Analyse Comparative, Physiologique Et Moléculaire Des Effets De Trois

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Analyse Comparative, Physiologique Et Moléculaire Des Effets De Trois Analyse comparative, physiologique et moléculaire des effets de trois traitements masculinisants chez le tilapia du Nil, Oreochromis niloticus, et recherche de marqueurs de traçabilité liés à ces approches Christian Ouedraogo To cite this version: Christian Ouedraogo. Analyse comparative, physiologique et moléculaire des effets de trois traite- ments masculinisants chez le tilapia du Nil, Oreochromis niloticus, et recherche de marqueurs de traçabilité liés à ces approches. Biologie animale. Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2014. Français. NNT : 2014MON20048. tel-01334575 HAL Id: tel-01334575 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01334575 Submitted on 21 Jun 2016 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. ! ! ! Délivré par UNIVERSITE MONTPELLIER 2 Préparée au sein de l’école doctorale SIBAGHE Et de l’unité de recherche UMR 110 INTREPID Spécialité : Ecosystèmes et sciences agronomiques Présentée par Christian R. N. OUEDRAOGO Analyse comparative, physiologique et moléculaire des effets de trois traitements masculinisants chez le tilapia du Nil, Oreochromis niloticus , et recherche de marqueurs de traçabilité liés à ces approches Soutenue le 24/07/2014 devant le jury composé de M. Charles MELARD, Professeur, Université de Rapporteur Liège M. Alexis FOSTIER, Docteur, INRA Rennes Rapporteur Mme. Marina GOVOROUN, Docteur, INRA Examinatrice Tours M. Jehan Hervé LIGNOT, Professeur, Université Examinateur Montpellier 2 M. Jean-François BAROILLER, Docteur, CIRAD Directeur de thèse Je puis tout par celui qui me fortifie. Philippiens 4 :13 ! A mon épouse Rebecca ! ! Remerciements Je tiens à exprimer toute ma gratitude aux nombreuses qui ont contribué à rendre ce travail de recherche possible. Je voudrais commencer par remercier Jean-François Baroiller mon directeur de thèse pour m’avoir accueilli, formé, orienté et guidé tout au long de cette thèse. C’est un honneur de m’inscrire dans la liste des étudiants qui sont passés entre tes mains. Merci de m’avoir fait confiance en me laissant l’autonomie nécessaire pour réaliser ce projet auquel je tenais tant. Ce projet né au bord d’un étang dans une station d’aquaculture au Burkina et pour lequel j’ai dû attendre deux longues années. Merci de m’avoir permis de voyager et de prendre part à des congrès internationaux de hauts niveaux scientifiques dans mon domaine, et de m’avoir permis de rencontrer de nombreux chercheurs reconnus pour leurs contributions dans notre domaine d’expertise. Je tiens tout particulièrement à remercier Hélèna D’Cotta pour son encadrement, les nouveaux outils que j’ai acquis sous sa houlette. Moi qui me sentais si limité sans la « biomol » et maintenant je sais rechercher, suivre et surveiller l’expression d’un gène ! Et mieux, la présente thèse propose des scénarii de profiles d’expression. Merci infiniment. Merci pour ta patience. Je tiens à te dire merci de tout cœur pour les couverts que tu as mis à ma disposition dès mon arrivée jusqu’à la fin de mon séjour. J’en ai été très touché. Un énorme merci à Etienne Baras pour m’avoir guidé, épaulé et soutenu pendant ces longues années, même pendant les weekends et surtout avec l’aide de Dominique Caseau-Baras à qui je dis toute ma gratitude pour ses relectures et corrections en anglais et même pour être venue travailler avec Etienne et moi en weekend à peser mes précieux poissons. Merci beaucoup. Je remercie Marie-Laure Bégout et Xavier Cousin pour leur formation au marquage des poissons, et la prise en main du lecteur de RFID et du logiciel d’utilisation, mais aussi pour leurs conseils sur le comportement des poissons. Un grand merci à Béatrice Chatain pour ses précieux conseils et son soutien. Tes formations en statistiques m’ont permis une mise à jour et une meilleure anticipation sur les protocoles. J’exprime ici ma profonde gratitude aux membres du jury qui ont évalué ce travail. Les conseils et commentaires des rapporteurs Alexis Fostier et Charles Mélard permettront ! d’améliorer le manuscrit. Merci aux examinateurs Marina Govoroun et Jehan Hervé Lignot de me faire profiter de leur expérience et conseils. Je suis très reconnaissant de l’aide, des conseils et de l’amitié dont j’ai bénéficié dans mon laboratoire d’accueil INTREPID (Intensification Raisonnée et Ecologique pour une Pisciculture Durable) : Sur le site de Baillarguet et de Lavalette, j’ai pu m’appuyer et profiter de la compétence d’Elodie Pepey et de Marc Canonne. Merci pour votre amitié et votre présence. Je suis très reconnaissant à Brigitte Bournier qui m’a facilité la tache pour tout ce qui est