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A Checklist of Known Ant Species of Laos (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

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A Checklist of Known Ant Species of Laos (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/308321938 A checklist of known ant species of Laos (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Article in Asian Myrmecology · September 2016 CITATIONS READS 0 14 5 authors, including: Weeyawat Jaitrong Natural History Museum of the Nation… 44 PUBLICATIONS 155 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Available from: Weeyawat Jaitrong Retrieved on: 05 October 2016 ASIAN MYRMECOLOGY Volume 8, 1 – 32, 2016 DOI: 10.20362/am.008019 ISSN 1985-1944 © Weeyawat Jaitrong, Benoit Guénard, Evan P. Economo, Published online ahead of print Nopparat Buddhakala and Seiki Yamane A Checklist of known ant species of Laos (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Weeyawat Jaitrong1, Benoit Guénard2, Evan P. Economo3, Nopparat Buddhakala4 and Seiki Yamane5* 1 Thailand Natural History Museum, National Science Museum, Technopolis, Khlong 5, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120 Thailand E-mail: [email protected] 2 School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China 3 Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan 4 Biology Divisions, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala Univer- sity of Technology Tanyaburi, Pathum Thani 12120 Thailand E-mail: [email protected] 5 Kagoshima University Museum, Korimoto 1-21-30, Kagoshima-shi, 890-0065 Japan *Corresponding author’s email: [email protected] ABSTRACT. Laos is one of the most undersampled areas for ant biodiversity. We begin to address this knowledge gap by presenting the first checklist of Laotian ants. The list is based on a literature review and on specimens col- lected from several localities in Laos. In total, 123 species with three additional subspecies in 47 genera belonging to nine subfamilies are listed, including 62 species recorded for the first time in the country. Comparisons with neighboring countries suggest that this list is still very incomplete. The provincial distribu- tion of ants within Laos also show that most species recorded are from Vien- tiane Province, the central part of Laos while the majority of other provinces have received very little, if any, ant sampling. Many ant specimens collected from Laos are awaiting identification and future collections should provide many new species records. Keywords: Formicidae, ants, checklist, new records, Laos INTRODUCTION al. 2015), the ants of Laos are largely unknown. A recent global analysis of gaps in our knowledge Laos People’s Democratic Republic (Laos) is a of ant biodiversity identified Laos as one of the landlocked country located in Southeast Asia least known countries in the world (Guénard et al. which borders China, Vietnam, Myanmar, Cam- 2012), thus placing it as a top priority for ant bio- bodia and Thailand. Although ant faunas are now diversity research. Santschi (1920b) first report- known to some extent in several areas in South- ed 28 ant species from several localities in this east Asia (e.g. China: Guénard & Dunn 2012; country. Over the following century, only a few Vietnam: Eguchi et al. 2011; Thailand: Jaitrong species of ants have been described and added in & Nabhitabhata 2005; Cambodia: Hosoishi et al. the country (e.g. Ward 2001; Dill 2002; Roncin 2013; Borneo: Pfeiffer et al. 2011; Yunnan: Liu et & Deharveng 2003; Bolton 2007; Jaitrong et al. 2 Weeyawat Jaitrong, Benoit Guénard, Evan P. Economo, Nopparat Buddhakala & Seiki Yamane 2011; Yamane & Jaitrong 2011; Jaitrong & Ya- Hosoishi & Ogata 2016). Furthermore, Dr. Stefan mane 2013; Laciny et al. 2015; Hosoishi & Ogata P. Cover of the Museum of Comparative Zool- 2016); and currently, only 61 species have been ogy, Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A. (MCZC) listed. kindly offered us records of specimens of some We sought to increase knowledge of the species collected by David Pick in Laos that were ant fauna in Laos by compiling data on ant geo- identified and managed by Dr. Cover. graphic distributions from a review of literature, Supposed biological species (not iden- and through new field surveys during 1997-2015. tified as known species) are not included in the With this material we present the first preliminary list. Species validity, spelling and authority have checklist of the known ant species from the coun- been checked in Bolton’s Synopsis of the Formi- try in order to encourage future research on ants cidae and Catalogue of Ants of the World (Bolton and biodiversity conservation in the region. 