1. PROJECT INFORMATION

Title PICES Tohoku coastal field survey (fouling plate) – supplemental study for U.S. tsunami debris spp. List in Year 3

Award period Jan 20, 2016 – Dec 31, 2016

Amount of funding $ 86,206 CAD

Report submission date Dec. 31 st , 2016

Lead Author of Report* Hisatsugu Kato (JANUS), Michio Otani, Taichi Yonezawa (JANUS)

*Although there may be only one lead author of the report, all PIs and co-PIs of the project, as identified in the approved statement of work and listed below, are responsible for the content of the Final Report in terms of completeness and accuracy.

Principal Investigator(s), Co-Principal Investigators and Recipient Organization(s):

Dr. Hisatsugu Kato Taichi Yonezawa

Japan NUS Co., LTD. Nishi-Shinjuku Kimuraya Building 5F, 7-5-25 Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan

+81-3-5925-6885 (Direct) Email: [email protected]

Mr. Michio Otani Rokujo Midori-machi 3-9-10, Nara City, Japan, 630-8045 Tel & Fax: 81-742-48-8552

2. YEAR 3 PROGRESS SUMMARY a. Describe progress.

The field surveys for Installation and retrieval of fouling plates, morphological identification, and DNA sequencing were conducted as follows.

• Field survey All the field surveys are completed in accordance with a following schedule (Table 1).

Schedule for the field surveys in the year 3 Placement (# of plates) 1 month (# plates) 3 month (plan) (# plates) Miyako Apr. 26th (30) May. 31st (15) Aug. 2nd (15) Minami -Sanriku Apr. 26th (30) Jun. 1st (14*) Aug. 3rd (15) * One of the fouling plates placed in Minami-Sanriku was lost in the sea.

• Morphological identification Analyses for the first and second samples are completed. The lists of found in the morphological identification are shown in Chapter 4-d.

• DNA sequencing The samples of the first and second surveys for DNA analysis were sent to Dr. Jonathan Geller at Moss Landing Marine Labs.

Miyako

Tohoku area

Minami-Sanriku

Figure 1 Fouling plates Installation sites in the year 3

b. Describe any concerns or challenges you may have about your project’s progress.

The survey is successfully completed. Therefore we have no concerns about the TOHOKU survey project.

3. ABSTRACT

The surveys were conducted at several locations in the Tohoku coast. In the year 2 survey fouling plates of 14cm square were installed in 3 different locations; Miyako (Iwate prefecture), Kesennuma and Matsushima (Miyagi prefecture) in July or August, 2015. In the year 3 survey the fouling plates were installed in 2 different locations; Miyako, Minami-Sanriku (Miyagi prefecture) in April, 2016. The fouling plates installed at each site were retrieved in about 1 month (the first survey) and 3 months (the second survey) after installation. Finally we successfully got plenty of samples utilized for morphological identification and DNA analysis. The result is shown in Chapter4-d.

Figure 2 Fouling plates Installation sites in the year 2 and 3

4. PROJECT DESCRIPTION a) Research Purpose Tohoku coast is a ria coast and each survey site is in the inlet. The inlets have the brackish-water inputs which make the areas suitable for coastal fishery and the aquaculture. In the ria coasts, shallow and narrow inlets trapped and focused incoming tsunami waves and created destructive swells and currents that pushed large volumes of water far inland. All survey sites suffered serious damage by the tsunami after the Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011. During the Great East Japan Earthquake and tsunami in 2011, vast amount of debris got washed out from land and some became Japanese Tsunami Marine Debris (JTMD) and reached to Hawaii and west coast of the U.S. and Canada with many coastal fouling organisms attached. It is uncertain amount and species of fouling organisms which were transferred from Japan to the U.S. and Canada so that the purpose of the survey is to obtain enough samples for identifying invasive species from Tohoku coast. b) Objectives The objective of this survey is to obtain a thorough collection of fouling organisms to morphologically and genetically complement the existing collection of JTMD species in Japan and to ship them to U.S. scientists who are in charge of DNA analysis. c) Methods The proposed research is the survey which is aimed to obtain a thorough collection of fouling organisms to morphologically and genetically complement the existing collection of JTMD species, as well as to identify additional/new genetic strains that may have invasion potential. The survey was to be conducted at several locations in the Tohoku area. The survey design was planned and organized by mainly U.S. scientists and co-organized by Dr. Takami (Tohoku National Fisheries Research Institute), Mr. Otani and personnel from JANUS.

