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Mormon All-Church Athletic Tournaments and Dance Festivals Jessie L. Embry Charles Redd Center for Western Studies Brigham Young University Provo, Utah

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Mormon All-Church Athletic Tournaments and Dance Festivals Jessie L. Embry Charles Redd Center for Western Studies Brigham Young University Provo, Utah Spiritualized Recreation Mormon All-Church Athletic Tournaments and Dance Festivals Jessie L. Embry Charles Redd Center for Western Studies Brigham Young University Provo, Utah –2008– ©2008, Brigham Young University Copyright © 2008 Brigham Young University All rights reserved This book, in full or in part, may be copied for educational and personal purposes only. Reproduction for distribution and commercial purposes is strictly prohibited. “The Mormon Church, though regional in extant and not to be counted among community resources over the greater part of the country, deserves to be mentioned for the very complete program it conducts for its youth. This is administered through a Young Men’s and a Young Women’s Mutual Improvement Association, serving 140,000 young people of all ages. There are 30,000 between the ages of 17 and 24 and an additional 8,400 from 25 to 35. The Mutual Improvement Associations are concerned with all aspects of the lives of their members. Much recreation and wholesome amusement is provided. There are indoor and outdoor sports of all kinds. Dramatics and public speaking are integral parts of local programs and there is a well-trained choral group of youth in each church. The attracting power of the church organization of this denomination is impressively demonstrated by the fact that 55 percent of their total membership is present at the weekly meetings. Mormon churches are real community centers, often well equipped for the purpose. The maintenance of so elaborate and beneficial a program for young people is in part made possible by the fact that Mormons practice tithing, a financing method that has been relinquished by most other denominations. However, the energy and forethought with which Mormons have provided for the recreational life and other experiences affecting the well being of their youth is a conspicuous example of what a church can do for its young people if determination is present.” C. Gilbert Wrenn and D. L. Harley, Time on their Hands: A Report of Leisure, Recreation and Young People (Washington, D.C.: American Council on Education, 1941), 140 Acknowledgments For several years I studied amateur baseball in Utah. While most sports historians have focused on the professional game, I discovered that town and semi-professional baseball played an important role in the state and in the nation’s history. I thought I was finished studying sports until Stanford Layton, former editor of the Utah Historical Quarterly commented in Red Stockings and Out-of-Towners: Utah Sports, that no one had researched Utah basketball history.1 I took that as a challenge, but I came up with a different project from what I envisioned. As I did preliminary research, I stumbled across information on LDS Church basketball, most notably the all-church tournaments. I sent out a press release to gather stories; that was followed up by an article and a picture of me in the Deseret News and the Church News.2 The response to my request for information was overwhelming. I received a few letters, occasional telephone calls, and hundreds of e-mails. People wanted to tell me about their experiences in church sports on all levels and in all sports. Since then I have added other Young Men and Young Women Mutual Improvement Association recreation. My work expands the time period and the areas of study that Richard Kimball started with his dissertation (since published by the University of Illinois Press).3 Spiritualized Recreation is based on oral history interviews conducted for the Charles Redd Center for Western Studies. Brian Q. Cannon, the center’s director during the time of this study, supported the idea of an oral history project on this topic. Kris Nelson, the center’s secretary, helped complete the final transcripts. They also read an early book manuscript and offered valuable suggestions. Richard Kimball and Larry Gerlach read an early version as peer reviewers. While I did not follow all their suggestions, their comments forced me to look more carefully at what I wanted to do with this study. Brian Cannon then reread the manuscript to sign off on the corrections. Acknowledgments vi The study also benefitted by careful reading by my thoughtful and wise sister Janet Embry and an excellent editor, former student, and friend Heather Seferovich. Another friend Claudia Shelton added her proofreading skills. Casey Glifford and Jason Edward Thompson also read through the manuscript and found embarrassing errors. Jason Thompson was very helpful in doing all the technology things to put the book on the internet. Brigham Young University students conducted nearly all the oral history interviews in the Charles Redd Center for Western Studies LDS Sports and Receation Oral History Project. I am grateful for their efforts. They discovered that scheduling interviews into their busy student schedules was not always easy, so some completed more