Bayrakli Mosque (Al-FƗti Mosque), Peü/Pejë
The mosque was probably built in the second half of the 15th century by Sultan Mehmet al-Fatih and was subsequently restored and reconstructed. It has recently been renovated with Italian funds. It is known by the inhabitants under the name of Bayrakli (“The Flag Holder”) Mosque. It was burnt in June 1999. North Entrance Portico eastern façade Ayverdi - Ottoman Architectural Works in Europe, 1981 (2003)
Description
The mosque consists of the praying hall and the portico. The latter is composed of three compartments covered by shallow dome with pendentives in the corners, resting on circular arches carried by stone pillars. The square praying hall is about 12 x 12m, 13m high and the wall thickness is about 1.25m . The mezzanine is about 2m from the floor level. The stone segmental arched entrance leads to the praying hall. Coloured painted squinch and spandrels (2003)
On each side of the lower cubic structure, four windows in two rows are arranged. In the upper part of the wall, a circular arched window is in the middle.
The transition from the square plan to the circular plan of the upper dome is created by squinches in the corners. From outside the dome is octagonal. In the lower zone of the dome there are eight small circular arched windows.
From inside the mosque is plastered and decorated with different floral patterns. The mezzanine floor is supported by short columns with small circular arches.
Mihrab, Minbar and Dome Ayverdi - Ottoman Architectural Works in Europe, 1981
77 The arch spandrels are richly decorated. From side the walls are plastered and painted. The roofs are covered by new lead sheets.
Dome apex decorated with painted floral patterns Decorated spandrels with floral patterns (2003) (2003)
Bayrakli Mosque -Dome decorated with Bayrakli Mosque - Stone Minbar painted medallions with floral patterns (2003) (2003)
78 The minaret probably belongs to an early mosque as the level of the minaret entrance is about 1m lower than the level of the mosque’s flooring; excavations made by the Italian company that did the restoration work showed an elder flooring. The lower part of the minaret is constructed of alternative courses only. The first storey ends by a circular balcony. The second short storey is ended by the traditional conical structure covered with lead. The cost of the recent restoration can be considered as a base for the estimation costs of other similar buildings.
Bayrakli Mosque-Entrance,engraved stone Bayrakli Mosque – Main entrance (2003) (2003)
Bayrakli Mosque – Podium Bayrakli Mosque – Podium Ayverdi - Ottoman Architectural Works in Europe, (2003) 1981
79 Hadum (Khadim) Mosque, Djakovica/Yakova
The Mosque was founded by Khadim Agha and was probably built in the late 16th century. In the city, the Hadum Mosque is the only one with a dome. It is situated in the old market quarter and was a part of a unique architectural ensemble consisting of a high school, a primary school and a library. This ensemble was completely destroyed in 1999.
Description The mosque consists of the portico and the praying hall. The portico is composed of three compartments covered with shallow domes and carried by pointed arches. These are made of bricks and rest on columns. Capitals are well cut stalactites. The semi- circular entrance is in the middle of the portico rear wall. To the right and to the left there is a rectangular window. North Portico- entrance (2003)
The rear wall of the Mosque is plastered and decorated with vegetal convolutions and arabesques. Each window has an iron lattice.
North Eastern Façade (2003)
South East façade (2003)
The praying hall has a square plan of 12,3 x 12,3 m. It is about 12,5m high and is covered by a dome supported on squinches carried on engaged pillars. The walls and pillars are built of well dressed ashlar stone with fine joints.
80 colored painted decoration on Qibla wall with the mihrƗb Mosque plan the dome transition zone (2003) niche (2003)
The interior of the mosque is plastered and overwhelmed by coloured painting decorations with vegetal convolutions and arabesques; stylised flowers in vases are all over the area of the dome, arches and framing the windows. The arch spandrels as well as the middle surface of the squinches are decorated with medallions filled with calligraphies (God’s appeals). The locations of the engaged pillars are emphasized by special painted floral motives.
