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Economics Working Paper 99-04. Adoption and Use of Improved
E C O N O M I C S Working Paper 99-04 Adoption and Use of Improved Maize by Small-Scale Farmers in Southeast Guatemala Gustavo Saín and Julio Martínez* * Gustavo Saín is Regional Economist for Central America and the Caribbean with CIMMYT. Julio Martínez is an economist with the Instituto de Ciencias y Tecnologías Agropecuarias (ICTA) de Guatemala. The views represented in this paper are those of the authors and do not represent the official views of CIMMYT. CIMMYT (www.cimmyt.mx or www.cimmyt.cgiar.org) is an internationally funded, nonprofit scientific research and training organization. Headquartered in Mexico, the Center works with agricultural research institutions worldwide to improve the productivity, profitability, and sustainability of maize and wheat systems for poor farmers in developing countries. It is one of 16 similar centers supported by the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR). The CGIAR comprises over 55 partner countries, international and regional organizations, and private foundations. It is co-sponsored by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (World Bank), the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). Financial support for CIMMYT’s research agenda also comes from many other sources, including foundations, development banks, and public and private agencies. CIMMYT supports Future Harvest, a public awareness campaign that builds understanding about the importance of agricultural issues and international agricultural research. Future Harvest links respected research institutions, influential public figures, and leading agricultural scientists to underscore the wider social benefits of improved agriculture—peace, prosperity, environmental renewal, health, and the alleviation of human suffering (www.futureharvest.org). -
The Vision Team Experience
THE VISION TEAM EXPERIENCE TRAVEL. VOLUNTEER. LEARN. GROW. GUATEMALA ¡BIENVENIDO! WELCOME! So you have decided to come to Guatemala to work hard and open your heart to something new? A few years ago I decided to do the same, as a way to learn more about Guatemala and give back to the country where my children were born. Little did I know that life would eventually lead me to serve thousands of Guatemalan children who struggle in poverty—children just like my own. So, a warning. This could get under your skin and into your heart. It started when I joined a Common Hope Vision Team. We built a house for a single mother of two, who had worked more than 200 hours to earn her new home. We dug ditches and sewed curtains. We packed school supplies with high school kids. And we were invited to visit with families in their homes. The images of those houses with their cornstalk walls and dirt floors stuck with me. It was then that I finally realized the everyday reality of poverty. I came home and suddenly saw all of the abundance around me. I realized how much we have as Americans and gained a new appreciation for daily conveniences like dependable running water. At first I was overwhelmed with the privilege that comes with being born in a rich country. Now I understand it as a blessing because I can use my privilege to help families who are no different than yours or mine except they were born into a life of poverty. -
Maize Genetic Resources of Highland Guatemala in Space and Time
Seeds, hands, and lands Maize genetic resources of highland Guatemala in space and time Promotoren Prof. dr. P. Richards Hoogleraar Technologie en Agrarische Ontwikkeling Wageningen Universiteit Prof. dr. ir. A.K. Bregt Hoogleraar Geo-informatiekunde Wageningen Universiteit Co-promotoren Dr. ir. S. de Bruin Universitair docent, Centrum voor Geo-Informatie Wageningen Universiteit Dr. ir. H. Maat Universitair docent, leerstoelgroep Technologie en Agrarische Ontwikkeling Wageningen Universiteit Promotiecommissie Dr. E.F. Fischer (Vanderbilt University, Nashville, USA) Dr. ir. Th.J.L. van Hintum (Centrum voor Genetische Bronnen Nederland, Wageningen) Prof. dr. L.E. Visser (Wageningen Universiteit) Prof. dr. K.S. Zimmerer (University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA) Dit onderzoek is uitgevoerd binnen CERES Research School for Resource Studies for Development en C.T. de Wit Graduate School for Production Ecology and Resource Conservation. Seeds, hands, and lands Maize genetic resources of highland Guatemala in space and time Jacob van Etten Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor op gezag van de rector magnificus van Wageningen Universiteit, prof. dr. M.J. Kropff, in het openbaar te verdedigen op woensdag 11 oktober 2006 des namiddags te vier uur in de Aula © Jacob van Etten, except Chapter 2 Keywords: plant genetic resources, Guatemala, maize ISBN: 90-8504-485-5 Cover design: Marisa Rappard For Laura and Hanna Acknowledgments This work was financially supported by Wageningen University and Research Centre through the CERES Research School for Resource Studies for Human Development and through the C.T. de Wit Graduate School for Production Ecology and Resource Conservation. I am grateful for having such good supervisors, who advised me on crucial points but also allowed me much freedom. -
Fiscal Policy, Inequality and the Ethnic Divide in Guatemala”* Maynor Cabrera (Fedes), Nora Lustig (Tulane University) and Hilcías E
