International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) | Volume IV, Issue VIII, August 2017 | ISSN 2321–2705 Strategic Planning of Solar Parks in , Sanjay Kumar Verma1, Dr. Girbal Singh Lodhi2, Dr. V.K. Sethi3 1Energy Engineer-MPUVN, 2HoD – RKDF University Bhopal MP, India 3VC – RKDF University, Bhopal, MP, India

Summary: Objective is to identify the bottlenecks and assess the financial health of Nodal Agency, achieving its solar pragmatic solutions which catalyze in setting up of ‘Solar Parks renewable purchase obligation and create employment for in Madhya Pradesh’. These Ultra Mega Solar Parks would not local people. help in attaining parity with convectional energy generation sources but would also assist in consolidating India commitment II. INDIA‟S – SOLAR SCENARIO to Climate Change commitments (UNFCCC) like Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC). Power is the most critical infrastructure components for the economic growth and Nation prosperity. For existence, Key words: Solar Photo-Voltaic Plant, Strategic Planning, Solar development and sustained growth of the Indian economy it Park, Ultra-Mega Projects, Renewable Energy, essential to diversify the power generation from conventional Energy security. sources (Coal, Lignite, Natural Gas, Oil, Hydro And Nuclear Abstract: India will celebrate 75 years of Independence in 2022, Power) to Renewable Energy sources (Wind, Solar, to mark this as special occasion; Prime Minister Agricultural, Geothermal heat, sea waves, or bio mass has set an ambitious target to achieve 100 GW of solar power Domestic Waste) which continuously replenishes itself. capacity, this would usher Clean Energy Revolution and overcome dependency on Coal which contributes approximately Confident by the growth rate in clean energy sector and with 60% of generation. Presently India has augmented solar capacity Technological and Financial support from Green Climate till 8 GW (as on July 2016). Thus, moving from 8.7 GW in Fund, the Government of India has submitted its Intended October 2016 to 100 GW by 2022 is one of the most ambitious Nationally Determined Contribution at United Nations Frame targets globally. Work Convention on Climate Change envisaging that it will restrict its energy generation from convectional fuel to 40 % I. INTRODUCTIONS till 2030. ndia‟s topographic, geographic and better annual solar The tentative break up of cumulative On Grid-interactive & I isolation advantage, provides a conducive business Off-grid renewable energy capacity as 31/12/2016 is as environment for setting up solar power plant but to overcome following:- the challenges of setting up of individual or smaller capacities of Solar power projects which are scattered at various Cumulative coordinates in Madhya Pradesh not only incurs significant FY- 2016-17 expenses in developing site(s), procuring water, drawing Achievements Sector separate transmission lines from Plant to nearest substation, Achievement (as on but also augments the project cost per MW and escalates Target (April – 31.12.2016) transmission losses in downstream. [MNRE, 2014] December, 2016) To overcome the above challenges, Government of India I. GRID-INTERACTIVE POWER CAPACITIES (MW) initiated scheme in December 2014 which could aid Solar Power Project Developers (SPPD‟s) in “Bidding, Erection, Wind Power 4,000.00 1,922.99 28,700.44 Commissioning & Operationalization of Ultra-Mega Solar and Solar Parks Power Projects” at plug-and-play mode. Solar Power 12,000.00 2,149.81 9,012.66

The scheme envisages to provide a robust momentum to Small Hydro 250.00 59.92 4,333.85 generation of solar energy by encouraging project developers Power and investors to set up projects of similar nature at various Bio-power intended location in India, thus improving technology, (Biomass & triggering cost-reductions through economies of scale theory Gasification and 400.00 101.00 7,856.94 Bagasse and achieving large scale greenhouse gas emissions Cogeneration) reductions. It would also allow States to utilized categorized barren/unused Land, but also divert in investment from Waste to Power 10.00 7.50 114.08 National and International agencies, hereby strengthening

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International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) | Volume IV, Issue VIII, August 2017 | ISSN 2321–2705

Total 16,660.00 4,341.22 50,017.97  Solar pumps cumulating to 90,710 have been installed throughout the India (as on 31.10.2016).

