XII. Bedbugs -

1. PARASITES

RICKETTSIAE bugs; at 30°C a colony was destroyed in 18 days) (Cockbain & Hastie, 1961). Wolbachia lectularia (= Rickettsia lectularia) lectularius (in gut, not pathogenic) (Arkwright, PROTOZOA Atkin & Bacot, 1921). MASTIGOPHORA Herpetomonas donovani BACTERIA Cimex lectularius; C. rotundatus (Patton, 1913). Bacillus anthracis H. tropica Cimex sp. (penetrates gut wall, causing generalized infection of haemolymph with resultant heavy mortality) Cimex hemipterus (has intracellular stage in gut) (Patton, (Rosenholz & Owsjannikova, 1929). LaFrenais & Rao, 1921). Salmonella avium Trypanosoma rangeli Cimex lectularius (some die shortly after feeding on Cimex lectularius (highly pathogenic; invasion of haemo- septicaemic ) (Oye, 1942). lymph is rapid) (Grewal, 1957). SPOROZOA FUNGI Nosema adiei Aspergillus flavus Cimex rotundatus (in gut and salivary glands) (Christo- Cimex lectularius (causes death of immature and adult phers, 1922; Shortt & Swaminath, 1924; Weiser, 1961).

2. PREDATORS

CHILOPODA (2) Scutigera forceps Cimex lectularius (Marlatt, 1916). bidens PSEUDOSCORPIONIDA Chelifer cancroides Cimex lectularius (recommended for bedbug control in Europe in 1776) (Clausen, 1940). Cimex lectularius (Chevalier, 1929; Frickhinger, 1919). INSECIA REDUVHDAE (1) HYMENOPTERA Ploiaria domestica FORMICIDAE Cimex sp. (Roubaud & Weiss, 1927). Monomorium pharaonis personatus (arvae) Cimex lectularius (Marlatt, 1916). Cimex lectularius (Chevalier, 1929). Solenopsis geminata rufa (3) LEPIDOPTERA Cimex sp. (ants used to free clothing and furniture of bedbugs) (Negi, 1933). PYRALIDAE Thanatusflavidus Pyralis pictalis Cimex lectularius (controlled bedbugs in rooms) (Hase, Cimex hemipterus (preys on eggs; in India, control by 1930, 1933, 1934). DDT as side effect of malaria eradication programme is Cimex (completely eradicated bedbugs in Greek refugee associated with increase in bedbug incidence) (Wattal camps in 1925) (Lorando, 1929). & Kalra, 1960).

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