General Council Report to Congress 2014

CONGRESS 2014 GENERAL COUNCIL REPORT

Published by Trades Union Congress Congress House Great Russell Street London WC1B 3LS www.tuc.org.uk August 2014 ISBN 978 1 85006 957 7 £10 01

ISBN 978 1 85006 957 7

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General_Council_Report_2014_Covers_AW.indd 4-6 08/08/2014 15:17:28 The 146th Annual Trades Union Congress 7–10 September 2014, Liverpool The TUC’s mission is to be a high-proﬁle organisation that campaigns successfully for trade union aims and values, assists trade unions to increase membership and efectiveness, cuts out wasteful rivalry and promotes trade union solidarity.

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II CONTENTS

TUC General Council Members 2013–2014 V SECTION FOUR RESPECT AND A VOICE AT WORK 43 General Secretary’s introduction VI 4.1 Introduction 44 4.2 Respect at work 44 AN OVERVIEW OF THE YEAR 01 4.3 Equalities 46 Jobs, growth and a new economy 02 4.4 Disabled workers 46 Fair pay and a living wage 03 4.5 Lesbian , gay, bisexual Good services and decent welfare 04 and trans workers 47 Respect and a voice at work 05 4.6 Women workers 48 Strong unions 06 4.7 Race equality 50 4.8 Young workers 51 SECTION ONE 4.9 Worker voice 52 JOBS, GROWTH AND 4.10 Health and safety 53 A NEW ECONOMY 07 4.11 Migration 56 4.12 Decent work and supply chains 57 1.1 Introduction 08 4.13 Social Europe 58 1.2 The economy 08 1.3 The labour market 10 1.4 Working time 12 SECTION FIVE 1.5 Housing 12 STRONG UNIONS 59 1.6 Energy 13 5.1 Introduction 60 1.7 The environment 14 5.2 Organising 60 1.8 Corporate governance and 5.3 Global solidarity 63 workers’ capital 15 5.4 TUC Education 67 1.9 Transport 16 5.5 Skills at work 74 1.10 Tax 17 5.6 Unionlearn 74 1.11 Industrial policy 18 5.7 Trades councils and unemployed 1.12 Procurement 19 workers centres 76 1.13 Global trade 19 1.14 International development 20 SECTION SIX 1.15 Learning and skills 21 TUC ADMINISTRATION 77 6.1 Introduction 78 SECTION TWO 6.2 Afliations and mergers 78 FAIR PAY AND A LIVING WAGE 23 6.3 Congress 78 2.1 Introduction 24 6.4 Congress awards 78 2.2 Campaigning for fair pay 25 6.5 General Council 78 2.3 The national minimum wage 27 6.6 Equality conferences 79 2.4 The living wage 28 6.7 Trades Councils Conference 81 2.5 New industrial wages councils 29 6.8 TUC /Warners Trade Union 2.6 Pensions 29 Communications Awards 81 2.7 Executive pay 31 6.9 TUC ﬁnances 82 6.10 Personnel and training 84 SECTION THREE 6.11 TUC Information Service 84 GOOD SERVICES AND 6.12 Website and new media 85 DECENT WELFARE 33 6.13 TUC Library Collections 85 3.1 Introduction 34 6.14 Congress Centre 86 3.2 Public services 34 3.3 Public sector pay and pensions 35 OBITUARIES 87 3.4 Health and social care 36 3.5 Education 38 APPENDICES 91 3.6 Local government 39 1 Attendances 92 3.7 Criminal justice 40 2 Committee membership 94 3.8 The Public Services Liaison Group 40 3 Accounts 100 3.9 Public Services Forum 41 4 Disputes between unions 113 3.10 Welfare 41 5 TUC rules and standing orders 115

Index and index of resolutions 128

III Mohammad Taj TUC Congress President 2014

IV TUC GENERAL COUNCIL MEMBERS 2013–14

Biographies of all GC members are available here

Sheila Bearcroft Sally Hunt Roy Rickhuss GMB UCU Community (joined February 2014) Christine Blower Karen Jennings NUT UNISON Malcolm Sage GMB Mary Bousted Tony Kearns ATL CWU Eddie Saville HCSA Joanna Brown Chris Keates SCP NASUWT Mark Serwotka PCS Tony Burke Paul Kenny Unite GMB Eleanor Smith UNISON Jane Carolan Michael Leahy UNISON Community (left February 2014) John Smith MU Gail Cartmail Leslie Manasseh Unite Prospect Liz Snape UNISON Mike Clancy Sue Mather Prospect Community Michelle Stanistreet NUJ Brian Cookson Fern McCafrey NASUWT GMB Jane Stewart Unite Manuel Cortes Paul McCarthy TSSA GMB Pat Stuart Unite Bob Crow Len McCluskey RMT (passed away March 2014) Unite Niamh Sweeney ATL Tony Dale Sean McGovern USDAW Unite Mohammad Taj Unite Mark Dickinson Lesley Mercer Nautilus Int. CSP Chris Tansley UNISON Maria Exall Gloria Mills CWU UNISON Steve Turner Unite Sue Ferns Steve Murphy Prospect UCATT Simon Weller ASLEF Larry Flanagan Ged Nichols EIS Accord Fiona Wilson USDAW Steve Gillan Christine Payne POA Equity Tony Woodhouse Unite Janice Godrich Dave Penman PCS FDA Matt Wrack FBU John Hannett Peter Pinkney USDAW RMT (joined April 2014) Frances O'Grady TUC General Secretary Dave Harvey Tim Poil NUT NGSU

Billy Hayes Dave Prentis CWU UNISON

V INTRODUCTION FRANCES O’GRADY GENERAL SECRETARY

“Our alternative They want to rob people of We are campaigning hard. Fair starts from building their rights at work, and impose Pay Fortnight saw the ‘Britain permanent pay cuts and job needs a pay rise’ message taken a new economy insecurity. They see extreme onto the streets and into the run in the interests inequality as a price worth mainstream media. In sectors as paying to preserve privilege diverse as rail, health, education of the many.” and power. At the roughest and justice we are uniting end of the labour market, workers with community users people face poverty pay and against privatisation and cuts. In just over seven months foodbanks. For those in the the country will be ofered middle, everything goes up bar Instead of blaming migrant a stark choice at a crucial, wages. Meanwhile greed at the workers and welfare claimants, potentially generation-defining, top is rewarded with a tax cut. we have developed practical general election. Never has policy solutions that give a strong voice for Britain’s Our alternative starts from people answers to the unions been more necessary. building a new economy run problems they face, from an in the interests of the many, intelligent industrial strategy Over a year ago the TUC set out not the top one per cent – an to council home building our campaign plan. It brought economy that would create and a fair rate for the job. together our priorities, which the good, skilled jobs that were endorsed by the whole pay well on which sustainable Smart political campaigning movement: action on jobs, growth can be built, and has helped delay and dilute growth and a new economy; that would give working attacks on union reps’ rights, fair pay and a living wage; people a real voice at work. check-of arrangements and great public services and a the government’s party political decent welfare safety net; new In my second year as general stunt, the Carr Review. rights and a voice at work; secretary I have travelled and strong unions. This report around the country, visiting We should celebrate our details the TUC’s work to fulfil workplaces, meeting union reps successes. The TUC and the mandate you gave us. and members, and pressing Britain’s unions remain this our case with politicians country’s strongest democratic The context facing working and employers. I have been membership movement, people, and in which we have inspired by trade unionists organising in workplaces been campaigning, has been and campaigners who have and communities across the tough – for some brutal. come together to make nations. Membership in the the case for social justice private sector has risen and Ever since the economic and economic change. the decline in the number of crash almost brought the workers covered by collective world’s economic system to its From BMW workers at Cowley bargaining halted. But there knees there has been a clear winning permanent contracts is plenty more work to do to choice. Those who did best for agency workers to the reach out to and build a new from deregulated capitalism, young workers fighting for the generation of trade unionists. which let inequality rip and living wage at the Ritzy cinema finance rule, want to go back in south London and picket to business as usual. For them lines of public service workers “Working people the crash was an opportunity on 10 July, working people have shown their to shrink the state by cutting have shown their determination services and slashing welfare. to secure a recovery that determination to delivers fair shares. secure a recovery that delivers fair shares.”

VI TUC General Secretary Frances O’Grady visits the Ritzy workers picket line in a BECTU dispute over the London living wage. Brixton, South London. © Jess Hurd/reportdigital.co.uk

VII INTRODUCTION FRANCES O’GRADY GENERAL SECRETARY

Manufacturing matters: TUC General We have worked across the “The TUC and Secretary Frances O’Grady visits the political spectrum, engaging Mini factory in Cowley. Britain’s unions © Dave Fleming, BMW Group politicians from all mainstream parties on the cost of living remain this crisis and the policies needed country’s strongest for a greener, fairer and better balanced economy. democratic membership As we enter the ﬁnal six months movement.” before the next general election this remains our biggest – and most political – challenge. Working with the General Council and the TUC team I am determined to harness the huge potential of our allies and movement – six million men and women from all walks of life – to win a future that works for all.

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VIII OVERVIEW OF THE YEAR

01 AN OVERVIEW OF THE YEAR

In 2013 the General Council agreed its campaign plan, which was endorsed at last year’s Congress. It set the priorities for the work of the TUC during the past year, bringing our priorities into ﬁve clear streams of work. The General Council has been pleased to see how it has united and excited our great movement; under its banner, union members throughout the country have come together to make the case for social justice and economic advance.

This introduction provides an overview of the year and its key achievements, and sets out campaign plans for the year ahead in the run-up to the 2015 general election.

JOBS, GROWTH AND A NEW ECONOMY

The 2008 crash was the worst in living memory. It exposed the weakness of an economy over- reliant on ﬁnance and made unstable by growing inequality.

But the wrong medicine of cuts, pay freezes and austerity delayed recovery. Only now is the economy growing again. Yet most people and many parts of the country are missing out as growth has been fuelled by a London house price boom and increased borrowing, not from the economic rebalancing, higher wages and investment we need.

Rather than build a new, less Remembering the Tolpuddle Martyrs unequal and more sustainable at the annual march and festival. © Jess Hurd/reportdigital.co.uk economy, this government wants to use the crash to shrink the state, reduce rights and set inequality in stone.

02 Achievements in the past year include: People earn £40 a week less in ! winning support across real terms than they did in 2008. the political parties and from employers for an active industrial policy FAIR PAY AND The General Council will A LIVING WAGE fight for a real recovery ! making the case for that delivers decent pay for green workplaces and a People earn £40 a week less all – under the banner of just transition to a low- in real terms than they did in Britain Needs a Pay Rise. carbon economy 2008. And if wages had risen in line with historic levels of Key achievements in the ! exposing the weaknesses economic growth workers last year include: in our jobs recovery by would be more than £100 a setting out the scale of week better of than they are ! putting the decline in living regional inequalities, the now. While ministers say that standards at the centre of bias toward jobs in low- the living standards crisis is national political and media paid sectors and the rise in over, across the public sector debate, with the 100 regional insecure self-employment and in much of the private events and campaign blitz sector pay is still losing a little of Fair Pay Fortnight ! winning public support of its value every month. for the Robin Hood tax. ! backing unions taking Almost five million people are action for better pay And in the year ahead paid less than the living wage. and decent pensions we will continue to: Half of people in poverty are in working households. But at the ! forcing all the political parties ! expose the unbalanced top, boardroom pay continues to call for real increases nature and risks of to rise far above inflation. in the minimum wage the recovery ! winning growing support for ! fight against the tax the living wage and making dodgers and for a fair tax the case for fair pay for all system that makes the rich Blacklisting demonstration and big business pay outside the House of Commons. © TUC ! demand a million new council houses; an efective industrial policy; root and branch banking reform; guaranteed full employment and a jobs guarantee for young people; and a transformed skills system that works for all

! campaign with the European TUC for investment and sustainable jobs across Europe.

In Section One we report in detail on the General Council’s work on jobs, growth and a new economy.

03 AN OVERVIEW OF THE YEAR

Frances O’Grady speaking at Tolpuddle 2014. © Jess Hurd/reportdigital.co.uk

! exposing the boardroom greed of top executive soaraway pay

! winning the public argument for new wages councils and collective bargaining so workers get a fairer share of the cake.

In the year ahead we will:

! organise a massive Britain Needs a Pay Rise national demonstration on 18 October

! continue to expose Britain’s living standards crisis

! publish new analysis of excessive executive pay

! demand a higher national minimum wage, a spread of the living wage and fair and equal pay

! show how low pay and exploitation are the cause of the problem, not migrant workers

! help unions ﬁght for an end to public sector pay freezes and caps.

In Section Two we report We were told the NHS would be The welfare state – the safety in detail on the General protected, but waiting times are net that any of us might need Council’s work on fair up, bed shortages common and – is threatened. Ministers and pay and a living wage. GP services barely able to cope. their media allies have used public hostility against those The public realm is under who cheat the system to try to a dangerous twin attack. undermine the whole welfare GOOD SERVICES AND Austerity economics is used system. The unemployed DECENT WELFARE to justify cuts, but the real are increasingly treated as if objective is just as much to losing their job was their fault, Public services are under shrink the state permanently with a five-week wait for any huge pressure. Local councils and open up vital services to benefits, an unfair sanctions are being hammered. Yet the private profit. This is a political regime and workfare schemes respected Institute for Fiscal choice, not an economic no diferent from those used by Studies says we have had less necessity. Keeping wages the courts to punish ofenders. than half of the Chancellor’s down year after year hits staf planned spending cuts. morale, hinders recruitment Fighting service cuts, and retention and further defending welfare and undermines public services. opposing privatisation will be key campaigns for unions, activists and communities. 04 Highlights of the past “Zero-hours contracts have gone year include: mainstream, agency work is common ! putting NHS cuts, in permanent posts and bogus privatisation and self-employment is rampant.” fragmentation on the political and media agenda through the All Together

for the NHS Alliance THE WELFARE STATE THAT ANY OF US MIGHT NEED IS UNDER ATTACK RESPECT AND A “I GOT CANCER AND VOICE AT WORK ! building wide support for SAVING OUR THERE WAS NO-ONE TO public ownership of railways, HELP ME” Rights at work are under P6 lower fares and better SAFETY NET savingoursafetynet.org | Issue 1 | July 2014 attack. Insecure work is on the services through Action for Photofusion/REX and Macleod Murdo Hamilton, Julian Hurd/reportdigital.co.uk, Jess Images, Getty © page this on Photos increase. Zero-hours contracts Rail; speaking up for justice have gone mainstream, through the Justice Unions LOSE YOUR agency work is common in Campaign Group by exposing permanent posts and bogus the impact of outsourcing; JOB AND WAIT self-employment is rampant. and launching the Education EXCLUSIVE Not For Sale campaign to BY ROS WYNNE-JONES Fees for employment tribunals People who lose their jobs will FIVE WEEKS be forced to wait more than five weeks before they get any help fight privatisation of schools, from the government. mean that workers increasingly The controversial new plans, part of Iain Duncan Smith’s welfare ‘reforms’, will see families already reeling from austerity forced to colleges and universities food banks. READ FULL STORY ON P3 cannot aford to enforce FOR HELP their basic rights. Protection “Welfare Working helped and on me get welfare: ! leading the campaign back on Britain’s against unfair dismissal and new Sign the petition my feet” Staff forced to poor Published by Trades Union Congress to defend the ‘refer’ claims Congress House, Great Russell Street welfare state P2 P4 to hit targets P7 P8 London WC1B 3LS www.tuc.org.uk against the dangers to public Printed by Ancient House Printing Group, July 2014 redundancy has been reduced. services in the proposed US EU trade deal and forcing the The Prime Minister wants EU to consult on the detail In the year ahead we will: to end the rights that we owe to Europe – working ! winning high media coverage ! fight for properly time protection such as paid for TUC and False Economy funded, publicly owned, holidays, rights for agency work on the impact of democratically run workers and equal treatment welfare cuts through the public services – so that he can ofer a bedroom tax and council false choice in a referendum tax benefit changes ! continue to defend between leaving the EU or the welfare state giving up basic rights. ! launching a defence of a decent welfare system ! demand comprehensive But inequality lies behind the through the Saving our Safety childcare and a proper crash. Extending rights at work Net campaign, in particular adult care system so that and strengthening workers’ fighting proposals to delay elderly and disabled people voice is key to securing a benefits for those who lose – and those who care for productive fair economy. their jobs and exposing them – can live in dignity the impact on working Highlights of the year include: people of welfare cuts. ! make the case for a new deal for public sector workers. ! winning wide political support for action to In Section Three we report deal with abusive zero- in detail on the General hours contracts Council’s work in defence of the public realm. ! winning a high media profile for the Age Immaterial campaign, highlighting problems for older women in the workforce

05 AN OVERVIEW OF THE YEAR

! defending union rights and STRONG UNIONS opposing the Carr Review as a taxpayer-funded, Only strong trade unions can party political stunt deliver a sustainable and fair economy. Inequality helped ! showing that workers across drive the crash and makes Europe have an important the recovery fragile. Unless voice in company decision- unions give workers a collective My Union, making, and making the voice and strength, the My Voice! case for UK workers to have imbalance in the relationship Inspiring stories from the same opportunities. between employer and the young union reps employed gets worse. In the year ahead we will continue to: Highlights during the past year have included: ! expose the growth of vulnerable employment, ! bringing together unions whether through zero-hours planning industrial campaigns contracts, bogus self- and organising practical employment, casualisation support, particularly for In the year ahead we will: and agency work, blacklisting the 10 July action or payroll companies ! update the Union Advantage ! helping to coordinate more pamphlet and develop ! campaign against than 100 local events marking ideas for a union ‘gateway’ employment tribunal fees Workers’ Memorial Day to aid recruitment as evidence grows that they price workers out of justice ! telling the real story of ! defend check-of, oppose and encourage exploitation young workers in Young limitations on industrial Workers’ Month, with forums action in public services ! expose and oppose in Liverpool, Newcastle and and defend simple majority discrimination against Cardif, and by publishing My industrial action ballots pregnant workers Union, My Voice, showcasing young members and activists ! bring unions together ! demand stronger to strengthen their redundancy rights ! running the successful industrial and campaigning Organising Academy, Leading power in the UK ! build the Europe that Works Change and TUC Education for Britain campaign to programmes, which ! support the next generation demand a European Union trained 52,000 reps across of union activists and train that raises workers’ standards the UK, covering 2,800 young activists in organising of living and rights at work private sector employers and campaigning

! demand an employee voice ! making workers’ rights and ! ﬁght for the rights of workers on remuneration committees fair pay in the Bangladesh building the infrastructure for and workers on the board. textile industry front the 2022 World Cup in Qatar page news after the Rana In Section Four we report Plaza factory collapse, ! argue for ways to boost in detail on the General and winning the support participation in our Council’s work to defend of key British brands for democratic structures and extend rights at work. the Bangladesh Fire and such as workplace and Building Safety Accord. electronic ballots.

Building stronger unions is always top of the General Council’s list of priorities. We report fully on this in Section Five. 06 SECTION1 ONE JOBS, GROWTH AND A NEW ECONOMY

07 SECTION ONE JOBS, GROWTH AND A NEW ECONOMY

1.1 INTRODUCTION “Over the year we have continued to make the case for an economy that The financial crash revealed the deep flaws in the economic works for ordinary British families.” model that the UK has followed since the 1980s. Deregulation and unchallenged finance failed At a European level, while 1.2 THE ECONOMY to deliver prosperity. While EU leaders insisted that the some efective first aid was crisis was over, the ETUC In the recent period growth applied in the wake of the crash, and TUC continued to argue finally began to pick up, with the coalition government then that financial markets had the economy growing by 0.8 sent the economy into reverse. been re-regulated but not per cent in the first quarter After years of stagnation, sufciently to prevent another of 2014. This was the fifth output is still barely back to crisis; that growth was uneven successive quarter of growth, where it was in 2008 and the and unsustainable; and that leaving GDP 3.1 per cent higher rewards of long-awaited growth unemployment was still very than in Q1 2013. Overall, GDP are far from fairly shared. high, especially for young was only 0.6 per cent below people. The ETUC therefore its pre-recession peak and The fight against austerity has adopted in November a New looked set to surpass that remained our central campaign Path for Europe – a plan for point in summer 2014. But, priority, and our work in this infrastructure investment, while gross value added in area has been guided by sustainable growth and services had already moved Composite 1, which set out the skilled work. The plan would beyond that mark, construction case for an active campaign lift Europe out of crisis by and production, by contrast, against spending cuts, and investing in sustainable growth still had some way to go. Composite 2, which charged and quality jobs by investing us with making the case for a an additional two per cent of Compared to previous stronger and fairer recovery. The GDP per year over 10 years, recessions, the recovery TUC has campaigned against creating 11 million new jobs. remained protracted. The cuts and wage freezes, and has recoveries from the 1970s, 1980s made the case for decent jobs, As part of the campaign for and 1990s recessions took GDP particularly for young people, this new investment plan, past its pre-recession peak in and investment in skills. We TUC President Mohammad Taj around three years. In contrast, have pressed for fair tax to stop addressed an ETUC-organised recovery from the most recent avoidance and evasion and alternative leaders’ summit recession has taken more than make those who profited most on 19 March to coincide with twice as long. See Figure 1. from the bubble pay the costs the European Spring Council; of clearing up the damage. We and a TUC delegation of 50 Furthermore, much GDP growth have also defended previously union representatives joined is simply a matter of a growing made gains that advance an ETUC demonstration population. Real GDP per capita equality, as women and BME, in Brussels on 4 April. had hardly grown at all since disabled and LGBT citizens 2009 and on this measure sufer as services are cut. Across Europe and the UK the contrast with previous a new model for economic recessions has been even As the recovery has finally growth is needed that is both more marked. See Figure 2. begun, we have continued sustainable and fair – not a to hold the government to return to business as usual. account. The economy failed to That is why our resistance to work for ordinary people well government policies has gone before the crash and, despite together with the research the recent and welcome return and thinking that can help of growth, the living standards build a new economy and the crisis continues for those on creation of good, fairly paid both low and middling incomes. jobs. Over the year we have continued to make the case for an economy that works for ordinary British families. 08 SECTION ONE

110 The submission also showed that despite some improvements in 105 the macroeconomic outlook, most people still felt that times 100 were tough. Only one person in fifty reported to have felt any benefit from recent economic 95 gains, and the ongoing fall in real Start of recession = 100 wages remained a significant 90 challenge. Following four years 1970s 1980s of real pay falls, our analysis 85 1990s showed it would be 2020 before 2000s most households even regained 80 the spending power of 2008. Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7 Q8 Q9 Q10 Q11 Q12 Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17 Q18 Q19 Q20 Q21 Real Household Disposable Income per head remained Figure 1: GDP growth in four recessions below its 2009 peak and was 110 actually lower than it was in mid-2012, when the pickup in GDP growth had begun. 105 Falling real incomes have been 100 driven by many divergent trends: poor jobs growth in 95 better-paid sectors, rocketing rates of underemployment, reductions in better-paid public 90 1970s 1980s sector positions and falling rates 1990s of nominal pay growth. While 2000s 85 employment levels have held up better than many predicted, 80 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7 Q8 Q9 Q10 Q11 Q12 Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17 Q18 Q19 Q20 Q21 the submission showed that the quality of the jobs our economy Figure 2: GDP per capita in four recessions is creating has been in freefall.

The TUC submission Finally, when UK GDP per capita In spring 2014 the TUC’s Budget therefore set out the case for is compared with other major Submission set out that, while government action to secure industrialised democracies, the prospects were certainly a better balanced recovery, UK has done nowhere near as better than they had been for supporting strategic sectors, well as the genuinely impressive some time, the government’s boosting investment and performances of many other economic decisions had putting measures in place developed nations. While the forced the UK to endure years to ensure that the beneﬁts return to growth has been of unnecessary stagnation of productivity gains were welcome, years of economic and wasted potential. shared fairly across society. mismanagement have had a substantial impact upon the UK’s economic fortunes.

09 SECTION ONE JOBS, GROWTH AND A NEW ECONOMY

In line with Composite 3, which In April the TUC published a set out a number of important widely noticed analysis of the priorities on banking policy, the role of self-employment in the TUC called for action to boost recovery, pointing out that it bank lending to business, and The accounted for 44 per cent of for government to support the rise in employment since a properly resourced state Gender 2010. A disproportionate share investment bank, with a capital Jobs Split of this increase was accounted base that would allow it to How young men and women for by pensioners, part-time make a substantial diference experience the labour market self-employed workers and to infrastructure investment odd-jobbers. The number of across the country. In addition self-employed people who we also continued to make the either run a business or are a case for wider banking reform. partner or sole director in one (positions usually associated Over the year the TUC also with entrepreneurship) had published a quarterly analysis by Ian Brinkley, Katy Jones & Neil Lee actually fallen, suggesting of key economic trends, that rising self-employment which set out the progress of was part of a wider shift the recovery and its impacts towards insecure employment, for people at work. It also 1.3 THE LABOUR rather than as a result of a published several standalone MARKET growing number of people economic reports, considering starting up new companies. issues of particular signiﬁcance While headline employment for UK growth prospects. trends since Congress 2013 A further reason for concern This included a feature on have been positive, top-level about the employment recovery investment, which discussed improvements have masked is the fact that it has not been the UK’s growing investment concerning underlying trends. shared equally across the gap, which was nearly £50bn in Most months have seen a country. In January, a TUC 2013. Our analysis showed that new record for the number of Economic Report looked at the investment had actually fallen people in employment and a labour market in the regions of as a share of GDP since mid- further reduction in the number England. Despite the national 2010, and that the gap between unemployed. The TUC has increase in employment, planned and actual investment welcomed this news, but has people’s chances of having a levels continued to rise. also shown that the story of job had fallen in four English the labour market in 2013–14 regions – the West Midlands, The TUC also provided has been more complex than the north-west, north-east regular economic comment these headlines suggest. and south-west. By contrast, on the Touchstone blog. individuals’ job prospects in One worry has been the London and the East of England growth of self-employment. had increased since 2008. Self-employment does not explain the whole of the rise in employment, but it has accounted for a very large share. The recent period of employment growth began in the late summer of 2011; in the next 30 months overall employment grew by a substantial 1.4 million but self-employment accounted over 400,000 of these jobs.

10 SECTION ONE

Table 1: Mar–May Feb–Apr gender on the bottom end of 2008 (%) 2014 (%) the youth labour market and the creation of specialist youth Part-time proportion of employment 25.3 26.7 and employment services.

Temporary proportion of employment 5.6 6.5 In June the TUC continued this focus with the publication of Proportion of part-time who could not Equitable Full Employment, find full-time job 9.1 17.5 commissioned from Paul Bivand and Tony Wilson of Inclusion. Proportion of temporary who could not This Touchstone Extra pamphlet find full-time job 25.1 35.9 showed that the recent rise in employment has been driven by fewer people leaving their jobs, rather than more people finding Table 2: new work. The report, launched at a seminar at Westminster Aged 16–24 unemployed (000s) with Rachel Reeves MP, Shadow Secretary of State for Work and Mar–May 2008 685 Pensions, revealed that people with low or no qualifications Sep–Nov 2011 1,039 have sufered declining employment opportunities Feb–Apr 2014 853 over the past 20 years and that young people not in full-time education, who were once more likely than the average to be in “Full employment Full employment therefore employment, are now less likely. therefore continues continues to be an important TUC policy goal. The TUC’s goal to be an important is not merely to return to the TUC policy goal.” high employment levels that pertained before the recession, but to make sure that the In the early stages of the benefits of high employment current jobs recovery, much are spread fairly. In November, of the jobs growth was in the TUC published The Gender part-time and temporary Jobs Split, commissioned from employment. That is less of a Ian Brinkley, Katy Jones and Neil factor now, and the increase Lee of the Work Foundation. in recent months has not This study looked at how young been disproportionate. But men and young women have the recent growth of full-time fared in the labour market over permanent employment has the past 20 years and found not yet restored the pre- that between 1993 and 2011 recession situation, and part- the share of young women in time, involuntary part-time, employment doing low-paid temporary and involuntary work had increased from 7 to temporary employment all 21 per cent; for young men the account for too high a share increase had been from 14 to 25 of employment. See Table 1. per cent. The report (launched at a seminar at Congress House) It is a similar picture when we called for the use of public look at youth unemployment, procurement to guarantee which has fallen substantially more hiring and training since 2011, but remains above opportunities for young people, pre-recession levels. See Table 2. focusing polices addressing 11 SECTION ONE JOBS, GROWTH AND A NEW ECONOMY

House prices are rising sharply, especially in London and the south-east. © Photofusion/Rex Features Ltd

1.4 WORKING TIME

Over the last year much of the TUC’s focus has been on combating underemployment, as far too many people still work part-time when they want a full-time job.

However, there is also a growing problem with excessive working time. The number of employees working long hours has increased by 10 per cent to 3.3 million during the past year. The TUC has continued to lobby for better rules on long hours, but has met with implacable opposition from the government.

The TUC's eleventh annual Work In addition, the TUC lobbied “The TUC has Your Proper Hours Day was held to improve the enforcement opposed the on 1 March 2014, continuing of paid holidays by making the campaign against the HM Revenue and Customs greater part of overuse of unpaid overtime. responsible for enforcement. the government’s Ofcial figures suggest that The broad goal has been around two million employees housing policy.” to try to reconcile the hour do not receive their statutory and patterns of work that minimum entitlement of 5.6 people want with what weeks’ paid annual leave. The TUC has opposed they can actually get. The issue was picked up by the greater part of the Alan Buckle’s report to the government’s housing We have also argued for more Labour Party on low pay. policy. We argued that the access to flexible working. government’s help-to-buy The law on flexible working programme has been poorly was extended in June 2014. targeted. As predicted, the 1.5 HOUSING right-to-buy programme The TUC has continued to has signally failed to deliver campaign with WorkWiseUK, The TUC’s work on housing one-for-one replacement a coalition of business has been guided by Composite for council house sales. organisations promoting 6 from the 2013 Congress. flexible working and quality A strong concern has been home working, contributing Over the year we have lobbied that house prices have risen to commute smart week government and opposition on sharply, especially in London (11–15 November 2013) housing, calling for a massive and the south-east. This and national work-from- programme of building social has been largely due to the home day (16 May 2014). and afordable housing, with a lack of housing supply. The strong role for local authorities. house-building sector is still depressed. Figures for new We have also campaigned housing starts have begun for better regulation of the to recover, but remain well private sector and more below pre-recession levels. secure tenancies, working alongside campaign groups like Shelter, UK Uncut, Priced Out and Generation Rent. 12 SECTION ONE

We also argued in the TUC’s 2014 Budget Submission that investing in homes was £1.40Every £1 spent on housing generates not only implicitly desirable a further £1.40. Oxford Economics in its own right, but also an efective way of stimulating the broader economy, citing Oxford Budget 2014 included policy the carbon tax, and for a new Economics, which calculates changes the TUC had called for, tripartite Energy Intensive that every £1 spent on housing including relief (from 2016) from Industries Council to develop generates a further £1.40. some of industry’s costs arising a long-term strategy for the from the government’s carbon energy-intensives industries. tax and Renewables Obligation, and an improved support On behalf of the General 1.6 ENERGY package for energy-intensive Council, the TUC’s work on industries. The government’s CCS in the past year was The TUC’s work on industrial response was a tacit admittance progressed by the TUC’s strategy for a low-carbon that UK heavy energy users Clean Coal Task Group (a joint economy has been guided were indeed at a competitive industry–trade union body). by Composite 4, (security of disadvantage compared with In January 2014, the TUC energy supply and energy our EU and global competitors and the Carbon Capture and intensive industries), which as a result of UK policies. Storage Association (CCSA) called for a government-led jointly published The Economic sectoral strategy for the UK’s But subsequent feedback from Beneﬁts of CCS in the UK, energy intensive industries to industry, analysed by the TUC, highlighting why the economy maximise their competiveness showed that delaying these would be more productive and supply chain opportunities. measures until 2016 would with CCS, which ofers a The composite set out that prolong industry’s competitive competitive way to reduce investment in carbon capture disadvantages, while entire carbon emission and provides and storage (CCS) technology sectors such as ceramics and security for energy-intensive was essential for both power cement and lime manufacture industries, and would protect supply and heavy industry. were ofered scant relief. At a and create thousands of jobs Furthermore, noting that conference on the report held in in industrial regions. The report thousands of highly skilled the House of Commons in June was successfully launched jobs were at risk, Congress 2014, industry representatives both in Parliament and in the also renewed its support for supported the TUC’s call for Yorkshire & the Humber region. the coal mining industry. immediate further action on

In support of our energy- intensive industries, the TUC Surface manager Dave Lewis tells George Osborne published Walking the Carbon to keep jobs at Thoresby Colliery, Nottinghamshire, one of the country’s three remaining deep-pit coal mines. Tightrope (March 2014), an © PA/Press Association Images independent analysis by Orion Innovations of the substantial pressures that companies in the steel, ceramics, cement manufacture and other industries face in making a just transition to a modern, low- carbon economy. The joint study with the Energy Intensive Users Group demonstrated that the government had not struck the right balance between industrial competitiveness and climate change policy. The study informed the TUC’s 2014 Budget Submission. 13 SECTION ONE JOBS, GROWTH AND A NEW ECONOMY

For much of 2014, the TUC has In November 2013, the TUC Economic Report Series 2014 been working with mining unions was represented on the to avert the closure of two of the ITUC’s delegation to the UK’s three remaining deep coal UN Framework Convention mines – UK Coal’s operations on Climate Change in at Thoresby (Nottinghamshire) Warsaw. The TUC endorsed and Kellingley (Yorkshire). a call by the ITUC General Some 1,300 skilled jobs are Council in Berlin for the UN at risk and hundreds more in to complete an ambitious open-cast sites and suppliers. climate change treaty at its The government has proposed Convention in Paris in 2015. plans for the ‘managed closure’ of UK Coal’s two pits by 2015. The Trade Unions Sustainable The Union Efect: However, the TUC and mining Development Advisory greening the workplace unions believe an alternative Committee (TUSDAC) has plan should be adopted whereby progressed much of the TUC’s the government would seek work on climate change and approval from the EU to provide industrial policy on behalf state aid support for our mining of the General Council. The operations out to 2018. The high-level TUSDAC Policy merits of state aid were set Group is co-chaired by Sue out in an analysis presented to Ferns, director of research and In July 2014, the TUC hosted ministers, providing job security communications, Prospect, the a conference for trade union and a potentially cost-efective GC’s lead on the environment, environmental reps, where it use of public funds. and a Defra minister. In published The Union Efect: discussions with Defra, the Greening the workplace, TUSDAC Policy Group has: a review of joint unions– made representations on the management eforts to reduce 1.7 THE ENVIRONMENT funding capacity of the Forestry the carbon footprint of their Commission and Forest operations in six organisations In response to a growing Research and its continuing (Allianz Insurance, Defra (York), scepticism in government and role as a public sector body; EDF Energy, Furzedown Low in the media, the TUC’s annual pressed for new statutory duties Carbon Zone, Great Ormond climate change conference for fire and rescue services Street Hospital and the Port (October 2013), focused on in their response to floods of Felixstowe). The conference the theme Green Growth: and other extreme weather was addressed by the Assistant No Turning Back. A keynote events; and progressed cross- General Secretary, Kay address from Professor Julia Whitehall green workplace Carberry, and shadow DECC Slingo, chief scientist at the Met projects led by PCS, the FDA Minister, Tom Greatrex MP, Ofce, set out the evidence that and Prospect trade unions. while the study underpinned climate change is unequivocal, the TUC’s case for new is due to human influences, and TUSDAC has also coordinated: workplace rights in this area. is leading to extreme weather the TUC’s contributions to events such as witnessed in the Green Economy Council’s England last winter. The case review of the eleven BIS for a low-carbon growth story, sector strategies; the TUC’s as part of a strategy to revive support for the Energy Bill the economy, was highlighted Revolution campaign on in a contribution from John home insulation and fuel Ashton, former Special poverty; and submissions to Representative for Climate the government’s ‘balance of Change at the Foreign and competences review’ on EU Commonwealth Ofce, and was environment policy. The group developed in workshops on also supported an expert green investment, technology briefing on the economic and greening the workplace. and environmental impacts of shale gas fracking. 14 SECTION ONE

1.8 CORPORATE required to promote the long- decisions were sought. At the GOVERNANCE AND term interests of the company other end, three respondents WORKERS’ CAPITAL as their overall priority, rather supported less than 20 per cent than prioritising shareholder of management proposals. Promoting the case for interests as at present. It also workers’ voice in corporate argued that shareholders’ However, the survey found that governance and in particular corporate governance rights there had been an increase worker representation on should be subject to a minimum in respondents’ willingness company boards has been period of shareholding of to challenge companies over a major theme of the TUC’s two years. The report went remuneration. In last year’s corporate governance work on to discuss the case for survey, three respondents over the year. This is covered workers’ representation in supported over 80 per cent of in detail in the section on corporate governance, as the remuneration reports where workers’ voice in Section four. also set out in Section four. votes were sought. This year only one did so. Remuneration The TUC has continued to In November, the TUC published remained the issue that almost argue that the priority given to the Fund Manager Voting all (26 out of 27) investors shareholder interests and rights Survey 2013 to coincide with said they were most likely to in UK corporate governance is the TUC Trustee Conference. oppose management over, ﬂawed and should be reformed, The report showed once and was the issue most often and this was discussed in the again a clear divide among mentioned as a focus of report Workers on Board: investors in their willingness their engagement activity. The case for workers’ voice to challenge management. At in corporate governance. The one end of the spectrum, two All but one of the survey report argued that directors’ respondents supported over respondents made at least some duties should be reformed so 85 per cent of management voting data publicly available, that company directors are proposals on which voting though the quality of disclosure still varied considerably.

