5538 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE April 11 eral of Tennessee; and; in· that capacity, The ·older Members :by this time real HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES held the rank of brigadier general. Be ize that I am referring to the Honorable fore being elected U.S. Representative in CLARENCE CANNON; Representative from TuESDAY, APRIL 11, 1961 1939, to fill the unexpired term of Rep the Ninth Missouri District, which he The House met at 12 o'clock noon. resentative Clarence W. Turner, Court has so conscientiously represented since The Chaplain, Rev. Bernard Braskamp, ney served as circuit judge and chan March 4, 1923. D.D., offered the following prayer: cellor of the 17th Judicial Circuit of The career which this distinguished Tennessee from 1933 to 1939. He was individual has carved for himself This aflirmation concerning Moses, a senior warden at St. Paul's Episcopal throughout the past 50 years should be Hebrews 11: 27: He endured, as seeing Church in Franklin, a member of Sigma an inspiration to all young people who Him who is invisible. Chi fraternity, a Shriner, an Elk, a have ambitions to serve their Nation. Almighty God, Thou alone canst give member of the Independent Order of Especially, when one considers that the blessings of courage and persever Odd Fellows and was a charter member CLARENCE CANNON came to Washington ance to our hearts which are frequently of the Franklin Post of the American back in 1911, on a temporary assignment haunted by needs that are deeper than Legion. to serve as a clerk to the late Speaker we can fathom and longings that reach I join my colleagues and his many Champ Clark, there is every reason for far beyond the understanding of our friends in acknowledging the loss of a those who are interested in serving their minds. truly great servant and in extending to country to be encouraged by the pos Grant that we may not stultify and the surviving members of his family, and sibilities for advancement, if they are thwart the moral and spiritual poten particularly his devoted wife, deepest willing to unselfishly dedicate themselves tialities of our natures by our failure sympathy. to the service of their fellow man.· to lay hold of the wonder and worth Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent It would be difficult to enumerate all of life as revealed in the character and to revise and extend my remarks and of the records which have been estab.:. ministry of our blessed Lord. that all Members may have 5 legislative lished by the dean of the Missouri dele Show us how we may combat and con days in which to extend their remarks on gation, who, as chairman or ranking quer the efforts that materialism is mak the life and character of the Honorable minority member of the Appropriations ing to gain the mastery over the minds William Wirt Courtney, Sr. Committee since the days of World War of men by reducing their faith in Thee The SPEAKER. Is there objection to II, has been responsible for the alloca to a minimum. the .request of the gentleman from Ten tion of appropriations many times in ex Inspire us with a greater loyalty to nessee? cess of those made by all of the previous those lofty sanctions and sanctities There was no objection. Congresses since the birth of this which we cannot clearly define but which Mr. EVERETT. Mr. Speaker, we have Nation. At the same time as chairman we know will give us strength and hope all been saddened here today by the feel of that great committee he has been re and peace. We offer our prayer through ing of a personal loss in the passing of a sponsible for the heaviest reductions in the merits and mediation of our Saviour. friend, William Wirt Courtney, Sr., for nonwar appropriations over previous Amen. · mer Congressman of the Sixth Congres fiscal years in the annals of ' Congress. sional District of Tennessee. I have It has always been amazing to me the THE JOURNAL known Wirt Courtney for approximately manner in which he exercises personal 20 years. He was my close personal supervision over the multitudinous items The Journal of the proceedings of yes friend. He was a eentleman at all times. which appear in the many appropriation terday was read and approved. He served well in this body and in his bills in the course of a session, and I passing we have certainly lost a great think no one would disagree that he THE LATE HONORABLE WILLIAM friend. It is a loss not only to Tennessee, knows more about the fiscal affairs of but the Nation as well. this Nation over the years than any WIRT COURTNEY, SR. other person. The SPEAKER. The Chair recognizes I have been privileged to know this ex the gentleman from Tennessee [Mr. BIRTHDAY ANNIVERSARY OF HON. traordinary person rather intimately BASS]. CLARENCE CANNON during the time I have served as a Mem Mr. BASS of Tennessee. Mr. Speak ber of this House, but even before that I er, with the recent passing of a former Mr. JONES of Missouri. Mr. Speaker, was aware of the popularity he has so Member of the House, the Honorable I ask unanimous consent to address the richly deserved over a long period of William Wirt Courtney, Sr., Tennessee House for 1 minute, and to revise and years. For instance, back in 1932, when and the Nation have lost a great soldier, extend my remarks. the members of the Missouri delegation statesman, and friend. The SPEAKER. Is there objection were forced to run· "at large," he led in Mr. Courtney served with distinction to the request of the gentleman from the largest number of counties in the in this body for 10 years, and represented Missouri? State and received the highest number of the district which I now have the priv There was no objection. votes cast for any congressional candi ilege of representing. He will long be Mr. JONES of Missouri. Mr. Speaker, date on any ticket, outside of St. Louis. remembered as an orator with a remark I would like to take this opportunity of This popularity has never waned, and in able career in both law and politics. recognizing the birthday of one of our each election since, even when he had I had the privilege of having not only colleagues, who has spent more than a token opposition, he always led the the acquaintance but the friendship of half century in the service of his coun ticket in the many counties of the Ninth Wirt Courtney, and was doubly blessed try in the House of Representatives. District. Such popularity must be, and in this regard. To that end, his death While all of this time has not been as a is, deserved. is a distinct personal loss. Member of this body, he has been a Rep I know, Mr. Speaker, that I am joined Wirt Courtney was born in Franklin, resentative in Congress from the State of by all of my colleagues when I extend Tenn., the son of Wirt and Anne Neely Missouri for more than 38 years, during felicitations to Mr. CANNON on this day Courtney. He received his preparatory which time he has- not only established of his birth, and wish for him and his education at Battle Ground Academy in precedents in this House, but is the au wonderful helpmate "Miss Ida," niany, Franklin. He attended the college of thor of a volume on precedents in the many more years of happiness as they arts and sciences at Vanderbilt Univer House of Representatives. continue to serve the people of our great sity in Nashville and was graduated from Some of the newer and younger Mem State of Missouri and this Nation. the law school in 1911. He was wounded bers of the House may not be familiar Mr. MAHON. Mr. Speaker, I wish to during World War I, while serving in with the record and accomplishments join the gentleman from Missouri [Mr. France as a lieutenant in the 117th In of this distinguished Member, who by JONES] in felicitations to Mr. CANNON ori fantry, 30th Division. After the war, nature is modest and reticent, as fndi this his 82d birthday. · Inasmuch as I he studied international law at the Sor cated by the slightly more than two lines have served for many years on the Ap bonne in Paris. He returned to Frank of his biography which appear in -the propriations Committee under the lin in 1919 and practiced law until 1932 current issue of the Congressional chairmanship of Mr. CANNON, I have when he was appointed adjutant gen- Directory. had a special opportunity to know in an 1961 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 5539 intimate way of his distinguished serv tone and with different infiection than countries of Africa ow· congratulations ice to the Nation. many of us use them in our various com and assures them of our continued good The gentleman from Missouri [Mr. mittee rooms, and as I hear him so ad will. CANNON] is one of the most remarkable dressed, it sounds like there is an atti The House some weeks ago adopted men I have ever known. The breadth tude of real regard, a genuine attitude a somewhat similar resolution recogniz of his interest in public matters is tre of respect, by all who know him. ing April14 as Pan American Day. Pan mendous. He is an indefatigable student For my part, I shall never forget the American Day has annually been ob of public affairs. His insight and judg kindness of Mr. CANNON when he ushered served in this body, and such observance ment have served him well in his public me into the well of the House on Mon has served a useful purpose in cementing career. The sharpness of his intellect day, the 9th of March 1959, to be sworn ever closer the ties of hemispheric soli and his sense of humor serve him well in for an unexpired term. As I look darity. On April14 of this year, as has in his capacity as chairman of the 50- back upon those first few days in the been the custom in the past, time will be member House Committee on Appro Congress, I now realize that this very alloted to members of the Subcommittee priations. He is always the master of distinguished Member had many more on Inter-American Affairs and other every situation which arises. important things to do but he was never Members of the House to make such re Congratulations, Mr. Chairman, and too busy to lend a hand to the new marks as in their judgment will stress many happy returns of the day. freshman from Missouri. He arranged the affection that the peoples of the Mr. TABER. Mr. Speaker, I wish to for me to meet the Speaker and discuss United States have for the peoples of pay tribute and to congratulate the committee assignments. During the the Republics to the south and of our Honorable CLARENCE CANNON for attain ensuing days of the 86th Congress I be continuing interest in them and for ever ing his 82d birthday. Mr. CANNON first came well acquainted with our chairman broadening horizons of peace, prosperity, came to Washington about 1915, and and with the passing of each week, I and human welfare and contentment. attained the position of Parliamentarian became more aware of his ability, his The American people have a deep in ir. the Congress and served in that integrity, and his great stature among terest in the people of Africa and for capacity several years before he was his colleagues in the House. all the new emerging nations of Africa. elected to the Congress in 1922. At the He is now serving his 20th term. He It is·our hope and our prayer that every present time, only three are left in the has proved year after year that he is success will attend them in their struggle House who were elected at that same truly a statesman. Whatever else may to prove that in the continent of Africa time; Mr: CANNON, the Honorable EM be said to describe this great man, he is government of, for, and by the people MANUEL CELLER, and myself. a thorough gentleman. We in his dele will triumph as it has done in our own He has attained a very considerable gation are all proud that he is from our United States. It is natural that the position in the House where for about home State of Missouri. Happy birth United States, the first of the countries 15 years he has been the chairman of day, Mr. Chairman. to break from and to be born of colonial the Committee on Appropriations, and