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Pacific Lamprey (Eng.) Lampetra Tridentata

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Pacific Lamprey (Eng.) Lampetra Tridentata Pacific lamprey: Some ecological and biological features during their sea life and relationships with host species Alexei Orlov (VNIRO), Dmitry Pelenev (VNIRO), Vadim Savinykh (TINRO-Center), Natalia Klovach (VNIRO) and Andrei Vinnikov (KamchatNIRO) Pacific lamprey (Eng.) Lampetra tridentata (Lat.) Anadromous Parasitic Depths 0-1485 m Total length up to 85 cm Body weight up to 900 g The range of Pacific lamprey in the North Pacific Sea of Okhotsk BERING SEA s nd la Is Aleutian Islands il ur K PACIFIC OCEAN MATERIALS : Distribution and biology Survey databases of TINRO-Center (Vladivostok, Russia), Alaska Fisheries Science Center (Seattle, USA), VNIRO (Moscow, Russia), ChukotNIRO (Anadyr, Russia) for the period 1975-2007. Totally data on 3832 captures are analysed, including those 3818 with depth indication, of which 3118 were within water column (midwater trawl) and 700 off the ground (bottom trawl). Total length of 725 lampreys were measured to analyze their size composition, 332 specimens were measured and weighed to study length-weight relationship. Parasitism Pacific lamprey marks of 664 host belonging to 10 species were analyzed : walleye pollock – 302, Pacific cod – 118, Greenland halibut – 76, chum salmon – 43, sockeye salmon – 38, Pacific herring – 30, chinook salmon – 19, Pacific halibut – 14, arrowtooth flounder – 14, Kamchatka flounder – 10. METHODS: Methods of research were published in two papers: 1. Orlov A.M., Vinnikov A.V., Pelenev D.V. 2007. Principles of studies of the sea period of anadromous parasitic lampreys (example of Pacific lamprey Lampetra tridentata (Gairdner, 1836) Petromyzontidae family) // Voprosy Rybolovstva 8 (2): 287-312. 2. Orlov A.M., Savinykh V.F., Pelenev D.V. 2008. Features of spatial distribution and size composition of Pacific lamprey Lampetra tridentata in the North Pacific // Russian Journal of Marine Biology 34 (5): 276-287. Distribution of Pacific lamprey catches in the North Pacific by bottom and midwater trawls Sea of Okhotsk lands ian Is s leut d A n la Is l ri u K Catch, ind./haul - 1 PACIFIC OCEAN - 2-5 - 6-10 - > 10 Capture sites of Pacific lamprey in the North Pacific by midwater trawls N 70° R U S S I A U S A 60° 50° P A C I F I C O C E A N 40° E 140° 150° 160° 170° 180° 170° 160° 150° 140° 130° 120° W Capture sites of Pacific lamprey in the North Pacific by bottom trawls N 70° R U S S I A U S A 60° 50° P A C I F I C O C E A N 40° E 140° 150° 160° 170° 180° 170° 160° 150° 140° 130° 120° W Vertical distribution of Pacific lamprey in the North Pacific according to data obtained by midwater trawls 70 3.5 60 3.0 50 2.5 40 2.0 30 1.5 % of captures 20 1.0 Mean number caught, ind. 10 0.5 0 0.0 0-100 101-200 201-300 301-400 401-500 501-600 601-700 701-800 801-900 901- 1001- 1000 1500 Depth, m % of captures Mean number caught, ind. Vertical distribution of Pacific lamprey in the North Pacific according to data obtained by bottom trawls 25 4.5 4.0 20 3.5 3.0 15 2.5 2.0 10 % of captures 1.5 5 1.0 Mean number caught, ind. 0.5 0 0.0 0-100 101- 201- 301- 401- 501- 601- 701- 801- 901- 1001- 1101- 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 Depth, m % of captures Mean number caught, ind. Daily dynamics of Pacific lamprey catch off the bottom (1) and in water column (2) in the North Pacific 3 2 2.5 2 1.5 1 1 Mean number caught, ind. caught, Mean number 0.5 0-3 3-6 6-9 9-12 12-15 15-18 18-21 21-24 Time of the day, h Size composition of Pacific lamprey in the North Pacific 30 N = 725 ind. M = 48.65 cm 25 s 20 15 10 Number ofNumber specimen 5 0 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45 48 51 54 57 60 63 66 69 72 75 78 81 84 Total length, cm Total length of Pacific lamprey at different depth in the North Pacific (vertical bars – variations, red line – mean values, green dashed line – trend) 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 Total length, cm length, Total 20 10 R 2 = 0.137 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1200 1400 Depth, m Total length of Pacific lamprey in the North Pacific in different months (vertical bars – variations, red line – mean values, green dashed line – trend) 