Three New Species of Megaselia Rondani (Diptera, Phoridae) from Mailand China

Zootaxa 3999 (1): 135–143 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2015 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3999.1.9 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:01EE872E-EA26-44AF-92C0-06DD33A8C540 Three new species of Megaselia Rondani (Diptera, Phoridae) from mailand China

HONG FANG1 & GUANGCHUN LIU2,3 1College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China. E-mail: [email protected] 2Liaoning Key Laboratory of Urban Integrated Pest Management and Ecological Security, Shenyang University, Shenyang, 110044, China. E-mail: [email protected] 3Corresponding author

Abstract

Three new species, Megaselia cornipalpis sp. nov., M. lacunitarsalis sp. nov. and M. trimacula sp. nov. are described and illustrated from mainland China. A checklist of species of genus Megaselia recorded from mainland China is provided.

Key words: Phoridae, Megaselia, new species, mainland China

Introduction

The genus Megaselia was established by Rondani in 1856 with the type species Megaselia crassineura Rondani (=Phora costalis Roser, 1840). About 1600 species are recorded and distributed all over the world. The knowledge of the genus in China is still limited. Its fauna in China belongs to the Palaearctic and Oriental Regions. So far, only 33 species were recorded from mainland China (Schmitz 1933; Borgmeier 1968; Disney et al. 1995; Liu 1998 a, b; Fang & Liu 2005a, b; Fang, Xia et al. 2009; Fang, Hai et al. 2009; Fang & Liu 2012), in which 21 species are known from the Oriental Region, 10 species are known from the Palaearctic Region, and M. spiracularis Schmitz and M. grisaria Schmitz are known from both of the regions. During the survey of Chinese phorid flies, we found three species of the genus Megaselia as new to science, which distribution areas belong to the Palaearctic Region. All the new species have the following common characteristics: postpedicels without SPS (subcuticular pit sensilla) vesicles. Mesopleuron with hairs. Notopleuron with 3 bristles and no cleft. Scutellum with a posterior pair of bristles and an anterior pair of hairs. Hind tibia with posterodorsal hairs and without anterodorsal hairs. Specific characters of these species are described below.

Material and methods

The specimens were preserved in alcohol (70–80%) and subsequently some of them were mounted on slides, in so- called Berlese Fluid (Disney 2001). Terminology is mainly based on Disney (1983) and Brown (1992). Type specimens are deposited in Liaoning Key Laboratory of Urban Integrated Pest Management and Ecological Security, Shenyang University, China.

Descriptions of new species

Megaselia cornipalpis, sp. nov. (Figs. 1–6)

Description. Male. Body length 1.9–2.1 mm.

Accepted by D. Bickel: 11 May 2015; published: 7 Aug. 2015 135 FIGURES1–6. Megaselia cornipalis sp. nov. (male). 1: Head; 2: Mesopleuron; 3: Fore leg; 4: Hind femur; 5: Wing; 6: Hypopygium.

Head (Fig. 1). Frons black, width about 0.3 mm, broader than long (1.4:1), with about 70 hairs and a distinct median furrow. Supra-antennal bristles equal or nearly so, the upper supra-antennals obviously further from each other than pre-ocellars. Antials very close to and nearly vertically below anterolaterals and slightly lower than upper supra-antennals. Pre-ocellars lower on frons than medio-laterals, and the four bristles in equal distance.