administratif et même personnellement en me maternant, et en veillant à ce que tout se passe pour le mieux tant au travail que sur le plan privé. Je remercie Olivier Mikolasek pour son soutien et son amitié. Dès les premiers jours j’ai pu avoir des conseils et des orientations qui m’ont été utiles pour le reste de mon séjour en France. Merci de m’avoir invité dans ta belle maison et fait découvrir les beaux paysages des environs. Merci également à Marie-Raphaëlle Almin, Lucile Soler « co-thésardes » et maintenant amies pour leur soutien, l’aide à la garderie des poissons, au prélèvement d’organes etc. Vous m’avez permis de très vite avoir des repères dans Montpellier. Je remercie Samira qui avec Hélèna m’ont initié à des techniques de labo qui m’ont servi tout au long de ma thèse. Je remercie Frédéric Clota, Brigitte Sauret pour leur aide à la serre et leurs encouragements. Je remercie Denis Bastianelli, Laurent Bonnal, Elodie Baby, Martine Azzopardi pour leur disponibilité, leur soutien et l’accès à leurs installations pour mes manips. Je remercie également Anne Geiger et Iliassou pour leur soutien. Je ne saurais citer ici tous les noms, au risque d’en oublier, de tous mes co-équipiers de Volleyball à Baillarguet avec qui j’ai passé d’agréables pauses et développer de réelles amitiés. C’était un excellent tremplin pour me rencontrer et échanger avec des chercheurs de différents domaines et équipes. Sur le site de Palavas j’ai, à de multiples reprises, pu compter sur la disponibilité et les conseils de beaucoup de personnes. Je veux remercier ici Alain Vergnet, Philippe Cacot, Julie ! Colleter, Myriam Callier et Lionel Dabbadie qui spontanément répondaient favorablement à mes sollicitations, me transmettant parfois même pendant les weekends du matériel de marquage de poissons. Grand merci. Je remercie vivement « l’équipe IRD » : Marc Legendre, Jacques, Rémi Dugue, Christophe Cochet, pour les disponibilité à répondre à mes sollicitations : prise en main des logiciels d’analyse et de traitement d’images, de logiciels de traitement de données, des astreintes pour veiller sur mes précieux poissons, et de bien indispensables conseils de Marc Legendre pendant les reproductions artificielles. Merci infiniment. Je remercie vivement Hugues De Verdal pour ses conseils et analyses de données, ses encouragements et son amitié. Malgré la distance de ton lieu d’affectation et le décalage horaire, tu étais toujours présent et c’était un plaisir de rédiger les articles que nous avons écrits. Je tiens à exprimer ma gratitude aux stagiaires qui sont passés dans l’équipe pendant mon stage et qui n’ont jamais hésité à s’investir à mes côtés pour aider et apprendre aussi. Je veux remercier, Cédric Genieys, Nina Meilisza and Clémence Ménard Cédric pour leur aide pendant les manips de marquage à la serre. Je remercie Léa Monnier, Arnaud Gagnieu, Elia Ciani et Andreas Pessina pour les aides pendant les échantillonnages et la surveillance des aquariums. J’exprime ma profonde reconnaissance à Michele et Michel Barra, leurs filles Alice et Emilie Barra, Jérôme Antunes et l’adorable petite Emma et enfin Samuel Recouli pour leur amitié, leur soutien et leurs encouragements. J’ai trouvé chez vous ici en France l’accueil, l’affection et l’assistance de tous les instants comme un membre à part entière de votre famille. Merci du fond du cœur, je n’oublierai jamais ce que vous avez fait pour moi et ma douce épouse Rébécca. Je remercie tout particulièrement Alice Barra pour les belles illustrations des chapitres et parties de cette thèse. Je remercie la famille Meunier et conjoints pour leurs encouragements : Alain, Jacqueline, Caroline, Sandra, Arnaud, Hervé, Anthony. Grand merci à mes amis pour leur soutien et encouragements : Anthony Fadat, Rémi Phan, Fabien Pinard, Fabien et Odile, Forest Finbow, Ludivine et Eddy, Nicolas et Aurore, Cécilia ! et Jef, Claire, Isabelle et François Rixte ; Samuel et Marion Rixte, Elodie Rixte, les membres de mes clubs de volleyball à Clapiers et au VLM. Vous avez contribué à rendre mon séjour plus agréable. Merci également de m’avoir introduit dans vos cercles d’amis, j’y ai trouvé de bons amis. J’ai bénéficié d’une bourse de la coopération française pour entreprendre cette thèse. Sans cela, cette thèse n’aurait pas été possible. J’exprime ma vive reconnaissance et ma gratitude à l’ambassade de France au Burkina Faso pour avoir investi pour l’avenir et pour tout ce qu’elle fait pour la formation des étudiants burkinabè. Il est opportun de rappeler ici que cette thèse n’aurait pas eu lieu sans la confiance, l’amitié et l’aide de François Gaudeau qui n’a pas hésité à mettre tout en œuvre, humainement et financièrement, pour la réalisation de ce projet.
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