MEADS Conservation Area Appraisal April 2012
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MEADS Conservation Area Appraisal April 2012 This information is available in other Eastbourne Borough Council formats including larger print and Town Hall, Grove Road other languages on request from the Eastbourne Eastbourne Borough Council Planning East Sussex BN21 4UG Service Tel: 01323 410000 MEADS CONSERVATION AREA APPRAISAL Planning Policy Department of Development and Environment Eastbourne Borough Council Town Hall, Grove Road, Eastbourne East Sussex, BN21 4UG Tel: (01323) 410000 Fax: (01323) 641842 Minicom: (01323) 415111 Email: [email protected] Date: April 2012 Available to view and download free at: www.lewes-eastbourne.gov.uk or buy a hard copy Price: £20.00 Contents 1 Introduction 2 2 Summary of Special Interest 3 3 Location, Setting and Boundary Review 5 4 History of the Development 9 5 Analysis of the Special Interest of Meads Conservation Area 13 6 Character Areas 32 7 Management Plan 63 8 Planning Policy and Guidance 64 9 Action by the Local Authority in the Public Realm 69 10 Action by Residents 72 11 Appendix A: Audit 73 12 Appendix B: Glossary 83 13 Appendix C: Bibliography 87 14 Appendix D: Maps 88 Meads Conservation Area 1 Introduction Decisions relating to changes within Conservation Areas are made in line with the relevant policies set out in the Development Plan. This appraisal will help to inform decisions made under policies and guidance documents and should therefore be taken into account when seeking to make changes in Meads Conservation Area. No appraisal can ever be completely comprehensive and omission of any particular building, feature or space should not be taken to imply that it is of no interest. The Appraisal evaluates the special character and appearance of Meads Conservation Area and reviews the Conservation Area boundaries. Meads Conservation Area covers an extensive area of 111.8 hectares,(Figure 1, Appendix D), consequently for the purposes of the appraisal, Meads Conservation Area has been divided into 4 Character Areas. These areas are discussed in greater detail in section 6 and are as follows: Character Area 1: Sea Front and All Saint's Hospital (Figure 2, Appendix D) Character Area 2: Meads Road, Meads Street and the Village (Figure 3, Appendix D) Character Area 3: Residential streets to the east (Figure 4, Appendix D) Character Area 4: Institutional Buildings and Edwardian houses to the west (Figure 5, Appendix D) Character area boundaries in a complex residential and urban environment are inevitably subjective in places. The boundaries are based not only on architectural or historic characteristics, but also on the dynamic experience of the area – how it is perceived when walking, cycling or driving through it, and when ‘boundaries of experience’ are crossed. This includes such sensations as awareness of enclosure or openness, and degrees of noise or activity, which can provide edges to areas just as much as map-based boundaries, or changes of use. The Management Plan in section B contains proposals that seek to preserve and enhance the character and appearance of Meads Conservation Area. This appraisal is to read in conjunction with the following companion documents, Conservation Areas in Eastbourne and Guidance Manual for the Designation and Review of Conservation Areas. Meads Conservation Area Appraisal Appraisal Area Conservation Meads Meads Conservation Area 2 Meads Conservation Area Appraisal Appraisal Area Conservation Meads 2 Summary of Special Interest Meads Conservation Area was built largely between 1870 and 1910 as part of the 7th Duke of Devonshire’s plan for the development of Eastbourne, which was drawn up by his surveyor, Henry Currey, in 1872. The layout of many of the streets, the creation of the famous Western Parades along the cliff tops, and the provision of large number of prestigious family houses for the wealthy middle classes, all were included in Currey’s scheme for a new town by the sea. Picture 1 View of Meads from the Downs. This history has produced a townscape which is attractively cohesive and yet very informal. Of note are the sweeping esplanades along the sea shore, the mature planting on the cliff walks, and the various seaside activities (swimming, miniature golf and bowls), which are popular with residents and visitors throughout the summer months. Spacious residential streets lie further inland, with large street trees (many Elms survive in Meads conservation area), wide grass verges, and greensand, brick or flint front boundary walls. Many of these streets retain traditional red brick pavers with Staffordshire Blue brick crossovers. Architecturally, the Victorian and large red brick Edwardian villas and hotels (most of which date to between 1890 and 1900) are of special merit with their tiled roofs and decorative tiled front elevations, white-painted timber sash or casement windows, half-timbered decoration (usually to prominent gable fronts) and panelled front doors. 