136 · Zootaxa 3999 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press LIU ET AL. Postpedicels black and without SPS vesicles. Arista obviously longer than frons width. Palps dark brown, but paler at tip. Palps cured, horn-like, which tips bending and tapering, with strong bristles. Thorax (Fig. 2). Thorax black, pleuron dark brown. Mesopleuron with hairs and a long birstle. Notopleuron with 3 bristles and no cleft. Scutellum with a posterior pair of bristles and an anterior pair of hairs. Legs (Figs. 3–4). Legs brown. Fore metatarsus stout, but not conspicuously dilated, which approximately same length as joins 2+3. Last tarsal segment of fore leg with a posterodorsal hair palisade. Dorsal hair palisade of mid tibia extends 0.7 of its length. Hairs long below basal half of hind femur and anteroventral row of outer half, but former is longer than latter. Hind tibia with strong posterodorsal hairs and without anterodorsal hairs. Wings (Fig. 5). Wings slightly pale, with brown veins. Costal index about 0.44. Costal ratios 4.1:2.1:1. Costal cilia about 0.11mm. Vein Sc fades away before reaching R1. Base of vein Rs bare. Axillary ridge with 4 bristles. Halteres black. Abdomen (Fig. 6). Abdominal tergites black, but venter paler. Tergites with sparse hairs, which bristle-like at sides of tergites 2–6 and hind margins of tergites 5–6. Tergites 2–6 subequal in length. Venter with fine hairs below on segments 3–4 and with bristle-like hairs on segments 5–6. Hypopygium dark brown, with yellowish brown anal tube. Each side of epandrium with uniform bristle-like hairs. Anal tube longer than length of dorsal edge of epandrium. Hairs at tip of anal tube and the longest hairs of cerci subequal. Female: Head and Thorax similar to male. Dorsal hair palisade of mid tibia extends 0.6 of its length. Costal index 0.46. Costal ratios 3.7: 1.8:1. Costal cilia 0.10mm. Axillary redge with 3 bristles. Abdomen black. Tergites and venter similar to male. Type material. Holotype: male, Mt. Qianshan, Liaoning Province, China, 8-VII-2004, Fang Hong. Paratypes: 5 males, 12 females, same data as holotype. Distribution. China (Liaoning). Etymology. The specific name refers to the horn-like palps. Remarks. In the key of Schmitz (1957) M. cornipalpis will run to M. indigesta Schmitz at couplet 15 of Group II. Both species with the following common characteristics: fore metatarsus not conspicuously dilated and costal section 1 longer than 2+3. The new species will be easily distinguished by the horn-like palps. In the key to British Megaselia (Disney 1989) this species runs to M. feshiensis Disney at couplet 126. It is distinguished from the latter by the left side of epandrium of M. cornipalpis with more than 10 bristles.

Megaselia lacunitarsalis, sp. nov. (Figs. 7–13)

Description. Male. Body length 2.2–2.5 mm. Head (Fig. 7). Frons black, width about 0.3 mm, broader than long (1.8:1), with about 40 hairs and a distinct median furrow. Lower supra-antennal bristles short, about 1/2–2/3 as long as upper pair and closer from each other than upper pairs. Pre-ocellars obviously farther from each other than upper supra-antennals. Antials closer to antero-laterals than to upper supra-antennal bristles and slightly lower than antero-laterals. Pre-ocellars lower on frons than medio-laterals, and the four bristles in equal distance. Postpedicels black and without SPS vesicles. Arista obviously longer than frons width. Palps slender, yellow and with strong bristles. Thorax (Fig. 8). Thorax black or dark brown. Mesopleuron with uniform hairs. Notopleuron with 3 bristles and no cleft. Scutellum with a posterior pair of bristles and an anterior pair of hairs. Legs (Figs. 9–11). Fore legs yellow or yellowish brown, the last tarsal segments dark brown. Middle and hind legs brown, hind femur darkened at tip. Fore metatarsus dilated, base of the ventral edge conspicuously narrowed. Fore-tarsal segments 2–5 wide and round, the last tarsal segment obviously wider and longer than segment 4. Dorsal hair palisade of mid tibia extends 0.5 of its length. Hairs below basal half of hind femur stout and densely crowded, slightly shorter than those of anteroventral row of outer half. Hind tibia with fine posterodorsal hairs and without anterodorsal hairs. Wings (Fig. 12). Wings slightly yellowish brown, with yellowish brown or brown veins. Costal index about

0.5. Costal ratios 2.6:1.9:1. Costal cilia 0.17–0.19mm. Vein Sc fades away before reaching R1. Base of vein Rs with

1 minute hair, which shorter than vein R2+3. Axillary ridge with 4 bristles. Halteres black or brown.