In the middle of the Qibla wall is the deep recessed pointed mihrab; to the right of it stands the wood decorated minbar. In the lower part of the other walls there are two windows with iron lattice and decorated wooden and glass shutters.
In the upper part of the wall, in the middle between the two rectangular windows, there is a pointed window with a rest of gypsum lattice in geometric and floral patterns with glass shutters.
A Qur’an fires (sure 2, verse 255) separates the lower cubic structure from the dome which has no windows in the lower part. Interior of the Mosque – Minbar (2003)
81 The minaret has a square stool at the height of the mosque; the upper part of the cubic stool is tapered to adjust with circular high first storey, which ends with the circular balcony. The second circular storey with the conical ending has been fallen down in 1999.
Present condition Dampness, caused by water rain infiltration and surface water, has caused the detachment of plaster in the dome Minaret (2003) internal surface as well as in the internal wall surfaces of the praying hall. Rusted iron lattice as well as salt efflorescence had caused stone deterioration. The stones also show chemical and physical weathering.
Recommended measures
The intradox of the lintels of the lower windows need restoration. Wooden shutters and wooden flooring of the podium need repair works. The flooring of the portico needs to be completed and conserved. The stones should be desalinated and consolidated. Measures should be taken to prevent the rising dampness by capillary action and to prevent the detachment of the painted plaster. This unique building needs an accurate photogrammetric documentation and visual drawings of stone deterioration. A long- term maintenance program is recommended.
Estimated costs
€ 285.000 for architectural documentation, structure assessment, diagnostic study and conservation work.
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82 Hadum (Khadim) Mosque Hadum (Khadim) Mosque, Entrance Bashkësia Islame e Kosovës -Pristinë 2000 Porch Bashkësia Islame e Kosovës -Pristinë 2000
Hadum (Khadim) Mosque Hadum (Khadim) Mosque Entrance Porch and Minaret (2003) North – East Façade (2003)
83 Hadum (Khadim) Mosque, Hadum (Khadim) Mosque, Coloured Squinch decorated with floral pattern decoration on the engaged pillar (2003) (2003)
Hadum (Khadim) Mosque Sulaiman al-‘Afri, God may forgive him, Date of restoration 1260H./1844 AD (2003)
84 Hadum (Khadim) Mosque, Stone deterioration, Fine joints, well dressed ashlar stone; Bad plastic repair (2003)
Hadum (Khadim) Mosque, Stone deterioration-Pitting (2003)
85 JasƗr (YašƗr) Pasha Mosque, Priština
According to the inscription inside the mosque, the building was founded by YashƗr Mehmet PƗshƗ in 1250 H./1834 A.D. He was a citizen of Priština and in 1842 A.D. governor of Skopje (Askop)
Description The mosque consists of two parts:
1.The portico, which was demolished by expanding the road in front of the mosque, and replaced by the new, inclined wooden portico supported by wooden column. JašƗr Mosque plan 2.The praying hall (10.50m x 10.50m), covered by Ayverdi - Ottoman Architectural Works in a dome with pendentives in the corners resting Europe, 1981 on the external bearing walls.
The mihrƗb is located in the qibla wall in axis of the square plan and has a stalactites hood.
Each wall of the lower cubic structure has two windows with a small one in upper part of the cubic structure.
Above the mihrƗb and in its axis a decorative blind window is placed, with Solomon’s seal and the Tughra of the Sultan Mahmud II. The internal wall surface is covered with plaster. Windows are framed with decorated floral band.From outside, the dome octagonal drum is pierced with eight small circular arched windows.The dome is covered by lead sheets. The mosque still preserves its original window iron lattice and its wooden window The Tughra of the Sultan shutters. Mahmud II above the MihrƗb (2003)
JašƗr Mosque, MihrƗb & Minbar JašƗr Mosque, Dikka Ayverdi - Ottoman Architectural Works in Europe, Ayverdi - Ottoman Architectural Works in Europe, 1981 1981
86 The minaret stands on the right side of the portico and consists of a stool and a high circular storey ending with a balcony. It is followed with a circular short storey, crowned by the typical Ottoman conical end covered by lead sheets.
