LECTURE GUIDES

Richard O. Straub University of Michigan, Dearborn

to accompany

The Developing Person Through the Life Span EIGHTH EDITION

KATHLEEN STASSEN BERGER

WORTH PUBLISHERS Lecture Guides by Richard O. Straub to accompany Berger: The Developing Person Through the Life Span, Eighth Edition

© 2011 by Worth Publishers

All rights reserved.

Printed in the United States of America

The contents, or parts thereof, may be reproduced for use with The Developing Person Through the Life Span , Eighth Edition, by Kathleen Stassen Berger, but may not be reproduced in any other form for any other purpose without the prior written permission of the publisher.

ISBN 10: 1-4292-9017-X ISBN 13: 978-1-4292-9017-3

First printing

Worth Publishers 41 Madison Avenue New York, New York 10010 www.worthpublishers.com CONTENTS

Preface iv Suggestions for Planning a Life-Span Course v Audiovisual Materials xiii Audiovisual Descriptions by Textbook Chapter xiii Miscellaneous Worth Videos xlviii Film/Video Distributors xlix Instructor’s Video Tool Kit for Human Development lii Student Video Activities lv Chapter 1 Introduction 1 Chapter 2 Theories of Development 7 Chapter 3 Heredity and Environment 13 Chapter 4 Prenatal Development and Birth 19 Chapter 5 The First Two Years: Biosocial Development 25 Chapter 6 The First Two Years: Cognitive Development 31 Chapter 7 The First Two Years: Psychosocial Development 35 Chapter 8 Early Childhood: Biosocial Development 41 Chapter 9 Early Childhood: Cognitive Development 47 Chapter 10 Early Childhood: Psychosocial Development 51 Chapter 11 Middle Childhood: Biosocial Development 57 Chapter 12 Middle Childhood: Cognitive Development 63 Chapter 13 Middle Childhood: Psychosocial Development 67 Chapter 14 Adolescence: Biosocial Development 71 Chapter 15 Adolescence: Cognitive Development 75 Chapter 16 Adolescence: Psychosocial Development 79 Chapter 17 Emerging Adulthood: Biosocial Development 85 Chapter 18 Emerging Adulthood: Cognitive Development 89 Chapter 19 Emerging Adulthood: Psychosocial Development 93 Chapter 20 Adulthood: Biosocial Development 97 Chapter 21 Adulthood: Cognitive Development 103 Chapter 22 Adulthood: Psychosocial Development 107 Chapter 23 Late Adulthood: Biosocial Development 111 Chapter 24 Late Adulthood: Cognitive Development 117 Chapter 25 Late Adulthood: Psychosocial Development 123 Epilogue Death and Dying 129

iii PREFACE

These Lecture Guides may be of help, especially to those of you who are using this edition of Berger: The Developing Person Through the Life Span for the first time. They feature a brief preview, “What Have You Learned?” questions from the text, and a detailed guide to what is covered in each chapter of the textbook. Under each major heading, you will find reminders of the relevant materials in the Instructor’s Resources that you might want to use during your lectures. These guides are also available in Word format on the Instructor’s Resources CD-ROM and on the book’s Web site at www.worthpublishers.com/berger. Using this word-processing program you can tailor these materials to your specific needs, adding your own notes and anything else you find useful in preparing for your class. If you have suggestions for improving these guides, please let me know.

Richard O. Straub

iv SUGGESTIONS FOR PLANNING A LIFE - SPAN COURSE

The Instructor’s Resources that accompany Kathleen the integrity of the content. However, if you decide Berger’s developmental texts provide general sugges - not to assign these chapters, you might suggest tions and instructions for projects, PowerPoint presen - that the students read them after the course is tations, and audiovisual materials. These Lecture over. Guides provide information relevant to instructors 3. Within each chapter, you may decide to omit cer - teaching from The Developing Person Through the Life tain materials from required reading. For exam - Span, Eighth Edition. ple, you can tell your students that the A Case to Study features are not required reading. The top - ics covered are intended to be interesting and ORGANIZING YOUR COURSE reinforcing, but they are not crucial. (Note that Test Bank questions related to extraneous box material are labeled as such, so you can easily Course length and the number of hours that instruc - omit them from your exams.) tors spend with their students can vary widely from If you teach a twelve-week course, you might school to school. If time does not allow coverage of the want to use one of the following class schedules. entire text: Schedule A covers all 25 chapters plus the 1. You may have students skim certain sections of Epilogue of The Developing Person Through the the book, emphasizing general principles and Life Span . It is fairly fast-paced, so you will want deemphasizing details. The first two chapters can to omit specific topics and charts and emphasize be skimmed without jeopardizing the students’ more general principles. Schedule B omits the ability to understand the rest of the text. You can first two chapters and the last four (a practice you ask your students to read them quickly without might choose if your school has a separate course trying to remember every detail. However, you in gerontology) but includes time for class presen - should probably advise them to concentrate on tation or discussion of student projects. two topics in Chapter 1: the five developmental principles that are useful for understanding any age of human life and the steps of the scientific Week Schedule A Schedule B method. You should also alert them to two charts 1 Chapters 1 and 2 Chapters 3 and 4 in Chapter 2 that will be useful for later refer - 2 Chapters 3 and 4 Chapters 5 and 6 ence: the chart of Freudian and Eriksonian stages 3 Chapters 5 and 6 Chapters 7 and 8 and the chart of Piagetian periods of development. 4 Chapters 7 and 8 Chapters 9 and 10 The Epilogue on “Death and Dying” can also be 5 Chapters 9 and 10 Student reports omitted. 6 Chapters 11, 12, 13 Review and Alternatively, if most of your students are midterm exam preparing for a specific field or career, you may 7 Review and midterm Chapters 11, 12, 13 want to emphasize one of the domains over the exam others. For example, students planning teaching 8 Chapters 14, 15, 16 Chapters 14, 15, 16 careers might be told to concentrate on the cogni - 9 Chapters 17, 18, 19 Chapters 17 and 18 tive chapters and skim the biosocial chapters; 10 Chapters 20, 21, 22 Chapters 19 and 20 future nurses might be given opposite instruc - 11 Chapters 23, 24, 25 Chapters 21 and 22 tions. 12 Epilogue and review Student reports 2. You can omit portions of the life span from your Final exam Final exam course; the chronological organization of the text makes it easy to eliminate a section or sections, such as adulthood (Chapters 20, 21, 22) or late If time is no problem , you can cover each topic adulthood (Chapters 23, 24, 25), without harming in greater detail, asking students to spend more

v vi Suggestions for Planning a Life-Span Course

time on specific studies, charts, and theoretical Week Schedule A Schedule B concepts. You might want to devote extra atten - Second tion to Chapters 2 (Theories of Development), 3 Semester: (Heredity and Environment), 7 (The First Two Years: Psychosocial Development), 9 (The Play 16 Summary, Chapter 14 Years: Cognitive Development), 12 (The School Chapters 1, 2, 3 Years: Cognitive Development), 16 (Adolescence: 17 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 Psychosocial Development), 19 and 22 (Emerging 18 Chapter 15 Chapter 16 Adulthood and Adulthood: Psychosocial Develop- 19 Chapter 16 Chapter 17 ment). All these chapters are relatively long and 20 Chapter 17 Chapter 18 all raise interesting issues that can be further 21 Chapter 18 Chapter 19 explored by class assignments, movies, and dis - 22 Sectional exam (covering weeks 16–21) cussions. 23 Chapter 19 Chapter 20 and 21 You might also devote more time to individual 24 Chapter 20 and 21 Chapter 22 or class assignments, such as a special project in 25 Chapter 22 Chapter 23 which students work directly with children or the 26 Chapter 23 and 24 Chapter 24 elderly. Class time could be used for discussion of 27 Chapter 25 Chapter 25 the problems students encounter and insights 28 Epilogue Epilogue they gain in doing this project. In addition, class 29 Projects Projects time may be devoted to discussion of issues of spe - 30 Review and final examination cial interest to your students, for example, cogni - tive growth during the college years. THE SYLLABUS Following are two suggested schedules for a 30-week course. Schedule A would be appropriate On the first day of class, students should receive a syl - for two sequential semester courses, such as Early labus containing vital information about the course: Childhood (semester 1) and Adolescence and what will be covered, what will be expected of them, Adulthood (semester 2). It is assumed that stu - and how they will be graded. This helps them plan dents might select one or both courses, so the sec - their time to meet course requirements. The syllabus ond semester contains a review of the basics. also protects you: if questions arise over course requirements, policies, or due dates, you have made a Week Schedule A Schedule B clear statement from the start. First Semester: Writing a Syllabus

1 Chapters 1 and 2 Chapter 1 The syllabus should contain six parts. Some sugges - 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 2 tions for each part are provided below. 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 3 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 4 Course Description. This should be a paragraph or 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 5 two describing the material covered in the course and 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 6 your general instructional goals. 7 Sectional exam (covering weeks 1–6) 8 Chapter 8 Chapter 7 Requirements . This part should include (1) brief 9 Chapter 9 Chapter 8 descriptions of required projects; (2) descriptions of the 10 Chapter 10 Chapter 9 types of questions that will be asked on exams; and (3) 11 Chapter 11 Chapter 10 information on methods of curving grades, contribu - 12 Chapter 12 Chapter 11 tion of each assignment to total course grade, and an 13 Chapter 13 Chapter 12 indication of those factors—such as class participa - 14 Projects Chapter 13 tion—that will be taken into account. 15 Review and term evaluations Calendar . Reading assignments, dates of exami- A project is included for each course, and time is nations, and due dates of projects and papers should allotted for class presentation or discussion of the be specified. results. Schedule B is designed for a two-semester Exams . The test format you select will, of course, be sequential course, but with completion of the first determined by your teaching methods and goals, as semester a prerequisite for the second semester. well as by the students’ abilities. Many instructors Time is allotted for one project which may cover find that a combination of question formats works best any part of the life span. in testing students’ understanding of the facts and concepts in this course; some find it useful to tell Suggestions for Planning a Life-Span Course vii students about the essay questions in advance. An advice has been handed out in ignorance of the avail - extensive test-item file containing 3,800 multiple- able experimental data and/or established techniques choice, true-false, and fill-in-the-blank questions, as for objective testing. We will work to develop skills for well as essay questions (including answer guidelines), evaluating the views and advice you will continue to is available from Worth Publishers. The Test Bank is hear long after you close your books. To that end, the also available on CD-ROM for Windows and course will include an individualized project to help Macintosh systems. you compare and contrast the perspectives taken by the experts. Other Resources . Some instructors include sample examination questions, a list of suggested readings, Objectives . At the end of the semester, you should be and/or weekly class outlines with a set of learning able to: objectives. Where appropriate, students should be aware that 1. Describe development—including biosocial, cogni - a Study Guide is available. The Study Guide for the tive, and psychosocial—as an ongoing set of Berger text has been designed to help students processes, involving both continuity and change, improve their study methods, writing skills, and objec - by giving examples from the literature. tive test-taking abilities. 2. Analyze different developmental events from the perspectives of the major theories of develop - Policies . You should explicitly state your policies on ment—cognitive, learning, humanistic, and psy - attendance (if not included as part of the grading cri - choanalytic—and recognize those theories when teria), make-up exams and late papers, and other spe - used by others to analyze events. cial rules, such as noise or smoking policies. 3. Explain how research contributes to the under - A partial sample syllabus follows, as a guide. standing of development and evaluate and use research findings to investigate a topic of interest to you. SYLLABUS 4. Recall important developmental concepts and be Course: Human Development able to recognize and apply these concepts in vari - ous situations. Instructor: Rick Straub 5. Formulate relevant questions about developmen - Office: 000 Phone: 555-1234 tal processes and events and use standardized Office Hours: 10:00–12:00 Monday, Tuesday, techniques for gathering objective answers to Thursday these questions. Text: Kathleen Stassen Berger, The Developing Person Through the Life Span , 8th edition. Worth Requirements Publishers, 2011. Classroom Activity . The use of lecture time will vary, Course Description depending on the learning objectives. For example, lectures may be used for clarifying text material or Overview. The development of the individual is an introducing new material, for discussing how to identi - exciting process, beginning with the rapid metamor - fy and apply principles or theories, and for films on phoses of cells at conception and continuing through special topics. intricate changes of growth and aging. The study of development is also intriguing because each of us, and Project . In an area of study as vast as human devel - everyone we care about, is constantly developing. This opment, it is hard to focus as a class on specific topics, course therefore embraces both scientific discoveries age groups, or views that may concern you. This proj - and personal insights. ect has been developed to give you an opportunity to It is important to remember that each of us ana - explore an area of special interest, while at the same lyzing the developing individual is only human, and time developing the skills set out in the learning thus our interpretation of behavior and change is fil - objectives. (A detailed project description would tered through our own biases. So that you may identi - follow.) fy biases where they occur, we will spend time becom - ing familiar with the major theories of human devel - Calendar. (Here you would insert dates of reading opment and the terms these theories use, paying spe - assignments, projects, and exams.) cial attention to the research that supports or contra - dicts each perspective. Critical thinking, as well as Grading . The final course grade will be a weighted mastery of the material, is a goal of this course. average of the following: Probably no other field of study more abounds All quizzes: % Midterm exam: % with free advice than child rearing, yet much of this Final exam: % Book report and project: % viii Suggestions for Planning a Life-Span Course

Exams . Exams will cover material discussed both in at least one week prior to the exam. The instructor the textbook and in class. Exams I and II will be non - retains the right to require a written medical excuse. cumulative; that is, they will test only the material Assignments should be turned in on time; late assign - covered in the specific segment of the course indicated ments will receive lower scores. in the syllabus. The format will be multiple choice, short answer, and essay, and each exam will take The following lists of classroom debates, critical think - about one hour. Part of the exam will be drawn from ing activities, Internet activities, and observational lectures and discussions. Exam III, the final exam, activities specify the appropriate text chapter for each will be cumulative: questions will be drawn from all item. Because the Instructor’s Resources are intended material that has been covered in the course. for use with all of Kathleen Berger’s texts, materials are divided by topic, not chapter number. To help you Study Guide . The Study Guide that accompanies the find the relevant chapter, use the Contents for these textbook is recommended but not required. Students Lecture Guides to find the topic of interest. who feel they need guidance and practice to help them master text material are urged to purchase and use CLASSROOM DEBATES the Study Guide. Have students rank their top five topics from the fol - Policies . There will be no make-up exams without a lowing list of classroom debates. medical excuse or permission by the instructor given Suggestions for Planning a Life-Span Course ix

CLASSROOM DEBATES

Pick 5 of the following topics you would be willing to debate and rank them by placing a number from 1 (most preferred debate topic) to 5 (least preferred, but acceptable) in the blank next to each topic.

“Resolved: Cognitive development is most accurately characterized as a continuous process, rather than as occurring in a sequence of stages.” (Chapter 2)

“Resolved: Embryonic stem cell research should be outlawed.” (Chapter 3)

“Resolved: All prospective parents at risk as carriers of abnormal genes should be subjected to mandatory genetic testing.” (Chapter 3)

“Resolved: A fetus has the same moral and legal rights as its mother.” (Chapter 4)

“Resolved: The increasing medicalization of birth is harmful to both mothers and their babies.” (Chapter 4)

“Resolved: Language development is the product of conditioning.” (Chapter 6)

“Resolved: Attending day care centers during the first three years of life is psychologically damaging to children.” (Chapter 7)

“Resolved: A quality preschool education advances social and cognitive development beyond that of preschoolers who remain at home.” (Chapter 9)

“Resolved: Parents are not responsible for the differences among their children.” (Chapter 10)

“Resolved: Children with learning disabilities should be mainstreamed.” (Chapter 11)

“Resolved: Today’s parents are too .” (Chapter 16)

“Resolved: Alcoholism and the abuse of other drugs is hereditary.” (Chapter 17)

“Resolved: Males and females are socialized to approach moral questions in different ways. (Chapter 18)

“Resolved: The multidimensionality of intelligence makes Standardized IQ testing obsolete.” (Chapter 21)

“Resolved: Men and women are born into immutable gender roles.” (Chapter 22)

“Resolved: Divorce Laws Should Be Changed to Make Marriages More Difficult to Dissolve” (Chapter 22)

“Resolved: Research on cognitive decline supports mandatory retirement laws.” (Chapter 24)

“Resolved: Euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide should be legalized.” (Epilogue) x Suggestions for Planning a Life-Span Course

CRITICAL THINKING ACTIVITIES

Following is a list of the Critical Thinking Activities and the chapters in which they appear. *The model for these exercises comes from J. S. Halonen (2001). The critical thinking companion (2nd ed.). New York: Worth Publishers.

Critical Thinking Activity Textbook Chapter Breast Feeding and Intelligence 1 Theories 2 The Genetic Counselor 3 Medical Attention 4 The Effects of Biosocial Experiences on Cognitive and Psychosocial Development 5 Language Development: Nature, Nurture, or Interaction? 6 Early Temperament Style and Later Adjustment Problems 7 Designing a Toy 8 Preoperational Thought in Adulthood 9 Gender Roles and Stereotypes 10 Obesity and Weight Loss 11 Information Processing 12 Moral Reasoning Dilemma 13 Early and Late Maturation 14 Eating Disorders on the Internet 14 Is Tracking Effective? 15 Identity Statuses: Four Cases 16 Gender Differences in Depression 17 Thinking in Emerging Adulthood 18 Trends in the Age of Marrying and Becoming a Parent 19 Substances-Related Disorders on the Internet 20 Devising an Intelligence Test 21 The 25th High School Reunion 22 Ageism, the Young-Old, and the Old-Old 23 Personal Wisdom During Late Adulthood 24 Frailty During Late Adulthood 25 Grief Epilogue

INTERNET ACTIVITIES

Following is a list of the Internet Activities and the chapters in which they appear.

Internet Activity Textbook Chapter High-Quality Preschool Education: What Would Vygotsky Say? 2 Cloning 3 Cystic Fibrosis 3 Clinical Teratology 4 Suggestions for Planning a Life-Span Course xi

Internet Activity Textbook Chapter Childhood Infections 5 Cyberspace Hunt: Jean Piaget 6 Child Maltreatment and Vulnerable-to-Crisis Families 8 Preschool Education Around the World 9 Dyslexia Resources 11 Bilingual Education on the Internet 12 Adolescent Drug Experimentation 16 Internet Resources for Troubled Adolescents 16 Trends in Marriage, Divorce, and Cohabitation 19 Chronological Age Versus Real Age 20 Trait Theory and Personality 22 Living to 100 23 Alzheimer Disease (AD) 24

OBSERVATIONAL ACTIVITIES

A listing of the observational activities follows.

Observational Textbook Developmental Activity Chapter Domain/Topic

Part I: The Beginnings Pregnancy’s Impact on 4 Methods Expectant Parents

Part II: The First Two Years Time Sampling of 5 Methods Newborn Behavior Gross-Motor-Skill 5 Biosocial Development in the Infant Development Attachment 7 Psychosocial Development

Part III: The Play Years Fine Motor Skills 8 Biosocial Development Preoperational and 9 Cognitive Concrete Operational Development Thinking

Part IV: The School Years Classification and 12 Cognitive Seriation Development Gender Roles and 13 Psychosocial Aggression on TV Development xii Suggestions for Planning a Life-Span Course

Observational Textbook Developmental Activity Chapter Domain/Topic

Part V: Adolescence Adolescence Now 14 Biosocial, Cognitive, and Then & Psychosocial Development Adolescent Peer 16 Psychosocial Relationships Development

Part VI: Emerging Adulthood Physical Stereotyping 17 Biosocial in the Media Development Describing the Development 18 Methods of a Developmental Psychologist The “Right Time” for Life 19 Psychosocial Events Development Part VII: Adulthood How Long Will You Live? 20 Biosocial Development Sexism in Medicine 20 Biosocial Development Part VIII: Late Adulthood Media Images of Aging 23 Biosocial Development Recording a Life Story 25 Psychosocial Development Audiovisual Materials

Audiovisual Descriptions by Textbook Ethics and Scientific Research (30 min., Insight Chapter Media) This award-winning video explores ethical issues faced Chapter 1 Introduction by scientists, focusing specifically on scientific miscon - duct. One intriguing segment discusses the case of a Child Development (60 min., Films for the researcher who falsified findings on psychotropic Humanities and Sciences) drugs. This videodisc program consists of one- to five-minute segments covering a wide range of topics that include The Ethnic Flaw (30 min., Insight Media) genetic counseling, newborn behavior, child abuse and Focusing on the experiences of people who have emi - maltreatment, learning disabilities, and adolescent grated from their country of birth to a foreign country, depression and suicide. Thomas Sowell discusses the impact of culture on the individual. The affirmative-action controversy is also Contexts of Development (30 min., RMI Media explored, including how it has benefited middle-class Productions) African Americans while perhaps impeding progress Beginning with a description of the child’s biological among lower-income, unskilled African Americans. makeup, this film demon strates how the interplay of the social, economic, and cultural contexts influences Experimental Design (2 segments, 30 min. each, all aspects of development. Annenberg/CPB) Divided into two segments, this film provides a broad The Creation of Childhood (25 min., Insight Media) overview of observational studies and experimental This program explores the origins of childhood as a studies. Segment 1 focuses on basic principles of separate stage of development. Tracing the history of experimental design, including randomization, sam - the study of child development, it asks whether child - pling, bias, and replication. Segment 2 focuses on the hood is a biological phenomenon or a social creation. question of causation in research.

