DOCSLIB.ORG

Early and Middle Frasnian Brachiopod Faunas and Turnover on the South China Shelf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Early and Middle Frasnian Brachiopod Faunas and Turnover on the South China Shelf Early and Middle Frasnian brachiopod faunas and turnover on the South China shelf XUE−PING MA, RALPH THOMAS BECKER, HUA LI, and YUAN−YUAN SUN Ma, X.−P., Becker, R.T., Li, H., and Sun, Y.−Y. 2006. Early and Middle Frasnian brachiopod faunas and turnover on the South China shelf. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 51 (4): 789–812. The first appearance of the brachiopod Cyrtospirifer and related forms in the Late Devonian of South China significantly postdates the beginning of the Frasnian and the entry of the group in other parts of the world. Scattered data from different sections suggest that its first entry, associated with the emergence of other plicate spiriferids, such as theodossid and conispiriferid brachiopods, was late in the Middle Frasnian. At the same time, many rhynchonellids disappeared or be− came extinct locally in South China. This brachiopod faunal overturn near the Palmatolepis punctata–Early Pa. hassi zonal boundary is the most significant event in the Early–Middle Frasnian of South China, characterized by about a 35% loss of existing species and the flourishing of the plicate spiriferids, which was coeval with the end of a major biogeochemical perturbation recently recognized in the Pa. punctata Zone. By contrast, atrypid brachiopods do not seem to show any significant diversity change. The brachiopod faunal change was probably related to a (local?) transgressive event in South China, which also brought new pelagic faunas northwards into some intra−shelf deeper water areas, such as the Shetianqiao area in central Hunan Province. Fifteen brachiopod species are described and illustrated, which include some taxa that are first recorded or recognized in South China, e.g., the spiriferid Pyramidaspirifer, which is now known from both North America and South China. One new species, Desquamatia qiziqiaoensis, is erected. Key words: Brachiopoda, Cyrtospirifer, faunal turnover, Frasnian, Devonian, South China. Xue−Ping Ma [[email protected]], Hua Li [[email protected]], and Yuan−Yuan Sun [[email protected]], The Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution, Department of Geology, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China; Ralph Thomas Becker [rbecker@uni−muenster.de], Geologisch−Paläontologisches Institut und Museum, Westfälische Wilhelms−Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 24, D−48149 Münster, Germany. Introduction and Sandberg 1990). This period covers zones 4–8 in the more detailed, globally applicable Montagne Noire (MN) conodont The Devonian was a period with evolutionary innovations, zonation of Klapper (1989). There have been already some re− for example, the flourishing of vascular plants, and emer− gional studies that reported various sedimentological, geo− gence of amphibians on land. Invertebrates also experienced chemical, and pelagic faunal signatures from that interval: major extinctions, for example the Frasnian–Famennian Becker et al. (1993) from Western Australia, House and Kirch− mass extinction (e.g., Racki and House 2002; Baliński et al. gasser (1993) from New York State, Morrow et al. (1998) from 2002; Racki 2005). In addition, many smaller−scale events or Nevada, House et al. (2000) from Timan, northern Russia, extinctions have been recognized (e.g., House 2002). Late Becker and House (2000) from Tafilalt, SE Morocco, Becker Devonian pelagic goniatite stratigraphy and event succes− (2002) from Boulonnais, northern France, Becker et al. (2004) sion have been summarized by Becker et al. (1993), Walliser from Dra Valley, SW Morocco, and Racki et al. (2004) from the (1996), and House (2002), and tied to transgressive episodes, Holy Cross Mountains, Poland. Currently a Timan Event in periods of hypoxia and deposition of black muds in specific MN Zone 4 (Pa. transitans Zone), a Middlesex Event or basal basins. The International Subcommission on Devonian Stra− Domanik Transgression at the