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MARK T "W.A-1 !N”5 S SGRaP KOOK.

E A TENTS:

UNITED STATES. GREAT BRITAIN, FRANCE.

June 24TH, 1873. May i 6th, 1877. May i8th, 1877.

TRADE MARKS :

UNITED STATES. GREAT BRITAIN. .

Registered No. 5,896. Registered No. 15,979.

DIRECTIONS.

Use but little moisture, and only on the gummed lines. Press the scrap on without wetting it.

DANIEL SLOTE & COMPANY,

NEW YORK. izrsnDEix:. n~ ustideix:. YT—Si;

the Unaltered Augsburg Confession, it was used also by their German Re formed brethern, and in 1764 the d-nomi- From,,' nations together erected a larger church in the town. The large brick ebureb still standing* in Chestnut street was built by the Lutherans alone in 1802 It was from this Hanover pastoral dis Date, f "2- . trmt that the scattered Germans, both Lutheran and Reformed, to the North and East of Gettysburg, at first obtained occasional pastoral ministrations. The first Lutheran church in this county was CHUKCH HISTORY. built near Littlestown in 1763. Bender’s church was erected in 1783 ; a church was built at Arendtsville in 1785, and j Having' Especial Reference to the Pine Church near New Chester in Christ Lutheran Church. 1803. Meanwhile the Germans were gaining strength in Gettysburg and its vicinity, INTERESTING also to german re¬ where the Presbyterians bad alreadj formed AND MIHERAN PEOPLE their well-established churches. But we GENERALLY — ERECTION OF have not been able to ascertain when the first Lutheran congregation in the town CHURCH BUILDINGS_ was organized. Probably it was shortly LOCAL HISTORY. before the year 1789, as we learn that in that year the St. Mark’s Lutheran and Incidental to the re-opening of Christ German Reformed church, three miles Lutheran church, which will take and a half below the town, on the Balti¬ more road, was built. The Germans, of place on Sunday, November 7th, we both these denominations, living in and publish below an “Historical Dis¬ around the town, worshipped at that course” read by Rev. Dr. Charles A. time, and for some twenty years after Hay, pastor, before the congregation wards, in an “old log school house” that of Christ Lutheran church, February stood near the corner of High and Strat 18, 1877: ton streets. attempt to build. GERMAN settlements In the year 1803 an attempt w7as made This church, as almost all the English by these affiliated churches to collect Lutheran churches of our land, traces its funds for the erection of a larger house origin directly back to the settlements of of worship, but the effort was not suc¬ Hermans who immigrated to this coun cessful. The original list of subscribers, try more than a century ago. As the that lies before us as we write, is an inter-i tide of German immigration crossed the esting document. The heading is drawn Susquehanna, it did not at first set in up in English, and designates the respec¬ very strongly in this direction. It wa« tive parties as “Presbyterians and Luth- mainly Presbyterians from the north of erians.” We commend it to the atteu Ireland who originally located here. tive study of those descendants of these Cur German fore-fathers were specially original settlers who may wish to know shrewd judges of the soil, and they found how their ancestors spelled their angli¬ lanes more fertile and inviting in the cized names, or how many pounds, shil¬ >strip of country stretching from York lings and pence they were ready to con¬ 'Owards the south-west in the direction tribute toward the erection of a house of of Frederick and Hagerstown. A very God. The list is headed by the German [early settlement was effected at Han¬ Reformed elders. Johannes Draxel and over, at first called McAllisterville, and David Draxel, and the deacons George a Lutheran church was organized there Knab and Peter Heck ; aleo by the in 1734, called “St. Michael’s of Cone- Lutheran elders George Blank and Mi- wago. ” Though their little log building chae! Miller, and the deacons John Rit near the village was dedicated as a church L-■ I Rind David Schitz; followed by Bman earliest pastors uel Ziegler, Franz Stahlsebmid, Andrew We cannot discover tbe cate of the Bally, Adam Swope, Christian Creutz- earliest regular church services that were man, and upwards of two hundred held in this place by our Lutheran tore- others, many of whom no doubt were persons living at a distance, but willing *Since tbe reading of this sketch this church has been removed to give place to one.Stiff to aid in the contemplated enterprise. And we note with great pleasure, as in iferbuk we know that they were for dicating the good will towards the Ger¬ a while served by Rev. John G. Grobp, mans on the part of the English portion of Taneytown. Some of our oldest citi¬ of the community, a liberal sprinkling ca zens still remember him, and describe such names as McPherson, Scott, Mc- him as a man of singular excellencies Conaughy, Maxwell, Wright, Russell, and defects. He was “terribly opposed Gettys, Smith, Cox, Hutchinson, Mon¬ to tbe English language,” and yet to¬ tague, Cobean, &c. f wards the close of his ministry began A few years previous to the date o, himself to preach in it, with such singu¬