The Developing Child series (Magna Systems, Inc.) Designed for educators, health-care professionals, and Experiments in Human Behavior (35 min., Insight parents, this series consists of 32 modules, averaging Media) 30 minutes in length, that focus on specific develop - Describing landmark experiments concerned with obe - mental issues from childhood through adolescence. dience to authority, cult behavior, and addiction, this program explains research design and differentiates field research, observational studies, surveys, and Development (33 min., CRM/McGraw Hill) experimentation. The growth of the child from birth to adolescence is shown through a series of illustrations of develop - How Cultures Are Studied (30 min., Insight Media) mental research, including Kagan’s research on infant Researcher Napoleon Chagnon describes his seminal cognitive development, Ainsworth’s Strange Situation studies of the Yanomamo Indians of Venezuela, focus - test of attachment, and Parke’s “resis tance to tempta - ing on the importance of putting aside one’s ethnocen - tion” experiment. The film also includes some natural - tric biases to become an active member of the society istic observations of children at each major stage of being studied. The film also touches on ethical issues development. This movie could be used in the first in participant observation. week of the course to illustrate various methodologies and ethical issues, as well as to raise some of the How We Study Children (24 min., Insight Media) interesting issues within human development. As This film explores observational and experimental examples of the latter, Rhoda Kellogg makes a methods for studying child behavior, focusing on the provocative state ment in favor of nursery schools but strengths and weaknesses of each method. against day care, and Elizabeth Douvan talks about our culture’s failure to channel adolescent energy. The Infancy Research Methods (18 min., Insight Media) film is a good introduction to issues that will be This brief video describes four methods for studying explored in depth later in class. the sensory and perceptual capabilities of infants

xiii xiv Audiovisual Materials between one and 12 months of age: preferential look - mother/son relationship in a cultural and historical ing, eye movements, and habituation. The strengths context in which single-mother households are on the and weakness of each method are thoroughly rise and sons are taking longer to leave the nest. It assessed. provides a good vehicle for evaluating the quality of data as a means of answering questions about devel - Observation (18 min., Insight Media) opment and powerfully illustrates the influence of Particularly relevant to developmental research, this the social context on development and social short film describes techniques for observing children, constructions. including naturalistic and subjective observation. The film also contains a segment discussing the difficulties The Way of Science (58 min., Films for the Humanities and responsibilities faced by researchers who study and Sciences) children. “Humans are storytellers,” notes this film’s host Roger Bingham. “We tell stories to feel at home in the uni - PsychNow: Interactive Experiences in Psychology verse.” This effort to “feel at home” has given rise to (CD-ROM) (Insight Media) many ways of knowing, including science and mytholo - This CD-ROM (Mac/Windows) uses animations, graph - gy, both of which are explored here. The film provides ics, video clips, and interactive exercises to teach cen - a stimulating introduction to a lecture on the limits of tral concepts in psychology. Students can serve as sub - the scientific method as a path to the truth. jects in memory exercises, view film clips of children in different stages of cognitive development, study Chapter 2 Theories of Development cross-cultural issues in emotional expression, and investigate many other topics. There is a particularly B. F. Skinner and Behavior Change: Research, good module on research methods and critical Practice, and Promise (45 min., Research Press) thinking. This film takes behaviorist principles out of the labo - ratory setting and shows that they have many practi - Race: The World’s Most Dangerous Myth (60 min., cal applications. It features six actual situa tions, Insight Media) including one in which parents work with an autistic This program begins by differentiating various social, child and another in which future dentists learn how biological, and geographical categorizations of race. It to reduce children’s fear of dentistry. Particularly next discusses genetic differences among races and interesting to the more sophisticated student is a dis - how social institutions tend to perpetuate racial cussion of ethical and philosophical questions and the stereotyping. future of behaviorism. The discussion is between Skinner and a dozen well-known behaviorist research- Research Methods (30 min., Insight Media) ers, including Bijou, Ferster, Hively, and Patterson. This film is one of a series of programs created specifi - cally for psychology classes. It discusses the impact of B. F. Skinner on Behaviorism (28 min., RMI Media psychological research on society, ex plains the scientif - Productions) ic method and its importance, and presents some The late eminent behaviorist discusses behavior modi - archival film footage of research on autistic behavior. fication, behavioral technology, the role of reinforce - ment in shaping human behavior, and the application Research Methods for the Social Sciences (33 min., of principles of learning to larger social concerns. Insight Media) Focusing on the experimental method, this program Childhood Aggression (30 min., Research Press) differentiates control and experimental groups, inde - In this case study, the parents and teacher of a hostile, pendent and dependent variables, and correlational difficult child learn to use time-out, tracking tech - research. It also discusses ethical issues in research. niques, and positive reinforcement for desirable behavior. Specific changes for the better, as well as a Social Constructionist Ideas About Research (30 min., general improvement in the milieu, occur. This Insight Media) approach is explained in the film by Gerald Patterson The central idea of this program is that how the choic - of the Oregon Research Institute. es researchers make—to observe certain subjects and disregard others, for instance—can dramatically affect Cognitive Development (20 min., CRM/McGraw-Hill) their understanding of developmental phenomena. This film, which is best shown after the students have Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is used as a read Chapter 2, begins with a brief review of Piaget’s model to illustrate the nature of social constructionist stages and some of his terminology. It then shows two research. contrasting kindergartens, one based on “discovery” 21st-Century Sons and Mothers (48 min., Films for the learning and the other on a strict appli cation of behav - Humanities and Sciences) iorist principles, as interpreted by Bereiter and This Discovery Channel film presents scientific and Englemann. In class, the instructor and the students anecdotal evidence for the changing dynamics of the can iden tify comparable types of education for older Audiovisual Materials xv children and for adolescents, and then discuss the Jean Piaget: Memory and Intelligence (44 min., merits of carefully preprogrammed instruction versus Davidson Films) more spontaneous learning. Showing this movie is a Piaget is filmed giving a lecture to a Japanese confer - good way to help students see that various theoretical ence on preschool education. In the first half of the ideas can lead to contrasting and controversial appli - film, Piaget effectively contrasts his views of education cations. with traditional approaches. The second half deals specifically with Piaget’s experiments on reconstruc - Contexts of Development (30 min., RMI Media tive memory. The film, which is in French with care - Productions) fully written English subtitles, avoids being boring (as (See description under Chapter 1.) many filmed lectures are) because of Piaget’s enthusi - asm and charisma. Culture (30 min., Insight Media) Taking the viewer to different regions of the United The Latino Family (28 min., Films for the Humanities States, this video vividly displays the ways in which and Sciences) different subcultures address individual needs. The In following three generations of one Mexican Ameri - societies explored include Chinese settlements in the can family, this film illus trates both the changes and South, Cajun settlements in Louisiana, and the Native the endurance of traditional Latino family mem ber American. roles. In doing so, it provides a nice introduction to sociocultural theory. Erik Erikson: A Life’s Work (38 min., Insight Media) Working from the perspective of the biopsychosocial Learning (30 min., Insight Media) model, this film combines biographical information This video (1990) reviews the basic principles of and interviews with Erik Erikson with a thorough Pavlovian and operant conditioning. Highlights description of the theorist’s eight psychosocial crises. include an interview with B. F. Skinner and a segment in which operant conditioning principles are used to Freud: The Hidden Nature of Man (27 min., Learning help hyperactive children. Corporation of America) Freud’s most significant discoveries about human sex - Learning in Context: Probing the Theories of Piaget uality and its role in neurotic disorders are dra - and Vygotsky (31 min., Films for the Humanities and matically reenacted. The film includes a staged ses - Sciences) sion of analysis in which a woman remembers an This program examines three sets of experiments that incestuous relationship with her father, and Freud demonstrate the influence of contextual factors in gradually realizes that this “memory” is actually part learning: (1) tasks involving gender-biased instruc - of an unconscious fantasy that is common to many tions; (2) tasks that require cooperation with others; women. The id, ego, and superego are also acted out in and (3) tasks involving the training of students by two vignettes, as is one of Freud’s childhood dreams peers and adults. The film provides a nice segue for a and his analysis of it. The movie provides a vivid discussion of the impact of stereotyping on perform - though somewhat simplistic grasp of basic Freudian ance, the effects of self-perception on competence, and ideas. how different methods of teaching influence student performance. How Young Children Learn to Think (19 min., Insight Media) Learning: Observational and Cognitive Approaches This brief video conversation with Constance Kamii (30 min., Insight Media) presents an especially clear and concise explana tion of Profiling pioneering researcher Albert Bandura, this Piaget’s theory of childhood cognition. 2001 video explores observational learning, focusing on the cognitive components of modeling. Also dis - I’m Normal, You’re Weird: Understanding Other cussed are latent learning, cognitive maps, learned Cultures (23 min., Insight Media) helplessness, and instinctive drift. A final segment In this entertaining film, a group of aliens prepares to describes the role of vicarious conditioning in teaching take human form. As they rehearse their new roles, new skills and the use of behavior modification. they discover that human behavior has an extensive cultural basis. Myths of Childhood: New Perspectives on Nature and Nurture (Films for the Humanities and Sciences) Introduction to Culture and Diversity (60 min., This series of three, 55-minute films, explores the Insight Media) experiences of children and parents from the United Beginning by differentiating culture, macroculture, States, Australia, and England. Through home movies, and microculture, this new film considers the vari ous photographs, scenes from television, and interviews subcultures and religious groups in the United States. with a variety of experts, the series explores the A student discussion focuses on the dangers of viewing perennial nature–nurture controversy. groups from ethnocentric perspectives. xvi Audiovisual Materials

Observational Learning (23 min., HarperCollins) explores the role that a student’s cultural background Written and narrated by Robert Liebert, who is plays in his or her learning style and behavior. The responsible for some of the best research on the effects effects on students of stereotypes based on culture, of television on children, this film provides a good gen - socioeconomic status, and gender are also discussed. eral introduction to the social learning approach to developmental psychology, as Liebert explains how Street Children of Africa (52 min., Films for the parents, peers, and the media affect a child’s behavior. Humanities and Sciences) This captivating film explores a tragic worldwide phe - Pavlov: The Conditioned Reflex (25 min., black and nomenon: homeless children. Focusing on children in white, Films for the Humanities and Sciences) West Africa with no means of support other than what This documentary makes a good introduction to they scrounge from the street, the program invites behaviorism. Originally produced for Russian televi - comparisons with American children and poignantly sion, the film reviews the life and career of Nobel highlights sociocultural influences on development. Prize–winning scientist Ivan Pavlov and includes rare footage of Pavlov at work. Theories (27 min., Magna Systems, Inc.) One of the modules from the Developing Child Series, Piaget’s Developmental Theory (Set of three films: this film reviews the major developmental theories: Classification , 17 min.; Conservation , 28 min.; Formal cognitive, behaviorist, sociocultural, social learning, Thought , 32 min., Davidson Films) and psychoanalytic. Specific theorists discussed Piaget’s theory, methods of classification, and stages in include Piaget, Vygotsky, Skinner, Erikson, Freud, and the development of intelli gence are described. This Gesell. film incorporates many demonstrations of children’s thinking at different stages of develop ment and Vygotsky’s Developmental Theory: An Introduction explains how educa tional programs based on (30 min., Davidson Films) Piagetian principles can help children make transi - Hosted by psychologist Elena Bodrova, this film intro - tions from one stage to the next. duces the life and theory of the seminal Russian theo - rist who increasingly is being cited in developmental Play: A Vygotskian Approach (26 min., Davidson research today. The program focuses on four integral Films) concepts: children construct knowledge; learning leads Using enchanting sequences of young children at play, development; development cannot be isolated from this video reviews the various methods of studying its social context; and language plays a key role in play. These include the Freudian–Eriksonian empha - development. sis on emotional content, the Piagetian emphasis on symbolic representation, the social psychological Young Dr. Freud (99 min., Films for the Humanities approach, and, especially, Lev Vygotsky’s view of play and Sciences) as a zone of proximal development. This film portrays the early scientific life and discover - ies of Freud and shows the excitement and frustra - The Power of Positive Reinforcement (28 min., tions he experienced as a scientist and theorist. It also CRM/McGraw-Hill) places Freud’s work in historical context, making This film provides a good introduction to the applica - many of his ideas easier to under stand. The movie tion of principles of operant conditioning to business was originally produced by Austrian and German tele - and industry. Its message is that all workers—from vision and is in German with English subtitles. factory workers to executives—are searching for feed - back (reinforcement) for their job performance. The effectiveness of positive rein forcement is examined at Chapter 3 Heredity and Environment a 3M plant in California, an amusement park in Adoption and Assisted Reproduction: A Look at the Minnesota, on members of the Minnesota Vikings foot - Children (26 min., Films for the Humanities and ball team, and with sanitation department workers in Sciences) the city of Detroit. Shifting social norms and increasing medical options have redefined traditional concepts about reproduction Sigmund Freud (17 min., Insight Media) and parenting. This program focuses on several case Using documentary footage, this film takes viewers studies: a couple who underwent in vitro fertilization, into Freud’s home in Vienna and offers a rare view of surrogate motherhood, a single woman who chose to Freud’s personal world. Narrated by Eli Wallach, it be artificially inseminated, and a bachelor who adopt - shows Freud’s collection of antiquities and points out ed a child. The program emphasizes the impact of var - the parallels between his interests in archaeol ogy and ious types of parenthood on children. in exploring a person’s past to gain insight into his or her personality. The Baby Makers (43 min., CRM/McGraw-Hill) This film, produced by CBS, explains many of the Social-Cultural Diversity (30 min., Insight Media) methods of fertilization (including surrogate mother - Developed for classroom teachers, this program Audiovisual Materials xvii hood and “test-tube” babies). It also explores the ethi - Innocent Addicts (27 min., Pyramid Media). cal questions raised by these methods. At times, the This short video presents the true stories of twelve treatment seems to skirt the deeper questions in favor mothers who are recovering from substance abuse. of newsworthy footage, but that allows you to probe Their stories form a backdrop for an exploration of the more deeply during class discussion. issues surrounding drug use during pregnancy.

Blueprint for Life (30 min., RMI Media Productions) Life’s Greatest Miracle (57 min., Time Life Video, This program discusses the mysteries of genes and NOVA) charts the evolution of the zygote into the fully formed This biological view of conception—including male and infant. Graphic footage illustrates how teratogens female anatomy and the actual moment of fertilization endanger the developing individual. inside the woman—and prenatal development was filmed by justly famous Swedish photographer Body Doubles: The Twin Experience (50 min., Films for Lennart Nilsson. The film might provide good back - the Humanities and Sciences) ground information if you want to emphasize the This visually stunning HBO documentary discusses importance of preventing unwanted pregnancy before the vital contribution of the study of twins in develop - it occurs. mental psychology. Tracing the history of twin research from Josef Mengele to the University of Pregnancy After 35 (22 min., Polymorph Films) Minnesota Twin Research Center, the film presents a This film considers the physical and emotional aspects balanced treatment of both sides of the nature– of pregnancy during the later childbearing years. It nurture controversy. shows that although pregnancy after 35 should be planned carefully—including amnio centesis and good The Developing Child: Conception and Heredity medical care—it can be a joyful experience. (15 min., Magna Systems) Misconceptions about pregnancy after 35 abound, and This brief video module provides a concise overview of this film will help clear them up. the beginning of life. Topics explored include cellular duplication, genetic abnormalities and diseases, the Sickle-Cell Anemia (22 min., Filmakers Library) determination of sex, mechanisms of heredity, and Sickle-cell anemia is carefully explained, from its ori - genetic counseling. gins as a defense against malaria in Africa to its tragic outcome in the lives of many African Americans. The Ecology of Development (30 min., Insight Media) Included is the story of a close-knit African American Profiling children in twelve families in five countries, family with six children, three of whom have sickle- this program explores how genetic and environmental cell anemia. The mother explains that neither she nor factors influence development in every domain. her husband knew that they were carriers until their Working from an ecological, or systems theory, per - children were born. spective, the video considers the influence of family Chapter 4 Prenatal Development and Birth and peer relationships, schooling, history, and culture on development. After the Baby Comes Home (19 min., Films for the Humanities and Sciences) Heredity and the Environment: Blueprints for a Baby This brief film explores steps new parents can take to (29 min., Magna Systems, Inc.) prepare for the various potential stresses asso ciated One of the modules from the Developing Child Series, with bringing a baby home, including postpartum this film describes conception, the function of genes depression, marital stress, physical exhaustion, and and chromosomes, and the earliest days in the life of sibling reactions. the developing person. Graphics and animation are also used to explain the determination of sex, how Birth at Home (14 min., Filmakers Library) traits are inherited, the interaction of genes and envi - This film is unusual in many ways. It shows a home ronment, and the impact of genetic and chromosomal birth in Australia, assisted by a midwife who uses abnormalities on the developing fetus. An overview of massage and herbal medicine. The actual birth occurs the field of genetic counseling is also provided. as the woman is on her hands and knees. The baby is born with the umbilicus around the neck and initially How Life Begins (46 min., University of Southern appears to be in danger of anoxia. The midwife resus - California Film Library) citates him and all seems well by the end of the film. This film provides an extraordinary look at the begin - This is a fascinating and provocative film, even for ning of life, from conception to birth, throughout the those who are familiar with the usual birth process. animal king dom. One theme is the miraculous nature of prenatal development; another is the common Birth Without Violence (21 min., black and white, New ground humans share with other animals. Ori ginally Yorker Films) an ABC News special, the film won critical acclaim for The film shows a Leboyer birth, with Leboyer himself both its photography (magnificent) and its narrative. as the obstetrician. As soon as the baby emerges, he is xviii Audiovisual Materials placed on the mother’s abdomen and caressed, first by fetal alcohol syndrome. Beginning with a clear Leboyer and then by the mother. After several min - description of how alcohol passes through the placenta utes, the umbilicus is cut and the infant is placed in into the bloodstream of the fetus, the program the warm bath. This is an awe-provoking, even eerie describes the common characteristics of children born film: the black-and-white footage in dim light (one of with this disorder, including learning disabilities, Leboyer’s prescriptions) with no narration creates a cognitive handicaps, and behavioral problems. The strong visual message. program also takes a brief look at babies who are born As a teaching tool, this movie is best shown after addicted to crack cocaine. the students know what a standard delivery involves for the infant (measuring, weighing, suc tioning, identi - Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: Life Sentence (24 min., Films fication, Apgar rating, etc.) and the reasons for it. for the Humanities & Sciences) Certainly, the standard birth takes less time for the This brief film explores the wide-ranging symptoms of hospital staff and may allow medi cal problems to be FAS, including learning disabilities, poor judgment, spotted more quickly. Since there is no commentary and antisocial behavior. It also discusses a controver - with the film, you might want to add your own, point - sial study, which suggests that maternal drinking may ing out things students might otherwise miss—for explain why 1 out of every 4 prison inmates is a victim instance, the birth cry is spontaneous and short (no of FAS. need for a slap), the reflexes are already functioning (this newborn sucks his finger moments after birth), Having a Mentally Handicapped Baby (50 min., Films the head is somewhat misshapen (a natural conse - for the Humanities and Sciences) quence of the birth process), and the newborn’s breasts This poignant program explores the joys and sorrows are somewhat enlarged (again normal, the temporary faced by families with a handicapped baby. It also result of hormones produced as part of the birth addresses some of the numerous difficult decisions process). parents face, including whether to terminate a preg - nancy, day-to-day problems coping with a special- David with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (45 min., Films for needs child, and whether to give up a handicapped the Humanities and Sciences) child to foster parents or an institution. This film provides a unique, personal look at David Vandenbrink, a seemingly bright and articulate 21- Life’s Greatest Miracle (57 min., Time Life Video, year-old man, who suffers from fetal alcohol syndrome. NOVA) The teratogenic cause of David’s condition went undi - (See description under Chapter 3.) agnosed for the first 18 years of his life, causing confu - sion and pain for both him and his adoptive family. Nature’s Child: Biological Growth (60 min., RMI Media Productions) This film explores the many influences of biological DES: The Timebomb Drug (27 min., Filmakers processes on behavior and prenatal development. It Library) also describes the three stages of labor, the birth The DES story is told by the drug manufacturers, doc - process, and possible complications of birth, including tors, consumer advo cates, and mothers and their chil - prematurity and anoxia. dren (both sons and daughters) who were affected by it. Among the points that can be high lighted in class Newborn (28 min., Filmakers Library) discussion is the difficulty of conducting research on Three of the most highly respected neonatal teratogens and the consequent need for caution in researchers—T. Berry Brazelton, Lewis Lipsitt, and using any drug during pregnancy. Class discussion can Louis Sander—are shown testing newborns. The be supple mented by information on Acutane, a drug impressive array of newborn reflexes, sensory abili - taken by many young women to treat acne. According ties, and learning potential is demon strated. Probably to some estimates, hundreds of babies with birth even more important, these neonatal abilities are put defects have been born because women took this drug into context, showing the infants able and willing to while pregnant. respond to their parents. Thus, the film goes beyond the clinical test procedures and captures some of the Developmental Phases Before and After Birth (28 min., warmth that is possible in the parent–newborn Films for the Humanities and Sciences) relationship. Stunning photography is used to probe physical devel - opment from the fetal period through the first year of The Newborn (30 min., Insight Media) life. This film examines physical and social develop ment in the newborn. The newborn’s physical appear ance, Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Other Drug Use During physiological functioning, and reflexes are discussed, Pregnancy (19 min., Films for the Humanities and and the Apgar scale and Gestational Age Test are Sciences) explained. On-camera demonstrations show newborns This brief film profiles an 8-year-old boy born with imitating adult movements. Audiovisual Materials xix