ism, should have a deep and an abiding it is fitting that we should pay tribute interest in the new nations of Africa, to him at this time. AFRICAN FREEDOM DAY the latest to come from colonialism to Mr. !CHORD of Missouri. Mr. Speak Mr. O'HARA of Illinois. Mr. Speaker, national sovereignty. er, today is the birthday anniversary of on behalf of the Committee on Foreign I hope that House Resolution 232 will one of the outstanding Members of the Affairs, I offer a resolution Finally, let me. e~press my_ profound con dispensaries, and the medical support to THE VICTORY OF BATAAN viction that competition is neither incom ships at sea and the Marine Corps. His The SPEAKER. Under previous order patible with nor a limitation upon efficiency. responsibilities included, in addition, the Indeed, competition is likely t~ be the of the House, the gentleman from Cali stimulus which ·engenders efficiency. It is vast industrial medical program which fornia [Mr, GEORGE P. MILLER] is recog significant that the greatest industrial and the Navy sponsors in its industrial es nized for 5 minutes. economic development has taken place in tablishments. Approximately 45,000 Mr. GEORGE P. MILLER. Mr. those countries which have had the greatest personnel-military and civilian-came Speaker, Sunday, April 9, was the anni degree of economic freedom and competl,tion. under his medical jurisdiction. versary of a bleak day in American Although there is not the time to offer the Admiral Hogan has been honored both history. On that day in 1942, 19 years evidence now, I believe that an analysis of by our Government and foreign govern ago, we were shocked and numbed by history suggests that the antitrust laws have ments. Among his numerous war dec not only permitted but have substantially the fall of Bataan. We were engulfed contributed to the tremendous economic and orations are the Silver Star Medal "for in the dark, dismal cloud of defeat, but political development of the United States. conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity" we were not alone. A loyal and devoted However, we must now bear in mind that the as senior medical officer aboard the car ally stood by us in our time of trouble. future is not foreordained; and that it will rier U.S.S. Wasp when she was tor Not only were the Philippine Govern be determined not by our past history but pedoed by a Japanese submarine in 1942, ment, the Philippine Army, and the by our present character and future conduct. and the Navy and Marine Corps Medal Philippine people devoted to the ideals The great issue of this age is whether this "for outstanding heroism-unfailing of democracy that they had learned Nation, or any nation, can achieve full loyalty, exceptional skill, and outstand economic development, the satisfaction of from us, but they stood by us. Out of all material needs, and the provision of ade ing devotion to duty" while tending the this defeat came a loyalty, bonded by quate economic opportunities for all, togeth wounded aboard the U.S.S. Duncan in the blood of our common heroes, that has er with political and civil liberty. We be- the same year. existed and will exist for time im . lieve that these goals are compatible, and His overall achievement is best sum memorial. that the method by which they will be marized in the citation accompanying His Excellency, Gen. Carlos Romulo, achieved is by observance of the principles the presentation of the Distinguished a former Commissioner of the Philip embodied in the antitrust laws. The dif Service Medal upon his retirement a few fusion of economic power and the freedom pines in this House, has set this forth in which engenders competition are expressions weeks ago: an article far better than any of us could in the economic realm of the basic faith of Among his many accomplishments, he do, and reads as follows: our culture that the individual human spirit initiated significant changes which doubled THE VICTORY OF BATAAN represents the highest social value. Thus, the size and scope of the Navy internship and (By Gen. Carlos P. Romulo, Philippine Am we in the Antitrust Division are and wlll be residency training program and raised the bassador to the United States) dedicated to the faith that liberty, equality, standards of training to a par with any in and prosperity are consistent social objec the United States, resulting in new plateaus Sunday, April 9, is the 19th anniversary tives. We are and wlll be devoted to the of respect and rapport for navy medicine of the fall of Bataan. To commemorate the effort to achieve these goals by a vigorous among civilian doctors in the United States event, the Board of Commissioners of the and uncompromising enforcement of the and throughout the world. The increased District of Columbia decided to name two laws prescribing competition as our basic residency training opportunities, as well as streets near the Philippine Chancery, Ba.taan economic condition that we may protect and improvements in morale, directly attribut and Corregidor. At the official naming cere preserve economic freedom in this country. able to Rear Admiral Hogan's outstanding mony which w111 take place at 3:80 in the leadership, ability, and astuteness, have re afternoon, Secretary of State Dean Rusk will sulted in a reduction of approximately 50 deliver the main address. · ADM. BARTHOLOMEW W. HOGAN, percent in the annual turnover of navy That Bataan an!i Corregidor should thus doctors. Under his skillful direction, scope be remembered in the Capital City of the SURGEON GENERAL OF THE U.S. of medical research has been broadened in United States recalls the inner meaning of NAVY all areas. His devoted and determined ef the blood brotherhood between the Ameri can people and the Filipino people that was The SPEAKER. Under previous or forts have brought lasting improvements in all navy services in the field of patient sealed on that little peninsula and on that der of the House, the gentleman from care and have resulted in reduced length of little rock whose names are enshrined in the Massachusetts [Mr. McCoRMACK] is rec patient stay in navy hospitals. • • • His histories of both our countries. ognized for 5 minutes. distinguished achievements reflect the high Bataan fell but its fall was really a victory. Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, a est credit upon himself and the U.S. naval It was the victory of the human spirit. It few weeks ago, a distinguished American service. was such a victory because it was a strange and wonderful symbol of what the 20th cen brought to a close 36 years of outstand Admiral Hogan's outstanding profes· tury could mean to the human race. Ever ing service to his country. It is with re sional achievement has been matched since those terrible days of 1942 we have gret that I note the retirement of Adm. by his personal loyalty and devotion to been aware of this symbolism. It does no Bartholomew W. Hogan, Surgeon Gen the Navy and his deep concern for the harm to repeat it now-because, like all eral of the Navy, but it is with much thousands of men under his charge. He great verities, it seems to acquire new truth pride that I recall here today the char felt himself bound to these men "in a each time it is repeated. acter of this man, the quality of his per We recall the victory of Bataan: the dem close community of effort, for a grand onstration to the whole world that people of formance, ·and the honor he has brought and ennobling cause." The esprit which different races, different origins, different to the U.S. naval service. characterized his service is perhaps best backgrounds, have a common cause in lib Admiral Hogan's career with the Navy characterized, again, in his own words: erty. That the old and despicable balance began in 1925 when he entered the Medi "No one," he declared upon the occasion of mastery and slavery, of colonial power cal Corps directly from the Tufts Col of his retirement, "can be part of the and subject nation, can be wiped out in a lege Medical School, which awarded him Navy and be immune to the traditions of spirit of mutual trust and respect. That the the Phi Lambda Kappa Medal for high the past, the vitality of the present, the men of the West and the men of the East est achievement as a medical student. can face a common foe in absolute and un brightness of the future. No one can questioned equality. Serving with distinction in the fields of be of the Navy and not grow mentally, That was the victory of Bataan. It sealed internal medicine and psychiatry, Ad physically, and spiritually. To the Navy the bond of friendship between Filipinos and miral Hogan rose to the post of com I owe a debt of thanks." Americans-a bond already established manding omcer of the Naval Medical Admiral Hogan is the author of nu through the long years that "led up, before School and the 1,200-bed Naval Hospital merous professional papers and an of the great war came, to the guarantee of na in Bethesda, Md., in 1950-53. In 1952 tional independence. As the long shadows ficer in many medical associations. He · of military defeat fell over those Filipino he achieved the rank of rear admiral, is an associate professor of psychiatry and American warriors in the tropical night and in 1955 he reached the summit of his at Georgetown University School of in Bataan, the victory of the free spirit hov professional career in his appointment Medicine, Washington, D.C., and has re ered overhead. It foretold the irreversible as Surgeon General and Chief, Bureau . ceived honorary degrees from several march of nationalism in Asia and Africa, of Medicine and Surgery, by President universities. It is a great pleasure and the massive and exciting roster of nations that would quickly win their freedom in the Eisenhower. In this capacity, Admiral honor to pay tribute to so distinguished years to follow-India, Pakistan, Burma, Hogan was responsible for the adminis a citizen and to wish him and his loved Ceylon, Indonesia, and all the others. tration of 23 continental and 3 oversea ones many rewarding and happy years The victory of Bataan showed the way. naval hospitals, 29 station hospitals, 178 ahead. It was important in time of war. It is even 5562 (:ONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE April 11 more important now. . For we can now place We have many other legislative pro eliminated or they hurt e-yeryone with a the troubled problems of relationships be posals for the expenditure of tax dol stake in this tqw~-that is, if you consic;ler tween nations against the background of lars. First one group, then another wives, children, homes, and jobs to constitute the lesson we taught . ourselves on Bata.an. a stake. Toc;tay we are faced with a new menace. induces us to dip into the Federal treas Stop right here and ·think for a minute. We are really still fighting the battle that ury, which can get additional dollars Whether you work on an assembly line or we fought on Bataan. It is a new threat, only from the taxpayers. in an office, whether you are a schoolteacher this menace of imperialistic communism. We are told we must provide jobs for or a lathe operator, whether you belong to We see it in Laos, in South Vietnam, in the unemployed. Some folks are un the chamber of commerce or the UAW, stop Berlin, in the Congo, even in the august employed because they walk off available and ask this question of yourself: halls of the United Nations. And under the If you were an industrial executive plan leadership of President Carlos P. Garcia, we jobs. Here is a news item from the ling an expansion of your operation, would are meeting it in the Phi11ppines with the South Bend Tribune which I will read: you buy or build a plant in South Bend? same determination and the same courage WELDERS END WALKOUT AT OLIVER PLANT Would you? that we showed in Bataan 19 years ago. Welders in the Oliver Corp.'s South Bend Every sign or unrest or unwillingness to Asia and Africa are afire with nationalism. plant remained on their jobs today as a cooperate-to work