II. OFF-GRID AND CAPTIVE POWER CAPACITIES (MWEQ) [Year End Review –MNRE, PIB, India 2016]  INR 67.01 crore has been sanctioned for promoting Waste to Energy 15.00 4.47 163.35 activities, master plans preparation, solar city units and installing renewable energy projects. [Year End Biomass (non- bagasse) 60.00 0.00 651.91 Review –MNRE, PIB, India 2016] Cogeneration  Under Solar City Programme, INR 24.16 crore has been released. [Year End Review –MNRE, PIB, 2.00 0.00 18.34 Biomass Gasifiers India 2016] -Rural -Industrial 8.00 4.30 168.54  SECI has identified central and state government owned buildings/departments and issued a India‟s Aero- largest rooftop solar tender of 1,000 MW capacities. Genrators/Hybrid 1.00 0.38 2.97 [Year End Review –MNRE, PIB, India 2016] systems Solar Rooftop SPV Systems 100.00 98.50 405.54 Besides the private sector, all key sectors like, Water mills 1 MW + 0.10 MW +  18.81 (WM)/micro hydel 500 (WM) 100(WM) Airports, Railways, Hospitals, Educational Institutions, Government Buildings under Total 187.00 107.75 1429.46 Central/State/PSUs are have been covered under grid connected rooftops solar target of 40 GW . Table 1: On Grid and off Grid interactive Renewable [Year End Review –MNRE, PIB, India 2016] energy Capacity [Source: MNRE]  Various State/UT Electricity Regulatory Major Initiatives taken by Ministry Commissions have notified feed-in-tariff mechanism or net-metering regulations under which Government of India has came out with following initiatives approximately INR 5000 crore has been approved Acts and Policies to promote renewable Energy and till 30.09.2016, solar rooftop capacity of 500 MW have been installed. [Year End Review – Acts and Policies MNRE, PIB, India 2016]  The Electricity Act 2003 has accelerated the process of  International donors like Asian Development Bank, co-generation and renewable energy development in World Bank, KFW and New Development Bank the country. And provides guiding frame work for (previously referred BRICS Development Bank) has States under Section 63 of the EA-2003 for arriving on sanctioned $ 1300 million dollars which would be a tariff by transparent competitive procurement disbursed at rate of less than 10%. by various process. Nationalized banks like IREDA, PNB, Canara Bank  The National Electricity Policy 2005 stipulates that and SBI. [Year End Review –MNRE, PIB, India distribution companies would increase the share of 2016] electricity from non- conventional resources by  Ministry has tied up with ISRO for Geo tagging of purchasing a through competitive process. all the Rooftop plants using ISRO‟s VEDAS Portal.  National Tariff Policy 2006 announced by Ministry of [Year End Review –MNRE, PIB, India 2016] Power states the Appropriate Commission shall decide a minimum percentage for purchase of energy from Wind Power non- conventional source according the availability of  During the year 2015-16, highest ever wind power resources in that region and its impact on retail tariffs. capacity addition of 3.42 GW was made in the Solar Power country during a single year. Presently India‟s wind power installed capacity is around 28.28 GW and  Under , solar capacity has ranks 4th after China, USA and Germany. . [Year been augmented from 20 GW to 100 GW till 2021- End Review –MNRE, PIB, India 2016] 22. For 2016-17, target of 10,500 MW has been  India has approximately 20 approved manufacturers decided to a cumulative capacity of 17 GW up to with 53 models of wind turbines manufactures up to 31/03/ 2017. [Year End Review –MNRE, PIB, India a single turbines capacity of 3.00 MW. Wind 2016] turbines being manufactured in India are of  In 21 Indian states, 34 Solar Parks of 20,000 MW international quality standards and cost-wise amongst capacities had been sanctioned. [Year End Review – the lowest in the world being exported to Europe, MNRE, PIB, India 2016]

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International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) | Volume IV, Issue VIII, August 2017 | ISSN 2321–2705