Trade Union Share Owners (TUSO), an initiative launched in March 2013 bringing together union funds to vote in line with trade union values at company AGMs, completed its ﬁrst year of activity. TUSO was one of a number of signatories of a letter to the Financial Reporting Review Panel coordinated by the High Pay Centre. The letter presented evidence showing that requirements for companies to show how they took the wages of ordinary company workers into account when setting remuneration for company directors had been largely ignored, and asked the Panel to investigate. TUSO also supported an initiative led by UNISON to ask pension funds via their members to put pressure on energy companies to pay the living wage.

15 SECTION ONE JOBS, GROWTH AND A NEW ECONOMY

In addition, TUSO supported In October 2013, Janet The campaign also aims a shareholder resolution Williamson from the TUC gave a to stop the privatisation of at National Express that presentation about TUSO to the the East Coast franchise. In aimed to improve the way CWC’s Conference ‘Shifting to November, Action for Rail joined the company managed its the Long Term’ in Washington. campaign group We Own It workforce in its US subsidiary, to deliver a 23,000 signature Durham School Services. The petition to Westminster, and in resolution was filed by three March we took the East Coast local authority pension funds, 1.9 TRANSPORT campaign to the Lib Dem the US union the Brotherhood Spring Conference in York. of Teamsters and 100 individual Public ownership of our shareholders, including many railways continued to be at Action for Rail and campaigners company workers and union the forefront of the TUC and from Disabled People Against members. It called for the rail unions’ Action for Rail Cuts held a day of action in remit of the board’s Safety campaign, in furtherance of October to support London and Environmental Committee Composite 12. Public ownership Underground workers in to be expanded to include is still high on the political furtherance of Emergency oversight of human capital agenda, and the Labour Resolution 6 and Composite strategy. It also asked the leadership has supported Resolution 12. In October, company to adopt a workplace calls to retain the East Coast Action for Rail and the human rights policy based Main Line in public hands. International Transport on compliance with globally Federation (ITF) campaigners recognised standards and to Network Rail becomes a public demonstrated outside the report annually to shareholders body from September 2014, and European Commission's on implementation of the policy. more than three-quarters of rail ofces to oppose The Fourth The TUC General Secretary franchises are up for renewal Railway Package. In February, wrote to members of the TUC in 2015–2020. This ofers a following joint Action for Rail Trustee Network asking for their significant opportunity to bring and ITF actions, MEPs voted support for the resolution. The large parts of the industry under to reject the forced opening vote in favour was almost 13 public ownership following the up of passenger rail services. per cent; including abstentions, election. The TUC continued Action for Rail will continue to just under 15 per cent of the to work with rail unions and campaign against the package. total votes were cast against academics to develop a company management on business case, which we are The government is pressing this resolution. This compares pressing with government and ahead with its refranchising with an average of six per the Labour Party policy review. process, awarding contracts cent support for shareholder for Thameslink, Southern and resolutions on social and A number of days of action Great Northern and the Essex environmental issues filed were held in support of public Thameside services. Both in the last decade at UK ownership, with a national services are likely to see job public companies (including mobilisation on 5 November cuts, closure of ticket ofces BP, Shell and Tesco). to mark the 20th anniversary and the removal of guards. of rail privatisation. All regions The TUC contributed to the and Wales have also supported Action for Rail commissioned Committee for Workers’ campaign days on public research, The Impact of Capital’s (CWC) third ownership, rail fares and Efciency Savings on Network Proxy Review in 2013. The stafng and safety issues. Rail Staf, highlighted serious report identified significant concerns about safety and shareholder votes on social, operations resulting from environmental and corporate budgets and stafng cuts governance issues from a range made in 2009–2019. of countries. The TUC, working with PIRC, provided the UK votes included in the Review.

16 SECTION ONE

The late Bob Crow campaigning for public ownership of the railways. © TUC 1.10 TAX

The TUC continued to make the case for fair taxation.

In December, we published a briefing that set out the limitations of the government’s general anti-abuse rule (GAAR), where we showed that the new provisions would still allow 99 per cent of tax abuse to continue unchecked. Under the regulations all potential abuse is subject to a ‘double reasonableness’ test where a tax loophole is allowed to be used unless it cannot reasonably be regarded as a reasonable course of action. This efectively In the run up to the general The TUC has continued to allows all widespread tax election, Action for Rail support calls for further airport abuse to pass the test. is working with the All capacity in London and the on Board coalition led by south-east. This is important Any new anti-avoidance Compass, which aims to build to protect and promote jobs rules also have to be agreed broad support for public and economic growth in by a panel of experts. The ownership of our railways. the UK, but must be done qualification criteria are in a way that is mindful of such that these experts will The TUC sits on the HS2 environmental concerns. In inevitably be drawn from tax Growth Taskforce and January, the TUC met with firms or the tax departments contributed to its report, Aviation at London First, which of businesses – the very people which made recommendations campaigns for cross-party likely to take advantage of to government including consensus on future airport the loopholes the panel is ensuring HS2 Ltd has strong capacity. The TUC remains in supposed to be closing down. working relationships with its regular contact with Heathrow contractors and workforces; and other organisations In addition, there are no local authorities putting in seeking a long-term solution penalties for using a loophole place new local models to to the capacity issue. that is under investigation link workforces to HS2 job by the GAAR. This means opportunities; and procurement On the roads, the long hours there are no disincentives for processes requiring suppliers to worked by professional drivers companies to continue using meet the highest standards for continues to be a concern. these loopholes to avoid Apprenticeships, job creation And in the bus industry, the tax, until such point as the and skills development. TUC has continued to lobby GAAR finally calls time on a hard for the introduction of particular tax avoidance plan. a Quality Contract Scheme in the Tyne and Wear region, which could become the first major urban area outside of London to introduce regulation of the local bus services, capturing a greater slice of bus company profits to reinvest in services and subsidised fares for the community.

17 SECTION ONE JOBS, GROWTH AND A NEW ECONOMY

The TUC also published a report 1.11 INDUSTRIAL The Way of the Dragon also demonstrating that, despite POLICY warned that the rules of the government’s claims, its international trade would policy of raising the income This year’s TUC activity be determined in future by tax personal allowance helped on industrial policy has powerful economic blocs, those on higher incomes far been guided by Composite including the US, China and more than those with the lowest 2 (‘Economic Policy’), the EU. A British withdrawal earnings. We showed that one Composite 5 (‘Arts Funding’) from the European Union in four employed women would and Resolution 15 (‘Maritime would threaten the UK’s ability see no benefit at all from the Skills’), all of which were to influence these rules. widely promoted tax change, carried at Congress 2013. and argued that the policy was A seminar to launch The Way both costly and poorly targeted. In April 2014, the TUC launched of the Dragon was chaired The Way of The Dragon: What by the BBC’s Chief Business The TUC continues to help run can the UK learn from the rise Correspondent, Linda Yueh. the Robin Hood Tax campaign of China and East Asia? This Other speakers included Martin for a financial transactions tax is the latest in a series of TUC Jacques, author of When (FTT), and plays a leading role reports looking at industrial China Rules the World, Terry in the European and global and economic developments Scuoler, Chief Executive of FTT campaigns. Domestically, across the world, with a view the EEF, and Paul Nowak, TUC the campaign has continued to how the UK should respond. Assistant General Secretary. to win support from councils The report set out a number across Britain, with 60 councils of recommendations for UK Trade unions were represented now supporting the campaign, policy. These included: at this year’s BIS Manufacturing with backing from councillors Summit in Liverpool by Rick from all parties represented ! to use China’s Five Year Plans Graham of Unite and Lynn in Parliament except the as guides to where the UK Collins and Tim Page of the Conservative Party. The may be able to export to a TUC. The summit, held in June, campaign has also secured rapidly developing China heard from Deputy Prime significant publicity criticising Minister Nick Clegg, Business bank bonuses and produced a ! to increase the budget of the Secretary Vince Cable and new campaign video, starring Technology Strategy Board Business Minister Michael Fallon. Bill Nighy, about what the and to deepen and widen UK’s isolation would look the work of the Catapult Trade unions are represented on like in 2024, a decade after Centres, thereby helping to most of the new industry sector the introduction of the tax in narrow the gap between the councils, with Frances O’Grady Europe. This was shown to the UK’s level of research and being a member of the ‘Council General Council in February. development and that of of Councils’. The Council of countries like South Korea Councils brings together the In Europe, 11 EU members chairs of each industry sector have continued to negotiate ! to consider ways of attracting council, along with the TUC the implementation of an FTT more Chinese students to and CBI, and is chaired by through the Enhanced Co- study in the UK, and in doing Vince Cable. Tim Page has operation Procedure. A legal so building the business and continued to represent the challenge from the British cultural links of tomorrow TUC on the Manufacturing government was rejected by Action Group (MAG), an ad- the European Court of Justice ! to increase the teaching hoc body ofering advice in April, which the TUC used of Mandarin in the UK. to government on industrial to reinforce the call for the matters. The TUC is represented UK to take part in the tax on MAG alongside the CBI, once implemented. In June, EEF, GKN and the Institute of the TUC joined with other Manufacturing at the University campaigners around the world of Cambridge. Tim Page also to press governments to serves on the Advisory Board support an FTT to get 29 million to the House of Commons All more children into school. Party Manufacturing Group,

18 SECTION ONE

co-chaired by Chris White MP 1.12 PROCUREMENT and Barry Sheerman MP. In May, the TUC was represented The revised EU public at a BIS event reviewing the procurement directives entered progress of the Catapult into force in March. The TUC network, led by the technology worked closely with ETUC entrepreneur Hermann Hauser. to secure commitments to respect collective agreements, In this pre-election year, the build social, environmental TUC has also been engaging and economic objectives with the Labour opposition into award criteria and to regarding the development exclude bidders with a track of industrial policy. The TUC of record of blacklisting and General Secretary met with other breaches of labour law. Mike Wright, Executive Director of Jaguar Land Rover, who has The government has two years 1.13 GLOBAL TRADE conducted a review of Britain’s to implement the directive manufacturing supply chain for but has announced it wants to The TUC has continued to Labour. The TUC also submitted fast track this process and the advocate global trade justice. written evidence to the Wright Cabinet Ofce will be consulting Before the Bali round of the Review. Tim Page attended on this over the summer. WTO in December, the General and contributed to an evidence Secretary wrote to Vince Cable session of Lord Adonis’s growth The TUC has established to call for talks to promote review, which took place at a working group, to share sustainable development. the University of Cambridge information and co-ordinate The TUC raised concerns that in December 2013, and the activity around international negotiations on the Trade TUC also made a written and domestic developments in Services Agreement, a submission to the review. in relation to procurement. multilateral agreement between The group has looked at the 50 countries including the In February 2014, the TUC potential impact of TTIP on UK, did not have civil society Alliance for Science met UK procurement as well as oversight and threatened to with the Shadow Science preparing a trade union position undermine public services. Minister, Liam Byrne. in view of the forthcoming government consultation On the Transatlantic Trade and Tim Page has continued to on the implementing the Investment Partnership (TTIP) attend quarterly meetings of new EU directive. between the EU and USA, the the Federation of Entertainment Executive Committee adopted Unions, where he gives a The TUC continues to meet a policy in July 2013 in line regular update of TUC activity with BIS and the Cabinet Ofce with that of the ETUC and and supports unions with and, in addition, will be seeking AFL-CIO, supporting a TTIP their campaigning priorities. to inﬂuence the Labour Party’s that creates decent jobs and position on procurement higher wages, improves labour The TUC has continued to and outsourcing as part of standards and worker voice, support the work of the its policy review process. while opposing investor-state EPSRC Centre for Innovative dispute settlement (ISDS), Manufacturing in Industrial the further liberalisation or Sustainability, with the TUC privatisation of public services represented on its High and undermining of regulatory Level Group, which provides protections and workers’ rights. direction and strategic The TUC has helped further advice to the centre. develop ETUC policy and joint statements with the AFL-CIO.

19 SECTION ONE JOBS, GROWTH AND A NEW ECONOMY

The General Secretary met EU The TUC held a roundtable in monthly e-bulletin, International Trade Commissioner Karel De June where unions discussed Development Matters, with Gucht at Davos in January as key concerns and issues for over 5,000 subscribers. part of an ETUC delegation their sector and planned future and raised concerns about campaigns against ISDS and The TUC has pressed the ISDS. The following week, to protect public services government to include decent the European Commission and maintain standards. work and social protection, took the unprecedented along with education for all and step of announcing a public With the ETUC and Canadian quality public services, in the consultation on the investment Labour Congress, the TUC UN sustainable development chapter of TTIP, including called for public service goals due to replace the ISDS. The TUC submitted exemptions and scrapping Millennium Development Goals evidence strongly opposing ISDS in the EU-Canada when they expire in 2015. In ISDS in TTIP or any other trade trade agreement (CETA), addition, the TUC has urged agreement, and supported an which the EU and Canadian that DFID private sector e-action that resulted in more government ‘agreed’ in development policies ensure than 20,000 submissions. In October 2013 but which has British businesses behave June Ignacio Bercero, EU Chief not yet been finalised. responsibly (see Section Four Trade Negotiator, discussed the on Bangladesh) in line with protection of public services The TUC nominated Bert UN Guiding Principles and and excluding ISDS from TTIP, Schouwenberg, GMB, to sit on ILO core labour standards. as well as the need to involve an EU Domestic Advisory Group unions in negotiations, with (DAG) for the EU-Colombia- The General Secretary pressed public service unions and Peru free trade agreement the Chancellor ahead of the members of the Executive (FTA) to monitor adherence autumn and spring World Committee. Rosa Crawford to ILO core conventions. Bank and IMF meetings to was employee group expert The FTA was ratified by support a genuine global for an EU Economic and Social Parliament in December, economic recovery through Committee study group that despite TUC opposition. action to bolster demand produced an Opinion in June and increase employment, arguing that TTIP must respect underscoring the need for labour standards and protect both institutions to support states’ rights to regulate. 1.14 INTERNATIONAL coherent labour market policies. DEVELOPMENT The General Secretary has The TUC took part in the ITUC discussed TTIP at bilateral Gail Cartmail has continued Trade Union Development meetings with Vince Cable, and as spokesperson for the Cooperation Network, including Owen Tudor represents the TUC General Council, chairing the a workshop in November on on the BIS stakeholder group International Development private sector development on TTIP. The TUC and several Group, which brings together in Barcelona; the AGM in Sao unions submitted written and unions and NGOs and met Paulo in March covering HIV/ oral evidence to a House of five times, including a special AIDS, women’s empowerment, Lords Inquiry into TTIP. Several meeting with Jim Murphy and the rights of disabled TTIP All-Party Parliamentary MP, Shadow International people; and an ILO seminar Group meetings have featured Development Secretary. She on union lobbying on post- unions: in January, the General co-chairs (with DFID Minister 2015 sustainable development Secretary spoke on a panel Lynne Featherstone MP) the goals in Geneva in June. with the Director-General of the Department for International CBI and the Chief Executive of Development (DFID)-TUC the Consumers’ Association. union forum on international Union representatives spoke development, which met twice at subsequent events on to discuss union development automotive manufacturing, work and DFID policies on textiles, pharmaceuticals, education, equality, forced chemicals and agriculture, labour and labour rights. The food and drink. TUC continues to publish a

20 SECTION ONE

1.15 LEARNING In January the TUC General INDUSTRIAL PARTNERSHIPS AND SKILLS Secretary was a keynote AND SKILLS speaker at the launch of the Over the past year the General UKCES’s biennial Employer The TUC has also continued to Council has continued to Skills Survey. As in previous make the case for a skills system highlight the importance of years, this survey shows that a that draws on key aspects of prioritising investment in third of all employers are still the most successful models in learning and skills in order to not ofering any form of training other European countries where support economic recovery to their staf. The latest edition social partnership arrangements and tackle unemployment, also shows that the total volume allow for long-term strategies especially youth unemployment. of employer training continues incorporating both industrial to decline year-on-year and that and skills priorities. The TUC is The UK Commission for the national skills deficit is likely broadly supportive of the new Employment and Skills (UKCES) to act as a brake on economic industrial partnerships currently advises the government on recovery due to growing being funded under the skills policy and the trade union problems filling vacancies Employer Ownership Pilot, while members are Gail Cartmail, because of skills shortages. also highlighting the need for Frances O’Grady, Dave Prentis safeguards to ensure a proper and STUC General Secretary The TUC has also continued to voice for unions and significant Grahame Smith. The TUC is highlight the growing evidence financial contributions by also represented on other that the UK’s lacklustre employers. Three IPs have national skills bodies, including productivity performance been launched during the the Skills Funding Agency. over recent years is strongly year. Energy and Utilities, influenced by our poor creative skills and Science. Other aspects of the work performance on skills. As well of the TUC and unionlearn as the continuing problems In autumn 2013 the TUC and on education and skills, with core skills highlighted unionlearn worked closely with including supporting the Union by the OECD, a number of UKCES to organise a high-level Learning Fund and union academic analyses point roundtable discussion involving learning reps, can be found to the need to strengthen senior employers and trade in Sections Three and Five. our vocational system to union ofcials that was jointly enable many more citizens hosted by the UKCES Chair, the to progress to intermediate TUC General Secretary and the THE SKILLS DEFICIT and higher-level skills. CBI Director-General. Only one partnership – the Energy and During the past year the TUC In its 2014 Budget Submission Efciency Industrial Partnership has highlighted major new the TUC highlighted that – has been launched to date research findings evidencing the latest public spending but a number of others are the scale of the skills challenge projections will lead to the adult due to be come on stream and the ramifications of this skills budget being reduced during the summer and for economic competitiveness by a fifth over the coming autumn of this year. In April the and social cohesion. In autumn two years, comprising a cut unionlearn Board discussed the 2013 the OECD published a of nearly £0.5bn. At the same prospective role for unions in groundbreaking international time an increasing number the new industrial partnerships adult skills survey showing of adults are being required and also the long-term future that, compared with other to fund their own training. of Sector Skills Councils. countries, many more of our The TUC submission argued Unionlearn followed up on citizens lack the essential skills that the government should this by organising meetings in English and maths needed urgently reconsider the scale of union representatives to fulfil their potential at work of the forthcoming cuts to on all sector bodies to get and in the wider community. the skills budget and that it their feedback on the latest should also review the options sectoral developments. for establishing some form of training tax relief for adults.

21 SECTION ONE JOBS, GROWTH AND A NEW ECONOMY

SKILLS PROGRAMMES “The UK’s lacklustre productivity performance over recent years The General Council continues to give strong support to the is strongly influenced by our Apprenticeship programme poor performance on skills.” while also pressing government to address some key policy SECTION2 TWO challenges, in particular the Unionlearn has been involved In February the TUC submitted need to improve quality and in leading an EU-funded evidence to the House of FAIR PAY AND standards, increase employer project, on behalf of the ETUC, Commons Business, Innovation participation and tackle equality to map union involvement and Skills Select Committee A LIVING WAGE of access. Over the past year with Apprenticeships across inquiry on adult literacy and the unionlearn campaign I’m the EU and the final report numeracy and the Director of an Apprentice, Value Me has was published in 2014. unionlearn gave oral evidence highlighted the significant to the Committee. The TUC exploitation of the 29 per The TUC has continued to submission highlighted that cent of apprentices who are press the government to widen adult learning programmes are currently being paid below the access to learning and skills highly efective when delivered national minimum wage rate. opportunities that would help in a workplace environment Unionlearn also published a more young people achieve and tailored to vocational new research report on under- sustainable employment, needs and the jobs that representation by gender especially those at most risk people do. It also evidenced and race in Apprenticeships of long-term unemployment. the major contribution that and this was launched at In this context unionlearn has union learning has delivered in a major event in April. used the ‘TUC Charter for supporting innovative learning Traineeships’ to promote the approaches in the workplace. The TUC has continued to criteria for a quality traineeship support the broad policy that unions could give their The TUC has also continued thrust of the implementation support to and also to help to highlight the dramatic of the Richard Review of unions identify any instances downturn in the number of Apprenticeships through of the programme being students enrolling on part-time ‘trailblazer’ activity in use to exploit young people. HE degree courses in recent specific sectors. The focus Unionlearn has also engaged years and called for reforms of the review on raising the in discussions with the CBI and to tackle this, including a quality of Apprenticeships is the Prince’s Trust to agree joint relaxation of the equivalent welcome but there is a need statements on traineeships and or lower qualification policy, to develop a genuine industry- work experience that would which prohibits loans to those led approach, including union further promote the ‘quality who already have a degree. involvement at all levels. criteria’ in the TUC Charter.

Earlier this year the TUC responded to the government’s ) consultation on proposed changes to the funding of Apprenticeships involving channelling funding direct to employers rather than colleges and providers as at present. In its response the TUC emphasised the importance of requiring all employers to make a ﬁnancial contribution to Apprenticeships before government funding can be triggered under any new system.

22 SECTION2 TWO FAIR PAY AND A LIVING WAGE

23 SECTION TWO FAIR PAY AND A LIVING WAGE

2.1 INTRODUCTION “The most efective measure for raising wages across the board would be the Earnings growth has been slow since the 2013 Congress. extension of collective bargaining.” In April 2008, at the start of the recession, average weekly earnings (total pay) for the Furthermore, household The 2014 conference on pay whole economy stood at £439. incomes have also fallen, except bargaining organised by the By April 2014, six years later, for those in the top fifth, which TUC and Incomes Data Services this figure had risen less than have seen their real incomes (IDS) took place on Tuesday 25 nine per cent, to £478. In that rise. Earnings from employment February in Congress House. month, the average annual account for three-quarters The theme was ‘A Decent rate of increase was just 0.7 of the average working age Pay System’ and the event per cent. (For comparison, family’s income and earnings combined a discussion about average weekly earnings in from self-employment for the design of a better pay April 2014 were 52 per cent another nine per cent. system with realistic guidance higher than in April 2000.) and information for union As well as the human cost ofcers. Sessions covered pay TUC analysis across the of falling real wages, the benchmarking, pay progression, year showed what this living economy has also sufered. performance management, standards squeeze meant for The UK is demand-deficient, skills and lessons from union households across the UK, with and it is a sign of the depth successes. The keynote speaker recent years real terms cuts in of the problem that some was Ed Sweeney, former Deputy average pay leaving the average surprising public figures have General Secretary of Amicus worker £40 a week worse of in cautiously said that wages and retiring chair of ACAS. real terms than before the crisis. need to increase to sustain the economy, including the Across the year pay in the So despite the emerging Director General of the CBI, public sector has continued economic recovery the real the Governor of the Bank of to be held back, as outlined in value of wages (the value of England and the MD of the Section Three. But in the private earnings once price rises are International Monetary Fund. sector average weekly earnings taken into account) continues increases have also been very to fall. Work is no longer a sure The most efective measure subdued, rarely over two per route out of poverty. Indeed, for raising wages across the cent for the last two years. a Joseph Rowntree report board would be the extension But, for most of this period, found last year that, for the of collective bargaining. median pay settlements, as first time ever, the majority of However, the TUC also looks recorded by IDS, IRS and the the 13 million people in the UK to develop institutions where Labour Research Department living below the poverty line trade unions can play an have been significantly higher. were in households where at important part in establishing least one member of the family decent minimum standards was working. See Figure 3. to prevent exploitation and lift people out of poverty.

In this context of depressed wages and falling living standards, pay has been a signiﬁcant TUC campaign priority over the year. Work on fair pay issues has been informed by Resolutions 23 and 24 and Composite 7 from the 2013 TUC Congress.

24 SECTION TWO

Real wages 6 AWE (total pay) RPI

-2

-4

-6 2001 MAR 2001 JUL 2001 NOV 2002 MAR 2002 JUL 2002 NOV 2003 MAR 2003 JUL 2003 NOV 2004 MAR 2004 JUL 2004 NOV 2005 MAR 2005 JUL 2005 NOV 2006 MAR 2006 JUL 2006 NOV 2007 MAR 2007 JUL 2007 NOV 2008 MAR 2008 JUL 2008 NOV 2009 MAR 2009 JUL 2009 NOV 2010 MAR 2010 JUL 2010 NOV 2011 MAR 2011 JUL 2011 NOV 2012 MAR 2012 JUL 2012 NOV 2012 MAR 2013 JUL 2013 NOV 2014 MAR

Figure 3: Average weekly earnings, RPI & real wages.

Average weekly earnings 2.2 CAMPAIGNING In December, the TUC showed ﬁgures and pay settlements FOR FAIR PAY that the cost of living squeeze often diverge. Labour market was putting a growing number economists are used to average Over the year the TUC of low-income households at weekly earnings being higher undertook a substantial range risk of unsustainable debt. With than settlements, because of analyses setting out the real wages and savings lower this data is also afected by scale of the pay squeeze than the year before the TUC increments, promotions and facing UK households. calculated it would take 24 other enhancements beyond weeks for an average-income the scope of annual pay In September, the TUC set out earner to pay back this money, deals. This is known as ‘pay that average earnings were leading to average debts of drift’ and it is occasionally £780 a year lower than the £685 per adult over Christmas. negative, but prolonged Ofce for Budget Responsibility In early 2014 the TUC also periods in which settlements had expected, undershooting undertook analysis showing are higher than average expectations by more than a that pay rises along with earnings are very unusual. quarter. In a new report, we also improvements in tax credits The TUC therefore contracted showed that the government and beneﬁts were necessary IDS to research this issue; could secure substantial to boost household living factors such as the growth of savings of around £3.2bn (from standards. In a short report, we part-time work and a rising both higher tax revenues and showed that both higher wages proportion of employment lower social security and tax and tax credit support allow in low-paying industries in credit payments) if the UK’s families to make ends meet. the current recovery have 4.8 million low-paid workers contributed to the slow growth received a pay rise and were of average earnings. A report paid the living wage. setting out the results of this research is in preparation.

25 SECTION TWO FAIR PAY AND A LIVING WAGE

Anti-austerity protesters campaigning in the regions for higher pay. © TUC

In March, TUC analysis showed that wage inequality has soared over the last 13 years, particularly across London and the south-east. The figures – based on full-time earnings from the Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings (ASHE) – showed that between 2000 (when the data was first collected) and 2013 the pay gap between the top 10 per cent and the bottom 10 per cent of earners in London rose by 14 per cent. This was far higher than the national average rise in the pay gap of five per cent over the same period.

The TUC also looked at how jobs that paid below the living wage were distributed across the UK. Our analysis of ofcial The fortnight, which ran from The campaign also supported figures from the House of 24 March to 6 April, successfully union members and Commons Library showed raised public awareness about representatives to organise that nationally on average the need for fair pay. More for fair pay. Unions actively one in five jobs pays under than a hundred events were used Fair Pay Fortnight to the living wage – currently held throughout England highlight and support their set at £8.80 in London and and Wales during that time wage claims and pay campaigns £7.65 across the rest of the UK and the campaign secured and activities were organised – but in some parliamentary substantial national and at workplaces throughout constituencies nearly half regional media coverage. Fair England and Wales, with union of the people working Pay Fortnight also significantly members sending in photos and there earn less than this. increased trafc to the TUC’s messages calling for fair pay. website and Facebook, Young workers and employees Our campaigning work on pay Twitter and blog sites. from across the NHS and local was given a particular focus government all took days of in the spring when we held The initiative also got action during Fair Pay Fortnight. Fair Pay Fortnight. This was politicians talking about pay. a two-week period of union The campaign was backed campaigning on pay issues, by shadow ministers, such as focusing in particular on the Shadow Chancellor Ed Balls MP need for workers across the and Shadow Secretary of State economy to benefit from for Business Chuka Umunna stronger pay growth to secure MP, and by parliamentary a recovery that was more representatives, Welsh fairly shared. It provided an Assembly members, council opportunity to highlight key leaders and prospective TUC and union policy calls parliamentary candidates across making the case for action to England and Wales. High- boost rates of wage growth profile regional figures, such for those on middle and as the Bishop of Birmingham, low incomes, as well as to blogged for the TUC. reduce pay inequalities by cracking down on excessive top executive pay.

26 SECTION TWO

2.3 THE NATIONAL Minimum wage rates from From April 2014, the maximum MINIMUM WAGE October 2014 onwards: civil penalty charged to all non-compliant employers Over the year the TUC ! £6.50 – adults aged was increased from £5,000 continued to build cross- 21 and above to £20,000. In the Queen's party support for the national Speech it was announced minimum wage (NMW) and ! £5.13 – 18- to 20-year- that the government intends to establish the conditions old workers to make the penalty apply that would allow rates to rise on a per-worker rather than more rapidly in future years. ! £3.79 – 16- to 17-year- a per-ofence basis, opening old workers up the way to much higher In September 2013, the General penalties in the worst cases. Council endorsed a TUC ! £2.73 – apprentices aged submission to the Low Pay under 19 or in the first The TUC continues to lobby for Commission (LPC) arguing year of their course further improvements, including for higher rates and better better funding for awareness enforcement. The BIS Secretary It is estimated that the October and enforcement work. Vince Cable subsequently 2014 increase will benefit more gave the LPC the extra task than one million workers, with The General Council also of examining the economic two-thirds being women. extends its thanks to Heather conditions needed for the Wakefield of UNISON, who LPC to grow faster, an enquiry Enforcing the NMW is one has served as a low pay to which the TUC provided area where both government commissioner for the last supplementary evidence. and opposition are committed nine years, and welcomes to take more action. the incoming commissioner Our written responses were Brian Strutton of the GMB. supported by meetings The TUC has pressed for with the LPC secretariat, stronger enforcement and has A number of external and the TUC-led team that convened regular meetings reports over the year gave gave oral evidence to the of our NMW enforcement consideration to the future Commission in November. group, which brings together of the NMW, including the unions and DBIS, the LPC and Resolution Foundation’s Review A number of afliated unions HM Revenue and Customs of the Minimum Wage, under have also organised meetings (HMRC). The government has the chairmanship of Professor between the LPC and groups recently introduced some of Sir George Bain, the founding of workers, which is an the changes that we called for. chair of the LPC. The TUC was influential part of the process. represented on the expert In October 2013 the rules were panel that advised on the In February 2014 the LPC changed to allow underpaying report by Nicola Smith, Head of published its recommendations employers to be named and Economic and Social Afairs. for October this year, which shamed. Only 31 have been were largely accepted by the named at the time of writing, government. The adult rate but more are expected. will increase by 3 per cent in October and the other rates by around 2 per cent.

27 SECTION TWO FAIR PAY AND A LIVING WAGE

“Living Wage Week and Fair Pay Fortnight provided a valuable campaign focus to promote fair pay across all sectors, with workplace and community WORK THAT PAYS THE FINAL REPORT activities in over 400 locations.” OF THE LIVING WAGE COMMISSION

2.4 THE LIVING WAGE The TUC General Secretary was a member of the Living The General Council adopted Wage Commission, which the target of spreading the was convened by Archbishop living wage to private and Senatmu and reported in June public sector workplaces as 2014. In its ﬁnal report, Work key target in the campaign that Pays, its recommendations plan. The living wage increases included government every November. The current setting a target of raising a June 2014 rates are £8.80 in London and further million workers to £7.65 for the rest of the UK. the living wage during the next parliament, and making Wales and Regional TUCs We worked closely with it mandatory for publicly have worked well with local campaign group Citizens listed companies to publish authorities and other employers UK and the Living Wage the number of employees to promote living wages. Living Foundation, which provides below the living wage. Wage Week and Fair Pay accreditation for employers. Fortnight provided a valuable The TUC is represented on The TUC also produced campaign focus to promote its advisory group by Paul a range of materials for fair pay across all sectors, with Sellers, and is involved in the trade unions and activists, workplace and community annual Living Wage Week including an e-learning activities in over 400 locations, campaign in November. The note (access able from the living wage seminars and TUC is an accredited living TUC’s unionlearn page). street stalls. Frances O’Grady wage employer, as are a signed a new accord with number of afliated unions. In addition, the TUC has Business SW to promote formally given its support, as living wages to businesses In the past year, the rate of set out in Resolution 25, to any in the west of England. adoption has greatly increased, prospective legal challenge, with the number of accredited brought by the Musicians enterprises doubling to more Union and UK Music against than 700, including a further the government, in relation to nine FTSE 100 companies. A proposals to allow copying onto number of other enterprises, iPods or computers without including many local authorities fair compensation for artists who, although under ﬁnancial and the creators of music. pressure, have gone as far as paying the living wage to their own directly employed staf but have not yet included their contractors.

28 SECTION TWO

2.5 NEW INDUSTRIAL 2.6 PENSIONS We also considered inequalities WAGES COUNCILS in pension entitlements Across the year the TUC between company directors The General Council has continued its campaign for and their workforces. The TUC’s continued to develop new improvements in both state annual pensions watch survey plans for raising wages in and workplace pensions, in showed that over the year the industries where low pay has both the private and public average pension pot for a FTSE become entrenched. The sectors. Our work has been 100 director had increased by February meeting of the TUC guided by Composite 8, £400,000 to £4.73m. Examining Executive Council discussed which set out the support the pension arrangements of an internal report Proposals for of Congress for afordable, 294 directors across FTSE 100 Piloting a New Sector-based high-quality occupational companies, our survey showed Approach to Raising Pay. A pensions, along with a state that the UK's top bosses further report was discussed pension linked to earnings. continue to enjoy platinum- at the June EC meeting, after plated pensions, with most which it was published online. In September TUC analysis of still able to retire at 60. The life expectancy projections average accrued pension is now The case being made is that by gender, occupation and £259,947 a year – 25 times the many employers will not move geographical area considered average employee occupational away from the low-pay, low- the impact of these ongoing pension (£10,452 a year). productivity model without inequalities on the amount of some leadership from the state pension working people In November the TUC held government. We argue that are set to receive as the its Member Trustee Network progress is best made through government’s plans to increase Annual Conference. Pensions the social partners in a sector the state pension age (SPA) Minister Steve Webb MP coming together in new take efect. We showed that addressed the conference structures to facilitate problem the postcode divide in state alongside the TUC General solving as well as bargaining. pension entitlements was set Secretary. There were also to grow with, for example, a contributions from speakers The approach would have to be woman in her late 40s from including Gregg McClymont crafted so as to bring employers East Dorset (the area of MP, Labour’s shadow pensions to the table. Many employers the UK with the longest life minister, and pensions expert and their representatives expectancy) set to receive Sarah Smart. The conference remain sceptical about such £67,000 more in state pension provided an opportunity for an approach. However, they when she retires compared delegates to reflect on the often also acknowledge that to a women of the same age government’s policy agenda, there are serious problems living in Corby (the area where including final proposals for the with both pay and productivity life expectancy is shortest). single-tier state pension and and there are some employers abolition of earnings-related who see potential merit in state pensions and contracting such an approach, as they out; emerging ideas for ‘defined represent sectors that are ambition’ pensions; and further dependent on contracts from planned action on both defined other larger enterprises. contribution charges and scheme quality standards. The TUC has raised the issue with politicians in both The government’s policy government and opposition. agenda continued to develop further over the year, and the TUC engaged actively in public debate on the new proposals.

29 SECTION TWO FAIR PAY AND A LIVING WAGE

In autumn 2013 we welcomed “With the roll-out of auto-enrolment the publication of a government continuing, the TUC maintained its consultation paper on defined ambition, which set out campaign to improve the quality of the proposals that sought to schemes that savers are enrolled into.” improve the quality of defined contribution (DC) pensions. We were particularly positive In January 2014 we responded In the 2014 budget the about the potential for the positively to the government’s Chancellor announced government to enable greater announcement that it planned substantial further pensions risk sharing between members to ban consultancy charging reform, rejecting the consensus- in well-governed and large- and introduce a cap on charges based approach that has been scale collective DC (CDC) that can be levied on pensions taken to developing pensions schemes. The Bill that has within auto-enrolment. We policy in recent years. His emerged from this consultation pressed for government to act reforms set out that from takes forward many TUC- to widen the cap to existing 2015 people would be able to backed options such as CDC and legacy schemes, not just withdraw their whole pension schemes and has dropped future enrolments, and for a at retirement taxed at their measures that would weaken charge cap of 0.75 per cent marginal tax rate, rather than 55 defined benefit (DB) pensions. to be introduced as a starting per cent as under the previous point for moves towards a system. Immediate changes to With the roll-out of auto- tighter cap of 0.5 per cent. the rules also means that the enrolment continuing, the We were disappointed that amount that could be taken TUC maintained its campaign the introduction of the cap at retirement as a lump sum to improve the quality of was delayed until April 2015, has increased from £18,000 the schemes that savers are but continue to actively to £30,000; the amount that enrolled into. Again much of support its introduction. could be taken out as a lump the public debate has moved sum each year increased from in directions that we can In February 2014 we welcomed 120 per cent to 150 per cent broadly support, particularly a campaigning success, when of an equivalent annuity; and following the OFT’s damning the government decided not the amount of guaranteed report into DC pensions that to give privatised companies income needed to qualify to revealed market failure and that were once nationalised withdraw lump sums from a lack of consumer safeguards. industries the power to change DC pension pot decreased Proposals to make contract the pensions arrangements from £20,000 to £12,000. pensions have independent for staf who were employed governance committees do before privatisation and who not solve all their problems, still work for the company. but are a step in the right The government decision direction if they include strong to retain protected persons member representation. The status when the flat rate Pensions Regulator has also state pension is introduced brought forward a series of was welcomed by unions. proposals for better regulation of trust-based DC pensions, There were other areas taking up some of our of policy development concerns about mastertrusts that were less positive. that lack independence from their for-profit sponsors.