“Fiscal Policy, Inequality and the Ethnic Divide in Guatemala”* Maynor Cabrera (Fedes), Nora Lustig (Tulane University) and Hilcías E. Morán (Bank of Guatemala) CEQ Working Paper No. 20 October 2014 Abstract Guatemala is one of the most unequal countries in Latin America and has the highest incidence of poverty. The indigenous population is more than twice as likely of being poor than the nonindigenous group. Fiscal incidence analysis based on the 2009-2010 National Survey of Family Income and Expenditures shows that taxes and transfers do almost nothing to reduce inequality and poverty overall or along ethnic and rural-urban lines. Persistently low tax revenues are the main limiting factor. Tax revenues are not only low but also regressive. Consumption taxes are regressive enough to offset the benefits of cash transfers: poverty after taxes and cash transfers is higher than market income poverty. Keywords: inequality, poverty, ethnic divide, fiscal incidence, taxes, social spending, Guatemala JEL Codes: D31, H22, I14 _________________________ * An earlier version of this paper was presented at the conference “Commitment to Equity: Fiscal Policy and Income Redistribution in Latin America” held at Tulane University, October 17-18, 2013. The authors are grateful to conference participants for very useful comments. The study for Guatemala is part of the Commitment to Equity (CEQ) project. Led by Nora Lustig since 2008, the CEQ is a joint initiative of the Center for Inter-American Policy and the Department of Economics, Tulane University and the Inter-American Dialogue. The study for Guatemala has been partially funded by the Gender and Diversity Division of the Inter-American Development Bank. -
Department of Anthropology Summer 2016 Kaprielian Hall Course Syllabus 3620 S
Department of Anthropology Summer 2016 Kaprielian Hall Course Syllabus 3620 S. Vermont Ave., Ste. 352 University Park Campus University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA 90089 ANTHROPOLOGY 400 – MAYA RESILIENCE: CONSTRUCTING PAST AND PRESENT IDENTITIES Dr. Thomas G. Garrison Phone: (213) 740-1902 Email: [email protected] Office: AHF B40 Class Meeting Pre-trip: MW 5:30-6:30 in April Course Description This Problems Without Passport course studies how the Maya people of Central America have forged a strong cultural identity in both the past and present. Archaeology has played an important role in these processes. On the one hand, data recovered from archaeological investigations teaches about the ancient Maya and their once great city-states. On the other hand, the modern Maya use the reconstructed, "tourist attraction" ruins as symbols of the antiquity of their cultural heritage and their connection to the lands now controlled by modern Guatemala. Through visits to archaeological sites, museums, and Maya communities students will engage with the complexities of issues relating to the frequently conflicting interests of indigenous cultural heritage and national economic development. Recommended Preparation No previous preparation is required for this course, but ANTH 202g, 140g, 310, 314g or another anthropology based archaeology course would be helpful. Introduction, Objectives, and Outcomes Archaeological sites are tourist attractions throughout the world. From the pillared, marble buildings of ancient Greece to the majestic temples of Angkor Wat in Cambodia, consolidated ruins represent a major tourism draw and source of revenue for countries whose borders contain dense numbers of ancient sites. In Latin America, for countries such as Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, Honduras, Peru, and Bolivia archaeological tourism is a centerpiece for advertising campaigns encouraging international visitors. -
OPTICS and the CULTURE of MODERNITY in GUATEMALA CITY SINCE the LIBERAL REFORMS a Thesis Submitted to the College of Graduate St
OPTICS AND THE CULTURE OF MODERNITY IN GUATEMALA CITY SINCE THE LIBERAL REFORMS A Thesis Submitted to the College of Graduate Studies and Research In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy In the Department of History University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon By MICHAEL D. KIRKPATRICK © Michael D. Kirkpatrick, September 2013. All rights reserved. Permission to Use In presenting this thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a postgraduate degree from the University of Saskatchewan, I agree that the libraries of this University may make it freely available for inspection. I further agree that permission for copying of this thesis in any manner, in whole or in part, for scholarly purposes may be granted by the professor or professors who supervised my thesis work or, in their absence, by the department Head of the Department or the Dean of the College in which my thesis work was done. It is understood that any copy or publication use of this thesis or parts thereof for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. It is also understood that due recognition shall be given to me and to the University of Saskatchewan in any use which may be made of any material in my thesis. i ABSTRACT In the years after the Liberal Reforms of the 1870s, the capitalization of coffee production and buttressing of coercive labour regimes in rural Guatemala brought huge amounts of surplus capital to Guatemala City. Individual families—either invested in land or export houses—and the state used this newfound wealth to transform and beautify the capital, effectively inaugurating the modern era in the last decades of the nineteenth century. -