One for My Baby (Fetal Alcohol Syndrome) (28 min., Prenatal Development (30 min., Insight Media) AIMS) Focusing on physical development from conception to This film portrays the tragedy of fetal alcohol syn - birth, this film dramatically illustrates the effects of drome by interviewing doctors and parents of FAS drug use on a developing fetus. Ultrasound “photogra - children. The film dramatically emphasizes the impor - phy” shows a fetus responding to a variety of sensory tance of avoiding risk factors in pregnancy, even stimuli, including music. The film closes with the though most fetuses born to drinking mothers are baby’s birth. unaffected in any obvious way. In addition to convinc - ing your future mothers to avoid alcohol, this film can Prenatal Development: A Life in the Making (26 min., be used in the same way as the one titled Pregnancy: Magna Systems, Inc.) Caring for Your Unborn Baby. This film traces the story of life, from a one-celled zygote into a fully functioning human being 266 days Pediatric Brain Development: The Importance of a later. Each of the three stages of prenatal development Head Start (13 min., Films for the Humanities and is fully described, along with the impact of environ - Sciences) mental factors on the developing person. Hosted by ABC newsperson Diane Sawyer, this short film reports on neural development in the brain dur - Prenatal Diagnosis: To Be or Not to Be (45 min., ing fetal development and early childhood. PET scans Filmakers Library) (explained by UCLA’s Michael Phelps, inventor of the This film demonstrates the use of amniocentesis, technology) are used to illustrate the long-term effects fetoscopy, and ultrasound in prenatal diagnosis. of sensory stimulation and deprivation, early language A couple who lost one child to Tay-Sachs disease are development, and the possible connections between shown rejoicing when amniocentesis reveals that their premature birth and attention deficit disorder. second child is a healthy, normal girl. Other, more dif - ficult examples of prenatal decision making are Pregnancy After 35 (22 min., Polymorph Films) shown—for instance, in Down syndrome and spina (See description under Chapter 3.) bifida, the outcome of the disease is less clear than in Tay-Sachs disease, making the parents’ and doctor’s Pregnancy and Birth: Caring and Preparing for the jobs more difficult. The ethical dilemmas inherent in Life Within (26 min., Magna Systems, Inc.) genetic testing are made clear. Part of the Developing Child Series, this module takes a contemporary look at pregnancy and birthing, focus - The Process of Birth (23 min., Films for the ing on how technological advances have affected both. Humanities and Sciences) This excellent video explores how different cultures Pregnancy and Substance Abuse (28 min., Films for and individuals view the process of birth, including the Humanities and Sciences) where it should occur, who should be in attendance, This program follows several couples through preg - and how long infants should be breast-fed. nancy and early prenatal development of chil dren exposed to various addictive drugs. Former U.S. Psychological Development Before Birth (22 min., Surgeon General C. Everett Koop discusses the impact Films for the Humanities and Sciences) of cigarette smoke on the developing child. Michael This film discusses high-tech methods of determining Dorris, author of The Broken Cord , dis cusses his expe - the well-being of the fetus and the beginnings of riences raising a son with fetal alcohol syndrome. sensory-motor responsiveness to environmental stim - uli. It also explores how mothers-to-be prepare them - Pregnancy: Caring for Your Unborn Baby (20 min., selves for having a baby. AIMS) The importance of good nutrition and avoiding drugs Right from the Start (55 min., Prime Time School during pregnancy is emphasized, especially through Television) footage of a two-pound malnourished pre mature This videocassette focuses on the importance of early infant. This film is not appropriate for all classes; the contact between mother, father, and newborn. The points made are so obvious that the film may come research of various experts—Harlow, Spitz, and across as “preachy” to more sophi sticated groups. For Bowlby, for example—is cited to prove the impor tance them, however, you might ask what can or should be of bonding, and Klaus and Kennell’s research is done to ensure fetal well-being in all pregnant women, described in detail. The opposite position is not fairly or you might ask whether the film overstresses the represented, so bonding is probably over stressed here. role of the individual woman and understresses the However, film clips of parents and newborns and role of society. The need for an ecological, or systems, Brazelton’s wise words on parent-newborn interaction approach to development will probably become make this film worth showing. obvious. xx Audiovisual Materials

Some Babies Die (54 min., University of California Chapter 5 The First Two Years: Biosocial Extension Media) Development This documentary follows a family coping with the death of their newborn and the counseling process A Baby’s World (3 volumes, 60 min. each, Insight that encourages them to acknowledge their baby’s life Media) and death, to grieve, and then to proceed with their This three-part series provides a detailed depiction of lives. Narrated by Dr. Elisabeth Kübler-Ross, the film the remarkable process by which helpless infants contrasts this family’s experiences with those of a develop biologically, cognitively, and socially, into woman who was not permitted to see any of her three walking, thinking, and talking human beings. stillborn children and who, after many years, has not yet gotten over her grief and depression. Birth of a Brain (33 min., CRM/McGraw-Hill) This film shows the development of the brain from the The Story of Eric (34 min., Centre Films) fetal period through infancy. Two features make it par - A birth story that gives proper recognition to the ticularly interesting. First, it uses mov ing pictures to father’s role during preg nancy and birth, this film show the development of neurons, dendrites, and shows the parents-to-be learning the Lamaze method axons in the brain as maturation occurs. The striking and then using that knowledge to have an exhilarat - images of this process help students visualize the cru - ing birth experi ence. The movie can be considered cial prenatal and postnatal periods of development. propaganda for the advantages of pre pared childbirth Second, it uses only one infant, from birth to with minimal medical assistance. However, unless stu - about 8 months, to illustrate brain development. dents already understand that birth can be a joyful Beginning with her Lamaze birth—a useful review of family event, this movie is well worth showing. The Chapter 4—we watch as the infant becomes more only draw back is that students might believe that capable of coordinated motor movements and early every birth can be like this one; as a result, those who language, and of interaction with her parents and her have cesareans and/or need more medical assistance older sister (who is, predictably, jealous). when they give birth may feel that they have failed. The interaction of biological and psychological fac - You can point out that the basic principles (involve - tors is apparent throughout the film. For example, the ment of the father, prepa ration for birth) hold true, no narrator stresses the importance of avoiding toxins matter what the actual balance between nature and (both postnatally, in the form of “chemical pacifiers,” hospital. as well as prenatally) and providing proper nutrition and stimulation to allow the brain to develop normal - Teenage Pregnancy (26 min., Films for the ly. This film includes material that can easily serve as Humanities and Sciences) a springboard for many of the topics in this chapter as By following several teenagers through the births of well as Chapters 6 and 7. their children, this film offers a sobering look at the realities of this worldwide problem. Bottle Babies (26 min., University of Michigan Media) This film exposes some of the adverse effects of mar - 39, Single, and Pregnant (18 min., Filmakers Library) keting baby formulas in developing Third World coun - In contrast to the optimistic view presented in tries, including infant disease and malnu trition that Pregnancy After 35 , this film is the story of a 39-year- may result from the substitution of powdered milk for - old woman who encounters difficulties. She is single, mulas for breast-feedings. wants to become a mother, and is delighted to be preg - nant. As the film follows her pregnancy and the first The Brain (50 min., BBC Films) years of motherhood, the serious implications of par - Using vivid graphics, animation, and three-dimension - enthood are revealed. While this woman loves her al models, this spectacular video takes students on a baby, the social and financial problems that she complete tour of the brain. encounters prove more worri some in reality than she A Child Grows: The First Year (25 min., Insight anticipated. This film helps students see that “having Media) a baby” means a lot more than the biology of concep - This program outlines the development of motor and tion and birth. cognitive abilities during their first year of life. Special Understanding Pregnancy (30 min., Magna Systems) attention is paid to the development of eye–hand coor - Focusing on relatively recent developments in preg - dination and the process by which infants learn to dis - nancy and birth, this program explores the stages of tinguish self from non-self. labor, medical monitoring and intervention, and vari - ous birthing situations. Developmental Phases Before and After Birth (30 min., Films for the Humanities and Sciences) This film describes milestones of physiological and psychological development during the fetal period and the first year of life. A major theme is that these mile - stones are identical for children throughout the world. Audiovisual Materials xxi

It also examines the impact of the mother-child rela - Dr. Bettye Caldwell describing infant develop ment. In tionship on child development. the Beginning shows stages of development in several children, illustrating normal variation in growth rates. The Development of the Human Brain (40 min., Films Nurturing examines the role of the caregiver as an for the Humanities and Sciences) active contributor to optimal growth. Caldwell offers This film traces the course of brain development from several suggestions for fostering curiosity, exploration, conception to age 8. After describing brain functions and stimulation. that are already present at birth, it identifies the range of motor and cognitive skills that appear as the Keeping Babies Healthy and Safe (33 min., Child brain matures. Development Media) The first part of this video focuses on how caregivers The First 365 Days in the Life of a Child (13, 28- keep their babies physically healthy, focusing on minute programs, Films for the Humanities and resistance to illness. The second part discusses the Sciences) importance of parental monitoring and other ways to This 13-part series describes normal development of keep infants and toddlers safe in the home and else - an average healthy child during the first year of life. where. The series focuses on the research of a group of pedia - tricians at the University of Munich who systematical - The Newborn: Development and Discovery (29 min., ly observed and filmed five babies for a year. From Magna Systems, Inc.) these observations, the researchers developed a sys - This film discusses the developmental needs of the tem of developmental tests that mea sures a baby’s neonate, focusing on tests that determine the state of most important develop mental functions monthly. The sensory, motor, cognitive, and social development. first program shows the reactions of the newborn 10 Other issues explored include bonding, breast versus days after birth. Pro grams 2–13 show the baby at one bottle feeding, and the care of high-risk infants. month, two months, and so on until the first birthday. Nutrition (15 min., Magna Systems) The Growing Infant (30 min., Insight Media) This film presents a concise overview of the impor - The First Year of Life (28 min., Films for the tance of good nutrition in each stage of childhood. The Humanities and Sciences) food pyramid and nutrient composition of common These two films examine physical growth during foods are explained. infancy, including cephalo-caudal and proximo-distal principles, the relation ship between cognitive and Pediatric Brain Development: The Importance of a physical growth, and the development of vision, hear - Head Start (13 min., Films for the Humanities and ing, and perceptual abilities. The Growing Infant fol - Sciences) lows one child through several stages of development. (See description under Chapter 4.) The First Year of Life explores how newborns see, hear, and make use of skills developed even before Pediatric Neuroscience: Rage of Innocents (47 min., birth to interact with their surroundings. The infant’s Films for the Humanities and Sciences) emerging individuality is also discussed. Taking a strong sociocultural and evolutionary per - spective, this film explores the impact of attentive and Helping Babies Learn (19 min., Child Development neglectful caregiving on the emotional and neurologi - Media) cal development of the child. Researchers discuss This brief video presents a discussion of how care - studies demonstrating a biochemical link between givers can create stimulating environments for infants early caregiving and the development of brain regions and toddlers, consisting of developmentally appropri - that regulate emotions and the individual’s response ate learning exercises. to stress. It also explores parental nurturing from the perspective of evolutionary biology. Infancy: Landmarks of Development (22 min., Magna Systems, Inc.) See How They Move (28 min., Child Development This film traces the major landmarks in the develop - Media) ment of gross and fine motor skills during the first Infants from 3 months to 2 years demonstrate the year. It also discusses influences on the timing of major landmarks of gross motor development: turning, motor development, including nutrition, health care, crawling, sitting, and walking. opportunities for practice, and cultural patterns. Seeing Infants with New Eyes (30 min., Child In the Beginning: The Process of Infant Development Development Media) (15 min., Davidson Films) This documentary profiles infant specialist Magda Nurturing (17 min., Davidson Films) Gerber, and her philosophy of raising self-confident, These two movies can be shown together. Both feature intrinsically motivated infants. xxii Audiovisual Materials

Simple Beginnings? (24 min., Films for the examined from a problem-solving point of view. This Humanities and Sciences) film also outlines Piaget’s developmental stages. This short film explores child development from birth to age 5. An especially interesting feature is the Development of the Child: Infancy (20 min., Harper - description of three experiments, which test early abil - Collins Media/Pennsylvania State University) ities of infants to recognize faces and motion as well as Jerome Kagan and Howard Gardner show a broad their short-term memory. range of infant behavior, from reflexes to object per - manence, from attachment to familiar caregivers to Chapter 6 The First Two Years: Cognitive fear of unfamiliar adults. Kagan’s research on infant Development attention provides a good illustration of the cleverness of infants, as well as the creativity of the researchers Baby Talk (60 min., Insight Media) who study them. Kagan’s discrepancy hypothesis (that This video from the Nova series investigates the radi - infants are most attentive to sights and sounds that cal reappraisal of lang uage development that stemmed are sufficiently different from the familiar to be inter - from the writings of Noam Chomsky. It depicts how esting but not so different as to be unanalyzable) is researchers monitor fetal response to sound and ana - demonstrated. lyze patterns of crying, cooing, and babbling. Interviews with Chomsky, J. S. Bruner, and other Development of Pre-Verbal Speech (15 min., Insight leading psycholinguists chart the major steps in lan - Media) guage acquisition. This brief video traces speech development in infants from their first cries after birth to the age of one year, Beginning Language (30 min., Insight Media) when they can use and comprehend single words. This film examines various theories of early lang uage development, using film clips to document the develop - Discovering the Outside World (23 min., Films for the ment of speech. David Premack discusses his work on Humanities and Sciences) artificial language in chimpanzees. This program focuses on the extraordinary develop - ment of the individual that occurs during the first Child Language: Learning Without Teaching nine months. Sleep-waking cycles are described, sen - (20 min., Davidson Films) sory development is outlined, and the infant’s expand - Out of the Mouths of Babes (28 min., Filmakers ing repertoire of communication skills is delineated. Library) There are many films tracing language develop ment; The Discovery Year (52 min., Films for the these are two of the best. Child Language is written Humanities and Sciences) and narrated by Dr. Eve Clark, with emphasis on the Christopher Reeve hosts this exploration of the first complexities of language that the very young child year of life—the dis covery year—as babies learn to use learns without benefit of formal instruction. Out of the their senses, crawl, explore, and finally walk. The pro - Mouths of Babes is an authori tative and humorous gram also examines how personality develops at this account of the course of language development over young age by focusing on how three sets of parents the first six years. It is written and narrated by Jill respond to the individual person alities of their infant and Peter deVilliers, the language experts often cited daughters. in the text. Failures Before Kindergarten (28 min., Films for the Cognitive Development (20 min., CRM/McGraw-Hill) Humanities and Sciences) (See description under Chapter 2.) This adaptation of a Phil Donahue program ex plores the advantages and disadvantages of educa tional The Developing Child: The Crucial Early Years assessment of very young children. One panelist on (26 min., Films for the Humanities and Sciences) the program, Madeline Duncan, describes her experi - This interesting film deals with the importance of ences as a teacher who held back an entire first-grade early experiences in fostering cognitive development in class! the infant. Its message is that learning begins in the First Adaptations (30 min., RMI Media Productions) cradle, as the newborn responds to sensory stimula - This program explores the awesome cognitive capaci - tion, and that parents can assist cognitive develop - ties of the newborn and infant. Experts chart the ment by encouraging learning. The film also discusses infant’s developing cognitive abilities as the ner vous the controversial issue of IQ testing. system matures. Research on the learning abili ties of newborns only a few hours old is described. Development of the Child: Cognition (30 min., HarperCollins Media/Pennsylvania State University) The First Year of Life (28 min., Films for the Aspects of cognition—including perception, memory Humanities and Sciences) evaluation, reasoning, and hypothesis testing—are (See description under Chapter 5.) Audiovisual Materials xxiii

Growing Minds: Cognitive Development in Early Tim: His Sensory-Motor Development (31 min., Childhood (25 min., Davidson Films) HarperCollins) In this video, David Elkind reviews the work of Lev This movie follows Tim through the first two years of Vygotsky and Jean Piaget, using it—and his own—to life, focusing on his performance on a structured set of examine three aspects of cognitive development: rea - Piagetian tasks, including tests of object per manence soning, visual perception, and language development. and goal-directed behaviors. The movie helps illus - trate the sub stages of sensory-motor development, The Infant Mind (30 min., Insight Media) including circular reactions. It also provides a good This film explains and challenges Piaget’s stage theory way to contrast methods of assessing cognitive devel - of development. Several developmentalists explain opment; although it is clear that mastery of motor that infants possess a basic understanding of cause skills such as sitting and walking help Tim explore his and effect, object permanence, and number earlier world, and there by enhance his cognitive development, than Piaget believed. they do not in themselves lead automatically to cogni - tive gains. Language (30 min., Insight Media) This film looks at the interaction of nature and nur - Talking from Infancy: How To Nurture and Cultivate ture in language development, taking the position that Early Language Development (59 min., Child language in humans is biologically programmed. The Development Media) question of whether animal communication qualifies Based on the book Talking from Infancy, this video as language is among the many interesting issues provides a guide for using language interactively in addressed. play and care routines to foster the early development, of language, social, and cognitive development. Language and Thinking (30 min., RMI Media Productions) Toddlerhood: Physical and Cognitive Development This film explores the origins of language in human (30 min., Magna Systems) development. As toddlers are observed, various This film provides a concise overview of the physical experts explain the major theories about the brain’s growth and motor skill development of toddlers. It also role in processing language during the play years. explores language development, memory, and other aspects of cognitive change during this stage of life. Mastering the Tasks of Toddlerhood (25 min., Insight Media) Chapter 7 The First Two Years: Psychosocial Depicting toddlers in both home and day-care centers, Development this film probes the cognitive and emotional develop - ment that result from the child’s tasks of developing And Baby Makes Three (27 min., Filmakers Library) autonomy and language. This is a film presentation of an important point made in this chapter—that the interaction between mothers, Pre-Verbal Communication (20 min., Filmakers fathers, and babies, each with his or her own person - Library) ality and needs, makes every family unique in its This film makes it clear that the language of gestures, child-rearing practices. The film documents the experi - facial expressions, and noises provides a rich commu - ences of two sets of college-educated parents, one nication link between mother and infant, long before black and one white, and their much-loved 10-month- the infant is able to begin speaking. In this case, a old children. In one case, the mother decides to quit mother and an 8-month-old enjoy a conversation, even her job; in the other, the mother decides to continue though each sees the other on a video screen rather working. The real differences in these two cases are than in person. not in the demographics but in the particular style of the individuals directly involved. Promoting Cognitive, Social, and Emotional Development (22 min., Films for the Humanities and Attachment (24 min., Insight Media) Sciences) This video explores research on the development of This video discusses the caregiving of infants and attachment relationships, focusing on Mary young children with special needs. Among the topics Ainsworth’s Strange Situation Test. explored are the importance of encouraging appro - priate caregiving reactions to the child, the need for Attachment Theory: The Baby/Caregiver Bond (24 stimulation and play, and knowing how to communi - min., Films for the Humanities and Sciences) cate with special-needs children. This classic video gives an overview of John Bowlby’s attachment theory. The Strange Situation is thorough - PsychNow: Interactive Experiences in Psychology (CD- ly described, along with the impact of day care on ROM) (Insight Media) attachment and the long-term impact of attachment (See description under Chapter 1.) patterns on individuals and society. xxiv Audiovisual Materials

Babies Are People Too (27 min., Churchill Films) Erik Erikson: A Life’s Work (38 min., Insight Media) This award-winning anti-child-abuse film for teenage (See description under Chapter 2.) mothers is intended to provide them with a better Fathers (24 min., Churchill Films) understanding of infant development during the first Three fathers share their joys and concerns as par - two years. The film is designed to make better moth - ents. One father is grap pling with the rigorous time ers and better-adjusted babies. commitments of his profession and his intense desire to spend more time with his little daughter. A second Benjamin (42 min., Time Life Video) father who abandoned his wife when his child was Originally produced by the BBC and aired in North very young is now trying to recon struct a life with America on public television as part of the Nova them and a new baby. He struggles with the problem series, this film shows the development of Benjamin of being a father without being authori tarian. The film from birth to 6 months. It emphasizes his respon - portrays his sincere attempts to change himself in siveness to social interaction, as his seemingly random order to relate more adequately to his children. A third movements and noises are actually synch ronized with man mingles fathering with his professional commit - the actions and speech of his parents. One excellent ments and is shown discussing issues with a colleague aspect of this film is that it shows the research tech - as he diapers his little daughter. The importance of niques used to explore parent-child interaction, partic - being a good father is well articulated by all three ularly frame-by-frame analysis of videotaped behavior. men. The film also reveals the difference in the ways moth - ers and fathers play with their infants, with fathers First Feelings (30 min., Insight Media) tending to be more exciting and mothers more Focusing on the development of attachment during soothing. infancy, this film features interviews with Mary Ainsworth, Jerome Kagan, Alan Sroufe, and Lisa The Child at Twenty-One Months (28 min., Films for Bridges. Bowlby’s evolutionary theory of attachment the Humanities and Sciences) and the various biological factors underlying the The Child at Twenty-Four Months (28 min., Films for development of temperament are also discussed. the Humanities and Sciences) Following on The First 365 Days in the Life of a Child , First Person: Impressions of Being a Baby (30 min., this series traces the development of toddlers during Child Development Media) the second year of life. The third and fourth programs Filmed over a two-and-a-half-year period, this film fol - in this series focus on the gradually increasing inde - lows the development of several children from birth pendence of children as they learn to dress them - through the first few years of life. The program docu - selves, handle eating utensils, distinguish objects, and ments the foundations for later development provided use language. by secure attachment, early development of social and language skills, and beginnings of the formation of The Child: Part III (29 min., CRM/McGraw-Hill) self-image. A boy and girl are shown as they grow from age 1 to 2. During this period, we see their language develop From Here to Self-Esteem: A Roadmap for Parents of from the one- to the two-word stage and their social Young Children (30 min., Films for the Humanities skills emerge as they model their behavior on that of and Sciences) others. The stubbornness and selfishness typical of This video discusses ten specific ways in which par - this age are well-balanced with the toddler’s interest ents and caregivers can build self-esteem in children and involvement with the activities of other people. through everyday interactions such as responding to a Again, since this is cinema verité, you should preview baby’s emotional needs, helping a child work through the film to know how to prepare your students. his or her own problems, and promoting independence.

