David Lewis on Convention
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Convention Theory: Is There a French School of Organizational Institutionalism?
CONVENTION THEORY : IS THERE A FRENCH SCHOOL OF ORGANIZATIONAL INSTITUTIONALISM? Thibault Daudigeos, Bertrand Valiorgue To cite this version: Thibault Daudigeos, Bertrand Valiorgue. CONVENTION THEORY : IS THERE A FRENCH SCHOOL OF ORGANIZATIONAL INSTITUTIONALISM?. 2010. hal-00512374 HAL Id: hal-00512374 http://hal.grenoble-em.com/hal-00512374 Preprint submitted on 30 Aug 2010 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. "CONVENTION THEORY": IS THERE A FRENCH SCHOOL OF ORGANIZATIONAL INSTITUTIONALISM? Thibault Daudigeos Grenoble Ecole de Management Chercheur Associé, Institut Français de Gouvernement des Entreprises [email protected] Bertrand Valiorgue ESC Clermont Chercheur Associé, Institut Français de Gouvernement des Entreprises [email protected] We thank the participants of the NIW2010 and AIMS 2010 workshops for their insightful comments. 1 "CONVENTION THEORY": IS THERE A FRENCH SCHOOL OF ORGANIZATIONAL INSTITUTIONALISM? ABSTRACT This paper highlights overlap and differences between Convention Theory and New Organizational Institutionalism and thus states the strong case for profitable dialog. It shows how the former can facilitate new institutional approaches. First, convention theory rounds off the model of institutionalized action by turning the spotlight to the role of evaluation in the coordination effort. -
Intentionality in Kant and Wittgensetin
Journal of Undergraduate Research at Minnesota State University, Mankato Volume 6 Article 5 2006 Intentionality in Kant and Wittgensetin Ryan Feldbrugge Minnesota State University, Mankato Follow this and additional works at: https://cornerstone.lib.mnsu.edu/jur Part of the Philosophy Commons Recommended Citation Feldbrugge, Ryan (2006) "Intentionality in Kant and Wittgensetin," Journal of Undergraduate Research at Minnesota State University, Mankato: Vol. 6 , Article 5. Available at: https://cornerstone.lib.mnsu.edu/jur/vol6/iss1/5 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Undergraduate Research Center at Cornerstone: A Collection of Scholarly and Creative Works for Minnesota State University, Mankato. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Undergraduate Research at Minnesota State University, Mankato by an authorized editor of Cornerstone: A Collection of Scholarly and Creative Works for Minnesota State University, Mankato. Feldbrugge: Intentionality in Kant and Wittgensetin INTENTIONALITY IN KANT AND WITTGENSTEIN Ryan Feldbrugge (Philosophy) Dr. Richard Liebendorfer, Faculty Mentor, Philosophy How is thought about and experience of a world possible? This has been the framing question of the present work and it is generally understood as the problem of intentionality. The more specific problem dealt with has been whether or not intentionality has an internal structure that can be made explicit through science, particularly cognitive science. In his Critique of Pure Reason, Immanuel Kant outlines an internal, mental structure that, when imposed on our sensory data, makes thought about and experience of a world possible, which can be viewed as highly anticipatory of modern cognitive science. On the other hand, there are a number of philosophers who have it that the structure of intentionality cannot be made explicit nor can it be understood within science, notably Ludwig Wittgenstein. -
The Meaning of Language
01:615:201 Introduction to Linguistic Theory Adam Szczegielniak The Meaning of Language Copyright in part: Cengage learning The Meaning of Language • When you know a language you know: • When a word is meaningful or meaningless, when a word has two meanings, when two words have the same meaning, and what words refer to (in the real world or imagination) • When a sentence is meaningful or meaningless, when a sentence has two meanings, when two sentences have the same meaning, and whether a sentence is true or false (the truth conditions of the sentence) • Semantics is the study of the meaning of morphemes, words, phrases, and sentences – Lexical semantics: the meaning of words and the relationships among words – Phrasal or sentential semantics: the meaning of syntactic units larger than one word Truth • Compositional semantics: formulating semantic rules that build the meaning of a sentence based on the meaning of the words and how they combine – Also known as truth-conditional semantics because the speaker’ s knowledge of truth conditions is central Truth • If you know the meaning of a sentence, you can determine under what conditions it is true or false – You don’ t need to know whether or not a sentence is true or false to understand it, so knowing the meaning of a sentence means knowing under what circumstances it would be true or false • Most sentences are true or false depending on the situation – But some sentences are always true (tautologies) – And some are always false (contradictions) Entailment and Related Notions • Entailment: one sentence entails another if whenever the first sentence is true the second one must be true also Jack swims beautifully. -
2. Aristotle's Concept of the State