together rather than in This powerful force, which in a different in union-management conference continued opposition to each other-makes it more dif carnation gave Europe its bloodiest centuries into its second day on union charges of a ficult for new industrial prospects to answer and its most magnificent civilization, can welding department speedup. that question in the affirmative. now do the same, one or the other, in the The welders walked off their jobs Monday, What is worse, it discourages expansion in rich and vast continents peopled by human Tuesday, and Wednesday in an unauthorized those industries already with us. It can help beings in the millions. American survival work stoppage as a result of what the workers drive them away. Some have left. Others and that of freedom itself depends on the said was a company change in a policy for can. · capacity of the people of the United States rotating workers on new welding equipment. The alternative is everyone getting to to recognize what is happening in the world; The issue was related to the charges of a gether and staying together, using common and, having recognized the nature of the up department work speedup, brought by Local sense as the rule in our relations with each heaval, on the ability of American leader 1095, United Auto Workers. other. Maybe this way we could rack up one ship to act with wisdom and imagination. The company and the union said they grand year without an unauthorized stop To us in the Philippines and to you here, hoped both issues would be discussed in page. Bataan is a symbol of the bond between us. the talks, which are scheduled to run for 4 As it is now, every stoppage is another nail Bataan is of the past; but the bond lives, days and which could lead to a general strike in our collective coffin. and must never be shaken. And today we at the Oliver plant. look to America for more than maintenance Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Mr. of that bond. It may be a natural human And here is an editorial which may be Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to impulse to pay closest attention to those of some interest to those who are advo revise and extend my remarks and to who waver than to those who are trusted; cating relief for distressed areas. Permit include extraneous matter. to give greater help to the uncertain, the me to read: The SPEAKER. Is there objection uncommitted, than to the committed, to to the request of the gentleman from take stanch allies for granted. But it may BUILDING OUR COFFIN be good to remember that this impulse, Any South Bend citizen who reads this Michigan? however human, does not always coincide newspaper is aware of a dreadful irony in There was no objection. With the realities of world affairs. Bataan the current news-the most important news should always stand as a reminder of the to us, our own local news. continuing mutuality of Phllippine-Amerl While men stand on line for food handouts BRONZE PLAQUES IN GOVERNMENT can friendship. and unemployment pay to feed their chil BUILDINGS so today, in 1961, we Filipinos and Ameri dren, while they pray for the opportunity to Mr. MILLIKEN. Mr. Speaker, I ask cans recall the symbolism of Bataan-the earn their own way at decent wages, other spiritual victory that makes the m111tary de men walk off paying jobs in violation of all unanimous consent that the gentleman feat look puny-and in the remembrance of accepted labor grievance procedures. With from Iowa [Mr. KYL] may extend his that great moment in our common history not nearly enough work to go around, we remarks at this point in the RECORD. we have the right to stand side by side seem bent on killing what jobs there are. The SPEAKER. Is there objection through all the years to come, certain of the Apparently man, like the lemming, has a to the request of the gentleman from rightness of our cause and the timelessness perverse urge to self-destruction. Unike the Pennsylvania? ot our friendship. lemming, though, we can think. It is time There was no objection. we all started thinking. The current dispute at the Oliver plant, Mr. KYL. Mr. Speaker, there is an JOBS- UNEMPLOYMENT COMPEN which involved unauthorized work stoppages easy solution to the apparently perplex SATION-LABOR LEGISLATION earlier in the week, is an example of one of ing problem of "Whose name shall ap our troubles. Though protected by a strong pear on the bronze plaques in Govern The SPEAKER. Under previous or labor union with a strong contract clearly ment buildings." The solution is also der of the House, the gentleman from setting up grievance procedures, men chose economical, completely nonpolitical, and Michigan [Mr. HoFFMAN] is recognized to leave their jobs rather than use those it gives greatest credit to those who make procedures. for 5 minutes. The latest word is that they are back on the greatest contribution. Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Mr. the job at Oliver's. That is fine. It is a May we suggest that henceforth, such Speaker, we are talking and have been small victory for sanity. But before some plaques shall universally bear the simple talking about unemployment in dis one else walks off some other job because inscription, "Dedicated to the U.S. Gov tressed areas. I will put in the RECORD he's sore (even justifiably sore) , let's con ernment by the present and future tax now a little information and tell you sider a few things. payers of this great Nation." why we have unemployment. South Bend isn't the only town in the In October of 1932, FDR told us that, United States with surplus workers. It isn't the only town in the country trying to bring EXTENSION OF REMARKS rich and powerful as we were, we could in new industries and new jobs. To the rest not safely continue to spend more than of the country South Bend is expendable. Mr. GIAIMO. Mr. Speaker, I ask our income; yet, today, that is just what It isn't expendable to us, of course. That unanimous consent that all Members we are doing. The interest on our na is why South Bend representatives are on may have 5 legislative days in which to tional debt-money which we borrowed the road now, trying to interest ac;lditional extend their remarks in the RECORD on and spent-is now $17,000 a minute-so industries in the advantages of our com munity. They can point to empty factory S. 278, just passed by the House. the press tells us. Nevertheless, the buildings available for immediate use. They The SPEAKER. Is there objection to House passed a bill to extend the cover can point to our new industrial park, avail the request of the gentleman from Con age and increase the amount of the able for immediate construction. They can necticut? minimum wage. point to our jobless men, available for im There was no objection. We increased unemployment compen mediate work. Mr. JONES of Missouri. Mr. Speak sation. But what can they say about unauthorized work stoppages? Not much. There is not er, I ask unanimous consent that all We have a distressed areas bill where much they.can do to erase these black marks Members who so desire may have 5 leg money collected from all of us will be from our community picture. For employee . islative days in which to extend their used to create jobs in distressed areas unrest, work stoppages, and a refusal to work ·remarks following my remarks extend and what area is not distressed-for a together for the common good are signs that ing felicitations to the gentleman from few of us. can't be explained away. They have to be Missouri 1961 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE .5563 The SPEAKER. Is there objection to 788. A letter from the Chairman, Federal of certain real property of the United States; the request of the gentleman from Mis Communications Commission, transmitting to the Committee on Public Works. souri? a draft of a proposed b111 entitled "A b111 to By Mr. JAMES C. DAVIS: amend section 4(b) of the Communications H.R. 6171. A bill to provide that civilian There was no objection. Act of 1934, as amended, with respect to the officers and employees of the United States applicability of the conflict-of-interest pro shall not be required to occupy Government LEAVE OF ABSENCE visions to persons serving in the Federal quarters unless the head of the agency con Communications Commission unit of the cerned makes certain determinations; to the By unanimous consent, leave of ab National Defense Executive Reserve"; to the Committee on Post Office and Civil Service. sence was granted to Mr. SILER H.R. 6216. A bill !or the relief of Theodore By Mr. HARVEY o! Michigan: By Mr. PELLY: T. ReHmann; to the Committee on the Judi H.R. 6224. A blll for the relief of Miss H.R. 6283. A blll for the relief of Woo ciary. Elsie Robey; to the Committee on the Judi Chuck Ming (also known as Marcus Louie By Mr. DANIELS: ciary. and Chung Bing Louie); to the Committee H.R. 6217. A bill !or the relief o! Mrs. Blmo By Mr. LANE: on the Judiciary: H. Condell; to the Committee on the Judi H.R. 6225. A blll for the relief o! Elias By Mr. POAGE: ciary. Brailas; to the Committee on the JudlclapY. H.R. 6234. A bill for the relief of Herculano By Mr. DENT: H.:R. 6226. A bill for the relief o! Arlin C. Mangente; to the Committee on the H ~ R. 6218. A bill for the relief o! Esmar David English; to the Committee on the Judiciary. alda Das; to the Committee on the Judi Judiciary. H.R. 6235. A bill for the relief of Ireneo S. ciary. By Mr. LESINSKI: Mayo; to the Committee on the Judiciary. By Mr. DOOLEY: H.R. 6227. A bill for the relief of Agripina By Mr. SANTANGELO: H.R. 6219. A bill to permit the vessel Bar Tan Siao; to the Committee on the Judiciary. H.R. 6236. A bill for the relief of Mr. Simon Bo IV to be used in the coastwise trade; to By Mr. McDONOUGH: Braude; to the Committee on the Judiciary. the Committee on Merchant Marine and H.R. 6228. A bill for the relief of Mel Bow By Mr. SHELLEY: Fisheries. Jung; to the Committee on the Judiciary. H.R. 6237. A bill for the relief of Francesca, By Mr. FASCELL: By Mr. MERROW: Gaetano, Antonino, Francesco, and Rita H.R. 6229. A bill for the relief of Ioannis Balistreri; to the Committee on the Judi H.R. 6220. A bill for the relief of Alpo Stravou Papadopoulos; to the Committee on ciary. Franssila Crane; to the Committee on the the Judiciary. By Mr. SIBAL: Judiciary. By Mr. NYGAARD: H.R. 6238. A bill for the relief of Awad H.R. 6221. A bill !or the relief of Abdul H.R. 6230. A bill for the relief of Mary Mohammed Mahmoud Da'ames; to the Com Wahab Ghazal; to the Committee on the Palanuk; to the Committee on the Judiciary. mittee on the Judiciary. Judiciary. By Mr. O'BRIEN of New York: By Mr. TEAGUE of California: By Mr. HAGAN of Georgia: H.R. 6231. A bill for the relief of Dr. Naut H.R. 6239. A bill for the relief of Sp4 H.R. 6222. A bill for the relief of Alexan tam J. Kothari; to the Committee on the Federico M. Periquet, U.S. Army; to the der Stachtiaris; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Committee on the Judiciary. Judiciary. By Mr. O'NEILL: By Mr. TOLLEFSON: H.R. 6223. A bill for the relief of Nicolasa H.R. 6232. A bill for the relief of Eduardo H.R. 6240. A bill for the relief of Andrew Martin-Ballestaros; to the Committee on Joaquim Fontes; to 11he Committee on the J. Metcalf; to the Committee on the Judi the Judiciary. Judiciary. ciary. EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS American Bourbon Whisky tion. During his visits to European nations The editorial properly underscores, in requests for bourbon will be answered my opinion, some skepticism as to just through service of the same whisky he con EXTENSION OF REMARKS what real benefits will accrue to human sumes at home. ity from the exploration of outer space, OF As a Representative of the State of Ken tucky, which has given this product to the save perhaps the satisfying of our curi HON. JOHN C. WATTS world, I note that the official body of the osity. But the real issue raised by the OF KENTUCKY great wine and spirit houses of Europe has editorial