Developing the Sense of Family (21 min., Films for the How Relationships Are Formed (24 min., Films for the Humanities and Sciences) Humanities and Sciences) This brief program is part of a major series devoted to Part of an excellent series on the psychological devel - the general psychological development of the child. opment of the child, this program discusses the Filmed over a one-year period, in fourteen countries infant’s growing need for stimulation and love. on five continents, this program focuses on the infant’s Focusing on infants in fourteen countries on five conti - developing sense of familiarity with his or her sur - nents, the program demonstrates that infants around roundings and caregivers. the world constantly are discovering new ways of attracting the attention of people in the world around Emotional Development of Children (18 min., Insight them. Media) This short video charts the differentiation of emotions Individual Differences (18 min., CRM/McGraw-Hill) from the first weeks of life to the beginning of formal This movie’s basic theme is that a broad range of education. human behavior and human characteristics is consid - ered normal: thanks to the interaction of heredity and Audiovisual Materials xxv environment, no one of us is quite like another. more time with their young children than they did Although this theme is relevant at many points in the before. The reason for this change is not that the chil - course, the film is probably most appropriate during dren suffer from round-the-clock collective care but the infancy section. It includes descriptions of some of that the parents want more time with their children. the tests that help profes sionals and parents spot infant behavior that may be so far from the norm that John Bowlby: Attachment and Loss (2 programs, 60 further investigation is needed. Among these tests is min. each, Insight Media) the Denver Develop mental Screening Test. Noted attachment researcher John Bowlby discusses his theory of attachment and the research findings Infancy: Self and Social World (30 min., Magna that led to its formulation. Using two case studies, Systems) Bowlby also describes the consequences of broken This film picks up where Infancy: Early Relation ships attachments. In a particularly interesting segment of leaves off, by exploring the child’s expanding social program two, Bowlby discusses his collaboration with world in the first year of life. It begins by examining Sigmund Freud and Mary Ainsworth. how, in the first months of life, an infant gradually gains the awareness of being a person separate from Life with Baby: How Do the Parents Feel? (27 min., his or her mother. A highlight of the program is the Filmakers Library) exploration of how different cultural belief systems A baby is not always a joy, as shown in this film por - impact the psychosocial development of the child. traying three problem situations: an unwed teenage Infant-caregiver synchrony is also examined. mother, an isolated young couple, and a couple who frankly admit that the baby interferes with their rela - Infant Development in the Kibbutz (28 min., Campus tionship. This film will help students see that all new Films) parents could probably use help in adjusting to their This is the best of three films produced by Joseph and responsibilities and that the underlying causes of child Jeannette Stone and the Institute for Child Mental abuse or neglect are probably present to some degree Health that show young children in a kibbutz. The in many of us. film focuses on one 6-month-old boy, who sleeps, eats, and plays with his peers in the infant house (his Mother–Infant Bonding: One More Way to Mislead mother comes daily to provide some of his care, and he Women (28 min., Films for the Humanities and also visits his family). For the most part, the film suc - Sciences) ceeds in conveying the message that the development This adaptation of a Phil Donahue program ex plores of kibbutzim babies, cognitively and socially, is healthy the controversy over whether mothers and infants and normal. must be physically close immediately after birth for To use this movie profitably, you should provide their relationship to develop properly. One panelist, some back ground. Kibbutzim were originally started Diane Eyer, explains why she thinks that the theory of by European Jews trying to make a homeland in the bonding is actually a myth—and another example of desert. In order to survive, women as well as men had how the medical and scientific communities often mis - to work and bear arms. The most efficient way to pre - lead women. pare meals, defend the kibbutz, and raise children was collectively. In addition, according to Bruno Right from the Start (55 min., Prime Time School Bettelheim, many of the women felt that not every Television) adult is necessarily good at raising children. It made (See description under Chapter 4.) more sense, they thought, for the most skilled and patient among them to be the caregivers. The Stress of Separation (20 min., Filmakers Library) When placed in context, this movie stimulates Children in a British day-care center are shown react - much discussion about the “ideal” way to raise chil - ing to the departure of their parents, some times with dren. Some students, especially those who are the par - tears, sometimes quite happily. The purpose of the ents of toddlers, will notice and appreciate the devo - movie is to show developmental changes in reaction to tion and stimulation provided by the metapalet (the separation. Addi tional points that could be raised in resident caregiver). New mothers are given advice and class are the variations of attachment and the roles encouragement, and the setting seems clean, safe, and played by the day-care staff and setting. filled with interesting toys and language-learning opportunities. Other students will protest at the par - Welcome to Parenthood (15 min., Filmakers Library) ents’ separation from their children, especially at If you want to begin a class discussion by asking stu - night. (“Why have them if you don’t want to have dents to list the advantages and disadvantages of par - them?”) Finally, fathers are seen as particularly unin - enthood, this might be a good way to kick off the dis - volved in the infants’ lives, a fact that the men in your cussion. This film is a candid examination of parent - class will probably notice and resent. The film is hood, its joys and stresses, through the com mentary of dated, in interesting ways: an increasing number of teenagers and young adults who have recently become kibbutzim now have the children stay with their par - parents, a new mother who wanted children but feels ents at night, and, in general, parents are spending somewhat overwhelmed and resentful in her parental xxvi Audiovisual Materials role, a father who did not want children but is now Childhood Sexual Abuse (26 min., Films for the delightedly antici pating the birth of his second child, Humanities and Sciences) and a two-career family sharing jobs and parenthood. Through interviews with psychiatrists, social workers, The film emphasizes that one of the most difficult and law enforcement officials, this pro gram explores things about being a parent is matching expectations the ways in which adult women learn to work out the with reality. Many new parents have to admit that numerous problems caused by sexually abusive they’re not “naturals” at it, an admission that is often fathers. It also discusses how children can be manipu - difficult to make. lated into silent acceptance of abuse, the reliability of children in giving eye witness testimony, and various Chapter 8 The Play Years: Biosocial prevention skills that can be taught to children. Development Children of Neglect (30 min., Films for the Humanities Biological Growth: Nature’s Child (60 min., Insight and Sciences) Media) This film profiles the sad, yet often inspiring stories, Focusing on the nature–nurture controversy, this pro - of children who have been neglected by their parents. gram examines the relative influences of genes and Because no one has ever been there for them, such environment on intelligence, temperament, and per - children are remarkably self-sufficient. sonality. Damage: The Effects of a Troubled Childhood (55 min., The Brain (23 min., Films for the Humanities and Films for the Humanities and Sciences) Sciences) This film explores whether the roots of adult phobias This program describes research on how the brain and psychological disorders can truly be traced to functions as the center of thinking, learning, memory, childhood traumas. A variety of experts discuss the emotions, and speech. It presents a particularly effec - controversial notion of repressed childhood memories tive depiction of how nerve impulses are transmitted and the origins of adult depression. and how chemical neurotransmitters enable communi - cation within the brain. It concludes with an examina - The Development of the Human Brain (40 min., Films tion of the latest techniques for exploring the struc - for the Humanities and Sciences) ture and function of the brain. (See description under Chapter 5.)

Child Abuse (19 min., Films for the Humanities and Foster Care (24 min., Films for the Humanities and Sciences) Sciences) This film explores sexually and physically abused chil - Each year, 200,000 abused or neglected children are dren through the experiences of a therapist and clini - taken from their homes. This heart-wrenching video cal social worker who deal with sex offenders and profiles the foster care system, as seen through the their victims. It makes the important point that the eyes of three foster children, their parents, social child’s social interaction is often an important clue to workers, and the judges who must decide their fate. what has happened behind closed doors. No More Secrets (24 min., Films for the Humanities Child Care: Outdoor Safety (3 films, each 16–19 min - and Sciences) utes in duration, Insight Media) Through riveting case studies of sexually abused chil - Although primarily intended as vehicles for parent dren and adults who were abused as children, this and teacher training, these films illustrate numer ous program explores the long-term damage that results specific aspects of biosocial development and highlight from childhood sexual abuse. the importance of outdoor safety in pre venting acci - dents—the leading cause of child hood death. Setting No One Saved Dennis (14 min., Films for the up the Rules discusses the impor tance of outdoor Humanities and Sciences) play for childhood develop ment and identifies many A segment of 60 Minutes hosted by Diane Sawyer, this common dangers presented by the outdoors. The Play - brief film tells the story of Dennis, who was placed for ground discusses specific dangers of common play - adoption in the home of a child abuser, in a communi - ground equipment. Kids on the Go explores various ty of acquiescent family members, social workers, and safety issues during field trips. health professionals who failed to intervene and pre - vent his death. Childhood Physical Abuse (26 min., Films for the Humanities and Sciences) Physical Development (21 min., CRM/McGraw-Hill) This program explores a range of issues concerning This film provides an overview of physical growth the physical abuse of children, including the kinds of from infancy to adolescence. Because it includes infor - adults who are likely to abuse their children, the mation about puberty, it could be shown with Chapter effects of abuse on children, and how abusive parents 14; and because it shows how body fat is measured, can break the cycle of their behavior. it is also relevant to Chapter 11. How ever, it is recommended with Chapter 8 because it highlights Audiovisual Materials xxvii movement education as a way of helping normal chil - Chapter 9 The Play Years: Cognitive dren reduce tension and learning-disabled children Development improve their perceptual-motor skills. The link between movement and perceptual-motor skills may The Child: Part IV (28 min., CRM/McGraw-Hill) not be as direct as this film indicates, but the theme Again in a cinema-verité form, with minimal narra - that physical growth should be accompanied by physi - tion, the fourth film in this series shows a 2-year-old cal exercise is one almost all developmental psycholo - and a 3-year-old (Kathy and Ian) as they learn about gists support. their world through modeling, trial and error, discov - ery, and maturation. Viewing this film will help stu - Preschool Physical Development (30 min., Insight dents understand the amazing learning potential of 3- Media) year-olds, and should help focus debate on whether This film examines physical development between these children should be systematically provided with ages 3 and 6, including development of the skeletal, specific learning experiences or left on their own to circulatory, and nervous systems. explore their environment.

Preschoolers: Physical and Cognitive Development (30 Child Language: Learning Without Teaching (20 min., min., Magna Systems) Davidson Films) This film explores the three domains of development (See descriptions under Chapter 6.) of the child between the ages of 3 and 6 years. The chubby toddler becomes the leaner preschooler whose Cognitive Development (20 min., CRM/McGraw-Hill) improved motor coordination enables a variety of new (See description under Chapter 2.) activities. Perceptual development, preschool thinking, and language development are also examined. Cultural Bias in Education (28 min., Films for the Humanities and Sciences) Psychological Maltreatment of Children: Assault on This program explores the various roadblocks to the Psyche (19 min., Insight Media) Latino academic advance ment in the United States, This brief, award-winning film dramatizes the emo - including the relationship between standardized test - tional effects of verbal abuse on children. Intended pri - ing and cultural diversity, and the catering of early marily for teacher in-service training, experts analyze childhood education programs to majority-culture each situation portrayed and offer recommendations families. for intervention.

Secure Your Child’s Future (14 min., IFB) Developing Language Skills (30 min., Insight Media) This straightforward film emphasizes the importance This film focuses on the ways in which language of safety seats and seatbelts for young car passengers. changes during the preschool years. It also explores The class discussion could begin with the statistics. the relationship between thinking and language— Then you could ask: Why do all U.S. states re quire looking, for example, at how the home environment, parents to restrain their children in seatbelts? What including social class, influences language learning. are the problems associated with such mandates? Ideally, a student who is a parent will volunteer the Early Childhood Training Series: Path to Math practical problems of trying to keep children safe at all (15 min., Magna Systems) times, and the class will suggest solutions. The discus - This series of five videos presents images of children sion should include recognition of the role of the using their senses of vision, hearing, smell, touch, and macro-, exo-, and microsystems, as well as the role of taste as they explore their environments and develop developmental psychology, in helping keep children rudimentary mathematical concepts. The “path to safe. math” consists of the following steps: (1) One to One Correspondence; (2) Sets and Classification (Seriation Toward an Understanding of Child Sexual Abuse and Ordering); (3) Shape, Parts and Wholes; (4) Space (4 films, each 30 min., Insight Media) and Measurement; and (5) Number and Counting. Psychosexual Development of Children describes the normal range of children’s sexual development and Failures Before Kindergarten (28 min., Films for the explains the criteria for defining sexual abuse relative Humanities and Sciences) to these developmental norms. (See description under Chapter 6.) Dynamics describes the various categories of sexu - al abuse and presents legal definitions used in such The Growth of Intelligence in the Preschool Years cases. Intervention focuses on the roles of various legal (31 min., Davidson Films) and child protective agencies that have been estab - Preschool thinking processes are in evidence when lished to deal with child sexual abuse. Treatment children, aged 3 to 6, are given Piagetian sorting and explores various models of treatment for sex offenders grouping tasks. This movie is especially useful if stu - and discusses the rationale for their treatment. dents are skeptical of Piaget’s delineations, for it xxviii Audiovisual Materials shows that overall categories such as shape and color and the Kedren Health Center in central Los Angeles, are imperfectly used by preschoolers in classification which tries to prepare chil dren for kindergarten. Good tasks. discussion ques tions related to the film include the fol - lowing: Are the differences among the four schools How Does the Mind Grow? (60 min., RMI Media determined primarily by the formal goals of each pro - Productions) gram or by the age and background of the children? Is The program begins with an overview of the major one type of school best for all children, or are some perspectives on cognitive development that have been children better served by certain types of programs, historically significant. Two of these, Piaget’s stage and other children by other programs? theory and information-processing theory, are then explored at length, including a discussion of the Preschool Mental Development (30 min., Insight strengths and weaknesses of each theory. Media) Focusing on cognitive development in preschoolers, The Impact of the Classroom Environment on Child this film reviews Piaget’s stage model and compares it Development (18 min., Davidson Films) with the behaviorist approach to cognitive develop - This film illustrates how three imaginative pre school ment. The Head Start program is described as an teachers created an enriched learning environment for example of enriching the child’s learning environment. their children out of everyday materials and events. Providing a good antidote to the idea that a wealth of The Preschool Parent: Building Confidence and commercially manufac tured materials is essential to Curiosity (30 min., Films for the Humanities and preschool education, the film is particularly relevant if Sciences) your class includes a large number of teachers or This heart-warming video profiles four modern, excep - teachers-to-be. tionally busy families, and their efforts to build confi - dence and encourage curiosity in their children. Language Development (32 min., Magna Systems, Inc.) This video explores the functions of language and lit - Preschoolers: Physical and Cognitive Development eracy from infancy through adolescence. The roles (30 min., Magna Systems) played by adults, society, and the child’s culture in (See description under Chapter 8.) stimulating language development is also discussed. Talk to the Animals (14 min., CRM/McGraw-Hill) Life Is But a Dream: Parents Help Language-Delayed Originally a segment from the CBS program 60 Kids (29 min., Filmakers Library) Minutes, this film shows chimpanzees and gorillas in Milestones: Language for the Young Deaf (14 min., experimental laboratories in Stanford, California, Filmakers Library) Oklahoma University, and the Yerkes Primate Center Beyond showing steps that parents can take to help in Atlanta learning to com municate. The film explores hearing-impaired children learn language, both of possible applications of such research to special chil - these films provide good starting points for dis cussing dren. It also raises some interesting questions about the language-learning process in general. the function and structure of language, as well as Men in Early Childhood Education (24 min., about whether the creative use of language can be Davidson Films) taught using step-by-step programmed techniques. This film illustrates the sensitivity and value of men (Most chimpanzee researchers believe that their ani - as preschool educators. The inescapable point of the mals do use language creatively to express original film is that men’s ideas and presence make the class - ideas, but many other scientists remain skeptical.) room a better place. Vygotsky’s Developmental Theory: An Introduction Out of the Mouths of Babes (28 min., Filmakers (30 min., Davidson Films) Library) (See description under Chapter 2.) (See description under Chapter 6.) The Wild Child (85 min., black and white, United The Preschool Experience: Four Programs (22 min., Artists) CRM/McGraw-Hill) This film, about the famous nineteenth-century This film explores the functions of nursery school, day- French “wolf boy,” is a work of art (it won first prize at care centers, and kindergartens, showing how children the Cannes Film Festival) as well as a source for interact with each other and with teachers in various much speculation and discussion, if your class sched - group settings. Four programs are shown: an ule allows for such a lengthy film. After the boy was Assistance League nursery, which provides care for found, he was exhibited in a cage until Dr. Itard per - ten full hours a day; a Montessori school, which suaded the authorities to allow him to teach the boy. emphasizes individual curiosity and independence; the The teaching process is surprisingly behavioristic and Gesell Nursery School in New Haven, Connecticut; meets with some success as the boy learns to talk, wear shoes, and act “civilized.” Audiovisual Materials xxix

One way to use this film is to describe the idea of The Differences Between Men and Women (23 min., the “critical period” and then show how difficult it is to Films for the Humanities and Sciences) know what would have happened to this boy if he had This film explores the continuing debate regarding the been raised in a normal family. One difficulty is that origins of gender differences in social and psychologi - we do not know if the child was essentially normal cal traits. A particularly effective segment focuses on before he became lost or aban doned. Incidentally, physiological differences in the female and male brain. Kipling’s wonderful story about an infant raised by wolves is just that, a story: Children who are too Do Parents Matter? Judith Rich Harris on the Power young to find their own food and shelter die. of Peers (12 min., Films for the Humanities and Sciences) Chapter 10 The Play Years: Psychosocial In this brief video, ABC news correspondent Sylvia Development Chase interviews Judith Harris, author of The Nurture Assumption . The interview focuses on Anything You Can Do, I Can Do Better (51 min., Harris’s controversial theory of child development Films for the Humanities and Sciences) through adaptation to peer groups. What makes this In this captivating program, which is part of the Brain program particularly effective for use in the classroom Architecture and the Sexes series, researchers debate is its “point-counterpoint” focus: MIT’s Steven Pinker whether male–female differences in the brain’s archi - offers support for the theory and Harvard’s Jerome tecture can completely explain gender differences in Kagan discredits it for its lack of empirical foundation. behavior and cognition. To illustrate the arguments being raised, children are observed at play, in the Emotional Intelligence: A New Vision for Educators classroom, and in their families. (40 min., Insight Media) Daniel Goleman, author of Emotional Intelligence: Brothers and Sisters: Love and Hate (16 min., Insight Why It Can Matter More than IQ , explains how an Media) understanding of EQ can help parents and teachers This short video explores the complex social interac - address such problem behaviors as violence and teen tions between siblings. Birth order, gender, and differ - pregnancy. ences in how parents respond to siblings are also dis - cussed. Emotional Intelligence: The Key to Social Skills (28 min., Films for the Humanities and Sciences) The Child: Part V (30 min., CRM/McGraw-Hill) Taken from the program The Doctor Is In , this video This film shows the unfolding of personality and indi - examines innovative teaching techniques designed to viduality that occurs between ages 4 and 6. Children help children develop the social skills and emotional gradually become more competent and social, just as intelligence that will help them lead happier lives. Erikson’s initiative-versus-guilt exposition would pre - Daniel Goleman explains his theory of emotional dict. The development of confidence is closely tied to intelligence. the mastery of new skills, a theme throughout the three chapters on the play years. The Essentials of Discipline (3 programs, 28 min. each, Films for the Humanities and Sciences) Children in Families (30 min., Insight Media) This three-part series explores the use of discipline Preschool Personality (30 min., Insight Media) during the toddler and preschool years (part 1), Social Stereotyping (30 min., Insight Media) between ages 5 and 12 (part 2), and during the These three titles comprise a series of films on pre - teenage years (part 3). Issues in the healthy use of dis - school development. Designed to provide parents with cipline are illustrated with candid footage of real-life practical tools for managing behavioral problems in disciplinary situations. their children, Children in Families examines various types of family units—nuclear, single-parent, and com - Families First (90 min., Films for the Humanities and munal—and how they influence a child’s development. Sciences) Preschool Personality explains and compares psy - In this lengthy film, journalist Bill Moyers examines chosocial and psychoanalytic theories of per sonality “family preservation services,” an innovative interven - formation. An animated segment illustrates Erikson’s tion for troubled and vulnerable-to-crisis families that crisis between initiative and guilt. Dr. Robert Liebert works with family members in the home. The discusses the relationship between television viewing poignant stories of families dealing with real crises, and childhood aggression. and the caseworkers who strive to keep them together, Social Stereotyping takes an in-depth look at the offer a provocative stimulus for class discussion. factors that lead to the formation of social stereotypes, Families Matter (60 min., Films for the Humanities especially those that relate to sex roles. and Sciences) Journalist Bill Moyers explores why the structure of the traditional family seems to be crumbling in the xxx Audiovisual Materials

United States. Taking a pragmatic approach, experts factors. It also investigates the impact of gender discuss the various steps needed to restore a hos - stereotypes on child development, focusing on academ - pitable social climate for families in this country. ic achievement and peer relationships.

