Freedom of Expression, the Media and Journalists
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- b - Sv f A~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Lk_ Public Disclosure Authorized The Xifl@n<(X,pVtj>Teeii Public Disclosure Authorized 25070 November 2002 Public Disclosure Authorized TfC\'ilUtc4iITh lFt -,,0 -tied into a wimtcr ofd '~~~~ 'TUD' = ~MN the a,ntry, corruption fUEPEVELO T ST UDIES... Public Disclosure Authorized WBI DEVELOPMENT STUDIES The Right to Tell The Role of Mass Media in Economic Development The World Bank Washington, D.C. © 2002 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street, NW Washington, DC 20433 All rights reserved. 1 2 3 4 5 03 02 The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed here are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Board of Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank cannot guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The bound- aries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply on the part of the World Bank any judgment of the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Rights and Permissions The material in this work is copyrighted. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmit- ted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or inclusion in any information storage and retrieval system, without the prior written permis- sion of the World Bank. The World Bank encourages dissemination of its work and will nor- mally grant permission promptly. For permission to photocopy or reprint, please send a request with complete information to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA, telephone 978-750-8400, fax 978-750-4470, www.copyright.com. -
International Protection of Journalists: Problem, Practice, and Prospects [Article]
International Protection of Journalists: Problem, Practice, and Prospects [Article] Item Type Article; text Authors Mukherjee, Amit Citation 11 Ariz. J. Int'l & Comp. L. 339 (1994) Publisher The University of Arizona James E. Rogers College of Law (Tucson, AZ) Journal Arizona Journal of International and Comparative Law Rights Copyright © The Author(s) Download date 02/10/2021 13:44:09 Item License http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ Version Final published version Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/659398 INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION OF JOURNALISTS: PROBLEM, PRACTICE, AND PROSPECTS Dr. Amit Mukherjee* I. INTRODUCTION Journalists1 on professional missions often face hostility from political or military authorities, de jure or de facto. Hostile action ranges from censorship, utilization of harsh defamation laws, restriction or denial of access to sources of information, denial or revocation of a work permit or a license, denial of entry or exit visa, and restriction of movement and expulsion to detention, disappearance, attack, torture and even murder. Journalists may also be punished or coerced by acts directed at the organizations that employ them. These acts include confiscation of publications, closure or seizure of a newspaper, radio or television station, violence against property, and revocation, denial or non-renewal of a radio or television permit. This article is concerned with international protection of journalists. I begin by introducing the problem and the scope of the study in this section. In the second section, I provide data on mistreatment of journalists which indicate the magnitude of the problem. In the third, I examine the controversy over a special status for journalists. -
Legal Observations of the European Audiovisual Observatory
•• IRIS LEGAL OBSERVATIONS OF THE EUROPEAN AUDIOVISUAL OBSERVATORY JULY 1995 - VOL. I - N° 7 CONTENTS 2 • Spain: Entry into force • United Kingdom: Context and of certain provisions of the Act of mode of publication relevant • Editorial transposition of the Directive to libel action New services for IRIS subscribers “Television without frontiers” • Netherlands: New sponsorship 11 THE GLOBAL INFORMATION rules for public broadcasters • United Kingdom: Government SOCIETY • France: Inapplicability of the Evin law to foreign publications sold in proposals on media ownership 3 France • Italy: Amendment of the Law on NEWS • Netherlands: Use of new cinema and the Boards of electronic media by public Censorship • European Commission: broadcasters Creation of a Guarantee Fund 7 • Germany/Turkey: Regional G7 • Greece: Audiovisual Bill media bodies inspect programmes broadcast in Germany by the Turkish • Communique of the “G-7” summit • Portugal: New decision on state television broadcaster TRT-INT in Halifax selective funding • Portugal: Setting-up of a system 12 EUROPEAN UNION of automatic funding for cinema- tographic feature-film production. • Austria: Appeal of the • European Court of Justice: International Human Rights Tribunal Non-transposition in national law of 8 on discrimination against homosexuals and transsexuals telecommunications directive • Portugal: New decision on the in the media • European Parliament: direct financial backing for Resolution on pluralism and media cinematographic production • Spain: Expensive broadcasting concentration