base of MN Zone 5 (basal Pa. tigraphy (SDS) has proposed to place the base of a formal punctata Zone), and two pulses of the Lower Rhinestreet Event Middle Frasnian substage at the base of the MN 5 or Pal− around the boundary between MN zones 6–7 (around the base matolepis punctata Zone and this definition is adopted in this of the Palmatolepis hassi Zone) are recognized in widely sepa− paper (see Ziegler and Sandberg 2001 for example). rated basins. In addition, the Middle Frasnian “punctata event” Applying a lag−time multiple impacts hypothesis to the of Yans et al. (in press) (= Pa. punctata Event) corresponding Frasnian–Famennian mass extinction, McGhee (2001) sug− to a carbon isotopic perturbation, which has also been recog− gested that future searches for evidence of impact events in the nized in various continents including South China. Late Devonian should be concentrated in strata that occur in This paper deals with faunal response during the Early the Frasnian Palmatolepis transitans to Early Pa. hassi zonal and Middle Frasnian interval and reports brachiopod taxon− interval of the so−called standard conodont zonation (Ziegler omy and distribution from South China. Acta Palaeontol. Pol. 51 (4): 789–812, 2006 http://app.pan.pl/acta51/app51−xxx.pdf 790 ACTA PALAEONTOLOGICA POLONICA 51 (4), 2006 Fig. 1. Geographic map of China (A) and locations of the stratigraphic sections () investigated in this study (B). The Devonian of South China is well developed, with nas is a crucial question in this study. Therefore we first dis− sediments of various settings, and with relatively well pre− cuss the stratigraphy of the studied sections. served neritic and pelagic faunas (e.g., Hou and Wang 1988). The Early Frasnian Tuqiaozi Interval and its equiva− Some important studies that included Late Devonian brachi− lents.—Traditionally, the Middle–Late Devonian boundary opod faunas are those of, e.g., Grabau (1931), Tien (1938), in shallow water facies in South China has been defined by Wang (1956), Chen (1983, 1984), Hou (1988). Recently, a the disappearance of Stringocephalus and the appearance of series of papers have concentrated on material from across Cyrtospirifer. However, it has also been long recognized that the Frasnian–Famennian boundary, e.g., Ma et al. (2002), there is an interval between the levels of the last Stringo− Ma and Day (2003), and Ma et al. (2005). However, system− cephalus and the first Cyrtospirifer, e.g., as represented by atic studies of Early and Middle Frasnian brachiopod faunas the Hejiazhai Member in the Dushan section of Guizhou are still rare (see Chen 1983, 1984; Hou 1988), which deal Province (Liao et al. 1978), and the Tuqiaozi Formation (in with abundant material from the Longmenshan section of the sense of Chen 1984) in the Longmenshan section of Sichuan Province. This material collected from several other Sichuan Province. This interregnum, the Stringocephalus– important areas, including the Panxi section of Yunnan Prov− Cyrtospirifer interval Zone of Ji (1989: 307), is here termed ince, Dushan section of Guizhou Province, Caiziyan section the Tuqiaozi Interval for simplicity, and can be used for the of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, and Qiziqiao sec− same time interval in other sections. It has been considered to tion of Hunan Province (Fig. 1). be Early Frasnian in age by most workers, e.g., in Liao’s (1977) work on rugose coral faunas from the Dushan section Institutional abbreviation.—PUM, the Geological Museum and in Chen’s work (1984) on brachiopod faunas from the of Peking University. Longmenshan section. Conodont data in Hou (1988: 28–31) Other abbreviations.—DS, Dushan section of Guizhou Pro− suggest that the Tuqiaozi Formation (in the sense of Chen vince, China; GC, Caiziyan section in the vicinity of Guilin, 1984, which is different from the definition of Hou 1988 who China; PY, Panxi section of Yunnan Province, China; QZQ, puts the base about 84 m upwards and the top about 20 m up− Qiziqiao section of Hunan Province, China (see Fig. 1 for wards) can roughly be correlated with the earliest Frasnian section locations); MN, Montagne Noire conodont zones of (MN Zone 1) to early part of the Middle Frasnian (MN zones Klapper (1989). 