Lesson Plan – the Geography of Guatemala
LESSON 1 LHM— LUTHERAN HOUR GUATEMALA MINISTRIES Curriculum LHM – GUATEMALA Lesson 1 – The Geography of Guatemala The Land of Guatemala God has given the people of Guatemala a very beautiful and unique country. It is the westernmost country of the seven countries that make up Central America. Central America is an isthmus—a narrow strip of land which connects two larger bodies of land—and it connects North America to South America. Guatemala covers 42,042 square mile and is approximately the size of Tennessee. Though Guatemala lies close to the equator, the climate varies across the country due to extreme variations in elevation. Its nickname, “Land of Eternal Spring,” was given to the area around Guatemala City (the capital) because of the comfortably warm days and cool nights. About two-thirds of the total land area of Guatemala is covered by mountains. The main range is the Sierra Madre, which runs east to west across the country and is parallel to the Pacific Ocean in the south. Some of the mountains are active volcanoes. Earthquakes also occur. In 1976 an earthquake was responsible for more than 20,000 deaths and left millions homeless. The area of land between the mountains and the southern coast is the Pacific Lowland. This stretch of land measures about 50 miles wide and is home to sugar and cotton plantations, ranches, and farms. The Northern Plain has the fewest inhabitants and is the least developed part of the country. Much of the land is covered with tropical forests. Woods such as mahogany are found in abundance, but rough terrain makes travel and living conditions in this area difficult. -
Functions of the Offices in the Banco De Guatemala
FUNCTIONS OF THE OFFICES IN THE BANCO DE GUATEMALA Following is a general description of the functions for the different offices in the institution and which constitutes an instrument of a purely internal procedural nature, which content allows knowing the activities in the Banco de Guatemala in broad strokes in a clear, objective and general manner, for the compliance of the fundamental objective In the same manner, it constitutes an orientation tool for the execution and follow up of the work in each office. In that sense, the summary of the day-to-day for each administrative unit is the following: EXECUTION COMMITTEE Execute the Monetary, Foreign Exchange Rate and Credit Policy determined by the Monetary Board and comply with the attributions established in the organic law of the institution. INTERNAL AUDIT Develop independent and objective activities to ensure and give consultancy in the field of its competence, to add value and propose improvements regarding the operations of the Banco de Guatemala, with the purpose of supporting the institution in the fulfillment of its objectives, providing a systematic and disciplined approach to evaluating and suggesting changes that will contribute to improving risk management, control and administration processes. Studies Auditing Unit Advising the Administration in financial, accounting and internal control matters. Financial Auditing Unit Assess the effectiveness of internal control, continuously, in response to the risks that may affect the reliability and integrity of the information contained in the financial statements of the Banco de Guatemala, the trusts which the Banco de Guatemala acts as a trustee, funds management and information related to budgetary execution; as well as to assess the compliance of the laws, regulations, and other applicable guidelines. -
The U.S.-Guatemala Remittance Corridor Understanding Better the Drivers of Remittances Intermediation
WORLD BANK WORKING PAPER NO. 86 The U.S.-Guatemala Remittance Corridor Understanding Better the Drivers of Remittances Intermediation Hela Cheikhrouhou Rodrigo Jarque Raúl Hernández-Coss Radwa El-Swaify THE WORLD BANK WORLD BANK WORKING PAPER NO. 86 The U.S.-Guatemala Remittance Corridor Understanding Better the Drivers of Remittances Intermediation Hela Cheikhrouhou Rodrigo Jarque Raúl Hernández-Coss Radwa El-Swaify THE WORLD BANK Washington, D.C. Copyright © 2006 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank 1818 H Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20433, U.S.A. All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America First Printing: July 2006 printed on recycled paper 1 2 3 4 5 09 08 07 06 World Bank Working Papers are published to communicate the results of the Bank’s work to the development community with the least possible delay. The manuscript of this paper therefore has not been prepared in accordance with the procedures appropriate to formally-edited texts. Some sources cited in this paper may be informal documents that are not readily available. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank and its affiliated organizations, or those of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank of the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. -
Notes on a Map of the 1961–2010 Eruptions of Volcán De Pacaya, Guatemala