USA and other countries. . [Year End Review –  34 Solar parks aggregating to  100 MW projects Canal Bank/ MNRE, PIB, India 2016] 20,000 MW have been Canal Top scheme  National Institute for Wind Energy (NIWE) approved in 21 States. reassesses Wind power potential of 302 GW at 100  MNRE has „granted‟ Viability Gap Funding for Central Public meter hub-height. Online wind atlas is available on Sector Undertakings (CPSUs) and „Government Of India NIWE website. . [Year End Review –MNRE, PIB, Organization @ INR. 1 crore per MW India 2016]  Scheme for setting up 300  Scheme of setting up 1000  Indian cabinet has notified National Offshore Wind th MW of Grid connected Solar MW of Grid- Connected Solar Energy Policy on 6 October 2015. For utilizing the PV Power Projects by Defense PV Power Projects by CPSUs offshore wind power projects on its extended Establishments [MNRE- [MNRE-Schemes and coastline. NIWE is in process of assessing the wind Schemes and Document] Document] resource in coastal areas near Gujarat and Tamil  15000 MW grid connected  2000 MW Grid connected Nadu. . [Year End Review –MNRE, PIB, India Solar Power Projects by solar power through Solar 2016] National Thermal Power Energy Corporation of India.  Comprehensive Guidelines for Development of On- Corporation /NTPC Vidyut shore Wind Power Projects has been formulated Vyapar Nigam and issued on 22nd October 2016. . [Year End Review –MNRE, PIB, India 2016] Table 3: Capacities under various schemes  Guidelines for implementation of “Scheme for Setting up of 1000 MW Inter-State Transmission I. SOLAR PARKS IN INDIA System (ISTS) - connected Wind Power Projects” issued on 22nd October 2016. [Year End Review – The solar parks are concentrated zones for developing projects MNRE, PIB, India 2016] of solar power generation and providing Developers land  To promote optimum utilization of wind energy which is well characterized, with defined infrastructure along with convenient accessibility to amenities and minimizing the resources, Policy for Repowering of the Wind Power Projects has been released on 5th August, 2016. [Year risk associated with the projects, For Example reducing the End Review –MNRE, PIB, India 2016] number of approvals required for developers, which significantly reduce the time between gestation, erection, commissioning and power evacuation time. III. INDIA‟S - SOLAR ENERGY Name of the Bifurcation of India ambitious plans of augmenting renewable S. Capacit Solar Power State Land identified energy to 175 GW till year 2022 under National Solar Mission No. y (MW) Parks is as following:- Developer NP Kunta of Ananthapuramu 1 1,500 Renewable Energy Source Capacity (GW) and Galiveedu of Kadapa Districts 2 1,000 Kurnool District Rooftop Systems 40 Solar AP Solar Power Galiveedu Ground Mounted Grid 100 Power 60 3 Andhra 1,000 Corporation Pvt. Madal, Kadapa Connected System Pradesh Ltd, JVC of district Wind Power 60 SECI, APGENCO and Talaricheruvu Biomass Power 10 Village, NREDCAP Small Hydro Power 5 Tadipathri 4 500 Mandal, Cumulative Capacity (MW) 175 Anathapuramu District of Table 2: Bifurcation of 175 GW Andhra Pradesh Apart from ambitious roof-top solar installation scheme has Arunachal Pradesh Energy been launched by the Ministry, it has also launched other Arunachal Tezu township 5 100 Development Pradesh in Lohit district several schemes to achieve 100 GW Solar Power objective are Agency (APEDA) JVC of APDCL Amguri in  Scheme for Development of  Scheme for Development of 6 Assam 69 Solar Parks and Ultra Mega Solar PV Power Plants on and APGCL Sibsagar district Solar Power Projects [MNRE, Canal Banks/ Canal Tops Chhattisgarh India 2014] [MNRE-Schemes and Renewable Rajnandgaon, Document] 7 Chhattisgarh 500 Energy Janjgir Champa Development districts Agency