30 SECTION TWO

£4.73mExecutives in DB pension schemes had pension pots worth an average of £4.73 million, providing an average annual pension of £259,947 – 25 times the average employee.

While the TUC recognised that 2.7 EXECUTIVE PAY The TUC called for directors insufcient attention had been to be members of the same paid to the decumulation stage The TUC has continued to pension schemes on the same of pensions – how people turn make the case that the pay terms as their employees and their pensions savings into of many company directors is for a legal requirement for more retirement income – we strongly excessive and out of step with comprehensive reporting on opposed the Chancellor’s the cuts in real pay experienced company pension provision proposals. Our response to by many workers in both the for directors and employees the Treasury’s consultation private and public sectors in company annual reports. expressed strong concern since the financial crisis. that it was unrealistic to In summer 2014 the TUC expect consumers to compare In September the TUC published Executive Excess: The accumulation products that published it annual pay of FTSE 100 remuneration they will not be able to judge PensionsWatch report – 10 committee members. The until they have saved for many years after it was first published report used information in years. We argued that what in 2003. The report found a company reports to set out people want in retirement is a continued trend of preferential total payments received by secure and predictable income, diferential treatment for the remuneration committee often coupled with a cash boost company executives in terms of members of FTSE 100 as they make the transition pension provision. Executives companies, including pay from from work to retirement. Our in DB pension schemes had current executive and other strong concern remains that pension pots worth an average non-executive directorships instead the budget proposals of £4.73 million, providing an of listed companies. It found treat pensions as no more average annual pension of that on average remuneration than a tax-privileged savings £259,947 – 25 times the average committee members were paid scheme that deliver a pot of employee occupational pension. £535,289, which is 25 times money when people retire – For those in DC schemes, the more than average earnings. not the regular income that average company contribution The highest-paid remuneration most people want. We also was £160,380, around 23 per committee member was paid warned that the scope for mis- cent of salary. For directors £15,523,866, or 723 times selling of financial products receiving cash payments in more than average earnings. was substantial, and that lieu of pensions, the average expecting the financial services company contribution was sector to build consumer- £169,679, around 29 per cent of friendly alternatives in less salary. In contrast, the average than a year was a triumph employer contribution rate for of hope over experience. all workplace pensions was six per cent, and the minimum employer contribution required under auto-enrolment is currently one per cent, rising to three per cent in 2018.

31 SECTION TWO FAIR PAY AND A LIVING WAGE

The report found that of the 410 remuneration committee BEYOND members included in the SHAREHOLDER study, there were 24 who VALUE The reasons and were members of more than choices for corporate one FTSE 100 remuneration governance reform committee during 2012. In total, 356 held at least one other position at another company during the year under review – including 236 who were non- executive directors at another company, 58 who were chair of another board and 44 who held a board-level executive position at another company. According to the report, this reﬂected a Edited by Janet Williamson closed world in which company Ciaran Driver directors set each other’s pay Peter Kenway at levels that they consider normal, but which are viewed A 2014 TUC publication on corporate by ordinary people as excessive. governance reform, including proposals for worker representation on company boards and tackling excess executive pay. The report argued that See page 53 for more details. remuneration committees have become out of touch with the rest of society, and that addressing this was essential if they are to be equipped to play their part in tackling excessive executive pay. It called for workers to be represented on remuneration committees to bring a much-needed dose of perspective and common sense to discussions, arguing that this would help remuneration committees take into account the pay and conditions of other company employees when setting directors’ pay, as they are required to do by the Corporate Governance Code.

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32 SECTION3 THREE GOOD SERVICES AND DECENT WELFARE

33 SECTION THREE GOOD SERVICES AND DECENT WELFARE

3.1 INTRODUCTION “Through its public services campaign work nationally and in the regions and Public services have continued to be under huge pressure. Wales, the TUC has sought to highlight Local councils have been the impact of cuts and outsourcing.” among those at the forefront and, although we were told the NHS would be protected, 3.2 PUBLIC SERVICES The Financial Times reports waiting times are up, bed that UK government spending shortages common and GP The General Council’s work on outsourced public services services barely able to cope. on public services has been has increased by 23 per cent guided by Composites 7, 10, in the last two years. However, The welfare state – the safety 11 and 12, Resolutions 26, 37, polling indicates a growing net that any of us might need 38, 39, 42, 43, 44 and 67, sense of unease among the – is threatened. Ministers and and Emergency Resolution 4 public in the wake of high- their media allies have used agreed at the 2013 Congress. profile outsourcing failures, the public hostility against those short-term profiteering made who cheat the system to try to During the year, the impact from the cheap sell-of of Royal undermine the whole welfare of the government’s policies Mail and scepticism about system. The unemployed are on public services, jobs and either the value for money or increasingly treated as if losing wages deepened. Outsourcing service improvements derived their job was their fault, with a has intensified and four years from outsourcing. This has been six-week wait for any benefits, of austerity has left large parts echoed by, among others, the an unfair sanctions regime and of the public sector facing a Public Accounts Committee, workfare schemes no diferent deepening financial crisis. Public the National Audit Ofce and from those used for ofenders service workers have borne the Financial Times, all of which being punished by the courts. the brunt of this, with yet more have raised concerns about the years of pay restraint imposed lack of evidence of the merits The TUC and trade unions by the Chancellor leading to of outsourcing and fears about have been at the forefront increasing anger among the compromised accountability of the campaign to defend public service workforce. and lack of transparency. our services: fighting service cuts, defending welfare and Through its public services opposing privatisation will campaign work nationally and be key campaigns for unions, in the regions and Wales, the activists and communities. TUC has sought to highlight the impact of cuts and outsourcing, while developing an alternative Visiting picket lines in London’s King’s Cross as one million public sector trade vision for integrated, publicly unionists walked out on strike over pay, pensions, jobs and spending cuts. © Andrew Wiard owned and accountable services based on a real voice for public service workers and the communities they serve.

34 Because we’re worth it: NHS workers during Fair Pay Fortnight. © TUC

Working with the New In addition to fighting cuts SECTION THREE Economics Foundation, the and outsourcing, the TUC has TUC is publishing a series of been developing an alternative reports in 2014 on the impact agenda for public services. By of outsourcing on key areas engaging with public service of public service, including unions through the Public criminal justice, employment Services Liaison Group, the TUC services, health, social care has formulated a clear set of and local government. The policy asks around sustainable TUC has also commissioned funding, public ownership, work from the Centre for intelligent commissioning and Local Economic Strategies to procurement, protection of monitor the impact of cuts employment standards and on local communities, with a the promotion of employee specific focus on adult social and union voice. The TUC care and children’s services. will promote this agenda with the government but will As well as raising awareness especially seek to influence of the impact of cuts and Labour Party policy. outsourcing, this research will also help inform our work with A key part of this work will unions and campaign groups in involve building coalitions diferent parts of the country with relevant think tanks and and in diferent sectors within representative groups to public services, through our help build consensus around 3.3 PUBLIC SECTOR campaigns such as Speak Up our vision. In the political PAY AND PENSIONS for Justice and All Together for realm, the TUC is working in the NHS. All TUC regions and partnership with the Fabian In line with Composites 7 and Wales have well-established Society to build a strong 8, the TUC has continued to and efective public services evidence-based narrative in campaign for an end to the campaign coalitions in place. In support of our agenda. The public sector pay cap, to Wales, the TUC has been able TUC recently launched the promote the living wage, to to use its participation on the Declaration of Interdependence end to the exploitative use of Workforce Partnership Council in Children's Services, a joint zero-hours contacts and to to make some real gains in mission statement with Children help co-ordinate activity across terms of the introduction of an England and a range of union public service unions in support enhanced, statutory two-tier and children’s service providers of fair pay and pensions. code and the development from the public and voluntary of trade union equality reps, sector, setting out an alternative Four years of public sector despite huge challenges vision for commissioning and pay restraint has meant that remaining around funding, the relationship between the the average public sector particularly as a result of UK state and the voluntary sector worker has lost over £2,000 government cuts passed on in support of properly funded from the value of their wages through the Barnett formula. services that reject price-based since 2010. This comes at a competition and privatisation. time when costs and pension contributions are increasing. This impacts on all public sector workers but low pay remains a particularly acute problem. Pay restraint has meant that the bottom pay points in local government and health are now paid less than the living wage, meaning that more than 35,000 directly employed

35 SECTION THREE GOOD SERVICES AND DECENT WELFARE

in the NHS and almost While negotiations on the It is clear that the cause 500,000 in local government implementation and governance of the crisis is government are being paid poverty arrangements on the revised underfunding at a time of wages despite government public sector pension schemes increasing demand. Flat assurances to tackle low pay. approach their conclusion, the budgets at a time of increasing TUC has continued to raise demand, as well as PFI burdens At the same time, the concerns with the government and cash transfers to local government is undermining over the impact of HM Treasury government to plug gaps in national, collective pay valuations, which are likely to social care funding, are creating bargaining in large parts of the cause significant increases to huge short-term pressures. public sector, from removing employer contributions with The 2010 and 2013 spending pay progression and breaking potential knock-on efects for reviews increase spending on up national agreements in departmental budgets. The the NHS at around 0.5 per education to overruling the TUC has also called for greater cent per year, following a real- recommendations of the clarity from the government terms cut in 2010/11, compared independent Pay Review as to the role that trade unions to an average four per cent Body for the NHS. will play in consultations on increase per year that the NHS changes to the state pension has traditionally received. The TUC has worked with its age, announced in the 2013 unions to campaign against budget, and the impact this will The government expects these attacks on the pay and have on revisions to the normal the gap to be met through conditions of public sector pension age in specific public £20bn of efciency savings; workers. Through the Britain sector schemes. The TUC has however, evidence shows that Needs a Pay Rise campaign also expressed its opposition the vast majority of savings to and Fair Pay Fortnight, the TUC to the government’s rejection date have been met through worked with public service of the application of the New pay restraint rather than unions to organise workplace Fair Deal for members in further any genuine productivity and community-based activity and higher education and gains. As both Monitor and across the country. Specific voiced its concerns about the NHS employers point out, days of action were held in delay in implementing admitted savings gained through pay April and June in support of body status in the local restraint are unsustainable the campaign for fair pay in government pension scheme. and will harm recruitment, the NHS and in July two lobby retention and patient care. events were held bringing NHS workers together with In response to the growing MPs in Westminster and in 3.4 HEALTH AND threats posed to the NHS, the constituencies. The TUC SOCIAL CARE North West TUC organised supported workers in local a major demonstration to government, education and the The work of the General Council coincide with the Conservative civil service taking industrial on health and social care has Party conference in Manchester action in July. It is likely that been guided by Composite 10 in September 2013. More further campaign activity will and Resolutions 37 and 38. than 60,000 took to the take place in the autumn across streets in one of Manchester’s a range of public services The growing NHS funding largest-ever demonstrations, and that this will feature as crisis has become increasingly making the Conservative a key part of the national evident. Over a quarter of Party conference aware of demonstration in October. NHS trusts will in deficit by the deep antipathy that the 2015 and patients are facing public has to their plans to The TUC has continued increasing waiting times for GP break up and sell of the NHS. to support the FBU in its appointments, diagnostic tests continuing campaign to secure and routine surgical procedures. fair pensions for firefighters. Over a quarter of those now visiting A&E do so due to a lack of GP appointments.

36 Frances O’Grady with protesters on the Save Our NHS demonstration at the Conservative Party Conference 2013 in Manchester. © Jess Hurd/reportdigital.co.uk

The TUC has worked with SECTION THREE health unions through the All Together for the NHS campaign to build the campaign for fair pay, organising brieﬁngs, days of action and lobbies in support of our campaign to invest in a quality workforce for the beneﬁt of patients.

The TUC, in partnership with UNISON, has funded a new project through the False Economy website to use freedom of information questions and other means to unearth new evidence of the impacts of the government’s health reforms. In April, we broke the news that some clinical commissioning groups were proposing the introduction of charges for the use of crutches and other orthotic equipment.

The introduction of charges to the NHS continues to raise its head. In May, The King’s Fund ran an independent review into the future funding of health and social care. The TUC used this consultation to set out the case that additional funding for the NHS should be achieved through progressive taxation and through ensuring that public services benefit from the proceeds of growth returning to the economy, not through In March, the government performing well. This will help the introduction of charging. forced through its plans to the Secretary of State to by- make it easier for the Secretary pass popular local campaigns, The funding crisis in the NHS is of State to agree the financially as seen in the case of Lewisham mirrored by that in social care, driven closure of local hospitals Hospital. Despite some late as budgets have been slashed and other services, despite amendments to the clause, as a result of local government strong campaigning from the campaigners fear that these funding cuts, with a real-terms TUC and health unions. Clause new powers will be exercised decrease in funding of 20 per 119 of the Care Act gives more frequently as the financial cent since 2010. Evidence new powers to trust special crisis in the NHS intensifies. shows the increased rationing administrators taking over of local authority support to failing NHS Trusts to impose only the most urgent cases closures and service changes means that the number of over to neighbouring trusts, even if 65s receiving funded support they are financially stable and has dropped by a third.

37 SECTION THREE GOOD SERVICES AND DECENT WELFARE

This crisis of funding in social 3.5 EDUCATION In line with Composite 9 and care is exacerbating existing Resolution 32, the TUC and problems in the sector Over the past year the TUC afliated education unions caused by underfunding and has continued to work closely continued campaigning outsourcing based on severe with afliated unions on policy in support of high-quality price-based competition. and workforce issues relating comprehensive education while Employment standards in social to education, in line with opposing marketisation and care are so poor that we have Composite 9, Resolutions 30, privatisation, cuts to FE and some of the most vulnerable 32 and 33, and Emergency HE funding and the further people in our society being Resolution 3 agreed at the 2013 extension of loans. Part of this cared for by some of the most Congress. Please note that campaigning is being taken vulnerable. The TUC brought skills policy and learning and forward through the Education unions together with Sir Alan skills at work are covered in Not For Sale campaign, with Oldham, heading up Labour’s Sections one and five. Childcare a focus on raising awareness review on the integration of and early years’ provision are of the detrimental impact health and social care and with covered in Section four, as is of the expansion of ‘for- Baroness Kingsmill, who was Emergency Resolution 3. profit’ education providers looking at the exploitation of and the danger of greater the social care workforce. The The TUC has continued to privatisation in all parts of evidence submitted makes facilitate bi-monthly meetings the education sector. for sobering reading, with of the education unions to 300,000 workers employed coincide with the meetings The campaign was launched in on zero-hours contracts and of the Public Services Liaison March 2014 with the publication around 10 per cent not even Group in order to support of a campaign pamphlet and paid the national minimum coordination with wider public a detailed research report, wage. In addition to these services campaigning and the and subsequently a campaign consultations, the TUC also TUC Campaign Plan. The TUC website was established. fed into the Local Government also facilitates an additional In addition to the risks of Institute’s own report on forum for unions with a specific privatisation, the campaign the social care workforce. interest in the FE sector. launch highlighted the extent to which schools, colleges and In December the government These meetings have focused universities are increasingly introduced the Care Bill, aimed on developing strategic less accountable to students, at strengthening the funding support for the campaigning parents and local communities and regulation of the social issues highlighted in and the degree to which care sector. The TUC raised Congress resolutions, such as the additional bureaucratic concerns about the contracting- safeguarding the important costs of starting up free out of needs assessments role of teaching assistants and schools and academies is and criticised the proposed educational psychologists. diverting public funding limitation of eligibility for free In line with Composite 9, away from other schools. care to those with ‘substantial’ the TUC has continued needs. The briefing reiterated to support the education TUC support for a National unions to campaign against Care Service, free at point attacks on the pay, pensions of use, funded from general and working conditions of taxation and benefitting teaching and support staf. from increased funding.

38 SECTION THREE 400,000More than 400,000 local government jobs have been lost.

The TUC and education unions In May 2014 the TUC “Local government have also continued to look at responded to an Education workers have seen strategies to protect the rights Select Committee inquiry and entitlements of teachers into the teaching of personal, their pay cut in real and support staf in academies social, health and economic terms by 18 per and free schools, especially (PSHE) education and sex and with regard to national pay relationships education (SRE) in cent since 2010.” and conditions of service schools. The TUC reafrmed its frameworks and collective support for statutory PSHE and representation through trade SRE to be taught in all schools, More than 400,000 local unions. Over the past year the including academies and free government jobs have been lost TUC facilitated discussions schools, and expressed concern and council staf have faced between the school workforce about the role of organisations three years of zero per cent pay unions and the School Co- with a homophobic and/or anti- increases since 2010, followed operative Society and the Co- abortion agenda gaining access by a 1 per cent pay cap in 2013. operative College in order to to schools to provide SRE. Many hard-won conditions of develop a national framework employment have also been for trust schools and academies taken away. Local government that come under the remit of workers have seen their pay the co-operative movement. 3.6 LOCAL cut in real terms by 18 per cent In December 2013 a ‘National GOVERNMENT since 2010. Around 510,000 Agreement and Statement of council workers are paid less Joint Principles’ was signed Local government workers and than the living wage, and most by all parties and this included services have borne the brunt are women in part-time jobs. the establishment of a new of the government’s austerity National Joint Forum that programme. According to the In line with Resolution 26, the meets on a regular basis. Local Government Association, TUC has worked with local the combination of cuts and government unions to set out The government’s school reform increasing demand for services, our vision for local government programme has also been particularly adult social care, based on a fair and sustainable attributed with weakening the has left a funding gap of over funding settlement, in-house careers guidance provision £8bn next year, with councils delivery of services and for young people and the expected to make further cuts efective reform based on a TUC has joined with many of 12.5 per cent to balance the well-treated and motivated other stakeholders to voice books. The Public Accounts workforce with a real voice concerns about this. In its Committee has raised very in the design and delivery of 2014 Budget Submission the real fears about the viability services. As part of this process, TUC called on the government of some local councils and the TUC has submitted a paper to establish a new ‘careers their ability to meet all their to Labour’s Policy Review. guidance entitlement’ for statutory requirements. secondary school pupils, giving The TUC has also commissioned them access to professional, the Centre for Local Economic independent, face-to-face Strategies (CLES) to careers guidance in Year 8 undertake research into the and once again in Year 10. impacts of the government’s austerity programme on local government, particularly on adult social care and children’s services.

39 SECTION THREE GOOD SERVICES AND DECENT WELFARE

3.7 CRIMINAL JUSTICE 3.8 THE PUBLIC SERVICES LIAISON Justice services are facing cuts GROUP of up to 25 per cent of their budgets, and by 2015 more The TUC’s work is overseen than 50,000 justice sector by the Public Services Liaison jobs will have been lost under Group (PSLG). The group the coalition government. consists of representatives from the afliated public service Privatisation and outsourcing in In support of Composite 11, the unions and is chaired by Dave probation, prisons, policing and TUC and unions launched the Prentis, General Secretary court services remain a threat. Speak Up for Justice campaign of UNISON, and the General in May. The campaign brings Council lead on public services. Government plans to privatise together the FDA, GMB, Napo, 70 per cent of probation PCS, POA, UNISON and Unite The PSLG agenda in the past services by 2015 are underway, to ﬁght for an integrated, year has been largely focused despite warnings of the high accountable and publicly on key industrial issues around risk of delivery failure by the owned justice system that is pay, pensions and threats Ministry of Justice’s own internal properly stafed and funded. to collective bargaining. But risk register. There are plans to We will be campaigning against there has also been signiﬁcant close four more prisons, even privatisation and outsourcing time devoted to developing though overcrowding and levels and will cover courts, probation, an alternative vision for public of violence remain a problem prisons, policing and legal services and a clear list of for staf and prisoners. Plans aid. A campaign website policy asks to be advocated to privatise three prisons were (www.speakupforjustice.org) with all political parties but abandoned last year when the was launched, with an online with particular focus on the leading bidder was investigated action targeting the Secretary Labour Party policy review. by the Serious Fraud Ofce for of State for Justice and the Through the PSLG, unions overcharging the government Home Secretary, and a range of have engaged with think tanks for tagging ofenders. Court campaign materials for union such as IPPR and the Fabian cases are being delayed as a members. A report by the Society, looking into issues result of more than 130 court New Economics Foundation around worker and citizen voice closures and cuts have led to and the TUC, Justice for in the design and delivery of experienced prosecutors leaving Sale: The privatisation of public services, sustainable the service. Fine enforcement ofender management funding, public ownership and is being privatised this year. services, was also launched, intelligent commissioning. with recommendations for all political parties. The PSLG also held a two-day summit for public service unions looking at more efective ways of organising in an increasingly fragmented public service landscape. Issues arising from this event will feed into the public service elements of the stronger unions work that the TUC is taking forward.

40 3.9 PUBLIC 3.10 WELFARE Since then further extensive SECTION THREE SERVICES FORUM polling has found that there The 2013 Congress agreed is substantial and widespread In January, the Public Composite 13 on Campaigning hostility to people felt to be Services Forum (PSF) was for Social Security. The abusing the system. But there re-established. Chaired by Resolution pointed to the is also a widespread belief that Francis Maude, the Minister growth of poverty and the low society should help people for the Cabinet Ofce, the level of current benefit rates who face hard times because PSF brings together public and expressed concern at of bad luck or factors they service unions, employers and the likely impact of Universal could not foresee or control. other civil society partners Credit, especially on low- When people believe that the to discuss the impact of the paid workers. The resolution government is undermining government’s public service called on the General Council this approach they oppose it. A policy on the workforce. At its to campaign against welfare good example is the ‘five week first meeting, the reconvened myths, the bedroom tax, the wait’; from April, most people PSF discussed the roll-out benefit cap, workfare and the able to claim the new Universal of public service mutuals, sanctions regime, and for a Credit had to pass through a the implementation of the publicly run benefits system, month-long assessment period government’s digital strategy with universal benefits paid and then another week before and the wider lessons for the at decent levels. The TUC has their benefit was paid to them. public sector resulting from focused on establishing how to TUC research finds that most the Francis Report on the Mid- campaign efectively for social people are angry when they Stafordshire NHS Foundation security and then running such learn about these plans. Trust. Further meetings are a campaign. Our work in this planned for 2014 to discuss area has also been informed by In July the TUC launched Saving government commissioning Resolution 50 on foodbanks, Our Safety Net, a new campaign and procurement strategy, which set out union concerns to win support for the principle transparency requirements that the government’s welfare of a decent benefits system, on public service contractors, reforms had left so many asking people to sign a petition casualisation and the rise people dependent on charitable calling for the five week wait to of zero-hours contracts and donations to feed their families. be rolled back. The campaign implementation of the living is particularly addressed to wage across the public sector. In October, the TUC held a union members and began conference on how to argue with the launch of a vigorous for a generous social security newspaper-style document system, entitled Winning the about the five week wait and Argument for Welfare. The other union concerns. A more keynote speaker was Professor policy-oriented publication, George Lakof from the USA, an Universal Credit: Solving the internationally known expert on problem of delay in benefit ‘framing’ political messages. The payments, commissioned from workshops at the event allowed Carl Packman (who has written delegates to debate the issues extensively about problems with policy and communications relating to debt and payday experts – most of the academics lenders) was launched at the and polling experts who have same time. The campaign written about public attitudes strategy foresees the use of to social security spoke at the social media, a dedicated conference. There was also a website and infographics and detailed presentation of a new other shareable material. poll commissioned for the TUC.

41 SECTION THREE GOOD SERVICES AND DECENT WELFARE

The TUC has also continued In May the TUC published Economic Report Series 2014 to address the full range of Dismantling the Barriers to social security issues that Social Mobility, commissioned have emerged during the from Ben Baumberg and Declan year. In December it published Gafney. This Touchstone Extra Is Social Security Spending outlined the UK’s poor track Really Out Of Control?, a record on social mobility and report commissioned from rebutted arguments by the independent researcher Declan Deputy Prime Minister, who Gafney. This report disproved has claimed that it is possible claims in 2010 by ministers to achieve a high level of and newspapers that social social mobility in unequal security spending was ‘out of countries like Britain. The report Universal Credit: control’, necessitating large also highlighted childhood the problem of delay cuts in benefit entitlements poverty and comparatively in benef t payments and benefit rates. There was, low levels of full-time women’s however, a serious problem: employment as factors that rising in-work poverty. Falling contribute to this country’s real incomes were leaving more low social mobility. The report working families relying on was launched at a seminar in-work benefits; this meant addressed by Alan Milburn, that, despite cuts to tax credits Chair of the Social Mobility and calculated that on average that have left some families Child Poverty Commission. JSA claimants would lose thousands of pounds a year £40 and ESA claimants £50 worse of, the government For the second year running and that more than a quarter was having to spend billions of the TUC was invited to be of a million would be “most pounds more than expected on part of the scrutiny group at risk of sufering financial these tax credits and benefits. overseeing the independent hardship”. The plans led to review of the Work Capability widespread concern, reflected In January the TUC published Assessment. The TUC was in the Committee’s report. Keeping Up with the Cuts. This represented by senior policy briefing listed 43 social security ofcer Hugh Robertson. Richard The TUC has been increasingly cuts introduced since the 2010 Exell continues to represent concerned about the quality election and indentified the the TUC on the Steering Group of DWP’s press materials. In main losers. The government of the End Child Poverty February, for instance, the DWP has often justified benefit cuts (ECP) coalition, and the issued a release on the benefit as necessary to deal with abuse, TUC contributed to the ECP cap which stated that “over especially by people trying to submission to the consultation 1,200 single people without avoid work. But the main losers on the government’s children were capped”. The from 10 of the 43 changes (the child poverty strategy. release did not say that single largest group) are low-paid people accounted for just four workers. A further 24 cuts afect Nicola Smith continues to per cent of capped households workers in addition to other serve on the statutory Social or that 72 per cent of the groups: three-quarters of the Security Advisory Committee individuals hit by the cap were welfare cuts announced since (SSAC). In the summer, the children. Indeed, the release 2010 hurt working families. SSAC published a major report did not mention the fact that on the government’s plans to any children were afected by increase to seven the waiting the cap. The TUC challenged days claimants of Employment the government about these and Support Allowance and misrepresentations, writing Jobseekeer's Allowance must first to the Secretary of State, pass through to qualify for then to Andrew Dilnot, Chair benefit. The government itself of the UK Statistics Authority.

42 SECTION4 FOUR RESPECT AND A VOICE AT WORK

43 SECTION FOUR RESPECT AND A VOICE AT WORK

4.1 INTRODUCTION The General Council has Responding to an HMRC won political support to consultation in January Over the past year we have seen deal with abusive ZHCs. In 2014, the TUC called on our rights at work under further December 2013, BIS launched the government to act attack. Insecure work is on the a consultation on the use to prevent agencies from increase: zero-hours contracts of ZHCs that, due to the using false self-employment (ZHCs) have gone mainstream; eforts of trade unions and arrangements to avoid income agency work is common in 38 Degrees, attracted more tax and NIC obligations. permanent posts; and bogus than 36,000 responses. In self-employment is rampant. the face of public pressure, Fees for employment tribunals the government announced GANGMASTERS mean that workers increasingly in the Queen’s Speech that LICENSING AUTHORITY cannot aford to enforce it would ban the use of their basic rights. Protection exclusivity clauses in ZHCs. During 2013/14 the General against unfair dismissal and Council has pressed for the redundancy has been reduced. At Congress 2013, Ed Miliband remit of the Gangmasters committed to crack down on Licensing Authority (GLA) to be Yet the TUC has worked hard the worst abuses faced by ZHC extended to high-risk sectors, to defend and extend rights at workers. Norman Pickavance including construction, social work and, as this section shows, was tasked to conduct a review care and hospitality. It has we have had some successes. on ZHCs, the recommendations resisted government proposals from which included a right to weaken the inspection for ZHC workers to request a system for businesses applying fixed-hour contract after six for GLA licences. Union 4.2 RESPECT AT WORK months’ employment and a representatives continue to right to receive a fixed-hours play an active role on the Over the last year, the General contract after one year. GLA Board, including Hannah Council has campaigned for Reed (TUC), Diana Holland respect and a voice at work, While these proposals (Unite), Steve Kemp (GMB) in line with Composite 14 represent progress, the and Dave Gorle (Usdaw). and Resolution 54 adopted General Council continued to at Congress 2013. campaign for a better deal for The General Council resisted vulnerable workers including: government plans to remove representatives from key TACKLING GROWING ! access to increased and stakeholders, including retailers, CASUALISATION guaranteed working hours agencies, labour users and trade unions from the GLA Board. Throughout 2013/14, ! decent pay the General Council has campaigned against growing ! more employment rights. ACCESS TO JUSTICE casualisation, which is leading to millions of UK The General Council has During 2013/14 the General workers becoming trapped campaigned for a better Council has stepped up in low-paid, highly insecure deal for agency workers. In the campaign to abolish employment that ofers poor September 2013 the TUC employment tribunal (ET) career prospects. In April complained to the European fees as government statistics 2014 it produced the report Commission about the confirm that they price Casualisation and Low Pay. UK’s implementation of the workers out of justice and Temporary Agency Worker encourage exploitation. Directive. Of particular concern is the use of so-called ‘Swedish derogation’ contracts (SDCs), which deprive many agency workers of equal pay. The TUC won support from the Labour Party to close the loopholes in the Agency Worker Regulations. 44 In line with Resolution 62 ! opposed the introduction of The TUC has also called for a adopted at Congress 2013, Part III of the Lobbying Act, in full inquiry into police tactics the TUC has monitored the line with Emergency Motion in the miners’ strike of 1984/85 equality impact of ET fees. 5 adopted at Congress 2013. in line with Resolution 72 TUC analysis confirms women The Act will impose excessive adopted at Congress 2013. have been the principal losers, administrative burdens with sex discrimination claims on unions and represent plummeting by 80 per cent an unjustified intrusion on A NEW FRAMEWORK SECTION FOUR since the introduction of fees. trade union members’ rights OF RIGHTS FOR Women are more likely to work to freedom of association WORKING PEOPLE part-time in lower-paid jobs and and privacy at work are therefore less able to aford During 2013/14 the General high-level fees. Many women ! raised awareness of the Council has campaigned also lose out on fee remissions disproportionate impact of for a new framework of due to their partner’s earnings. weakened unfair dismissal rights for trade unions and This is because eligibility for and collective redundancy working people, including: fee remission is calculated on rights on women, BME the basis of household rather workers, young workers, older ! rights for all workers to than individual income. workers and the disabled (in statutory redundancy pay line with Resolution 63). The TUC pressed for ! improved protections for improvements to the new In March 2014, the government outsourced workers and Acas Early Conciliation launched the Carr Review. The the adoption of a new tier scheme, following concerns General Council and afliated code of practice requiring that new administrative unions decided not to engage all contractors to observe rules would inadvertently on the basis that the review collectively agreed terms limit access to justice. was largely a political stunt. In and conditions when a letter to Bruce Carr QC, the delivering public services In January 2014, Sir Brendan General Secretary reiterated Barber, former TUC General that the UK already had ! improved protections for Secretary, was appointed as some of the most restrictive whistleblowers in line with Chair of the Acas Council. Paul industrial action laws of any Resolution 69 adopted Nowak (TUC), Mary Bousted democratic country and said at Congress 2013 (ATL), Jonathan Baume and she was not aware of unions John Hannett (Usdaw) also using intimidatory tactics. ! improved enforcement of continue to play an active Instead, in line with Composite posted workers rights role on the Acas Council. 15 from Congress 2013, the General Secretary called on the ! strengthened rights to Hannah Reed also continues government to launch a major statutory recognition and to represent the TUC on the public inquiry into blacklisting. information and consultation Employment Tribunal Service National User Group. In addition, on 20 November ! measures that promote 2013 the TUC, along with collective bargaining Unite, the GMB, UCATT and and ensure workers have RESISTING GOVERNMENT the Blacklisting Support improved access to trade ATTACKS ON Group organised a day of union representation EMPLOYMENT RIGHTS action against blacklisting. They demanded justice for all ! new rules permitting During 2013/14, the General victims of blacklisting and for unions to use electronic Council has continued to resist blacklisting to be criminalised. voting in statutory ballots government policy aimed at The TUC has also called for in line with Composite 16 dismantling basic workplace new public procurement from Congress 2013 protections. In particular, it: rules that ensure companies are banned from winning ! an end to blanket electronic ! resisted government attacks public contracts if involved surveillance of UK citizens, on TUPE protections in blacklisting activities. in line with Composite 18 from Congress 2013. 45 SECTION FOUR RESPECT AND A VOICE AT WORK

4.3 EQUALITIES TUC EQUALITY AUDIT 2014 4.4 DISABLED WORKERS THE PUBLIC SECTOR The 2014 equality audit asked EQUALITY DUTY REVIEW afliates what steps they were In pursuance of Resolution 49, taking to tackle the under- the TUC Disabled Workers’ The government’s review of representation of particular Committee has focused the Public Sector Equality Duty groups in their membership throughout the year on (PSED), which concluded in and internal structures. the continuing attacks by October 2013, left the duty The audit findings will be government on the rights and intact with a recommendation presented to Congress 2014. living standards of disabled for further review, possibly people and on mobilising in 2016. The TUC had set up resistance to them. In particular, a working group of public EQUALITY REPS the disastrous impact of the service unions and worked ATOS-administered Work with voluntary and community The TUC continued to campaign Capability Assessment, and organisations on a range of and lobby for statutory the delays in the reassessment actions to campaign to defend rights for equality reps in of recipients of Disability the duty through 2012–13. accordance with Resolution Living Allowance for the 62. It coordinated campaign new Personal Independence activity with unions and worked Payment, have attracted CAMPAIGN FOR EQUAL with academic researchers to growing attention although SURVIVOR PENSIONS update the case for equality not significantly weakening reps. The TUC equality audit the impact of divisive Following TUC lobbying during also highlighted the benefits of government propaganda in the passage of the Marriage union action on equality and the winning public support for (Same-sex Couples) Act 2013, fact that almost 9 in 10 union its ‘reform’ of benefits. The the government committed members are in a union with a TUC supported the campaign to carrying out a review of rule or practice of appointing against the ‘bedroom tax’ with inequalities in survivor pensions or electing equality reps. its disproportionate impact on by 1 July 2014. The TUC set up disabled people. Most recently, meetings between the Treasury, The Wales TUC has established the decision by government the DWP, the Government a network of trade union to sidestep the court ruling Actuary’s Department and trade equality reps through a quashing the closure of the unions. In its written submission Welsh government-funded Independent Living Fund to the review, the General programme providing generated an urgent campaign Council called on government training and awareness working in alliance with users of to end discrimination against of key equality issues. the ILF. The TUC has published widowers, civil partners and same-sex spouses in survivor pensions. Briefings were produced, an e-petition was set up and media coverage around the TUC LGBT conference and Pride led on the campaign for equal survivor pensions. When the government published the review report it concluded that it would need to carefully consider the findings before making a decision on whether the law should be changed.

46 Union members on London Pride 2014. © Stefano Cagnoni/reportdigital.co.uk a campaign brieﬁng, Disabled People Fighting Austerity, endorsed by the General Council, informing unions of key facts and ofering suggestions for grassroots activity.