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 Total length, cm 20 10 R 2 = 0.5369 0 456789101112 Month Capture sites of walleye pollock with Pacific lamprey N marks in the northwestern Pacific 62 60 58 B E R I N G S E A 56 54 52 50 P A C I F I C O C E A N 48 E155 160 165 170 175 180 1857 W Capture sites of halibuts and flounders with Pacific N lamprey marks in the northwestern Pacific 63 61 59 57 B E R I N G S E A 55 53 51 P A C I F I C Kamchatka flounder O C E A N Arrowtooth flounder 49 Pacific halibut Greenland halibut 47 E150 155 160 165 170 175 180 1857 W Capture sites of other groundfishes with Pacific N lamprey marks in the northwestern Pacific 65 63 61 59 57 B E R I N G S E A 55 Roughscale sole 53 P A C I F I C Pacific herring Pacific cod 51 O C E A N Starry flounder 49 Atka mackerel Pacific ocean perch 47 E 153 158 163 168 173 178 1837 W Capture sites of Pacific salmons with Pacific lamprey N marks in the northwestern Pacific 65° 60° A K T A B E R I N G S E A H C 55° M Pink A K Chum Coho Sokeye Chinook 50° 155° 160° 165° 170° 175° 180° E Selectivity of Pacific lamprey in relation to different species Host species Avoided species Possible causes Salmons of avoidance Skates and flounders Bottom dwelling Halibuts and masking Cod fishes Sculpins and poachers Small size and armored body Greenlings Eelpouts Eel-like shape Herring and slime skin Too much water Rockfishes Snailfishes and grenadiers in flesh Division of body surface of Pacific lamprey hosts to characterize position of marks (after Lennon, 1954 with some amendments) I I II II V VI V VI III IV IV III Herring Flatfishes I II V VI III IV Salmons I I II VI II V V VI III VI III IV Codfishes Rockfishes and greenlings Walleye pollock (302 specimens) Number of marks 1 – 3 (mean 1.1); Single marks – 80.8% 51.7 % 16.7 30.8 8.4 14.9 8.5 20.7 48.3 % ♂ : ♀ = 42.8 : 57.2 Pacific cod (118 specimens) Number of marks 1 - 10 (mean 1.3) Single marks 65.8% 44.3 % 34.3 5.5 22.6 8.1 10.2 19.3 ♂ : ♀ = 41.9 : 58.1 55.7 % Greenland halibut (76 specimens) Number of marks 1 - 3 (mean 1.3) Single marks – 56.0% 4.0 % 19.2 24.2 1.0 0.0 30.8 24.8 96.0 % ♂ : ♀ = 76.5 : 23.5 Chum salmon (43 specimens) Number of marks 1-4 (mean 1.5) Single marks 50.0% 52.8% 13.0 12.0 3.7 0.0 63.9 7.4 47.2% ♂ : ♀ = 48.8 : 51.2 Sockeye salmon (38 specimens) Number of marks 1-3 (mean 1.3) Single marks 60.9% 52.0 % 9.9 12.5 22.4 19.7 15.1 20.4 48.0 % ♂ : ♀ = 63.2 : 36.8 Pacific herring (30 specimens) Number of marks 1 – 1 (mean 1.0) 96.7% 60.0 6.7 0.0 3.3 30.0 0.0 ♂ : ♀ = 28.6 : 71.4 3.3% Chinook salmon (19 specimens) Number of marks 1-4 (mean 1.6) Single marks 46.7% 40.0 % 6.6 11.8 21.0 10.5 25.0 25.0 60.0 % ♂ : ♀ = 47.4 : 52.6 Pacific halibut (14 specimens) Number of marks 1 - 8 (mean 1.9) Single marks – 39.3 % 96.4 % 21.4 21.4 10.7 0.0 14.3 32.2 3.6 % ♂ : ♀ = 8.3 : 91.7 Arrowtooth flounder (14 specimens) Number of marks 1 - 2 (mean 1.1) Single marks 86.7% 0.0 % 6.7 26.7 0.0 0.0 36.6 30.0 100.0 % ♂ : ♀ = no data Kamchatka flounder (10 specimens) Number of marks 1 - 7 (mean 2.0); Single marks 30.0% 15.0 25.0 10.0 % 0.0 0.0 5.0 55.0 90.0 % ♂ : ♀ = 22.2 : 77.8 Position of Pacific lamprey marks on their host species Body side Section Species Right Left I II III IV V VI Greenland 4.0 96.0 19.2 24.2 24.8 30.8 1.0 - halibut Pollock 51.7 48.3 16.7 30.8 20.7 14.9 8.4 8.5 Herring 96.7 3.3 60.0 - 30.0 - 6.7 3.3 Pacific 3.6 96.4 21.4 21.4 32.2 14.3 10.7 - halibut Arrowtooth 0.0 100.0 6.7 26.7 30.0 36.6 - - flounder Kamchatka 10.0 90.0 15.0 - 55.0 5.0 25.0 - flounder Cod 44.3 55.7 34.3 22.6 19.3 10.2 5.5 8.1 Chum 52.8 47.2 13.0 12.0 63.9 7.4 3.7 - Sockeye 52.0 48.0 9.9 12.5 15.1 20.4 22.4 19.7 Chinook 40.0 60.0 6.7 11.8 25.0 25.0 21.0 10.5 Characterization of Pacific lamprey marks on the body of their hosts (nd – no data) Species Imprint, Wound, Scar, Fresh Diameter, Depth, wound, % mm mm % % % Greenland 10.0 90.0 nd nd 15.3 nd halibut Pollock 20.4 79.6 30.8 69.2 24.1 8.9 Herring 16.7 83.3 nd nd 13.5 4.7 Pacific halibut 67.9 32.1 nd nd 11.9 3.3 Arrowtooth 13.3 86.7 nd nd 13.9 nd flounder Kamchatka 80.0 20.0 nd nd 15.0 nd flounder Cod 6.3 93.7 2.9 97.1 26.6 12.8 Chum 33.3 66.7 16.7 83.3 nd nd Sockeye 33.3 66.7 20.0 80.0 nd nd Chinook 40.0 60.0 20.0 80.0 nd nd THANKTHANK YOUYOU FORFOR YOURYOUR ATTENTIONATTENTION.
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