5–6). As pointed out by Xiong et al. (1988: 39), the exact age of the topmost Tuqiaozi Formation in terms of conodont zonation cannot be determined because of the absence of Palmatolepis, and other index fossils. The early part of the Stratigraphy Tuqiaozi Formation (Beds 2–9 of Chen 1984, approximately equal to the upper 20 m of Bed 126 and bed 127 of Hou 1988) One of the major problems in the stratigraphic study of shelly yielded Ancyrodella binodosa, A. rotundiloba, A. rugosa, A. facies in South China is more accurate correlation with the pramosica, Mesotaxis ovalis, M. asymmetrica, and Play− “standard” faunal zones established chiefly based on pelagic fordia primitiva. This suggests the presence of MN zones conodonts and goniatites. The precise age of brachiopod fau− 1–4 (Frasnian part of early M. falsiovalis Zone to lower part MA ET AL.—FRASNIAN BRACHIOPODS FROM SOUTH CHINA SHELF 791 Fig. 2. Stratigraphy and distribution of Early and Middle Frasnian brachiopods in South China. Most but not all known brachiopods are described and illus− trated in this paper. For the distribution of atrypids in the Dushan section, for example, see Ma et al. (2005). The stratigraphy of Panxi and the occurrence of Cyrtospirifer sp. are based on Yunnan compiling group (1978) and the occurrence of Stringocephalus in the lower part of the Yidade Formation is as in Xian et al. (1988: 148). The stratigraphy of Dushan and the occurrence of Stringocephalus sp. are as in Liao et al. (1979); the Caiziyan section was re−measured by Long−Ming Wei, Xue−Ping Ma, and Hua Li (personal communication 2005), with coral identifications by Wei−Hua Liao. The stratigraphy of Qiziqiao is based on data of Z.−X. Hu and Z.−Q. Deng in Tan et al. (1987), and the occurrence of Yunnanella sp. is based on Zu−Han Liu (personal communication 2001).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Strophomenide and Orthotetide Silurian Brachiopods from the Baltic Region, with Particular Reference to Lithuanian Boreholes
    Strophomenide and orthotetide Silurian brachiopods from the Baltic region, with particular reference to Lithuanian boreholes PETRAS MUSTEIKIS and L. ROBIN M. COCKS Musteikis, P. and Cocks, L.R.M. 2004. Strophomenide and orthotetide Silurian brachiopods from the Baltic region, with particular reference to Lithuanian boreholes. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 49 (3): 455–482. Epeiric seas covered the east and west parts of the old craton of Baltica in the Silurian and brachiopods formed a major part of the benthic macrofauna throughout Silurian times (Llandovery to Pridoli). The orders Strophomenida and Orthotetida are conspicuous components of the brachiopod fauna, and thus the genera and species of the superfamilies Plec− tambonitoidea, Strophomenoidea, and Chilidiopsoidea, which occur in the Silurian of Baltica are reviewed and reidentified in turn, and their individual distributions are assessed within the numerous boreholes of the East Baltic, particularly Lithua− nia, and attributed to benthic assemblages. The commonest plectambonitoids are Eoplectodonta(Eoplectodonta)(6spe− cies), Leangella (2 species), and Jonesea (2 species); rarer forms include Aegiria and Eoplectodonta (Ygerodiscus), for which the new species E. (Y.) bella is erected from the Lithuanian Wenlock. Eight strophomenoid families occur; the rare Leptaenoideidae only in Gotland (Leptaenoidea, Liljevallia). Strophomenidae are represented by Katastrophomena (4 spe− cies), and Pentlandina (2 species); Bellimurina (Cyphomenoidea) is only from Oslo and Gotland. Rafinesquinidae include widespread Leptaena (at least 11 species) and Lepidoleptaena (2 species) with Scamnomena and Crassitestella known only from Gotland and Oslo. In the Amphistrophiidae Amphistrophia is widespread, and Eoamphistrophia, Eocymostrophia, and Mesodouvillina are rare. In the Leptostrophiidae Mesoleptostrophia, Brachyprion,andProtomegastrophia are com− mon, but Eomegastrophia, Eostropheodonta, Erinostrophia,andPalaeoleptostrophia are only recorded from the west in the Baltica Silurian.