An important element of TUC SECTION FOUR campaigning has been the establishment of alliances on particular issues with disabled people resisting austerity, in particular the network of activists organised in Disabled People Against Cuts (DPAC). The TUC has also participated with activists in the Reclaim Our Futures alliance, to prepare a shadow report to the United Nations on the UK’s compliance with the UN Convention on the Rights of reverse government attacks The right to same-sex marriage Persons with Disabilities. and address outstanding issues was established in law. The for disabled workers on the TUC lobbied in support of Another area of collaboration employment agenda including the Bill, but also supported between the TUC, unions and around supported employment. amendments to correct disabled activists has been the inequality in pension survivor Transport for All campaign. benefits. Ministers responded by agreeing to a separate Within the field of employment, 4.5 LESBIAN, GAY, review. The TUC worked with the TUC supported a campaign BISEXUAL AND unions to present evidence to challenge the decision of TRANS WORKERS and a campaign was launched the Access to Work scheme to to pressure politicians. limit the hours it would fund for The committee continued sign language interpreters, with to discuss how to engage The TUC responded to the negative consequences for deaf LGBT communities in the TUC government consultation on workers. Other issues covered campaign. A major report into the future of civil partnership included the worsening crisis the impact of austerity on the by pressing for its extension in mental health, following up LGBT voluntary sector was to opposite sex couples. This Composite 17 and Resolution commissioned from London demand was rejected by 65, hate crime, and the abuse of Metropolitan University and ministers but civil partnership sickness absence procedures, completed in July 2014. In has been retained. covered in TUC published February, the General Secretary advice Disability and Work. spoke at an event for LGBT Also published was the first History Month and in April, TUC guidance on Autism and Maria Exall, Phyll Opoku- the Workplace, written by Gyimah and others addressed Janine Booth (RMT), and an an LGBT People’s Assembly updated edition of Dyslexia event sponsored by Unite. The in the Workplace, by Brian TUC campaign was tailored Hagan. Committee chair for an LGBT audience in the Seán McGovern represented work around Pride (below). the TUC at a workshop A briefing was published for disability champions in on the impact of austerity Ethiopia. Discussion with on LGBT mental health. political parties was undertaken seeking commitments to 47 SECTION FOUR RESPECT AND A VOICE AT WORK

The largest-ever survey of the 4.6 WOMEN WORKERS The TUC welcomed the news experience of LGB workers by in 2013 that the EHRC had Manchester Business School Chaired by Pat Stuart, the been granted funding by the confirmed that LGB workers TUC Women’s Committee has Department for Business, are two and a half times more continued to lead the TUC’s Innovation and Skills to carry likely to face harassment at work on gender equality in out an in-depth investigation work, with significant health the workplace. Key areas of into the extent and nature impacts, demonstrating that work for the TUC Women’s of pregnancy discrimination. despite legal progress the daily Committee over 2013–14 have This is a much-needed experiences of LGB workers been pregnancy discrimination, piece of research as the last continue to be blighted by older women workers, the investigation on this scale widespread prejudice. The impact of domestic violence took place a decade ago. In position of trans workers on women’s working lives, line with the resolution, the is even worse and the TUC women’s labour market position TUC is gathering evidence and has continued to highlight and the gender pay gap. case studies to complement this. A new edition of TUC the work of the EHRC and to guidance LGBT Equality In furtherance of Resolution illustrate the discrimination at Work was published. 60, Women in Male Dominated still faced by pregnant women Industries, unionlearn and women returning to For Pride, the TUC provided commissioned a report into work from maternity leave. material focusing on campaign the under-representation of priorities and ran a high- women and ethnic minorities In line with Resolution 62, the profile advertising campaign in the Apprenticeships system. TUC has worked to highlight in the LGBT community media. The TUC has supported a the impact of employment law A significant impact was photography project that aims reforms and the introduction achieved at Pride London. to challenge stereotypes of of tribunal fees on women. Billy Hayes addressed the women in male-dominated The TUC’s work in this area rally for the General Council. industries. Unionlearn is reported in detail in the Support was also provided commissioned a set of Employment Rights section. for UK Black Pride. portraits of young women apprentices in male-dominated Work continues around tackling sectors. These pictures were OLDER WOMEN prejudice in education and displayed at Congress House sport, hate crime, domestic after being launched at an In 2013, the TUC undertook a abuse and HIV awareness. Apprenticeship Ambassadors project called Age Immaterial. Network awards ceremony. The objective was to examine Resolution 80 at Congress 2013 the issues facing women over condemned the oppression of Resolution 61 called on the 50 in the workplace and to LGBT people worldwide. The TUC to gather evidence and create an evidence base for TUC supported protests at campaign on the issue of policy proposals relating to reactionary legislation in Russia, pregnancy discrimination. TUC this often overlooked group. Uganda and Nigeria and has has continued to support the The project encompassed campaigned to raise awareness Valuing Maternity campaign, social media, polling, surveys with sister unions and among which calls for investment of union members, case LGBT communities in Britain. in maternity services, better studies and focus groups. Advice has been available for leave entitlements for new union members posted to work parents, and an end to In October 2013, the TUC in hostile countries. A campaign pregnancy discrimination. commissioned a YouGov poll is being run to establish legal to gather information about equality in the Channel Islands. parents’ and grandparents’ caring responsibilities. The TUC also carried out an online survey of union members over the age of 50 to gather information about caring and work. This survey generated over 5,000 responses. 48 “The TUC launched a joint campaign with Women’s Aid calling on the AGE IMMATERIAL government to ratify the Istanbul WOMEN Convention – a Council of Europe OVER 50 IN THE convention on violence against women.”

WORKPLACE SECTION FOUR A TUC REPORT

VIOLENCE AGAINST CHILDCARE WOMEN AND GIRLS Two separate childcare In late 2013, the TUC carried announcements were made out an online survey on the as part of the 2013 budget. impact of domestic violence First, a £750m subsidy to cover on working lives. The survey 20 per cent of the childcare concluded in February 2014 and costs per child under five for provides an important evidence working parents not on tax base for unions to use when credits or Universal Credit making the case to employers (except for households in which for domestic violence policies. a lone parent or both parents The TUC also worked with The findings of the survey earn more than £150,000). Grandparents Plus to organise have been presented to union Second, an additional £200m focus groups in May 2013, which equality ofcers and to the of support will be provided explored the views of both ETUC women’s committee as within Universal Credit, which parents and grandparents in well as the women’s committees according to the Treasury will relation to the regular childcare of several afliated unions. cover 85 per cent of childcare many grandparents provide. costs for households qualifying On the UN International for the Universal Credit A final report was published Day for the Elimination of childcare element where the in February 2014 detailing Violence Against Women 2013 lone parent or both earners the labour market and social (on 25 November), the TUC in a couple pay income tax. pressures facing women over 50 launched a joint campaign in work and proposing a series with Women’s Aid calling The TUC responded to the ‘Tax of policy recommendations. The on the government to ratify Free Childcare’ consultation key findings of the report were the Istanbul Convention – a and argued that, while all that, although more women Council of Europe convention investment in childcare is over the age of 50 are in work on violence against women. welcome, the scheme, which than ever before, this age group The TUC’s petition gathered is aimed at higher earners, is still faring badly in terms of more than 1,000 signatures and is poorly targeted and such pay, discrimination and the was submitted to the Home large investment in support pressures of juggling working Secretary in January 2014. for families earning £300,000 with caring responsibilities. per annum is hard to justify The report generated In November 2013 150 people when comparatively little is significant media interest. gathered for ‘Reclaim the Night’ being invested in supporting in Newcastle, focusing on the low-income families. impact of domestic violence.

49 SECTION FOUR RESPECT AND A VOICE AT WORK

The TUC has also supported 4.7 RACE EQUALITY In pursuance of the 2013 other organisations such as Congress Resolution 63, the Women’s Budget Group in The Race Relations Committee, Discriminatory Working asserting that both schemes chaired by Gloria Mills, has Environments, the TUC has ofer too little support, too continued to work on a range of been assisting afliates in late. The first scheme will start race equality issues, prioritising the entertainment industry only in 2015, while those on its eforts to improve the to pursue a campaign that is tax credits or Universal Credit organisation and recruitment aimed at getting employers to will have to wait until 2016 of black workers and look at introduce ethnic monitoring of for their improved support. ways in which it can contribute permanent staf and freelance With childcare costs soaring towards to the TUC’s Campaign staf who are involved in well above inflation, support Plan. As part of its work to productions. The TUC has is needed now rather than organise and strengthen also campaigned against in several years’ time. union involvement, the Race the introduction of fees for Relations Committee has been employment tribunals in The 2014 TUC Women’s working with TUC Education accordance with the resolution Conference included a to set up a mentoring scheme, and has been highlighting the social media action in which will support current efects that the fees system has support of a Gingerbread and encourage new black had in significantly decreasing campaign highlighting the trade union activists to play a the ability of black workers impact of childcare costs proactive role in their unions. to seek justice through the on single mothers. employment tribunal system. The TUC has continued to The TUC is continuing to The TUC will continue to lobby the government through promote collective bargaining campaign on childcare and the Ethnic Minority Advisory as the most efective way will continue to support Group (EMAG), which has of challenging racism in the organisations such as Working been reconstituted as the workplace and has worked Families, the Child Poverty Ethnic Minority Employment with the Working Lives Action Group and Gingerbread Stakeholder Group (EMESG) Research Institute on a follow- with a reduced membership. up European research project The TUC has reconvened Wilf Sullivan, TUC Race Equality looking at changes that have the Early Years Network Ofcer, and Collette Cork- taken place in the workplace of unions representing the Hurst, Unite National Ofcer for and in the way that unions are early years’ workforce. Equalities and a member of the dealing with racism since the TUC Race Relations Committee, economic crash in 2008. A continue to be members of the seminar is planned for autumn group. The TUC has lobbied 2014 to look at changes in the the government through the UK. The TUC’s Working Against group on the disproportionately Racism booklet will be updated. poor access to Apprenticeship for young black workers. A study on Apprenticeships and Equality that was commissioned by unionlearn for the National Apprenticeship Service was presented at the EMESG and encouraged the group to demand that the government and skills funding agency should develop a proper strategy for addressing the under- representation of young black workers in Apprenticeships.

50 “The General Council has continued to prioritise work on challenging the racism of the far right.”

The General Council has TUC YOUNG continued to prioritise work WORKERS’ FORUM SECTION FOUR on challenging the racism of the far right. The TUC helped Over the last year the TUC coordinate trade union input Young Workers’ Forum has into the successful 22 March continued in its eforts to be 2014 ‘Stand Up to Racism a more campaign-focused and Fascism’ rally in Trafalgar body that reaches out to Square. The rally was organised both young members and to coincide with the United young workers not currently YOUNG WORKERS’ MONTH Nations call for the elimination members of unions. of racial discrimination and The TUC ran its first ever to draw attention to the UK's In March, the Young Workers’ Young Members’ Month international obligations to Conference agreed to in March 2014. The month tackle racism and xenophobia change the age qualification was marked by a number of and to highlight the growing rules for delegates to the events and activities aimed opposition of trade unions, anti- Young Workers’ Forum and specifically at young workers racist/fascists campaigners and Conference. Under the new and members, organised by migrant worker organisations rules, delegates will need to the TUC and 11 TUC afliates. to the increasingly racist and qualify as a young member xenophobic rhetoric that under the rules of the union The TUC published My Union, has surrounded the debate that they will be representing; My Voice!, which highlighted on the immigration and the for unions without a rule the work carried out by young growing hostility towards defining a young member trade unionists who had not vulnerable communities. the age qualification will only joined unions but also remain at 27 and under, as joined in with union activity. The will the rule for the occupant publication told their stories of the young workers’ seat of what motivated them to get 4.8 YOUNG WORKERS on the General Council. active and the campaigns and activities they were involved in. The focus of the TUC’s work The Young Members’ Forum over the last year has been continued to hold open The TUC also hosted a Youth on building the capacity of forums alongside its quarterly Unemployment Summit in the Young Workers’ Forum meetings. Over the year Liverpool with colleagues from and union young workers’ open forums were held in the TUC’s sister confederations networks to campaign Manchester, Newcastle and in Scotland, Wales and Ireland. efectively and address issues Cardif on issues such as pay, The summit provided an such as youth unemployment employment rights and skills. opportunity for young activists and pay. Highlights of the last from each nation to discuss the year included the first-ever The Forum also worked with extent of youth unemployment My Union, My Voice!, a new unions and TUC departments on in their countries and the publication promoting young issues related to pay and youth issues arising from the policy trade union activists and the unemployment. Young workers responses by the respective signing of a communiqué supported the TUC’s Britain national governments. with sister confederations Needs a Pay Rise and Fair Pay on youth employment. Fortnight. The Forum also supported the TUC’s demands Trade unions in the northern for changes to government region sponsored the ‘youth policies aimed at addressing zone’ for Northern Pride. youth unemployment

51 SECTION FOUR RESPECT AND A VOICE AT WORK

The outcome from the summit 4.9 WORKER VOICE Workers’ Voice in Corporate was a communiqué setting Governance: A European out keys policy demands The TUC has continued to perspective explored ways in on youth unemployment develop its work on workers’ which workers are represented and a commitment for the voice. Proposals for worker in corporate governance youth sections of each representation on company systems across Europe. It confederation to work together boards have been developed highlighted the fact that more closely on the issue of alongside proposals for workers’ representation on youth unemployment and strengthening workers’ voice company boards is found promoting union membership more broadly. In addition to in 19 European countries, among young workers. the TUC reports below, the including many of Europe’s TUC’s priorities in this area most successful economies. Young workers took part in have been promoted in a range This included countries, the TUC's Fair Pay Fortnight, of conference presentations like the UK, that have a highlighting the message to and articles for publication. unitary board system with a the government and employers single board of directors. that they also need and deserve In October, the TUC published fair pay. A number of young two reports on workers’ voice. These reports were launched at activists and representatives Workers on Board: The case a well-attended fringe meeting of partner organisations for workers’ voice in corporate on workers’ voice at the Labour contributed guest blogs, which governance set out the ﬂaws in Party Conference, organised were published on the TUC’s the UK’s corporate governance in conjunction with the Fabian Stronger Unions blog. NUS system and the priority given Society and PIRC. Speakers National President Toni Pearce to shareholder interests. It at the launch included TUC blogged about the situation went on to explore the case General Secretary Frances facing young people when they for worker representation on O’Grady and Shadow Secretary leave education – their quest company boards. It argued for Business, Innovation and for decent employment and that workers’ interests were Skills Chuka Umunna MP. respect in the labour market. well correlated with long- term company success and In order to foster informal TUC General Secretary Frances that workers had in-depth discussion on workers’ voice, O’Grady took part in a Twitter knowledge of their company the General Secretary hosted chat on 26 March, during which that made them well placed to a dinner for senior business young workers were able to contribute to decision-making and union leaders at Congress post questions directly to her. on company boards. It went on House in early May. The to examine existing UK practice gathering was addressed by Union events included that is relevant to the role of a Christoph Dänzer, who set recruitment and organising worker board representative out his experience of worker campaigns targeted at young and also discussed some representation on a number of workers, employment rights’ of the opportunities and German supervisory boards he workshops and political challenges that workers’ has served on. The discussion, education schools. The next board representation could which was conducted under Young Workers’ Month will take bring. The report made three Chatham House rules, place in November 2014 and will policy proposals, including included a number of useful focus on the theme of activism. the recommendation suggestions for follow-up work. that a mandatory system for the representation of workers on company boards should be established.

52 In July, the TUC published Regional TUCs are increasing Economic Report Series 2014 Democracy in the Workplace: their engagement with LEPs Strengthening information on strategic boards, skills and consultation. This report partnerships and representing drew on interviews with trade trade unions on ESIF monitoring union ofcials and managers in committees and are engaging Sweden and France on how the with emerging Combined Information and Consultation Authorities and City Deals to SECTION FOUR of Employees (ICE) regulations promote a new, fairer economy. work in their countries, with a view to improving the operation of the regulations in the UK. Democracy in the Workplace: Recommendations included 4.10 HEALTH strengthening information replacing the UK rule requiring and consultation AND SAFETY 10 per cent of employees to request information and During the year the GC has consultation and establishing campaigned vigorously in in law a basic constitution for support of strong regulation collective consultation for a and enforcement of the works councils. The report health, safety and welfare of was launched at a meeting workers. It has campaigned to In June, the Executive on workers’ voice in the ensure that workers are not Committee and General Council House of Commons; speakers injured or made ill as a result agreed a paper setting a range included Jon Cruddas MP, of their work and sought to of proposals for workers’ voice. the coordinator of Labour’s ensure that afliates have These included proposals for Policy Review, and the received the information and how worker representation on TUC General Secretary. support they need in the most company boards could work in accessible and useful format practice, which covered election In July, the TUC published a and to develop workplace and nomination procedures, the new book Beyond Shareholder organisation and health and proportion or number of worker Value: the reasons and choices safety representatives. representatives required per for corporate governance board, what companies would reform, a collection of essays be covered by requirements that explored the case for SUPPORTING ACTIVISTS on board representation, moving the UK’s corporate equipping worker directors governance system beyond The TUC produced a range for their role (training and a reliance on securing short- of guidance and support for networking) and mechanisms term shareholder returns the use of health and safety for implementation. In addition, towards new structures that activists on a variety of issues. proposals for boosting would better support long- This included a guide on the collective bargaining, rights for term decision making. The health and safety issues relating unions to access workplaces, 17 essay authors, drawn from to older workers, the health increasing access to trade union the City, politics, unions and and safety consequences representation and reform academia, set out a variety of the ﬂooding of parts of of rights to information and of proposals for corporate England and Wales, and an consultation were set out. governance reform. In her update on the guidance on essay, TUC General Secretary workplace smoking to take into Frances O’Grady set out the account the recent popularity case for worker representation of electronic cigarettes. on company boards. The book, edited jointly by the TUC, NPI and SOAS, was launched at a cross-party event where Iain Wright MP, Shadow Minister for Industry, and Jesse Norman MP set out their views in response to the book. 53 SECTION FOUR RESPECT AND A VOICE AT WORK

In addition the TUC developed OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES and revised its health and safety pages on the TUC website to The TUC continued to raise highlight resources intended concerns over the lack of action for activists, and the manual on occupational diseases, in Health and Safety at Work was accordance with Resolution made available to activists in Health and safety 66, which was passed at the a digitalised version for use Time for change 2013 Congress. This included on mobile devices. The TUC A trade union manifesto assisting in the development for reclaiming health continued to publish Risks, a and safety at work of an EU-wide conference on weekly e-bulletin on health and occupational diseases held in safety, throughout the year. Brussels in December 2013.

The TUC convened meetings with health and safety WORKERS’ MEMORIAL DAY specialists from each of the afliated unions on six The TUC continued its support occasions throughout the for Workers’ Memorial Day year. The meetings allowed for and hosted a website on local an exchange of information events. In addition it developed as well as discussion on a draft questionnaire for developments within record on health and safety candidates in the European occupational health and safety. over the previous four years. Elections for use around This was circulated to MPs Workers’ Memorial Day. and other politicians, as well CAMPAIGNS as afliates and the media. In addition to these specific campaigns, the TUC was The TUC continued to campaign involved in a range of other on a wide range of health and BLACKLISTING initiatives as well as supporting safety issues during the year. It the work of afliates on produced a range of resources The TUC continued to support issues such as North Sea for afliates and health and the construction unions in Helicopters, where it backed safety representatives to their work on the scandal of calls by unions calling for the support these campaigns blacklisting of construction grounding of Super Puma as well as using both the workers for a range of reasons, helicopters in accordance traditional and social media. including health and safety. with Emergency Resolution 1 This included the organising passed at the 2013 Congress, of a Day of Action against and bullying as outlined in TUC HEALTH AND blacklisting on 20 November Congress Resolution 68. SAFETY MANIFESTO 2013, which culminated in successful lobbying of the Health and wellbeing at work The most high-profile campaign House of Commons. has also been a key feature in was the promotion of the TUC’s a number of regions, ensuring Health and Safety Manifesto for trade unions are at the heart of reclaiming health and safety at SELF-EMPLOYED WORKERS promoting healthy workplaces, work, Health and Safety: Time improving lives and quality for change. The TUC produced The TUC conducted a vigorous of life at work, including a briefing papers on most of campaign against proposals particular focus on raising the 10 measures outlined in by the government to remove issues of mental health at work. the manifesto. It also met with the protection of the Health opposition politicians to seek and Safety at Work Act from support for the proposals. self-employed workers. It met The Manifesto was followed with several politicians at all by a second document: Toxic, stages of the Deregulation Bill Corrosive and Hazardous, which and produced a number of exposed the government’s briefings for parliamentarians.

54 THE HEALTH AND COMPENSATION In June the IIAC concluded a SAFETY EXECUTIVE substantial investigation into In April 2014 the TUC, the Industrial Injuries Scheme’s The TUC was represented on in conjunction with the ‘presumption’ regulation. The the Board of the Health and Association of Personal Injury Council’s report recommends Safety Executive by General Lawyers (APIL), produced additions to the diseases Council member Paul Kenny a report which showed that where a claimant’s condition and head of the Equality and compensation claims had can be presumed to have been SECTION FOUR Employment Rights Department fallen considerably in the caused by their employment Sarah Veale. Throughout the UK and the vast majority of and new time rules that are year, TUC board members workers who are injured or more appropriate to each played an active part in made ill at work received no prescribed disease for some the HSE decisions. Prior to compensation whatsoever. others. The numbers likely to each meeting copies of the be afected are small: most papers were circulated to The TUC continued to support prescribed diseases (including the afliates for comments the principle that all workers nearly all those most commonly and reports of meetings should be entitled to claim claimed) already benefit from of the Board were sent to compensation if injured or presumption. Furthermore, afliates after each meeting. made ill as a result of work, most of the diseases where and that that was best done the time rule is being extended It worked with the HSE with the support of trade are already administered to seek to develop ways union legal services. as if the new rules apply. in which the HSE could respond to complaints and concerns of trade union safety INDUSTRIAL INJURIES EXTERNAL BODIES representatives and developed ADVISORY COMMITTEE a process for ensuring that The TUC continued to work safety representatives could act The TUC continues to be closely with the Hazards on an early warning system. represented on the Industrial Movement as well as other Injuries Advisory Council organisations in the field The TUC sat on the review of (IIAC) by Claire Sullivan from of occupational safety the HSE conducted by Martin CSP, Fergus Whitty, formerly and health. It provides Temple, Chair of the EEF, which of Unite, and Richard Exell administrative support for reported in January 2014. from the TUC ofce. the All Party Parliamentary This review was extremely Group on Occupational supportive of the work of In May, after considering the Safety and Health and its the HSE and the tripartite relevant scientific evidence, Asbestos Sub Committee. nature of the body. Following the IIAC recommended that the Temple Review, a review Dupuytren’s contracture should TUC nominees sat on a range group was set up to look at be added to the list of diseases of external bodies including the application of the HSE’s prescribed for the Industrial the Faculty of Occupational Fee for Intervention. Dan Injuries Scheme for work of 10 Medicine, the Council for Work Shears of the GMB represented years or more involving use and Health, the Health and the TUC on the Review. of hand-held powered tools. Work Programme Board of Similar investigations did not Public Health England and the The TUC continued to express find sufcient evidence to add Work, Health and Wellbeing concerns over the lack of bladder cancer for hairdressers, Stakeholder Council. inspection and enforcement barbers and textile workers activity by the HSE and also or cancers of the oesophagus over the reductions in the and cervix for dry cleaners. number and range of Approved Codes of Practice and guidance.

Paul Kenny also represented employee interests on the Board of the Ofce of Nuclear Regulation. 55 SECTION FOUR RESPECT AND A VOICE AT WORK

Local and migrant workers harvesting cabbages, Lancashire. © John Harris/reportdigital.co.uk 4.11 MIGRATION

The TUC continues to argue for a rights-based approach to migration and for labour market regulation and resources to prevent exploitation of migrant workers and undercutting of existing workforces. The TUC opposes the government’s artificial cap on net migration and attempts to clamp down on freedom of movement through restrictions on migrant access to benefits, health and housing. The TUC made submissions to the Home Ofce and the Department of Health opposing the Immigration Act (2014) that introduced NHS fees for non-EU migrants and more document checks. The TUC has councils, Hope Not Hate, The South West TUC produced updated its Your Rights at Work migrant rights groups and Truth, Lies and Immigration, information and will provide this media charity Migrant Voice. dispelling the myths about in 13 languages for unions and migrants and explaining the migrant worker groups to use. The EU Advisory Committee real experiences of migrant on the Free Movement of workers in the region. This The TUC is developing Workers met twice. The TUC publication was issued in other messages to counter anti- representative is Rosa Crawford. regional versions throughout immigration rhetoric, including At the March meeting, the TUC England and Wales. polling which found that supported a new EU Directive concerns around migration are to provide more information Midlands TUC is running a closely linked with concerns to mobile workers in the EU. Development Fund project about the welfare system, the The TUC has participated in a building trade union links in squeeze on services, the lack European Commission-funded migrant communities, giving of decent job opportunities project with union partners a voice to migrant workers. and low pay. The most popular in Hungary and Romania on progressive messages were developing information for about cracking down on migrant workers through zero-hours contracts and transnational cooperation. employers taking on migrants The TUC hosted a workshop as cheap labour, suggesting the in April where unions from importance of messages that Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland and focus on everyone’s right to fair Romania shared best practice wages and stable contracts, on supporting migrants. and the role unions can play in The workshop featured an delivering them. Poll findings address from Mohammad were presented to the General Taj, the General Council Council in February and are spokesperson on migration, being used to develop and who also participated in an promote progressive messages ETUC project to share best on migration in a TUC project practice in supporting migrants. in Corby, Manchester and Southampton, working with regional unions, trades union

56 “The TUC helped fund ETI programme SUPPLY CHAINS work on supply chains in the garment The TUC’s representative on sector in Bangladesh, wooden furniture the Board of the Ethical Trading in Vietnam and horticulture in Peru.” Initiative (ETI), Ben Moxham, was replaced in November by Owen Tudor. The TUC 4.12 DECENT WORK FORCED LABOUR AND helped fund ETI programme SECTION FOUR AND SUPPLY CHAINS DOMESTIC WORKERS work on supply chains in the garment sector in Bangladesh, The TUC is represented on the The TUC continues to oppose wooden furniture in Vietnam governing body of the ILO, trafcking and forced labour, and horticulture in Peru. with Sam Gurney re-elected and supports the campaign as a titular member during for the reinstatement of the In line with Resolution 76 the 2014 conference, serving Overseas Domestic Workers’ from the 2013 Congress, in as worker spokesperson on visa and UK ratification of ILO April the TUC marked the multinational enterprises and Convention 189 on domestic first anniversary of the Rana on the steering board of the workers, taking part in Justice Plaza collapse, calling for International Programme for 4 Domestic Workers’ rallies and companies to pay into the the Elimination of Child Labour. conferences and making verbal compensation fund. The representation to ministers TUC launched an e-action The employers’ group continued and written representations and joined a human chain its assault on the principle that in formal consultations on on Oxford Street with Clean the right to strike is implicit in measures such as the Modern Clothes Campaign. The General ILO Convention 87, seeking to Slavery Bill and the ILO Secretary urged ministers to insert a disclaimer stating that Protocol on Forced Labour. encourage companies to pay C87 did not provide a basic up, and in June Department right to take industrial action While welcoming the Bill, the for International Development into relevant conclusions of the TUC’s submission to the Joint (DFID) Minister Alan Duncan Committee on Application of Parliamentary Committee joined other EU development Standards, which the workers’ scrutinising the legislation ministers in doing so. group refused to accept. The pointed out its deficiencies, dispute is now likely to be which convinced the Committee The TUC has met with DFID considered by the International but the government made only ministers and ofcials in the Court of Justice, but for the minor alterations to the Bill Dhaka ofce, stressing the second time in three years and, together with Anti-Slavery essential role of unions in the Committee – in which International and the ETI, the improving factories, and the the TUC was represented by TUC will press for amendments need for the DFID to support Amanda Brown (NUT) – was as the Bill proceeds. trade union capacity in the unable to agree outcomes garment sector programme in the majority of cases. The TUC was represented by begun in 2013. The General Anooshah Farakish (Unite) Secretary urged the Foreign Progress was made towards on the ILO Committee which Secretary to call for freedom an instrument facilitating discussed a new protocol on of association in the labour transitions from the informal forced labour. The protocol law and Rosa Crawford to the formal economy. The was adopted with government met with unions in Dhaka committee, attended by support, despite initial concerns. in February to discuss Steve Craig (UCATT), will possible solidarity support. conclude next year. The ILO will research and promote pro- employment growth strategies after agreement from the Committee on the Strategic Priority of Employment, covered by Stephen Russell.

57 SECTION FOUR RESPECT AND A VOICE AT WORK

PLAYFAIR 4.13 SOCIAL EUROPE In November the TUC launched a joint brochure with the CBI The TUC’s Playfair campaign is In line with the call for an and public sector employers, backing the ITUC call for FIFA informed and balanced debate incorporating good-practice to ‘Re-run the Vote’ if workers’ in the 2013 General Council examples of inclusive labour rights continue to be denied in statement on Europe, the TUC markets. In June the TUC, CBI 2022 World Cup hosts Qatar, ran the project A Europe that and CEEP submitted their first where migrants are trapped in Works for Britain with EU funds. joint implementation report on the country by their employers. The project raised awareness the framework of actions on The TUC also wants Qatar’s through regional events and by youth employment, focusing on laws to allow the formation of commissioning studies on the training and Apprenticeships. free trade unions by migrants, rights and economic benefits and proper law enforcement. delivered by EU membership. The TUC-nominated members The TUC submitted responses, of the tripartite EU Economic The GMB, UCATT and Unite some covered elsewhere, and Social Committee, which visited Qatar in December and to several calls for evidence meets nine times a year March to see for themselves under the government’s and produces opinions on the dangerous workplace Balance of Competences EU measures and its own conditions and unsanitary and Review. In particular, in its initiatives, are Christine Blower crowded accommodation, submission on employment (NUT), Sandy Boyle (Unite/ meeting workers who had had and social rights, the TUC STUC), Peter Coldrick (TUC), their passports confiscated argued against repatriation. Nick Crook (UNISON), Brian or who had not been paid Curtis (RMT/Wales TUC), Judy for months. Also in March, The TUC was represented McKnight (NAPO), Monica the TUC supported a visit in the EU social dialogue by Taylor (Unite) and Kathleen by Jim Murphy MP, Shadow Elena Crasta. In October the Walker Shaw (GMB). International Development social partners adopted a joint Secretary, which attracted declaration on involvement ) substantial media coverage, in European economic and persuaded him to urge the governance, calling for a more DFID to extend its programme systematic participation of on forced labour among social partners in national plans. domestic workers in the region In December negotiations to cover construction workers. began on updating the social partners’ 2007 joint analysis CUT Brazil’s Antonio de Lisboa of the labour market in light Vale attended the Tolpuddle of the financial crisis and to Rally in July to address a make new recommendations. fringe meeting on workers’ rights and sport with MPs Kerry McCarthy and Chris Williamson, and subsequently addressed the main rally.

58 SECTION5 FIVE STRONG UNIONS

59 SECTION FIVE STRONG UNIONS

5.1 INTRODUCTION “Across the economy union membership was higher among women, older workers, The trade union movement has continued to respond well those in full-time, permanent jobs and to the sustained attacks on those with professional qualifications.” it. There has been a continual barrage against our right to organise, strike and support In the private sector, Union density in the public our members. The government membership increased by sector remained relatively has tried to undermine 61,000 to 2.6 million and stable and stood at 55.4 per the efectiveness of our density was 14.4 per cent. In the cent. Collective bargaining representatives by seeking to public sector membership fell coverage in the public sector stop or reduce facility time. for the fourth consecutive year has been subject to some of and stood at 3,816,000, down the most fluctuating figures in Yet only strong trade unions 67,000 on the figure for 2012. recent years. Between 2007 can deliver a sustainable and 2010 it fell by almost 7 and fair economy. Inequality Collective bargaining increased per cent, rallied in 2011 but fell helped drive the crash and slightly to 29.5 per cent and again by 4 per cent in 2012. makes the recovery fragile. We in the private sector increased In 2013 it stabilised and stood need unions to give workers a to 16.6 per cent. Bargaining at 63.8 per cent. Unions were collective voice and strength, coverage in the public sector, present in over 85.4 per cent otherwise the imbalance in the which had fallen by almost of public sector workplaces. relationship between employer four per cent between 2011 and and employed gets worse. 2012, stabilised and was 63.8 Union membership in the per cent. In workplaces with 50 private sector, which had fallen Building stronger unions is or more employees, bargaining by almost one million (27 always top of the General coverage was 41.4 per cent. per cent) between 1995 and Council list of priorities and we 2010, increased for the third are proud of the support we The impact of the coalition consecutive year to 2,572,000. have given to workers both in government’s cuts programme This represented an increase the UK and internationally. continued to be felt in the of over 160,000 (or seven per public sector. In the 15 years cent) since 2010. Just over 40 between 1995 and 2010 union per cent of union members membership in the public are now in the private sector. 5.2 ORGANISING sector increased by 340,000; Bargaining coverage in the however, these gains have been private sector increased to 16.6 The 2014 Labour Force Survey almost wiped out in just three per cent and trade unions were was published in May and years. Membership has fallen present in 28.7 per cent of all reported on the current state by almost a quarter of a million private sector workplaces. of union membership and since 2010 and fell by 67,000 organisation. Between 2012 in the last year to 3,816,000. Increases in membership and 2013 the total number There were significant falls in ‘transport and storage’, of trade union members in the number of union ‘financial and insurance fell by 6,000 to 6,449,000. members working in ‘public activities’ and ‘arts, Overall union density fell administration’ (down 13,000) entertainment and recreation’ slightly to 25.6 per cent and in and ‘education’ (down 33,000). contributed to the overall workplaces with 50 or more increase in private sector employees was 33.8 per cent. membership and suggest that the increase can’t be attributed solely to the transfer of workers from the public sector.

60 Across the economy union membership was higher among women, older 41.4%In workplaces with 50 or more employees, workers, those in full-time, bargaining coverage was 41.4 per cent. permanent jobs and those with professional qualiﬁcations. The union wage premium was News from the private sector Older workers account for greater for women and younger was more encouraging – a larger proportion of union workers. It was 30 per cent for membership up for the members than younger workers. women, 38 per cent for workers third consecutive year and Density among workers aged aged 16 to 24, and 30 per cent bargaining coverage up over the 35 to 49 was 29.3 per cent for those aged 25 to 34. last year. The work of unions, and among workers aged organisers and workplace

50 plus was 32.8 per cent. These latest figures were reps in achieving this should SECTION FIVE Approximately 37 per cent of both encouraging in that they be acknowledged. However, union members are aged 50 demonstrated the relative this should not disguise the or over against 27 per cent of resilience of unions through fact that unions represented all employees being in this age the financial crisis and the considerably less than one-fifth group. Density among workers recession that followed, but of all private sector workers. aged 16 to 24 fell to 7.7 per cent also cautionary in that they and the number of workers illustrated the industrial and The low level of membership aged 20 to 24 who were in a demographic challenges that and density among younger union fell to less than one in 10. confront the movement. workers and the increasing age profile of union members More than one-third of all union Taking into account the should be seen alongside the members are in professional economy as a whole, recent Acas report Worker occupations and density among membership and density Representation in Great Britain, professionals was 45 per across the economy has held which identified that union cent. More than a quarter of up relatively well since 2008, representatives were older and managers were union members. though that is not to ignore the less diverse than the workforce membership losses in the public as a whole. The proportion The union wage premium was sector of almost a quarter of of workplace reps over 50 greater for workers in the a million. Since 2008 total increased, while the proportion public sector (19.8 per cent) union membership has fallen aged 30 and under fell. Taken than for those in the private by 420,000 and density fell together, these findings suggest sector (seven per cent). The by just short of two per cent. that ‘next generation’ trade average hourly earnings of unionism should move up the union members in both sectors The recorded decline in public agenda of unions and the TUC. increased between 2012 and sector membership for 2013 of 2013. The union wage premium 67,000 was the second highest in the private sector declined by since 2008, though some way just over 8 per cent since 1995. short of the 177,000 members lost between 2010 and 2011.

“News from the private sector was more encouraging – membership up for the third consecutive year and bargaining coverage up over the last year.”

61 SECTION FIVE STRONG UNIONS

Work to deliver the priorities Regions have rightly been Over the last year the in the ‘Strong Unions’ section celebrating the work of union Organising Academy trained of the TUC Campaign Plan reps, with reps’ awards at almost 200 union ofcers will continue to focus on regional conferences and reps’ who took part in 1,400 hours the following areas: award evenings to showcase of accredited training. Unions the tremendous work that represented on Organising ! Building capacity – which unions reps do. The publication Academy courses over the will address the training Unions at Work in the South last year included ASLEF, ATL, of ofcers, organisers and West provided a showcase BECTU, CSP, CWU, Equity, workplace reps via the of the diference unions can GMB, MU, NAPO, NASUWT, Organising Academy and make. The Midlands TUC NUT, PCS, Prospect, TSSA, Trade Union Education. Reps Awards attracted an UCU, UNISON and Unite. audience of 200 union activists ! Reaching out – which will and was addressed by TUC The Organising Academy include the TUC Young President Mohammad Taj. continued to support the Workers’ Forum priority development and delivery of campaigns and the work Regional TUCs continue individual unions’ organising exploring the potential to celebrate union history, strategies. Over the last year for establishing a gateway including the 10th Chainmakers the Organising Academy into union membership Festival in the Midlands, worked with a number of unions for young workers and marking the 100 year to develop bespoke training for developing and utilising the anniversary of the Cornwall support staf and lay leadership. existing Worksmart site. China Clay strike, the Burston Unions for whom the Organising school strike and, of course, Academy provided bespoke ! Promoting unions – which the Durham Miners Gala and support were ASLEF, NUJ, NUT, will include work to highlight the Tolpuddle Festival. PCS, Prospect and UNISON. and promote the positive impact of unions and union representatives. The TUC will THE TUC ORGANISING LEADING CHANGE publish an updated version of ACADEMY the Union Advantage, which The TUC ran a successful collates a set of statistics The Organising Academy Leading Change programme in demonstrating the work continues to work with TUC 2013/14, with 20 participants of unions and reps across afliates to build union capacity representing 12 unions. a range of areas. We will on organising and campaigning Recruitment for the 2014/15 also be seeking the support and is run in partnership with programme, which will once and cooperation of unions Ruskin College, Oxford. again be run in partnership in publishing a set of case with Birkbeck College and the studies demonstrating the The emphasis over the last Harvard University Labor & union efect in public and year was on delivering the Worklife Programme, has been private sector workplaces. Organising Academy Core just as successful, with the Training Programme, which programme oversubscribed. includes the Diploma in Organising, the Certiﬁcate in Advanced Organising, the Award in Communications and Campaigns and the Award in Supporting Organising.