interviews than others. These students included (listed in the order that they were hired): Justin Flake, Jenny Harris, Michael Cannon, Gary Huntington, Susan Wheelwright, Matthew Swenson, Ben Sandel, Erin Hutchings, Valerie Davis, Lisa Christensen, James Dalrymple, and Casey Schenk. In addition to these Redd Center employees, students in my two sports history classes added interviews and information. The first class was on sports history in general. The class members were awesome. The students shared their feelings about the role of athletics in their lives and completed interviews about LDS sports. The class included a BYU football and soccer player. All the class members had participated in various sports on different levels and added to the discussions. I learned more from the class than I taught. Class members included Micah Alba, Bryan Bush, Krissa Campbell, Darin Childers, Esther Harris, Lawrance Nai, Heidi Rose, Aaron Smith, Brian Springer, Jeff Swift, and Fred Washburn. I thank the BYU History Department and Honors Program for sponsoring the class. The second class was on LDS sports and recreation. The students read Richard Kimball’s Acknowledgments vii book and very early drafts of Spiritualized Recreation. They also conducted individual research on LDS sports and recreation that provided valuable research material. The students included Sunny Ashton, Tyler Dunn, Brant Ellsworth, Kacy Cutts Hastings, Ryan Hastings, Timothy Johnson, Daniel Nielson, Jared Smith, and Adam Stewart. I especially thank Sunny for her research on LDS women’s sports, Brant for his paper on the San Antonio Temple dedication program, and Kacy and Ryan for their work on regional softball.. The students in an American Studies 200 class during Winter Semester 2007 also shared their experiences with Mormon sports. These included Rachel Atkin, John Brumbaugh, Cynthia Clark, Sarah Goaslind, Sara Manning, Jake Davis, Joseph Hinckley, and Liesl Christensen. Clark asked her sons, sons–Andrew, Steve, and Jesse, to email about their experiences. This book would not have been possible though without the more than one hundred men and women who agreed to be interviewed. Their willingness to share their memories made this study possible and will be valuable for other scholars who read the transcripts in the L. Tom Perry Special Collections, Harold B. Lee Library, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah. 1. Stanford Layton, ed. Red Stockings and Out-of-Towners: Utah Sports (Salt Lake City: Signature Books, 2003), 2. Deseret News, May 28, 2003; Church News, June 21, 2003; http://www.deseretnews.com, retrieved January 15, 2008. 3. Richard Ian Kimball, To Make True Latter-day Saints: Mormon Recreation in the Progressive Era (Provo, Utah: Joseph Fielding Smith Institute for LDS Church History, 2000); Richard Ian Kimball, Sports in Zion: Mormon Recreation, 1890-1940 (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2003). Book Overview Spiritualized Recreation: Mormon All-Church Athletic Tournaments and Dance Festivals surveys sports and recreational activities in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS or Mormon). It includes an introduction of the role of recreation in religious activities, an overview of activities in the LDS Church, and chapters on specific programs including basketball, softball, volleyball, tennis, golf, relay races, and dance with a special focus on the 1950s and 1960s. While the all-church athletic tournaments and dance festivals ended in 1971-1972, programs continued on a smaller scale. The final chapter explores the reasons for the change and for an increased interest since 2004. There is no charge for accessing or downloading copies of this manuscript. Bound paper copies can be ordered from the Redd Center, 366 SWKT, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, [email protected], 801-422-4048 at cost. A major research tool was the Charles Redd Center for Western Studies LDS Sports and Recreation Oral History Project. The Redd Center is a research center at Brigham Young University. Transcripts of the oral history are available through the L. Tom Perry Special Collections, Harold B. Lee Library, Brigham Young University. Chapter 1 Religion, Sports, and Recreation The first chapter looks at the role that sports and recreation have played in religion over the centuries. It explains that many cultures saw these activities as a part of worship. While most Christian churches do not directly connect sports and religion, they use games to provide fellowship, missionary work, and reactivation. Play can even be part of the Protestant work ethic. The Roman Catholic Church and the Community of Christ (formerly the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints) provide examples of ways churches use sports and recreation. Book Overview x Chapter 2 Sports and Recreation in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints The second chapter looks at the history of sports and recreation in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. It surveys how church presidents from the beginning felt about the importance of recreation. It highlights the development of the program in the Mutual Improvement Association (MIA), an organization for teenagers.
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