Cheriton openings blocked up. When visited in 2012 was a garage workshop. A Pyper 2012. 1938-45.

Brick built semi-sunken pillbox, irregular hexangonal with D shaped anti-aircraft light machine gun RAF Carew 99 26143 Pill Box Modern emplacement to the north. Wide embrasure to the 204812 202957 Cheriton southeast, narrow loops to the northeast, northwest and southwest.

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Brick built square structure c 3m wide, approx 1 m high wall, with a wrap around brick blast wall at the RAF Carew 100 26144 Military Structure Modern entrance. Thought to be a transformer plinth associated 204837 203004 Cheriton with Carew Airfield. Visited in January 2012. A Pyper 2012.1938-45, derelict, square plan.

An Air Raid Shelter, semi sunken within the former Airmen's quarters at Carew Airfield. A Stanton RAF Carew 101 26145 Air Raid Shelter Modern parabolic, precast concrete design with a brick 204660 203050 Cheriton entrance, damaged, and a concrete 'chimney' or escape hatch at the other end. Visited in January 2012. A.

A square concrete lined water tank, fenced off with RAF Carew Emergency Water 102 26146 Modern tubular steel double railings. Identified on the Air 204706 202996 Cheriton Supply Ministry Plan as No. 151 Static tank.

An Air Raid Shelter, semi sunken within the former Airmen's quarters at Carew Airfield. A parabolic, precast RAF Carew 103 26147 Air Raid Shelter Modern concrete design with a brick entrance, damaged, and a 204715 202984 Cheriton concrete 'chimney' or escape hatch at the other end. Visited in January 2012. A. Pyper 2

1938-45, Air Raid Shelter, now derelict. Semi-sunken, parabolic pre-cast concrete bolted panels earth RAF Carew 104 26148 Air Raid Shelter Modern covered. Entrance in south wall accessed by steps 204820 203110 Cheriton protected by a brick blast wall. RJC.Thomas, 11.01.93.

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1938-45, Emergency Water Supply/Static Water Tank RAF Carew Emergency Water (10,000 Gallons), now derelict. Square sunken, concrete 105 26150 Modern 204870 203130 Cheriton Supply and brick pit, protected by galvanized steel pipe handrails. RJC.Thomas, 11.01.93.

A single bay gunnery turret trainer, brick built, Turret RAF Carew unrendered, with a double entrance on the south 106 26152 Instructional Modern 204910 203050 Cheriton elevation. Ventilation openings blocked with breeze Building block and modern steel doors

Located to the north of Flemington Farm is the Battle RAF Carew Battle 107 26157 Modern Headquarters, associated with the defence of RAF 205440 202069 Cheriton Headquarters Carew Cheriton airfield

Brick built pillbox to the east of battleheadquarters (PRN 26157) Type 24 (irregular hexagonal), facing north RAF Carew 108 26158 Pill Box Modern towards the flying field of the RAF Carew Cheriton 205449 202065 Cheriton airfield. One wide embrasure to the north, narrow embrasures to the west, northwest, northea

Brick built pillbox to the northeast of battleheadquarters (PRN 26157) Based on Type 24 RAF Carew (irregular hexagonal) with D-shaped anti-aircraft light 109 26159 Pill Box Modern 205547 202095 Cheriton machine gun brick built pit to the south. Wide gun embrasures on the northwest, northeast, east and southeast

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Brick built transformer block situated near to the Main RAF Carew stores at Carew airfield. Access not gained when visited 110 26162 Transformer Box Modern 204950 202800 Cheriton in 2012. A Pyper 2012.1938-45, Transformer Plinth/Kiosk, now used as an incinerator.

1950-68 Royal Observer Corps, Observation Post, now Lamphey/Manorb used as a Radio Aerial Plinth. Pre-fabricated concrete 111 26174 Observation Post Modern 204170 200830 ier Post 13/E3 'Orlit Type B' post, and an undergroud nuclear fallout monitoring post. RJC.Thomas, 14.01.93.

1950-63, Royal Observer Corps, Early Warning, Lamphey/Manorb 112 26175 Observation Post Modern Observation Post, Orlit Type, now used as a radio aerial 204170 200830 ier Post 13/E4 plinth.