centers in, Just what do we plan IN THE HOUSE 0F REPRESENTATIVES given bourbon whisky the same recognition to do with all of the time we will have accorded to the Scotch whisky o! the United saved when it becomes possible to span Tuesday, April 11, 1961 Kingdom. the continent in an hour and a quarter Mr. WATTS. Mr. Speaker, under I should like to commend the Bourbon or perhaps circumnavigate the globe in leave extend my remarks, I wish to Institute and its president, Vice Adm. Wil half a day? to liam J. Marshall, U.S. Navy (retired), a native bring to the attention of the House the of Henderson, Ky., for taking the lead in We are told that aerial transportation following article: establishing this international protection for has shrunk the world to half its original At a time when few international meetings American distillers. As the representative size and all I can do is to plaintively ask, result in accord and agreement, I should member from the United States, the Bourbon "And in what way has that benefited like to bring to your attention an occasion Institute is the spokesman for the American humanity or improved international re when representatives of Old World nations distilling industry in the Federation Inter lations?" As a matter of fact the closer paid their respects to a tradition of the New. nationale. we come in hours to our global neighbors At the annual meeting of the Federation By proposing the resolution and pressing Intemationale des Vins et Splriteux in Paris, tor its adoption, the Bourbon Institute the more our friendship worsens, and we this distinguished body of recognized au proved that a responsible presentation of have largely ignored the old axiom that thorities of wines and spirits gave interna evidence can still result in agreement among "strong fences make good neighbors" tional testimonial to a tradition as old as the international trade community. with the result that we are increasingly our country's Constitution-American bour getting into each other's hair. bon whisky. In my opinion we would be a happier In adopting a resolution proposed by the Bourbon Institute, representatives from 14 people if we were all back on the 44-hour European nations granted the "Appelation Time Saved for What? week which is routine for most Con d'Origine" to this historic American spirit. gressmen. And most of my congressional The name "bourbon" can be applied only to EXTENSION OF REMARKS colleagues would be a lot happier and whisky produced in the United States under live a lot longer if their districts were not U.S. Government standards. OF so readily accessible via the airplane. Unfortunately, there have been several HON. PAUL B. DAGUE In the old days of rail travel, which is attempts by toreign concerns to apply the still my favorite mode of transportation, name to certain spirits produced abroad in OJ' PENNSYLVANIA hopes of marketing them here and capitaliz the home folks in the districts remote ing on bourbon's trademark. The agree IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES from Washington did not expect to see ment binds members of the federation to Tuesday, April 11, 1961 their Representative until the Congress assist the Bourbon Institute in protecting Mr. DAGUE. Mr. Speaker, the cap-- had ~journed, whereas now they ex the name of "bourbon," should the institute tion given these remarks has been taken ·pect hun to return for e~ch clambake take legal action against overseas distillers regardless of the fact that 1t means neg who would attempt to thus mislabel their from an e dit0 ria 1 w hich· appeared 1n th e Iecting his strictly legislative duties, to products. Philadelphia Bulletin on April 7, 1961, say nothing of the out-of-pocket cost of The resolution should dissuade any firm and poses a question ••that has always his airplane fare. Instead, from that from attempting to deceive that most abused intrigued me; namely, What use are we standpoint most Congressmen would be figure-the American co~umer. We llve in an era when international travel making of all the leisure time we are doing a better job and saving a bit more and trade restrictions are subjects ot _great supposed to accumulate through a short- out of their annual stipend if the Wright concern. In this instance, however, the ened workweek and the supersonic speeds· brothers on the day that they invented American traveler has been afforded protec- that are now being reached in air travel?" the airplane had simply "stood in bed." 5566 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE April 11 Too much spare time, too much saved While I was contemplating what I was a super accentuation of God, indicating that time, too many opportunities to get into going to say this evening, an interesting the very foundation of our Nation is God. thought crossed my mind. I thought ot So far, I have discussed with you the trouble and spend money we do not have. the name and symbol of our order-the symbol of the eagle. But a symbol is im· Instead of increased speed, instead of eagle. My meditations took me back portant only insofar as it represents some engines with greater thrust, instead of through history, some ancient and some thing. It can speak for an entire philosophy missiles with greater reach, what is quite recent. I began to consider the many of life or government, as well as particulars. needed is increased attention to the brak different meanings which this great bird It is not the physical appearance of the ing system, the development of measures has represented to many people at certain symbol itself which has any merit or value that will slow us down. Life can be periods of r~corded time. for it does not live, does not believe nor act. The eagle was used as an art symbol by What is important, however, is the philos beautiful if we will only take time to the early Assyrians and Egyptians. The Per ophy which lies at the very fundamental look at it. But assuredly we cannot ap sians used the eagle on their ensigns. The cause for its existence. This is a fact which preciate nature or our own capacity for armies of Rome carried the eagle as their we as Americans and Eagles must always brotherly love if we continue to hurtle standard, and so, the legions were known bear in mind. We have used the noble through space at 2,000 miles an hour. by that name. During the Roman Empire, eagle to represent those ideals and goals The article that prompted this out the eagle was used to represent the deifica in which we believe-we have stated our pouring is appended to and made a part tion of the Roman emperors. In ancient purpose quite clearly under this symbol for times, too, the eagle was often considered all to see--but it remains a dead symbol of these remarks and I hope that you as a symbol of the soul's flight after death. unless those who use it translate its philos will agree with me that the writer makes Christianity uses the eagle to represent the ophy into positive action. a lot of sense. evangelist, St. John. In this case it sym Our order, for example, is called "frater The editorial follows: bolizes his wonderful divine vision and nal." The word itself means "brotherly" TIME SAVED FOR WHAT? spiritual flights. In the days of chivalry and that we are bound together in mutual and knighthood, heraldry employed the eagle respect for one another and for our fellow Scientific curiosity motivates plans to in as a symbol used on coats of armor, shields, men. This forms the basis for the existence vestigate the Moon, Mars and other occu or standards. of our organization. But while we all sub pants of limitless space. But what is the Napoleon Bonaparte used the eagle as a scribe to this lofty ideal, we will be judged, urge behind plans to build a plane that can symbol of his empire and his armies carried nevertheless, only as to how we place it into fly between New York and Los Angeles in 76 it into battle on their uniforms and flags. practice. minutes, with corresponding schedules to The Austrian Empire of the Hapsburgs, and As Americans, we know that we are faced foreign airfields? the German Empire under the Kaisers used with the symbols of a new tyranny-the Red When man ls able to travel at 3% times an eagle with twin heads, which referred star and the hammer and sickle. We know the speed of sound-the objective of plan to their assumption of power both east and exactly what they stand for. But we must ning due for fruition by 197Q-what is he west. In recent times, this noble bird had also remember that millions of human beings going to do with the time saved? Is it come to have even another and more sinis are dedicated to the advancement of the really so desirable--for other than military ter meaning. The Nazis adopted the eagle, philosophy and way of life they represent. All objectives-to knit the world's centers of clutching a swastika in its claws, as the over the world, in every field of human en population still closer together? Recent national emblem for Germany. Mussolini deavor and activity, they are putting their years have disappointed many hopes that too, hoping to imitate the ancient Caesars corrupt beliefs into action. They are will closer contact would bring greater under in his dream for empire, had the eagle hold ing to make any sacrifice, even death, to standing. ing fasces in its talons. achieve their objective of world domination. We are no better off in our relations with But throughout the years in which man They will not cease in their efforts until the other countries than we were when, by the has often seen the eagle stand for alien hammer and sickle have replaced the cross, clock, they were much more distant. To ideologies, we have also had our proud the star of David, and our bald eagle as the point this out is not to decry the merits and American eagle-a symbol of hope and not universal symbol to be worshiped and to gains of present-day air travel. But is there despair-a representation of freedom not op represent the sole hope and aspiration for all to be no limit? pression-the manifestation of right rather mankind. If time saved were sure to be put to pro than might. Indeed, for us and for free- True, you might say, but then ask the ductive uses we could justify our yearning men everywhere, the eagle is a noble bird question about the many millions more for for speed, speed, and more speed. But will and not one which means hate, fear, or whom this symbol of communism represents it be? What does the officeworker-com tyranny. terror and slavery-what about those poor muter do with the few seconds saved by If I may, I would like to give you a brief helpless people? How can their example, standing up in the aisle of his suburban car account about our adoption of the eagle strong and powerful that it is, still not deter long before it reaches the station, so as to be which is the central figure of the Great Seal others from accepting the doctrines of the among the first off the train? Do we not of the United States. Reds? Because, there are still those who save time largely to waste it? The Founding Fathers, feeling that the have faith in the perverted ideals of com new Nation needed a symbol to express its munism. Despite this inhumanity, for all sovereignty, adopted a resolution providing to see, these apostles and disciples are will "that Dr. Franklin, Mr. John Adams, and ing to give of themselves totally to its wor~ Symbolism and the Eagle Mr. Thomas Jefferson be a committee to ship and practice. It is this dedicated mass bring in a device for a seal for the United of people, burning with the fervor of faith, States of America." Six years were to pass carrying their symbol and their bibles by EXTENSION OF REMARKS and two more committees were to work on Marx and Lenin who are presenting to we, OF the job, however, before the Congress, on who live under the noble eagle, the serious June 20, 1782, approved the design of the and great challenge. HON. SILVIO 0. CONTE Great Seal. The lessons which we can draw should OF MASSACHUSETTS As you know, for the central figure