Page No.13 2. Aristotle's concept of the state Olivera Z. Mijuskovic Full Member International Association of Greek Philosophy University of Athens, Greece ORCID iD: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5950-7146 URL: http://worldphilosophynetwork.weebly.com E-Mail: [email protected] Abstract: In contrast to a little bit utopian standpoint offered by Plato in his teachings about the state or politeia where rulers aren`t “in love with power but in virtue”, Aristotle's teaching on the same subject seems very realistic and pragmatic. In his most important writing in this field called "Politics", Aristotle classified authority in the form of two main parts: the correct authority and moose authority. In this sense, correct forms of government are 1.basileus, 2.aristocracy and 3.politeia. These forms of government are based on the common good. Bad or moose forms of government are those that are based on the property of an individual or small governmental structures and they are: 1.tiranny, 2.oligarchy and 3.democracy. Also, Aristotle's political thinking is not separate from the ethical principles so he states that the government should be reflected in the true virtue that is "law" or the "golden mean". Keywords: Government; stat; , virtue; democracy; authority; politeia; golden mean. Vol. 4 No. 4 (2016) Issue- December ISSN 2347-6869 (E) & ISSN 2347-2146 (P) Aristotle's concept of the state by Olivera Z. Mijuskovic Page no. 13-20 Page No.14 Aristotle's concept of the state 1.1. Aristotle`s “Politics” Politics in its defined form becomes affirmed by the ancient Greek world. -
Does Social Reality Widen the Intention-Behavior Gap?
When Intentions Go Public Does Social Reality Widen the Intention-Behavior Gap? Peter M. Gollwitzer,1,2 Paschal Sheeran,3 Verena Michalski,2 and Andrea E. Seifert2 1New York University, 2UniversitdJ Konstanz, and 3University of Sheffield ABSTRACT-Based on Lewiniangoal theory in general and countability-related features of the audience (e.g., competence, self-completion theory in particular, four experiments ex power) and the individual (e.g., identifiability, expectations of amined the implications of other people taking notice of having to explain oneself) affect the strength of public-com one~ identity-related behavioral intentions (e.g., the in mitment effects. tention to read law periodicals regularly to reach the Both of these lines of research focus on intentions in which the identity goal of becoming a lawyer). Identity-related be specified behavior is a desired outcome in and of itself. Lewin havioral intentions that had been noticed by other people (1926) and his colleagues (e.g., Mahler, 1935; Ovsiankina, were translated into action less intensively than those that 1928), however, argued that people often construe behavioral had been ignored (Studies 1-3). This effect was evident in intentions in more general terms, thus allowing substitution of the field (persistent striving over 1 week~time; Study 1) means for attainment. For instance, consider a student who has and in the laboratory (jumping on opportunities to act; started an assigned math task with the intention to successfully Studies 2 and 3), and it held among participants with solve the required addition problems. During the process, this strong but not weak commitment to the identity goal (Study student may construe the intention as being to demonstrate 3). -
Guide on Article 9 of the European Convention on Human Rights
Guide on Article 9 of the European Convention on Human Rights Freedom of thought, Conscience and religion Updated on 30 April 2021 This Guide has been prepared by the Registry and does not bind the Court. Guide on Article 9 of the Convention – Freedom of thought, conscience and religion Publishers or organisations wishing to translate and/or reproduce all or part of this report in the form of a printed or electronic publication are invited to contact [email protected] for information on the authorisation procedure. If you wish to know which translations of the Case-Law Guides are currently under way, please see Pending translations. This Guide was originally drafted in French. It is updated regularly and, most recently, on 30 April 2021. It may be subject to editorial revision. The Case-Law Guides are available for downloading at www.echr.coe.int (Case-law – Case-law analysis – Case-law guides). For publication updates please follow the Court’s Twitter account at https://twitter.com/ECHR_CEDH. © Council of Europe/European Court of Human Rights, 2021 European Court of Human Rights 2/99 Last update: 30.04.2021 Guide on Article 9 of the Convention – Freedom of thought, conscience and religion Table of contents Note to readers .............................................................................................. 5 Introduction ................................................................................................... 6 I. General principles and applicability ........................................................... 8 A. The importance of Article 9 of the Convention in a democratic society and the locus standi of religious bodies ............................................................................................................ 8 B. Convictions protected under Article 9 ........................................................................................ 8 C. The right to hold a belief and the right to manifest it .............................................................. 11 D. -