1963-68, Royal Observation Corps, Early Warning, Underground Monitoring Post, now derelict. Re- Lamphey/Manorb 113 26176 Observation Post Modern inforced concrete 15'x 7'6" (4.57 x 2.29m) underground 204180 200860 ier Post 13/E5 chamber, accessed by a vertical shaft via a hatch and steel rung ladder. Covered ventilator adjacent t

1942-, Early Warning, Observation Post, now demolished. A single storey, rectangular, brick built, flat Lamphey/Manorb 114 26177 Observation Post Modern concrete roof with small brick built shelter and 204160 200840 ier Post 13/E6 observation post on roof. RJC.Thomas, 14.01.93.

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1939-45, Womens Land Army, Hostel, present use agricultural. Consisting of truncated, single storey, brick Hodgeston Hill 115 26183 Hostel Modern construction hut, with a combined heaader water tank 203320 200870 Hostel tower and chimney. Small hut of unknown function, base of demolished hut and a septic tank.

1940-45, Ablutions/Latrines/Bath House, present use Hodgeston Hill low grade agricultural. Consisting of single storey, five 116 26184 Ablutions Block Modern 203320 200870 Hostel bay, brick construction, gabled corrugated asbestos roof.

1940-45, Store, now derelict. Consisting of single storey, 'temporary brick' fair faced, three doorways in Hodgeston Hill 117 26185 Storehouse Modern south west wall, sloped flat corrugated asbestos roof is 203360 200880 Hostel missing, originally carried on timber purlins, 4x1 bay. RJC.Thomas, 21.01.93.

Hodgeston Hill 1940-45, Hostel/Barracks. Rectangular brick plinth, 118 26186 Barracks Modern 203340 200880 Hostel concrete floor, hut demolished. RJC.Thomas. 21.01.93.

1940-45, Filter Bed/Septic Tank/Sewage Disposal, now Hodgeston Hill 119 26187 Sewage Works Modern derelict. Small rectangular, brick built combined filter 203303 200778 Hostel bed and septic tank. RJC.Thomas, 21.01.93.

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No crop mark is apparent on the 1955 Meridian vertical aerial photographs at the given grid reference. The site Unknown, 120 8393 Milton Unknown was originally created from an oblique black and white 203800 203100 Cropmark aerial photograph taken by JK Joseph at Cambridge. RSR April 1999.

A defended enclosure discovred by T Driver from aerial 121 52106 Nash Farm Enclosure Unknown 204820 201920 photographs. K Murphy 2004.

Post- 122 17924 None Lime Kiln None 204530 202580 medieval Post- 123 17975 None Quarry None 202660 202930 medieval

This building is now the Milton Manor hotel. Early in the 19th century the property was extensive, some 172 Post- 124 20828 Milton House Mansion acres, which included a grist mill, PRN 7971, carding 203910 202930 medieval mill, PRN 33753, and a mill pond, PRN 33754; the house at that time was known variously as M

Post- Record of mansion or country house at Lamphey Park, 125 21465 Lamphey Park Dwelling 202420 201150 medieval made by Samuel Lewis in 1833. RPS July 2001

This record is duplicated, please see PRN 26172 for full Airship Station, Post- details. World War One air station created in 1915 126 25548 RNAS Pembroke 205000 202000 Airfield medieval operated by the Royal Naval Air Service. It was an airship station until 1917 when aeroplanes were added.

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The settlement of Carew Cheriton lies just south of the Post- A477 and A4075 trunk road junction about 5kms to the 127 27063 Carew Cheriton Settlement 204500 202800 medieval west of Pembroke. The settlement is known to have existed since the early middle ages at least.

The settlement of Milton lies immediately north of the Post- A477 trunk road, about 5kms east of Pembroke, close to 128 27065 Milton Settlement 204100 203100 medieval the tidal limits of the Carew River. It is an irregular agglomeration without a green.