of the be quite clear-we must not only match IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES seal, the designers chose a bird. Not just a their devotion and their willingness for ac bird, but the American bald eagle-the tion, but we must surpass them. There are Tuesday, April 11, 1961 mightiest of birds, a high-flying bird that millions of humans, some free and others overcomes all obstacles for its young or dies in bondage, who look toward our American Mr. CONTE. Mr. Speaker, under in the effort. eagle as the symbol for their hopes on earth. leave to extend my remarks in the REc As I mentioned, throughout history, the As members of this great fraternal order, ORD, I include the following speech given eagle has been used to denote strength and we already know the true meaning of broth before the Fraternal Order of Eagles in power. Since the hopes and aims that the erhood. We are conscious of the noble ideals North Adams, Mass., Saturday, April 8, men who planned the Great Seal had for which are the objectives and which afford 1961, praising the Eagles and giving the our Nation have been borne out, they could us guidance. In other words, by belonging not have chosen a more apt bird to express to this organization, we have the great foun historical origin and the symbolic im- the ideals of this country. We soar high in dation from which we can spring into action. portance of the eagle: · ambitions and intentions, and our history We are, in this respect, very fortunate ln- It gives me great pleasure to be here this has shown that we fight not so much for . deed. evening. It is always a particular source ourselves as for the rights and freedoms of Having such a firm basis, assisted by our of gratification, and an honor, for me to others. belonging, we are better able to understand address a group of those with whom I share Another interesting fact you might not our responsibilities and to appreciate the common ideals. In this case as a brother know. In the eagle's tail the designers placed rights and privileges which our way of life Eagle. Therefore, you will appreciate that nine feathers, not because this is the actual guarantees. Therefore, to counteract the I am going to speak in a fraternal manner, number of feathers in an eagle's tail, but evil force pitted against us and dedicated because we understand and believe in the because of the meaning of the number nine. · to our destruction, we must first practice great ideals and noble goals of this organi- Nine is the square of thre~, the Trinity of our high ideals among ourselves and our zation. · the Christian God. Nine would thus indicate fellow men. And, second, we must always 1961 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 5537 keep 1n mind that our actions must be Members of the Future Homemakers below the belt. He insulted millions related directly to our faith. By so doing, . of America through their chapter and of Americans of Italian descent by in we shan·have strengthened our position from individual activities work toward four within our minds and hearts, and we shall . . . . : . sinuating that ·President Kennedy has have also dealt apathy and indifference, our ObJeCtives: To develop potential ab.1ht1es; not appointed any Italians to high public own worst enemies, a crushing blow. · to <;Ievelop a better understa.J:>:dmg of office because Italians are controlled by Then, without any fear of failure whatso~ family members and to contrrbute to or linked with "the Big M," presumably ever, we can present a solid wall of power their well-being; to interpret the value meaning the Mafia. which no enemy can breach. At the same of home economics as a basic part of I have this day sent a letter to Mr. time, we shall have carried our symbol for- total education; and to promote good Winchell demanding an apology and a ward, in progress and action, to hold its will through getting to know neighbors retraction for his insult against a whole virtues before all men. at home and abroad. It can readily be people. If he has any decency left in If we belong to the Fraternal Order of . Eagles keeping this in mind and if our or- seen that concentratiOn on these four him and an appreciation of the feelings ganlzation fulfills this need' as it certainly objectives will ultimately bring the girl of other people, whom he has caused un does, then availlng ourselves of its sources for to the maturity required of a successful told harm, he should publicly recant for guidance and strength, we can contribute wife and mother. his misdeeds in this instance. them to our national life-in our community The young woman's innate abilities Mr. Speaker, I am inserting into the and State-bringing new vigor and power of and talents must be recognized, encour RECORD the text of my letter to Mr. conviction. Thus, we shall be performing aged and developed so that she will be Winchell sa that my colleagues in both our duty to our great Nation and shoulder- ' .· . ing our share of the responsibilities. Being abl~ to co~tiibute the full poteJ?-tial of Houses of Congress may read it. In true members of this order is synonymous Which s~e lS capable to her familY and order that I may not be accused-of quot with being good American citizens. By doing commumty. ing out of context, I want to quote here all these things, men the world over wlll By learning early in life to be aware of exactly what Mr. Winchell wrote in his have cause for continued hope and faith others and their problems will enable the column: that they, too, may someday enjoy the same future homemaker to care for her !am Insiden; say the reason Kennedy hasn't freedoms and way of life, which is our good ily with an understanding and intelli- made an Italian appointment is not his fortune to have as members of the Eagles . . fault. More than 100 names, prominent · living under the bald eagle gence she might otherwise lack. Demos, were submitted. But always lurk · Certainly the value of a thorough ing in the background "is the Big M con knowledge of home economics as a basic trol or link." Characters right out of "The part of total education has been well Untouchables." Future Homemakers of America Look established as evidenced by the many courses offered in this subject at our col I invite my colleagues to comment Toward New Horizons leges and universities. No longer is the either on Mr Winchell's statement cited modern wife and mother considered above or on my letter to him. They EXTENSION OF REMARKS simply a household drudge concerned may do so on the floor of their respective OF only with the traditional duties of home Chambers, through the pages of the making such as marketing, cooking, RECORD, or via direct mail to me. In HON. WILLIAM H. NATCHER cleaning, and child raising. The Ameri cidentally, I am sending copies of my OF KENTUCKY can housewife is now expected to be an letter to President Kennedy and At IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES accomplished hostess, chauffeur, nutri torney General Robert F. Kennedy. The full text of my letter to Mr. Tuesday, April 11, 1961 tionist, educator, psychologist, practical nurse, and efficiency and budget expert. Winchell is as follows: Mr. NATCHER. Mr. Speaker, the pe While all these skills are important to Mr. WALTER WINCHELL, riod of April 9 through 15 has been set the smooth functioning of the modern Daily Mirror, aside this year as National Future home, the most essential quality of a New York, N.Y. Homemakers of America Week, and it DEAR MR. WINCHELL: I was shocked to successful homemaker is the ability to read your column of April 3 in the New gives me a great deal of pleasure at bring love, harmony, and a knowledge 500,000 York Daily Mirror, in which you bluntly state this time to commend the over of God to the family unit. that it has been impossible for President members of this fine organization. They In order to promote better understand Kennedy to make "an Italian appointment" fully deserve our recognition for the out ing with young people of other nations, because "always lurking in the background standing job they are doing in preparing FHA'ers read books, entertain foreign is the Big M control or link. Characters themselves for the vital role they will visitors, hear guest speakers and ex right out of 'The Untouchables.'" have in the future of this Nation. I don't believe that you personally wrote change letters with youth overseas. In this article, since I have always thought of The Future Homemakers of America, addition, they make contributions to which is a national organization for high you as being tolerant of all minorities. The other nations directly and through other article, however, is published as yours a:nd school students studying homemaking, agencies which give material and tech you must take the responsibility. You refer was organized in June 1945 and now has nical aid. to Italians in a slurring manner as though 10,000 chapters throughout the United Mr. Speaker, the members of this na the name "Italian" is supposed to be some States,. Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Is tional youth organization deserve our thing evil. By the use of the "Big M," you lands. Cosponsors for the organization commendation for preparing themselves brand all Italians as members of the Mafia. are the Home Econmnics Branch of the And by saying that the hundred names sub to be better citizens of tomorrow, and mitted to President Kennedy were all "char U.S. Office of Education and the Ameri not only do the Future Homemakers of acters right out of 'The Untouchables'," can Home Economics Association. The America look "toward new horizons," but you not only implied, but openly went on Commonwealth of Kentucky was the they "face the future with warm courage record as saying that there wasn't an !tala first State to charter the Future Home American qualified to hold public office in makers of America, and in the Second and high hope." this country. Congressional District of Kentucky, I have never been one to appeal to racial which I have the honor to represent, and national prejudices. I have always members of local chapters of the FHA spoken as an American and I have not hesi Winchell Should Apologize and Retract tated to criticize members o! my own na are extremely active and well organized. tional origin whenever they have appealed to Their participation in civic projects, Insult to Italian-Americans Italian audiences on strictly national lines. their willingness to be of assistance at Although I was not born 1n the United all times, the skills they have acquired EXTENSION OF REMARKS States, I have always been proud of the through FHA activities, and their sense OF opportunities which this country has af of good citizenship make them highly forded to me and to millions of others of valuable members of their community. HON. VICTOR L. ANFUSO Italian ancestry. I have been 1n the fore front of various movements to aid minority These young women are ably assisted in OJ' NEW YORK groups to better their lot in this country. their endeavors by their home economics IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Need I tell you that without minority groups teachers and other interested women Tuesday, April 11, 1961 there would be no America today? Need who appreciate and understand the im I also remind you of the tremendous con portance of training these girls in the Mr. ANFUSO. Mr. Speaker, in his tributions made by Italo-A:mericans in all art of homemaking. eolumn of April 3 Walter Winchell struck walks of life? Our history books are replete 5568 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE April 11 with such contributions, from Columbus of the Committee on Education and Labor, When new mechanical or electronic de down to our own times, which are too nu of which Congressman HoLLAND is a mem vices are ' installed, assti.rances are given merous to mention here. be4.) workers in many industries that they will To be as blunt as you have been, I want As someone so aptly stated it just re not