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Gujarat Power Radhanesda, 8 Gujarat 700 Corporation Vav, District Balasore, Limited Banaskantha Green Energy Keonjhar, Development Bugan in Hisar 24 Odisha 1,000 Deogarh, Boudh, district, Baralu Corporation of Kalahandi and Odisha Limited Saur Urja Nigam and Singhani in Angul 9 Haryana 500 Haryana Ltd Bhiwani district (SUN Haryana) and Daukhera in Mahindergarh Solar Bhadla Phase II, Park district 25 680 Bhadla, HP State Spiti Valley of Development Himachal Rajasthan 10 1,000 Electricity Board Lahaul and Spiti Company Ltd Pradesh Ltd. District Surya Urja Bhadla Phase III, Jammu and Mohagarh and 26 1,000 Company of Bhadla, Jammu & Kashmir Energy Badla Rajasthan Ltd Rajasthan 11 100 Kashmir Development Brahmana, Villages Ugraas, Agency District-Samba Nagnechinagar Karnataka Solar and Dandhu, Power tehsil Phalodi, Pavagada Taluk, M/s Essel Surya 12 Karnataka 2,000 Development Rajasthan district Jodhpur Tumkur district Urja Company of 27 750 (450 MW) and Corporation Pvt. Rajasthan villages Lavan Ltd Limited Paivalike, and Purohitsar, Meenja, tehsil Pokaran, Renewable Kinanoor, district Jaisalmer Power Kraindalam and (300 MW) 13 Kerala 200 M/s Adani Corporation of Ambalathara Bhadla Phase Renewable Kerala Limited villages of IV, Bhadla, 28 500 Energy Park Kasargode Jodhpur Rajasthan district Rajasthan 14 750 Gurh, Rewa, MP Limited Rajasthan M/s Adani and (421 MW Fatehgarh and 15 500 Rewa Ultra Renewable through Pokaran, Madhya Mega Solar 29 421 Energy Park Agar and support of Jaisalmer, 16 Pradesh 500 Limited Rajasthan GoI out of Rajasthan Limited 17 500 Chhattarpur 1,500 MW) Telangana New 18 500 Rajgarh, Morena & Renewable M/s Sai Guru Energy Gattu, Mehboob Mega Solar Park 30 Telangana 500 Sakri, Dhule Development Nagar District Pvt. Ltd 19 500 district of Corporation Ltd (formerly M/s (TNREDC) Pragat Akshay Jalaun, Urja Ltd.) Lucknow Solar Allahabad, Uttar Power Maharashtra 31 600 Mirzapur, and State Electricity Pradesh Development Dondaicha, Kanpur Dehat Maharashtra Generating Corporation Ltd 20 500 district Dhule, districts Company Ltd. Maharashtra Industrial Area, (MAHAGENCO State Industrial Sitarganj (Phase ) Development I), Industrial Corporation M/s Paramount 32 Uttarakhand 50 Area, Sitarganj Uttarakhand Solar Power Pvt. Taluka , (Phase II) and Limited 21 500 Ltd. (formerly district , Industrial Area, (SIDCUL) M/s K P Power Maharashtra Kashipur Pvt. Ltd) West Meghalaya East Mednipur, West Jaintia State Electricity Power 33 West Bengal 500 West Mednipur, Hills and East Distribution 22 Meghalaya 20 Generation Bankura Jaintia Hills Company Ltd Corporation Ltd districts Initially (MePGCL) proposed in 34 Tamil Nadu 500 To be finalized Ramanathapura Directorate of m district. Site Dimapur, New and Kohima and under revision. 23 Nagaland 60 Renewable New Peren Energy, TOTAL 20,000 districts Nagaland Table 4: State-wise Solar Parks [SECI]

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International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) | Volume IV, Issue VIII, August 2017 | ISSN 2321–2705