3 Meads Conservation Area Picture 3 Decorative timber Picture 2 Timber sash porch. Picture 4 Timber detail to windows. gable. Surrounding the conservation area, and providing a particularly attractive setting, are the towering chalk cliffs of Beachy Head, marking the start of the South Downs Way, with more wooded hills to the west and north, all of which form part of the South Downs National Park. Old Town lies to the immediate north, beyond the expanses of the Royal Eastbourne Golf Course, and to the east, at a slightly lower level, is the centre of Eastbourne, also largely laid out in the 19th century. A certain amount of new development, particularly new blocks of flats, was allowed in Meads Conservation Area in the past, which has adversely affected the character of this area in places, however, many of these structures were built before designation. This appraisal seeks to prevent further inappropriate development by identifying the special architectural and historic interest of the area, and by suggesting ways in which the conservation area can be preserved and enhanced for future generations. Meads Conservation Area Appraisal Appraisal Area Conservation Meads Meads Conservation Area 4 Meads Conservation Area Appraisal Appraisal Area Conservation Meads 3 Location, Setting and Boundary Review Meads Conservation Area is mainly a residential area, characterised by its downland and seaside setting, the spacious public areas along Western Parades and Prince Edward’s Parade, and its attractive Victorian and Edwardian buildings, predominantly in the Arts and Crafts style. Its many street trees, undulating topography, wide vistas, and the quality of the light and seaside air, combine to create a very special environment, much quieter and more remote from the bustle of Eastbourne Town Centre. Picture 5 Carlisle Road. As previously mentioned, the conservation area is located between the South Downs and the sea, with flatter land to the east across the valley of the Bourne stream, and beyond, on the far side of Eastbourne, the marshy levels around the Crumbles. A long shingle beach and the Western Parades create the conservation area’s southern-most boundary. The three levels of pathways, with their attractive planting and leisurely meandering routes, provides a unique setting to this part of the conservation area. To the immediate west, the land rises towards Beachy Head, with sheer chalk cliffs creating a dramatic setting to the intimate, rather isolated pathways which allow access to the beaches. Open downland, with groups of trees in more protected locations, form the skyline from this point. 5 Meads Conservation Area Picture 6 Formal and informal paths, King Edward's Parade. To the north, the South Downs National Park cradles the lower land on which Meads is located, and no doubt historically the hamlet was positioned slightly inland and in the lee of the hill to provide protection from westerly gales. Although some modern housing development has been built, including the areas around Rowsley Road, Baslow Road, and Salisbury Road, the houses are small and surrounded by many trees, which merge into the well-planted downland which rises above. The north-easterly boundary of the conservation area is provided by the Royal Eastbourne Golf Club which sits in a valley beyond Gaudick Road. To the north of the golf links, the land rises again to the downland behind, with 20th century housing in Summerdown Road and the area around Pashley Road. To the east of Meads, beyond the ridge which runs along St Johns Road, lies the flatter valley land which contains the town centre of Eastbourne. Picture 7 Golf links, viewed from Gaudick Road. Meads Conservation Area Appraisal Appraisal Area Conservation Meads Meads Conservation Area 6 Meads Conservation Area Appraisal Appraisal Area Conservation Meads Relationship to the rest of Eastbourne. Meads lies on the most westerly edge of Eastbourne, constrained by the natural rise in height of the South Downs beyond, by the sea to the south, and by the golf course to the north. Road connections to the east, and to Eastbourne town centre, are provided by King Edward’s Parade (which leads to Grand Parade, the main seafront to the town) and Compton Street which runs parallel to it, and by a network of roads – Granville Road, Grassington Road and Grange Road, which connect Silverdale Road (just below St John’s Road) with South Street, the railway station, and the old settlement of South Bourne. The old road, Meads Road, which forms the southern boundary to Compton Place, connects Meads village centre with the Town Hall area. Picture 8 View along Meads Street. Important sites which affect the setting of the conservation area. The South Downs lies to the west and north-west of Meads, and creates an attractive setting for the conservation area. The height, unique skyline, openness and beauty of the Downs, provide a backdrop to the Meads area, which links the town of Eastbourne to the slight wilderness, including Beachy Head, beyond.