be hurt or fired. However, when they to say that by your article you have in cently-"the only growth that can be noticed leave-due to retirement or resignation-no sulted every American of Italian descent in America in the recent months, is the ever one is hired to .replace them. including prominent legislators, the Gov increasing list of unemployed." It seems that one of the greatest problems ernors of four great States, many mayors, Our latest unofficial figures estimate ap with automation is not the worker who is judges, and others, all of whom are uphold· proximately 6 million people out of work, fired, but the worker who is not hired. ing the dignity of America. and many more if we count workers on part Automation is already here in- Furthermore, you have insulted the intel time and those in jobs below their capacities. Steel: 250,000 workers today are doing the ligence of our great Chief Executive, Presi We have been informed that during this work of 500,000 of 12 years ago and, last dent Kennedy, who has many friends in decade-from 1960 to 1970--there will be an June, General Electric announced that a Italian circles-and I pride myself in being average of 1lf2 to 2 million graduating from pushbutton steel mill was on its way. one of these-and who has already ap high school each year and in 1965 this num Autos: In a Ford plant in Cleveland, one pointed a number of them to high public ber will jump to about 3 million. Some, of unit does more than 500 different opera office. course, will continue their education, but we tions. Within 1 hour it turns out 100 engine You have conceived the idea, which I know know that over two-thirds of them cannot blocks. is only a minority view, that the power of afford to attend our colleges and universities Coal: 400,000 coal miners of 10 years ago the press is the power to destroy. Many of and will be seeking employment. have been replaced by machinery and now our great writers, editors, and publishers There are already 500,000 fewer full-time 200,000 miners-who work only part time take pride in the contributions of all Ameri jobs in America today than there were 3 years produce sufficient coal. cans. They do not feel as restricted as you ago-and fewer man-hours of work are being Oil: A small group of men run a $40-mil provided in the private sector of the econ lion plant by remote control from a panel do in writing, unless they can resort to omy than there were 8 years ago, although slander or unless they can associate Italians board. tr.. e labor force has increased 5lf2 million Radio: Where 200 men were required to as with the Apalachin raid, the Mafia, and during this period. "The Untouchables." semble 1,000 radios a day, the job can now By 1970 there will be 87 million Americans be done by 2 men. On behalf of all the decent upright Italo willing and able to work and, as President Americans, I demand not only an apology Telephone: At one New York City hotel, Kennedy said during his recent campaign, where automatic phone equipment was in from you but a full retraction in your col this means that we must create almost 30,000 umn. If you wish to treat this matter light stalled, 60 telephone operators lost their new jobs every week for 10 years just to keep jobs. ly, let me advise you that I will sponsor a pace with this growth. Without a sharper congressional investigation of such un Textile: One man- who used to operate rise in jobs, our unemployment problem 4 looms-today operates 30 looms. American activities as these. It may interest could easily become a nightmare. you to know that I have already introduced Sheet-metal work: Today 4,400 workers Fortune magazine, in its January 1961 produce the same amount it took 45,000 to a bill, H.R. 4502, to make it unlawful for issue, notes that "the vital task ahead is one radio and television stations to portray in produce 1n 1939. of job creation, and the vital energizing Stores: Automatic devices take orders and their broadcasts any religious, racial, or na currents here are national-not regional tionality group in a degrading or criminal fill them, read cash register tapes at day's in scope." end, record that which is sold, the money manner. This bill can easily be amended Every effort must be exerted to secure full to cover the situation at hand to expose all taken in, the stock that needs to be re employment and make full use of our talents placed, take paper money and make change. of the destructive influences in our country. and skills if we want to have full production At a time when this country should be Banks: Automatic devices sort checks, and maintain an expanding economy. debits and credits depositors' accounts and more united than ever to combat the foreign In brief, then, Government participation evil of communism, it ill behooves a writer make out monthly statements. and aid are essential if we are to find solu Government: Automatic devices audit 135 such as yourself, by means of a poisonous tions to our unemployment problems, and pen, to cause disunity, confusion, and chaos. million social security accounts, scan in find them we must if we want our way of come tax returns for errors and unusually I sincerely hope that I shall not have to life to continue and our free enterprise resort to any of the things which I have large deductions, aim and fire missiles, track economy to survive. space satellites, play war games to lay out mentioned in this letter in this moment of Since 1953, each peak of the business cycle anger, for which you alone are the cause. new strategies, sort and handle mail, plot has found unemployment a little higher the course of storxns, send out weather maps It would be in the best interests of all con than at the previous peak. With each re cerned for you to print an appropriate re over the Nation. cession, there are more unemployed than in Airlines: Makes reservations, guides planes traction. I want to assure you that what I the previous one and our unemployment is have said above expresses the views of every in blind takeoffs and in landings, keeps widespread among those workers considered accounts. Italo-American in public office. the most employable people in the labor Copies of this letter are being sent to the force • • • experienced, non-casual-workers, Railroads: Controls the movement of President, and to the Attorney General of the between the ages of 25 and 55. trains, schedules freight and keeps accounts United States. As a result of the research done on this for railroads. Sincerely, s1.1bject, I have come to the conclusion that Cities: Turns lights on and off as needed, with electronic eyes that react to darkness, VICTOR L. ANFUSO, we need long-term planning if we do not whether due to nightfall, early twilight, Member of Congress. want to continue periodic recurrences of the present situation. storms or other causes. Automation has entered our lives-and it Manufacturing: Guides, with punched is here to stay. tape, tools that turn out parts for autos, It is already remolding our economy as planes, missiles, and other things at a frac Unemployment and the Impact of well as many of our institutions and whole tion of the former cost; runs, by computer, Automation new concepts and systems of management steel rolling mills, oil refinery systems. are going to have to be initiated if we are to And, here are a few of the miracles of cope with it. tomorrow that are due to come and for which EXTENSION OF REMARKS The second half of the 20th century could we must prepare ourselves: OF through the advance of technology-witness Help, by computer analysis, in the diag the creation of an economic paradise on nosis of illness. HON. ELMER J. HOLLAND earth, or, if not handled correctly, we could Provide pushbutton telephone service that OF PENNSYLVANIA see the violent end to all civilization because will include home extensions for intercom IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of it. systems. With rational planning for a balanced eco Operate a, pushbutton steel plant that will Tuesday, April 11, 1961 nomic and social growth I feel the chal be completely automated-from taking the Mr. HOLLAND. Mr. Speaker, under lenges raised by automation can be met customers' orders to delivering the finished leave to extend my remarks in the REc successfully. product (probably the one referred to by GE In many cases it is quite difficult to pin in the above statement). ORD, I include the the following report: point elimination of jobs due to automation. Transmit written messages over great dis UNEMPLOYMENT AND THE IMPACT OF We have found that in numerous industries, tances in a few seconds' time, through the AUTOMATION the permanent reduction of the work force U.S. postal service. (The following report is the result of a due to technological changes-are apparently Operate fully automatic trains. survey made by Congressman ELMER J. HoL postponed until a general downturn permits Translate foreign language conversations, LAND, Democrat of Pennsylvania, on the layoffs which can then be blamed on national or written works in a flash (some of this subject of Unemployment and the Impact of or int;ernational conditions. However, when work is being done now, but one man is still Automation, as requested in November 1960, recovery occurs, many are not called back needed to edit the translations; they expect by Congressman ADAM C. POWELL, chairman to work. to do away with the one-man job). ·1961 CONGRESSIONAL'· RECORO- HOUSE 5569 Whole plant automation is expected * * • Boiler manufacturing and plate fabrication, annually with 50 percent less workers. a system of computers to automate the entire man hours worked, down 41.2 percent. Forg Anthracite coal: 1930-60-Elimination of manufacturing process was demonstrated by ing industry, working only 27 percent. Rail 80,000 jobs. IBM last June. · The machine monitors all road maintenance, e~ployment down 49.5 Oilworkers: 1947-57-0perating capacity the basic functions of manufacturing-sales percent. increased from 5.3 to 8.4 million barrels forecasting, materials planning, inventory Majority of any of these plants are work daily; production workers eliminated from management, plant scheduling ·and work ing only 3-day week. jobs, 10,000. dispatching, and evaluating the results. Brewery workers (flour, cereal, soft drink, Office workers: 1955-60-25 percent of A machine that types directly from dicta and distillery): 1950-60, Employment de jobs eliminated due to electronic machines. tion. creased 25 percent due to mechanization NoTE.-It is estimated that within the next The economic, social, and political prob and automation in the following industries: 5 years, 4 million more office and clerical lems arising from our great technological (a) Breweries, (b) Malt beverages (beer), jobs will be eliminated by automation. developments in the days ahead will be even (c) Distilled liquor, (d) Soft drinks, (e) Post office clerks: Automation entering more difficult and complex than we now are Malt processing, (f) Yeast processing, (g) this field-however, those now employed have experiencing. Cigar making. been assured their jobs will not be eliminated Today we have on the average of 150,000 Building and construction workers: 1959- but they will be "frozen" and upon their unemployed each month losing their unem 60-Unemployed, 8 percent November 1960- departure or resignation the jobs will not be ployment compensation benefits and the 16 percent December 1960. filled by others. only outlook at the moment is possibly an (NoTE: Automation effect has not been Railway and steamship clerks: 1946-60- extension of these benefits for 13 more calculated in figures as yet; however, pre 37.1 percent reduction in work force due to weeks * * * then they will have to go on fabrication is being felt considerably in con automation. Jobs were not filled when the rolls of the public assistance depart struction industry.) vacated by workers retiring or resigning. ments of the various States. Building services: 1945-60-Automatic Railroad workers: 1940-60-1,000,000 jobs When men and women-who are the sole elevators replaced 40,000 elevator operators. eliminated. NoTE.