    [Show full text]
  • Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology
    PART H, Revised BRACHIOPODA VOLUMES 2 & 3: Linguliformea, Craniiformea, and Rhynchonelliformea (part) ALWYN WILLIAMS, S. J. CARLSON, C. H. C. BRUNTON, L. E. HOLMER, L. E. POPOV, MICHAL MERGL, J. R. LAURIE, M. G. BASSETT, L. R. M. COCKS, RONG JIA-YU, S. S. LAZAREV, R. E. GRANT, P. R. RACHEBOEUF, JIN YU-GAN, B. R. WARDLAW, D. A. T. HARPER, A. D. WRIGHT, and MADIS RUBEL CONTENTS INFORMATION ON TREATISE VOLUMES ...................................................................................... x EDITORIAL PREFACE .............................................................................................................. xi STRATIGRAPHIC DIVISIONS .................................................................................................. xxiv COORDINATING AUTHOR'S PREFACE (Alwyn Williams) ........................................................ xxv BRACHIOPOD CLASSIFICATION (Alwyn Williams, Sandra J. Carlson, and C. Howard C. Brunton) .................................. 1 Historical Review .............................................................................................................. 1 Basis for Classification ....................................................................................................... 5 Methods.......................................................................................................................... 5 Genealogies ....................................................................................................................... 6 Recent Brachiopods .......................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Givetian Brachiopods from the Trois-Fontaines Formation (Belgium, Dinant Synclinorium)
    bulletin de l'institut royal des sciences naturelles de belgique sciences de la terre, 75: 5-23, 2005 bulletin van het koninklijk belgisch instituut voor natuurwetenschappen aardwetenschappen, 75: 5-23, 2005 Givetian brachiopods from the Trois-Fontaines Formation at Marenne (Belgium, Dinant Synclinorium) by Jacques GODEFROID & Bernard MOTTEQUIN Godefroid, J. & Mottequin. B„ 2005. — Givetian brachiopods from sisting of five units (thickness of these units from the base the Trois-Fontaines Formation at Marenne (Belgium, Dinant Syncli¬ to the norium). Bulletin de l'Institut royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgi¬ top: 26 m, 11 m, 23 m, 3.2 m, 23 m) (Fig. 3). The que, Sciences de la Terre, 75: 5-23, 2 pis., 9 figs., 4 tables, Bruxelles- brachiopods described herein have been collected Brussel, March 31, 2005 - ISSN 0374-6291. in the dark, well-bedded and bioclastic limestones with silty and crinoidal levels (unit 1), in the fine, dark co- loured, well-bedded limestones (unit 3) and in the crinoi¬ Abstract dal limestones rich in Scoliopora (unit 4). In units 1 and 3, although some beds are very rich in The brachiopods sampled from the Trois-Fontaines Formation in the brachiopods (some of them very large), it is difficult to Marenne quarry are mainly represented by two species: Spinatrypina sample well-preserved material and present the complete (Spinatrypina) fontis n. sp. and Eifyris socia n. sp. Orthid, rhyncho- inventory of the fauna. On the other hand, in unit 4, nellid, spiriferid and terebratulid brachiopods are also present but much rarer. Among them a new species, Bornhardtina equitis n.