The survey was conducted as follows:

1. Install fouling plates of 14cm square in 3 different locations; Miyako (Year 2 & 3), Kesennuma (Year 2) and Matsushima (Year 2), Minami-Sanriku (Year 3). The plates installed were shipped from the U.S. scientists (supports were given by Dr. Greg Ruiz, Dr. James Carlton and Dr. Jonathan Geller).

2. Retrieve the fouling plates after 1 month and 3 months of their installation. The schedule of the surveys is shown in Table 2.

3. Analyze the retrieved fouling plate and identify spp. on the plates (basic protocol shown by the U.S. scientists)

4. Detail identification in laboratory and extract samples for DNA analysis – shipment to the U.S.

5. Shipment of oysters and mussels for analysis on parasites (if possible).

2 Schedule of the field survey for year 2 and 3 Placement (# of plates) 1 month (# plates) 3 month (# plates) Miyako Aug. 12th (30) Sep. 8th (15) Nov. 10th (15) Year 2 Kesennuma Aug. 4th (10*) Sep. 8th (5) Nov. 11th (5) (2015) Matsushima Jul. 24th (30) Sep. 10th (15) Nov. 12th (15) Year 3 Miyako Apr. 26th (30) May. 31st (15) Aug. 2nd (15) (2016) Minami-Sanriku Apr. 26th (30) Jun. 1st (14*) Aug. 3rd (15) * In Kesennuma, due to limited availability of space, minimum # of plates were installed * One of the fouling plates placed in Minami-Sanriku was lost in the sea. d) Results The appearance of fouling plates in each location is illustrated in Table 3. The numbers of morphological specimen and samples for DNA analysis are shown in Table 4. The number of the samples for DNA analysis means the number of identified species. The state of the fouling species varies depending on the location. Number of species found was the highest in Matsushima, and the fewest in Minami-Sanriku. More species were detected in the second survey than the first survey in all sites. Phylum Arthropoda (especially Class Malacostraca) dominated at all sites.

3RtrivdfouingPts The first survey The second survey

Miyako

Year 2 Kesennuma

Matsushima

Miyako

Year 3

Minami- Sanriku

4 The numbers of the specimens prepared The first survey The second survey

Samples for Morphological Samples for Morphological DNA analysis specimens DNA analysis specimens Miyako 31 14 51 16 Year 2 Kesennuma 35 9 65 14 Matsushima 63 22 79 26 Miyako 25 3 45 24 Year 3 Minami-Sanriku 14 5 37 13

5The numbers of the appearance species for year 2 and 3 Year 2 Year 3 Miyako Kesennuma Matsushima Miyako Minami-Sanriku PHYLUM The first The second The first The second The first The second The first The second The first The second survey survey survey survey survey survey survey survey survey survey

PORIFERA - 1 - 2 1 3 - 1 - - CNIDARIA 1 1 1 1 3 2 - - 1 1 NEMERTINEA - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 2 KAMPTOZOA - - - - - 1 - - - - TENTACULATA 1 5 3 5 3 7 3 4 - 3 MOLLUSCA - 3 3 4 6 9 4 5 2 3 ANNELIDA 2 9 3 15 15 10 2 5 - 5 ARTHROPODA 21 22 21 30 27 35 14 18 11 18 CHORDATA 6 9 4 7 8 11 2 11 - 5 total 31 51 35 65 63 79 25 45 14 37

Lists of all the species found in each survey are shown in the tables below. Most of fouling organisms identified in the surveys are native to Japanese coasts.