--southern Railroad ex support of their families lose their jobs and Commercial recreation: Bowling alleys au ample: Operates 6,200 miles of line. Has are told-at the age of 40-they are too old tomated, eliminating pinball boys. Vending completely dieselized; has four automatic to be considered by other industries, the machines have replaced sales clerks. freight yards; has centralized traffic control future is bleak; not only for them, but for Custodial work: Cleaning machines have system; has mechanization maintenance their families. We must remember that the replaced janitors and charwomen; dish work; has smallest repair shops, use tech children of these families today must be washing machines have replaced workers in nology; has office automation-programs ac prepared to be the leaders of our Nation hospitals, schools, institutions, hotels, etc. counting and statistical work on electronic tomorrow-and, if they are to be raised as (NoTE.-This report is from New York City computer. Saved $850,000 in first year. wards of the State, their concept of our sys only. National figures are being tabulated.) 1946-56--Increased gross business 6 per tem of government and our economy will Chemical workers: 1953-60-Production cent; effi.ciency up 116 percent; profits rose not be too enthusiastic. increased 80 percent. Employment decreased from $19.5 to $40.5 million, 100 percent; em These problems are of our own making. by 13,000. ployment dropped from 40,000 to 22,000, 45 We must find answers to them. We must Clothing workers: Unemployment in this percent. find ways to retrain these men, if necessary, industry is seasonal. Cutting work is au Retail clerks: 1947-60-0utput rose 150.8 so that they can support and educate their tomated to some extent. percent; employment is practically all part -families and return to work as they want Communication workers: 1955-60-Tele time, but not by preference. NoTE.-Auto to do. phone business increased 25 percent. Em mation has been felt here-wrapping and We are in a new world, with new chal ployment decreased 5.5 percent--33,000 jobs. packing devices, meat cutting, vending ma lenges, and we need new thinking. We can (NOTE.-Telephone calls increased 60 per chines, etc. Serve yourself supermarkets, not afford to waste any more time. 35 employees in warehouse replace 150 cent from 1946 to 1960.) clerks. Elimination of independent stores. This report, I know, merely scratches the Electrical workers (IUE): Electrical ma surface of the present conditions and indi chinery industry: 1953-60-Production and Rubber workers (tire and tube): 1947-58- cates why we are in our state of decline. related worker employment is down 80,000 Produced 100 million tires yearly; employ Much more can, and should, be divulged jobs. Production output is up 20 percent. ment reduced SO percent--31,000 jobs, work by holding public hearings and securing ac Electric lamp industry: 1950-59-Employ hours reduced 29 percent. curate figures of our unemployed and their ment down 1,500 jobs; production up by 42 Years 1958-59-Employment remained prospects for the future. percent; productivity of worker up 52 per level, production increased 22 percent. This will be the job of the Holland Sub cent. Seafarers (Maritime workers): 1952-60- committee on Unemployment and the Im (NoTE.-Westinghouse Electric Corp. makes Employment down 27,500; larger and faster pact of Automation which will be in full a completely automated lampmaking ma ships with smaller crews. NoTE.-American operation very shortly. chine-output is 32 million incandescent owned or controlled vessels registered under Sources of material: bulbs per year, raw material fed to machine foreign flags-purpose of this is to avoid Reports submitted by international unions and 100 feet later completed bulbs emerge. American wages and working conditions, affiliated with the industries discussed in Machine inspects, rejects imperfect products, American taxes and safety standards. the report. packs bulbs, boxes in cartons, conveys to Year 1946-65 percent of total cargo car "Union Meets Automation," New York trucks and boxcars for shipment.) ried in U.S. ships. City Central Labor Council, AFL-CIO. Radio and television industry: 1950-60- Year 1959-9.1 percent of total cargo car "Automation-Its Impact on Business and Wiring, soldering, and component assembly ried in U.S. ships. People," by Dr. Walter Buckingham. automated, with the result that 50,000 jobs Steelworkers: 1937-59-Employment down "The Red Challenge to Technological Re eliminated. 18.5 percent, elimination of 95,000 jobs; pro newal in the_ West,'' by Robert McKinney. Electrical workers (IBEW): Radio: 1953- ductivity up 121.1 percent; ingot production Department of Labor Reports, U.S. De 60-Federal Communications Commission increased 65 percent; steel shipments in partment of Labor. authorized 1,300 stations to operate auto creased 80.9 percent. "Manpower-Challenge of the 1960's," matically. Result, 3,900 jobs eliminated as In 1941, 20 men were required to produce U.S. Department of Labor. each station has approximately three jobs 1 ton of steel. Special articles in New York Times, Wash per station. In 1960, 12 men were required to produce ington Post, labor periodicals, management Television: 1958-60-Loss of 25 percent of 1 ton of steel. periodicals, innumerable magazines, and jobs due to automation. (NoTE.-Today we have 125,000 steelwork syndicated columnists in various newspapers. Telephone industry: 1959-60-Elimination ers unemployed; those still working have av of 2,122 jobs. eraged this year a 34-hour workweek. RESUME OF REPORTS SUBMITTED BY VARIOUS Electric utilities industry: 1927-60-An Teamsters: Trucking: Due to the increased UNIONS ON THE SUBJECT OF UNEMPLOYMENT nual kilowatt-hour output increased 850 per weight and size of the trucks, the productiv AND THE IMPACT OF AUTOMATION . cent; employment increased only 11 percent. ity per driver has increased as larger loads Auto workers: 1947-60-production in- (NOTE.-Utility plants now double size and can be carried and fewer trucks are used. creased 50 percent, employment decreased output with no increase in employment.) Practice of "piggybacking" is cutting into 2.9 percent, sales increased 93.4 percent, Electronics: 1947-56-0utput in United employment of truck drivers for long-haul production payroll increased 21.6 percent. States increased 325 percent; employment in assignments. Outlook is for business to in The first half of 1957 and 1960-employ creased 50 percent. crease but additional jobs will not result ment decreased 3.2 percent, production in Longshoremen: Negotiated contract with from this increase. creased 14.9 percent. provisions to set up mechanization and Terminals: This section of industry is An estimated 160,000 unemployed auto modernization fund, $5 million a year for largely autom!J.ted today in loading and un workers in Detroit will never return to au .5Y:z years to be put into fund for retraining, loading due to conveyors, hoisting devices, tomobile factories due to automation. relocating, providing severance pay for those inclined tracks, preloaded carts, closed cir Boilermakers, iron shipbuilders, black replaced by machines or mechanization. cuit TV, etc. Automated and electronic smiths, forgers, helpers: 1958-60-6¥2 per · Mineworkers: Bituminous coal: 1950-60- data processing is being used to handle bill cent unemployed. Construction Industry, production per miner increased 100 percent. ing and related activities, including inven man hours worked, down 4L2 percent. 1937-57--45 million tons more coal produced tory data. Payroll processing, maintenance 5570 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE April 11 o:t personnel records-, maintenance and op• It has helped to feed in1lation by smother reinvests his holdings; reduce the rates of erating cost and control; preparation o:t vari- ing the rate o:t savings and destroying ac tax on estates and gifts, and establish more ous reports, etc. . cumulated capital. realistic depreciation rules. Dairy: Automated machinery being used It has slowed the rise in living standards HOW TAXES WOULD DRO.P to large extent in all sized dairies. Ice cream which depends on capital formation. plants, milk processing plants, frozen food, The cause o:t these national blights is the The top rate of individual income tax rates from raw products to finished boxing or bot involuntary diversion of savings-the only would be brought down, by the end of the tling. Even automatic cleaning of pipelines source of private capital-from their natural fifth year of application, from 91 to 47 per at conclusion of operations. flow toward urgently needed investment cent. The first bracket would be reduced Canning: Extensive use of automation in fund reservoirs to the Federal Treasury. from 20 to 15 percent and there would be this industry. 1947-58-0utput per man It is about time that we got tough fisted corresponding reductions in all the interim hour increased 40 percent ; employment was about a problem that has consistently rates. decreased 12 percent. · resisted solution through a more restrained Let me cite a few examples. The $8,000 (NoTE.-Actual figures have been difficult appeal. to $10,000 bracket of taxable income would to obtain for this report as records have not There is no sound reason why we should be brought down from its present 34 per been prepared as yet.) accept the inevitab1lity of the present tax cent to 19 percent; the $16,000 to $18,000 Textile workers: 1947-59-Production jobs system. bracket from 50 to 23 percent; the $50,000 decreased 38 percent; production output in Even more important, we must be careful to $60,000 bracket from 75 to 31 percent for creased 5 percent; productivity per manhour that much-talked-of future reforms are single taxpayers. increased almost 70 percent. revisions that encourage private incentive. The top corporate rate would be reduced United Electrical workers: 1953-60--Elec As compelling as are the domestic reasons from 52 to 47 percent through annual trical manufacturing industry as a whole; for tax rate reform, the situation is even reductions of one point each year over the employment down 10 percent; production up more critical in view of Russia's threat to 5-year span. The linkage of the top rates 20percent. bury us in a production race. of individual and corporate taxes is an es 1956-60-General Electric: Jobs lost, 40,- We cannot win playing it the Communist pecially enlightened move, since 85 percent 566; sales increased $259.5 million. way, the way of government control. We of the total business population is composed Lamp division: Value of shipments in became the foremost Nation of the world of unincorporated firms. In fairness they creased 24 percent; hourly employment de should not be taxed at higher rates than through free enterprise and individual initia corporations. creased 1,200. tive and we can maintain our position only Steam turbine generator parts division: if we continue to grow through that philos Over 5 years, a reduction of 25 percent Hourly employment decreased 16,802. ophy. would be made in the time during which businesses could charge off the cost of de Soviet planners are aware of the way our preciable property. Estate tax rates would tax system is retarding our economic growth be reduced from a top of 77 to 47 percent and they are banking more on our weakness and the top rate of gift tax from 57.75 to Taxes and Spending Can Be Cut . to defeat us than on their strength. 