Expressions of Mind/Body Dualism in Thinspiration
MIND OVER MATTER: EXPRESSIONS OF MIND/BODY DUALISM IN THINSPIRATION Annamarie O’Brien A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate College of Bowling Green State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS August 2013 Committee: Dr. Marilyn Motz, Advisor Dr. Rebecca Kinney Dr. Jeremy Wallach © 2013 Annamarie O’Brien All Rights Reserved iii ABSTRACT Dr. Marilyn Motz, Advisor Thinspiration images, meant to inspire weight-loss, proliferate online through platforms that encourage the circulation of user-generated content. Despite numerous alarmist critiques in mass media about thinspiration and various academic studies investigating ‘pro-anorexia’ sites, surprisingly little attention has been given to the processes of creation and the symbolic potential of thinspiration. This thesis analyzes the formal hybridity of thinspiration, and its use as an expressive medium. The particularities of thinspiration (including its visual characteristics, creative processes, and exhibition) may be considered carefully constructed instances of self- representation, hinging on the expression of beliefs regarding the mind and body. While these beliefs are deeply entrenched in popular body management discourse, they also tend to rely on traditional dualist ideologies. Rather than simply emphasizing slenderness or reiterating standard assumptions about beauty, thinspiration often evokes pain and sadness, and employs truisms about the transcendence of flesh and rebellion against social constraints. By harnessing individualist discourse and the values of mind/body dualism, thinspiration becomes a space in which people struggling with disordered eating and body image issues may cast themselves as active agents—contrary to the image of eating disorders proffered by popular and medical discourse. iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First, I would like to thank my thesis committee chair, Dr. -
And Aristotle's Concept of Education in 'Politics' Plato'nun 'Cumhur
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE Eğitim ve Bilim Education and Science 2011, Cilt 36, Sayı 162 2011, Vol. 36, No 162 Plato’s Concept of Education in ‘Republic’ and Aristotle’s Concept of Education in ‘Politics’ Plato’nun ‘Cumhuriyet’ ve Aristo’nun ‘Politika‘ Adlı Eserlerinde Eğitim Kavramı Selahattin TURAN* Osmangazi Üniversitesi Abstract The purpose of this study was to analyze Plato’s and Aristotle’s concepts of education. The study focuses on Plato’s educational thoughts in Republic and Aristotle’s theory of education in Politics. Since Plato’s thoughts are rather philosophical in a way that they do not involve many practical applications to schooling, Aristotle’s thoughts on education are emphasized within the scope of this study. The results of the study indicate that virtue plays an important role in creating a virtuous society. In order to create a virtuous society, we need to educate the body, desires, soul and reason of the individual. Keywords: Philosophy of education, concept of education, history of thought. Öz Bu araştırmanın amacı, Plato’nun ‘Cumhuriyet’ ve Aristo’nun ‘Politika’ adlı eserlerinde yer alan eğitim ile ilgili temel kavramları ve görüşleri incelemektir. Teorik ve tarihsel karşılaştırmaya dayalı bu araştırmada, Aristo’nun ‘Politika’ adlı eserine vurgu yapılmış ve eğitim kavramı ana hatlarıyla irdelenmiştir. Çalışmada, erdemli bir toplum oluşturabilmek için erdemli insanlar yetiştirmek gerektiği ve bunu gerçekleştirmek için kişinin akıl, beden ve arzularının eğitilebileceği fikri tartışılmıştır. Anahtar Sözcükler: Eğitim felsefesi, eğitim kavramı, düşünce tarihi. Introduction The meaning and philosophical foundations of education have been analyzed from different perspectives over the years (Barrow, 1975; Chambliss, 1971; Ebenstein, 1969; Lodge, 1947; McClintock; Williams, 1903). -
Pragmatic Reasoning and Semantic Convention: a Case Study on Gradable Adjectives*
Pragmatic Reasoning and Semantic Convention: A Case Study on Gradable Adjectives* Ming Xiang, Christopher Kennedy, Weijie Xu and Timothy Leffel University of Chicago Abstract Gradable adjectives denote properties that are relativized to contextual thresholds of application: how long an object must be in order to count as long in a context of utterance depends on what the threshold is in that context. But thresholds are variable across contexts and adjectives, and are in general uncertain. This leads to two questions about the meanings of gradable adjectives in particular contexts of utterance: what truth conditions are they understood to introduce, and what information are they taken to communicate? In this paper, we consider two kinds of answers to these questions, one from semantic theory, and one from Bayesian pragmatics, and assess them relative to human judgments about truth and communicated information. Our findings indicate that although the Bayesian accounts accurately model human judgments about what is communicated, they do not capture human judgments about truth conditions unless also supplemented with the threshold conventions postulated by semantic theory. Keywords: Gradable adjectives, Bayesian pragmatics, context dependence, semantic uncer- tainty 1 Introduction 1.1 Gradable adjectives and threshold uncertainty Gradable adjectives are predicative expressions whose semantic content is based on a scalar concept that supports orderings of the objects in their domains. For example, the gradable adjectives long and short order relative to height; heavy and light order relative to weight, and so on. Non-gradable adjectives like digital and next, on the other hand, are not associated with a scalar concept, at least not grammatically. -