this effort, viz: in 1800, Adams county 10.1lar Germanisms,UOlluwn.u-,- however, . in his speech, had been cut off from the western end O' as to render his attempts in that line not Pork county, and a coffimodieus Court very edifying. house was erected in the public square. Rev. Mr. Grobp died May 27, 1829, The use of this building was kind.y aged 70 years, and his remains lie in the granted by the authorities forever a, burying ground of tbe Lutheran church years to the Germans as a place toi pub¬ at Thneytown ; but his ministrations in lic worship, the old log school house : Gettysburg ceased at a much earlier bavins become insufficient to accommo¬ date. I find a record of baptisms by him date their now rapidly increasing num¬ in 1815, and of marriages as late as 1817. bers The Court house was not regar - After Mr. Grobp ceased his ministra¬ ed, however, as an appropriate place m tions here, the pulpit was somewhat ir¬ Which to have the holy communion ad- regularly supplied by Rev. Breinig. FIRST SETTLED PASTOR. obtained the use of the Associate Re We have not been able to ascertain formed church on High street. the date when the Rev. John Herbst be¬ building of the union church. came Pastor of tbe Lutheran church of In the year 1811 the two congregations . this place, but the earliest existing resumed their effort to collect funds fox ] regular church record of baptisms, fun¬ the building of a church, and a supple erals, communion seasons, &c., is that I Jw subscription list, still preserve^ begun by him, and is dated 1819. Upon gives evidence M tbeir deterrmbetion . the title page he displays his knowledge j succeed On the 27th cf August, 1812 of Greek bv quoting from St. Paul, in j he corner-stone of a church edifice was the original', I Cor. 14: 40-let all things a1*, the corner ot High and Strat- be done decently and in order; following j “'streets, and on tbe 14jh cd October, it up with the Gorman motto :—“Allea 1814, the bniidibg was zur Ehre Gottes und zum Heil unster- sons officiating being: of the Gerin blicher Seelen”—all to the glory of God Reformed church, Rev. Frederick Ra- and for the welfare ot immortal souls. hanser, pastor ot the congreBatton, Be, Rev. Mr. Herbst continued to serve | Jonathan Rahauser, of Hageistovn the church until 1829, when he was Md and Rev. Ludwig Hemsch, o... “suspended ;from the ministerial office Bender’s and Arendtsviile charge:, on because of his unchristian conduct,” and the part of the Lutheran church, R^ was succeeded as Pastor by Rev. C. John Herbst, Rev. J G Schmucker of Weyl. It was during the administra¬ York, Rev.-Melsheimer, ofHan tion of Rev. Mr. Herbst that the 'theo¬ over and Rev. John C. Grobp, of Taney- logical Seminary of the General Synod of town. Rev. Charles G. McLean, of the the Lutheran Chrjrch in tbe XJ. S. was Associate Reformed church, preached an established in this place. There was at Fnalish sermon in the afternoon. The that time a strong rivalry between a church building remained wlthout a number of towns in Pennsylvania and tower until 1821, when one was erecte- , Maryland in regard to the location of a hundred feet high. ■ r r-