    [Show full text]
  • Biodiversity, Distribution and Patterns of Extinction of the Last Odontopleuroid Trilobites During the Devonian (Givetian, Frasnian)
    Geol. Mag. 144 (5), 2007, pp. 777–796. c 2007 Cambridge University Press 777 doi:10.1017/S0016756807003779 First published online 13 August 2007 Printed in the United Kingdom Biodiversity, distribution and patterns of extinction of the last odontopleuroid trilobites during the Devonian (Givetian, Frasnian) ∗ RAIMUND FEIST & KENNETH J. MCNAMARA† ∗Laboratoire de Paleontologie,´ Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution, Universite´ Montpellier II, Cc 062, Place E. Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France †Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, UK (Received 18 September 2006; accepted 22 February 2007) Abstract – Biostratigraphical ranges and palaeogeographical distribution of mid-Givetian to end- Frasnian odontopleurids are investigated. The discovery of Leonaspis rhenohercynica sp. nov. in mid-Givetian strata extends this genus unexpectedly up to the late Middle Devonian. New material of Radiaspis radiata (Goldfuss, 1843) and the first koneprusiine in Britain, Koneprusia? sp., are described from the famous Lummaton shell-bed, Torquay, Devon. New taxa of Koneprusia, K. serrensis, K. aboussalamae, K. brevispina,andK. sp. A and K. sp. B are defined. Ceratocephala (Leonaspis) harborti Richter & Richter, 1926, is revised and reassigned to Gondwanaspis Feist, 2002. Two new species of Gondwanaspis, G. dracula and G. spinosa, plus three others left in open nomenclature, are described from the late Frasnian of Western Australia. A further species of Gondwanaspis, G. prisca, is described from the early Frasnian of Montagne Noire. Species of Gondwanaspis are shown to possess a number of paedomorphic features. A functional analysis suggests that, unlike other odontopleurids, Gondwanaspis actively fed and rested with the same cephalic orientation. The sole odontopleurid survivors of the severe terminal mid-Givetian biocrisis (‘Taghanic Event’) belong to the koneprusiine Koneprusia in the late Givetian and Frasnian, and, of cryptogenic origin, the acidaspidine Gondwanaspis in the Frasnian.
    [Show full text]
  • UC Davis UC Davis Previously Published Works
    UC Davis UC Davis Previously Published Works Title Phylogenetic signal in extinction selectivity in Devonian terebratulide brachiopods Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1ts4n5h0 Journal Paleobiology, 40(4) ISSN 0094-8373 Authors Harnik, PG Fitzgerald, PC Payne, JL et al. Publication Date 2014 DOI 10.1666/14006 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Phylogenetic signal in extinction selectivity in Devonian terebratulide brachiopods Author(s): Paul G. Harnik, Paul C. Fitzgerald, Jonathan L. Payne, and Sandra J. Carlson Source: Paleobiology, 40(4):675-692. 2014. Published By: The Paleontological Society DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/14006 URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.1666/14006 BioOne (www.bioone.org) is a nonprofit, online aggregation of core research in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences. BioOne provides a sustainable online platform for over 170 journals and books published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Web site, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/page/ terms_of_use. Usage of BioOne content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non-commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. Paleobiology, 40(4), 2014, pp. 675–692 DOI: 10.1666/14006 Phylogenetic signal in extinction selectivity in Devonian terebratulide brachiopods Paul G.
    [Show full text]
  • Playford P.E. and Lowry D.C. 1966: Devonian Reef Complexes of the Canning Basin, Western Australia
    Playford P.E. and Lowry D.C. 1966: Devonian reef complexes of the Canning Basin, Western Australia. Geol. Survey W.A. Bull 118, 150 p. SUMMARY A series of Middle and Upper Devonian reef complexes is well exposed in rough limestone ranges extending for about 180 miles along the northern margin of the Canning Basin in the Kimberley District of Western Australia. They occur in a structural subdivision of the basin named the Lennard Shelf. Four basic facies are recognized in the reef complexes - the reef, back-reef, fore-reef, and inter-reef facies. The reef and back-reef facies together make up limestone platforms which, in Devonian times, stood some tens to hundreds of feet above the floor of the surrounding inter-reef basins. They can be compared with the present-day platforms of the Bahama Banks and associated limestone bank areas of Florida, Cuba, and the Gulf of Mexico. The reef facies occurs as a narrow rim (which may be discontinuous) around each platform. The platforms are flanked by fore-reef talus deposits having steep depositional dips, and these interfinger with the surrounding inter-reef deposits. The reefs are described as atolls, fringing reefs, and barrier reefs, and the platforms cover areas ranging from a few acres to hundreds of square miles. The maximum thickness of the reef complexes may exceed 3,000 feet. The reef complexes grew on a basement of Precambrian granitic and metamorphic rocks, except the Emanuel Range reef complex, which grew partly at least on Ordovician sediments. The reef complexes developed around islands and promontories in the basement rocks and along the Devonian mainland shore.