Post- 129 27069 Sageston Settlement None 205000 203000 medieval Post- 130 30156 Honeys Park Farm Farmstead Farmstead recorded in 1995. RPS August 2001 204300 203150 medieval Conservation Areas (5km study area) Medieval CA1 n/a Carew CA and post- Historic core, castle and environs n/a 204760 203723 medieval Medieval CA2 n/a Carew Cheriton CA and post- Medieval church & rectory area n/a 204537 202787 medieval Medieval CA3 n/a Cosheston CA and post- Village core n/a 200364 203659 medieval Medieval CA4 n/a Lamphey CA and post- Bishop's Palace and historic village core n/a 201593 200867 medieval Post- CA5 n/a St. Florence CA Historic village core n/a 208183 201101 medieval

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Appendix 2: Scoping Summary

DISTANCE FULL POTENTIAL REF TYPE NAME FROM SETTING REASON FOR EXCLUSION INTERVISIBILITY? SITE ASSESSED? Designated Monuments (English Heritage data: 5km study area) Scheduled Monuments No intervisibility with Site due to intervening SM1 SM Carew Castle 2.45km N Yes No housing and other buildings. No impact on setting. No intervisibility with Site due to local and SM2 SM Lamphey Palace 2.09km W Yes No intervening tree cover. No impact on setting. Outside ZTV. No intervisibility with Site. No impact SM3 SM Manorbier Castle 4.17km SE No No on setting. No intervisibility with Site due to intervening SM4 SM Carew Cross 2.48km NE Yes No housing and other buildings. No impact on setting. Outside ZTV. No intervisibility with Site. No impact SM5 SM King's Quoit Burial Chamber 4.44km SE No No on setting. No intervisibility with Site due to intervening SM6 SM Carew Bridge 2.49km N Yes No housing and other buildings. No impact on setting. 2.13km No intervisibility with Site due to local and SM7 SM Hodgeston Moated Site Yes No SW intervening tree cover. No impact on setting. No intervisibility with Site due to local and SM8 SM Park Camp 4.22km NE Yes No intervening tree cover. No impact on setting. SM9 SM Carew Beacon Round Barrows 550m SE Yes Yes n/a No intervisibility with Site due to local and SM10 SM Round Barrow N of Rosemary Lane 4.53km N Yes No intervening tree cover. No impact on setting. No intervisibility with Site due to local and SM11 SM Round Barrow S of Rosemary Lane 4.03km N Yes No intervening tree cover. No impact on setting.

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Milton Manor, Milton, Tenby, Pembrokeshire: Heritage Statement & Heritage Asset Impact Assessment

No intervisibility with Site due to local and SM12 SM Medieval Building at Kingston Farm 4.89km W Yes No intervening tree cover. No impact on setting. No intervisibility with Site due to local and SM13 SM West Tarr Vaulted Hall House 4.98km E Yes No intervening tree cover. No impact on setting. Round Barrow 110m S W of the No intervisibility with Site due to local and SM14 SM 4.87km NE Yes No Hoyles intervening tree cover. No impact on setting. Outside ZTV. No intervisibility with Site. No impact SM15 SM Manorbier Dovecot 4.12km SE No No on setting. No intervisibility with Site due to local and SM16 SM Bier Hill Round Barrows 3.3km E Yes No intervening tree cover. No impact on setting. Defended Enclosure 800m NNE of 4.66km No intervisibility with Site due to local and SM17 SM Yes No Upton Farm NW intervening tree cover. No impact on setting. Listed Buildings (1km study area, all Grades; 5km study area, Grades I & II*) No intervisibility with Site due to local and LB1 I Upton Chapel 3.9km NW Yes No intervening tree cover. No impact on setting. No intervisibility with Site due to intervening LB2 I Church Of St. Mary 1.55k N Yes No housing and other buildings. No impact on setting. Outside ZTV. No intervisibility with Site. No impact LB3 I Manorbier Castle 4.28km SE No No on setting. Outside ZTV. No intervisibility with Site. No impact LB4 I St James' Church 4.48km SE No No on setting. Outside ZTV. No intervisibility with Site. No impact LB5 I Old Mortuary Chapel 1.6km N No No on setting. No intervisibility with Site due to intervening LB6 I Carew Castle 2.45km N Yes No housing and other buildings. No impact on setting. No intervisibility with Site due to local and LB7 I Lamphey Bishop's Palace 2.09km W Yes No intervening tree cover. No impact on setting.