Present condition There are some cracks in the pendentive area of the building. The lead dome covering is cracked and causes Mosque and surroundings (2003) dampness by rain infiltration through the roof.
Crack in the dome transition zone (2003) Stone deterioration – Salt efflorescence(2003)
The dampness in the building is also caused by capillary action. The iron bars laid in the dome drum should be checked (rust damage).
Recommended measures
Architectural documentation, structural studies (seismic study) as well as cracks monitoring should be provided before doing any restoration works.
Estimated costs
€ 223.000 for architectural documentation, structure assessment, diagnostic study and restoration works.
87 JašƗr Pasha Mosque, North East façade JašƗr Pasha Mosque, MihrƗb detail (2003) (2003)
JašƗr Pasha Mosque (2003)
88 JašƗr Pasha Mosque, painting (left of the JašƗr Pasha Mosque, decoration above the mihrƗb) (2003) mihrƗb with Sultan’s Tughra (2003)
JašƗr Pasha Mosque, historic inscription above the mihrƗb (2003)
89 Mosque, Deçan/Deþani
The mosque was built at the end of 15th century and has been lying partly ruined since 1998.
Mosque with the surrounding fence (2003)
Description
The mosque has a rectangular plan and originally had a wooden roof. The walls are built with rubble stones with wooden ties running along the walls. The walls are plastered several times.
Inside the building remains of plaster are still existing. Outside the walls were probably not plastered, similar to Kullas built in the surroundings.
Two rows of circular arched windows are organized. The mihrƗb in the qibla wall is a very shallow primitive niche. The mihrƗb in the qibla wall (2003)
90 The short square minaret stool is built with big rubble stones and partially in the upper part with brick. It consists of three shafts. The first one is high and ends with a circular balcony. The second one is shorter and ends with a second balcony. The third shaft is shorter than the second and is crowned with the typical conical structure covered with lead. The minaret was recently Mosque stool from interior Minaret (2003) plastered. (2003)
Present condition
The walls are severely deteriorated and structurally unsafe. The building mortar is strongly weakened by rising dampness especially in the lower part near the soil and the upper part due to rainwater infiltrating through the walls.
As the lower level of the foundation is only 80cm from ground level, it is recommend to check the foundation situation and to make the necessary precautions for snow, heavy rain and frost. Wall joints should be cleaned and repointed and the walls should be grouted with natural or artificial hydraulic lime. Wooden ties should be replaced and treated before with biocides and antacids.
Recommended measures
A complete architectural documentation should be established and a detailed structure assessment made before beginning restoration and conservation work.
Estimated costs
Financial support is already being received from Brunei.
91 HammƗm of Ali Bey, Vuþitrn/Vushtrri
Description
This hammƗm is one of the oldest Ottoman public baths in the Balkans. It consists of one central hall for undressing with a fountain in the middle and has a single hexagonal wooden roof with the brick dome rising in the middle. The roof is covered with red tiles. Vuþitrn HammƗm- Deterioration of semi The pointed arched entrance leads directly to the dressed courses, missing tiles (2003) undressing hall, which has pointed arched windows in the upper part of the walls. From the undressing hall, one enters to the cold and warm rooms and to the heated area with the small washing room and plunge bath; the heating area (furnace) is still intact. The walls of this area are built of semi-dressed stone and rubble stone.
The hammƗm is not dilapidated, but having been out of use for over 25 years, the lack of maintenance explains its precarious condition.
Present condition Due to the backflow from the town sewage system, the building is emerged in sewer water, which has caused severe deterioration to the stones. – As some roof tiles are missing, the walls also suffer from rainwater infiltration. - In some places wall joint are empty and need to be cleaned and repointed. Inside, plaster is detached from walls and the flooring is in a very bad condition. Water basins and carpentry works need repair.