62 Gail Cartmail of Unite at the Qatari embassy in London as part of a Workers Memorial Day protest against loss of lives in the construction industry building the stadiums for the 2022 Football World Cup. © Stefano Cagnoni/reportdigital.co.uk

THE RIGHT FOR TRADE UNION REPRESENTATIVES TO CARRY OUT THEIR ROLE

Resolution 73 carried at Congress 2013 called for the TUC to support eforts by unions to retain properly resourced workplace representation and to secure the withdrawal of unhelpful advice from government departments on

workplace consultation and SECTION FIVE moves to end check of.

Over the last year the focus of the government’s ideologically motivated attack on trade union facilities in the public sector has moved to attempts to end check of. The Department 5.3 GLOBAL The TUC worked with UN of Communities and Local SOLIDARITY staf unions to press for their Government was at the collective bargaining rights forefront of this attack but was The TUC continues to work with to be restored, including successfully challenged in the global union bodies, afliates approaches to the UN Secretary high court by PCS. Attempts to and development and human General and the Foreign end check of have struggled rights NGOs such as Amnesty Secretary, and a LabourStart to secure the support of International to promote e-action. Union rights were Liberal Democrat members workers’ and union rights fully restored in May. of the government; however, globally, including TUC Aid right-wing Conservative MPs projects. Sally Hunt continues have continued to attack to be the General Council’s AMERICAS all trade union facilities international spokesperson, with and lobby government Billy Hayes covering Europe. After union leader Huber for more restrictions. Ballesteros was arrested as he The 2013 Congress carried was due to travel to address The TUC has supported unions Resolutions 77 and 79 on the 2013 Congress the TUC through the PSLG and via the attacks on trade unions and demanded that the Colombian Equality and Employment freedom of musical expression, government drop all charges. Rights Department in making which the TUC has implemented A photo action at Congress representations to government through its work on global provided powerful images used in relation to paid time of for solidarity, raising awareness of in campaigning. In response union reps and promoting the the problems faced by unions to the Congress Emergency role of union reps and unions abroad and global campaigns Resolution 2 on the issue, the generally. The TUC has provided to defend trade unionists, TUC continued to provide support to reps through the and promoting policies in political and financial support Facility Time eNote developed international institutions to to Justice for Colombia (JFC). by Trade Union Education and strengthen unions, including The British Embassy in Bogotá running regional briefings for with the Foreign and was successfully pressed to visit reps and union ofcers. The Commonwealth Ofce. Some Mr Ballesteros in prison and TUC has also provided briefings of these are mentioned below, monitor the legal proceedings to opposition MPs speaking in and more are covered on the against him. Despite JFC and debates on trade union facilities. TUC Stronger Unions website. TUC lobbying to rally opposition to it, the EU-Colombia-Peru free trade agreement was ratified

63 SECTION FIVE STRONG UNIONS

by the UK in late 2013: the ASIA-PACIFIC to see the Commonwealth TUC is now working with the Secretary-General in July. ETUC to press the European The TUC submitted evidence to Commission to fully implement the International Development The TUC raised concerns the agreement’s human rights Select Committee on Burma, about the escalating monitoring mechanism (see supporting increased funding restrictions on union rights the Overview of the year). Paul from the Department for in Korea, joining global Nowak, TUC assistant general International Development protests in January, including secretary visited Colombia (DFID) but stressing the a demonstration outside the as part of a JFC delegation need for funding for union Korean Embassy in London. in July 2014. The TUC also capacity building and The General Secretary wrote unsuccessfully opposed a UK- for enforceable ethical to the Ambassador of Korea Colombia bilateral investment guidelines for UK companies to oppose the derecognition treaty, agreed in July. investing in Burma. The TUC of the transport workers’ attended regular stakeholder union and the imprisonment of The GMB, TUC and Unite brieﬁngs with Ministers their members and to protest visited the banana unions of and civil society leaders. against the imprisonment of Guatemala to see the impact the General Secretary of the of TUC Aid funding and to The TUC raised concerns union federation KCTU. support the biggest banana about the violation of union union, SITRABI, in its campaign rights in the garment sector for justice in the cases of 12 in Cambodia. The General EUROPE murdered members, helping Secretary wrote to the gain access to key government Ambassador of Cambodia In the light of Congress ofcials. This was followed by to protest against the Resolution 78 on solidarity with a campaign on Going to Work imprisonment in January of Greek workers, the TUC ensured that has seen 3,000 people 23 garment workers striking that unions were aware of the contact the Attorney General’s for a living wage. While these problems austerity was causing ofce demanding justice. The workers were eventually freed in Greece, and circulated details TUC continues to support after ﬁve months in prison, the of Greece Solidarity Campaign SITRABI in organising in the TUC remains concerned that events and initiatives. Violations south, where exploitation is labour rights violations remain of trade union rights in Turkey undercutting unionised farms commonplace and in March have continued this year along across Latin America, and protested against the violent with growing authoritarianism. helping to build an international disruption of International In January 2014, the TUC support network to scrutinise Women’s Day protests. supported ITUC online action on the reaction of the Guatemalan these attacks: there were two government and employers In September the TUC sought separate court hearings dealing and to protect union activists. government support for an ILO with charges against more than commission of inquiry on Fiji, 650 people, many of them The TUC has continued to and in February wrote to the trade unionists, including the raise awareness of attacks Work and Pensions Secretary President and General Secretary on trade unions in the USA, and the CBI Director-General of KESK, the Turkish public and campaigns to build trade requesting their support: the sector confederation; a letter of unionism in the car industry ILO governing body agreed in protest was sent to the Turkish (especially the VW campaign March to establish a commission Ambassador in London. In May in Chattanooga) and to raise if the regime did not accept condolences were sent to the minimum wages through state an ILO mission back into the Turkish unions on the death action and collective bargaining. country before the elections. of some 245 Turkish miners In April, following the decision in Soma. The TUC supported by the Commonwealth to the statements of the ITUC relax Fiji’s suspension, the on Ukraine, and stressed the General Secretary urged the importance of peace and social Foreign Secretary to press for justice in securing a sustainable reconsideration, and the TUC resolution to the crisis. took part in an ITUC delegation

64 MIDDLE EAST/ The TUC has continued GLOBAL UNION NORTH AFRICA to raise awareness of and ORGANISATIONS protest at attacks on trade The TUC has supported unionists in Iran – especially The TUC afliates to the Amnesty International’s the imprisonment of union International Trade Union campaign to get Mahdi Abu leaders and the breaking up of Confederation (ITUC), Dheeb, President of the Mayday events – and in Iraq, European Trade Union Bahrain Teachers Association, where the TUC sent a solidarity Confederation (ETUC) and released from prison. message in July because of the the Trade Union Advisory attacks on trade unionists by Committee to the OECD Meetings have taken place with ISIS and the continued refusal (TUAC), and plays a leading representatives of political of the Iraqi government to role in the Commonwealth prisoners, including Mahdi’s grant trade union freedoms. Trade Union Group (CTUG).

daughter. In April the TUC SECTION FIVE supported the release of three Al Jazeera journalists SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA ITUC imprisoned by the Egyptian The ITUC held its third World authorities, and protested The TUC continued to protest Congress in Berlin in May, with at the sentences given to a against the deregistration the TUC represented by Rosa larger group – including some of Swaziland’s trade union Crawford, Billy Hayes, Diana British journalists – in June. confederation TUCOSWA, Holland, Sally Hunt, Frances and protested against O’Grady, Mohammad Taj and Following a Congress the harassment of union Owen Tudor. Sharan Burrow was resolution from 2012, the leaders and in support of re-elected General Secretary TUC has organised a General union industrial disputes. In and Joao Felicio from CUT Council delegation to Gaza in September the TUC marked Brazil was elected President in conjunction with the Palestine Independence Day in Swaziland line with TUC nominations, and Solidarity Campaign, to by writing to the Swaziland the TUC secured amendments determine how to contribute High Commission expressing to the congress statement on to the end of the blockade. concern over persistent Building Workers’ Power and After a request from the violations of workers’ rights, four-year work plans on climate Palestine General Federation pointing out that the country change, public services, the of Trade Unions to accompany had been cited in special Robin Hood Tax and LGBTI the delegation, it will now paragraphs in the reports of the rights, on which the TUC co- take place in November/ ILO Committee on Application sponsored a fringe meeting. December, entering through of Standards in the past few Israel where the delegation will years. In November the TUC The TUC continues to be also meet the new leadership expressed deep concern over represented on the ITUC of the Histadrut. In July, the the anti-trade union action General Council by Sally Hunt General Council adopted a and discrimination against and Frances O’Grady, with statement condemning the trade union ofcials in the Gail Cartmail, Gloria Mills and horrific loss of life in Gaza due financial sector in Zimbabwe Owen Tudor as substitutes, to Israeli attacks and calling following the suspension of and on the Executive Bureau for a cease fire followed by Farai Katsande, president by Frances O’Grady with peace negotiations aimed at a of the Zimbabwe Banks and Sally Hunt and Owen Tudor two-state solution as the only Allied Workers' Union. as substitutes. Diana Holland way to provide sustainable completed her term as chair of justice for the Palestinians the ITUC Women’s Committee and security for Israel. but remains a member, with Scarlet Harris as alternate.

65 SECTION FIVE STRONG UNIONS

The TUC plays a key role in the ! Worker Participation Working TUAC ITUC’s strategic approach to Group: Sean Bamford The TUC continues to argue the building a sustainable global (Janet Williamson) case in TUAC for global policies economy, campaigning for to create greater equality and social justice and equality, and ! Social Protection economic growth based on demanding workers’ rights (in Working Group: Richard decent work. Frances O’Grady particular through the ITUC Exell (Tim Sharp) continues to represent the TUC Human and Trade Union Rights on the Administrative Board, Committee), each of which was The Pan-European Regional and the TUC is active in the a sub-theme of the congress. Council executive committee development, education and met in March. TUC training, and economic policy representatives are Billy Hayes, work of TUAC: Nicola Smith ETUC Sally Hunt and Frances O’Grady. attended the biennial TUAC The Executive Committee met meetings with the IMF and in October, December, March The TUC European Network World Bank in Washington DC and June. The TUC members brings together union ofcers in March. Lord Jordan accepted are Frances O’Grady, Billy responsible for European issues another term on the Steering Hayes, Sally Hunt and Dave and, extended to other relevant Board of the National Contact Prentis, with Gloria Mills, Mark union ofcers, met six times, Point (NCP) for references Serwotka, Owen Tudor and focusing on, among other under the OECD Guidelines Elena Crasta as substitutes. matters, the Transatlantic Trade for Multinational Enterprises. Frances O’Grady is a member and Investment Partnership; of the Steering Committee. the revised public procurement directives and their domestic CTUG The TUC has continued to implementation; the Balance The annual meeting of the participate in the following of Competences Review CTUG – sponsored by the ETUC standing committees and on employment and social TUC – took place on 5 June at working groups (members as policy; and the European the ILO, and received reports at June, alternates in brackets): Parliament elections, the June from Commonwealth country meeting being addressed trade unions, feedback from ! Economic and Employment by Labour’s Shadow Europe the two union representatives Committee: Tim Page Minister Gareth Thomas MP. on the Commonwealth Civil (Elena Crasta) Society Advisory Committee The General Secretary met and from the Commonwealth ! Collective Bargaining Co- her opposite numbers in the People’s Forum (CPF) held ordination Committee: French CGT (February) and before the Commonwealth Richard Exell (Elena Crasta) FO (June) and Elena Crasta Heads of Government Meeting addressed a joint CFDT/UNSA (CHOGM) in Sri Lanka in ! Economic and Social rally in Paris on 1 May and November. Preparations began Cohesion Working attended the CFDT congress for the 2015 CHOGM to be held Group: Megan Dobney in Toulouse in May. Bilateral in Malta. Delegates expressed meetings were also held with profound concern over the ! Lifelong Learning the outgoing and incoming plight of the 200 school girls Working Group: Matt Presidents of the German DGB abducted by Boko Haram in Creagh (Kirsi Kekki) (February) and the General Nigeria, emphasised the need Secretary addressed the DGB for more action on health ! Migration and Inclusion board meeting in March. and safety issues in garment Working Group: Wilf factories in Bangladesh Sullivan (Rosa Crawford) SERTUC is working in and noted worsening partnership with union union rights in several ! Sustainable Development federations in Rome, Athens, Commonwealth countries. Working Group: Philip Madrid and Paris supporting Pearson (David Arnold) collective bargaining in local public transport and utilities. ! Trade and Globalisation Working Group: Rosa Crawford (Owen Tudor) 66 The Union Women Ofcers’ Summer School celebrated its 10th anniversary with a special reception at the House of Commons.

TUC AID

The Trustees of TUC Aid – which met in December, February and June – are Gail Cartmail (Chair), Owen Tudor (Secretary), Sheila Bearcroft, Sue Ferns, Sally Hunt, Frances O’Grady, Chris Tansley and Fiona Wilson. Trustees continued to pursue the goals set out in the TUC International Development Strategy 2011–2015. SECTION FIVE TUC Aid contributed £16,000 to the Trust Fund paying compensation to the families of the victims of the Rana Plaza disaster in Bangladesh (see Section Four.) An in-house nursery to improve food security in Gaza has been established.

Forty union ofcials completed The ITUC-TUCA Project in Haiti 5.4 TUC EDUCATION training in bargaining strategies, to strengthen the Haitian trade negotiating practices and union movement ended in 2013 Successive governments social dialogue in workshops and the TUC participated in have recognised that it is in organised under a joint TUC the evaluation workshop held the interests of the economy, Aid/BananaLink project in in Port au Prince in December. employers, workers and Guatemala. A Banana Industry Three union confederations their unions that union Round Table was established created unions in textile, representatives are properly with the support of the construction and transport. A trained to enable them to carry Ministry of Labour to address recruitment campaign focused out their increasingly complex problems in the industry on the protection, promotion and sophisticated role in UK and to facilitate dialogue and enforcement of workers’ workplaces. TUC Education and collective bargaining. rights and entitlements through occupies a unique position collective bargaining and within adult education in that access to social protection. its core purpose concerns good industrial relations, Sixty union disability equipping reps to represent champions were trained under workers and negotiate an Employment Support agreements that help ensure Programme for Workers with UK workplaces are safer, more Disabilities in Uganda. Twenty stable and fair, which in turn received further training as contributes to business success lead facilitators and are helping in reduced staf turnover the afliates of the National and sickness and improved Organisation of Trade Unions workplace performance. It to develop outreach training. has an unrivalled reach into Britain’s workplaces to provide education in partnership with around ﬁfty further education providers across the UK. And it makes an important contribution to building and maintaining strong unions. 67 SECTION FIVE STRONG UNIONS

Unions representing major Employers support the public and private sector programme through paid employers from across the release, which was estimated economy send reps for training in 2010 (using the average locally through the partnership, daily wage for that year) as a including from 2,800 private contribution of £18,596,909. sector organisations which, Unions and the TUC make a taken together, represents significant financial contribution a huge segment of the UK by stafng and managing the economy. Almost all unions programme, designing and participate in the programme Still making developing the curriculum, and it is recognised for integrity, a diference maintaining the accreditation quality and innovation (the arrangements, developing The continuing impact last 15 consecutive Ofsted of trade union education and supporting the college inspections of TUC Education on Britain’s workplaces networks and the tutor teams. departments in colleges across the UK were awarded Grade Funding pressures on further 1 ‘outstanding’, unmatched education have increased A union reps survey report by Doug Gowan in any other curriculum exponentially since the area in adult education). economic downturn and the impact of austerity policies. 2013 saw a dip in numbers to FUNDING THE PROGRAMME A 20 per cent cut in the Adult 43,756, down 8,442 on the Skills Budget for 2014–15 has 2012 figure of 52,198. A total Since the 1970s, successive meant that colleges are finding of 538 union professionals governments have supported it difcult to ofer trade union received training through TUC the TUC delivery of reps’ education, even with full fee Education in 2013 and, once training. Fees have been remission. This has been further again, more than half (57 per remitted direct to colleges exacerbated by the political cent) were women ofcials. since 2001, providing for a climate of increased hostility This remains a considerable cost-efective formula enabling towards unions. In April this programme of training, course fees to be met without year, the TUC was informed that especially when account is the administrative burden of a fee remission arrangements taken of the extreme pressure grant. It is managed centrally would be phased out in the unions and their members and administered direct academic year 2014–15 and are under in many sectors between the Skills Funding cease in 2015–16. It is estimated and is a real tribute to the Agency and partner providers. that the impact of such a sharp hard work of union education This has been a real success, transition would be devastating ofcers and TUC tutors. ensuring that thousands of to the programme and, workplace reps can access ultimately, to the partnership, TUC Education’s partnership quality training close to their as TUC Education in colleges with colleges of further workplaces without additional would cease to be viable in education, NOCN and costs to unions or employers. all but the largest units. the Workers’ Educational During the period 2001–13, Association has made it a total of 613,093 union reps possible to maintain and completed courses, achieving extend the resource base QCF-recognised qualifications for trade union education. through partner colleges, an The TUC wishes to record its outstanding contribution to appreciation of the significant UK employment relations. contribution made by its tutors, whose professionalism and commitment continues to be at the heart of the programme’s success.

68 The TUC pressed hard for a The main objective of the UNION PROFESSIONAL rethink. Detailed discussion took project is to enhance the DEVELOPMENT place with BIS ofcials to shape delivery of the online version PROGRAMME the transition and the General of TUC Education’s ﬂagship Secretary obtained agreement course, Union Representatives Now entering its 10th year, with the Secretary of State Stage 1. The new course will the Union Professional to defer implementation for a act as an exemplar and as Development Programme further year, with the phasing a model for future courses continues to evolve to meet year in 2015–16 and the ending and will inform, build and the changing needs of union of fee remission arrangements support TUC Education’s ofcers and staf. Combining in 2016–17. This gives a further internal capacity to extend a more ﬂexible learning options full year of delivering the full successful approach that can with traditional classroom- programme and retains funding be applied to future course based events, the programme is

beyond the 2015 election and delivery and development. incorporating new methods of SECTION FIVE business planning cycle. organising and communication, In order to further enhance particularly social media, Work is taking place with all the online ofer, a new while still addressing the core political parties to embed and learner management system subject areas that are essential refresh the arguments for public website and virtual learning in the daily work of union funding support for the training environment was launched in professionals. TUC Education of workplace reps and to secure 2014. This supports existing works with experienced trade an agreement on fee remission learners and embeds online and union tutors and subject with a future administration. blended learning across the experts in specialised ﬁelds programme, allowing users to to ofer the highest quality. Government support for the easily access TUC resources and work has been secured in Wales information on TUC campaigns. 2014 will see new eforts to and Scotland, where diferent It also hosts eNotes, which now include new management funding regimes apply. has more than 5,000 union and leadership options while reps registered for web-based building on the successful updates on issues such as the blended learning and TUC EDUCATION ONLINE living wage, Universal Credit, classroom-based courses. domestic abuse, bargaining On-demand bespoke courses The demand for online courses for skills and supporting for individual unions on a wide has continued to increase, apprentices. The new site range of topics in addition with more than 2,000 reps also hosts the potential for an to the multi-union scheduled obtaining full qualiﬁcations Open Badge, ofer which will programme are also provided. online in 2013. The online be developed and trialled this ofer allows reps in hard-to- year. www.tuceducation.org.uk The union women ofcers’ reach geographical locations summer school (WOSS) to access reps’ training. celebrated its 10th anniversary with a special reception at As part of the larger Jim the House of Commons. Hanna legacy project, TUC This course is designed to Education has commissioned develop the next generation an e-learning specialist of women trade union leaders to develop an innovative and has established itself approach to the delivery of its as a unique opportunity for online education programme women trade unionists. for union representatives and union professionals. Further support for union professionals is available through a dedicated website, uniquely focused on union ofcers. Registration is at www.unionprofessionals.org.uk

69 SECTION FIVE STRONG UNIONS

ORGANISING TUC Education manages a ! sponsoring a Chevening European Information project Scholarship (with the Foreign A partnership agreement is including the publication of a and Commonwealth Ofce) in place with Ruskin College quarterly journal, The European to deliver the TUC Organising Review. In addition, the project ! ofering an annual scholarship Academy within the Ruskin produces the European Union to the Harvard training TUC Education Unit. This Digest, a trade union digest of programme for union leaders partnership took efect from organisations and resources September 2009 and has been that is updated biannually. ! initiating a scholarship extended to August 2015. www.tueip.dircon.co.uk in memory of Hugh Higgins, TUC tutor. TUC Education trained 15,770 union reps in organising TUC EDUCATIONAL TRUST A new bursary supporting and recruitment strategies the MA in Industrial Relations during this Congress year. The TUC Educational at Keele University was Trust supports trade union launched this summer. education through: INTERNATIONAL AND EUROPEAN PARTNERSHIPS ! bursaries for students at Ruskin College, Coleg Harlech TUC Education continues to and Northern College be involved in transnational work that reﬂects TUC ! supporting the Clive Jenkins priorities. Trade Union Studies European Study Bursaries tutors work on courses and projects organised through the ! meeting some of the fees of European Trade Union Institute. TUC students in Scotland The TUC is represented on the ETUI Education ! supporting Organising Committee by Liz Rees. Academy students through the Roosevelt Memorial Trust TUC Education has a longstanding relationship ! supporting programmes with the United Nations at Keele University Staf Associations and delivered 12 courses this ! sponsoring bursaries for a year in various European Certiﬁcate in Professional locations for several diferent Development (CPD) in organisations, including the Union Learning at London World Health Organization, Metropolitan University UNAIDS, and the staf association federation FICSA. ! supporting the Organisation of Work, Economics and TUC tutors continue Labour Law BA course at to support Bananalink Birkbeck in association projects in Cameroon. with the Institute of Employment Rights

70 TUC Education Service Statistics 2013 Table 1: Union workplace representatives: courses 2013

Region Union Safety Specialist Short Totals ofcials representatives courses courses

Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 1 Stage 2 South & East 21 13 27 11 39 763 874 South West 10 2 10 4 4 82 112 West Midlands 12 6 15 7 22 420 482

East Midlands 4 4 6 4 9 54 81 SECTION FIVE Yorks & the Humber 12 5 13 8 49 403 490 North West 27 24 21 15 71 484 642 Northern 9 6 8 3 5 152 183 Wales 19 2 8 1 6 172 208 Scotland 11 4 21 13 10 194 253 Northern Ireland 16 5 12 4 4 12 53 Totals 141 71 141 70 219 2,736 3,378

Table 2: Union workplace representatives: students 2013

Region Union Safety Specialist Short Totals ofcials representatives courses courses

Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 1 Stage 2 South & East 196 110 231 104 375 12,539 13,555 South West 107 21 127 41 51 1,099 1,446 West Midlands 126 45 165 48 184 3,402 3,970 East Midlands 35 34 66 33 87 632 887 Yorks & the Humber 161 42 154 92 549 4,415 5,413 North West 318 256 287 157 810 8,140 9,968 Northern 98 52 90 29 53 2,002 2,324 Wales 202 16 65 12 55 2,380 2,730 Scotland 125 32 228 110 131 2,229 2,855 Northern Ireland 195 70 138 39 41 125 608 Totals 1,563 678 1551 665 2336 36,963 43,756 Percentage women 33.01 32.74 26.89 26.17 44.31 38.81 38.18

71 SECTION FIVE STRONG UNIONS

Table 3: Short course students by generic course title 2013

Generic title Students Industrial Relations/Collective Bargaining 6,856 Health & Safety 9,517 Induction 6,861 Equality 2,974 Skills/Languages 2,188 Information Communication Technology 3,468 Organising and Recruitment 977 Other* 4,122 Total 36,963 * Other courses include those organised in response to union requests.

Table 4: TUC day-release and short course provision 1995–2013

Year Union Ofcials Health & Safety Follow-on/ Short Evening Totals Stage 1 & 2 Stage 1 & 2 Specialist Courses Classes

Courses Students Courses Students Courses Students Courses Students Courses Students Courses Students 1995 395 4,503 472 5,733 118 1,335 900 10,496 84 967 1,969 23,034 1996 373 4,201 496 5,712 165 1,812 955 8,570 138 2,646 2,127 22,941 1997 330 3,703 456 5,740 182 1,916 1,023 11,377 263 3,115 2,254 25,851 1998 340 3,980 485 5,788 170 1,697 1,121 13,442 332 4,187 2,448 29,094 1999 345 4,102 443 5,375 194 2,029 1,287 14,801 336 4,205 2,605 30,512 2000 348 3,977 463 5,692 132 1,589 1,182 15,079 373 4,469 2,498 30,806 2001 307 3,560 430 5,264 118 1,379 1,570 19,157 282 3,111 2,707 32,471 2002 328 3,460 397 4,925 390 4,107 1,902 21,427 53 680 3,070 34,599 2003 288 3,161 404 4,502 562 5,252 2,135 23,873 85 1,058 3,474 37,846 2004 309 3,413 398 4,715 558 6,057 2,367 27,176 112 1,180 3,744 42,541 2005 279 2,917 353 4,021 487 4,800 2,954 33,561 82 1,203 4,155 46,502 2006 262 2,784 339 3,778 316 3,032 2,854 38,585 79 933 3,850 49,112 2007 268 2,667 355 3,781 359 3,730 3,097 41,085 130 1,367 4,209 52,630 2008 213 2,251 284 3,105 302 4,537 3,359 46,466 147 1,298 4,305 57,657 2009 202 2,155 294 3,120 314 3,105 4,018 48,483 155 1,458 4,983 58,321 2010 210 2,194 252 2,710 246 2,904 3,510 47,888 168 1,467 4,386 57,163 2011 188 1,969 240 2,522 213 2,148 2,847 39,758 134 1,550 3,622 47,947 2012 182 1,986 236 2,468 275 2,716 3,166 43,375 159 1,653 4,018 52,198 2013 212 2,241 211 2,216 219 2,336 2,592 35,589 144 1,374 3,378 43,756

72 Table 5: Percentage take-up of places on TUC 10-day and short courses 2013 (Unions with 0.5 per cent and upwards of total afliated membership)

Total afliated membership 6,455,000 Total number of students attending TUC day-release courses 6,793 Total number of students attending TUC short courses 36,963

Union % of total TUC membership % take-up of TUC course places SECTION FIVE 10-day courses Short courses Unite 20.44 10.13 24.73 UNISON 20.16 19.59 18.68 GMB 9.50 6.71 11.86 USDAW 6.59 1.77 11.13 NUT 5.07 0.24 0.40 NASUWT 4.56 0.03 2.82 PCS 4.07 9.07 4.24 CWU 3.13 0.78 5.15 ATL 1.98 0.29 0.46 Prospect 1.84 0.66 0.21 UCU 1.81 0.43 1.60 UCATT 1.31 1.28 4.68 RMT 1.20 4.55 1.93 EIS 0.85 0.40 0.29 Community 0.78 0.56 1.11 FBU 0.64 1.12 2.44 CSP 0.61 0.01 0.33 Equity 0.58 0.01 0.00

73 SECTION FIVE STRONG UNIONS

5.5 SKILLS AT WORK 5.6 UNIONLEARN

Over the past year union In the year to March 2014, learning has continued to add unionlearn supported a total of value to union membership 219,091 learners via the union and individual unions have route. ULF projects account extended their learning and for 72 per cent of this total, skills ofer with the support of TUC Education 21 per cent and the Union Learning Fund (ULF) regions 7 per cent. A welcome and unionlearn. There have development in the past year been some major challenges, has been the increase in the with government funding for number of union learning reps ULF and unionlearn cut by (ULRs) with delivery of a new 19 per cent for 2014/15. In generic course helping to spite of this, unions delivered reverse the previous decline a total of 219,091 learning in ULR training. The number Mid-life career reviews opportunities via the union of ULRs trained through TUC Helping older workers plan their future route in the year to March 2014. Education was 3,636 in 2013–14, Evaluation report including 1,053 trained through Other aspects of the work the new generic course. of the TUC and unionlearn on education and skills can ULF projects also exceeded Of the total ULF learners, 29 be found in Section one. In expectations as regards per cent were undertaking addition, more detail on union the number of learning continuing professional learning developments over opportunities achieved, with development, 25 per cent were the past year is available in the a recorded total of 158,483. taking ICT courses and 14 per unionlearn annual report 2014. Projects performed ahead of cent were learners on English target in relation to information and maths programmes. With and communication technology, the support of unionlearn, English and maths, Level 2 learning opportunities and 3 qualifications, Level delivered by unions outside 3, continuing professional ULF via regional activity development, informal adult totalled 14,588 in 2013–14. and community learning, further education and Apprenticeships. With the support of the ULF A few targets were below and unionlearn, unions and profile, such as higher-level their ULRs continue to reach learning, but this was clearly the parts of the workplace attributable to factors outside and their communities that the control of unions (i.e. the mainstream education and impact of tuition fees on take- workplace training are unable up of part-time HE courses). to reach, thereby extending and strengthening the influence and relevance of unions.

74 Unionlearn annual conference 2014, Congress House, London. © Jess Hurd/reportdigital.co.uk

UNIONLEARN SUPPORT SERVICES

Unionlearn receives government funding and manages grants to unions from the ULF, which in 2013–14 supported 38 unions to deliver 44 projects at a total cost of just over £13 million. In addition to this core activity, unionlearn also provides extensive support to union activity on learning

through the work undertaken SECTION FIVE by unionlearn staf based in TUC regional ofces.

Unionlearn also supports union learning through a range of other initiatives, including the following: ! a Technician Pathways In line with Resolution 74 ! the Apprenticeships are project, funded by the agreed at the 2013 Congress, Union Business project, Gatsby Foundation, which is unionlearn has also supported funded by the National supporting progression for unions to develop more learning Apprenticeship Service, the technician workforce agreements, in particular in to help unions engage the health sector where unions in, and promote, high- ! developing pathways to have been able to negotiate quality Apprenticeships; higher learning for union a number of joint agreements and support for union learners, and signing with organisations such as engagement in high-quality strategic agreements with NHS Property Services and traineeships, youth skills the Open University, Birkbeck Public Health England. and work experience College and others to take this forward. Some of Unionlearn produces a ! the union learning Climbing these strategic agreements separate annual report on Frame is a free website for include discount ofers on its activities that is available ULRs to help them in their fees to union members at www.unionlearn.org.uk role of supporting learners in the workplace. A new free ! support and brieﬁng for Climbing Frame app has union reps on Sector been launched to make the Skills Councils and site even more accessible via Industrial Partnerships mobile devices and tablets ! the unionlearn Quality ! the Mid-life Career Review Award, which is given to project, funded by NIACE, partner organisations that aimed to develop and test meet standards of support diferent models of working for union learning such with people to review their as delivery in workplaces plans for life and career and and being responsive created a range of high- to learners’ needs. quality resources for ULRs

75 SECTION FIVE STRONG UNIONS

5.7 TRADES COUNCILS The TUC JCC produced a AND UNEMPLOYED special leaflet on the work WORKERS CENTRES of trades councils. It focused on campaigning that could Trades councils have focused be used by trades councils at work on supporting the TUC’s local level as publicity material anti-austerity campaigning, and also agreed a letter to participating in anti-poverty be used across the TUC alliances, supporting living regions as a joint statement wage campaigns and working by the TUC JCC regional with unions to support industrial representative and the TUC and community organisations Regional Secretary encouraging to protect public services and regional union ofcials to welfare benefits. The TUC JCC urge their union branches to continued to promote the work afliate to their local trades of the Peoples’ Charter, which council. The letter would be was adopted as a core element accompanied by the new leaflet Unions of the programme of work. and a copy of Community. campaigning in the Each TUC JCC meeting was The TUC JCC also continued themed around the Campaign to develop the Unions in the commUnity Plan and members of the TUC Community (UITC) website Unions JCC undertook to take the and received training on programme of work into their the use of the website and Examples of the use that trades regions and help develop the social media. Trades councils union councils have made of programme with the trades wishing to have a presence thecampaigning development grant include: union councils in their area. on the UITC website can still receive suitable training, at a ! Bridgwater – assistance In line with Resolution 75, the reasonable cost, from Leftspace. for a new banner TUC JCC redefined the uses to in the which the development grant There was a decline in trades ! Hull – Save the NHS could be used, focusing on council registrations from 163 Campaign campaigning and in particular in 2013 to 147. This will be an the five elements of A Future early discussion topic for the !comm Lancashire – Our Community Unity that Works. Similarly the 2014–15 Programme of Work. Against the Cuts ‘reserved fund’ was defined as In 2013, 64 grants, valued at being used to support trades £24,322, were allocated by ! Manchester – supporting union councils in providing Wales TUC and Regional TUCs Manchester Pride Parade transport to the Britain Needs to trades union councils. a Pay Rise demonstration. ! Rochdale – Bedroom Tax Campaign The TUC JCC also redesigned the application forms for these ! Worcester – Take Trade funds to make applications Trades_Union_Councils_2013_Pull-Up_Banner_Half-Size_AW.inddUnions 1 into Schools. 23/05/2013 10:34:33 consistent and therefore easier to obtain reports on. Trades Unemployed Workers councils were also required Centres continue to be to make a formal report back, under pressure financially, through the regional TUC, on yet face increased demand how the funds had been utilised. for advice and guidance on welfare and benefits and supporting increasing numbers of workers experiencing poverty, financial exclusion and housing problems.

Trades_Union_Councils_2013_Pull-Up_Banner_Half-Size_AW.indd 1 23/05/2013 10:34:33 )

SECTION6 SIX TUC ADMINISTRATION

77 SECTION SIX TUC ADMINISTRATION

6.1 INTRODUCTION In May, the General Council 6.5 GENERAL COUNCIL agreed that the 2015 Congress This section reports on: should be held in Brighton and At the time of writing, the afliations and mergers; the 2018 event in Manchester, to General Council has held seven Congress, including awards for mark the 150th anniversary of meetings during the Congress lay representatives; General the establishment of the TUC. year. At the first meeting, Council; equality conferences; held jointly with the outgoing Trade Union Communications General Council on the final Awards; TUC finances; morning of the 2013 Congress, personnel and training; the 6.4 CONGRESS Mohammad Taj was elected as TUC Information Service; AWARDS Chair of the General Council the TUC Library Collections; and he will preside at the and the Congress Centre. The winners of this year’s 2014 Congress. It was agreed Congress awards for lay that the Executive Committee representatives are as follows: should be composed of the existing members, with the 6.2 AFFILIATIONS ! The Congress Award for new President Mohammad Taj, AND MERGERS Youth: George Waterhouse Fiona Wilson and Bob Crow. In of RMT February, it was reported that In June 2014, SURGE (Skipton Roy Rickhuss had replaced Staf Association) transferred ! Health and Safety Michael Leahy as Community into Aegis the Union. The Representative Award: General Secretary and on the general secretary is Brian Linn. Shani Hocking of GMB General Council. Bob Crow passed away in March, and was ! Learning Representative replaced by RMT President Award: Monika Peter Pinkney to the RMT’s 6.3 CONGRESS Paczkowska of USDAW General Council seat in April.

The 2013 Congress was ! Organising Representative During the course of this held in Bournemouth. The Award: Zeshan Aslam of CWU Congress year, the General Congress carried 36 motions, Council’s work has focused 18 composite motions and six ! Women’s Gold Badge: on the implementation of emergency motions. It also Sue Bond of PCS the campaign plan, centred agreed statements on the around ﬁve key areas, as TUC Campaign Plan, Syria and agreed in 2012–13. The special Europe. Two motions were lost. meeting of the Executive An index of resolutions on page Committee held in March 136 shows where, within this focused on the forthcoming report, the action taken on each 2015 general election. of the resolutions is reported. A guest speaker was invited During the year, the Executive to address the February Working Group on Congress meeting of the General Council: continued to meet to advise on James Morris of Greenberg arrangements for Congress, to Quinlan Rosner Research consider how to enable greater presented ﬁndings of polling clarity between elements of on the subject of migration. the Congress agenda, and to review the presentation of the General Council report.

78 The General Council lead 6.6 EQUALITY x responsibilities for the CONFERENCES Congress year 2013–14 CONFRONTING RACIAL are as follows: BLACK WORKERS’ DISCRIMINATION CONFERENCE Building Stronger Unions Overall responsibility as lead spokesperson for the The 21st TUC Black Workers’ TUC: General Secretary, Conference was held in April Frances O’Grady 2014 at Congress House. The t TUC Black Workers’ Conference 2014 Conference, chaired by Maureen Senior representative Loxley, was attended by 224 throughout the Congress year: delegates from 27 afliated President, Mohammad Taj unions. The TUC President Mohammad Taj addressed TUC Disabled Workers’ Conference 2014 Speciﬁc areas of responsibility the Conference, as did the DisableD people General Secretary, Frances fighting back! Disabled workers: O’Grady. Other speakers Seán McGovern were Neville Lawrence, Mark Hammond (Chief Executive of Environment and sustainable the Equality and Human Rights development: Sue Ferns Commission), Habib Rahman SECTION SIX (Director of the Joint Council Europe: Billy Hayes for the Welfare of Immigrants) x and Carole Duggan (Justice Health and safety: Liz Snape for Mark Duggan Campaign).