    [Show full text]
  • 1443 Jansen.Vp
    Strophomenid brachiopods from the Rhenish Lower Devonian (Germany) ULRICH JANSEN Early Devonian Strophomenida (Brachiopoda) from the Rhenish Slate Mountains (Germany) are described. Three gen- era are introduced as new: Gigastropheodonta [type species: Leptaena (Strophomena) gigas McCoy, 1852], Rheno- stropheodonta (type species: R. rhenana gen. nov. et sp. nov.) and Gibbodouvillina (type species: Strophomena taeniolata G. & F. Sandberger, 1856). The diagnosis of the poorly known genus Boucotstrophia Jahnke, 1981 (type spe- cies: Stropheodonta herculea Drevermann, 1904) is revised. These and several further taxa are briefly discussed with re- gard to phylogenetic relationships, palaeobiogeographical implications, palaeobiological aspects and stratigraphical sig- nificance. • Key words: Brachiopoda, Strophomenida, Devonian, Rhenish Slate Mountains, taxonomy, biostratigraphy, palaeobiology, palaeobiogeography. JANSEN, U. 2014. Strophomenid brachiopods from the Rhenish Lower Devonian (Germany). Bulletin of Geosciences 89(1), 113–136 (7 figures, 1 table). Czech Geological Survey, Prague, ISSN XXX. Manuscript received April 22, 2013, accepted in revised form July 19, 2013, published online December 17, 2013; issued January 21, 2014. Ulrich Jansen, Senckenberg Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum, Paläozoologie III, Senckenberganlage 25, D-60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; [email protected] The Early Devonian Strophomenida from the Rhenish tion which ventral and dorsal valves belong to the same Slate Mountains (Rheinisches Schiefergebirge, Ger- species was not easy to answer in some cases. With regard many) have been paid little attention to since the classical to the genus Boucotstrophia Jahnke, 1981, common in the works of d’Archiac & de Verneuil (1842), G. & F. Sand- Seifen fauna, the author has come to the conclusion that its berger (1856) or Drevermann (1902, 1904). A few taxa type species B.
    [Show full text]
  • TREATISE on INVERTEBRATE Paleontology BRACHIOPODA
    TREA T ISE ON INVER T EBRA T E PALEON T OLOGY Part H BRACHIO P ODA Revised Volume 6: Supplement ALWYN WILLIA ms , C. H. C. BRUNTON , and S. J. CARL S ON with FERNANDO ALVAREZ , A. D. AN S ELL , P. G. BA K ER , M. G. BA ss ETT , R. B. BLOD G ETT , A. J. BOUCOT , J. L. CARTER , L. R. M. COC ks , B. L. CO H EN , PAUL CO pp ER , G. B. CURRY , MA gg IE CU S AC K , A. S. DA G Y S , C. C. EM I G , A. B. GAWT H RO P , RÉ M Y GOURVENNEC , R. E. GRANT , D. A. T. HAR P ER , L. E. HOL M ER , HOU HON G -FEI , M. A. JA M E S , JIN YU-G AN , J. G. JO H N S ON , J. R. LAURIE , STANI S LAV LAZAREV , D. E. LEE , CAR S TEN LÜTER , SARA H MAC K AY , D. I. MAC KINNON , M. O. MANCEÑIDO , MIC H AL MER G L , E. F. OWEN , L. S. PEC K , L. E. PO P OV , P. R. RAC H E B OEUF , M. C. RH ODE S , J. R. RIC H ARD S ON , RON G JIA -YU , MADI S RU B EL , N. M. SAVA G E , T. N. SM IRNOVA , SUN DON G -LI , DERE K WALTON , BRUCE WARDLAW , and A. D. WRI gh T Prepared under Sponsorship of The Geological Society of America, Inc. The Paleontological Society SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology) The Palaeontographical Society The Palaeontological Association RAY M OND C.