6Identified species in Miyako (Year 2) The first survey The second survey PHYLUM CLASS Species PHYLUM CLASS Species 1 CNIDARIA HYDROZOA Halecium pusillum 1 PORIFERA DEMOSPONGIAE Halichondria sp. 2 TENTACULATA BRYOZOA Celleporina sp. 2 CNIDARIA HYDROZOA Halecium pusillum 3 ANNELIDA POLYCHAETA Hydroides ezoensis 3 NEMERTINEA ENOPLA Nemertellina yamaokai 4 Neodexiospira alveolata 4 TENTACULATA BRYOZOA Membranipora sp. 5 ARTHROPODA 5 Tricellaria inopinata 6 Perforatus perforatus 6 Celleporaria sp. 7 MALACOSTRACA Ampithoe sp. 1 7 Celleporina porosissima 8 Aoroides sp. 8 Escharella takatukii 9 Monocorophium achersicum 9 MOLLUSCA GASTROPODA Sakuraeolis sp. 10 Ericthonius convexus 10 BIVALVIA Mytilus galloprovincialis 11 Jassa slatteryi 11 Musculista senhousia 12 Paradexamine sp. 12 ANNELIDA POLYCHAETA Hemilepidonotus helotypus 13 Polycheria sp. 13 Anaitides sp. 14 Melita sp. 14 Eularia viridis japanensis 15 Leucothoe nagatai 15 Syllis sp. 16 Stenothoe sp. 2 16 Nereis pelagica 17 Stenothoe sp. 1 17 Platynereis bicanaliculata 18 Caprella equilibra 18 Arabella sp. 19 Caprella mutica 19 Nicolea sp. 20 Caprella scaura 20 Hydroides ezoensis 21 Paranthura japonica 21 ARTHROPODA PYCNOGONIDEA Anoplodactylus crassus 22 Ianiropsis serricaudi 22 MAXILLOPODA trigonus 23 Synidotea hikigawaensis 23 24 Cymodoce japonica 24 Amphibalanus improvisus 25 Zeuxo sp. (aff. Z. coralensis ) 25 Fistulobalanus albicostatus 26 CHORDATA ASCIDIACEA Diplosoma listerarium 26 Perforatus perforatus 27 Distaplia dubia 27 MALACOSTRACA Ampithoe sp. 1 28 Botryllidae gen. sp. 1 28 Aoroides sp. 29 Botryllidae gen. sp. 2 29 Monocorophium achersicum 30 Botryllidae gen sp. 3 30 Gammaropsis japonica 31 Botryllidae gen sp. 4 31 Ericthonius convexus 32 Jassa slatteryi 33 Polycheria sp. 34 Stenothoe sp. 2 35 Caprella equilibra 36 Caprella mutica 37 Caprella scaura 38 Paranthura japonica 39 Ianiropsis serricaudis 40 Synidotea hikigawaensis 41 Cymodoce japonica 42 Zeuxo sp. (aff. Z. maledivensis ) 43 CHORDATA ASCIDIACEA Distaplia dubia 44 Ciona savignyi 45 Perophora japonica 46 Ascicia sp. 47 Botryllus schlosseri 48 Botryllidae gen. sp. 1 49 Botryllidae gen. sp. 2 50 Botryllidae gen. sp. 3 51 Styela sp.