II. STRATEGIES INVOLVED IN SOLAR PARK PLANNING the initial cost of lay roads or extending of new road investment. [IJEERT, Volume 2, Issue 7, 2014] Development of Solar Park involves following phases: Apart from onsite accessibility other basis amenities like Identification of Project Boundaries Security, Boundary walls, Fire fighting, common utility area, Project boundary is indentified to optimize the cost of stores, office etc also need to be in place for project developing the solar park infrastructure. For assessing the functioning. appropriate project boundary following project parameter 1.7. Grid connection arrangements need to be analyzed. Availability or proximity of evacuation infrastructure in 1.1. Assessment of Solar Resource upstream and downstream is a key determinant as delay in Solar Resource is assessed by determining total amount of getting grid connectivity led to project delays in completion inter annual variation shortwave radiation received from timelines, escalation in cost. Besides the above, assessment of above by a surface horizontal to the ground, Global inter-state and intra state power evacuation also needs to be Horizontal Irradiance (GHI) is considered. consider, which would further account for financial planning of wheeling arrangements for inter-state and intra-state power Global Horizontal (GHI) = Direct Normal (DNI) x cos(θ) + evacuation. Diffuse Horizontal (DHI) 1.8. Water availability General Thumb rule of solar panel placement in general states that the azimuth of the solar panel should be equal to the Depending on plant/ park capacity site should have sufficient latitude of the place or 1 MW requires 5 Acres of land. reliability/availability of water for cleaning modules and 1.2. Available land area avoid dust particles from traffic, building activity, agricultural activity or dust storms and module soiling due to bird excreta. The land assigned for plant should have appropriate Pitch [IJEERT, Volume 2, Issue 7, 2014] angle, inter row spacing so that space for different module technologies using fixed tilt and single axis tracker could 1.9. Geo technical Feasibility ascertained before project implementation so that any While assessing the land use pattern it is important to escalation in land cost, excavation, etc could be taken into determine soil resistivity, seismic risks, load bearing account. characteristics and availability of Ground water, PH value at 1.3. Land use or around the site, so that relevant cost could be considered at the time of budgeting. Issues such as site proximity to defense sensitive zones or historical places should be avoided. Hence land on which 1.10. Selection of EPC & equipment supplier plant is proposed to be commissioned should have be 1.11. Experience of the EPC contractor lowers the solar appropriate categorized as per barren, rural, forest, power projects risks. Performance guarantee by EPC commercial, etc so that Cost and environmental sensitivity & output guarantee by manufacturer plays a pivotal related for taking prior departmental consent could be taken. role in future plant performance and long term 1.4. Topography viability of project. India is located in „Northern Hemisphere‟, hence land Solar Park Design preferred should be Flat or slightly tilted towards South facing 2.1. Technology selection so that it is uniquely placed to tap solar radiation with 300 to In accordance to inferences of Phase-I, irradiation & climatic 330 clear sunny days and average daily solar incidence of 5-7 conditions, preferred globally Photovoltaic technology with kWh/m2/day.[ IJEERT, Volume 2, Issue 7, 2014] proven track record should be chosen and „electric power 1.5. Regional climate characteristics generation potential per day‟ for that site should be determined. [IJEERT, Volume 2, Issue 7, 2014] Solar PV panels works efficiently within a temperature range of 25˚C to 45˚C, cells degradation of happens due to high GP = η × CA × SR × AF wind velocity, extreme temperatures, shadow on modules and Where, dusting on arrays, thus variation in year wise pattern of local GP = Electric power generation potential per year (kWh/day) climate is significant criteria which should be incorporated SR = Annual solar radiation received per unit horizontal area and same could also to be translated during onsite project (kWh/m2/day) implementation.[ IJEERT, Volume 2, Issue 7, 2014] CA = Calculated total area of suitable land (m2) 1.6. Infrastructure and Accessibility AF = the area factor, indicates what fraction of the calculated Accessibility of site from highways as it affects the areas can be covered by solar panels transportation cost and in case of unavailability it may inflate η = PV system efficiency

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International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) | Volume IV, Issue VIII, August 2017 | ISSN 2321–2705