International development: The Conference featured a STRONG WOMEN Gail Cartmail panel debate entitled Building STRONGER UNIONS Stronger Unions, which

International relations: featured panellists who had a TUC Women’s Conference 2014 Sally Hunt responsibility for organising in four of the TUC’s afliated Learning and skills: unions. Delegates also took Mary Bousted part in workshops on Racial Justice in Education, Deaths LGBT CONFERE Lesbian, gay, bisexual and in Custody, Black Women TUC 2014 transgender rights: Maria Exall and the Cuts, and MigrationN C E LGBT CONFERENCE2014 and the Immigration Bill. 14 TUC Migration: Mohammad Taj CONFERENCE 2014 TUC LGBT Public services: Dave Prentis WO LGBT FERENCE Trade unions for a future that works for all! Race equality: Gloria Mills

Trades union councils: Bob Crow (to March 2014), Matt Wrack (from June 2014) TUC YOUNG WORKERS’ CONFERENCE 2014 Women: Pat Stuart

Youth: Fern McCafrey

YOUNG WORKERS’ MONTH March 2014

79 SECTION SIX TUC ADMINISTRATION

DISABLED WORKERS’ O’Grady and Lindsay Judge YOUNG WORKERS’ CONFERENCE of the Child Poverty Action CONFERENCE Group for a panel discussion on The 13th TUC Disabled Workers’ women, low pay, and poverty. The 2014 TUC Young Workers Conference took place on Conference was also addressed Conference was held on 22–3 28–9 May 2014 at Congress by TUC President Mohammad March at Congress House. The House. It was chaired by Mandy Taj. Irmita Salanueva, daughter conference was attended by 100 Hudson, Kim Silver, Seán of one of the ‘Miami Five’, also delegates and visitors who took McGovern and Tony Sneddon. addressed the Conference. part in debates on 13 motions. Conference was addressed by This year, for the first time, Paul Nowak, TUC Assistant Conference chose the priority General Secretary, Kate Green LGBT CONFERENCE campaigns for the TUC Young MP, Janine Booth (RMT) and Workers’ Forum; these were John Coghlan (Disability The TUC LGBT Conference Fair Pay and Political Education. Action, Belfast). An informal 2014 took place on 26–7 June plenary session on the subject at Congress House. Chaired Conference elected Anthony of disabled people resisting by Maria Exall, Bev Miller, Curly of Unite as the new austerity was addressed by Roland Zollner and Phyll Vice Chair of the TUC John McDonnell MP, Ellen Opoku-Gyimah, Conference Young Workers’ Forum and Cliford (DPAC) and Gabriel was addressed by Paul presented the first-ever TUC Pepper (Independent Living Nowak, TUC Assistant General Youth Campaign Award. The Fund campaign). Conference Secretary, Gloria de Piero MP, award was introduced by the elected the Disabled Workers’ Shadow Minister for Women Young Workers’ Forum to Committee and debated and Equalities, Jide Macauley, acknowledge campaign activity motions on government attacks Justice for Gay Africans, David by groups of young workers. on disabled people, attacks Sharkey, Unite/SERTUC LGBT The winner of the inaugural on disability benefits, closure network, Simone Pound, PFA, award was Laurita Cardona of the Independent Living Fevzi Hussein, CWU, and Saenz from the GMB for her Fund, abolition of the Disabled Mohammad Taj, TUC President. living wage campaign at the Students’ Allowance, mental Conference elected the TUC University of the Arts, London. health, bullying and harassment, LGBT Committee and debated sickness absence and disability motions on the impact of Conference was addressed by discrimination, cuts to austerity on LGBT people, TUC President Mohammad Taj, transport, discrimination in bullying and harassment at work Dom Anderson, Vice President education, disability monitoring and in education, inequality Society & Citizenship at the and access in entertainment. in pension survivor benefits, NUS and Abdes Ouaddou Conference was attended by issues faced by trans people, representing the ITUC campaign 207 delegates from 25 unions. HIV awareness, international for workers rights in Qatar. issues, asylum for LGBT people fleeing oppression, and banning Conference also held its first- WOMEN’S CONFERENCE ‘conversion therapy’. Delegates ever Women’s Reception, took part in workshops which included a workshop Chaired by Sue Ferns, the providing training in campaign and discussion on women’s theme of the 2014 TUC skills and organising on participation in trade Women’s Conference was international solidarity, resisting unions and was hosted by Strong Women, Stronger the far right, community the TUC Women’s Ofcer Unions. For the first time, organising, trans issues and and TUC General Council the motions were grouped use of social media. The member Sue Ferns. thematically in accordance conference was attended by with the five strands of the 240 delegates from 29 unions. TUC Campaign Plan. Gloria del Piero, Shadow Minister for Women and Equalities, joined TUC General Secretary Frances

80 TUC Trade Union Communication Awards 2014 at Congress House, Wednesday 09 July 2014 - Sponsored by Warners. © Andy Laithwate

6.7 TRADES COUNCILS CONFERENCE

This year the Trades Councils Conference was held in Cardif. Conference opened with a moving tribute to Bob Crow, who was the General Council lead for trades councils, presented by Andy Robertson.

More than 80 delegates attended and debated a wide range of issues from rights for fast food workers and zero- hours contracts, employment tribunals, energy and climate change, public services, including the threats to the NHS from the current TTIP proposals, housing, attacks on the welfare In 2014 the judges were: Again this year a publication SECTION SIX state, privatisation, food poverty Carys Afoko, a prominent was produced reporting on the to international solidarity. Paul campaigner; Keith Ames, awards. A copy will be available Nowak, TUC AGS, addressed Head of Communications, for each delegate at Congress. Conference and, along with a Musicians’ Union; Holly panel session discussion key Dustin, Director, End Violence The results were as follows: issues and the role of trades Against Women Coalition; councils in addressing those Andy Sawford, MP for Corby; Best journal or magazine issues, there was a training and Mark Ellis, Education, Winner: Usdaw Arena session on social media to Industrial and Transport Highly commended: Nautilus support the campaigning correspondent, Daily Mirror. International Telegraph work of trades councils. and Equity Equity The judges expressed much Commended: CSP Frontline praise for the skill and professionalism shown in 6.8 TUC/WARNERS union entries to the awards Best feature TRADE UNION and praised the teams for Winner: POA – Prison violence COMMUNICATIONS the commitment to good Highly commended: Unite AWARDS communications with their – Hotels of Hell; and Usdaw – members and the wider public. Know your rights – bedroom tax This was the seventh year Commended: ATL – of the relaunched Awards At the awards ceremony Adding Value and the General Council is on 9 July hosted by the delighted to welcome Warners TUC President, union Group Publications as new communications professionals Best use of a photo sponsors for the Awards. were able to view all or illustration the competition entries, Winner: FBU photograph This year 21 unions entered and network with their by Matthew Smith the competition with a total colleagues and General Highly commended: of 96 entries and the awards Council members. The TUC Prospect photograph by have continued to thrive Assistant General Secretary Sandy Osborough with a diverse range of high- awarded the certiﬁcates. Commended: EIS photograph/ quality entries from across manipulation by Mark Jackson/ the union movement. Stuart Cunningham; and Equity illustration by Tim Mapleston

81 SECTION SIX TUC ADMINISTRATION

Best one-of publication 6.9 TUC FINANCES DEVELOPMENT FUND Winner: Usdaw – An Usdaw Guide to Maternity The TUC’s accounts for 2013 In 2013 10 per cent of the and Paternal Rights (see Appendix Three) show afliation fee was allocated to Highly commended: NASUWT a total surplus across all the Development Fund and – Serious about Race Equality?; funds of £4.327m, including was used to promote new and Prospect – Prospect the FRS 17 adjustments. work and initiatives by the Pioneers Calendar 2014 The operating surplus of General Council. The bulk of the Commended: Napo – What £66,000 comprises £155,000 funding was allocated to work is the point of order? A set aside for the Congress related to the ﬁve priorities guide to Napo AGM; and House Dilapidations Fund and identiﬁed in the campaign UNISON – This is UNISON surpluses of £100,000 and plan. Among the variety of £121,000 on the Administration projects supported were: and Development Funds. Best campaign ! campaign plans Winner: Unite – Unite; the In November 2013 the Executive Mirror; and the Trussell Committee agreed to set up an ! regional campaigning Trust Christmas appeal Executive Working Group to Highly commended: Prospect look at issues relating to TUC ! 13 Sep NHS rally – Political fund; and RMT – afliation fees and resources. Pay justice for cleaners This group reported in June ! migrant workers Commended: UNISON – 2014 when it recommended Essential cover recruitment retaining the current formula for ! tax justice marketing campaign setting the annual afliation fee, opening up a discussion with ! living wage the STUC on the implications of Best website devolution in Scotland following ! full employment Winner: UCATT the referendum in September www.ucatt.org.uk 2014 and once potential ! digital campaigning Highly commended: Equity changes to the devolution www.equity.org.uk settlement in Scotland are ! narrative polling Commended: RMT clearer, reviewing TUC support www.rmt.org.uk for trade union education and ! Austerity Uncovered learning activity in the devolved campaign tour nations, and to actively consider Best use of electronic how to address any issues ! Worksmart website. communication coming from the Organisational Winner: UNISON – Teaching Review or changes to the assistants celebration day funding of unionlearn. These social media campaign recommendations were agreed. Highly commended: Napo – Naponewsonline; and Usdaw – e-newsletters Commended: BALPA – Log update e-magazine; and CWU – CWUTV: Conference thank you

82 STATEMENT OF ACCOUNTS PROSPECTS AND “In 2013 10 per cent DEVELOPMENTS of the afliation fee The annual statement of accounts and balance sheet A budget for the Administration was allocated to as at 31 December 2013 is set Fund 2014 was agreed by the the Development out in Appendix Three. The General Council. This showed Administration Fund (covering a projected surplus of £53,926. Fund and was the day-to-day ofce running The General Council approved used to promote expenses and staf costs) an increase in the afliation new work and showed an operating surplus fee to £2.67 pence for 2014. of £100,000. The Development initiatives by the Fund, representing all non- The rolling programme of General Council.” unionlearn externally funded internal audit work previously projects together with projects conducted by the accountants funded by the afliation fee, Moore Stephens UK was showed an operating surplus of continued by BDO in 2013 £121,000, while unionlearn funds with further ‘value for money broke even. The Dilapidations audits’ and ‘operational and Fund showed that £830,000 internal financial audits’ was spent on the upkeep of undertaken. During 2013 an Congress House during the year internal financial audit reviewed SECTION SIX and £675,000 was charged the TUC’s procurement and to the Administration Fund. purchasing functions, a value for money audit reviewed the During 2013 our calculated TUC conference facilities, and FRS17 position moved from a at the start of 2014 we carried liability of £1.974m to a surplus out an internal audit of the of £2.182m. This positive Union Learning Fund grant movement of £4,156,000 administration processes within together with the reduction the TUC. During the next 12 in the Dilapidation Fund of months the programme of work £155,000, the surplus on the will continue and it is envisaged Development Fund of £121,000, that key financial controls will the surplus for the year on be reviewed and a value for the Administration Fund of money audit undertaken on £100,000 and the gain of the maintenance and facilities £105,000 on sale of investments within Congress House. and on foreign exchange has increased the funds of the TUC from £15.061m to £19.388m.

83 SECTION SIX TUC ADMINISTRATION

6.10 PERSONNEL “Work to support the campaign plan, the AND TRAINING organisational review and Investors in The Personnel and Training People reaccreditation continues, with team was very busy in 2013, a number of other initiatives ongoing.” including dealing with the impact of cuts to external funding in unionlearn and ! appointment to a number 6.11 TUC INFORMATION subsequent reorganisation of new roles, including SERVICE exercises and supporting those new policy and campaigns staf that voluntarily left the support ofcers, to support The Information Service organisation during April 2013. the campaign plan and supports TUC staf, ofering an This was followed in December strengthen the organisation’s enquiry and research service 2013 by a smaller number of campaigning activities supported by a range of online core admin-funded staf leaving resources, including FAME at the end of the year. These ! developing and for company reports and the changes also saw a reduction trialling a performance Factiva news database. We also in the stafng levels within the management system develop and maintain the TUC’s Personnel and Training team. intranet – the TUCi – a platform ! launching a new dignity at for internal communications; Throughout the year the TUC’s work policy underpinned Staf News; staf forums; the management team has been by additional training Staf Handbook; and TUC working to implement the policies. We also respond action points arising from a ! undertaking training needs to general enquiries from thoroughgoing organisational analysis for managers and members of the public. review undertaken by Assistant reviewing management General Secretary Paul Nowak development The Information Service is in the ﬁrst half of 2013. responsible for the TUC’s own ! rolling out leadership ﬁles and documents advising The focus of the review was development training on records management and shifting more resources into for managers advises on compliance with and the TUC’s campaigning work best practice in respect of the and key priorities; encouraging ! rolling out 360-degree Data Protection Act (1998). better working across the feedback for senior managers TUC’s departments and To contact us, please email between Congress House, ! developing a paid [email protected] the regions and Wales, and internship programme to or ring 020 7467 1262. the integration of staf teams be launched in the autumn in the English regions; and being able to better assess the ! reviewing how we can impact of the TUC’s work. attract more applications from minority ethnic groups An update on the progress to the organisation of the review was taken to the Executive Committee ! piloting the devolvement of in January 2014. some of the training budget.

The Personnel and Training Work to support the campaign team has been involved in plan, the organisational a number of initiatives as review and Investors in part of the organisational People reaccreditation review and to support the continues, with a number of TUC’s Investors in People other initiatives ongoing. reaccreditation, including:

84 Popular online actions included persuading a number of retailers such as River Island to sign up to the Bangladesh Safety Accord. © Jess Hurd/reportdigital.co.uk 6.12 WEBSITE AND NEW MEDIA

In November 2014 the TUC website and unionreps. org.uk reps’ network were redeveloped on a new open source content management system (CMS), allowing content to be published more efciently and giving staf more control over the content they publish.

To accompany unionreps.org. uk, a new Unionreps app is being launched for tablets and smartphones. This will allow users to have instant access to the discussion forum, and should widen its potential use considerably, SECTION SIX encouraging reps working in 6.13 TUC LIBRARY The websites (which include non-computer-based roles to COLLECTIONS image archives and oral history) make use of the network when The Union Makes Us Strong, and where they most need it. Located at London Metropolitan The Workers’ War, Winning University, the Collections Equal Pay, and Britain at The Going To Work campaign attract a wide range of students Work are all accessed from network grew supporters after and researchers interested in www.unionhistory.info and running a number of popular both the history and current continue to be very popular online actions, including a activities of trade unions. It with researchers and educators. programme of work around also houses a number of other We have expanded our social the Bangladesh Safety Accord, important historical collections, media from Facebook persuading a number of including the archives of www.facebook.com/tuclibrary non-cooperative retailers to the Workers’ Educational to include a blog. http://blogs. sign up, and focusing online Association and the Labour londonmet.ac.uk/tuc-library/ opposition to union-speciﬁc Research Department. It works and Twitter @TUC_ Library. parts of the Lobbying Bill. closely with the Working Lives Research Institute and Chris Coates, the TUC librarian, other University departments. retired this year after 47 Presentations, open days and years with the TUC and was visits are organised for unions replaced by Jef Howarth. and other interested groups. See below for contact details. TUC Library Collections, London Metropolitan University Material deposited during Learning Centre, 236 Holloway the year included the SOGAT Road, London N7 6PP. email: London Women’s Branch [email protected] archive, and the archive of the Federation of Worker Writers and Community Publishers is expected by the end of 2014.

85 SECTION SIX TUC ADMINISTRATION

Congress Centre Hall 6.14 CONGRESS through industry-associated ready for a gala event. exhibitions and client visits © Congress Centre CENTRE and have received additional Congress Centre continues publicity through industry to be busy and in 2013 publications praising the hosted 700 external events Centre for its stunning in addition to many high- modern and contemporary profile TUC conferences and feel while incorporating welcomed many varied external state-of-the-art facilities. clients who appreciate our excellent in-house catering Revenue in 2013 was £1.79m, and audiovisual facilities. which represented a slight increase on the previous year. Congress Centre’s long-term This was a great achievement goal is to service the TUC’s by the sales team, reflecting requirements for conferences their hard work in a difcult and events and to help support market where companies its delivery of core objectives continue to restrict their events’ while becoming a recognised spending. This year Congress high-quality central London Centre will again face a difcult conference and events venue. challenge to achieve its The Centre continues its forecast sales in a market that membership of the Meeting continues to be demanding. Industry Association and holds an ‘AIM’ accreditation, ) which confirms that it meets industry best standard. This year we have been building customer awareness of the venue and promoting its use

86 OBITUARIES

87 OBITUARIES

Tony Benn, who died in March Bob Crow, who died suddenly at the age of 88, was for in March at the age of 52, many decades a pivotal figure was general secretary of the within the labour movement. RMT. Under his leadership, A prominent Labour politician membership of the RMT rose who left the Commons 51 years from 57,000 to nearly 80,000. after first entering it, he was a socialist who advocated public Bob Crow became interested ownership alongside radical in trade unionism after joining democratic reform. Born in London Transport at the age of London, he served with the RAF 16 as a member of a tree-felling during the war, becoming an MP gang. He became a local rep in after winning the Bristol South 1983 and two years later was a by-election in November 1950. national ofcer for trackworkers within the National Union of After renouncing a peerage in Railwaymen, which merged with the 1960s, he rose to become the National Union of Seaman Industry Secretary under Harold to form the RMT in 1990. After Wilson’s post-1974 government, Jimmy Knapp’s death in 2001, resisting wage restraint on he was elected RMT General trade unions. In the early 1980s, Secretary with almost two- he unsuccessfully challenged © Paul Box/reportdigital.co.uk thirds of the vote, and brought Denis Healey for the deputy a wide range of skills to the job. leadership of the Labour Party, but remained a major figure in A superb public speaker and British politics and public life. accomplished media performer, Bob Crow was also respected A brilliant diarist, orator by rail industry managers as a and parliamentarian, he tough and efective negotiator. was a tremendous friend to His knowledge of the transport trade unions and a regular industry and commitment fixture at Tolpuddle, the to better services and Durham Miners’ Gala and safety standards was widely other labour movement recognised. He was successful events. Tony Benn was a in advancing the terms of committed internationalist conditions of his members, and peace campaigner. and fought tirelessly on behalf of low-paid outsourced cleaners and seafarers.

88 Dave Feickert, who died in He became the union’s Midlands July aged 67, was the TUC’s area secretary in 1959, rising European ofcer from 1993 to to Assistant Secretary four 2003. Born in New Zealand, years later. He took over as he served as head of research General Secretary in 1970, and at the NUM from 1984 to 1993, in 1972 the union changed before running the TUC ofce its name to the Association in Brussels where he played a of Professional, Executive, leading role negotiating major Clerical and Computer staf EU agreements on workplace (Apex), subsequently joining rights and health and safety. the GMB in 1989. He was appointed a CBE in 1990 After leaving the TUC, he and remained a councillor returned to New Zealand, in Croydon until 2002. working on many projects including initiatives on mine safety in China and the campaign for justice for miners killed in the Pike River disaster. He also continued to advise the TUC and © Jeremy Young ETUC on energy policy.

Roy Grantham, who died in As chair of the Trade Union October 2013 aged 86, was Councils Joint Consultative general secretary of Apex Committee, he was a strong (now part of the GMB) from advocate of the trades councils 1971 to 1989 and served on movement and played a the TUC General Council for 11 prominent role in the fight years. He was a major influence against the far right. He served on trade union and Labour on the TUC General Council Party thinking on issues such from 2003 to 2005 and again as the EU and government from 2010, and was a member of pay policy, and played a key the TUC Executive Committee role during the Grunwick from 2013. A dedicated dispute, defending 137 workers internationalist, Bob played – many of them Ugandan © PA/Press Association Images a leading role in the Cuba Asian immigrants – who were Solidarity Campaign and was dismissed after striking for a firm supporter of Justice for trade union recognition. Born Colombia. He was unflinching in Birmingham, he started in his commitment to working work for the Inland Revenue people in Britain and worldwide. before becoming an area organiser for the Clerical and Administrative Workers Union.

89 OBITUARIES

John McCormack, who died in December 2013, was Vice- President of UCU. He was elected National President in 2012 and had been due to serve his term in 2014–15. An active trade unionist all of his working life, he was UCU branch chair at Northumberland College and led many successful campaigns against compulsory redundancies and for better terms and conditions. He was also a former mayor of Ashington Town Council and a long-time member of the TUCJCC.

Norman Willis, who died in June aged 81, was TUC General Secretary during perhaps the most tumultuous period in the © PA/Press Association Images trade union movement’s history. His time in ofce coincided with the miners’ strike, the Wapping He was appointed TUC dispute and Margaret Thatcher’s Assistant General Secretary anti-trade union legislation, in 1974, becoming Deputy and came as membership was Secretary in 1977 and taking declining from its peak in the over from Len Murray in 1984, late 1970s. Despite this, he in the middle of the miners’ paved the way for a period dispute. Possessing a detailed of stability in the 1990s. knowledge of trade union organisation, he rebuilt the Born in Hayes, Norman Willis relationship between the began work aged 16 for a TUC and the AFL-CIO in the horticultural ﬁrm, before United States, which had been becoming an ofce assistant damaged by the Cold War. at the Transport and General Workers Union and a clerk A champion of a social in the union’s education partnership approach to department. After studying industrial relations, it was under at Ruskin and Oriel colleges Norman Willis’ leadership in Oxford, he returned to that the TUC adopted a more the T&G as assistant to positive policy towards the EU. Frank Cousins and by the early 1970s was running the ) union’s research department and acting as personal assistant to Jack Jones.

90 APPENDICES

91 APPENDIX ONE ATTENDANCES

GENERAL COUNCIL Steve Murphy 4 ATTENDANCE 2013-14 Ged Nichols 3 Christine Payne 4 At the time of going to press, the General Council Dave Penman 7 had held seven meetings during the Congress year. Peter Pinkney3 1 Tim Poil 5 Member Attendance Dave Prentis 4 Roy Rickhuss4 3 Sheila Bearcroft 4 Malcolm Sage 4 Christine Blower 5 Eddie Saville 7 Mary Bousted 4 Mark Serwotka 2 Joanna Brown 6 John Smith 6 Tony Burke 5 Eleanor Smith 5 Jane Carolan 3 Liz Snape 4 Gail Cartmail 6 Michelle Stanistreet 0 Mike Clancy 6 Jane Stewart 1 Brian Cookson 7 Pat Stuart 7 Manuel Cortes 6 Niamh Sweeney 5 Bob Crow1 4 Mohammad Taj 7 Tony Dale 7 Chris Tansley 5 Mark Dickinson 5 Steve Turner 2 Maria Exall 7 Simon Weller 6 Sue Ferns 7 Fiona Wilson 5 Larry Flanagan 4 Tony Woodhouse 6 Steve Gillan 5 Matt Wrack 5 Janice Godrich 2 Frances O’Grady 7 John Hannett 3 Dave Harvey 6 1 Passed away March 2014 Billy Hayes 3 2 Left February 2014 Sally Hunt 4 3 Joined April 2014 Karen Jennings 4 4 Joined February 2014 Tony Kearns 6 Chris Keates 3 NOTE: It is not possible to list all the reasons Paul Kenny 4 for absence but it should be noted that Michael Leahy2 1 the main reasons given are other TUC Leslie Manasseh 4 commitments, union business and sickness. Sue Mather 7 Fern McCafrey 4 Paul McCarthy 0 Len McCluskey 3 Sean McGovern 5 Lesley Mercer 7 Gloria Mills 6

92 EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE

At the time of going to press, the Executive Committee had held ten meetings during the Congress year.

Member Attendance

Sheila Bearcroft 5 Christine Blower 6 Mary Bousted 8 Tony Burke 3 Jane Carolan 5 Gail Cartmail 4 Bob Crow1 2 John Hannett 4 Billy Hayes 3 Sally Hunt 6 Chris Keates 0 Paul Kenny 3 Michael Leahy2 0 Leslie Manasseh 8 Len McCluskey 1 Lesley Mercer 9 Gloria Mills 7 Ged Nichols 3 Dave Prentis 2 Mark Serwotka 1 John Smith 6 Liz Snape 8 Mohammad Taj 9 Steve Turner 9 Fiona Wilson 8 Matt Wrack 6

1 Passed away March 2014 2 Retired December 2013

NOTE: It is not possible to list all the reasons for absence but it should be noted that the main reasons given are other TUC commitments, union business and sickness.

)

93 APPENDIX TWO COMMITTEE MEMBERSHIP

DISABLED WORKERS’ COMMITTEE Prospect John Swaney

GENERAL COUNCIL University and College Union Patricia Roche Manuel Cortes Ged Nichols UNISON Paul McCarthy Kim Silver Sean McGovern (chair) Malcolm Sage Unite Julian Allam Lesley McCallum1 ELECTED AT THE DISABLED Manjeet Sandhu WORKERS’ CONFERENCE 1 Until May 2014 Bakers, Food and Allied Workers’ Union 2 From May 2014 Martin Kelly

Community Robert Mooney LESBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL AND TRANS COMMITTEE Chartered Society of Physiotherapy Clif Towson GENERAL COUNCIL Communication Workers’ Union Tony Sneddon Maria Exall (chair) Ged Nichols FDA Tim Poil David Chrimes2 Simon Weller

GMB ELECTED AT THE LESBIAN, GAY, Les Woodward1 BISEXUAL AND TRANS CONFERENCE

National Association of Schoolmasters Associated Society of Locomotive Union of Women Teachers Engineers and Firemen Lara Morris2 Darran Brown Michelle Williams1 Association of Teachers and Lecturers National Union of Journalists Julia Neal1 Ann Galpin Eleanor Lisney2 Community – the Union for Life Richard Angell National Union of Rail, Maritime and Transport Workers Communication Workers’ Union Janine Booth Laurie Smith1

National Union of Teachers Fire Brigades’ Union Mandy Hudson Pat Carberry

Public and Commercial Services Union FDA Mark Leopard Roland Zollner1

POA GMB Robert Steadman Philip Brannan1 David Branif-Herbert Phyllis Opoku-Gyimah

94 National Association of Schoolmasters RACE RELATIONS COMMITTEE Union of Women Teachers Alan Phippen1 Lee Williscroft-Ferris2 GENERAL COUNCIL

National Union of Rail, Maritime Tony Dale4 and Transport Workers Mark Dickinson CJ Bruce2 John Hannett3 Sue Dunne2 Billy Hayes Lorna Tooley (co-option)1 Leslie Manasseh MBE Fern McCafrey National Union of Teachers Gloria Mills CBE (chair) Annette Pryce Tim Poil Eleanor Smith Public and Commercial Services Union John Smith Christopher Carroll Mohammad Taj Steve Heyward2 ELECTED AT THE BLACK Prison Ofcers Association WORKERS’ CONFERENCE Helen Ffrench Associated Society of Locomotive Prospect Engineers and Firemen Graham Nash Floyd Doyle Sue Stelfox1 Association of Teachers and Lecturers University and College Union Aveninder Kaur2 Paul Hambley1 Ryan Prout2 Broadcasting, Entertainment, Cinematograph and Theatre Union UNISON Faisal A Qureshi Dettie Gould2 Beverley Miller1 Communication Workers’ Union Asha Wolfe-Robinson Sajid Shaikh2 Amarjite Singh Unite Community Nigel Marley Carol Hodgson1 Ann Morgan2 Samantha Webster Moore1 Fire Brigades’ Union Michelle Winstanley Michael Nicholas

USDAW GMB Neil Smale Sharon Harding1 Secretary Farzana Jumma2 Sarah Veale Dotun Alade Odumosu Phyllis Opoku-Gyimah2 1 Until June 2014 2 From June 2014 NASUWT Michelle Codrington-Rogers

National Union of Rail, Maritime and Transport Workers Frank Murray2 Glenroy Watson1

National Union of Teachers Betty Joseph

95 APPENDIX TWO COMMITTEE MEMBERSHIP

Public and Commercial Services Union Jane Stewart2 Zita Holbourne Patricia Stuart (chair) Niamh Sweeney2 Prospect Fiona Wilson Freddie Brown ELECTED AT THE WOMEN’S CONFERENCE University and College Union Gargi Bhattacharyya Communication Workers’ Union Dawn Livingston2 Linda Roy Professor Cecile Wright1 Jim Thakoordin1 Community Tracy Barlow UNISON Eleanor Smith2 Equity Jean Rogers Unite Collette Cork-Hurst Fire Brigades’ Union Nazerin Wardrop Sam Rye

Union of Shop, Distributive and Allied Workers GMB Maureen Loxley Sharon Harding Evelyn Martin Secretary Lorraine Parker Sarah Veale Musician’s Union 1 Until April 2014 Kathy Dyson3 2 From April 2014 3 Until September 2013 National Association of Schoolmasters, 4 From September 2014 Union of Women Teachers Kathy Duggan

National Union of Rail, Maritime THE WOMEN’S COMMITTEE and Transport Workers Tracey Darker4 Sheila Bearcroft Mary Jane Herbison3 Christine Blower Mary Bousted National Union of Teachers Joanna Brown Max Hyde4 Jane Carolan Heather McKenzie3 Gail Cartmail Maria Exall Public and Commercial Services Union Sue Ferns Sue Bond Janice Godrich Sally Hunt POA Karen Jennings2 Barbara Baker4 Chris Keates Angela Lynes1 University and College Union Sue Mather2 Vicky Knight Lesley Mercer Fern McCafrey UNISON Gloria Mills CBE Eleanor Smith Christine Payne2 Lucia McKeever Alice Robinson1 Eleanor Smith Union of Shop, Distributive and Allied Workers Liz Snape MBE Jackie McNeil Michelle Stanistreet Sujata Patel

96 Unite Prospect Diana Holland Mike Moriarty Susan Matthews Samantha Webster-Moore National Union of Rail, Maritime and Transport Workers Secretary Ron Douglas Sarah Veale TGWU Retired Members Association 1 Until September 2013 William Jupp 2 From September 2013 3 From March 2014 University and College Union 4 Until March 2014 Norman Jemison

UNISON David Kippest PENSIONERS COMMITTEE Unite Chair Nicola Smith, TUC Mike Pike Bob Pinkerton AFFILIATED UNIONS Union of Shop, Distributive and Allied Workers Associated Society of Locomotive Geof Page Engineers and Firemen Tony West SERTUC Pensioners Committee Elizabeth Taylor BACM-Team David Morgan Dennis Gadsby Northern TUC Pensioners Committee British Air Line Pilots’ Association George Bell Trevor Phillips Julian Soddy South West TUC Pensioners Network Janet Royston Community Peter Lightfoot Midlands TUC Pensioners Network Sheena Gordon Communication Workers Union Vacant National Pensioners Convention Frank Cooper GMB Derrick Baker Secretary J Rogers Tim Sharp

NAPO Margaret Pearce YOUNG WORKERS FORUM NASUWT Paul Smith Chair Fern McCafery Pat O Donnell GMB

National Union of Journalists Vice Chair Anthony Curley Pat Healy Unite

National Union of Teachers Robert Goddard Marion Wilson ATL

Public and Commercial Services Union Victoria Josiah Peter Wood ATL 97 APPENDIX TWO COMMITTEE MEMBERSHIP

Hannah O'Grady Gary Kilroy Bectu TSSA

Samuel Smith Kyle Williamson Bectu TSSA

Charlotte Hawkins Scott Walker CWU UCATT

Danielle Areola Anna Lavery CWU Unite

David Fuller Bryan Simpson CWU Unite

O Igbekele Graham Smith CWU UNISON

Kezia Jaye Greta Holmes Equity UNISON

David Pitt Helen Oliver FBU UNISON

Olivia Blake Dean Wilson GMB USDAW

Ryan Ward Rona Montgomery GMB USDAW

Martyn Gray Nautilus TRADES UNION COUNCILS’ Alex McDonald JOINT CONSULTATIVE NUJ COMMITTEE 2014-2015

Lorcan Lovett This Committee was chaired by Bob Crow on NUJ behalf of the General Council until his death in March 2014. He was replaced by Matt Wrack Bonnie Newman NUJ GENERAL COUNCIL

Louise Oakden Dave Harvey NUT Pat Stuart

Nonie Lambert NUT NORTHERN

Debbie Wilson Kathy Taylor* Prospect YORKSHIRE AND THE HUMBER Lee Vernon PCS Kevin Donnelly* Martin Meyer** Rebekah Hartley RMT NORTH WEST

Alec McFadden 98 MIDLANDS (EAST) Kirsty Evans Skills Funding Agency Moz Greenshields Maria Exall MIDLANDS (WEST) CWU

Jason Hill* Mary Bousted Dorothy Heath** ATL (Chair)

EAST OF ENGLAND Mike Leahy Community Teresa MacKay Pat Stuart SOUTH EAST Unite

Linda Kietz Paul McCarthy GMB WALES Ruth Curry Amarjite Singh Department for Business, Innovation and Skills

SOUTH WEST Sheila Bearcroft GMB Andy Robertson Sue Ferns * up to June 2014 Prospect ** from June 2014 Mohammad Taj Unite (TUC President)

UNIONLEARN BOARD MEMBERSHIP Tony Dale USDAW Ann Jones Skills Funding Agency Tom Wilson Director, unionlearn Aubrey Magill Department for Business, Innovation and Skills Kay Carberry Assistant General Secretary, TUC Brian Cookson NASUWT TUC EDUCATIONAL TRUSTEES Dave Harvey NUT Mohammad Taj (Chair) Dave Prentis Eddie Saville Gloria Mills HSCA Paul Kenny Sheila Bearcroft Fern McCafrey Lesley Mercer Young member Frances O’Grady Liz Rees (Sec) Gail Gartmail Basil Skeete (Treasurer) Unite

Janice Godrich TUC TRUSTEES PCS Billy Hayes Karen Jennings Chris Keates UNISON Dave Prentis) 99 APPENDIX THREE ACCOUNTS

STATEMENT OF THE GENERAL INDEPENDENT AUDITOR’S COUNCIL’S RESPONSIBILITIES REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF THE TRADES UNION CONGRESS Trade Union law requires the General Council to prepare financial statements in accordance with We have audited the financial statements of applicable law and United Kingdom Generally the Trades Union Congress (TUC) for the year Accepted Accountancy Practice for each financial ended 31st December 2013 which comprise the year which give a true and fair view of the state Income and Expenditure Account, the Balance of the afairs of the Trades Union Congress Sheet and the related notes. The financial (TUC) and of the surplus or deficit of the TUC reporting framework that has been applied in for that period. In preparing those financial their preparation is applicable law and United statements, the General Council is required to:- Kingdom Accounting Standards (United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice). i. Select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently; This report is made solely to the TUC’s members, as a body, in accordance with the Trade Union ii. Make judgements and estimates that and Labour Relations (Consolidation) Act are reasonable and prudent; 1992. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the Union’s members iii. State whether applicable accounting those matters we are required to state to standards have been followed; them in an auditor’s report and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, iv. Prepare the financial accounts on we do not accept or assume responsibility to the going concern basis unless it is anyone other than the TUC and its members inappropriate to presume that the as a body, for our audit work, for this report, TUC will continue to operate. or for the opinions we have formed.

The General Council is also responsible for keeping adequate accounting records which RESPECTIVE RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time GENERAL COUNCIL AND AUDITOR the financial position of the TUC and to enable them to ensure that the financial statements As explained more fully in the Statement of the comply with the Trade Union and Labour General Council‘s Responsibilities, the General Relations (Consolidation) Act 1992. It must also Council is responsible for the preparation establish and maintain a satisfactory system of the financial statements and for being of control over its accounting records, its cash satisfied that they give a true and fair view. Our holdings and all its receipts and remittances. responsibility is to audit and express an opinion on the financial statements in accordance with It is also responsible for safeguarding the applicable law and International Standards on assets of the TUC and hence for taking Auditing (UK and Ireland). Those standards reasonable steps for the prevention and require us to comply with the Auditing Practices detection of fraud and other irregularities. Board's Ethical Standards for Auditors.

100 SCOPE OF THE AUDIT OF THE MATTERS ON WHICH WE ARE REQUIRED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS TO REPORT BY EXCEPTION

An audit involves obtaining evidence about We have nothing to report in respect of the the amounts and disclosures in the financial following matters where the Trade Union and statements sufcient to give reasonable Labour Relations (Consolidation) Act 1992 assurance that the financial statements are free requires us to report to you if, in our opinion: from material misstatement, whether caused by fraud or error. This includes an assessment ! adequate accounting records have of: whether the accounting policies are not been kept, or returns adequate appropriate to the union's circumstances and for our audit have not been received have been consistently applied and adequately from branches not visited by us; or disclosed; the reasonableness of significant accounting estimates made by the General ! The union has not maintained a satisfactory Council; and the overall presentation of the system of control over its transactions financial statements. In addition, we read all in accordance with the requirements of the financial and non-financial information section 28 of the Trade Union and Labour in the Annual Report to identify material Relations (Consolidation) Act 1992; or inconsistencies with the audited financial statements and to identify any information that ! the financial statements are not in agreement is apparently materially incorrect based on, or with the accounting records and returns; or materially inconsistent with, the knowledge acquired by us in the course of performing the ! certain disclosures within the form audit. If we become aware of any apparent AR21 of Ofcers’ remuneration material misstatements or inconsistencies we specified by law are not made; or consider the implications for our report. ! we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit. OPINION ON FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

In our opinion the ﬁnancial statements: CHANTREY VELLACOTT DFK LLP ! give a true and fair view of the state of the Chartered Accountants and Statutory Auditor TUC’s afairs as at 31st December 2013 and of its surplus for the year then ended;

! have been properly prepared in accordance with United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice; and

! have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Trade Union and Labour Relations (Consolidation) Act 1992.