35.25 percent. All lower rates of both taxes For more than 12 years we have poured would be reduced in proportion: · EXTENSION OF REMARKS billions of taxpayer dollars into the econ These bills strike at the crux of the tax omies of free world nations-and encouraged OF problem which is the sharp climb in the huge private investments--in order to build graduated rates in the middle-income brack up their supplies of capital and stiffen their ets. This is the bottleneck that has slowed HON. THOMAS B. CURTIS resistance to communism. At the same time OF MISSOURI the flow of investment funds, especially the we have ignored at home the very lesson we risk venture variety, since our capital avail- . IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES are striving to teach abroad, that adequate ability is firmly tied to the · rate at which' Tuesday, April 11, 1961 capital funds are vital to the stability and savings can be accumulated.· growth of a free economy. None can refute that we must lodk to Mr. CURTIS of Missouri. Mr. Speak ROLE OF BUSINESSMEN the savings, principally of those in the mid er, under permission to revise and extend In an international economic war, the dle and upper brackets, for the venture funds my remarks, I should like to place in the businessman is the frontline soldier because to create Jobs, start and expand businesses, RECORD an article written by the gentle the achievements of those engaged in com make products available at prices within man from Texas [Mr. ALGER] which ap mercial activities largely decide the rate of reach. Even though we sometimes forget peared in the April issue of the magazine our economic growth. or turn away from it, every material need, Nation's Business. The gentleman's Yet we are, in a sense, demanding that our every benefit, every business advance, every knowledge and interest in the field of business community demolish Russia's chal rise in living standards has a common pro lenge without permitting it to use the only genitor, and that is capital. When tax re government spending and taxation are duction is mentioned it tends, sometimes, well known. I believe that this article is weapon that can effectively turn the tide. That is a steady flow of investment funds for to produce twin fears in the minds of many well worth the attention of the Congress starting and expanding business enterprises. Americans, not excluding those who appre and the country. We must unshackle the business commu ciate the need for action. The article follows: nity so that it can meet the Russian thrust The first of these concerns is based on TAXES AND SPENDING CAN BE CUT on more equal ground. If we are to show the apprehension that deficit spending would result. The second, and allied fear, is for (By Representative BRUCE ALGER) the world the genuine flowering of free enter prise, we must first achieve an enlightened the revenue effect of the reductions. In pushing ahead to new legislative fron transformation of the tax system. Our bills have provisions which completely tiers, the Government should offer greater dispel both fears. opportunity for the individual to improve How can we ever expect to get the re his own condition with his own resources. cipients of foreign aid funds oft' our fiscal POTENTIAL FOR SAVINGS We can meet not only our goals of more backs unless we demonstrate, by our own A built-in safeguard eliminates the possi economic growth and employment, but also example, that the true path to the full re bility that the bills will cause deficit spend the threat of communism, by: wards of a free economic system is a sound ing. This safety valve is a provision that 1. Recognizing the need for major reform tax program? Failure in this could mean permits postponement of rate reductions in of our Federal tax system. that we will be committed to keeping re any year in which an unbalanced budget is 2. Adopting a tax program which will cipient nations on American taxpayer-dollar threatened. Certainly this should allay the strengthen our capitalistic private enter doles from now on. fears of even the most stanch budget prise society. The most comprehensive program for re balancers. 3. Enlisting the support of 60 million tax form of Federal tax rates and methods is As to the revenue effect, the authors of payers in this reform through a widespread now before the Congress in several bills. this legislation believe that any loss will awareness of the potential savings as well as The legislation is best known as the Herlong be more than offset by the increased revenue tax'reduction involved. Baker bills. My colleagues on the Ways and resulting from the greater economic growth Means Committee--Representative A. S. FAULTS OF TAX SYSTEM made possible by the unleashing of invest HERLONG, JR., a Florida Democrat, and Rep ment funds. The present tax system stunts personal resentative HowARD H. BAKER, Republican, ambition by denying just rewards for indi of Tennessee, are the chief sponsors. After This appraisal is based on the calculation vidual effort. studying the Herlong-Baker bills I have in that each 1 percent annual increase in the Through capital-starvation, it has made troduced an identical bill. (In the House rate of economic growth will produce $1 the American dream of going into business each Member has his own bills.) The leg blllion in additional Federal revenue. As for oneself more difficult to fulflll. islation would reduce both individual and the revenue effect of our bills would aver It has reduced the job opportunities which corporate income tax rates over a 5-year age out at less than $3.5 b1llion annually, only a free flow of investment funds can period; defer taxes for individuals-on long or the equivalent of a 3·.5-percent rate of make possible. term capital gains as long as the taxpayer economic growth, a 5-percent average rate 1961 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 5571 of growth over the next 5 years would not for the use of the revenue overlap. Our effect on the size of public expenditures. As only offset the revenue effect but provide an bllls fill this void by setting up an effective a Congressman, I know that Members of excess of $1.5 blllion. counterclaim. both Houses will be loath to vote for appro OVer and above these benefits is another Every one of the country's 60 m11lion priations that would tip the scale of that could prove to be the most important income-tax payers would be enrolled auto budgetary balance. The executive branch of all. matically as a watchdog of the Treasury. should be just as fearful. This is the postponement feature, which Taxpayers are bound to insist that the Gov No one would invite the wrath of taxpayers can be the launching pad for the greatest ernment exercise every possible economy who did not receive tax reductions upon and most dynamic offensive against Gov because their anticipated tax reductions wlll which they had counted. The economies ernment waste that our country has ever depend upon it. resulting would in no way restrict military witnessed. When the people have a clearly defined and other essential expenditures. Over the years the Federal Government choice between tax reform and increased We have in this legislation, then, dual has been growing rapidly at the expense of Federal spending, you don't need a crystal forces for impressive and lasting public bet economic growth, upon which it depends for ball to predict which they will choose. terment--the urgently needed tax-rate re revenue. This process has gone unchecked The collective weight of this pressure for form and a checkrein on Government because there has been no competing claims economy is guaranteed to have a restraining spending. House had passed, without amendment, ica to the 16th session of the Economic SENATE the following bills of the Senate: Commission for Europe of the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations. S. 178. An act for the relief ·of Michael J . WEDNESDAY, APRIL 12, 1961 Collins; By Mr. PASTORE, from the Joint Com S. 298. An act for the relief of Earl H. mittee on Atomic Energy: The Senate met at 12 o'clock meridian, Pendell; Leland J. Haworth, of New York, to be a and was called to order by the Vice Presi S. 900. An act to provide for the striking member of the Atomic Energy Commission. dent. of medals in commemoration of the 250th By Mr. McNAMARA, from the Committee The Chaplain, Rev. Frederick Brown anniversary of the founding of Mobile, Ala.; on Labor and Public Welfare: Harris, D.D., offered the following S. 1295. An act to authorize the use of Gerald A. Brown, of California, to be a prayer: funds arising from a judgment in favor of member of the National Labor Relations the Nez Perce Trilie of Indians, and for other Board. Eternal God, for this hallowed moment purposes; The VICE PRESIDENT. If there be we would hush our feverish clamor to S. 1297. An act to authorize the payment silence, that the voice of Thy guidance of per diem to members of the Indian Arts no further reports of committees, the may be heard, as we face perplexing and Crafts Board at the same rate that is nominations on the calendar will be problems which tie us so closely to the aut horized for other persons serving the stated. Federal Government without compensation; seething world. and We are conscious that it is a world S. 1298. An act to permit the Secretary of DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE where tyrants still deal in fetters and the Interior to revoke in whole or in part chains as they attempt to shackle the free the school and agency farm reserve on the The Chief Clerk read the nomination spirits of men made in Thy image. We Lac du Flambeau Reservat ion. of Harold Brown, of California, to be Di praise Thee for the multitude in every rector of Defense Research and Engi land with whom we are joined, who cher neering. ish freedom of body and mind more than LIMITATION OF DEBATE DURING The VICE PRESIDENT. Without ob life itself. MORNING HOUR jection, the nomination is confirmed. Our Father, never let us forget that it Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, is 1n earthen vessels that we have the under the rule, there will be the usual treasure of freedom which we guard. morning hour for the transaction of THE Am FORCE Save us, 0 Lord, from the hypocrisy routine business. I ask unanimous con The Chief Clerk read the nomination of beholding a speck in another's eye, sent that statements in connection of Joseph Scott Imirie, of New York, to without being aware of the log that is in therewith be limited to 3 minutes. be an Assistant Secretary of the Air our own eye. The VICE PRESIDENT. Without Force. Grant us inner discernment, so that objection, it is so ordered. The VICE PRESIDENT. Without ob behind all the facades of security, priv jection, the nomination is confirmed. ilege, and success we may honestly rec ognize the imperfect condition of our own EXECUTIVE SESSION lives, even as Thou dost know it. Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I In all our striving to defend the truth, move that the Senate proceed to the THE ARMY preserve in us the grace of self-criticism, consideration of executive business, to The Chief Clerk proceeded to read so that the living faith of the dead may consider the nominations on the Execu sundry nominations in the Army. not become the dead faith of the living. tive Calendar. Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I We ask it in the name of the Redeemer The motion was agreed to; and the ask unanimous consent that these nomi who is the truth and the light. Amen. Senate proceeded to the consideration of nations be considered en bloc. executive business. The VICE PRESIDENT. Without ob jection, the nominations will be consid THE JOURNAL ered en bloc; and, without objection, they On request of Mr. MANSFIELD, and by EXECUTIVE MESSAGES REFERRED are confirmed. unanimous consent, the reading of the The VICE PRESIDENT laid before the Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I Journal of the proceedings of Monday, Senate messages from the President of ask unanimous consent that the Presi April 10, 1961, was dispensed with. the United States submitting sundry dent be immediately notified of the con nominations, which were referred to the firmation of these nominations. appropriate committees. MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT The VICE PRESIDENT. Without ob
HOUSE of REPRESENTATIVES Held the Rank of Brigadier General