Mean Maximum annual capital and recurring expenditure of solar park through annual area of SR(kWh/m2 a combination of fixed and variable costs. PV Ef ficie solar Highly /day) Technolog ncy,η radiation Suitable Generation 3.1. Cost Estimation of Solar Park y (%) for highly land CA potential suitable Before implementation of park it is crucial to identify (m2 ) land cumulative project cost, consultancy cost, materials Mono 15-20 111.20- 148.20 economics (Panels, cables, structure, etc), so that estimated C - Si - Multi financially could be used for submission to funding agencies Si 15-17 111.20-125.98 - Si or to discover a appropriate rate by Tender. Since Mega or 180.27×106 5.873 a-Si 6-9 44.50-66.69 Giga watt scale solar park project cost is on higher side it CdTe 9-11 66.70-81.52 would be wise to opt for Tender based approach which not CIGS 10-12 74.10-88.93 only breaks the monopoly of technology/equipment but also CPV 26.3-29 194.90-214.92 promotes Government of India incentives schemes for “Make Table 5: Generation potential of different PV in India”. The discovered rates could be simultaneously technologies [IJEERT, Volume 2, Issue 7, 2014] compared with other similar solar park project costs which are implemented in the countries geographic boundary. 2.2. Land Use Optimization 3.2. Framework for implementing the project For Solar parks projects in Madhya Pradesh, Government has In 2014, MNRE has designated that any project with capacity categorized land usage according to the available shape, size, of more than 500 MW could be developed as Solar Park. agricultural, revenue, commercial, barren, waste land etc and Following financial Grants would be managed and released on intends to effectively utilize barren land. behalf of MNRE by SECI, for which SECI would charge 1% During design stage itself, number of unit that may be pooled as handling fee:- [MNRE,2014] need to decided. Generally, a plot size of each of 50 MW a) INR 25 Lakhs for preparing DPR of the solar park, capacities could be used to optimize the plant layout and conducting surveys etc design through an efficient evacuation network. b) INR 20 lakhs/MW or 30% of the project cost Subsequently while developing Land use for different including grid connectivity cost whichever is lower. facilities adequate provisions for simultaneously developing Solar parks are envisaged to be developed in four modes common facilities such as Roads, drainage system, Power described in section IV of paper. And Implementation evacuation infrastructure from individual Blocks, Pooling agencies may create a Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) to Substation, Water supply arrangement etc. also needs to be maintain a thin equity structure and involve Solar Power worked out. Project Developer (SPPD) for funding and subsequently 2.3. Solar field (block / unit) Layout operation and maintenance of Solar park projects. . Depending on the project location and capacity the assessment [MNRE,2014] of the power evacuation would be laid out, which would 3.3. Revenue and Tariff Model include block wise indicative Layout and DC-AC side Single Generally implementing framework of solar park charges is Line Diagram for overall Solar Park. Besides this, Cross based on costs estimate and Annual recurring maintenance section drawings for various utilities decided like Roads, and administrative charges which on determination could be Drainage, Admin building, Main gate and others would also recovered from SPPD. With help of these parameters SPPD need to be decided in accordance to parameter resolved in demonstrate financial cash flow and also estimates the landed Phase-1st. tariff charges for generated power supply. 2.4. Power Evacuation Facilities Injection of generated solar power into the grid may not be IV. SOLAR PARKS PROJECT IN PIPELINES IN MADHYA feasible in all areas, especially where transmission lines are PRADESH. missing. Hence indicative Single Line Diagram of 220/33 kV Madhya Pradesh has got approval for establishment of Solar connecting plant and Pooling Substation needs to be designed. Project (750 MW) at villages of Teh Gurh, District Rewa. A 2.5. Details of Materials Quantity and Quality joint venture company called Project Depending on the layout and facilities considered Bill of Ltd (RUMSL) has been formed in which MPUVNL (M.P. Quantity required for each facility needs to be estimated Urja Vikas Nigam Limited) is having 50% equity and SECI which acts has preliminary estimate and may change during (Solar Energy Corporation of India) is having 50% equity to detailed project implementation. implement the sanctioned Solar Park in M.P. To ensure viability of its ultra mega solar energy park at Rewa, the Financial implication and Business Model Madhya Pradesh government will extend a state guarantee to For long term sustainability of the Projects it is important that the flagship project which entails an investment of INR 7,500 project needs to be self-reliant, so that it could recover the crore. The tariff based bidding has already been initiated for

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International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) | Volume IV, Issue VIII, August 2017 | ISSN 2321–2705

RUMSL and for other Solar Park project related modalities Apart from administrative and economic feasibility analysis, are being the developed. Approximately 1500 Hectare of land Environmental and social assessment along with Flood control would be required for developing RUMSL Project ,Required hydraulic study has been done. land Purchase of 97% has been done and remaining patch of MNRE through its vide letter No. 30/18/2014- private land will be provided within three months of PPA 15/NSM/Neemuch Dated 13th June 2016 has revised in signing be reduced proportionately would be obtained before implementation. [Business-standard, 2016] principle approval for 2000 MW capacity Solar Park to Madhya Pradesh. The detail as follows: Rewa Ultra Mega Solar Limited invited National/International S. Park players to participate in the Bid process. Park Name District Capacity No. capacity 20 Bidders submitted bid for the project. After technical and Neemuch 250 MW financial assessment, 18 Bidders qualified for the Reverse 1. Neemuch- Mandsaur Mandsaur 250 MW 500 MW Auction process. Agar- Agar 250 MW Reverse Auction process lasted for more than 33 hours. At the 2. Shajapur Shajapur 250 MW 500 MW end M/S Mahindra sustain, M/S Acme Solar and M/S Solenergie power beat the other bidders and were selected as 3. Chhattarpur Chhattarpur 500 MW 500 MW the successful bidders for unit 1, 2 & 3 respectively. Rajgarh 250 MW 4. Rajgarh- Morena Tariff received for the project broke all the previous records Morena 250 MW 500 MW of solar tariff received so far in India. Earlier the lowest tariff Total 2000 MW 2000 MW received for solar project was Rs. 4.34, Rewa Ultra Mega Solar Limited received tariff as under- Table 6: Bifurcation of Solar Parks in MP