101 APPENDIX THREE ACCOUNTS

Trades Union Congress Income and expenditure account for the year ended 31 December 2013

Note Total Admin Development Unionlearn Dilapidations fund fund £’000 £’000 £’000 £’000 £’000 Income Afliation fees 15,339 12,761 1,551 1,027 – Property rental and service charges 3,159 3,159 – – – Investment income 582 582 – – – Sales and publications 198 192 6 – – Donations and fees received 22,346 90 1,423 20,833 – Total income 41,624 16,784 2,980 21,860 –

Expenditure Staf costs 2 16,056 9,089 997 5,970 – Property charges 3 3,419 1,940 49 600 830 Ofce expenses 4 4,456 1,907 1,250 1,299 – International afliation fees 5 1,977 1,977 – – – Travel and meetings 770 256 138 376 – Congress 213 213 – – – Trade Union education 486 3 267 216 – Grants and donations 6 13,693 136 158 13,399 – Depreciation 259 259 – – – Taxation 7 383 383 – – – VAT recovered (154) (154) – – – Transfer between funds – 675 – – (675) Total expenditure 41,558 16,684 2,859 21,860 155 Operating surplus 66 100 121 0 (155)

Pension scheme FRS 17 adjustment 14 1,165 1,165 – – –

Other recognised gains and losses Gains on foreign exchange 7 7 – – – Gains on disposal of investments 98 98 – – – Pension scheme actuarial gain 14 2,991 2,991 – – – Total other recognised gains and losses 3,096 3,096 – – –

Surplus for year 4,327 4,361 121 – (155) Funds brought forward 1 January 2013 15,061 7,831 6,797 – 433 Funds carried forward 31 December 2013 19,388 12,192 6,918 – 278

102 Trades Union Congress Income and expenditure account for the year ended 31 December 2012

Note Total Admin Development Unionlearn Dilapidations fund fund £’000 £’000 £’000 £’000 £’000 Income Afliation fees 15,899 12,847 2,100 952 – Property rental and service charges 2,981 2,981 – – – Investment income 468 468 – – – Sales and publications 226 205 21 – – Donations and fees received 22,577 140 1,426 21,011 – Total income 42,151 16,641 3,547 21,963 –

Expenditure Staf costs 2 16,296 8,528 1,069 6,699 – Property charges 3 3,665 2,127 127 658 753 Ofce expenses 4 4,723 1,841 1,375 1,507 – International afliation fees 5 1,878 1,878 – – – Travel and meetings 831 221 176 434 – Congress 167 167 – – – Trade Union education 500 19 307 174 – Grants and donations 6 12,740 133 116 12,491 – Depreciation 542 542 – – – Taxation 7 58 58 – – – VAT recovered (97) (97) – – – Transfer between funds – 836 2 (2) (836) Total expenditure 41,303 16,253 3,172 21,961 (83) Operating surplus 848 388 375 2 83

Pension scheme FRS 17 adjustment 14 1,170 1,170

Other recognised gains and losses (Loss) on foreign exchange (13) (13) – – – Loss on sales of assets (48) (48) – – – Pension scheme actuarial loss 14 (463) (463) – – – Total other recognised gains and losses (524) (524) – – –

Surplus for year 1,494 1,034 375 2 83 Funds brought forward 1 January 2012 13,567 6,797 6,422 (2) 350 Funds carried forward 31 December 2012 15,061 7,831 6,797 – 433

103 APPENDIX THREE ACCOUNTS

Trades Union Congress Balance sheet as at 31 December 2013

Note 2013 2012 £’000 £’000 Assets Tangible ﬁxed assets 8 456 592 Investments 9 12,236 9,639

Current assets Short term loans 112 122 Debtors and prepayments 10 1,914 3,946 Cash at bank and in hand 10,317 12,242

12,343 16,310

Less: current liabilities Creditors and accrued expenses 11 6,194 7,702

Net current assets 6,149 8,608

Net assets less current liabilities 18,841 18,839

Less: Provision for liabilities and charges 12 1,635 1,804

Net assets before pension liability 17,206 17,035 Pension asset (liability) 14 2,182 (1,974)

19,388 15,061

Financed by Funds employed 19,112 14,628 Designated fund Dilapidations reserve 278 433

Net assets 19,388 15,061

Approved by the General Council on 25 June 2014 Mohammad Taj – President

104 Trades Union Congress Notes to the accounts for the year ended 31 December 2013

1 Accounting policies a Basis of Accounts The accounts have been prepared under the historical cost basis of accounting and in accordance with applicable Accounting Standards.

b Afliation Fee Income Afliation fees are shown in the accounts on the basis of those amounts collected and due from members in respect of the year under review.

c Donations and fees income Donations and fees income is recognised in the accounts on an accruals basis in accordance with the underlying conditions attached to it. Amounts relating to future periods are accounted for as deferred income within creditors.

d Depreciation Fixed assets are stated at a cost. Depreciation is provided on all tangible ﬁxed assets on a straight line basis, at rates estimated to write of the cost, less estimated residual value, of each asset over its expected useful life. Freehold property 10% per annum on cost Furniture and Fittings 10% per annum on cost as applicable Equipment 20% – 50% per annum on cost as applicable Motor Vehicles 25% per annum on cost

e Operating Leases Rentals under operating leases are charged on a straight-line basis over the term of the contract.

f Investments Investments held as ﬁxed assets are stated at cost less provision for any permanent diminution in value.

g Pension The Trades Union Congress Superannuation Society Limited pension scheme is a deﬁned beneﬁt scheme. The amounts charged to Income and Expenditure Account are the current service costs. Actuarial gains and losses are recognised immediately in the Income and Expenditure account. The assets of the scheme are held separately from those of the Trades Unions Congress in a separate trustee administered fund. Pension scheme assets are measured at fair value and liabilities are measured on an actuarial basis using the projected unit method and a discounted rate equivalent to the current rate of return on high quality corporate bonds of equivalent currency and term to the scheme liabilities

2 Staf costs 2013 2012 £’000 £’000

Salaries and national insurance 12,563 13,190 Pension contributions 2,367 2,350 Welfare and training 477 430 Restructuring costs 582 255 Advertising and recruitment 67 71 16,056 16,296

105 APPENDIX THREE ACCOUNTS

3 Property charges 2013 2012 £’000 £’000

Rent and rates 1,053 1,053 Heating and lighting 257 313 Cleaning 140 146 Insurance 90 100 Building repairs and renewals 347 343 External functions 702 957 Expenditure from dilapidations fund 830 753

3,419 3,665

4 Ofce expenses 2013 2012 £’000 £’000

Communications 330 358 Stationery and printed materials 781 798 Renewals and repairs to ofce equipment 1,110 1,168 Motor expenses – 1 Audit fees 55 47 Bank charges 14 17 Legal costs 49 88 Projects and campaigns 753 628 Conferences 39 35 Finance and management 130 168 Consultancy fees 1,080 1,335 Facilitators – 25 Training and Development 24 20 Provision for doubtful debts 90 35

4,456 4,723

5 International afliation fees 2013 2012 £’000 £’000

ITUC 1,062 1,011 ETUC 834 784 TUAC 81 83

1,977 1,878

6 Grants and donations 2013 2012 £’000 £’000

Tolpuddle Martyrs Memorial Trust 82 75 TUC Educational Trust 57 47 Sundry 51 27 Union Learning Fund 13,399 12,491 Grants to organisations overseas 105 100

13,694 2,740

106 7 Taxation This represents tax due on investment income, rents receivable and capital gains arising on disposal of investments.

2013 2012 £’000 £’000

(Over)/under provision in prior years 43 (168) Provision for the year 340 226

383 58

8 Fixed assets

Freehold Furniture Equipment Motor Total Improv’ts & ﬁttings vehicles

Cost £’000 £’000 £’000 £’000 £’000 1 January 2013 5,366 480 1,365 68 7,279 Additions – 21 113 – 134 Disposals (2,370) (246) (359) (23) (2,998)

31 December 2013 2,996 255 1,119 45 4,415

Depreciation 1 January 2013 (5,272) (432) (944) (39) (6,687) Disposals 2,370 246 359 12 2,987 Charge for year (48) (14) (186) (11) (259)

31 December 2013 (2,950) (200) (771) (38) (3,959)

Net Book value 31 December 2013 46 55 348 7 456

31 December 2012 94 48 421 29 592

The Trades Union Congress holds the freehold of Congress House / Bainbridge House, Great Russell Street, London WC1N 3LS. The property is not recognised in the balance sheet as it has a £nil cost with the original value being met from a fund raised speciﬁcally for that purpose.

The property was valued by GVA on 18 March 2014 at £35.3 million. A charge was registered against the property on 28 March 2006 for £9m in favour of the TUC Superannuation Society Limited.

107 APPENDIX THREE ACCOUNTS

9 Investments

Cost brought Additions Disposals Cost carried forward at forward at 01.01.2013 31.12.2013

£ £ £ £ Quoted UK Quoted 2,267,881 5,605,181 (1,831,184) 6,041,878 International Quoted 7,356,162 3,575,425 (4,752,416) 6,179,171

9,624,043 9,180,606 (6,583,600) 12,221,049

UK Unquoted Unity Trust ‘A’ shares 500 – – 500 Unity Trust ‘C’ shares 300 – – 300 Union Energy Limited 8,750 – – 8,750 Wortley Hall 10 – – 10 Investment in MSI Brussels 5,651 – – 5,651

15,211 – – 15,211

9,639,254 9,180,606 (6,583,600) 12,236,260

The market value of quoted investments at 31 December 2013 was £12,438,179.

10 Debtors and prepayments 2013 2012 £’000 £’000

Trade Debtors 810 1,101 Other debtors 249 199 Prepayments and accrued income 855 2,646

1,914 3,946

11 Creditors and accrued expenses 2013 2012 £’000 £’000

Trade Creditors 1,230 2,062 Taxation and social security 766 680 Other creditors 241 12 Accruals and deferred income 3,957 4,948

6,194 7,702

108 12 Provision for liabilities and charges

A provision has been made to reﬂect payments expected to arise from project funded activities which have a deﬁned term of operation.

13 Commitments – operating leases

At 31 December 2013 the TUC had annual printing and ofce equipment leasing commitments of £149,701 due within one year (2012: £ £480,742), £ 235,009 between two and ﬁve years (2012: £153,298) and after ﬁve years £11,512 (2012: £28,653).

14 Pension costs The Trades Union Congress operates one defined benefit scheme in the UK which ofers both pensions in retirement and death benefits to members. Pension benefits are related to the members’ final salary at retirement and their length of service. Employer contributions to the scheme for the year beginning 1 January 2013 are expected to be £2,400,000.

The major assumptions used by the actuary were (in nominal terms);

At At 31.12.2013 31.12.2012 Rate of increase in salaries 4.1% 3.80% Rate of increase in pensions in payment – RPI, capped at 2.5% per annum 2.4% 2.10% – RPI, capped at 5.0% per annum 3.6% 3.10% – RPI, 3% per annum minimum and 5.0% per annum maximum 3.7% 3.70% Discount rate 4.2% 4.10% RPI Inﬂation assumption 3.6% 3.30% CPI Inﬂation assumption 2.6% 2.30% Revaluation in deferment* 2.6% 2.30%

Assumed life expectancies on retirement at age 65 are:

Retiring today Males 88.6 88.0 Females 90.3 89.7

Retiring in 20 years time Males 91.0 89.8 Females 92.8 91.7

*Note that the revaluation of deferred pensions between leaving and retirement is subject to an underpin of 3% per annum.

The assumptions used in determining the overall expected return of the scheme have been set with reference to yields available on government bonds and appropriate risk margins.

109 APPENDIX THREE ACCOUNTS

The assets in the scheme and the expected rate of return were:

Long-term Value Long-term Value rate of at rate of at return 31.12.2013 return 31.12.2012 expected at expected at 31.12.2013 31.12.2012 £’000 £’000

Equities 6.61% 32,791 6.02% 24,453 Bonds 4.4% 44,669 4.10% 42,380 Cash 3.61% 662 3.02% 1,356 Other 6.61% 10,135 6.02% 9,047

Fair value of plan assets 88,257 77,596 The actual return on assets over the period was 10,312 10,197

The amounts recognised in the balance sheet are as follows:

Present value of scheme liabilities (86,075) (79,570) Fair value of scheme assets 88,257 77,596

Pension asset/(liability) 2,182 (1,974)

Reconciliation of opening and closing balances of the present value of the scheme liabilities

2013 2012 £’000 £’000

Liabilities at beginning of year 79,570 69,009 Current service cost 1,818 1,519 Interest cost 3,257 3,172 Contributions by scheme participants 566 568 Actuarial (gain) loss 3,594 7,394 Beneﬁts paid (2,730) (2,092)

Liabilities at end of year 86,075 79,570

Reconciliation of opening and closing balances of the fair value of scheme assets

2013 2012 £’000 £’000

Fair value of scheme assets at beginning of year 77,596 66,328 Expected return on scheme assets 3,825 3,455 Actuarial gain (loss) 6,585 6,931 Contributions by employers 2,415 2,406 Contributions by plan participants 566 568 Beneﬁts paid (2,730) (2,092)

Fair value of scheme assets at end of year 88,257 77,596

Amount recognised in other gains and losses Actuarial gains (losses) 2,991 (463)

110 History of scheme assets, obligations and experience adjustments

31.12.2013 31.12.2012 31.12.2011 31.12.2010 31.12.2009 £’000 £’000 £’000 £’000 £’000

Present value of scheme liabilities 86,075 79,570 69,009 62,397 56,439 Fair value of scheme assets 88,257 77,596 66,328 59,664 52,274 Surplus (deﬁcit) in the scheme 2,182 (1,974) (2,681) (2,733) (4,165) Experience adjustments arising on scheme liabilities 1,901 (461) 4,425 (287) (810) Experience item as a percentage of scheme liabilities 2.2% (0.6%) 6.4% (–0.5%) (–1.4%) Experience adjustments arising on scheme assets 6,585 6,931 2,474 2,737 3,567 Experience item as a percentage of scheme assets 7.5% 8.9% 3.7% 4.6% 6.8% Actuarial gain (loss) 2,991 (463) (61) (1,368) (61)

Amounts recognised in the income and expenditure account:

2013 2012 £’000 £’000

Analysis of the amount credited to other ﬁnance income Expected return on pension scheme assets 3,825 3,455 Interest on pension scheme liabilities (3,257) (3,172)

Net return 568 283

Current service cost 1,818 1,519 Interest cost 3,257 3,172 Expected return on scheme assets (3,825) (3,455) Contributions by plan participants (2,415) (2,406)

(1,165) (1,170)

Analysis of the amounts charged to other recognised gains and losses Actuarial loss on scheme liabilities 3,594 7,394 Actuarial gain on scheme assets (6,585) (6,931)

(2,991) 463

111 APPENDIX THREE ACCOUNTS

15 Related parties

During the year the TUC had transactions with the following charities which are under its control through the appointment of trustees: 2013 2012 £’000 £’000

TUC Educational Trust Owed to TUC Opening balance 47,964 58,123 Payments to TUC (47,964) (58,123) Scholarship – 8,862 Net costs paid through TUC 58,543 39,102

Closing balance 58,543 47,964

Tolpuddle Martyrs Memorial Trust Owed to TUC Opening balance 81,317 119,496 Payments to TUC (38,011) (119,496) Net costs paid through TUC 82,000 81,317

Closing balance 125,306 81,317

TUC Aid Owed to TUC Opening balance 28,581 10,122 Payments to TUC (28,581) (10,122) Net costs paid through TUC 34,520 28,581

Closing balance 34,520 28,581

112 APPENDIX FOUR DISPUTES BETWEEN UNIONS

As provided for in rule 12, the TUC has a role Having considered all the evidence presented to play in helping to resolve and prevent by both unions, the Committee found Unite disputes that may arise between afliated to be in breach of Principles 2 and 3. unions. In the overwhelming majority of cases, such issues are resolved informally. In the last The full terms of the Committee’s Award period the general secretary has convened were reported to the General Council at two Disputes Committees to resolve issues its meeting on 5 September 2013. that could not be resolved informally.

UNITE AND COMMUNITY GMB AND UNITE – NAC TYREFORT – TNT POST AND ELLESMERE PORT A TUC Disputes Committee composed of Sally A TUC Disputes Committee composed of Billy Hunt (Chair, member of the General Council and Hayes (Chair, member of the General Council and General Secretary of UCU ), Mike Clancy (member General Secretary of the CWU ), Christine Blower of the General Council and General Secretary (member of the General Council and General of Prospect) and Steve Murphy (member of Secretary of the NUT) and Leslie Manasseh the General Council and General Secretary (member of the General Council and Deputy of UCATT); with Paul Nowak (TUC Assistant General Secretary of Prospect); with Paul Nowak General Secretary) acting as Secretary and Kevin (TUC Assistant General Secretary) acting as Rowan (Head of TUC Organisation and Services Secretary and Carl Roper (National Organiser, Department) also present, met on 18 December TUC Organisation and Services Department) also 2013 to consider a complaint made by Unite present, met 11 April 2013 to consider a complaint against Community concerning TNT Post. made by GMB against Unite concerning NAC in Birmingham Tyrefort and Ellesmere Port. Diana Holland, Steve Turner, and Simon Green represented Unite at the hearing. Paul Talbot, Paul McCarthy, David Day, Neil Holden and Brian Terry Pye and John Park represented Community. Bennett represented the GMB at the hearing. Tony Burke and Paul Davis represented Unite. In outline Unite complained that: In addition, the Committee met Paul Kenny, General Secretary of the GMB on 26 June 2013. ! Community had breached Principle 2, by Billy Hayes and Leslie Manasseh, on behalf of taking into membership workers at TNT Post, the full Committee, along with Paul Nowak knowing that Unite had members in TNT post, and Kevin Rowan (Head, TUC Organisation and that – potentially – some of these members & Services Department) met Len McCluskey, may have already been members of Unite. General Secretary of Unite, on 8 July 2013. ! Community had breached Principle 3, by In outline GMB complained that: signing a single union recognition agreement with TNT Post thereby undermining ! Unite had breached Principle 3, by attempting the established position of Unite. to secure recognition from NAC, without the support of the GMB, and knowing that the ! In a further alleged breach of Principle GMB held an existing recognition agreement. 3, Community did not consult with Unite or any other union with an interest in the ! Unite had breached Principle 2, by actively ‘transport and logistics’ sector, before and knowingly seeking to recruit both signing the agreement with TNT post; GMB members and activists in NAC. neither did Community notify the TUC General Secretary that it intended to sign Unite counter-claimed that the GMB had a sole recognition agreement with TNT breached Principle 3 by signing a recognition Post as provided for under TUC rule. agreement with NAC, despite Unite’s position as the recognised union in JLR & DHL.

113 APPENDIX FOUR DISPUTES BETWEEN UNIONS

Community’s response was, in outline, that TNT Post was an entirely separate company from TNT Express, and that Unite‘s recognition agreement was with TNT Express and not TNT Post. In response to Unite’s claim that Community had breached Principle 2, Community stressed that Unite had failed to provide evidence that it had membership in TNT Post; that Unite was actively organising in the company; or that Community had taken any existing Unite members into Community membership.

Having considered all the evidence presented by both unions, the Committee upheld in principle Unite’s complaint against Community in respect of Principle 2.

The Committee also upheld Unite’s complaint that Community breached Principle 3, and in particular that element of Principle 3 which requires unions seeking to sign a sole union recognition agreement to notify the TUC General Secretary of its intentions.

The full terms of the Committee’s Award were reported to the General Council at its meeting on 30 April 2014.

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114 APPENDIX FIVE TUC RULES AND STANDING ORDERS (as at July 2014)

PART 1 CONSTITUTION The General Council may also accept applications from organisations of local trade union branches to register as Trades Councils, County Trades RULE 1 Councils or County Associations where they comply with such requirements as determined by the General Council including in particular to have Name, ofce and membership a clear commitment to promote equality for all. (a) NAME AND OFFICE: The name of the Registration in this capacity does not consist of organisation constituted by these Rules shall afliation and confers no authorisation to speak be the ‘Trades Union Congress’ (hereinafter or act on behalf of the Trades Union Congress. called ‘the Congress’), and its principal ofce shall be at Congress House, 23-28 Great Russell Street, London WC1B 3LS, or such RULE 2 other places as the General Council of the Congress (hereinafter called ‘the General Council’) shall from time to time decide. Objects (a) The objects of the Congress shall be: (b) MEMBERSHIP: The Congress shall consist of such bona ﬁde trade union To do anything to promote the interests of all organisations as satisfy the requirements or any of its afliated organisations or anything of these Rules and are afliated in the beneﬁcial to the interests of past and present manner prescribed by these Rules. individual members of such organisations.

Any such organisation may make application to To promote equality for all and to eliminate become afliated to Congress and shall furnish all forms of harassment, prejudice and copies of its Rules and Constitution together with unfair discrimination, both within its own such other particulars and information as shall structures and through all its activities, at any time be required by the General Council. including its employment practices.

It shall be a requirement of afliation that an Generally to improve the economic or organisation has a clear commitment to promote social conditions of workers in all parts of equality for all and to eliminate all forms of the world and to render them assistance harassment, prejudice and unfair discrimination, whether or not such workers are employed both within its own structures and through all its or have ceased to be employed. activities, including its own employment practices. To afliate to or subscribe to or to assist In deciding at the time of such application or any other organisation having objects at any time thereafter whether or not a bona similar to those of the Congress. ﬁde trade union is eligible for afliation, the General Council shall have regard inter alia To assist in the complete organisation of all to the ability of the trade union organisation workers eligible for membership of its afliated in its own right and of its own authority organisations and subject as hereinafter to fulﬁl the obligations of afliation to the set forth in these Rules to assist in settling Congress and to comply with these Rules. disputes between the members of such organisations and their employers or between The General Council shall have full power to such organisations and their members or accept or reject any such application for afliation between the organisations themselves. and the General Council shall in addition have full power at any time to terminate the afliation In pursuance of these general objects, and of any organisation which in the opinion of in accordance with particular decisions the General Council does not fully satisfy the that Congress may make from time to time, requirements of afliation for the time being. Congress may do or authorise to be done all such acts and things as it considers necessary The power of the General Council under this Rule for the furtherance of those objects. to accept or reject any application or terminate any afliation is subject to the power of the next annual Congress to overrule any such decision. 115 APPENDIX FIVE TUC RULES AND STANDING ORDERS (as at July 2014)

(b) In the interpretation of the above objects RULE 4 the General Council shall have complete discretion subject only to the power of the annual Congress to revise their decisions. Composition of General Council (a) The General Council shall be composed of ten sections as follows: RULE 3 Section A shall consist of members from those organisations with a full numerical membership Afliation fees of 200,000 or more members. Each such Each Afliated Organisation shall pay to the organisation shall be entitled to nominate Congress an annual afliation fee in respect one or more of its members to be a member of each of its members (probationary, free or or members of the General Council and the otherwise). The annual afliation fee shall be number of members to which the organisations payable quarterly at the beginning of each comprising Section A shall be entitled shall be quarter of the year, the first such quarter determined by their full numerical membership commencing on 1 January in any year. on the basis of one per 200,000 members or part thereof provided that where the total The annual afliation fee payable in respect number of women members of any organisation of each member notified in accordance with in Section A is 100,000 or more that organisation sub- paragraph (a) shall be 95 per cent (the shall nominate at least one woman. percentage figure) of the weekly (or equivalent) contribution rate based on the average of Section B shall consist of members from all unions contribution rates calculated in those organisations with a full numerical accordance with sub-paragraph (c). To this end membership of 30,000 up to 199,999 members. Each such organisation shall be entitled to (a) Each organisation shall by 31 May in nominate one of its members to be a member each year, inform the General Secretary of Section B of the General Council. of Congress of the number of its members as at 1 January of that year. Section C shall consist of seven members of unions with fewer than 30,000 members. (b) Each afliated organisation shall by 30 September in any year, inform the General Section D shall consist of four women members Secretary of the contribution rate payable all of whom shall be members of an afliated by the largest category of members as organisation with less than 200,000 members. at 1 January of the year following. Section E shall consist of one black member who (c) The average of all unions’ contribution rates shall be from an organisation with a full numerical is the sum of each union’s contribution rate in membership of 200,000 or more members. accordance with sub-paragraph (b) multiplied Subject to Rule 4 (f), each such organisation shall by each union’s afliated membership and be entitled to nominate one of its members to be divided by the total afliated membership the Section E member of the General Council. in the year in which the contribution rate is notified to the General Secretary. Section F shall consist of one black member who shall be from an organisation with a full numerical (d) The General Council shall, by 31 October membership of 199,999 or less members. Subject in each year, confirm, increase, or reduce, to Rule 4 (f), each such organisation shall be the percentage figure in accordance with entitled to nominate one of its members to be the TUC work programme and priorities the Section F member of the General Council. as decided by Congress in that year. Section G shall consist of one black woman Unless decided otherwise by the General Council member who shall be a member of an 10 per cent of each annual afliation fee should afliated organisation. Subject to Rule 4 be allocated to the TUC Development Fund. (f), each such organisation shall be entitled to nominate one of its members to be the Section G member of the General Council.

116 Section H shall consist of one member (d) In the event of a member of Section A or representing trade unionists with disabilities. Section B ceasing by death, resignation or other cause to be a member of the General Section I shall consist of one member Council, the afliated organisation which representing lesbian, gay, bisexual nominated that member may nominate a and transgender trade unionists. successor to take her or his place. In the event of a member of Section C, D, E, F, G, Section J shall consist of one H, I and J ceasing by death, resignation or member under the age of 27. other cause to be a member of the General Council, the General Council shall determine All unions will be entitled to nominate one of how, if at all, the vacancy shall be ﬁlled. their members who is a delegate to Congress for sections H, I and J and election shall be by (e) No organisation may participate in the ballot of all unions entitled to vote at Congress. nomination or selection of members of the General Council unless it shall Subject to Rule 4 (f), the election of a member have paid the fees provided by Rule of the General Council for any section shall 3 during the previous year. be in addition to, and not in substitution for, any member of the union who is elected (f) No afliated organisation shall be entitled as a member of the General Council in to nominate a member for Section G and, accordance with the provisions relating to the as appropriate, Section E or Section F. election of a member of another section.

(b) On 1 June each year or as soon thereafter as RULE 5 is practicable, each afliated organisation shall be allocated by the General Council either to Section A, B, C or E or F and, where Qualifications for General Council applicable, Section D on the basis of its (a) No person shall be eligible for membership full numerical membership, as notified to of any section of the General Council the General Secretary in accordance with who is not a Congress delegate (as per Rule 3 and the General Council shall then Rules 17 and 18) and the organisation so advise each afliated organisation of the represented shall have paid the fees provided Section(s) to which it has been allocated by Rule 3 during the previous year. and in the case of afliated organisations allocated to Section A and Section B of (b) No person shall be eligible for membership the number or numbers of members of the of the General Council who has privately General Council to which they are entitled. assisted, during the year preceding the annual Congress, in the production of All organisations shall be notified of the anything made by non-union labour, or by arrangements for making a nomination such firms as may be declared unfair by of a member for Section G, H, I and J and the interested trade society, or who has organisations allocated to Sections C, D, E & continued to assist privately in the production F shall also be notified of the arrangements of anything made by non-union labour, or by for making a nomination of a member for such firms as may be declared unfair by the the sections to which they are allocated. interested trade society, after such matters have been pointed out to her or him. (c) Members of all sections of the General Council shall take ofce at the termination of the annual Congress and shall remain in ofce until the termination of the next annual Congress and shall be eligible for re-election to or continued membership of the General Council.

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RULE 6 Ballot papers containing the names of all candidates nominated for Section C of the General Council shall be supplied to the Nomination of General Council delegations of all organisations allocated (a) At least eight weeks prior to the date ﬁxed for to Section C on the day of the election. the commencement of each annual Congress, Ballot papers containing the names of all each afliated organisation allocated to the candidates nominated for Section D of Section A or Section B in accordance with the General Council shall be supplied to the rule 4(b) shall notify the General Secretary delegations of all organisations allocated of the Congress of the name(s) of its chosen to Section D on the day of the election. member(s) on the General Council for the coming year. If a member so nominated shall Ballot papers containing the names of all resign or die before the annual Congress the candidates nominated for Section E of the General Council shall accept a replacement General Council shall be supplied to the nomination from that organisation. delegations of all organisations allocated to Section E on the day of the election. Ballot (b) Each afliated organisation allocated papers containing the names of all candidates to Section C or Section E or Section F nominated for Section F of the General Council in accordance with Rule 4(b) shall be shall be supplied to the delegations of all entitled to nominate one of its delegates organisations allocated to Section F on the for election, as appropriate, to Section C, day of the election. Ballot papers containing Section E and Section F of the General the names of all candidates nominated for Council. Subject to Rule 4(f), each afliated Section G, H, I and J of the General Council organisation shall be entitled to nominate shall be supplied to the delegations of all one of its delegates for election to Section organisations on the day of the election. G, H, I and J of the General Council. (f) Notice of withdrawal of any nomination for (c) Each afliated union with 200,000 or fewer Section C, D, E, F, G, H, I and J must reach members shall have the right to nominate the General Secretary of the Congress not one of its women members for election later than four weeks before the opening to Section D of the General Council. of the annual Congress. Where, due to the withdrawal of a candidate before election or (d) Nominations for the General Council under to any other cause, there is an insufciency (b) or (c) above shall be sent to the General of candidates to ﬁll the number of seats Secretary of the Congress on the appropriate in the Section concerned, the General form, which must be signed by the President Council shall have the power to call for fresh (or the Chairman) and Secretary of the nominations, notwithstanding anything organisation making the nomination, and in these Rules and Standing Orders. must be received by the General Secretary of the Congress at least eight weeks prior to the Monday of the annual Congress. RULE 7

(e) The list of members in Section A or Section B and of nominations to the places in Sections Election of the General Council - C, D, E, F, G, H, I and J shall be published Sections C, and D, E, F, G, H, I and J. in the preliminary agenda containing the (a) Members of Section C of the General motions which are to be discussed at the Council shall be elected at each annual annual Congress. However, if a candidate for Congress by ballot vote of all afliated Section C, D, E, F, G, H, I and J dies before the organisations allocated to Section C. election takes place the General Council shall have the powers to authorise the acceptance (b) Members of Section D of the General of a fresh nomination notwithstanding Council shall be elected at each annual anything in these Rules and Standing Orders. Congress by ballot vote of all afliated organisations allocated to Section D.

118 (c) The member of Section E of the General RULE 8 Council shall be elected at each annual Congress by ballot vote of all afliated organisations allocated to Section E. Duties of the General Council (a) The General Council shall transact the (d) The member of Section F of the General business in the periods between each Council shall be elected at each annual annual Congress, shall keep a watch on Congress by ballot vote of all afliated all industrial movements, and shall, where organisations allocated to Section F. possible, coordinate industrial action.

(e) The members of Sections G, H, I and J will (b) They shall watch all legislation be elected at each annual Congress by afecting labour, and shall initiate such ballot vote of all afliated organisations. legislation as Congress may direct.

(f) In the elections of the General Council for the (c) They shall endeavour to adjust disputes and members of Section C and of Section D and diferences between afliated organisations. for the Section E, Section F, Section G and Sections H, I and J, each organisation entitled (d) They shall promote common action by the to vote may cast all or any part of the votes trade union movement on general questions, to which it is entitled in favour of as many such as wages and hours of labour, and any candidates as are to be elected in the election matter of general concern that may arise in question. No organisation shall cast more between trade unions and trade unions, or votes than the number to which it is entitled between employers and trade unions, or for any one candidate. The number of votes between the trade union movement and to which each organisation shall be entitled the Government, and shall have power to shall be determined on the basis of one vote assist any union which is attacked on any for every 1,000 members or fraction or part vital question of trade union principle. thereof as declared by the organisation in accordance with Rule 3. The candidate(s) in (e) They shall assist trade unions in the work of each election securing the highest number organisation, and shall carry on propaganda of votes shall be declared elected. with a view to strengthening the trade union movement, and for the attainment (g) The ballot papers shall be issued by the of any or all of the above objects. Scrutineers, and after being ﬁlled up shall then be immediately placed in the box (f) They shall also enter into relations without inspection by the delegates other with the trade union and labour than those of the organisation voting. movements in other countries with a view to securing united action. (h) Any delegates found guilty of violating this Rule shall at once be reported to Congress, (g) They shall have authority to invest and named by the President and expelled. Such administer the funds of the Congress and delegate or delegates shall not be eligible to make grants to any organisation or to attend Congress again for three years. person, whether in Great Britain, or abroad, for such purposes as it seems desirable, (i) A notiﬁcation of the penalties likely to but in so doing they shall have regard to be involved in the infringement of this the directions, if any, from time to time Rule shall be included in the instructions given by Congress. They shall also have printed on each ballot paper. authority to raise funds for any special purpose and to invest and administer such funds and to make grants therefrom.

119 APPENDIX FIVE TUC RULES AND STANDING ORDERS (as at July 2014)

(h) For the purpose of carrying out the objects RULE 9 of the Congress, of conducting its afairs and in relation to the matters speciﬁcally referred to in this Rule the General Council Appointment of committees shall have power to utilise the funds and The General Council shall appoint such property of the Congress, to enter into any Committees as they consider necessary transaction and by any one or more of their to deal with aspects of their business. members or appointed ofcers to execute in the name and on behalf of the Congress any deeds or documents that may be necessary. RULE 10

(i) The General Council shall have power whenever they deem necessary to General Secretary convene a special Congress or Conference (a) The General Secretary shall be elected to deal with any contingency that may by Congress, and shall be ex ofcio a arise, and to arrange the agenda and member of the Congress and the General procedure whereby the business of Council. She or he shall remain in ofce so such meetings shall be conducted. long as her or his work and conduct give satisfaction to the General Council and to (j) In the event of a legal point arising which, the representatives attending Congress, in the opinion of the General Council (after and shall retire from the service of the consultation with Counsel) should be tested Congress upon reaching the age of 65. in the House of Lords in the general interests of trade unionism, the Council shall be (b) The annual Congress preceding the date of empowered to take the necessary action. retirement of the General Secretary shall elect a General Secretary Designate who shall (k) In order that the trade union movement become General Secretary on the retirement may do everything which lies in its power of her or his predecessor. Should a vacancy to prevent future wars, the General Council otherwise occur between the annual meetings shall, in the event of there being a danger of of the Congress, the General Council shall an outbreak of war, call a special Congress to have power to ﬁll such a vacancy temporarily. decide on industrial action, such Congress to be called, if possible, before war is declared. (c) The General Council shall determine the salary and conditions of service of the General (l) The General Council shall prepare a report Secretary, and shall provide her or him with all of their work for submission to the annual necessary assistance, ofce accommodation, Congress and shall include in it a record of and facilities for conducting the business the attendances at General Council meetings. of the Congress and the General Council. The Standing Orders of Congress and the General Council shall be published in each (d) Any duty or function imposed by these annual report of the proceedings of Congress. Rules upon the General Secretary may be discharged (with her or his consent) by such persons as she or he considers appropriate provided always that the General Secretary shall remain responsible to the General Council for the discharge of that duty or function.