7Identified species in Kesennnuma (Year 2) The first survey The second survey PHYLUM CLASS Species PHYLUM CLASS Species 1 CNIDARIA ANTHOZOA Diadumene lineata 1 PORIFERA CALCAREA Grantessa sp. 2 TENTACULATA BRYOZOA Tricellaria inopinata 2 DEMOSPONGIAE Halichondria sp. 3 Celleporina sp. 3 CNIDARIA ANTHOZOA ACTINIARIA 4 Watersipora cucullata 4 NEMERTINEA ENOPLA Nemertellina yamaokai 5 MOLLUSCA BIVALVIA Anomia chinensis 5 TENTACULATA BRYOZOA Amathia distans 6 Crassostrea gigas 6 Tricellaria occidentalis 7 Protothaca jedoensis 7 Celleporina porosissima 8 ANNELIDA POLYCHAETA Syllis sp. 8 Escharella takatukii 9 Hydroides ezoensis 9 Watersipora cucullata 10 Neodexiospira alveolata 10 MOLLUSCA GASTROPODA Mitrella bicincta 11 ARTHROPODA MAXILLOPODA Chthamalus challengeri 11 BIVALVIA Mytilus galloprovincialis 12 Balanus trigonus 12 Musculus cupreus 13 Amphibalanus improvisus 13 Crassostrea gigas 14 Perforatus perforatus 14 ANNELIDA POLYCHAETA Halosydna brevisetosa 15 Megabalanus rosa 15 Lepidonotus elongatus 16 MALACOSTRACA Ampithoe sp. 2 16 Eulalia viridis japanensis 17 Gammaropsis japonica 17 Eulalia sp. 18 Ericthonius convexus 18 Nereiphylla castanea 19 Jassa slatteryi 19 Syllis sp. 20 Polycheria sp. 20 Neanthes caudata 21 Pontogeneia sp. 21 Nereis multignatha 22 Maera pacifica 22 Nereis neoneanthes 23 Melita sp. 23 Platynereis bicanaliculata 24 Gitanopsis sp . 24 Armandia sp. 25 Anamixis sp. 25 Polyophthalmus pictus 26 Parapleustes sp. 26 Nicolea sp. 27 Stenothoe sp. 2 27 Hydroides ezoensis 28 Caprella equilibra 28 Neodexiospira alveolata 29 Paranthura japonica 29 ARTHROPODA MAXILLOPODA Balanus trigonus 30 Ianiropsis serricaudi 30 MAXILLOPODA Amphibalanus improvisus 31 Cirolana harfordi japonica 31 Perforatus perforatus 32 CHORDATA ASCIDIACEA Diplosoma listerianum 32 Megabalanus rosa 33 Botryllidae gen sp. 1 33 MALACOSTRACA Ampithoe sp. 1 34 Botryllidae gen sp. 2 34 Aoroides longimerus 35 Symplegma reptans 35 Monocorophium sextonae 36 Monocorophium uenoi 37 Gammaropsis japonica 38 Ericthonius convexus 39 Jassa slatteryi 40 Podocerus sp. 41 Polycheria sp. 42 Maera pacifica 43 Maera sp. 44 Melita rylovae 45 Gitanopsis sp. 46 Parapleustes sp. 47 Stenothoe sp. 2 48 Orchomene sp. 49 Cypsiphimedia mala 50 Caprella equilibra 51 Caprella polyacantha 52 Caprella penantis 53 Caprella scaura 54 Paranthura japonica 55 Ianiropsis serricaudis 56 Cirolana harfordi japonica 57 Dynoides dentisinus 58 Eualus leptognathus 59 CHORDATA ASCIDIACEA Aplidium sp. 60 Diplosoma listerianum 61 Ciona intestinalis type A 62 Ciona savignyi 63 Ascidia sydneiensis 64 Botryllidae gen. sp.2 65 Styela canopus