Name of company quoted lowest First year tariff Unit V. CONCLUSION rate Rs per unit 1. Mahindra Renewables 2.979 One of the major challenges in development of solar parks is 2. ACME Solar Holdings 2.970 the acquisition of land. The lands acquired for solar parks are 3. Solengeri Power 2.974 government land, assigned land, SJ lands and patta land. The other change is matching the timelines between development The rate derived after reverse bidding will results in terms of of solar parks including power evacuation arrangements and Rs 4100 Crs saving to the state, while DMRC will save Rs setting up of solar projects. However, with active involvement 100 Crs/year against electricity bill. This project has of the state governments, SPPDs, SECI, Power Grid, and established as a model project, for others to follow, due to its STUs these challenges are getting over. Due to excellent unique structure & open access sale out of state to the response and more demand of solar parks coming from the organization like metro. states, the Ministry is contemplating to enhance the capacity Under the project framework, the first contract year‟s rate as from 20,000 MW to 40,000 MW. [PIB,2017] quoted above by the selected bidder. From the second year, there will be a rise of five paise annually for 15 years, REFERENCES inclusive of all taxes. There would be a three-tier payment [1]. Business-standard news titled Madhya Pradesh to provide state security mechanism, comprising a letter of credit of 1.25 times guarantee for 750 Mw Rewa ultra mega solar projects. 15th the average monthly billing for 12 months, a Payment August, 2016 (http://www.business- Security Fund being approved soon, to be created by RUMS standard.com/article/economy-policy/madhya-pradesh-to-provide- state-guarantee-for-750-mw-rewa-ultra-mega-solar-project- and a state guarantee for MPPMCL payment obligation under 116081500665_1.html) the PPA. [Business-standard, 2016] [2]. CRISIL & PHD Chamber, February 2015 Paper titled “A white paper on India solar and wind energy by CRISIL & PHD Project envisage generating 750 MW of which 100 MW Chamber” would be transmitted to Delhi Metro Rail Corporation [3]. First Green Consulting Blog (DMRC), rest would managed and traded by Madhya Pradesh (https://firstgreenconsulting.wordpress.com/2012/04/26/differentia te-between-the-dni-dhi-and-ghi/) Power Management Company Limited (MPPMCL). [4]. IJETAE, Volume 4, Special Issue 1, February 2014 titled “Solar Energy and Economic Development In India: A Review”. World Bank would sanction a Loan of INR 149 Crore and [5]. Indian Council For Research On International Economic power evacuation system and other necessary RUMSL Relations, August 2016 titled “Harvesting Sola Power in India” Infrastructures would be developed through Clean [6]. International Journal of Emerging Engineering Research and Technology Fund. Power Grid Corporation of India, would Technology (IJEERT) Volume 2, Issue 7, October 2014 titled “Optimal Site Selection for Solar PV Power Plant in an Indian constructing a 3 pooling substation and 132/33 kv & 400/220 State Using Geographical Information System (GIS)” kv HT line line to connect the project with the interstate transmission system. [Business-standard, 2016] Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, Government of India

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[7]. Akshay Urja Magzine; http://mnre.gov.in/mission-and-vision- launched , Solar Tariff as low as Rs 3/unit” dated 18-December- 2/publications/akshay-urja/ 2016 published on ”Press Information Bureau Government of [8]. Implementation of a Scheme for Development of Solar Parks and India; Ministry of New and Renewable Energy Ultra Mega Solar Power Projects in the country commencing from (http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=155612) 2014-15 and onwards (i.e. from the year 2014 – 15 to 2018 – 19); [11]. Article titled “Cabinet approves enhancement of capacity from MNRE 2014 (http://mnre.gov.in/file-manager/grid-solar/Scheme- 20,000 MW to 40,000 MW of the Scheme for Development of for%20development-of-Solar-Park-&-Ultra-Mega-Solar-Power- Solar Parks and Ultra Mega Solar Power Projects” dated 22- Project-2014-2019.pdf) February-2017 ; [9]. MNRE Scheme / Documents (http://mnre.gov.in/related- (http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=158621) links/jnnsm/introduction-2/) [12]. Research & Reviews: Journal of Engineering and Technology, dated 7/05/2016 titled „Solar Power – Current Status, Challenges Press Information Bureau of India and Policies in India‟ [10]. Article titled “A new dawn in Renewable Energy- India attains 4th [13]. Solar Energy Corporation of India position in global wind power installed capacity; 38,000 crore (http://www.seci.gov.in/content/innerpage/statewise-solar- Green Energy Corridor is being set up; Surya Mitra” mobile App parks.php)

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