120 RULE 11 (d) Whenever the General Council intervene in relation to a matter within the provision of clause (c) of this Rule, and the organisation Industrial disputes or organisations concerned accept the (a) It shall be an obligation upon the afliated assistance and advice of the General Council, organisations to keep the General Secretary and where despite the eforts of the General of the Congress informed with regard to Council, the policy of the employers enforces matters arising between them and their a stoppage of work by strike or lock-out, the employers and/or between one organisation General Council shall forthwith take steps and another, including unauthorised and to organise on behalf of the organisation unconstitutional stoppages of work, in or organisations concerned all such moral particular where such matters may involve, and material support as the circumstances directly or indirectly, large bodies of of the dispute may appear to justify. workers. The General Council or the General Secretary shall (if either should consider it necessary) disseminate the information as RULE 12 soon as possible to all organisations which are afliated to the Congress and which may be either directly or indirectly afected. Disputes between afliated organisations (a) Where disputes arise or threaten to arise (b) The general policy of the General Council between afliated organisations, the General shall be that unless requested to do so by Council or the General Secretary of the the afliated organisation or organisations Congress shall use their or her or his influence concerned, neither the General Council nor (as the case may be) to promote a settlement. the General Secretary shall intervene so long as there is a prospect of whatever diference (b) It shall be an obligation on the afliated may exist on the matters in question being organisation or organisations concerned amicably settled by means of the machinery to notify the General Secretary when an of negotiations existing in the trades afected. ofcial stoppage of work is contemplated in any dispute between afliated (c) If, however, a situation has arisen, or is organisations, whether relating to trade likely to arise, in which other bodies of union recognition, trade union membership, workpeople afliated to Congress might demarcation of work, or any other difculty. be involved in a stoppage of work or their No afliated organisation shall authorise wages, hours and conditions of employment such a stoppage of work until the dispute imperilled, the General Council or the has been dealt with under the provisions General Secretary may investigate the of Clauses (e) to (h) of this Rule. matter by calling representatives of the organisation or organisations concerned (c) Where a dispute between unions has led into consultation, and may use their to an unauthorised stoppage of work, influence or her or his influence (as the case it shall be an obligation of the afliated may be) to efect a just settlement of the organisation or organisations concerned diference. In this connection the General to take immediate and energetic steps Council or the General Secretary, having to obtain a resumption of work. given an opportunity to each organisation concerned to present its views on the (d) The afliated organisation or organisations matter and having ascertained the facts concerned shall notify the General Secretary relating to the diference, may tender their as soon as possible of any stoppage of work or her or his considered opinion and advice which involves directly or indirectly large thereon to the organisation or organisations bodies of workers, or which, if protracted, concerned. Should the organisation or may have serious consequences. In organisations refuse such assistance or addition to such notification, the afliated advice, the General Secretary shall duly report organisation or organisations concerned thereon to the General Council and/or the shall inform the General Secretary of the General Council shall duly report thereon causes and circumstances of the dispute to Congress or deal with the organisation and of the steps taken or proposed by it or under Clauses (b), (c), (d) and (h) of Rule 13. by them to secure a resumption of work. 121 APPENDIX FIVE TUC RULES AND STANDING ORDERS (as at July 2014)

(e) Either upon notification from an afliated (h) Afliated organisations summoned by the organisation as required by Clause (b) or General Secretary to appear as parties before Clause (d) of this Rule, or upon the application a Disputes Committee shall be bound by of an afliated organisation, or whenever she any award of the Disputes Committee and or he considers it to be necessary, the General shall comply forthwith with such award. Secretary may investigate cases of dispute or Should any such organisation refuse or disagreement between afliated organisations fail forthwith to carry into efect such an and may decide on the most appropriate award (in whole or in part) the General method of resolving the issue. Where she Council having received the award may or he considers it appropriate, the General report on the matter as they think fi t to all Secretary may refer any such case to a Disputes afliated organisations, and/or may either: Committee of the Congress for resolution in accordance with the Regulations governing (i) deal with the organisation under clauses procedure in regard to disputes between (b), (c), (d) and (h) of Rule 13, or afliated organisations (as amended by the General Council and adopted by the Congress (ii) report the matter to the next from time to time). In the event of such a annual Congress to be dealt with reference, the General Secretary may summon as that Congress may decide. afliated organisations to appear as parties before a Disputes Committee and shall require such organisations to submit to that Committee RULE 13 any information, which she or he or the Committee considers to be essential to enable the Committee to adjudicate upon the case. Conduct of afliated organisations (a) If at any time there appears to the General (f) If an afliated organisation refuses or fails Council to be justification for an investigation to respond to a summons by the General into the conduct of any afliated organisation Secretary to appear before a Disputes on the ground that the activities of such Committee, the General Secretary shall organisation may be detrimental to the investigate the circumstances of such a interests of the trade union movement refusal or failure by calling representatives or contrary to the declared principles or of the organisation into consultation and declared policy of the Congress, the General inviting the organisation to give reasons for Council shall summon such organisation to its conduct. If, after such investigation, the appear by duly appointed representatives General Secretary does not withdraw her or before them or before such Committee as the his summons and the organisation persists General Council consider appropriate in order in its refusal or failure to appear before the that such activities may be investigated. In Disputes Committee the General Secretary the event of the organisation failing to attend, shall report the matter to the General Council the investigation shall proceed in its absence. who may deal with the organisation under Clause (h) of this Rule as if it were a case (b) If after an investigation under: of failure by that organisation to comply with an award of a Disputes Committee. (i) clause (a) of this Rule; or

(g) If an organisation which is a party to a (ii) an investigation under dispute fails or refuses to submit its case clause (c) of Rule11; or to a Disputes Committee as provided by this Rule, the Disputes Committee may (iii) an investigation and report to the General proceed to make an award in the absence Council by the General Secretary of the of that organisation and in any event it shall Congress under clause (f) of Rule 12; or not be permissible for that organisation to raise the dispute at any annual Congress. (iv) an investigation by a Disputes Committee under clauses (e) and (g) of Rule 12 and a refusal or failure to comply with its award under clause (h) of Rule 12;

122 it appears to the General Council that (h) Any afliated organisation dealt with under the activities of the organisation may this Rule shall have the right to appeal to be detrimental to the interests of the the next annual Congress and may appoint trade union movement or contrary to the delegates in accordance with Rules 17 and 18 declared principles or declared policy of to represent the organisation upon the appeal Congress, the General Council shall notify and at the annual Congress if the appeal is the organisation of that fact, specifying the allowed. Congress shall upon such appeal grounds on which that charge is made and have ﬁnal authority to deal with the matter inviting the organisation to present its views by way of re-admission, further suspension or to the General Council. If, after considering exclusion from membership of the Congress. those views, the General Council decide that the said activities are detrimental to the interests of the trade union movement RULE 14 or contrary to the declared principles or declared policy of Congress, the General Council shall direct the organisation to Trustees, auditors and accounts discontinue such activities forthwith and (a) TRUSTEES: Two or more Trustees shall undertake not to engage therein in the future. be appointed by the General Council in whose names the funds and property of the (c) Should the organisation disobey such Congress shall be vested. Such Trustees shall direction, or fail to give such undertaking, the hold ofce until their respective successors General Council are hereby empowered in have been duly appointed by the General their discretion to order that the organisation Council and shall have accepted ofce. be forthwith suspended from membership of The Trustees shall deal with the funds and the Congress until the next annual Congress. property held by them in accordance with the directions of the General Council and (d) The General Council shall submit a report shall invest any funds available for investment upon the matter to the next annual Congress. in accordance with such directions. The bank accounts of the Congress shall be in (e) No afliated organisation shall the names of the Trustees, but the General circularise, either in writing or by general Council may by resolution authorise the oral communication, other afliated Trustees to direct the Bankers to honour organisations upon any matter concerning the signature or signatures of any person or the business of the Congress, without persons named in the resolution, in which ﬁrst securing the General Council’s case the Trustees shall give such direction and authorisation for such circularisation. shall be relieved from all liability in respect of payments made in the manner authorised (f) Should any such unauthorised circularisation by the resolution while it is in force. take place concerning a motion for the agenda of the annual Congress or any (b) AUDITORS: The accounts of the Congress special Congress or Conferences, and the shall be audited annually by a chartered or General Council after investigation decide incorporated accountant to be appointed that those responsible for such motion by the General Council. The accountant connived at, or were party to, or concerned shall be given access to all books and with such circularisation, the motion documents of the Congress and shall be shall not be included in the agenda. given all information or explanations with regard to the accounts that she or he (g) The General Council may investigate any requires. The accountant shall be required violation of the provisions of Clauses (e) to submit a report to the General Council and (f), and if after such investigation they as soon as practicable after the audit. decide that any organisation has acted deliberately in such violation they may deal with the organisation by investigation, suspension and report under the terms of Clauses (b), (c) and (d) of this Rule.

123 APPENDIX FIVE TUC RULES AND STANDING ORDERS (as at July 2014)

(c) ACCOUNTS FOR THE YEAR: In order RULE 17 that afliated organisations may have an opportunity of perusing the financial statements prior to each annual Congress, Representation at annual Congress the financial year shall close on 31 December. (a) A fliated organisations shall be entitled to The audit shall then take place and printed be represented at the annual Congress by Balance Sheets, duly certified by the Auditors, one delegate for every 5,000 members or shall be sent with the complete agenda to fraction thereof, (save for unions with fewer the secretary of each organisation not less than 5,000 members who shall be entitled than 14 days before each annual Congress. to two delegates) provided always that they have paid the fees prescribed in Rule 3.

RULE 15 (b) Not later than seven weeks prior to the Monday of the annual Congress the names and addresses of the delegates shall be sent Amendment of rules and standing orders to the General Secretary of the Congress on (a) The General Council may between each the appropriate form which must be signed by annual Congress make any amendment the President (or Chairman) and Secretary of to the Rules and Standing Orders that the organisation such delegates will represent. they deem necessary subject to any such amendment being confirmed by the next (c) A credential card shall not be issued to any annual Congress, providing that any such afliated organisation which has failed to amendment shall in any event be binding comply with the foregoing conditions. upon all afliated organisations and their members until overruled by Congress. RULE 18 (b) Afliated organisations may (subject to the provisions of Rule 23) put forward motions for the amendment of the Delegates’ qualifications Rules and Standing Orders for the (a) Each annual Congress shall consist of consideration of such annual Congress. delegates who must be financial members of the afliated organisation they are to represent and actually working at their trade at the time of appointment, or PART 2 ARRANGEMENTS full-time paid ofcials of such afliated FOR ANNUAL CONGRESS organisation. However, unemployed members of an afliated organisation shall not be debarred from acting as delegates. RULE 16 (b) The above qualifications shall not, however, debar a person from acting as a delegate Preliminary arrangements who is not a full-time paid ofcial and (a) The General Council shall select the place who has temporarily left her or his normal for the annual Congress and shall have full-time work as an employee in trade or the powers to invite representatives industry to undertake Parliamentary duties, of public bodies and other institutions provided that, at the time of her or his to attend the sittings thereof. attending Congress, she or he is occupying a national post designated under the Rules (b) The General Council shall meet during of the appointing afliated organisation. the week prior to the date of each annual Congress for the purpose of completing the arrangements there for.

124 RULE 19 ! to submit to the President of Congress a programme of all motions and amendments approved by them as Congress President being in accordance with the Rules and (a) The President of the Congress shall be Standing Orders, together with all appointed by the General Council at their ﬁrst meeting after each annual Congress. ! suggestions for the proper conduct of the business of the annual Congress; (b) The duties of the President shall be to preside at all meetings of the General ! to report to the General Council any Council, an at all special Congresses or violation of the Rules or Standing Conferences for one year following the Orders that may be brought to date of her or his appointment, and at the their notice, together with any annual Congress concluding her or his recommendation agreed upon. term of ofce. She or he shall then become ﬁrst Vice-Chair of the General Council for a period of one year thereafter. RULE 21

RULE 20 Tellers and ballot scrutineers The General Council shall nominate, for the approval of the Congress, four or more General Purposes Committee Tellers and up to seven Ballot Scrutineers. (a) A General Purposes Committee of ﬁve members for the ensuing annual Congress shall be nominated and elected by ballot. RULE 22 If any member elected is not a delegate to the ensuing annual Congress, or a vacancy arises from any other cause, Voting the highest unsuccessful candidate shall The method of voting at Congress shall be at be called upon to ﬁll the vacancy. the discretion of the President, by voice, or show of hands, or card vote. Where, however, a (b) Each nominee for the General Purposes division by voice or show of hands is challenged Committee must be nominated by her or by delegates to Congress, voting shall be by his own organisation. Nominations shall cards to be issued to the delegations according be submitted on the appropriate form to membership (paid for as per Rule 3) on the which must be signed by the President (or basis of one vote for every 1,000 members or Chair) and Secretary of the organisation fractional part thereof represented. Such cards and shall reach the General Secretary of to be issued to afliated organisations by the the Congress at least eight weeks prior General Secretary of the Congress before the to the Monday of the annual Congress. commencement of the annual Congress.

(c) The members of the General Purposes Committee shall appoint from their body RULE 23 a chair and secretary. The duties of the General Purposes Committee shall be:- Motions for Congress ! to co-operate with the movers of (a) Motions for the Congress must be submitted motions and amendments in order on the appropriate forms and be signed by that composite motions may be the President (or Chair) and Secretary of the obtained wherever possible; organisation submitting such motions and must be received by the General Secretary ! to have printed and circulated to the of Congress not later than eight weeks delegates copies of the composite before the Monday of the annual Congress. motions they have approved;

125 APPENDIX FIVE TUC RULES AND STANDING ORDERS (as at July 2014)

(b) Such motions shall be printed and sent to (f) Motions shall not exceed 250 words in each afliated organisation not less than length. Amendments shall not exceed 50 six weeks before the annual Congress. The words in length. These provisions shall order in which these subjects are to be apply to original motions and emergency discussed shall be decided by the General motions but not to composite motions Council in consultation with the General nor to motions selected to go forward Purposes Committee of Congress. to the Congress Agenda by the equality conferences, Young Workers Conference (c) An afliated organisation shall be allowed and Trades Union Councils Conference. not more than two motions, apart from organisations with more than one million members who will be allowed one additional RULE 24 motion for each additional 500,000 members or part thereof. In addition each of the equality conferences, the Young Delegations Workers’ Conference and Trades Union All nominations for delegations appointed Councils’ Conference will be allowed by Congress must be submitted on the to choose one motion carried by that appropriate form and be signed by the conference for submission to Congress. In President (or Chair) and Secretary of the order that important labour questions may organisation and must be sent to reach the not be omitted from the discussion of the General Secretary of the Congress not later annual Congress, the General Council are than eight weeks before the Monday of the empowered to place not more than three annual Congress. Each nominee must be motions on the annual Congress agenda. nominated by her or his own organisation.

(d) All amendments to the motions submitted by afliated organisations must be RULE 25 received by the General Secretary of Congress not later than four weeks before the Monday of the annual Congress. An Date of annual Congress afliated organisation shall be allowed not (a) Unless otherwise decided by the General more than two amendments apart from Council, the date for the opening of each organisations with more than one million annual Congress shall be the Sunday members who will be allowed one additional before the second Monday in September. amendment for each additional 500,000 members or part thereof. These must be (b) To enable afliated organisations to submitted on the appropriate forms and comply with the various requirements of be signed by the President (or Chair) and these Rules where time limits are ﬁxed Secretary of the organisation concerned. by reference to the date of the annual Congress, the General Council shall, in the (e) Notwithstanding the provisions of this event of any change in such date, direct Rule, the General Council or any afliated that notice of such change shall be given organisation shall, subject to the approval to afliated organisations in due time. of the General Purposes Committee, be permitted to submit an emergency motion for the consideration of the delegates to Congress. No such permission shall, however, be granted unless agreed to by at least two- thirds of the votes cast by the delegates to the particular annual or special Congress.

126 RULE 26 (f) PRESIDENT’S RULING: Should any delegate cause disturbance at any session of annual or special Congress, and refuse to obey the Standing orders President when called to order, she or he (a) HOURS OF MEETING: Delegates shall shall be named by the President, and shall assemble at 4pm prompt on the ﬁrst day of be expelled from the hall for the remainder each annual Congress and at 9.30 a.m. on of the session, and shall not be allowed each succeeding day. On Sunday Congress to take part in the Congress proceedings shall adjourn at 7pm and each day thereafter without the consent of Congress delegates. (Monday to Wednesday) Congress shall adjourn at 12.45 p.m. and reassemble at 2.15 (g) CLOSURE: The Previous Question, Next p.m. and adjourn for the day at 5.30 p.m. Business, or the Closure may be moved and on Monday and Tuesday and shall conclude seconded only by those delegates who have no later than 4 p.m. on Wednesday. not previously spoken during the debate, and there shall be no speeches on such motions. (b) AGENDA: A complete agenda of the Should the closure be carried, the mover of motions and amendments submitted under the original motion shall have the right to Rule 23 shall be printed and sent, not later reply in accordance with Rule 26, clause (d). than 19 days before the opening of each Should the President consider that there is Congress, to the afliated organisations no practical diference of opinion among the which have paid up to the last preceding delegates, she or he shall have power to stop quarter the fees due under Rule 3. the discussion and submit the proposition to the vote of the Congress delegates. (c) GENERAL COUNCIL’S REPORT: After the opening of each annual Congress, the General (h) SPECIAL MEETINGS: In the case of special Council shall present their report for the Congresses or Conferences the above past year, which shall be laid on the table Standing Orders shall be adhered to for discussion. The items of the report shall wherever applicable as closely as possible. be discussed seriatim and not as a whole: each speaker to be limited to three minutes. Such report shall be given precedence over RULE 27 all other business provided that where a motion on the agenda bears directly upon any part of the report, such motion may at Suspension of rules and standing orders the discretion of the President be taken in Rules and Standing Orders in Part 2 hereof, conjunction with such part of the report. may, notwithstanding the terms of Rule 15, be suspended if such suspension is agreed to by at (d) LIMITATION OF SPEECHES: The mover of least two-thirds of the votes cast by the delegates the motion shall be allowed ﬁve minutes, the to the particular annual or special Congress. seconder three, and any or each succeeding speaker three minutes. A delegate shall not speak more than once on a question, except the mover of the original proposition, who shall have the right to reply.

(e) ORDER OF SPEAKERS: The President shall determine the order of speakers. Each delegate shall stand when speaking. If the President rises to call a delegate to order, or for any other purpose connected with the proceedings, the delegate speaking shall leave the rostrum and resume her or his seat and no other delegate shall rise until the President has authorised the discussion to proceed.

127 INDEX

bisexual workers see LGBT workers Black Workers’ Conference 79 blacklisting 19, 54 A Blacklisting Support Group 45 academies and free schools 39 BME workers Acas Early Conciliation scheme 45 Apprenticeships 48 Action for Rail campaign 5, 16–17 employment rights 45 Administration Fund 83 equality 50–1 adult literacy and numeracy 22 Bousted, Mary 45, 79 adult skills budget 68 Britain at Work website 85 afliations and mergers 78 Britain Needs a Pay Rise campaign 3, 4, 36, 51, 76 Age Immaterial campaign 5 bullying and harassment 54, 80 agency workers 5, 6, 44 LGBT workers 48 airport capacity 17 Burma 64 All on Board coalition 17 All Together for the NHS campaign 5, 35, 37 Americas, global solidarity 63–4 Amnesty International 63 annual leave entitlement 5, 12 Apprenticeships 17, 48, 69, 74 Apprenticeships are Union C Business project 75 Cambodia 64 Europe 58 Cameroon 70 learning and skills 22 campaigns 2, 78 national minimum wage (NMW) 27 Action for Rail 5, 16–17 race equality 50 Age Immaterial 5 apps, Unionreps 85 All Together for the NHS 5, 35, 37 Asia-Pacific, global solidarity 64 Britain Needs a Pay Rise 3, 4, 36, 51, 76 ATL 81 Clean Clothes 57 austerity 8, 34, 39, 47, 68, 76, 80 Disabled People Fighting Austerity 47 Autism and the Workplace 47 Education Not for Sale 5, 38 auto-enrolment pensions 30 equal survivor pension rights 46 Aviation at London First 17 Europe that Works for Britain 6, 58 awards, Congress 78 Fair Pay Fortnight 3, 26, 28, 36, 51, 52 False Economy 5, 37 Going to Work 85 health and safety 54 I’m an Apprentice, Value Me 22 Living Wage Week 28 Playfair 58 B Saving our Safety Net 5, 41 Bahrain 65 Speak Up for Justice 35, 40 BALPA 82 Transport for All 47 Bangladesh 6, 57, 66, 67, 85 Valuing Maternity 48 banking industry 3, 10, 18, Work Your Proper Hours day 12 Barber, Sir Brendan 45 carbon control 3, 13, 14 bargaining for skills 69 career guidance 39, 75 Bearcroft, Sheila 67 carers 5, 48–9 ‘bedroom tax’ 5, 41, 46 Carr Review 6, 45 benefits 5, 41, 42 Cartmail, Gail 20, 21, 65, 67, 79 fair pay 25 casualisation 6, 41, 44 ‘five-week wait’ 4, 41 Centre for Local Economic Strategies (CLES) 39 migrant workers 56 Channel Islands 48 Universal Credit 41, 49, 50, 69 child protection services 34 Benn, Tony 88 childcare 5, 49–50

128 China 18 Citizens UK 28 civil partnerships 47 civil service, pay and conditions 36 E Clean Clothes Campaign 57 Economic Beneﬁts of CCS in the UK 13 climate change 14 Education Not for Sale campaign 5, 38 Climbing Frame, union learning 75 education sector 5, 38–9, 60 coal mining industry 13, 14 Egypt 65 collective bargaining 4, 24, 45, 50, 60, 61 EIS 82 public sector 36 elderly and disabled people 5 Public Services Liaison Group 35, 40 Employer Ownership Pilot 21 United Nations 63 employment worker voice 53 labour market 10–11, 58 Colombia 63–4 rights 45 Committee for Workers’ Capital (CWC) 16 tribunals 5, 6, 44–5, 48, 50 Commonwealth Trade Union Group (CTUG) 65, 66 End Child Poverty (ECP) coalition 42 Community 113 energy 13–14 compensation 55 Energy and Efciency Industrial Partnership 21 corporate governance and workers’ capital 15–16 energy industry 15 court services, privatisation and outsourcing 40 Energy Intensive Users Group 13 Crasta, Elena 58, 66 environment 3, 13, 14 Crawford, Rosa 20, 56, 57, 65, 66 equality 46–53 Crow, Bob 78, 79, 81, 88–9 Aprenticeships 22 CSP 81 conferences 79–80 CWU 82 education sector 39 pay 26, 44 pension entitlements 29 regional inequality 3 Equitable Full Employment 11 Equity 81, 82 Ethnic Minority Employment Stakeholder D Group (EMESG) 50 deaf workers 47 Europe 6, 8, 50, 52, 58, 64, 78 Democracy in the Workplace 53 Europe that Works for Britain campaign 6, 58 Development Fund 82, 83 European Review 70 Dilapidations Fund 83 European Spring Council 8 disability champions, Uganda 67 European Trade Union Confederation Disability Living Foundation 46 (ETUC) 3, 8, 19, 20, 65, 66 Disability and Work 47 European Trade Union Institute 70 disabled people 5, 8, 20 European Union (EU) 5, 14, 19 Disabled People Against Cuts (DPAC) 16, 47 Advisory Committee on the Free Disabled People Fighting Austerity campaign 47 Movement of Workers 56 Disabled Students’ Allowance 80 British membership 5, 18, 58 disabled workers 45, 46–7, 67 Economic and Social Committee 58 Disabled Workers’ Committee 46 European Union Digest 70 Disabled Workers’ Conference 80 Exall, Maria 47, 79, 80 Dismantling the Barriers to Social Mobility 42 Executive Excess: The pay of FTSE 100 domestic workers 57 remuneration committee members 31–2 Dyslexia in the Workplace 47 executive pay 4, 31–2 Exell, Richard 42, 55, 66

129 INDEX

F H Fabian Society 35, 40, 52 harassment see bullying and harassment facility time 60, 63 Hayes, Billy 63, 65, 66, 79 Fair Pay Fortnight campaign 3, 26, 28, 36, 51, 52 health and safety 53–5 False Economy campaign 5, 37 rail privatisation 16 FBU 82 Health and Safety at Work manual 54 FDA 14, 40 Health and Safety Executive 55 Federation of Entertainment Unions 19 Health and Safety: Time for change 54 Federation of Worker Writers 85 health and social care sector 36–8, 75 Feickert, Dave 89 High Pay Centre 15 Ferns, Sue 67, 79, 80 Holland, Diana 44, 65 Fiji 64 home working 12 financial transactions tax (FTT) 18 household income 24 ‘five-week wait’ 4, 41 housing 2, 3, 12–13, 56, 76 flexible working 12 HS2 Growth Taskforce 17 floods 14 Hunt, Sally 63, 65, 66, 67, 79 forced labour 57 fracking 14 framework of rights for working people 45 free schools and academies 39 Fund Manager Voting Survey 15 Future that Works 76 I I’m an Apprentice, Value Me campaign 22 Incomes Data Services (IDS) 24 Independent Living Foundation 46 Independent Living Fund 80 Industrial Injuries Advisory Committee 55 G industrial partnerships 21, 75 Gangmasters Licensing Authority 44 industrial policy 3, 13, 18–19 gay workers see LGBT workers industrial wages councils 29 Gaza 65, 67 Information and Consultation of Gender Jobs Split 11 Employees (ICE) Regulations 53 global solidarity 63–7 Institute for Fiscal Studies 4 global trade 19–20 international development 20 GMB 40, 45, 58, 113 International Development Matters 20 Going to Work campaign 85 International Trade Union Confederation Grantham, Roy 89 (ITUC) 64, 65–6 Greece 64 Trade Union Development Cooperation Network 20 Green Growth: No Turning Back conference 14 International Transport Federation 16 green workplaces 3 International Women’s Day, Cambodia 64 Guatemala 64, 67 investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS) 19–20 Investors in People reaccreditation 84 IPPR 40 Iran 65 Iraq 65 Is Social Security Spending Really Out of Control? 42 Israel 65

130 J M Justice 4 Domestic Workers 57 McCafrey, Fern 79 justice McCormack, John 90 access to 44–5 McGovern, Seán 47, 79, 80 criminal justice system 40 mental health 47, 54, 80 global trade 19 mergers and afliations 78 Justice for Sale: The privatisation of Mid-life Career Review project 75 ofender management services 40 Middle East/North Africa, global solidarity 65 Justice Unions Campaign Group 5 migrant workers 4, 56, 58 Mills, Gloria 50, 65, 66, 79 Musicians Union 28 My Union, My Voice 51 K Keeping Up with the Cuts 42 Kenny, Paul 55 Korea 64 N Napo 40, 82 NASUWT 82 National Apprenticeship Service 50, 75 National Express shareholders 16 national minimum wage (NMW) 3, 4, 22, 27, 38 see also living wage L National Open College Network 68 labour market 10–11, 58 nationalised companies, pensions 30 Labour Research Department 85 Nautilus 81 Leading Change programme 6, 62 Network Rail 16 Leahy, Michael 78 New Path for Europe 8 learning and skills 8, 21–2, 69, 74, 75 NHS 26, 56 lesbian workers see LGBT workers All Together for the NHS campaign 5, 35, 37 LGBT Conference 80 threats to 4, 5, 34, 36–7 LGBT Equality at Work 48 Nigeria 48, 66 LGBT people 8, 48 North Africa/Middle East, global solidarity 65 equal survivor pension rights 46 Nowak, Paul 14, 18, 45, 64, 80, 81, 84 LGBT People’s Assembly 47 numeracy and literacy 22 LGBT workers 47–8 NUS 52 literacy and numeracy 22 living wage 3–4, 24–32, 69 energy industry 15 local government 39 public sector 35, 36 Public Services Forum (PSF) 41 see also national minimum wage (NMW) O Living Wage Commission 28 occupational diseases 54 Living Wage Foundation 28 O’Grady, Frances (TUC General Secretary) Living Wage Week campaign 28 vi–viii, 65, 66, 67, 69, 79 local government 39 Carr Review 45 living wage 36 global trade 20 long hours see working time industrial policy 18, 19 Low Pay Commission 27 learning and skills 21 Living Wage Commission 28

131 INDEX

worker voice 52, 53 Pinkney, Peter 78 young workers 52 PIRC 52 older workers Playfair campaign 58 Age Immaterial campaign 5 POA 40, 81 employment rights 45 police service 40 health and safety 53 poverty 3, 24, 41 self-employment 10 childhood 42 trade union membership 61 fuel 14 women 48–9 in-work 42 organising Unemployed Workers Centres 76 trade unions 60–2 pregnancy discrimination 6, 48 young workers 52 Prentis, Dave 21, 40, 66, 79 Organising Academy 6, 62, 70 ‘presumption’ regulations 55 outsourcing 34–5, 40, 45 Pride 46, 48 prison service 40 private sector living wage 28 trade union membership 60, 61 privatisation criminal justice system 40 P rail 16 Page, Tim 18, 19, 66 privatised companies, pensions 30 Palestine 65 probation service 40 part-time employment 11, 12, 25 procurement 19–20, 45 partnerships, international and European 70 professional occupations, trade pay and conditions union membership 61 annual leave entitlement 5, 12 Prospect 82 casualisation 6, 41, 44 public sector corporate governance and workers’ capital 15–16 collective bargaining 36 education sector 38 industrial action 6 equality 26, 44 living wage 28 fair 3–4, 24–32 pay 4, 24 ﬂexible working 12 pensions 35–6, 38 gender pay gap 48 trade union membership 60, 61 low-paid workers 11, 25, 41, 42 Public Sector Equality Duty (PSED) review 46 migrant workers 56 public services 4–5, 34–5, 45 ‘pay drift’ 25 Public Services Forum (PSF) 41 public sector 4, 35–6 Public Services Liaison Group (PSLG) 35, 40 Public Services Liaison Group 40 redundancy 45 wage freezes and cuts 8 young workers 51 see also living wage and national minimum wage (NMW) PCS 14, 40, 63 Q pensions 3, 29–31 Qatar 6, 58 education sector 38 Quality Award 75 executive 31 public sector 35–6, 38 Public Services Liaison Group 40 survivor rights and beneﬁts 46, 47, 80 UNISON initiative 15 People’s Charter 76 Personal Independent Payment 46 Personnel and Training team 84

132 R T race equality 50–1 Taj, Mohammad (TUC President) 8, 56, 62, 65, 78, 79 Race Relations Committee 50 Tansley, Chris 67 rail transport 16–17 taxation 17–18 Reclaim our Futures alliance 47 avoidance and evasion 8 Reclaim the Night 49 ‘bedroom’ 5, 41, 46 redundancy 5, 44, 45 credits 42, 49, 50 Reed, Hannah 44, 45 fair pay 25 respect at work 44–5 learning and skills 21 Rickhuss, Roy 78 Robin Hood 3, 18, 65 RMT 82 Technician Pathways project 75 road transport 17 Temple Review 55 Robin Hood tax 3, 18, 65 The King’s Fund 37 Royal Mail 34 Tolpuddle Rally 58 Ruskin College 62, 70 Touchstone Russia 48 blog 10 Dismantling the Barriers to Social Mobility 42 Equitable Full Employment 11 Toxic, Corrosive and Hazardous 54 Trade Union Advisory Committee to the OECD (TUAC) 65, 66 trade union representatives S equality 35, 46 safety see health and safety facility time 60, 63 Saving our Safety Net campaign 5, 41 health and safety 55 sector skills councils 21, 75 learning 74 self-employment 3, 5, 6, 10–11, 44, 54 training 67 Serwotka, Mark 66 Trade Union Share Owners (TUSO) 15–16 shareholders 15, 16, 53 trade unions skills and learning 8, 21–2, 69, 74, 75 activists 6, 50, 51, 53–4 Skills Funding Agency 21 afliations and mergers 78 Smith, Nicola 27, 42, 66 framework of rights 45 smoking and electronic cigarettes 53 hostility towards 68 Snape, Liz 79 membership and recruitment 6, 52, 60, 61 social care see health and social care sector organising 60–2 SOGAT 85 representation 45 solidarity, global 63–7 rights 6, 53, 63 Speak Up for Justice campaign 35, 40 union learning 75 Stand Up to Racism and Facism rally 51 union voice 35 Stronger Unions blog and website 52, 63 Trade Unions Sustainable Development Stuart, Pat 48, 79 Advisory Committee (TUSDAC) 14 STUC 21, 82 trades councils 76 Sub-Saharan Africa, global solidarity 65 Trades Councils Conference 81 Sullivan, Wilf 50, 66 trafcking 57 supply chains 57–8 training see learning and skills sustainable development, global trade 19 Transatlantic Trade and Investment Swaziland 65 Partnership (TTIP) 19–20 Syria 78 transgender workers see LGBT workers transport 5, 16–17, 54 Transport for All campaign 47 Truth, Lies and Immigration 56

133 INDEX

TUC pensions 15 accounts 82–3 Speak Up for Justice campaign 40 Aid 67 Unite 45, 58, 81, 82, 113 Alliance for Science 19 LGBT People’s Assembly 47 Charter for Traineeships 22 Speak Up for Justice campaign 40 Congress 2013 78 United Nations (UN) Congress Centre 86 climate change treaty 14 education 6, 50, 62, 67–75 collective bargaining rights 63 Equality Audit 2014 46 Staf Association 70 General Council 78–9 Universal Credit 41, 69 Information Service 84 childcare 49, 50 Library Collections 85 Universal Credit: Solving the problem personnel and training 68–9, 84 of delay in beneﬁt payment 41 Trustee Network 16 USA 19, 64 TUC/Warners Trade Union Usdaw 81, 82 Communications Awards 81–2 website and media 85 Tudor, Owen 20, 57, 65, 66, 67 Turkey 64 V Valuing Maternity campaign 48 violence against women and girls 49 U vulnerable workers 44 UCATT 45, 58, 82 Uganda 48, 67 UK Commission for Employment and Skills (UKCES) 21 UK economy 2–3, 8–10, 21, 24, 25, 58 UK Music 28 W Ukraine 64 wages councils 4, 29 Unemployed Workers Centres 76 Wales TUC 46 unemployment 10–11, 21, 22, 51 Walking the Carbon Tightrope 13 unfair dismissal 5, 44, 45 Warners Trade Union Communications Union Advantage 6 Awards see TUC, TUC/Warners Trade Union Efect: Greening the workplace 14 Union Communications Awards Union Learning Fund (ULF) 21, 74, 75, 83 Way of the Dragon: What can the UK learn Union Makes Us Strong website 85 from the rise of China and East Asia? 18 Union Professional Development Programme 69 weather, extreme 14 Union Representatives Stage 1 course 69 welfare 4–5, 41–2, 56 union women ofcers’ summer school (WOSS) 69 welfare state 34 unionlearn 74–5 whistleblowers 45 apprentices 48 Williamson, Janet 16, 66 external funding cuts 84 Willis, Norman 90 I’m an Apprentice, Value Me Wilson, Fiona 67, 78 campaign 22 Winning the Argument for Welfare conference 41 industrial partnerships and skills 21 Winning Equal Pay website 85 race equality 50 women workers 42, 48–50, 58 Unionreps app 85 Age Immaterial campaign 5 Unions at Work in the South West 62 employment rights 45 Unions in the Community (UITC) website 76 local government 39 UNISON 82 pregnancy discrimination 6, 48 health reforms 37 taxation 18

134 trade union membership 61 union women ofcers’ summer school (WOSS) 69 Women’s Conference 80 Work Capability Assessment 46 Z Work Your Proper Hours Day 12 zero-hours contracts 5, 6, 41, 44 work-related illness and injury 55 migrant workers 56 worker voice 5, 6, 15–16, 34, 52–3 public sector 35 executive pay 32 social care 38 global trade 19–20 Zimbabwe 65 migrant workers 56 trade unions 60 Workers on Board: The case for workers’ voice in corporate governance 15, 52 workers’ capital and corporate governance 15–16 Workers’ Educational Association 68, 85 Workers’ Memorial Day 6, 54 Workers’ Voice in Corporate Governance: A European perspective 52 Workers’ War website 85 workfare 4, 41 Workforce Partnership Council 35 Working Against Racism 50 Working Lives Research Institute 50 working time 12, 17 WorkWiseUK 12 World Cup 2022 6, 58 Wrack, Matt 79 Y young workers 3, 8, 51–2 Apprenticeships 22, 50, 75 employment rights 45 employment statistics 11 Europe 58 fair pay 26 learning and skills 21 national minimum wage (NMW) 27 skills programmes 22 trade union membership 61 Young Workers’ Conference 80 Young Workers’ Forum 51, 62 Young Workers’ Month 6, 51–2

135 INDEX OF RESOLUTIONS

Resolutions, including composite and emergency resolutions, carried at the 2013 Congress, and where they are referred to in this General Council report.

Resolution 15 18 Composite 1 8 Resolution 23 24 Composite 2 8, 18 Resolution 24 24 Composite 3 10 Resolution 25 28 Composite 4 13 Resolution 26 34, 39 Composite 5 18 Resolution 30 38 Composite 6 12 Resolution 32 38 Composite 7 24, 34, 35 Resolution 33 38 Composite 8 29, 35 Resolution 37 34, 36 Composite 9 38 Resolution 38 34, 36 Composite 10 34, 36 Resolution 39 34 Composite 11 34, 40 Resolution 42 34 Composite 12 16, 34 Resolution 43 34 Composite 13 41 Resolution 44 34 Composite 14 44 Resolution 49 46 Composite 15 45 Resolution 50 41 Composite 16 45 Resolution 54 44 Composite 17 47 Resolution 60 48 Composite 18 45 Resolution 61 48 Resolution 62 45, 46, 48 Emergency Resolution 1 54 Resolution 63 45, 50 Emergency Resolution 2 63 Resolution 65 47 Emergency Resolution 3 38 Resolution 66 54 Emergency Resolution 4 34 Resolution 67 34 Emergency Resolution 5 45 Resolution 68 54 Emergency Resolution 6 16 Resolution 69 45 Resolution 72 45 Resolution 73 63 Resolution 74 75 Resolution 75 76 Resolution 76 57 Resolution 77 63 Resolution 78 64 Resolution 79 63 Resolution 80 48

136

SECTION XXX XXXX

CONGRESS 2014 GENERAL COUNCIL REPORT

Published by Trades Union Congress Congress House Great Russell Street London WC1B 3LS www.tuc.org.uk August 2014 ISBN 978 1 85006 957 7 £10

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