GENUS DOHRNIPHORA FROM CHINA Zootaxa 3999 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press · 137 Abdomen (Fig. 13). Abdominal tergites dark brown or black, but venter brown. Tergites with sparse hairs, which are longer and bristle-like at sides and hind margins of tergites 2–6. Tergites 2–6 subequal in length. Venter with fine hairs below on segments 3–6. Hypopygium dark brown, with yellowish brown anal tube. Each side of epandrium with some bristle-like hairs. Posterior lobes of hypandrium vestigial. Anal tube short, with fine hairs at tip which no longer than the longest hairs of cerci.

FIGURES 7–13. Megaselia lacunitarsalis sp. nov. (male). 7: Head; 8: Mesopleuron; 9: Fore leg; 10: Fore metatarsus; 11: Hind femur; 12: Wing; 13: Hypopygium.

138 · Zootaxa 3999 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press LIU ET AL. Female: unkown. Type material. Holotype: male, Mt. Changbai, Jilin Province, China, 2-VIII-2003, Fang Hong. Paratypes: 14 males, same data as holotype. Distribution. China (Jilin). Etymology. The specific name refers to the base of fore metatarsus with a conspicuous notch. Remarks. The new species could be easily distinguished from other species of Megaselia by the base of fore metatarsus with a conspicuous notch. In the key of Schmitz & Beyer (1965) M. lacunitarsalis will run to M. furva Schmitz at couplet 88 of Group IV. However, the latter with equal supra-antennal bristles and lower supra-antennal bristles vertically below upper pair. In the key to British Megaselia (Disney, 1989) this species runs to M. unguicularis (Wood) at couplet 126. Both species with short anal tube, but left side of epandrium of the latter with more than 10 bristles.

Megaselia trimacula, sp. nov. (Figs. 14–19)

Description. Male. Body length 2.0–2.2 mm. Head (Fig. 14). Frons black, width about 0.3 mm, broader than long (2.0:1), with about 30 hairs and a distinct median furrow. Lower supra-antennal bristles short, about 2/3 as long as upper pair. Pre-ocellars slightly further from each other than upper supra-antennals. Antials closer to antero-laterals than to upper supra-antennal bristles and slightly lower than antero-laterals. Pre-ocellars lower on frons than medio-laterals and with more closer to each other than either from the latter. Postpedicels black or dark brown and without SPS vesicles. Arista obviously longer than frons width. Palps yellow with strong bristles which are obviously longer than maximum width of palps. Thorax (Fig. 15). Thoracic dorsum black and flank dark brown. Mesopleuron with a few fine hairs. Notopleuron with 3 bristles and no cleft. Scutellum with a posterior pair of bristles and an anterior pair of hairs. Legs (Figs. 16–17). Legs brown, but fore legs paler. Hind femur darkened at tip. Fore metatarsus longer than joints 2+3. Dorsal hair palisade of mid tibia extends 0.6 of its length. Hairs short below basal half of hind femur and anteroventral row of outer half, but the latter is longer than the former. Hind tibia with strong posterodorsal hairs and without anterodorsal hairs. Wings (Fig. 18). Wings nearly hyaline, with yellowish brown veins. There is respective a long brownish spot on anterior margin above apex of M1 and M2 veins, and a nearly rounded brown patch between apex of M1 and M2 veins. Costal index about 0.42. Costal ratios 2.8:1.4:1. Costal cilia about 0.16 mm. Vein Sc runs to R1. Base of vein