The History of Parenting Practices (20 min., Insight T. Berry Brazelton: The Changing Family and Its Media) Implications (50 min., Films for the Humanities and This program explores the history of parenting and Sciences) the impact of historical, cultural, and governmental Brazelton’s books and programs on child-rearing have policy influences on how children are raised. had a tremendous impact on several generations of American parents. In this film, Dr. Brazelton focuses How Boys and Girls Differ: The First Six Years on the challenges faced by working parents. (20 min., Insight Media) This program examines cognitive, social, emotional, Chapter 11 The School Years: Biosocial and physical differences in boys and girls, discusses Development the origins of these differences, and explores their meaning for parents and peers. ADD Children (28 min., Aquarius Productions) This short program examines the controversial issue In My Country: An International Perspective on of whether too many children are incorrectly being Gender (91 min., Insight Media) diagnosed with attention-deficit disorder. Focusing on This 2-volume video explores cross-cultural varia tion who is being diagnosed and the differences between in gender roles and gender-role develop ment. It is effective and ineffective treatments, the video follows divided into segments covering topics such as division several ADD children over the course of a day at of household labor, gender differences in discipline, home, at school, and off and on Ritalin. care of the elderly, and attitudes toward homosexuals. It includes interviews with people from Japan, India, ADHD: What Can We Do? (45 min., Insight Media) China, Sweden, Lebanon, Mexico, England, Zaire, and The companion to ADHD: What Do We Know? , this many other countries. film focuses on tech niques for managing the dis order in the home and classroom. The use of behavior modi - Parents and Children: A Positive Approach to Child fication techniques, such as positive and negative Management (24 min., Research Press) reinforce ment, token economies, and time-out, is also If your class contains many students who are parents discussed. and want practical tips for handling day-to-day prob - lems with their children, this movie might be helpful. ADHD: What Do We Know? (35 min., Insight Media) It is a clear presentation of behavioral principles, The etiology and prevalence of ADHD are outlined, emphasizing appropriate use of positive reinforce - along with the ways the disorder is manifested and its ment. long-term outcome. A 6-year-old, an adoles cent, and a man in his 20s discuss how the disorder has affected Reward and Punishment (14 min., CRM/McGraw- their lives. Hill) Very clearly, albeit briefly, this film presents the mer - All About Attention-Deficit Disorder (Part 1: 108 min.; its of positive, as opposed to aversive, control proce - Part II: 85 min.) dures for dealing with children. The film is narrated In the first installment of this highly recommended by psychologist and educator James Gardner, who two-part film, Dr. Thomas Phelan uses clinical exam - emphasizes affection and attention as powerful and ples to outline the most prominent symptoms of ADD often underutilized social reinforcers. and their effects on home, school, and social life. Part II traces the developmental course of the disorder, Self Identity and Sex Role Development (33 min., examines ways to diagnose its occurrence, and looks at Magna Systems, Inc.) various forms of treat ment, including medication, This video explores sex role behavior and development behavioral manage ment, and counseling. as seen in the play of young children. It also presents an overview of cultural and social influences on the Asperger’s Syndrome: Autism and Obsessive Behavior development of gender identity. (29 min., Films for the Humanities and Sciences) This BBC production takes a thorough look at Sex Roles: Charting the Complexity of Development Asperger’s syndrome. Described first in 1940, this con - (60 min., Insight Media) dition makes everyday social interactions particularly Beginning with an in-depth examination of sex-role difficult. The program profiles the symptoms of the myths, this program explores various theories of sex- syndrome and its impact on its victims and family role development, especially in terms of the relative members; it also takes an in-depth look at the role of importance each places on biological and psychosocial abnormalities of the frontal cortex in the disorder. Audiovisual Materials xxxi

Autism: A World Apart (29 min., Insight Media) brain development from infancy through adulthood Recommended by numerous educational groups, this and explores its remarkable plasticity, as revealed by documentary uses interviews with families and its ability to reorganize after damage. experts to explore various issues related to autism, including the problems it creates for families, its pos - Hidden Handicaps (23 min., CRM/McGraw-Hill) sible causes and treatments, and the advan tages and Specific Learning Difficulties in the Classroom disadvantages of mainstreaming. (23 min., Davidson Films) With footage from actual classroom interactions, these Autism: Diagnosis, Causes, and Treatments (53 min., films show the behavioral manifestations of the com - Films for the Humanities and Sciences) mon learning disabilities, particularly dyslexia, found Built around several case studies of children, this in “normal” children. Both stress the importance of video differentiates high- and low-functioning autism early detection and patient, individualized remedia - and examines the role of genetics, neurological dis - tion. Hidden Handicaps was originally pro duced for eases, and immune system disorders as possible fac - ABC television and hence is intended for a general tors in autism. The last segment describes Applied audience; Specific Learning Disabilities is intended for Behavior Analysis, multisensory stimulation, nutri - educators and is more specific as well as more current. tion, and other interventions in treating autism. The emphasis on a historical perspective provides a good introduction to this topic. Childhood Depression (19 min., Films for the Humanities and Sciences) In a Class of His Own (26 min., Films for the This brief film profiles a mother and her 3-year-old Humanities and Sciences) son, both of whom have depressive disorders, focusing This program covers a year in the life of Grahame, an on how genetic disorders and chemical imbalances can exceptional child who startled his parents by reading lead to depression. from the newspaper at 2 years of age. Although his parents were determined to foster his remarkable cog - A Conversation with David Wechsler (55 min., Insight nitive abilities in every way, Grahame did not do well Media) in school. The film focuses on the often frustrating David Wechsler, developer of the WAIS and WISC, dis - problems schools, teachers, and parents face in deal - cusses his research and the development of his widely ing with a child who does not fit the intellectual mold. used scales. Intelligence (30 min., Insight Media) Coping with Attention-Deficit Disorder in Children Focusing on the difficulty psychologists have had in (24 min., Films for the Humanities and Sciences) defining and assessing intelligence, this short film This film explores the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, traces the history of IQ tests, describes several fail - and treatment of ADHD. ures in their development, and considers what intelli - gence tests really measure. Arguments as to whether Day by Day: Raising the Child with Autism (60 min., IQ tests measure aptitude or achievement (as critics Insight Media) claim) are presented. The issue of the stability of intel - Focusing on the coping skills and practical strategies ligence is also considered. used by parents of autistic children, this film offers a realistic look into the daily lives of a low-functioning Intelligence: A Complex Concept (20 min., child with no language and a difficult, overly active CRM/McGraw-Hill) child with some language. This movie uses an interesting technique to explore the question of the nature of intelligence: random peo - The Diagnosis and Treatment of Attention-Deficit ple on the street are asked to define intelli gence. Their Disorder in Children (27 min., Films for the answers are diverse and sometimes surpris ing. The Humanities and Sciences) movie then presents the types of answers given by Taken from The Doctor Is In series, this program psychological theories—from the dynamic, stage-ori - focuses on the controversial subject of how a diagnosis ented, process approach of the Piagetians to the more of attention disorder is made. The video follows sever - staid, chronological, product approach of traditional al ADD children at home and school, both on and off intelligence testing. The difficulty of constructing a medication and discusses the best, and worst, environ - valid and reliable test is explained, and a variety of ments for ADD children. tests are shown, each with different strengths and weaknesses. Growing the Mind: How the Brain Develops (50 min., A good introduction to the movie would be to have Films for the Humanities and Sciences) your students give their definitions of intelli gence, This program focuses on the views of renowned neuro - partly to see how, if at all, their answers differ from scientist Susan Greenfield, who views learning, memo - those of the people on the street. A possible follow-up ry, and identity as examples of the restless brain to the movie would be to ask the students (individual - adapting to the environment. The program charts ly or in groups) to devise an intelligence test. xxxii Audiovisual Materials

It’s Cool to Be Smart (23 min., CRM/McGraw-Hill) Mainstreaming in Action (26 min., Insight Media) This film examines several programs for gifted chil - This award-winning video takes the viewer into actual dren, all of which show children learning skills, devel - public school classrooms to watch teachers work with oping talents, and exploring ideas that are unusual for handicapped students in a mainstream ing environ - children their age. Since the teacher’s role is also dis - ment. The teachers offer frank com mentary and valu - cussed, this movie might be parti cularly helpful if able insights into the practicality of mainstreaming your class contains many present or future teachers. and the controversial issue of socialization versus aca - Before showing the film, you might ask if it is demic learning. “cool” to be average, or even “dumb,” too. The American debate about whether special programs for Fright: Inside the World of the Learning Disabled (28 gifted children in fact work to the detriment of other min., Insight Media) children is still alive, although this film (pro duced by Through profiles of several individuals, this video ABC) emphasizes only one side of the question. illustrates the frustration, embarrassment, and shame Indeed, one can wonder whether some gifted students, that the learning disabled frequently ex perience. It especially the dancers and mu sicians, are losing also examines alternative educational techniques that some of the joys of childhood as they accelerate their may be helpful to those with learning disabilities. talents. Physical Development (21 min., CRM/McGraw-Hill) LD = Learning Differences (60 min., Insight Media) (See description under Chapter 8.) This program examines how specific educational hand - icaps affect learning and addresses the con troversial Physical Development in the Middle Years (30 min., question of whether learning-disabled students should Insight Media) be integrated into a regular school setting. It also This film examines physical development between the identifies early signs of learning differences and ages of 6 and 12, emphasizing the wide range of indi - explains how ADD and ADHD affect learning. vidual differences in physical and motor skill develop - ment. The impact of nutrition on develop ment is also Learning Disabilities (19 min., Films for the discussed. Humanities and Sciences) The point is clearly made that not every normal- Prodigies: Great Expectations (52 min., Films for the looking child is a normal learner. This film focuses on Humanities and Sciences) a 9-year-old dyslexic boy who was becoming emotional - This documentary examines the advantages and dis - ly disturbed because his parents, teachers, and friends advantages of gifted young people who, although intel - did not recognize or under stand his problems. Now in lectually mature, are still physically and emotionally a special classroom, he seems to be functioning much immature. better. This film would be a good starting point to dis - cuss common learning disabilities and how people cope A School for Robin (55 min., Filmakers Library) with them. Un doubtedly some of your students will This poignant, realistic film provides a longitudinal recognize that they are in some way disabled. Most look at a preschool that attempts to bring Robin, will acknowledge that they had to discover their own shown from ages 3 to 7, out of his autistic shell within coping methods. a mainstream context. Underlying themes are the importance of play, social interaction, and language Learning Disabled (25 min., Films for the Humanities development during early childhood. Among the sever - and Sciences) al reasons you might want to show this film is that In this brief video, students and educators from the school itself is wonderful, with a caring, well- Trillijum High School for the learning disabled trained interracial staff and with fine teaching materi - discuss the advantages and disadvantages of special als and lots of space. At the end of three years of education. effort, Robin is much better—but on his way to a special class. Lilly: A Story About a Girl Like Me (14 min., Polymorph Films) The Special Child: Maximizing Limited Potential This film was made by the mother of a 10-year-old (26 min., Films for the Humanities and Sciences) Down syndrome child to show her daughter’s daily Dyslexia: Diagnosis and Prognosis (26 min., Films for life. Decidedly upbeat, the film demonstrates how the Humanities and Sciences) much a special child can do and learn when aided by a Dyslexia: Disabled or Different? (26 min., Films for the favorable home environment. You should point out Humanities and Sciences) that not all Down syndrome children have Lilly’s intel - These films examine a variety of developmental prob - lectual potential. Of course, unless home care is lems. The Special Child covers the possible causes and attempted, it is hard to know how much a particular forms of treatment for Down syndrome, autism, prob - child can learn in that milieu. lems of neurological control, and dis ordered speech. Audiovisual Materials xxxiii

Physicians, psychologists, and therapists demonstrate behaviors at each stage. Research findings that con - how a special child’s devel opmental potential is meas - flict with Piaget’s ideas are then examined. The video ured and the steps taken to help him or her reach it. concludes with an exploration of Jerome Bruner’s The two films on dyslexia provide an overview of views on cognitive development and a discussion of the symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and treatment of the new research on the topics of metacognition and theo - various disorders falling under this heading. Dyslexia: ry of mind. Disabled or Different? focuses on learn ing-disabled children in the public school system and how teachers, Concrete Operations (30 min., Davidson Films) parents, and children work together to overcome Using structured interviews with children between 4 developmental barriers. and 9 years of age, David Elkind illustrates Piaget’s characterization of concrete operational thinking. The Understanding Autism (24 min., Films for the film also examines the development of transitive Humanities and Sciences) think ing, reversibility, the construction of the unit This documentary focuses on the various support serv - concept, and criticisms of Piaget’s theory. ices that are available for autistic people outside the home. It examines a high-functioning autistic adult Culture and Education of Young Children (16 min., and poignantly portrays the struggles of the parents of Insight Media) autistic children. This brief film explores cultural differences in child - hood development as they relate to education. Carol A Video Guide to (Dis)Ability Awareness (25 min., Phillips explains how educational programs for young Aquarius Productions) children can be designed to instill respect for cultural President Clinton opens this realistic examination of diversity. the lives of the disabled. The award-winning video consists of a series of candid interviews with people The Elementary Mind (30 min., Insight Media) who have a wide range of physical and developmental This program focuses on Piaget’s concrete opera tional disabilities. stage of cognitive development. Featuring interviews with Robert Sternberg and Rochel Gelman, it also Who Will Teach the Water to Swim? (25 min., Films explores concept learning in middle childhood, child - for the Humanities and Sciences) hood memory strategies, and the controversy over This provocative program follows two teachers who intelligence testing. work at different schools in the Netherlands and chronicles the many problems they face in teaching False Memories (52 min., Films for the Humanities autistic children. and Sciences) Produced by the Discovery Channel, this film explores Chapter 12 The School Years: Cognitive the processes by which the brain processes, stores, and Development retrieves new memories and, on occasion, goes awry. Children of the Tribe (28 min., National Film Board Elizabeth Loftus’s work on the malleability of memory of Canada) is discussed, along with several case studies of This film discusses child-rearing in Japan, showing induced recollections of sexual abuse in children. how both teachers and parents reflect the emphasis on Going to School in Japan (24 min., Insight Media) early achievement within a nurturant setting. This brief program takes an in-depth look at the actu - al school experience of Japanese children. Classroom The Child’s Mind (30 min., Insight Media) size and structure, teaching styles, and competition This program describes the concrete operational stage among students are several of the topics explored. of Piaget’s theory, and the information-processing theory of cognitive development. Memory capacity, cre - Japan’s Toughest School: Nine Days of Hell (18 min., ativity, and metacognition are also examined. In a par - Insight Media) ticularly interesting segment, developmentalist David This short film takes the viewer to the equivalent of Elkind contrasts a child’s and an adult’s conception of an academic “boot camp” used by some Japanese par - morality. ents to prepare their children (during school vacation) for the rigors and potential stresses of the Japanese Cognitive Development (20 min., CRM/McGraw-Hill) school system. As the title suggests, the video ques - (See description under Chapter 2.) tions whether this approach is truly beneficial to Japanese children. Cognitive Development (60 min., Films for the Humanities and Sciences) Language Development (30 min., Magna Systems) This carefully crafted video takes a critical look at This film explores the functions of language (including Piaget’s theory of cognitive development. The film reading and writing) from infancy through adoles - begins by describing Piaget’s stages of cognitive devel - cence. Highlights include an examination of social and opment from birth to 12 years old, illustrating typical cultural factors in literacy. xxxiv Audiovisual Materials

Learning Without School (26 min., Films for the the rare sunny day. When the day is over, she is tear - Humanities and Sciences) ful, they are penitent, and she forgives them—a happy This program profiles 11-year-old Hoppie, whose par - ending not in the original story. This fable can be an ents decided that putting their exceptional son interesting way to start a discussion of peer pressure, through conventional schooling was more likely to being different, and the emotional life of school-age hamper than to foster his intellectual development. children. An interesting question to raise: Which is harder to believe, a planet without sun or children Middle Childhood: Growth and Development (30 min., who feel penitent and forgiving as quickly as these do? Magna Systems) This film provides a concise overview of biosocial and Children, Enfants, Niños (24 min., National Film cognitive development between 6 and 10 years of age. Board of Canada) Topics explored include growth, physical coordination This film has some wonderful footage of children in sports and games, language development, charac - around the world, playing, eating, working, laughing. teristics of thinking, and self-concept. It has no narration, thus allowing the instructor to comment on the universalities in the childhood experi - Middle Childhood: Sense of Industry (30 min., Magna ence, as well as the cultural and geographical differ - Systems) ences. If your college has the facilities to make it pos - Following Erik Erikson’s model of psychosocial devel - sible, you might assign your students the task of view - opment, this film analyzes middle childhood as the ing and reviewing this film, and writing a narrative time when children learn the skills their society val - for it. ues. It also explores the impact of parents and teach - ers in helping children develop a sense of industry, Children of Poverty (26 min., Films for the Humanities focusing on topics such as the use of discipline, school and Sciences) curricula, and classroom environments. This program profiles a representative sample of American children who are living in poverty—all in Multicultural Education: Valuing Diversity (120 min., homes headed by single women. The program vividly Insight Media) illustrates the impact of poverty on children and their In this rather lengthy but excellent lecture, Dr. James mothers, and focuses on the daily struggle to find safe Romero of the University of Oklahoma discusses how shelter, food, and of trying to nurture self-esteem in teachers can create a classroom climate in which impoverished children. diversity is valued. The Child’s Personality (30 min., Insight Media) Social-Cultural Diversity (30 min., Insight Media) This film discusses the increasingly important role of (See description under Chapter 2.) the peer group in personality development during mid - dle childhood. The development of indepen dence, the Success: The Marva Collins Approach (30 min., Media self-concept, and achievement motiva tion are also Five) examined, as is the subject of child abuse. Marva Collins is a black teacher in Chicago who, fed up with the attitude and bureaucracy of the public Close Harmony (30 min., Learning Corporation of system, started her own school for ghetto children. America) Although her school closed in 2008 due to lack of fund - Winner of a 1982 Oscar as the best documentary, ing, there are now five schools using her teaching Close Harmony shows the interaction between a group methods: three in Chicago; one in Cincinnati, Ohio; of elementary school students and senior citizens who and one in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. This film is a hymn join together to perform a concert. It is easy to see to her suc cess. (Note that her critics, who are not por - why this event became significant for all involved and trayed here, say that some of her claims are deceptive - to admire the teacher who made it happen. A possible ly exaggerated.) This film can be a springboard for a topic for discussion is: Are there any ways such con - discussion of what makes a “good” elementary school. tact can be arranged in your community? What prob - lems would be involved? Chapter 13 The School Years: Psychosocial Development Counseling Children (60 min., Insight Media) Using vignettes, therapist Mary Bradford Ivey demon - All in a Summer Day (25 min., Learning Corporation strates an ecological intervention with troubled chil - of America) dren, focusing on the family and community. This film about jealousy and forgiveness in school-age children is based on a science-fiction story by Ray Dreamspeaker (75 min., Filmakers Library) Bradbury. A group of children live on a rainy planet An emotionally disturbed boy runs away from society where the sun shines only once every nine years. As to the forests of Vancouver, where he is found by an they prepare for their first sunny day, one of them— Indian shaman. The holy man helps him work once an earthling—tells of the beauty of the sun. They through his hostilities and slow his readi ness to react are envious of her and so lock her up so she can’t enjoy violently to frustration. The film is visually and emo - Audiovisual Materials xxxv tionally appealing and has won several awards. The Moral Development (two programs, 28 min. each, interesting question, of course, is: How valid is the Insight Media) portrayal of the process of reha bilitation? Your stu - This two-part series explores the concepts of morality dents should be able to discuss this question on the and moral intelligence. Part one examines the princi - basis of their newly acquired knowledge along with pal theories of moral development, including psycho - their long-standing opinions. analytic, sociobiology, social learning, and cognitive theories. Part two explores how moral reasoning The Essentials of Discipline (3 programs, 28 min each, develops from early infancy through adolescence, Films for the Humanities and Sciences) focusing on the important roles played by parents, (See description under Chapter 10.) peers, schools, and society.

Eye of the Storm (25 min., ABC) Chapter 14 Adolescence: Biosocial Development When Martin Luther King, Jr., was assassinated in 1968, a third-grade teacher in an all-white school in Adolescence (30 min., Insight Media) Iowa decided to teach her children about preju dice. An This film is a very basic introduction to the key devel - ABC news team filmed the project. The teacher began opmental issues and concepts of adolescence. Experts by treating all her blue-eyed students as a privileged discuss the physical, psychological, and social changes group; after a few days, she reversed the process, that force the individual to make the transition from treating children with brown eyes as the privileged childhood to adulthood. This film could be shown ones. The film reveals the children from both groups before Chapters 14–16 are assigned. to be amazingly susceptible to the idea that they are superior to those of different eye color. They display Adolescence: Current Issues (2 segments, 32 and 24 enmity for their “inferiors” and even perform their min., Magna Systems) schoolwork markedly better when they are given privi - This two-part series offers a realistic look at the chal - leges such as being first in the lunch line. At the end, lenges facing teenagers today. Part 1 examines the the teacher explains the purpose of the experiment, challenges of pregnancy, sexually transmitted dis - and all the children become friends again. This movie eases, sexual abuse, and alcohol and substance abuse. has become a classic, because it uncovers the univer - Part 2 examines the subjects of depression, suicide, sal wish of humans to consider themselves superior, as delinquency, violence, runaways, and dropouts. well as showing the courageous effort of one teacher to nip prejudice in childhood. Adolescence: Physical Growth and Development (30 min., Magna Systems, Inc.) Friends and Foes: Peers in Development (60 min., RMI This video addresses the onset of puberty, focusing on Media Productions) reasons for timing variations among individuals and Peer influence, both positive and negative, is the sub - the impact of early or late maturation on males and ject matter of this film. The changing nature of friend - females. It also explores the increasing openness of ship as children grow older, the impact of conflict and discussion and acceptance of sexual activity among negotiation, and the consequences of inadequate peer teenagers, bringing out new dangers of sexually trans - relationships are also discussed. mitted diseases (including the HIV virus) and preg - nancies. The film also touches on the use of tobacco, Kids and Stress (28 min., Films for the Humanities alcohol, and other drugs by teens. and Sciences) This highly recommended program examines the Adolescence: The Winds of Change (30 min., effects of stress on children. Among the more serious HarperCollins) consequences discussed are sleep and eating distur - In this film, adolescents frankly discuss the biological bances, alcohol and drug abuse, depression, and sui - and social changes they are experiencing, and develop - cide. The film also discusses the important psychologi - mental psychologists John Conger, David Elkind, and cal and social buffers that help kids help themselves Jerome Kagan provide com ments. A series of candid avoid the negative impact of potential stressors. scenes highlight the importance of parental attitudes and social conditions in molding adolescent behavior, Middle Childhood: Social and Emotional Development as the adolescents either follow or reject their adult (30 min., Magna Systems, Inc.) models. Since political and cultural conditions make Part of the Developing Child series, this module each generation of adolescents somewhat different investi gates a variety of issues in social and emotional from the others, a good discussion question to ask the development: development of the sense of self; family class is: How typical do you think the adolescents in relationships during middle childhood; growth in this movie seem, and how accurate are the experts? social cognition; the impact of divorce and two-career families on children; the blended family; and the func - Adolescent Development (30 min., Insight Media) tion of the peer group. This program charts the changes in each of the three xxxvi Audiovisual Materials domains of development that mark the transition from dent Lynn Sherr visits a Canadian counseling center childhood to adulthood. that has achieved remarkable success in restoring hope and health to sufferers of anorexia and bulimia. Adolescent Physical Development (30 min., Insight Media) Explosions: Biosocial Development During Adolescence This film describes the physical changes that accom - (30 min., Insight Media) pany puberty and discusses their psycho logical This film examines how the physical changes of puber - impact. The psychological effects of early and late ty influence an adolescent’s sense of self. A particular - maturation, menarche, and feelings about physical ly interesting segment focuses on how different cultur - appearance are also explored. al ideas about appearance can produce anxiety, stress, and negative peer pressure. Anorexia and Bulimia (19 min., Films for the Humanities and Sciences) Killing Us Softly—Advertising’s Image of Women Eating Disorders (26 min., Films for the Humanities (30 min., Cambridge) and Sciences) A powerful film that discusses how advertising reflects These two films cover the biological, social, and emo - and perpetuates sexist cultural stereotypes of women. tional problems of the estimated 6 million people who Jean Kilbourne provides an engaging and insightful have eating disorders. It describes the typical person - analysis of media advertisements that at first glance ality profiles of the likeliest patients, shows how appear to be harmless. In her analysis it becomes anorexia and bulimia develop, and de tails various pos - clear, however, that the media’s portrayal of women is sible treatments. In Anorexia and Bulimia , a nutri - often extremely damaging. tionist demonstrates the extremes to which people with these disorders commonly go and the possible Male Rape (42 min., Films for the Humanities and effects of eating dis orders on the cardiovascular and Sciences) central nervous systems. Eating Disorders profiles the Produced by the BBC, this documentary explores sex personalities of patients with eating disorders and abuse against males. Members of “Survivors,” a coun - illustrates the symptoms, development, and successful seling support group for men who have been sexually treatment of anorexia. A particularly interesting seg - abused, discuss how the fear of being labeled homosex - ment highlights steps that are being taken by some ual prevents many victims from disclosing their vic - schools to forestall the development of such problems. timization.