8Identified species in Matsushima (Year 2) The first survey The second survey PHYLUM CLASS Species PHYLUM CLASS Species 1 PORIFERA CALCAREA Grantessa sp. 1 PORIFERA CALCAREA Grantessa sp. 2 CNIDARIA HYDROZOA Eudendrium sp. 2 DEMOSPONGIAE Halichondria sitiens 3 ANTHOZOA Diadumene lineata 3 Haliclona sp. 4 Anthopleura sp. 4 CNIDARIA HYDROZOA Eudendrium sp. 5 TENTACULATA BRYOZOA Amathia distans 5 ANTHOZOA Diadumene lineata 6 Bugula neritina 6 NEMERTINEA ANOPLA Procephalothrix sp. 7 Bugula stolonifera 7 KAMPTOZOA Barentsia discreta 8 MOLLUSCA GASTROPODA Dendrodoris fumata 8 TENTACULATA BRYOZOA Amathia distans 9 BIVALVIA Musculista senhousia 9 Membranipora sp. 2 10 Chlamys sp. 10 Bugula neritina 11 Anomia chinensis 11 Tricellaria inopinata 12 Crassostrea gigas 12 Celleporina porosissima 13 Theora fragilis 13 Cryptosula pallasiana 14 ANNELIDA POLYCHAETA Lepidonotus elongatus 14 Escharella takatukii 15 Anaitides sp. 15 MOLLUSCA GASTROPODA Brachystomia minutiovum 16 Eulalia viridis 16 Dendrodoris fumata 17 Proceraea sp. 17 BIVALVIA Mytilus galloprovincialis 18 Syllis sp. 18 Modiolus kurilensis 19 Neanthes caudata 19 Musculista senhousia 20 Nereis multignatha 20 Chlamys farreri nipponensis 21 Nereis neoneanthes 21 Chlamys sp. 22 Platynereis bicanaliculata 22 Anomia chinensis 23 Dorvillea sp. 23 Crassostrea gigas 24 Nicolea sp. 24 ANNELIDA POLYCHAETA Harmothoe sp. 25 Terebellidae gen. sp. 25 Halosydna brevisetosa 26 Pseudopotamilla sp. 26 Lepidonotus elongatus 27 Sabella sp. 27 Nereiphylla castanea 28 Hydroides ezoensis 28 Nereis multignatha 29 ARTHROPODA PYCNOGONIDEA Callipallene sp. 29 Platynereis bicanaliculata 30 Anoplodactylus crassus 30 Marphysa sp. 31 MAXILLOPODA Amphibalanus improvisus 31 Amphitrite sp. 32 MALACOSTRACA Ampithoe sp. 1 32 Sabella sp. 33 Aoroides longimerus 33 Hydroides ezoensis 34 Corophium acherusicum 34 ARTHROPODA PYCNOGONIDEA Anoplodactylus crassus 35 Jassa slatteryi 35 MAXILLOPODA Balanus trigonus 36 Paradexamine sp. 36 Amphibalanus amphitrite 37 Polycheria sp. 37 Amphibalanus eburneus 38 Melita rylovae 38 Amphibalanus improvisus 39 Gitanopsis sp. 39 Fistulobalanus albicostatus 40 Anamixis sp. 40 MALACOSTRACA Ampithoe tarasovi 41 Colomastix sp. 41 Ampithoe sp. 2 42 Leucothoe nagatai 42 Aoroides longimerus 43 Parapleustes sp. 43 Monocorophium acherusicum 44 Stenothoe sp. 1 44 Monocorophium uenoi 45 Stenothoe sp. 2 45 Jassa slatteryi 46 Liljeborgia serrata 46 Paradexamine sp. 47 Orchomene sp. 47 Maera sp. 48 Cypsiphimedia mala 48 Melita rylovae 49 Caprella penantis 49 Gitanopsis sp. 50 Caprella scaura 50 Anamixis sp. 51 Paranthura japonica 51 Colomastix sp. 52 Ianiropsis serricaudi 52 Leucothoe nagatai 53 Cymodoce japonica 53 Parapleustes sp. 54 Eualus leptognathus 54 Stenothoe sp. 1 55 Heptacarpus rectirostris 55 Stenothoe sp. 2 56 CHORDATA ASCIDIACEA Didemnum sp. 56 Liljeborgia serrata 57 Ciona intestinalis type A 57 Orchomene sp. 58 Ciona savignyi 58 Cypsiphimedia mala 59 Ascidia zara 59 Caprella scaura 60 Ascidia sydneiensis 60 Paranthura japonica 61 Botryllidae gen. sp. 61 Ianiropsis serricaudis 62 Molgula manhattensis 62 Cymodoce japonica 63 Tridentiger trigonocephalus 63 Dynoides dentisinus 64 Dynoides dentisinus 65 Eualus leptognathus 66 Heptacarpus rectirostris 67 Halicarcinus messor 68 Hemigrapsus takanoi 69 CHORDATA ASCIDIACEA Aplidium sp. 70 Didemnum sp. 71 Ciona intestinalis type A 72 Ciona savignyi 73 Ascidia sydneiensis 74 Ascidia zara 75 Botryllidae gen. sp. 1 76 Botryllidae gen. sp. 2 77 Styela canopus 78 Molgula manhattensis 79 OESTEICHTHYES Tridentiger trigonocephalus 9Identified species in Miyako (Year 3) The first survey The second survey PHYLUM CLASS Species PHYLUM CLASS Species 1 TENTACULATA BRYOZOA Tricellaria inopinata 1 PORIFERA DEMOSPONGIAE Halichondria sp. 2 Celleporina porosissima 2 NEMERTINEA ENOPLA Nemertellina yamaokai 3 Microporella sp. 3 TENTACULATA BRYOZOA Tricellaria inopinata 4 MOLLUSCA GASTROPODA Barleeia angustata 4 Celleporina porosissima 5 PROSOBRANCHIA fam. gen. sp. 5 Pacificincola perforata 6 BIVALVIA Mytilus galloprovincialis 6 Escharella takatukii 7 Hiatella orientalis 7 MOLLUSCA GASTROPODA Lirularia iridescens 8 ANNELIDA POLYCHAETA Lumbrineridae gen. sp. 8 BIVALVIA Mytilus galloprovincialis 9 Serpulidae gen. sp. 9 Vilasina decorata 10 ARTHROPODA MAXILLOPODA Amphibalanus eburneus 10 Musculus cupreus 11 MALACOSTRACA Ampithoe sp. 1 11 Hiatella orientalis 12 Aoroides sp. 12 ANNELIDA POLYCHAETA Harmothoe sp. 13 Monocorophium achersicum 13 Syllis sp. 14 Gammaropsis japonica 14 Megasyllis nipponica 15 Ericthonius convexus 15 Nereis vexillosa 16 Jassa slatteryi 16 Serpulidae gen. sp. 17 Pontogeneia sp. 17 ARTHROPODA MALACOSTRACA Ampithoe lacertosa 18 Stenothoe sp. aff . dentirama 18 Aoroides sp. 19 Caprella equilibra 19 Monocorophium acherusicum 20 Caprella mutica 20 Gammaropsis japonica 21 Caprella scaura 21 Ericthonius convexus 22 Paranthura japonica 22 Jassa slatteryi 23 Zeuxo sp. 23 Podocerus sp. 24 CHORDATA ASCIDIACEA Distaplia dubia 24 Polycheria sp. 25 Botryllidae gen. sp. 25 Pontogeneia sp. 26 Stenothoe sp. aff. dentirama 27 Gordonodius zelleri 28 Caprella equilibra 29 Caprella mutica 30 Caprella scaura 31 Paranthura japonica 32 Ianiropsis serricaudis 33 Cymodoce japonica 34 Zeuxo sp. 35 CHORDATA ASCIDIACEA Aplidium sp. 36 Diplosoma listerianum 37 Distaplia dubia 38 Ciona savignyi 39 Perophora sp. 40 Ascidiella aspersa 41 Botrylloides violaceus 42 Botryllus sp. 43 Botryllidae gen. sp. 44 Botryllidae gen. sp. 2 45 Styelidae gen. sp.