Convention on the Rights of the Child
Convention on the Rights of the Child Adopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession by General Assembly resolution 44/25 of 20 November 1989 entry into force 2 September 1990, in accordance with article 49 Preamble The States Parties to the present Convention, Considering that, in accordance with the principles proclaimed in the Charter of the United Nations, recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world, Bearing in mind that the peoples of the United Nations have, in the Charter, reaffirmed their faith in fundamental human rights and in the dignity and worth of the human person, and have determined to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom, Recognizing that the United Nations has, in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and in the International Covenants on Human Rights, proclaimed and agreed that everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth therein, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status, Recalling that, in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the United Nations has proclaimed that childhood is entitled to special care and assistance, Convinced that the family, as the fundamental group of society and the natural environment for the growth and well-being of all its members and particularly children, should be afforded -
Lewis on Conventions and Meaning
Lewis on conventions and meaning phil 93914 Jeff Speaks April 3, 2008 Lewis (1975) takes the conventions in terms of which meaning can be analyzed to be conventions of truthfulness and trust in a language. His account may be adapted to state an analysis of a sentence having a given meaning in a population as follows: x means p in a population G≡df (1a) ordinarily, if a member of G utters x, the speaker believes p, (1b) ordinarily, if a member of G hears an utterance of x, he comes to believe p, unless he already believed this, (2) members of G believe that (1a) and (1b) are true, (3) the expectation that (1a) and (1b) will continue to be true gives members of G a good reason to continue to utter x only if they believe p, and to expect the same of other members of G, (4) there is among the members of G a general preference for people to continue to conform to regularities (1a) and (1b) (5) there is an alternative regularity to (1a) and (1b) which is such that its being generally conformed to by some members of G would give other speakers reason to conform to it (6) all of these facts are mutually known by members of G Some objections: • Clause (5) should be dropped, because, as Burge (1975) argued, this clause makes Lewis's conditions on linguistic meaning too strong. Burge pointed out that (5) need not be mutually known by speakers for them to speak a meaningful language. Consider, for example, the case in which speakers believe that there is no possible language other than their own, and hence that there is no alternative regularity to (1a) and (1b). -
INTUITION .THE PHILOSOPHY of HENRI BERGSON By
THE RHYTHM OF PHILOSOPHY: INTUITION ·ANI? PHILOSO~IDC METHOD IN .THE PHILOSOPHY OF HENRI BERGSON By CAROLE TABOR FlSHER Bachelor Of Arts Taylor University Upland, Indiana .. 1983 Submitted ~o the Faculty of the Graduate College of the · Oklahoma State University in partial fulfi11ment of the requirements for . the Degree of . Master of Arts May, 1990 Oklahoma State. Univ. Library THE RHY1HM OF PlllLOSOPHY: INTUITION ' AND PfnLoSOPlllC METHOD IN .THE PHILOSOPHY OF HENRI BERGSON Thesis Approved: vt4;;. e ·~lu .. ·~ests AdVIsor /l4.t--OZ. ·~ ,£__ '', 13~6350' ii · ,. PREFACE The writing of this thesis has bee~ a tiring, enjoyable, :Qustrating and challenging experience. M.,Bergson has introduced me to ·a whole new way of doing . philosophy which has put vitality into the process. I have caught a Bergson bug. His vision of a collaboration of philosophers using his intuitional m~thod to correct, each others' work and patiently compile a body of philosophic know: ledge is inspiring. I hope I have done him justice in my description of that vision. If I have succeeded and that vision catches your imagination I hope you Will make the effort to apply it. Please let me know of your effort, your successes and your failures. With the current challenges to rationalist epistemology, I believe the time has come to give Bergson's method a try. My discovery of Bergson is. the culmination of a development of my thought, one that started long before I began my work at Oklahoma State. However, there are some people there who deserv~. special thanks for awakening me from my ' "''' analytic slumber.