An Anorexic’s Tale: The Brief Life of Catherine Puberty (18 min., Films for the Humanities and (80 min., Films for the Humanities and Sciences) Sciences) This docudrama profiles Catherine Dunbar and her This new film presents a brief, but thorough overview seven-year battle with anorexia nervosa. Based on the of the physical, emotional, and sexual metamorphosis story told by her mother and her own diaries, the pro - that takes place in girls and boys during puberty. In gram traces Catherine’s decline from age 15, when she addition to outlining the neural and hormonal was obsessed by her weight, became addicted to laxa - sequence of events that trigger puberty, and describing tives, and eventually died weighing only 40 pounds. the development of the primary and secondary sex characteristics, this BBC documentary discusses some Bulimia (12 min., CRM) of the social challenges teens face in weathering this This film describes the binge/purge cycles and the stage of the life cycle. motivations associated with bulimia, which is estimat - ed to affect 30 percent of college women. Several vic - Self-Image and Eating Disorders: A Mirror for the tims of this eating disorder, including Jane Fonda, are Heart (24 min., Films for the Humanities and interviewed. Treatment is also discussed. Sciences) This short film analyzes the preoccupation many Dieting: The Danger Point (20 min., CRM/McGraw- women have with their body image, explaining that Hill) when this preoccupation leads to a loss of self-esteem, Dieting is viewed by this movie as a potentially fatal it often manifests itself in an obsession with food and epidemic to which American teenage girls are es - diet. Thus, the film takes the view that eat ing disor - pecially susceptible. Partly through the words of ado - ders are not about food but rather are a reflection of lescent girls themselves, the egocentrism and personal an inner turmoil fueled by social norms for attractive - fables of adolescents are shown to lead to dire conse - ness. The program also ana lyzes the impact of eating quences, including the doublethink of the anorexic disorders on the victim’s family and friends and dis - who, despite her emaciation, believes she is too fat. cusses various therapies for treating these disorders.

Eating Disorders: The Hunger Within (42 min., Films Teen Challenges (30 min, RMI Media Productions) for the Humanities and Sciences) This program presents experts’ and teenagers’ views of An estimated 11 million people in America suffer from teenage pregnancy, eating disorders, and other prob - eating disorders. In this film, ABC News correspon - lems often faced by adolescents. Audiovisual Materials xxxvii

Teenage Mind and Body (30 min., Insight Media) abstract reasoning abilities, limited by adolescent ego - This video charts biosocial and cognitive develop ment centrism. The video also touches on adolescents’ recep - during adolescence, focusing on differences between tivity to their culture, including the models they see at teenagers’ abilities and interests and their parents’ home, in school, and in the media. expectations. David Elkind discusses Piaget’s final stage of development—formal operations—and Adolescent Cognition: Thinking in a New Way Lawrence Kohlberg’s theory of the development of (30 min., Insight Media) moral reasoning. Hosted by David Elkind, this video uses the theories of Piaget, Erikson, and Goffman to discuss the Teenage Pregnancy (26 min., Films for the changes in cognition that occur during adolescence. Humanities and Sciences) This brief, award-winning film follows several American Schools: Catching Up to the Future (30 min., teenagers through the births of their children and Insight Media) early days of parenthood. It provides a sobering look This video probes the perennial question of what’s at how teenage pregnancy dramatically changes lives wrong with American education. Willard Daggett dis - and limits options. cusses his belief that American schools need to be more skill-based in order to prepare students for Teens: What Makes Them Tick? (43 min., Films for the success in today’s information-based, high-tech society. Humanities and Sciences) In this ABC News special, correspondent John Stossel A Day in the Life of a Teen (25 min., Insight Media) discusses the various biological and cognitive changes This interesting film is one of a series depicting the that occur during adolescence to make these years world through the eyes of a toddler, a preschooler, a unique in the life span. Also discussed is the social child, and a teenager. Throughout the film expert com - hierarchy among teens (influencers, conformers, pas - mentary provides a conceptual framework for under - sives, edge kids) that leads to the development of standing cognitive development through adolescence. teenage fads. Dealing with Diversity in the Classroom (23 min., Chapter 15 Adolescence: Cognitive Development Insight Media) This short program analyzes the diverse population of Adolescence: A Case Study (20 min., CRM/McGraw- students in today’s classroom. It examines how educa - Hill) tional goals have shifted from “melting pot” assimila - This film shows us Angie, a 17-year-old junior in a tion to cultural pluralism and explains how teachers large California high school—in math and literature organize culturally diverse classrooms in order to classes, primping in front of a mirror, and in a group make all students feel welcome. of girls flirting with a group of boys. All these scenes are used to elucidate adolescent cognitive develop - Education in America (16–30 min, Insight Media) ment, from the hypothetical to the most egocentric. This series of three videos discusses the evolution of Given adolescent self-consciousness, some of the education in America. Focusing on the 17th and 18th scenes appear too staged. However, the moments centuries, Part 1 (16 min.) takes the viewer to actual when Angie is asked to explain herself (“Who am I? locations of dame schools, Latin grammar schools, Well, I’m a Gemini, so I change a lot, and my moon church schools, and pauper schools. Focusing on the is in Pisces so I fall in love easily”) authentically 19th century, Part 2 (16 min.) discusses the develop - reflect the poignancy of adolescence. Angie is also ment of free public school systems. It also highlights idealistic and aware of her roots (her parents came the change to secular education, the rise of teacher from Mexico), characteristics typical of many education schools, and the influence of American text - adolescents. books. Focusing on developments during the first half John Flavell and Joseph Church comment on of the 20th century, Part 3 (30 min.) discusses the some of the cognitive developments highlighted by the effects of the industrial revolution on education, the movies. Church makes the radical suggestion that appearance of the junior high school, and the modern adolescence is perhaps the worst time for formal edu - testing movement. cation as high schools and colleges now offer it. This view could be used to start a discus sion of the function Formal Thought (32 min., Davidson Films) of school for adolescents. Adolescents are seen demonstrating logical and sys - tematic procedures as they grapple with various tests Adolescence: Cognitive and Moral Development of formal operational thought. For many classes, (30 min., Child Development Media) watching this film will bring home the fact that not all This video describes the changes in adolescent think - adults can master these problems as well as some of ing and moral reasoning that accompany puberty. the brighter adolescents can. Among these are increasingly sophisticated logical and xxxviii Audiovisual Materials

Going to School in Japan (24 min., Insight Media) Adolescence: Current Issues (30 min., Child (See description under Chapter 12.) Development Media) (See description under Chapter 14.) Inside Britain: Education (20 min., Insight Media) This brief film explores the history and evolution of Adolescence: Social and Emotional Development the British educational system and provides another (30 min., Child Development Media) interesting cross-cultural contrast to education in the This video focuses on the adolescent’s search for iden - United States. tity, noting that in the course of this search, teenagers may be in several different identity statuses at the The Middle School (30 min., Insight Media) same time. The importance of friends and the larger Using classroom visits and interviews with leading peer group in offering support and status is also high - educators, this video explores why middle schools were lighted. created and the key features of successful middle school programs. Adolescent Personality Development (30 min., Insight Media) Pressure-Cooked Kids (28 min., Films for the This film examines the adolescent’s search for identity, Humanities and Sciences) the development of independence, and the exploration This highly recommended film explores the esca lating of sexuality during a sometimes tumultuous stage of pressures faced by contemporary teenagers and what life. The theories of personality proposed by G. Stanley can be done to teach them how to handle stress in Hall, Margaret Mead, Sigmund Freud, and Erik their early years so that they can better cope when Erikson are discussed. they are adults. Alcohol and the Family: Breaking the Chain (25 min., Restoring Respect and Responsibility in Our Schools Films for the Humanities and Sciences) (44 min., Magna Films) This video analyzes the signs of alcoholism, focusing Profiling the work of Thomas Lickona, a leader in the on how family members, coworkers, and friends can Character Education Movement, this video provides a intervene. It also discusses the impact of alcoholism compelling argument for the role of schools in the on the children of alcoholics and provides an overview development of student respect and responsibility. The of various therapies for treating the disease. program outlines specific classroom strategies and schoolwide curricula for creating a healthier climate in Among Equals (57 min., Insight Media) today’s schools. This program explores the crucial importance of the peer group for adolescent psychosocial development. Shortchanging Girls, Shortchanging America The topics explored include identity formation, moral (19 min., Insight Media) development, gender differences, friendship, and the Through interviews with educators, business execu - emergence of intimate relationships. tives, and developmentalists, this program explores the devastating effects of gender bias in American The Buzz Is Not for You: Teenage Drinking (30 min., education. The program focuses specifically on the loss Films for the Humanities and Sciences) of self-esteem among girls and illustrates how they The first part of this documentary on the persistent often are steered away from science and math curricu - problem of teenage drinking focuses on its disruptive lar tracks. effects on development. In the second part, various interventions for helping teens avoid peer pressure to Social-Cultural Diversity (30 min., Insight Media) drink are described. Interviews with teenagers, law (See description under Chapter 2.) enforcement officers, educators, and developmentalists explore the wide range of issues related to alcohol Teenage Mind and Body (30 min., Insight Media) abuse by adolescents. (See description under Chapter 14.) The Cliffs (15 min., Films for the Humanities and Teens: What Makes Them Tick? (41 min., ABC News) Sciences) (See description under Chapter 14.) This brief minidrama tells the story of Robbie, who, after breaking his usual pattern of getting drunk every weekend, discovers that drinking responsibly Chapter 16 Adolescence: Psychosocial allows him to be in control and enjoy life more. Development

The Addicted Brain (26 min., Films for the Breaking the Cycle of Violence (2 volumes, 30 min. Humanities and Sciences) each, Insight Media) This award-winning film analyzes the biochemistry of The program focuses on the causes and prevention of the brain, focusing on the mechanisms of “runner’s youth violence. It features the commentary of high,” thrill-seeking, and OCD. community leaders and educators such as Archbishop Audiovisual Materials xxxix

Desmond Tutu, Reverend Jesse Jackson, Paul dren and offers practical examples of how to do so in a Houston, and Ed Zigler. manner that builds trust and resiliency.

Building on Adolescent Experience (95 min., Insight Drugs: Uses and Abuses (8 segments, 20–34 min. Media) each, Films for the Humanities and Sciences) This video profiles Matthew Selekman’s solution- This eight-part series takes a look at the history, oriented therapy approach to working with a mother medicinal and illegal use, and developmental impact and her angry adolescent daughter. of sedatives (part 1), narcotics (part 2), stimulants (part 3), hallucinogens (part 4), inhalants (part 5), Childhood’s End: A Look at Adolescent Suicide THC (part 6), PCP (part 7), and steroids (part 8). (28 min., Filmakers Library) A documentary look at three adolescents who tried to Everything to Live For (52 min., Films for the commit suicide. Two of them, both girls, reflect on the Humanities and Sciences) reasons behind their attempted suicides. The third, a The dramatic opening of this film points out that sui - boy, was “successful” and is represented by his two cide is second only to automobile accidents as the best friends, who wonder what they could have done cause of death in adolescence. This documentary pro - to help. This film distinguishes the hype about sui - files four adolescents: two who attempted and “failed” cide—for example, the little-known fact that suicide is at suicide, and two who succeeded. Family members much more common among the elderly—from the real - and the surviving “failures” talk openly about the pre - ity—every time an adolescent tries to kill him- or her - sumed causes of the drastic measures. self, it is a tragic sign that our social support system has failed. Gifted Adolescents and Suicide (26 min., Films for the Humanities and Sciences) Coping with Peer Pressure (15 min., Films for the An adaptation of a Phil Donahue program, this video Humanities and Sciences) profiles two couples who lost their intellec tually tal - This brief film helps teen viewers learn to cope with ented 17-year-olds to suicide. The program focuses on peer pressure by realistically examining the conse - the need to recognize the pressure of expectations on quences of their actions. A teenager who was nearly overachievers. led astray by peers because of her low self-esteem is profiled. Girls in America: Identity and Adolescence (2 parts, 57 min. each, Corpora tion for Public Broadcasting) Cultural Identity Development (64 min., Insight This award-winning two-part series investigates the Media) struggle of today’s teenage girls to establish identities Although lengthy, this film presents a probing look at that reflect their own hopes and perceptions rather five levels of minority development. It also discusses than social stereotypes. Program One, “Run Like a how clinical psychologists and counselors incorporate Girl,” probes many of the challenges of adolescence, an understanding of each client’s cultural identity into including body image, dating, bulimia, parents’ their treatment. divorce, and teen pregnancies. Centered on the world of competitive sports, the female athletes discuss their Dealing with Teens: A Guide to Survival (52 min., search for identity and self-esteem while resisting the Films for the Humanities and Sciences) social expectations of others. Program Two, “Smile Taking a practical approach, this film offers sug - Pretty,” centers on the competitive world of the beauty gestions for discussing a variety of issues with adoles - ant. Teenage girls from a variety of ethnic and racial cents: dating, sexual activity, emotions, and substance backgrounds discuss the allure of antry, modeling, and abuse. Hosted by actor Howard Hesseman, the pro - their struggle for identity. gram also presents a list of warning signs for care - givers concerned about their teen’s behavior. Good Girl (45 min., Filmakers Library) This film examines the psychological and socio logical The Development of Self (60 min., Insight Media) aspects of adolescence by showing the daily activities This program explores the development of the self- and thoughts of a young girl growing up in America in concept and self-esteem through research using the the 1950s. Particularly interesting is her sexual devel - Perceived Competence Scale for Children, which meas - opment in an era when there were only two kinds of ures self-concept in the areas of scholastic perform - girls, good and bad. ance, athletic competence, popularity, and appearance. It also examines how self-esteem is affected by puber - Inhalant Abuse: Breathing Easy (24 min., Films for ty and various clinical disorders associated with low the Humanities and Sciences) self-esteem. Inhalant abuse is a particularly troubling form of addiction because inhalants are readily available, pro - Drugs and Sex (16 min., Magna Systems) duce a rapid drug “high” that quickly leads to toler - This short film focuses on the difficulties many par - ance and dependence, and can cause permanent dam - ents have in discussing sex and drugs with their chil - age to the brain in a very short time. This program xl Audiovisual Materials analyzes adolescent drug abuse, focusing on the psy - Pretty Colors: Inside America’s Rave Culture (66 min., chological and environmental factors that lead to Films for the Humanities and Sciences) abuse. Interviews of former inhalant users are partic - This gritty film follows Sarah and Stacey, two bored ularly effective in illustrating the variables involved in teenagers who have embraced L.A.’s underground rave addiction. scene to escape their dysfunctional families. Note: Some language in this film may be objectionable. Kids Under the Influence (58 min., Films for the Humanities and Sciences) Preventing Delinquency: The Social Developmental This award-winning program focuses on alcohol—the Approach (28 min., Filmakers Library) number-one drug problem among teenagers. Topics Funded by the United States Department of Justice, covered include physical and psychological disorders this film explains the role parents, peers, school, and caused by alcohol abuse, the influence of peer and community can play in preventing delinquency. advertising pressure, legal issues, and various Providing the young person with legitimate sources of approaches to correcting this widespread social esteem, status, and achievement can make the delin - problem. quent path appear less attractive. Thus, pre vention, rather than punishment, and a systems approach, My Bodyguard (96 min., Films Incorporated) rather than one that focuses on the “bad” boy, are Breaking Away (99 min., Films Incorporated) highlighted. Two touching, amusing, insightful movies about friendship between adolescent boys. The first is about Reviving Ophelia (38 min., Media Education “tough guys” in Chicago, the latter about the efforts of Foundation) four Kansas boys to win a bicycle race. Since they are Reviving Ophelia , by clinical psychologist Mary full-length films that were successful in movie the - Pipher, was one of the most talked-about books when aters, they are a splashy, expensive way to set off the it was first published. In this award-winning program, discussion on adolescent psycho social development. the author discusses the challenges facing young per - Depending on your students and your budget, howev - sons today, especially resisting the influence of the er, they may be well worth it. For instance, Breaking media and popular culture in shaping their identities. Away is filled with examples of a father’s difficulty in She also offers concrete ideas for girls, boys, parents, understanding his son’s attempt to find an identity—a and teachers to help free girls from these “toxic influ - humorous and touching example of the differing goals ences.” A study guide is also available. and needs of the two generations and their attempts to bridge the gap. (This film is also useful for Chapters Running on Empty: Teens and Methamphetamines 14 and 15). (27 min., Films for the Humanities and Sciences) This video probes the growing abuse of methampheta - The Neglected Generation (30 min., Insight Media) mine by teenagers. It begins by discussing the nature Focusing on the often-ignored subject of child neglect, of the drug, and its effects on the body and central this video begins by noting that half of all American nervous system. It then traces the cycle of drug abuse, teenagers suffer from a lack of parental monitoring beginning with the extreme euphoria associated with that seriously increases their risk of developmental initial use, and ending with the crushing lows that problems. The final segment explores the roles that often lead to chronic depression. families, communities, and governments can play in the primary prevention of adolescent problems. Suicide: The Teenager’s Perspective (26 min., Films for the Humanities and Sciences) The Next Generation (57 min., Films for the Each year nearly half a million teenagers attempt sui - Humanities and Sciences) cide. This film deals with the tragedy of adolescent Taken from Bill Moyers five-part series on addiction, suicide and attempts to educate viewers so that they this program looks at community and family interven - will recognize the signs of impending suicide in others. tions designed to prevent drug abuse. One program Jim Wells, a nationally recognized expert on teenage works by teaching parents who are heroin addicts how suicide, provides some unique insights. to repair the damage their drug abuse has caused to their families. Another targets high-risk teens with Teenage Relationships (30 min., RMI Media intensive counseling provided during school. Productions) Focusing on social and emotional development during Obsessions: The Biological Basis of Addiction (55 min., adolescence, this engaging video features views of high Insight Media) school students on peer relationships, sexual activity, This program examines the causes and treatment of and other pertinent issues. various addictions, focusing on the interaction of nature and nurture in the origins of all obsessive Teenage Suicide (19 min., Films for the Humanities behaviors. Russell Sachs discusses the ways addictions and Sciences) to drugs, alcohol, gambling, food, work, and sex, can A documentary that examines the increase in teenage negatively affect the individual and his or her family. suicide, this film explores some of the reasons behind Audiovisual Materials xli the increase and identifies behavior patterns that are follow-up, the class might be divided into small groups considered to be warning signs alerting family and and individuals asked to tell how their parents treated friends to possible problems. the subject. Or one student might role-play a blunt, curious child, with another student playing the parent Teen Depression (16 min., Films for the Humanities trying to cope. and Sciences) This brief film chronicles the lives of several teenagers Youth Terror: The View from Behind the Gun (Part I: diagnosed with clinical depression, analyzing how they 29 min., Part II: 19 min., CRM/McGraw-Hill) became aware of their disorder, how it has changed Originally an ABC News Closeup, this film inter views their lives, and how they have been helped through young criminals, attempting to explore the reasons, therapy. Experts also explain the psychological and attitudes, and background factors that led to their chemical symptoms, causes, and treatments for crimes. It focuses on the serious delinquent who has depression. been arrested several times. To keep this film in per - spective, you might point out that less than 1 percent Teen Suicide: Sara’s Diary (14 min., Magna Systems) of American teenagers are arrested for serious crimes; Based on a true story, this poignant film examines the on the other hand, more than a third of all the arrests subjects of depression, suicide, and bullying. The sub - for serious crimes in the United States involve people ject of much teasing and bullying in her school, Sara under age 18. In fact, if a person is ever going to be makes an unsuccessful attempt at suicide. Afterwards, arrested for committing homicide, that arrest, statisti - her main tormentor discovers her diary and learns cally speaking, is more likely to occur at age 15 than that Sara was really no different that anyone else in at any other age. You might ask your students to think the school. about two questions as they view the film: In what ways are the young people shown here similar to other Teens in Turmoil (26 min., Films for the Humanities teenagers who do not become crime statistics? What and Sciences) can be done to prevent future generations of young This program examines what it’s like to be a teen ager people from repeating the mistakes of the young in North America today, taking the position that grow - people shown here? ing up is harder and more dangerous today than ever before. It describes a high-school crisis prevention pro - Chapter 17 Emerging Adulthood: Biosocial gram and two distinct approaches to handling trou - Development bled adolescents: tough-love and improved parent- child communication. The Addicted Brain (26 min., Films for the Humanities and Sciences) Violence Prevention: What Every Parent Should Know (See description under Chapter 16.) (28 min., Magna Systems, Inc.) Divided into three sections, this video discusses how Adult Children of Alcoholics: A Family Secret children today view violence and the various interven - (52 min., Films for the Humanities and Sciences) tion strategies that have been applied. The first sec - In this poignant film, adult children of alcoholic par - tion, “Crisis Avoidance,” presents basic social tools ents speak out about how their parents’ disease has middle and high school students can use to avoid vio - impacted their lives, beginning with childhood night - lent confrontations. The second, “Conflict Resolution,” mares and continuing into their present-day problem explores how students can use social skills to settle behaviors. The latter include marrying alcoholic their differences nonviolently. Finally, “Problem spouses, abusing other drugs, gambling, and other Solving” focuses on how parents can work with their addictive behaviors. children to respond to troubling situations and ensure their safety. Altered States: A History of Drug Abuse (57 min., Films for the Humanities and Sciences) Who Am I? Psychosocial Development During This captivating film traces the history of drug use in Adolescence (30 min., Insight Media) America from the days when the earliest immigrants Focusing on Erik Erikson’s views of adolescence, this developed an addiction for tobacco, through film depicts how adolescents strive to adopt adult roles Prohibition, and up to the present day. It explores how and forge their identities. drugs of choice have changed over time and documents the cultural, social, and political factors involved in Woman’s Talk 5: Sex Education (18 min., Corinth) drug use and addiction. Questions from preschoolers through adolescents are used to illustrate the parents’ role in providing sex Brain Architecture and the Sexes (51 min. each, Films education. While the film is pretty basic, it could be a for the Humanities and Sciences) good springboard for uncovering some of the embar - This modularly organized series examines biological rassment and misinformation that most adults bring influences on male–female differences in every domain to discussions with their children about sex. As a of development. Each module lasts approximately 51 xlii Audiovisual Materials minutes. Module One, “Sugar and Spice: The Facts Chapter 18 Emerging Adulthood: Cognitive Behind Sex Differences,” discusses male–female Development differences in the developing prenatal brain. Module Two, “Anything You Can Do, I Can Do Better: Why the Moral Development (20 min., CRM/McGraw-Hill) Sexes Excel Differently,” explores the debate over The film begins with a re-creation of Milgrim’s famous whether differences in brain architecture account for experiment on obedience and then explores the rela - statistical differences in performance between women tionship between level of moral reasoning (as and men. Module Three, “Love, Love Me, Do: How Sex Kohlberg defines it) and willingness to shock the vic - Differences Affect Relationships,” explores the way sex tim. As one might expect, research has shown that differences in the brain might influence attraction to subjects who resisted the orders to continue shocking others and parenthood. the “learner” in the original experiment were more likely to reason at a higher stage. How ever, the film Depression Disorders (29 min., Insight Media) points out that some people at the highest stages also This two-part program provides a thorough overview delivered maximum shocks, so the correlation between of major depressive disorder (MDD). Part 1 explores moral thought and behavior is by no means perfect. the symptoms of MDD and examines biological theo - Then narrator David Rosenhan explains the social ries of the disorder. Part 2 uses interviews with indi - learning approach to moral development, again using viduals suffering from depression to explore the role of the same experi mental manipulations that Milgrim life events and stress in MDD. Various treatments are did. described, including cognitive therapy, medication, and electroconvulsive shock Socialization: Moral Development (22 min., HarperCollins) Exploring Psychological Disorders (CD-ROM, Insight This film explores the major theories of morality and Media) re-creates several classic experiments address ing such Using video clips of actual client and patient inter - questions as: What is the source of morality? Is it views, this CD-ROM provides an overview of the crite - learned? Are ideas of good and evil universal? ria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) used to diagnose clinical cases. It Chapter 19 Emerging Adulthood: Psychosocial also includes information on how biological, social, cul - Development tural, and psychological factors interact in contribut - Careers and Babies (20 min., Polymorph Films) ing to psychological disorders. Four women, two with children and two without, dis - cuss the reasons for their respective decisions with Factors in Healthy Aging (28 min., Films for the regard to having children. The movie illu strates the Humanities and Sciences) pros and cons of this question and shows that child- This brief film examines the ongoing study of Har vard rearing has become more a matter of personal decision University graduates and factors that predict health than the inevitable conse quence of adult sexual as a person ages. These include nutrition, smoking, expression. alcohol use, personality, and heredity. Clinical Dilemmas in Marriage: The Search for Equal No More Shame: Understanding Schizophrenia, Partnership (44 min., Insight Media) Depression, and Addiction (21–24 min., Films for the Family therapist Betty Carter discusses her multi- Humanities and Sciences) contextual framework for marital assessment and These three programs discuss the biological, psycho - intervention. Analyzing two case families, Carter dis - logical, and cultural aspects of schizophrenia, major cusses the importance of understanding the life cycle depressive disorder, and addiction. Each disorder is of each family and its particular sociocultural sphere brought to life through the eyes of real people suffer - in improving relationships. ing from the disorder as a panel of experts discusses the underlying causes, prevention, and available treat - Gender and Relationships (30 min., RMI Media ments. Productions) This film explores the complexities of human emotion - Postpartum Depression and the Yates Killings al interactions and attachments. Based on research (22 min., Films for the Humanities and Sciences) findings, the film includes such subjects as the nature Filmed just prior to the arraignment of Andrea Yates, of love, what makes sexual behavior “normal” or who was charged with drowning her five children, this “abnormal,” and male-female differences in sexual ABC News program explores postpartum depression. A attitudes and behavior. panel of experts outlines the warning signs and dis - cusses treatment options. Audiovisual Materials xliii