Rs with 1 minute hair, which obviously shorter than vein R2+3. Axillary ridge with 4 bristles. Halteres black. Abdomen (Fig. 19). Abdominal tergites dark brown, but venter paler. Tergites with sparse hairs, which a little longer only at rear of tergite 6. Tergites 2–6 subequal in length. Venter with fine hairs below on segments 3–6. Hypopygium dark brown, with yellow anal tube. Each side of epandrium with bristle-like hairs. Hypopygium with differentiated sclerite [=epandrial ring (Brown 1992)], especially well developed ventrally, between epandrium and circi. Posterior lobes of hypandrium vestigial. Anal tube short, with bristle-like hairs at tip which significantly longer than hairs of cerci. Female: unkown. Type material. Holotype: male, Guozigou, Ili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China, 12-VIII-2004, Fang Hong. Paratypes: 3 males, same data as holotype. Distribution. China (Xinjiang). Etymology. The specific name refers to the three brownish spots on each wing. Remarks. In genus Megaselia, species of wings with pigmented spots are rare, and four species were recorded with wing spots: M. conglomerata (Malloch) from North America, M. dickoni Wakeford & Disney from tropical America (Wakeford & Disney 1994), M. maculifera Beyer from Africa (Beyer 1965), and M. chorogi Naumov from Georgia of Asia (Naumov 1979). The new species is different from them by the morphology of wing spots. In the key of Schmitz & Delage (1981) M. trimacula will run to M. criniticauda Colyer at couplet 36 of Group V. In the key to British Megaselia (Disney, 1989) this species runs to M. killarneyensis Disney at couplet 62. In the key of Borgmeier (1964) it will run to couplet 7 of Group V. The new species will be easily distinguished from the

GENUS DOHRNIPHORA FROM CHINA Zootaxa 3999 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press · 139 above species by the three brownish spots on each wing. If in Group IV of Borgmeier (1964), it will run to M. conglomerata (Malloch) at couplet 32. The latter differs from the new species not only by two apical spots on each wing, but also by long anal tube.

FIGURES 14–19. Megaselia trimacula sp. nov. (male). 14: Head; 15: Mesopleuron; 16: Fore leg; 17: Hind femur; 18: Wing; 19: Hypopygium.

Species of mesopleuron with hairs: 1. Megaselia aemula (Brues, 1911). Megaselia aemula: Liu, 1998b, P. 2297. Oriental: Guangxi. 2. Megaselia agnata Schmitz, 1926. Megaselia agnata: Liu, 1998b, P. 2295. Oriental: Guangxi. 3. Megaselia angustirostris Fang & Liu, 2009. Megaselia angustirostris: Fang, Hai & Liu, 2009, P. 135. Palaearctic: Gansu. 4. Megaselia claggi Brues, 1936. Megaselia claggi: Liu, 1998b, P. 2296. Oriental: Yunnan. 5. Megaselia cornipalpis sp. n. Palaearctic: Liaoning. 6. Megaselia dinacantha Borgmeier, 1966. Megaselia dinacantha: Liu, 1998b, P. 2298. Oriental: Yunnan 7. Megaselia divergens (Malloch, 1912). Megaselia divergens: Liu, 1998b, P. 2299. Palaearctic: Shaanxi. 8. Megaselia grisaria Schmitz, 1933. Megaselia grisaria: Schmitz, 1933, P. 3. Palaearctic: Gansu; Oriental: Sichuan. 9. Megaselia labialis Brues, 1936. Megaselia labialis: Liu, 1998b, P. 2296. Oriental: Jiangxi, Hainan. 10. Megaselia lacunitarsalis sp. n. Palaearctic: Jilin. 11. Megaselia malaisei Beyer, 1958. Megaselia malaisei: Liu, 1998b, P. 2298. Oriental: Guangdong. 12. Megaselia pennisetalis Fang & Liu, 2012. Megaselia pennisetalis: Fang & Liu, 2012, P. 321. Palaearctic: Inner Mongolia. 13. Megaselia pleuralis (Wood, 1909). Megaselia pleuralis: Liu, 1998a, P. 76. Palaearctic: Shaanxi. 14. Megaselia pusilla (Meigen, 1830). Megaselia pusilla: Schmitz, 1933, P. 5. Palaearctic: Gansu. 15. Megaselia setifurcana Liu, 2009. Megaselia setifurcana: Fang, Xia & Liu, 2009, P. 262. Oriental: Jiangxi. 16. Megaselia spiracularis Schmitz, 1938. Megaselia spiracularis: Liu, 1998a, P. 76. Palaearctic: Liaoning, Beijing, Shaanxi; Oriental: Guangdong. 17. Megaselia tarsocrassa Fang & Liu, 2012. Megaselia tarsocrassa: Fang & Liu, 2012, P. 322. Palaearctic:Liaoning. 18. Megaselia tibisetalis Fang, 2009. Megaselia tibisetalis: Fang, Xia & Liu, 2009, P. 261. Oriental: Jiangxi. 19. Megaselia trimacula sp. n. Palaearctic: Xinjiang. 20. Megaselia tritomegas Borgmeier, 1967. Megaselia tritomegas: Liu, 1998b, P. 2297. Oriental: Hainan. 21. Megaselia unicolor (Schmitz, 1919). Megaselia unicolor: Schmitz, 1933, P. 5. Palaearctic: Gansu. 22. Megaselia wuzhiensis Fang & Liu, 2005. Megaselia wuzhiensis: Fang & Liu, 2005a, P. 289. Oriental: Hainan.