Recommended measures
Restoration work should be undertaken without delay. Traditional material should be used to preserve the historic and authentic values. However, before commencing restoration work, a solid Vu itrn Hamm m- Deterioration of stone with architectural documentation is required. þ Ɨ washed out mortar joints (2003)
Estimated costs
Architectural documentation, structure assessment, diagnostic study and restoration work: € 287.000 92 Sultan Murat I Mausoleum (Türbe), Kosovo Polje
Description
The mausoleum is located about 10km west of Pristina and about 1km away from the modern memorial tower commemorating the 1389 battle. In that battle, the Serbs were catastrophically defeated by the army of Sultan Murat I.
The whole grassy plain is known locally as Gazimestan (Muslim veteran land).
The building was conceived as a memorial Mausoleum, as Murat is buried in Bursa, where he was killed. The mausoleum was probably built by Sultan Bayazid I, the son of Murat I, at the end of the 14th century. The original plan and style is not known as it was rebuilt and restored several times. Porch entrance detail (2003)
The first major restoration was ordered by the governor of the Balkans Melek Ahmet Pasha Rumeli, during the second half of the 16th century, after his visit to the mausoleum which he found in a dilapidated state. He had a fence built and arranged for a family to live on the site and ensure the maintenance of the mausoleum .
The building was restored later by Khorshid Pasha in 1859 A.D. and later once again in 1911 A.D. in the occasion of Sultan RashƗd’s visit to Kosovo.
The Turkish Ministry of Culture restored the building in 1990. Near by the Mausoleum there is a small house for the family in charge of the maintenance (Hajj ‘Ali al-BukhƗrƯ family). The family is paid by the Turkish Government ever since Sultan ‘Abdal ‘AzƯz has made this arrangement.
93 The Mausoleum has a square plan 7x7m and is 9,35 m high. In front of the entrance there is a square portico 3,30 x 3,30m. Inside the mausoleum there is a cenotaph.
The portico is covered by a small dome supported by plastered circular arches resting on four stone columns. The dome is covered by lead sheets. This entrance was added later, as there is a building joint between the portico and the mausoleum.
The mosque has a dome with pendentives in the corner resting on the 85cm thick walls. The entrance of the mausoleum has an engraved marble cladding, with a three-line inscription, which is also a later addition.
In the lower cubic structure, there are two rectangular windows with iron grille and glass shutters in each wall. The dome apex is decorated with a painted Qur’an verse (sure 3, verse 169). The lower dome surface is decorated with a painted floral frieze.
In the green area around the Mausoleum there are a cenotaph of Rif’at PƗshƗ dated 1276H./ 1859 A.D. and another of Mehmet PƗshƗ dated 1321H./1903 A.D.
Present condition Due to lack of maintenance, there is water infiltration through the roof; the lead covering needs restoration.
Stone chemical weathering as well as physical weathering, specially in the lower parts of the mausoleum caused by rain, sun rays, wind and environmental pollution. Salt efflorescence in many areas of the outside wall surfaces can be noticed. Algea is also present.
Recommended measures
Stones should be desalinated, cleaned and consolidated; in Deterioration of stone course some places stone should have plastic repair; very eroded stone (2003) should be replaced.
The flooring boards inside the mausoleum are rotten and need to be renewed. The garden outside the mausoleum within the fenced area needs urgent care. A rainwater collector around the building, to decrease dampness in walls caused by capillary action, is badly needed.
Estimated costs
Architectural documentation, structure assessment, diagnostic study, restoration and conservation: € 217.000.
94 Sultan Murat I Mausoleum (Türbe), Sultan Murat I Mausoleum (Türbe), Wall pierced with flat window and metal Ayverdi - Ottoman Architectural Works in Europe, grille 1981 (2003)
Sultan Murat I Mausoleum (Türbe), Sultan Murat I Mausoleum (Türbe), Interior Entrance door Ayverdi - Ottoman Architectural Works in Europe, Ayverdi - Ottoman Architectural Works in Europe, 1981 1981
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