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Milton Manor, Milton, Tenby, Pembrokeshire: Heritage Statement & Heritage Asset Impact Assessment

No intervisibility with Site due to local and LB8 I West Tarr Mediaeval House 4.98km E Yes No intervening tree cover. No impact on setting. 1.17km No intervisibility with Site due to local and LB9 II Welston Court Yes No NW intervening tree cover. No impact on setting. Outside ZTV. No intervisibility with Site. No impact LB10 II Grove Manor 1.54km N No No on setting. Outside ZTV. No intervisibility with Site. No impact LB11 II St. Mary's Churchyard Wall 1.6km N No No on setting. Milepost at junction of A477 with LB12 II 1.88km N Yes No Roadside feature. No impact on setting. A4075 LB13 II Telephone Kiosk 1.82km N Yes No Urban feature. No impact on setting. No intervisibility with Site due to intervening LB14 II Milton Bridge 1.83km N Yes No housing and other buildings. No impact on setting. LB15 II Hayes Farmhouse and Cartsheds 855m SE Yes Yes n/a Old School and Schoolteacher's No intervisibility with Site due to intervening LB16 II 1.67km N Yes No House housing and other buildings. No impact on setting. Outside ZTV. No intervisibility with Site. No impact LB17 II Old Almshouses 1.62km N No No on setting. No intervisibility with Site due to intervening LB18 II Barn at Upper Lamphey Barn 1.54km W Yes No building. No impact on setting. No intervisibility with Site due to intervening LB19 II* French Mill and Tidal Barrier 2.52km N Yes No topography, trees and buildings. No impact on setting. No intervisibility with Site due to intervening LB20 II* Church of St Florence 4.18km E Yes No topography, trees and buildings. No impact on setting. Outside ZTV. No intervisibility with Site. No impact LB21 II* Norchard 4.52km SE No No on setting.

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Milton Manor, Milton, Tenby, Pembrokeshire: Heritage Statement & Heritage Asset Impact Assessment

Very limited intervisibility with blade tip. Combined LB22 II* Sunny Hill Farmhouse 2.57km SE Limited No with distance suggests no impact on setting.

Outside ZTV. No intervisibility with Site. No impact LB23 II* Dovecote 4.27km SE No No on setting. No intervisibility with Site due to intervening LB24 II* Lamphey Court 3.36km W Yes No topography, trees and buildings. No impact on setting. No intervisibility with Site due to intervening LB25 II* Hodgeston Parish Church 2.2km SW Yes No topography, trees and buildings. No impact on setting. Outside ZTV. No intervisibility with Site. No impact LB26 II* The Fortified Rectory 1.42km NE No No on setting. No intervisibility with Site due to intervening LB27 II* Carew Bridge 2.57km N No No topography, trees and buildings. No impact on setting. Four Mediaeval Houses at Upper LB28 II* 1.38km SE Yes Yes n/a Lamphey Park Farm Registered Parks and Gardens Separated from Site by adjacent urban Cosheston 4.46km RP1 II Cosheston Hall Yes No and A477 trunk road. No impact on essential or NW wider landscape setting. Lamphey Bishop's Palace & RP2 II* 1.05km W Yes Yes n/a Lamphey Court Bulk of parkland defined by, or covered with, trees. Essential setting not affected. Wider setting RP3 II Upton Castle 3.5km NW Yes No generally screened.

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Milton Manor, Milton, Tenby, Pembrokeshire: Heritage Statement & Heritage Asset Impact Assessment

Conservation Areas Setting considered to be confined to the Conservation Area and its very immediate environs CA1 n/a Carew 2.45km N Yes No only. Changes in wider landscape will not affect setting of a Conservation Area. Setting considered to be confined to the Conservation Area and its very immediate environs CA2 n/a Carew Cheriton 1.46km N only. Changes in wider landscape will not affect setting of a Conservation Area. Setting considered to be confined to the 4.26km Conservation Area and its very immediate environs CA3 n/a Cosheston NW only. Changes in wider landscape will not affect setting of a Conservation Area. Setting considered to be confined to the Conservation Area and its very immediate environs CA4 n/a Lamphey 2.09km W only. Changes in wider landscape will not affect setting of a Conservation Area. Setting considered to be confined to the Conservation Area and its very immediate environs CA5 n/a St. Florence 2.45km N No No only. Changes in wider landscape will not affect setting of a Conservation Area.

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Milton Manor, Milton, Tenby, Pembrokeshire: Heritage Statement & Heritage Asset Impact Assessment

Appendix 3: Wind Turbine Technical Specifications

61 Ref. AH167/2

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