Species of mesopleuron bare: 23. Megaselia albicaudata (Wood, 1910). Megaselia albicaudata: Fang, Hai & Liu, 2009, P.137. Palaearctic: Gansu, Ningxia. 24. Megaselia atrita (Brues, 1915). Megaselia atrita: Disney, Li & Li, 1995, P. 333. Oriental: Guangdong. — Liu, 1998a, P. 76. Oriental: Hainan. 25. Megaselia bisetalis Fang & Liu, 2005. Megaselia bisetalis: Fang & Liu, 2005b, P. 636. Oriental: Guangdong.

GENUS DOHRNIPHORA FROM CHINA Zootaxa 3999 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press · 141 26. Megaselia directa Brues, 1936. Megaselia directa: Liu, 1998b, P. 2299. Oriental: Yunnan 27. Megaselia meijerei (Brues, 1915). Megaselia meijerei: Liu, 1998a, P. 78. Oriental: Hainan. 28. Megaselia nigra (Meigen, 1830). Megaselia nigra: Fang, Hai & Liu, 2009, P. 136. Palaearctic: Xinjiang, Gansu. 29. Megaselia pedicellata (Brues, 1924). Megaselia pedicellata: Liu, 1998a, P. 78. Oriental: Hainan. 30. Megaselia picta (Lehmann, 1822). Megaselia picta: Liu, 1998a, P. 79. Oriental: Guangxi, Hainan, Yunnan. 31. Megaselia plurispinulosa (Zetterstedt, 1860). Megaselia plurispinulosa: Schmitz, 1933, P. 5. Palaearctic: Jiangsu. 32. Megaselia politifrons Brues, 1936. Megaselia politifrons: Liu, 1998b, P. 2300. Oriental: Yunnan. 33. Megaselia reversa Brues, 1936. Megaselia reversa: Liu, 1998b, P. 2300. Oriental: Hainan. 34. Megaselia scabra Schmitz, 1926. Megaselia scabra: Disney, Li & Li, 1995, P. 335. Oriental: Guangdong. 35. Megaselia scalaris (Loew, 1866). Megaselia scalaris: Liu, 1998a, P. 80. Oriental: Hainan. 36. Megaselia shiyiluae Disney, 1995. Megaselia shiyiluae: Disney, Li & Li, 1995, P. 335. Oriental: Guangdong.

Conclusion

The detailed citations of the species in the list, including the distribution of other countries and regions, can refer to relevant literature (Borgmeier 1968, 1971). We have collected plenty of specimens of genus Megaselia in mainland China. However, the identified species are limited. So a number of species can be expected to be reported from mainland China in the future.

Acknowledgement

This project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31071965, 31372245).