    [Show full text]
  • Did the Amalgamation of Continents Drive the End Ordovician Mass Extinctions?
    Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 311 (2011) 48–62 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/palaeo Did the amalgamation of continents drive the end Ordovician mass extinctions? Christian M.Ø. Rasmussen a,b,⁎, David A.T. Harper b,c,1 a Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5–7, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark b Nordic Center for Earth Evolution (NordCEE), Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5–7, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark c Geological Museum, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5–7, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark article info abstract Article history: Global biodiversity has been punctuated throughout the Phanerozoic by extinction events that vary in their Received 27 January 2011 degree of intensity and devastation. The mass extinction event that occurred at the end of the Ordovician Received in revised form 11 July 2011 Period rapidly removed a wide range of species. Because taxonomic loss occurred during an ice age, this is Accepted 28 July 2011 believed to have initiated the extinctions and thus, these extinctions have often been viewed as a deep time Available online 5 August 2011 analogue to the loss in species diversity during the present day glacial interval. The current study, however, indicates that temperature – though arguably being a trigger – was not the sole reason for the crisis. Based on Keywords: fi Ordovician a large, bibliographic database of rhynchonelliform brachiopods that speci cally operates within very narrow Silurian time-slices where every locality has been precisely georeferenced for the Upper Ordovician–Lower Silurian Brachiopods interval, we show that the extinctions were not uniformly distributed, nor was the succeeding recovery.
    [Show full text]
  • Ordovician Rafinesquinine Brachiopods from Peri-Gondwana
    Ordovician rafinesquinine brachiopods from peri-Gondwana JORGE COLMENAR Colmenar, J. 2016. Ordovician rafinesquinine brachiopods from peri-Gondwana. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 61 (2): 293–326. The study of the strophomenide brachiopods of the subfamily Rafinesquininae present in the main Upper Ordovician sections, representing the Mediterranean margin of Gondwana, has revealed an increase in diversity of the group at the re- gion during that time. The studied collections are from the Moroccan Anti-Atlas, the Iberian and the Armorican massifs, the Iberian Chains, Pyrenees, Montagne Noire, Sardinia, and Bohemia. Two genera of the subfamily Rafinesquininae have been recorded. Of them, the cosmopolitan Rafinesquina is the only one previously reported from the region and Kjaerina is found for the first time outside Avalonia, Baltica, and Laurentia. Additionally, two new subgenera have been described, Kjaerina (Villasina) and Rafinesquina (Mesogeina). Furthermore, the new species Rafinesquina (Mesogeina) gabianensis, Rafinesquina (Mesogeina) loredensis, Kjaerina (Kjaerina) gondwanensis, Kjaerina (Villasina) pedro- naensis, Kjaerina (Villasina) pyrenaica, and Kjaerina (Villasina) meloui have been described. In addition, other spe- cies of these genera previously known from isolated localities in the region, such as Rafinesquina pseudoloricata, Rafinesquina pomoides, and Hedstroemina almadenensis are revised and their geographic range expanded. The adaptive radiation experienced by the rafinesquinines at the Mediterranean region during middle to late Katian, was probably related to changes in the regime of sedimentation and water temperature caused by the global warming Boda event. Key words: Strophomenoidea, palaeobiogeography, adaptive radiation, Ordovician, Katian, Boda event, Gondwana, Mediterranean region. Jorge Colmenar [[email protected]], Área de Paleontología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra, Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, E-50009, Zaragoza, Spain.