The Geological Society of America Digital Map and Chart Series 10 2012 Notes on a Map of the 1961–2010 Eruptions of Volcán de Pacaya, Guatemala Ruben Otoniel Matías Gomez William I. Rose José Luis Palma* Rüdiger Escobar-Wolf Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, USA ABSTRACT A database of geologic units emplaced during the eruptions of the Volcán de Pacaya, Guatemala, from 1961 to 2010, has been compiled in a geographic information system (GIS). The mapping of the units is based on integrating information from aerial photo- graphs, satellite images, and detailed fi eld observations. The information consists of a total of 249 lava fl ow units, six pyroclastic fl ow units, two scoria-fall units, two undivided pyroclastic units (proximal and distal), one aeolian sediments unit, and one alluvium unit, all of which are defi ned as polygons in the GIS. A total of 349 eruptive vents associ- ated with fl ow units were also identifi ed and defi ned as points in the GIS. Volumes were calculated for all lava fl ows, yielding a cumulative volume of 0.078 km3 (not corrected for density). The volumes of four tephra deposits related to explosive events during this period were also calculated, and yielded values of the order of 106 to >107 m3 each. Geo- chemical data of 69 samples of lava show that the composition of erupted products did not change systematically, with SiO2 ranging from 50 to 52.5 wt%. The GIS information is organized in geologic units, coded by date of emplacement between 1961 and 2010, and is presented in eight geologic maps, showing the units exposed at the surface at different intervals of time. -
Demobilising Guatemala
1 crisis states programme development research centre www Working Paper no.37 DEMOBILISING GUATEMALA David Keen Development Research Centre LSE November 2003 Copyright © David Keen, 2003 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means without the prior permission in writing of the publisher nor be issued to the public or circulated in any form other than that in which it is published. Requests for permission to reproduce any part of this Working Paper should be sent to: The Editor, Crisis States Programme, Development Research Centre, DESTIN, LSE, Houghton Street, London WC2A 2AE. Crisis States Programme Working papers series no.1 English version: Spanish version: ISSN 1740-5807 (print) ISSN 1740-5823 (print) ISSN 1740-5815 (on-line) ISSN 1740-5831 (on-line) 1 Crisis States Programme Demobilising Guatemala1 David Keen Development Research Centre, LSE War is often seen as a conflict between competing ‘sides’ where the aim is to win. However, the aims in a way may be quite diverse and may include, for example, the acquisition of wealth and the suppression of democratic forces – aims which may be better served by prolonging a war than by winning it. Getting away from the idea that war is all about winning creates intellectual space for exploring continuities between war and peace (which are usually conceptualised as opposites). In particular, it encourages us to think about how these ‘aims- beyond-winning’ (like economic accumulation and suppression of democracy) may continue to be important in peacetime.2 Rather than assuming a sharp break between war and peace, it may be more productive to suppose that conflict is ever-present (in war and peace),3 that conflict (whether in war or peace) is shaped at a variety of levels by various groups who create and manipulate it for various reasons, and that conflict in peacetime is in many ways a modification of conflict in wartime. -
Is There a Business Cycle in Guatemala?
Revista de Investigación en Humanidades, RIHU 1, Universidad Francisco Marroquín, Guatemala, agosto 2016. Is there a Business Cycle in Guatemala? Estefanía Luján Padilla Abstract The Austrian Business Cycle Theory states that business cycles follow excessive growth in bank credit loans, often as the result of attempting an economic stimulus package artificially, lowering interest rates. In order to capitalize production processes, it is necessary that some individuals have saved in the past so that other individuals can use this resources to facilitate the assembling of new structures. That is, individuals need to lower their time preference for consumption goods and increase their time preference on producer goods. In Guatemala, the central bank controls monetary, exchange, and credit policy. It is also a lender of last resort for the financial system, and is not allowed to finance the central government through issuing new paper money. However, more than 50% of the bank credits are intended for direct consumption, leaving too little space for the investment of capital goods. Therefore, it is not possible for the central bank to stimulate the economy, and consequently create bubbles, even with their intervention. Business cycles according to the Austrian theory The Austrian Business Cycle Theory (ABCT) finds its roots in Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk as well as in Carl Menger’s work on The Positive Theory of Capital and the Principles of Economics, respectively. Both figures contributed to the Austrians’ believe that in order for the production to add value, consumption must be postponed. Those who do postpone their consumption are rewarded by a payment of interest, which is afforded with the additional output that the resources will yield over time.