References

Beyer, E.M. (1965) Phoridae. Exploration Parc National Albert, Mission G. F. de Witte 1933–1935, 99, 1–211. Borgmeier, T. (1964) Revision of the North American Phorid flies. PartII. The species of the genus Megaselia, subgenus Aphiochaeta (Diptera, Phoridae). Studia Entomologica, 7 (1–4), 257–416. Borgmeier, T. (1968) A catalogue of the Phoridae of the World (Diptera, Phoridae). Studia Entomologica, 11 (1–4), 1–367. Borgmeier, T. (1971) Supplement to A catalouge of the Phoridae of the World (Diptera, Phoridae). Studia Entomologica, 14 (1– 4), 177–224. Brown, B.V. (1992) Generic revision of Phoridae of the Nearctic Region and phylogenetic classification of Phoridae, Sciadoceridae, and Ironomyiidae (Dipt: Phoridae). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 164, 1–144. Disney, R.H.L. (1983) Scuttle Flies—Diptera, Phoridae (except Megaselia). Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects, 10 (6), 1–81. Disney, R.H.L. (1989) Scuttle Flies—Diptera, Phoridae, Genus Megaselia. Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects, 10 (8), 1–155. Disney, R.H.L. (2001) The preservation of small Diptera. Entomologist`s Monthly magazine, 137, 155–159. Disney, R.H.L., Li, G. & Li, D. (1995) A new species and two records of Megaselia Rondani (Diptera, Phoridae) from Mainland China. Giornale Italiano di Entomologia, 7, 333–338. Fang, H., Hai, B. & Liu, G. (2009) A new species and two new records of Megaselia Rondani (Diptera, Phoridae) from China.

142 · Zootaxa 3999 (1) © 2015 Magnolia Press LIU ET AL. Entomotaxonomia, 31 (2), 135–139. Fang, H. & Liu, G. (2005a) A new species of genus Megaselia Rondani (Diptera, Phoridae) from Hainan, China. Entomotaxonomia, 27 (4), 289–291. Fang, H. & Liu, G. (2005b) A new species of genus Megaselia Rondani (Diptera, Phoridae) from Guangdong, China. Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 30 (3), 636–638. Fang, H. & Liu, G. (2012) Two new species of Megaselia Rondani (Diptera, Phoridae) from China. Entomotaxonomia, 34 (2), 320–324. Fang, H., Xia, F. & Liu, G. (2009) Two new species and one new record of Megaselia Rondani from China (Diptera, Phoridae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 34 (2), 261–264. Liu, G. (1998a) Phoridae. In: Xue, W. & Zhao, J. (Eds.), Flies of China. Vol. 1. Liaoning Science and Technology Press, Shenyang, pp. 60–90. [in Chinese] Liu, G. (1998b) Phoridae. In: Xue, W. & Zhao, J. (Eds.), Flies of China. Vol. 2. Liaoning Science and Technology Press, Shenyang, pp. 2293–2301. [in Chinese] Naumov, A.N. (1979) New species of Phoridae (Diptera) from the European part of the USSR and Middle Asia. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 58 (2), 417–420. [in Russian] Schmitz, H. (1933) Schwedisch-chinesische wissenschaftliche Expedition nach den nordwestlichen Provinzen Chinas, Insekten, Diptera, 8. Phorieae. Arkiv for Zoologi, 27B (2), 1–5. Schmitz, H. (1957) Phoridae, In: Lindner, E. (Ed.), Die Fliegen der Palaearktischen Region. Lief. 196. E. Schweizerbart’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart, pp. 417–464. [in German] Schmitz, H. & Beyer, E. (1965) Phoridae, In: Lindner, E. (Ed.), Die Fliegen der Palaearktischen Region. Lief. 258. E. Schweizerbart’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart, pp. 513–560. [in German] Schmitz, H. & Delage, A. (1981) Phoridae, In: Lindner, E. (Ed.), Die Fliegen der Palaearktischen Region. Lief. 325. E. Schweizerbart’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart, pp. 638–664. [in German] Wakeford, T. & Disney, R.H.L. (1994) A Cuban Megaselia species (Diptera, Phoridae) with wing-spots. Entomologica Scandinavica, 25, 227–230.