    [Show full text]
  • Permophiles International Commission on Stratigraphy
    Permophiles International Commission on Stratigraphy Newsletter of the Subcommission on Permian Stratigraphy Number 66 Supplement 1 ISSN 1684 – 5927 August 2018 Permophiles Issue #66 Supplement 1 8th INTERNATIONAL BRACHIOPOD CONGRESS Brachiopods in a changing planet: from the past to the future Milano 11-14 September 2018 GENERAL CHAIRS Lucia Angiolini, Università di Milano, Italy Renato Posenato, Università di Ferrara, Italy ORGANIZING COMMITTEE Chair: Gaia Crippa, Università di Milano, Italy Valentina Brandolese, Università di Ferrara, Italy Claudio Garbelli, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, China Daniela Henkel, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Germany Marco Romanin, Polish Academy of Science, Warsaw, Poland Facheng Ye, Università di Milano, Italy SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE Fernando Álvarez Martínez, Universidad de Oviedo, Spain Lucia Angiolini, Università di Milano, Italy Uwe Brand, Brock University, Canada Sandra J. Carlson, University of California, Davis, United States Maggie Cusack, University of Stirling, United Kingdom Anton Eisenhauer, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Germany David A.T. Harper, Durham University, United Kingdom Lars Holmer, Uppsala University, Sweden Fernando Garcia Joral, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain Carsten Lüter, Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin, Germany Alberto Pérez-Huerta, University of Alabama, United States Renato Posenato, Università di Ferrara, Italy Shuzhong Shen, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, China 1 Permophiles Issue #66 Supplement
    [Show full text]
  • (Brachiopoda, Strophomenida) from the Silurian of Gotland, Sweden
    Pala¨ontol Z (2011) 85:201–229 DOI 10.1007/s12542-010-0088-3 RESEARCH PAPER Strophomenidae, Leptostrophiidae, Strophodontidae and Shaleriidae (Brachiopoda, Strophomenida) from the Silurian of Gotland, Sweden Ole A. Hoel Received: 23 September 2010 / Accepted: 1 October 2010 / Published online: 13 November 2010 Ó The Author(s) 2010. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract Twelve species of Brachiopods are described short ranged and occurs in low-energy environments in the from the Silurian of Gotland, six furcitellinines and six latest Llandovery. The species belonging to the Stroph- ‘‘strophodontids.’’ One is new—Strophodonta hoburgensis odontidae (Strophodonta hoburgensis n. sp.) and Shalerii- n. sp. The furcitellinines are moderately common and dae [Shaleria (Janiomya) ornatella and S. (Shaleriella) diverse in the lower part of the succession, but the last ezerensis] occur only in high-energy environments and have species disappears in the middle Hemse beds (*middle a short range within the late Ludlow. Ludlow). Three genera are represented: Bellimurina, Pentlandina and Katastrophomena, with the species and Keywords Silurian Á Llandovery Á Wenlock Á Ludlow Á subspecies B. wisgoriensis, P. tartana, P. loveni, P. lewisii Strophomenide Á Furcitellininae Á Leptostrophiidae Á lewisii, K. penkillensis and K. antiquata scabrosa. Most of Strophodontidae Á Shaleriidae the taxa are confined to low energy environments, but P. loveni was evidently specialized for the high energy reef Kurzfassung Zwo¨lf arten Brachiopoden von der Silurium environments of the Ho¨gklint Formation. B. wisgoriensis Gotlands sind beschrieben. Sechs Furcitellininen und sechs displays environmentally induced morphological variability ,,Strophodonten‘‘. Eine Gattung ist neu; Strophodonta in developing strong, frilly growth lamellae in high-energy hoburgensis sp.
    [Show full text]