0Identified species in Minami-Sanriku (Year 3) The first survey The second survey PHYLUM CLASS Species PHYLUM CLASS Species 1 CNIDARIA HYDROZOA Obelia sp. 1 CNIDARIA HYDROZOA Obelia sp. (almost hydranth lacking) 2 MOLLUSCA GASTROPODA Mitrella bicincta 2 NEMERTINEA ENOPLA Nemertellina yamaokai 3 BIVALVIA Mytilus galloprovincialis 3 Tetrastemma nigrifrons 4 ARTHROPODA MALACOSTRACA Ampithoe sp. 1 4 TENTACULATA BRYOZOA Tricellaria inopinata 5 Ericthonius convexus 5 Celleporina porosissima 6 Jassa marmorata 6 Watersipora subatra 7 Jassa slatteryi 7 MOLLUSCA GASTROPODA Sakuraeolis sp. 8 Jassa sp. 8 BIVALVIA Mytilus galloprovincialis 9 Stenothoe sp. aff. dentirama 9 Musculus cupreus 10 Stenothoe sp. 1 10 ANNELIDA POLYCHAETA Autolytus sp. 11 Caprella californica 11 Syllis sp. 12 Caprella equilibra 12 Nereis pelagica 13 Caprella mutica 13 Platynereis bicanaliculata 14 Caprella penantis 14 Terebellidae gen. sp. 15 ARTHROPODA MAXILLOPODA Perforatus perforatus 16 Megabalanus rosa 17 MALACOSTRACA Ampithoe lacertosa 18 Ampithoe sp. 2 19 Aoroides longimerus 20 Gammaropsis japonica 21 Ericthonius convexus 22 Jassa marmorata 23 Jassa slatteryi 24 Jassa staudei 25 Polycheria sp. 26 Stenothoe sp. aff. dentirama 27 Caprella equilibra 28 Caprella mutica 29 Caprella penantis 30 Paranthura japonica 31 Ianiropsis serricaudis 32 Cymodoce japonica 33 CHORDATA ASCIDIACEA Didemnum sp. 34 Diplosoma listerianum 35 Distaplia dubia 36 Ascidia sydneiensis 37 Botryllidae gen. sp.

e) Discussion

N/A f) Challenges

The challenge encountered during the two years survey was to get the understanding and cooperation of local fisherman who is necessary for installing and retrieving the fouling plates. To try addressing this we asked National Fisheries Research Institute or the like to introduce cooperative local fisherman to us. g) Achievements

The achievement of our project is that we obtained plenty of samples of sessile organisms for morphological identification and DNA analysis. The samples we obtained must be helpful for the scientists trying to identify invasive species. h) Literature Cited

N/A

5. OUTPUTS a. Completed and planned publications

N/A b. Poster and oral presentations at scientific conferences or seminars

N/A c. Education and outreach

N/A

6. RESEARCH STATUS AND FUTURE STEPS/PLANS

All the planned work has been completed on schedule at this time.