2015). The list is arranged alphabetically by sub- family, genus and species. Material examined and distributions are given for the listed species. MATERIALS AND METHODS The species previously recorded from Laos are marked with “*”. The checklist was assembled through literature/ data compilation, in addition to new field surveys. The data compilation included records from the RESULTS AND DISCUSSION GABI database, which includes data from over 8670 publications and other existing databases In the present paper, 123 named species and addi- (e.g. Antweb 2015), with species distribution tional three subspecies are listed for 47 genera be- available for visualization through the website longing to nine subfamilies from Laos (Table 1). antmaps.org (Janicki et al. 2016). Separately, in- Among them, 62 species are recorded for the first formation given by other websites available (e.g. time in the country. The most speciose subfam- Antwiki) were also added here. ily is the Myrmicinae with around 37 percent of In addition, an extensive collection was all genera and 30 percent of all species, followed acquired from several localities in Laos which are by Formicinae, Ponerinae, Dolichoderinae and now deposited in the Natural History Museum of Dorylinae respectively (see Table 1). Worldwide, National Science Museum, Thailand (THNHM) currently 16 subfamilies, 327 genera and 15,050 and Seiki Yamane’s Collection at Kitakyushu species are known in Formicidae, excluding fos- Museum of Natural History and Human His- sil taxa (Bolton, 2015). Thus, to date the record tory, Japan (SKYC). Most specimens were col- in Laos covers only 0.8 percent of all known ant lected by Weeyawat Jaitrong and Seiki Yamane species in the world, though this may in part be from two sites within Vientiane Province during a result of the incompleteness of investigation. May and June 2010. The first site was in Sivilay Our material contains many other species identi- Village (18ᵒ15/N, 102ᵒ27/E, ca. 200 m alt.), Nax- fied only at the genus level; and thus the num- aythong District, located approximately 20 km ber of species is likely to increase once these northwest of Vientiane City. The second site was are identified. The genera collected for which in Phang Dang Village (18ᵒ14/N, 103ᵒ01/E, ca. no species could be identified are: Aphaenogas- 500 m alt.), Pak Ngum District, approximately ter, Calyptomyrmex, Hypoponera, Nylanderia, 30 km northeast of Vientiane City. Specimens Paraparatrechina, Philidris, Plagiolepis, Pre- collected in various parts of the country by Mr. nolepis, Pseudolasius, Rhopalomastix, Strumige- Haruo Fukuda and Dr. Yukino Ochiai were also nys and Vollenhovia. As a result, 58 genera have examined. The specimens were identified by W. been recorded from Laos for now. Many other Jaitrong and Sk. Yamane using identification genera widespread in the region (e.g. Acantho- keys created for other Southeast Asian ants (e.g. myrmex, Buniapone, Chronoxenus, Cryptopone, Ward 2001; Bolton 2007; Eguchi 2008; Hosoi- Dilobocondyla, Discothyrea, Emeryopone, Gau- shi & Ogata 2009a; Jaitrong & Yamane 2011; romyrmex, Gesomyrmex, Kartidris, Lepisiota, Jaitrong et al. 2011; Schmidt & Shattuck 2014; Leptanilla, Lordomyrma, Mesoponera, Myopias, A Checklist of known ant species of Laos (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) 3 Table 1. Numbers and percentages of named species and genera recorded for each subfamily from Laos. Subfamilies No. of genera % No. of species % Amblyoponinae 1 2.2 1 0.8 Dolichoderinae 4 8.7 13 10.6 Dorylinae 3 6.5 10 8.1 Ectatomminae 1 2.2 2 1.6 Formicinae 7 15.2 33 26.8 Myrmicinae 17 37.0 37 30.0 Ponerinae 11 23.9 20 16.3 Proceratiinae 1 2.2 1 0.8 Pseudomyrmecinae 1 2.2 6 4.9 Total 46 100 123 100 Fig. 1. Known species diversity in the eighteen Laotian provinces: 1) Phongsali, 2) Luang Namtha, 3) Bokeo, 4) Oudomxay, 5) Luang Prabang, 6) Houaphan, 7) Sayabouly, 8) Vientiane capital & province, 9) Xaisomboun, 10) Xieng Khouang, 11) Bolikgamsai, 12) Khammouane, 13) Savannakhet, 14) Salavan, 15) Sekong, 16) Attapeu, 17) Champasak. and collaborators 4 Weeyawat Jaitrong, Benoit Guénard, Evan P. Economo, Nopparat Buddhakala & Seiki Yamane Myrmecina, Myrmicaria, Myrmoteras, Mystrium, not been confirmed. For example, the common Parvaponera, Ponera, Proatta, Proceratium, Si- species, e.g. Monomorium chinense Santschi, mopone, Stigmatomma, Syllophopsis, Vombisid- 1925, Ectomomyrmex astuta (F. Smith, 1858) (= ris) are expected in Laos. The predicted final fig- Pachycondyla astuta), and Pheidole pieli Sants- ure for Laos is between 64 and 78 genera, based chi, 1925, are recorded from China, Vietnam and on an earlier study by Guénard and collaborators. Thailand (Eguchi et al. 2005; Jaitrong & Nab- (2012). hitabhata 2005; Guénard & Dunn 2012), but not The most speciose and commonly en- from Laos. However, it is likely that this distribu- countered genera are Polyrhachis (19 species), tion gap exists due to incompleteness of sampling Camponotus (8), Aenictus (7), Crematogaster in the country. (7), Tetramorium (6), Dolichoderus (5), Tech-
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