Love, Love Me, Do: How Sex Differences Affect Development of the Adult (25 min., HarperCollins) Relationships (51 min., Films for the Humanities and This film introduces the viewer to contemporary Sciences) research on development in adulthood through inter - (See description under Chapter 17, under Brain views with Bernice Neugarten, Roger Gould, and Architecture and the Sexes .) Daniel Levinson, as well as Paul Costa and David Gutman. Among the themes explored are the influence Portrait of a Family (30 min. each, RMI Media of biological and cultural clocks and the differences in Productions) male and female adult development. For instance, the This modularly organized series examines various midlife crisis is presented as a possible rather than an aspects of intimacy, marriage, and families. Each mod - inevitable event, dependent in part on one’s sex, ule consists of three or four 30-minute pro grams. career, social status, and cognitive set. Modules 2 and 3 are appropriate for this chapter. Modules 4–6 would be more appropriate with Chapter Factors in Healthy Aging (28 min., Films for the 22. Module 2, “Forming Relationships,” explores vari - Humanities and Sciences) ous aspects of choosing partners, forming intimate Harvard University’s longitudinal study of aging is the relationships, sexuality, and the impact of AIDS and subject matter of this film. The impacts of diet, smok - other sexually transmitted diseases on psychosocial ing, drinking, family history, and personality on aging development. Module 3, “The Marriage Partner ship,” are highlighted. examines a kaleidoscope of issues concerning mar - The Future of Aging (55 min., Insight Media) riage, including how the beliefs and expectations indi - This program examines research into the biological viduals bring into a marriage influence its develop - and psychological mechanisms of aging. Leading ment, communication, conflict resolution, and marital researchers discuss a variety of attempts to reverse violence. Module 4, “The Family Estab lished,” focuses the effects of aging, including hormone replacement on the everyday lives of married couples, discussing therapy and genetic engineering. The program ends such issues as the social and personal impact of two- with a discussion of the social implications of career marriages, financial difficulties, and child rear - increased longevity. ing. Module 5, “The Family in Transi tion,” examines changing family situations, from the transition to par - Menopause: Passage to Paradise (24 min., Films for enthood, to midlife changes, retirement, and the loss the Humanities and Sciences) of a spouse. Module 6, “The Family Extended,” This film explores the experience of menopause explores the special challenges of remarriage, stepfam - through the eyes of a group of older women who have ily living, and aging relationships. experienced it. Some describe their experience as a milestone without incident, while others describe it as Chapter 20 Adulthood: Biosocial Development an extremely difficult and stressful time. The husband of one woman speaks openly about how his wife’s diffi - Adult Development (30 min., Insight Media) cult menopause has affected him. This brief film introduces the major theories of adult development and describes the major transitions of Sexuality and Aging (60 min., Insight Media) this age, including leaving home, parenthood, career Through interviews with elderly persons, gerontolo - selection, and retirement. gists, and sex researchers, this film explores myths and facts about sexuality in the later years of life. Age- The American Alcoholic (54 min. [2 parts], related physiological changes that affect sexuality are CRM/McGraw-Hill) also described. Produced by NBC news, this film explains alcoholism and provides data about its existence in our society. It Women’s Health (27 min., Aquarius Productions) includes interviews with alcoholics who openly This video explores the male bias of medical research describe their problem. It is a useful film to show if and how the shortage of research dedicated to women you emphasize recognition, prevention, and treatment has reduced the effectiveness of treatment of various of adult health problems. diseases. Medical experts provide an illuminating indictment of the politics of medicine. An Easy Pill to Swallow (28 min., National Film Board of Canada) This film describes, and critiques, our cultural tenden - Chapter 21 Adulthood: Cognitive Development cy to rely on mood-altering prescription pills rather Intelligence (30 min., Insight Media) than self-help and psychological techniques to cure our IQ Testing and the School (60 min., RMI Media illnesses. A fact mentioned in the film is that almost a Productions) third of all North American prescriptions are for such Beginning with a historical perspective on how intelli - drugs. A fact not emphasized is that the modal recipi - gence has been defined, these films describe the ori - ent of such prescriptions is a middle-aged woman. gins, intended uses, varieties, and failures of tradi - xliv Audiovisual Materials tional IQ tests. Intelligence also addresses the ques - between loneliness and isolation and illness, depres - tion of whether intelligence is fixed or changeable and sion, and death. describes the differences between intellectually gifted and cognitively disabled individuals. IQ Testing and Clinical Dilemmas in Marriage: The Search for Equal the School describes three types of learning environ - Partnership (44 min., Insight Media) ments (competitive, individualistic, and cooperative) (See description under Chapter 19.) and their impact on student achievement. Development of the Adult (29 min., HarperCollins) Intelligence, Creativity, and Thinking Styles (30 min., (See description under Chapter 20.) Films for the Humanities and Sciences) In this interview, Robert Sternberg outlines his influ - The Human Animal: Family and Survival (52 min., ential triarchic theory of intelligence and discusses Films for the Humanities and Sciences) how multiple intelligences and different thinking Hosted by Phil Donahue, this film begins with the styles relate to traditional, IQ-based measures of sobering statistic that less than 5 percent of American intelligence. households fit the profile of the traditional nuclear family. It goes on to explore the specific challenges of MI: Intelligence, Understanding, and the Mind various family structures in contemporary America. (50 min., Into the Classroom Media) Hosted by Howard Gardner, this program examines Leaving Home: A Family in Transition (25 min., how outdated views of the human mind continue to Direct Cinema Ltd.) dominate our views regarding intelligence. Gardner A family of four daughters is filmed as three of the begins by discussing the cognitive revolution of the daughters leave home, each to pursue a different life. 1950s, focusing on the research of Herbert Simons, The feelings of all family members are explored as the Jean Piaget, and Noam Chomsky. The major thrust of daughters go. The mother discusses “the empty nest” the program is Gardner’s explanation of his theory of and her changing role, while the daughters assert multiple intelligences. their desire to be considered adults in their childhood home. They question whether one ever completely Multiple Intelligences (50 min., Into the Classroom becomes an adult in the eyes of one’s parents. These Media) transitions are compared with changes the father had Harvard psychologist Howard Gardner outlines his to face some twenty years earlier when he left his par - theory of multiple intelligences. As he does so, he ents in Israel to come to the United States. This film reviews the flawed history of intelligence testing and provides an excellent springboard for discussion. puts forth his principal goal for education—the “attainment of genuine under standing.” He explains Midlife Crisis (30 min., RMI Media Productions) why “understanding,” which he defines as the ability Paula Hardin, author of What Are You Doing With the to apply knowledge to new situations, is often under - Rest of Your Life? , joins psychotherapist James Ellis in mined by tradi tional educational emphases. a discussion of whether or not there is a midlife crisis. Parenting Our Parents (26 min., Films for the Chapter 22 Adulthood: Psychosocial Humanities and Sciences) Development This film addresses an important issue for the “sand - wich generation”—care of aging parents. As the size of Am I Wife, Mother . . . or Me? (31 min., LCA) the elderly population increases, the forecast is for a Excerpted from the feature movie I Love You, Good bye, society of the old caring for the very old. Various ways this film takes a critical look at the chang ing role of of coping with the stress of caring for aging parents women in society. Hope Lange plays a 36-year-old wife are also examined. and mother who is dis satis fied with her roles as wife and mother. Seeing herself as merely a chauffeur for Portrait of a Family (30 min. each, RMI Media her children and an audience for her egocentric hus - Productions) band, she leaves to begin a new life. With outstanding (See description under Chapter 19.) acting by Lange and Earl Holliman, the film is an excellent stimulus for classroom discussion. The Sandwich Generation: Caring for Both Children and Parents (28 min., Films for the Humanities and The Broken Heart (28 min., Films for the Humanities Sciences) and Sciences) Phil Donahue and Hugh Downs join a group of elderly Developmentalists and health psychologists are dis - Americans who don’t want their adult chil dren to be covering that many chronic diseases, accidents, and burdened with their care, and a group of adults at even auto fatalities are more common among those midlife, several of whom resent the burdens of the whose family life is disrupted or nonexistent. This spe - “sandwich generation” and several of whom consider it cially adapted Phil Donahue program explores the link a privilege and responsibility. Audiovisual Materials xlv

Chapter 23 Late Adulthood: Biosocial staying healthier. It discusses medical advances that Development have increased life expectancy and explores several emotional issues of aging, including the death of one’s Age-Related Sensory Losses: An Empathic Approach spouse, loneliness, and the need for generativity. (15 min., University of Minnesota) As an individual ages, the body undergoes physiologi - Chronobiology: The Time of Our Lives (58 min., Films cal changes in eyesight and hearing that make social for the Humanities and Sciences) interactions problematic. This presentation explores This program examines the nature and biological evo - the positive and not-so-positive adjustments of a fami - lution of our bodies’ biological clocks. In addition to ly to their grandmother’s aging changes. Although comparing our internal timekeepers with those found family interactions are portrayed, the film is also in the animal kingdom, it looks at ways in which refreshingly didactic as key points are highlighted and researchers are experimenting with “resetting” human discussed through narration. biological clocks.

Ageless America (52 min., Films for the Humanities Factors in Healthy Aging (28 min., Films for the and Sciences) Humanities and Sciences) This film addresses a number of issues in the aging of (See description under Chapter 20.) America, including care for the elderly, why women live longer than men, the “sandwich generation” of The Gift of Aging (30 min., Aquarius Productions) adults with responsibility for aging parents and young This film examines the positive aspects of aging and children, and the problems of aging itself. the wisdom of the aged that can help people of all ages. It profiles several older adults who are aging Aging (25 min., Indiana University) successfully, including Cosmopolitan editor Helen This film begins with the question, “What is it like to Gurley Brown and a 77-year-old couple who embody be old with life stretching out in back of you?” the spirit of volunteerism. Although the problems of aging are honestly por - trayed, the film emphasizes that aging is not all nega - Growing Old: Something to Live For (15 min., tive. Several myths or stereotypes regarding the aged CRM/McGraw-Hill) are explored, among them: the aged are isolated from, The basic message of this short film is that old age and neglected by, their families; the aged are ill; should and can be a wonderful time of life. One of the retirement is bad, and the aged sicken because it reasons it isn’t so enjoyable for more people more of brings feelings of worthlessness; the aged are rigid the time is the prejudice against aging that many and reactionary. The activity theory of aging and the younger people hold. Several active and alert older disengagement theory are discussed, with the conclu - people, among them Margaret Mead and a leader of sion that neither theory is valid by itself. A brief sum - the Gray Panthers, express their views. The movie is mary is given of the Kansas study of adult life. an effective counter to stereotypic views of old age. However, since this is a movie with a message (it was Aging: The Methuselah Syndrome (57 min., Michigan originally written and produced by ABC news), the Media) sadder facts of old age, especially for people who are Taken from the Nova series, this film reports on ill, poor, and/or lonely, are not emphasized. You might research on the causes of aging and includes segments ask your class to consider the accuracy of the overall on progeria, metabolism, the immune system, the point of view portrayed by the film, and you yourself “genetic clock,” the effects of anti-oxidants and under - might prepare for the discussion after the film by pro - feeding on aging, and the findings of the Baltimore viding some statistics on the status of older people. Longitudinal Study on aging. Growing Older and Better (28 min., Films for the The Aging Process (19 min., Films for the Humanities Humanities and Sciences) and Sciences) Another in the Phil Donahue series on human devel - This brief film explores the effects of aging on the opment, this program asks whether the fountain of human mind and body and discusses the cellular dam - youth is just around the corner—or has it already age and genetic clock theories of aging. The program been discovered? The show features a young-old 104- also addresses the lifestyle habits that affect longevity, year-old; actress Estelle Getty, who started her profes - including exercise, proper diet, and moderate drink - sional career at age 60; and Dr. Stuart Berger, who ing. describes various anti-aging strategies.

Aging Well (18 min., Films for the Humanities and How to Live Longer . . . Better (25 min., Films for the Sciences) Humanities and Sciences) This brief program explains why the current cohort of This program discusses lifestyle changes, with an older adults is living longer than their parents did and emphasis on exercise, that are an important element xlvi Audiovisual Materials in extending the life span. The need for both social ter that seeks to help the elderly redefine themselves involvement and good medical care is also discussed. as role models of healthy and graceful aging.

How to Live Past 100 (19 min., Films for the Alzheimer’s: Effects on Patients and Their Families Humanities and Sciences) (19 min., Films for the Humanities and Sciences) This brief film examines the lives of several centenari - Alzheimer’s Disease: The Long Nightmare (19 min., ans in seeking to determine the reasons for their Films for the Humanities and Sciences) increasing number in America today. It also looks at Alzheimer’s Disease (28 min., Films for the the most common health hazards for the elderly, the Humanities and Sciences) relationship between activity level and longevity, and These three films discuss exactly what contemporary whether or not intelligence declines with age. researchers know, and what they do not know, about the mechanisms of Alzheimer dis ease. The first film Man Immortal: The Human Cell and Eternal Life (53 also discusses the use of drugs that treat the disease min., Films for the Humanities and Sciences) by preventing the breakdown of the neurotransmitter This program explores several paradoxes in the sci - acetylcholine and the impact of the disease on the ence of aging, including children with Hutchinson- lives of a patient's family. The second film focuses on Gilford Progeria Syndrome, who age at many times the medical side of the disease, describing different the normal rate, and cancer cells, which can survive types of patient care. The third film is a special Phil indefinitely. From there, the program discusses the Donahue program that shows the ravages of the dis - latest research on aging, life extension, and the possi - ease by profiling one couple, she now reduced to child - bility of human immortality. like helplessness and he to around-the-clock caregiver.

Never Say Die: The Pursuit of Eternal Youth (60 min., New Views on Alzheimer’s (28 min., Films for the Films for the Humanities and Sciences) Humanities and Sciences) This fascinating HBO production examines the vari - Hosted by Phil Donahue, this program focuses on the ous ways Americans find to spend billions of dollars circumstances of four members of the Sisters of Notre annually to beat back the ravages of time. Among the Dame who are subjects in a long-term study of victims techniques examined are plastic sur gery, the Pritikin of Alzheimer disease. diet and lifestyle, European health spas, megavitamin supplementation, and cryonic suspen sion. The pro - Understanding Depression: Through the Darkness gram also explores progeria, the genetic disease that (24 min., Films for the Humanities and Sciences) dramatically accelerates the rate of aging. This short program examines the symptoms and treat - ment of major depression. Profiling three patients, the Symptoms of Aging (28 min., Films for the program examines a variety of issues related to this Humanities and Sciences) “common cold” of mental illness, including the social Focusing on primary aging, the programs examines stigma attached to the disorder. loss of muscular strength, declining visual acuity, and coronary disease risk factors; it also discusses ways in Chapter 25 Late Adulthood: Psychosocial which older adults can preserve their fitness. Development

The Wit and Wisdom of Aging (26 min., Films for the Abandoning the Elderly (16 min., Films for the Humanities and Sciences) Humanities and Sciences) Norman Cousins, himself a survivor of “terminal” can - This brief film profiles the news story involving an 80- cer, discusses humor and the will to survive as potent year-old, wheelchair-bound patient with Alzheimer medicines for the terminally ill. Cousins’s work with disease who was abandoned by his family. In the pro - other terminal patients who “refused to die” is gram, his daughter attempts to explain the circum - described. stances that led to this sad story. The program also reports on the increasing trend of “Granny dumping,” Chapter 24 Late Adulthood: Cognitive brought on by soaring health care costs. Development Aging in Japan: When Traditional Mechanisms Vanish Aging and Saging (24 min., Films for the Humanities (45 min., Films for the Humanities and Sciences) and Sciences) This program documents a society in flux, in which This film examines various cultural perspectives on the traditional mechanisms for looking after the elder - aging, beginning with the message that American cul - ly in Japan—who once were revered as the most ture reveres youth; as a result, the elderly are expect - important members of the family—are beginning to ed to drop out of public life, so they will not remind break down. Although today’s cohort of older Japanese the young of their own mortality. In a powerful seg - workers created the economic miracle of modern ment, the program takes viewers to a weekend Elder Japan, increasingly they are finding that the happy Circle at the Omega Institute, a human potential cen - retirement they looked forward to has been replaced Audiovisual Materials xlvii by isolation. Much of this intriguing program was nursing home administrators. The second film pro - filmed in a Japanese public bathhouse, an ancient vides criteria for evaluating nursing homes, describes institution that has assumed a new role in Japan as a alternative care for the elderly, tours a well-run nurs - place where increasing numbers of displaced elderly ing home, and profiles a man of 95 who lives actively persons congregate. with a minimal amount of community support.

Aging in the Future Series (5 parts, University of Caring for Your Parents (24 min., Films for the Michigan Media Resource Center) Humanities and Sciences) Designed to point out that our traditional approach to This video discusses an increasingly prevalent prob - the position of the older adult in society is changing, lem for middle-aged adults: caring for elderly parents this series of films is hosted by Clark Tibbits of the while attempting to raise one’s own children and U.S. Administration on Aging. maintain a successful career. Taking a practical approach, it also discusses how to deal with a parent’s Part I: Work and Retirement (21 min.) advancing helplessness, problem behaviors, and role A fast-paced look at the historical development of reversal. retirement in the United States. In brief inter - views, older adults discuss the pros and cons of Close Harmony (30 min., Learning Corporation of retire ment and the importance of continuing to America) work for as long as possible. (See description under Chapter 13.)

Part II: Retirement Income Security (14 min.) Grandma Didn’t Wave Back (24 min., Films for the Discusses the concerns of older adults about the Humanities and Sciences) economics of late adulthood, including the worry A “Young People’s Special,” this poignant film tells the that the Social Security system may fail. story of the love between an aging grandmother and Debbie, her 11-year-old granddaughter. Grandma, who Part III: Health Maintenance and Care (11 min.) has lived with Debbie’s family since Debbie was five, This brief film shows older people learning about is getting old now, and the family struggles to adjust. health and health care as they visit a community geriatric clinic and discuss various health care pro - To Be Growing Older (15 min., Indiana University) grams. Also discussed is the need for a national This film sympathetically and realistically presents health care policy. the aging individual as a real person with very hefty problems. These include, among other things, loneli - Part IV: Living Arrangements and Services ness, failing health and eyesight, and locating appro - (15 min.) priate services. The pros and cons of nursing homes This film briefly traces the historical development are examined, and perspectives are shared on aging by of specialized housing and projects future needs several younger people. Because of its candor, this film based on increased longevity. The problems of living is provocative and even disconcerting in places. arrangements for older adults—including mounting To Be Old, Black, and Poor (52 min., Films for the costs, loneliness, and the various needs involved in Humanities and Sciences) maintaining an independent life style—are illus - This poignant film realistically depicts the plight of trated. the elderly African American by chronicling the diffi - cult circumstances of Leonard and Sarah Bass over a Part V: Politics of Aging (15 min.) six-month period. The subject of this film is the increasingly active political role many older adults are taking to pro - Epilogue tect their interests. The Biology of Death (29 min., Films for the Aging Well (18 min., Films for the Humanities and Humanities and Sciences) Sciences) This program covers the current state of scientific (See description under Chapter 23.) knowledge regarding the causes of death and the nor - mal aging process. It also explores cultural and legal Caring for the Elderly (19 min., Films for the end-of-life issues and responses. Humanities and Sciences) Nursing Home Care (19 min., Films for the Death: Coping with Loss (19 min., Indiana Humanities and Sciences) University) These informative films provide an overview of the Individuals of various ages discuss their feelings about various methods of care for the aging. The first film death. Those people who have recently lost a loved one identifies issues in elderly care through interviews share their reactions toward the death of their child, with social workers, senior-citizen advocates, and sibling, or grandparent. The stages of grief and coping xlviii Audiovisual Materials are outlined. Also discussed are the purposes of a Living Wills (30 min., Films for the Humanities and funeral. Religious attitudes about an afterlife are pre - Sciences) sented briefly and without apology. Dying Wish (52 min., Films for the Humanities and Sciences) The Death Knell of Old Age: The Physical Aspects of Medicine and Mercy (26 min., Films for the Death (25 min., Films for the Humanities and Humanities and Sciences) Sciences) These three films explore issues that pertain to dying This poignant program introduces the viewer to Bob, a “good death.” The first film discusses the concept of who, at the age of 87, approaches the final stage of the living wills and advanced directives for lifesaving care life cycle. Tracking the final hours of Bob’s life as he as patients, their families, and doctors present their quietly dies at home, the program uses 3-D computer views about this controversial issue. The second and animations of cellular damage by free radicals, optic third films look at the interplay of technology, ethics, degeneration, spinal nerve damage, and brain failure; and the quality of human life by examining the dilem - endoscopic imaging of degeneration of the heart, blood mas created by advances in medical technology: vessels, bronchi, ears, and stomach lining; and ther - Should you “pull the plug” on a ventilator that keeps a mal imaging of bodily heat loss illustrate the aging brain-dead patient alive? Should you take extraordi - body’s inability to mend itself. nary measures to resuscitate a patient who will forev - er live in excruciating pain? “Doctor Death”: Medical Ethics and Doctor-Assisted Suicide (28 min., Films for the Humanities and Saying Goodbye (26 min., Films for the Humanities Sciences) and Sciences) This specially adapted Phil Donahue program profiles This program talks to people who have recently sur - Michigan pathologist Dr. Jack Kevorkian, who built a vived the loss of a loved one, focusing on how they “suicide machine” that, at the time of this program, he dealt with their grief. A hospital chaplain and the had used to assist 15 patients in ending their lives. director of a hospice also provide insights into the Dubbed “Dr. Death” by the popular media, Kevorkian bereavement process. offers his own beliefs about incurable illness and med - ical ethics. MISCELLANEOUS WORTH VIDEOS Grieving: Suddenly Alone (26 min., Churchill Films) This film is a dramatization of the course of grief that Following is a list of relevant videos that are available follows death as a widow experiences shock, denial, from other Worth video collections. guilt, anger, depression, and, finally, acceptance. Digital Media Archive, 1st Edition Hospice (13 min., Indiana University) Harlow’s Studies on Dependency in Monkeys A hospice is a place where many individuals go to die; Testing Competency in the Newborn nonetheless, this film portrays the hospice as a place Reflexes in the Newborn of hope and peace. Individuals who have placed their Object Permanence loved ones in a hospice are interviewed. Hospice resi - Stranger Anxiety dents themselves also share their feel ings. Although Morelli’s Strange Situation Test the problems and sadness con nected with a hospice Piaget’s Conservation Test are not masked, viewing this film is a positive and Erikson’s States of Psychosocial Development sensitive experience. Bandura’s Bobo Doll Experiment Aging and Memory Letting Go: A Hospice Journey (90 min., Films for the Clive Wearing Humanities and Sciences) Chomsky’s View of Language Development This excellent HBO production takes an intimate look Gleason’s Wug Test at three hospice patients: a 9-year-old boy with an Gender Identity Disorder incurable brain disease, a 62-year-old man with an inoperable brain tumor, and a 46-year-old woman with Digital Media Archive, 2nd Edition lung cancer. In addition to showing how hospice care Prenatal Brain Development can help the terminally ill find comfort and peace in Prenatal Animation: Fetal Development the final days of their lives, the program focuses on The Strange Situation the decision-making processes of patients, family Piaget’s Conservation of Number and Conservation of members, doctors, social workers, and clergy Liquid Tasks members. Moral Development: The Heinz Dilemma Audiovisual Materials xlix

Development of Tangles and Plaques in Alzheimer’s Cambridge Documentary Films The Visual Cliff P.O. Box 390385 Bandura on Social Learning Cambridge, MA 02139 The Research of Carolyn Rovee-Collier Learning Language: Language Development in Campus Film Distributors Infants and Toddlers Corporation Hothouse Babies 2 Overhill Road. P.O. Box 178 Psychologist Ellen Winner Discusses “Gifted” Children Scarsdale, NY 10583

Scientific American Frontiers, 2nd Edition Churchill Films Baby Body Sense 662 North Robertson Boulevard The Magic Years Los Angeles, CA 90069 A Change of Mind Talking Babies Corinth Films, Inc. 410 East 62nd Street Scientific American Frontiers, 3rd Edition New York, NY 10021 Cognitive Development Moral Thinking and Emotion CRM/McGraw-Hill Films Understanding Autism 674 Via de la Valle Aging and Memory: Studying Alzheimer’s Disease P.O. Box 641. Del Mar, CA 92014

FILM/VIDEO DISTRIBUTORS Davidson Films, Inc. In general, film and videocassette distributors are of 165 Tunstead Avenue two types. Some of the companies on this list produce San Anselmo, CA 94960 audiovisual materials for sale or rental. Their primary source of income is through sales, so they are usually Direct Cinema Ltd. happy to send free cata logues, provide additional c/o Transit Media Library information, or allow a prospective purchaser to pre - P.O. Box 315 view an item for no charge. Most of the distributors on 779 Susquehanna Avenue this list are of that type. Franklin Lakes, NJ 07417 In the area of developmental psychology, the giant of these distributors is CRM/McGraw-Hill, which has Filmakers Library visually appealing films on almost every topic. CRM/ 133 East 58th Street McGraw-Hill is one of the many com panies that are Suite 703A willing to send a print of any of their films or videos New York, NY 10022 for a free preview. Other distributors simply collect prints of movies Films for the Humanities and Sciences produced by someone else and rent them. Since they P.O. Box 2053 are not interested in sales, they usually charge for Princeton, NJ 08540 their catalogues and rarely allow free previews. 132 West 31st Street However, their rental fees are usually much lower New York, NY 10001 than those of the original producers. All of the univer - sities on this list are of this type, and many of them Films Incorporated have copies of the films listed here. Northeast: 444 Park Avenue South New York, NY 10016 Southeast: 476 Plasamour Drive N.E. Addresses Atlanta, GA 30324 AIMS Media Inc. Central: 733 Green Bay Road 626 Justin Avenue Wilmette, IL 60091 Glendale, CA 91201 West: 5625 Hollywood Boulevard Hollywood, CA 90028 American Personnel and (specializes in movies produced for the paying public, Guidance Association originally shown in movie theaters) Film Department 1607 New Hampshire Avenue N.W. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Washington, DC 20009 Media Systems 757 Third Avenue New York, NY 10017 l Audiovisual Materials

HarperCollins Publishers, Inc. Ramik Productions, Inc. 10 East 53rd Street P.O. Box 7530 New York, NY 10022 Newport Beach, CA 92660

Ibis Media Research Press P.O. Box 308 2612 North Mattis Pleasantville, NY 10570 Champaign, IL 61820

Indiana University RMI Media Productions Audio Visual Center 2807 West 47th Street Bloomington, IN 47405-5901 Shawnee Mission, KS 66205

Insight Media Sunburst Communications 2162 Broadway #2 Distributed by Harper & Row Media New York, NY 10023 2350 Virginia Avenue Hagerstown, MD 21740 International Film Bureau (IFB) 332 South Michigan Avenue Syracuse University Film Rental Chicago, IL 60604 Center 1455 East Colving Street Learning Corporation of America Syracuse, NY 13210 (LCA) 1350 Avenue of the Americas Time-Life Video Distribution Center New York, NY 10020 P.O. Box 644 Paramus, NJ 07652 Media Five United Artists 3211 Caheunga Boulevard 729 Seventh Avenue West Hollywood, CA 90068 New York, NY 10019

Media Guild University of California Extension 11722 Sorrento Valley Road Media Center Suite J 2223 Fulton Street San Diego, CA 92121 Berkeley, CA 94720

National Film Board of Canada University of Colorado Educational 1251 Avenue of the Americas Media Center New York, NY 10036 Stadium Building or Box 6100 Boulder, CO 94720 Montreal, Quebec, Canada University of Illinois New Yorker Films Visual Aids Service 220 East 23rd Street 1325 South Oak Street Suite 409 Champaign, IL 61820 New York, NY 10010 University of Minnesota Parents’ Magazine Films, Inc. Audio Visual Library Service Communications Park 330 University Avenue, S.E. Box 3000 Minneapolis, MN 55414 Mt. Kisco, NY 10549 University of Southern California Polymorph Films, Inc. Audio Visual Center 331 Newbury Street Los Angeles, CA 90054 Boston, MA 02115 Prime Time School Television Video Nursing, Inc. 108 West Grand Avenue 2645 Girard Avenue Chicago, IL 60610 Evanston, IL 60201

Pyramid Media P.O. Box 1048/WEB Santa Monica, CA 90406 Audiovisual Materials li

Instructor’s Video Tool Kit for Human Development (All videos are also included in DevelopmentPortal)

CHAPTER 1 Introduction CHAPTER 6 The First Two Years: Cognitive Ethics in Human Research: Violating One's Privacy? Development Piaget's Stages of Sensorimotor Intelligence CHAPTER 2 Theories of Development Object Permanence Bandura’s Bobo Doll Study Understanding Neuroscience Methods: ERP Understanding Assimilation and Accommodation Affordances Interview with Barbara Rogoff Research of Karen Adolph Interview with Michael Cole The Visual Cliff Learning Through Participation Research of Carolyn Rovee-Collier The Work of Harry Harlow Infants' Prespeech Gestures Piaget's Stages of Sensorimotor Intelligence Learning Language Chomsky's View of Language Development CHAPTER 3 Heredity and Environment Interview with Steven Pinker Brain Development Animation: Prenatal Research of Janet Werker Behavioral Genetics and Twin Studies Do Language Skills Differ Between Chimpanzees and Identical Twins: Growing Up Apart Young Children? Infertility and IVF Familiarity: Recognizing and Remembering Prenatal Testosterone: Setting the Stage for Throughout Development Development Down Syndrome: A Special Family CHAPTER 7 The First Two Years: Psychosocial Development CHAPTER 4 Prenatal Development and Birth Separation Anxiety Prenatal Animation Developing Self-Awareness The Experience of Pregnancy Are Young Children Self-Aware? Lessons from Animals Sonogram Interview with Alexander Thomas 3-D Ultrasound The Strange Situation Fetal Heartbeat Interview with Gilda Morelli Preterm Birth Differences in Mothers' and Fathers' Style of Play in Birth Many Western Cultures Apgar Test Sibling Wars: Competing for Mom's Attention Iron Deficiency Anemia Child Care Low Birthweight in India Best Practices in Child Care An Observation of Premature Infants A Typical Day in Early Childhood Education A Journey Through Birth CHAPTER 8 Early Childhood: Biosocial CHAPTER 5 The First Two Years: Biosocial Development Development Hormones and Early Development Newborn States Food Preferences and Disgust Interview with Charles Nelson Children in China with Iodine Deficiency Brain Development Animation: Infants and Toddlers Brain Development Animation: Early Childhood Emotional Expression in Infants Brain Development Animation: The Process of Hothouse Babies Myelination Newborn Senses The Childhood Stress-Cortisol Connection Newborn Reflexes Gross Motor Skills Can Infants Recognize Faces? Fine Motor Skills Can Babies Count? Lessons from Animals Stolen Childhoods To Touch and Be Touched: Keys to Development Excising Female Genitals: A Tradition in Burkina Motor Milestones of the First Two Years Faso Nutritional Needs of Infants and Children A Journey Through Early Childhood Malnutrition and Children in Nepal An Observation of Children During Early Childhood A Journey Through Infancy and Toddlerhood An Observation of Infants and Toddlers CHAPTER 9 Early Childhood: Cognitive An Observation of Sleep and Arousal in Young Infants Development A Journey Through Early Infancy Memory Development Age-Related Differences in Autobiographical Memory lii Audiovisual Materials

Magical Thinking Interview with Nancy Eisenberg: Social Competence Piaget’s Conservation Tasks and Emotional Regulation Piaget’s Conversation-of-Number Task Interview with Robert Selman Scaffolding Interview with Nikki Crick Theory of Mind Bullying Early Childhood Language Social Cognition Interview with Susan Goldin-Meadow Divorce Language Acquisition in Young Children Interview with Ronald Sabatelli Childhood Fear: Overcoming a Dog Phobia CHAPTER 10 Early Childhood: Psychosocial False Memories from Early Childhood: Oh, Yes, I Development Remember it Well Interview with Nancy Eisenberg: Emotional Regulation in Children CHAPTER 14 Adolescence: Biosocial Development Delay of Gratification Timing of Puberty Can Children Delay Gratification? Menstruation and the Body Learning Emotional Display Rules: The Disappointing The Female Journey Through Adolescence: 11 to 14 Gift Task Years of Age Early Compliance with Rules The Male Journey Through Adolescence: 11 to 14 Play Years of Age Interview with Jay Belsky Premature Puberty: The Emotional Impact The Boy Who Was a Girl Late Puberty: The Emotional Impact Interview with Michael Lewis Face and Body Dissatisfaction in Adolescent Girls CHAPTER 11 Middle Childhood: Biosocial Does Society Teach Teenage Girls to Seek Physical Development Perfection? Educating the Girls of the World The Male Journey Through Adolescence: 14 to 18 Childhood Obesity Years of Age Brain Development Animation: Middle Childhood The Wisdom of Generations: Boys’ and Girls’ A Young Genius Goes to College Initiations Among the Chokwe and Related Peoples Eugenics and the "Feebleminded": A Shameful History Brain Development Animation: Adolescence ADHD Brain Development Animation: Brain Growth, Infancy Speech, Movement, and the Young Brain: Removal of until Age 18 the Left Hemisphere Teenagers: Sleep Takes a Vacation Autism Empathy in Adolescence Thinking Critically About Autism Teenage Pregnancy Autism: Two Children Young Mothers Autism Spectrum Disorder: Pervasive Developmental Drug Abuse: A Teenager’s Story Delay Adolescent Drug Use Is Childhood Psychopathology Caused by Infections? A Journey with Adolescents Dyslexia An Observation of Adolescents Reading and Reading Disorders Overcoming Learning Disabilities CHAPTER 15 Adolescence: Cognitive Development Phonemic Awareness Task Balance Scale A Journey Through Middle Childhood Formal Operational Thought An Observation of Children During Middle Childhood Decision-making Child Soldiers and Child Peacemakers CHAPTER 12 Middle Childhood: Cognitive Boy Soldiers in Liberia, Africa Development HIV/AIDS Interview with Joseph Campione Changing One's Environment: A Disadvantaged Teen Interview with Robert Siegler Goes to Boarding School Learning and Motivation Risk-taking School Around the World Are Today's Girls Academically Superior to Boys? CHAPTER 16 Adolescence: Psychosocial Development CHAPTER 13 Middle Childhood: Psychosocial Identity Status Development Interview with Anne Petersen Gender Segregation Self-Esteem Can Children Learn How To Share? “Normal” Rebellion in the Family Interview with Larry Walker “Abnormal” Rebellion in the Family: Conduct Disorder Moral Development Community Support Groups in Asia, Africa, and South The Development of Friendship America Audiovisual Materials liii

CHAPTER 17 Emerging Adulthood: Biosocial Romantic Love and the Brain: The Brain’s Reward Development System Brain Development Animation: Emerging Adulthood Long-Term Relationships: Chemical Bonding Today’s College Students: Psychological Profile of Echo Personality and Generativity Boomers Caregivers Between Generations A Job Skills Program in the Philippines Eating Disorders CHAPTER 23 Late Adulthood: Biosocial College Drinking Development Perceptions and Reality in Older Adulthood CHAPTER 18 Emerging Adulthood: Cognitive Active and Healthy Aging Development Signs of Aging Labouvie-Vief’s “John and Mary” Story Brain Development Animation: Late Adulthood Interview with Kurt Fischer The Old-Old

CHAPTER 19 Emerging Adulthood: Psychosocial CHAPTER 24 Late Adulthood: Cognitive Development Development Interview with Catherine Cooper Old Age and Multitasking Homosexuality: Genes Versus Environment Alzheimer’s Disease Relationship States Becoming a Parent CHAPTER 25 Late Adulthood: Psychosocial Happiness, Marriage, and Babies Development Life Stages/Life Review CHAPTER 20 Adulthood: Biosocial Development Making the Most of Life During Adulthood Brain Development Animation: Middle Adulthood Retirement Menopause Elderly in the Workplace: Reassessing Retirement Breast Cancer Volunteering Long-Term Marriage CHAPTER 21 Adulthood: Cognitive Development Grandparenting Expertise Grandparents as parents Nursing Homes CHAPTER 22 Adulthood: Psychosocial Development EPILOGUE Death and Dying Parenthood in Middle Age Death Marriage in Middle Age Bereavement and Grief Family Members: Inclined to Help One Another? liv Audiovisual Materials

Student Video Activities (All videos are also included in DevelopmentPortal)

PART I: BEGINNINGS PART III: EARLY CHILDHOOD

Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter 8: Early Childhood: Biosocial Development What's Wrong With This Study? Food: Preferences and Disgust A Case Study on Culture and Development Gross Motor Skills in Early Childhood Brain Development: Early Childhood Chapter 2: Theories of Development A Journey Through Early Childhood Modeling: Learning by Observation An Observation of Children During Early Childhood Assimilation and Accommodation Mother Love: The Work of Harry Harlow Chapter 9: Early Childhood: Cognitive Development Theory of Mind Chapter 3: Heredity and Environment Language Development in Early Childhood Genetic Code A Case Study in Speech Development A Case Study of Twins Language Acquisition in Young Children

Chapter 4: Prenatal Development and Birth Chapter 10: Early Childhood: Psychosocial Periods of Prenatal Development Development Brain Development: In the Beginning Children at Play Birth Stolen Childhoods Teratogens A Case Study on Childhood Maltreatment Prenatal Testing The Boy Who Was a Girl The Experience of Pregnancy An Observation of Premature Infants PART IV: MIDDLE CHILDHOOD A Journey Through Birth Chapter 11: Middle Childhood: Biosocial Development PART II: THE FIRST TWO YEARS Childhood Obesity Brain Development: Middle Childhood Chapter 5: The First Two Years: Biosocial A Journey with Children in Middle Childhood Development An Observation of Children During Middle Childhood Newborn Sense Experiences Infant Reflexes Chapter 12: Middle Childhood: Cognitive Development Nutritional Needs of Infants and Children Educating the Girls of the World Newborn States ADHD Brain Development: Infants and Toddlers Thinking Critically About Developmental Science: A Journey Through Infancy and Toddlerhood Autism An Observation of Infants and Toddlers Autism An Observation of Sleep and Arousal in Young Infants Dyslexia A Journey Through Early Infancy Achieving Conservation Motivation and Learning Chapter 6: The First Two Years: Cognitive Moral Reasoning Development Building Better Brains Chapter 13: Middle Childhood: Psychosocial Language Development in Infancy Development The Visual Cliff Bullying A Case Study About Aggression Chapter 7: The First Two Years: Psychosocial Effects of Divorce and Remarriage on Children Development A Case Study of the Society (Culture) of Children Attachment Behaviors in the Strange Situation Child Care: The Best Practices Self-Awareness and the Rouge Test Audiovisual Materials lv

PART V: ADOLESCENCE PART VII: ADULTHOOD

Chapter 14: Adolescence: Biosocial Development Chapter 20: Adulthood: Biosocial Development The Timing of Puberty Signs of Aging Brain Development: Adolescence Menopause A Journey with Adolescents Breast Cancer An Observation of Adolescents Brain Development: Middle Adulthood

Chapter 15: Adolescence: Cognitive Development Chapter 21: Adulthood: Cognitive Development The Balance Scale Problem Measuring IQ Decision Making in Adolescence Development of Expertise Characteristics of Formal Thought A Case Study in Intelligence

Chapter 16: Adolescence: Psychosocial Development Chapter 22: Adulthood: Psychosocial Development The Road to Adulthood: Transitions and Rituals Romantic Love and the Brain Empathy in Adolescence A Case Study in Sexual Orientation A Case Study About Growing Up in Body and Mind Child Soldiers and Child Peacemakers PART VIII: LATE ADULTHOOD HIV/AIDS Who Am I? Chapter 23: Late Adulthood: Biosocial Development Adolescent Drug Use Active and Healthy Aging Perceptions and Reality in Older Adulthood PART VI: EMERGING ADULTHOOD 85 Plus: Living Independently Brain Development: Late Adulthood Chapter 17: Emerging Adulthood: Biosocial Development Chapter 24: Late Adulthood: Cognitive Development Brain Development: Emerging Adulthood Alzheimer's Disease A Case Study About Alzheimer’s Disease and Twins Chapter 18: Emerging Adulthood: Cognitive Development Chapter 25: Late Adulthood: Psychosocial Development Chapter 19: Emerging Adulthood: Psychosocial Grandparents as Parents Development Making the Most of Life During Adulthood Today’s College Students Eating Disorders Epilogue: Death and Dying The Effects of Psychological Stress Bereavement College Binge Drinking Preparing to Die Cheating Transition to Parenthood Happiness, Marriage, and Babies: Is There a Secret?