' | this institution, each striving to outbid them by their Presbyterian brethernT the others so as to secure it. And it is " who kindly offei’ed to them the use of to this day to many a matter of wonder their church for that purpose. We al- ,that Gettysburg, with its weak and I ! lude to the Presbyterian church that struggling German church, should have stood upon the corner of Washington carried off the palm in a contest with and Yorth streets, and which, in 1842. such old and already large and wealthy j was taken down and re-erected in im¬ Lutheran communities as York, Freder¬ proved style on the corner of Baltimore ick, Hagerstown and Carlisle. The offer and High streets. from Carlisle was particularly tempting, 1 as the citizens there had already tasted Rev. Mr. Herbst was succeeded by Rev. Charles Weyl, who served the the advantages that such institutions church two years and was followed in confer upon the place where they are es¬ 1832 by Rev. F. Ruthrauff. tablished — Dickinson College having been one of the earliest founded litera-y AN ENGLISH LUTHERAN CHURCH. institutions in the country. It may be It was during the pastorate of Rev. well to remind the citizens of Gettysburg Ruthrauff that the first steps were taken that, for the establishment of the Theo¬ that led to the establishment of the sec¬ logical Seminary in their town, bringing ond Lutberan'church in this place. The with it the Gymnasium, and then the need of a larger proportion of English College, as its outgrowths and feeders, preaching was more deeply felt, and it it has mainly to thank the first resident was regarded as very desirable that the Lutheran pastor, Rev. J. Herbst. institutions located here should have a GERMAN AND ENGLISH PREACHING. ; place always at their service for public ; literary exercises and especially adapted The church building of which we have spoken was erected conjointly i>y the, for them. These ends it was believed German Reformed and Lutheran con¬ j could be D8st attained by the erection of gregations, and each party was entitled another building by the English portion to the use of it only on alternate Sun¬ of the old congregation, in which their I days. The preaching at first was entire¬ j pastor could deliver his English dis- ly in thaGerman language. At the time ! courses, continuing to preach German when the Theological Seminary was lo¬ in the old church and serving his country cated here, viz: in 1826, and the profes¬ : churches, Bender’s, Flobr’s and St. \ sors and students began to worship vsTh Mark’s, as heretofore. The pulpit of their brethernin that church, one-half of ! the new church, it was assumed, would the Lutheran morning service was still j be filled most of the time by the prefes- conducted in that language, thus fur¬ j s°rs of the Seminary and College, those > nishing only one English Lutheran morn¬ of the Seminary being already required ing service in four weeks. It was soon by its constitution to preach at least once found that a larger proportion of English in every month, in the Lutheran church of the place. preaching was greatly needed. Besides, when the Gymnasiun, or preparatory An effort was accordingly made to as¬ school of the Seminary, had grown into certain whether it would be possible to a College, (in 1832 ) there came to be oc¬ secure funds sufficient for such an under- \ casion for the holding of commencement- taking, and it was found that liberal aid ’■ exercises in the church, and these were might be expected from many of the “ accompanied with instrumental music, citizens not connected with the Lutheran and perhaps with some rather uncburcb- enurch, but friendly to the institutions ly performances on the part of the first established here. A number of these graduates, the staid old Germans were were present and took an active part in no little scandalized, and these College the first meeting that was held for the people, with their Yankee notions, were purpose of starting the ne w enterprise. * looked upon with no very friendly eye. The official record opens thus : In fact,, they received emphatically the a , , . V. t-U. O, iOOO. cold shoulder ; and, when the time came Agreeably to notice, those persons who for holding another commencement, oad purchased pews and parts of pews in they were refused permission to erect a the English Evang. Lutheran Church 1 ab(>uc to bs built in the borough of Get- stage in the church, and had to avail j tysourg, met at the house of Samuel themselves of the courtesy extended to Fahnestock, fine meeting was organiz

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fcTW&ppoiuting Thomas C. m ller,. . From -... , T^irmau and George Ziegler, Lsfi., Sec- 1836, we find no further record of what i .%& rstarv * ■ was done; but during this interval Rev. At this meeting a committee was ap- Ruthrauff was succeeded as pastor of the pomtedTltytxktt fn^ovammAto ""examine various DrOPOSQupropoi old church t>y Rev. Benjamin Kelmr. building sites and report at an adjourned Upon the day last mentioned, “in ac¬ meeting, to be held the next day. Ibis cordance with anj invitation given from committee consisted of Messrs. George the pulpit (of the German church on Shryock. S. S. Scbmucker, S. H. Bueb- High street) on Sunday, the sixth of No¬ ler, George Gilbert, D. Gilbert, J. L. vember, 1836, a meeting was held for the Fuller aud J. B. McPherson. purpose of organizing an English Evan¬ It may be of interest to note here that gelical Lutheran Congregation, of which the chairman of this preliminary meet¬ we have this minute ing, Thomas C. Miller, and two of the •‘The meeting was organized by calling above named committee, Messrs. Fuller President Krav^k to the chair, aftet and McPherson, were Presbyterians. | which an address was made to the throne On the following day the report of this of grace. Prof. Reynolds was appointed committee was presented, decidedly ob¬ On motion of Dr. Gilbert it was re- jecting to many of the sites proposed solved * and suggesting that the balloting be con- •‘That we associate ourselves together ' fined to three of them, Mrs. Markle’s on as an English Evaugelical Lutheran Baltimore street, Mr. Minnigh’son Car¬ Church, with the title of Christ Church, and declare our intention by subscribing lisle street, and Mr. Taylor’s on Chara- our names to this resolution.” bersburg street. Thirty-two votes were To this resolution the following names cast, twenty of which were in favor of the lot of Mrs. Markle, and the commit¬ are appended : John Slentz, tee were instructed to purchase it. A C. P. Krauth, George Little, building committee was appointed to S. S. Scbmucker, A. D. Buehler, “contract for the erection of the church M. Jacobs, G. Chritzman, according to the fundamental lineaments H. L. Baugher, Andrew Polley, of the plan to which the subscriptions William M. Reynolds, A. B. Kurtz, ■ have heed obtained ” Whereupon S. H Samuel H. Buehler, Peter Weikert, Buehler, D. Gilbert and Geo. Shyrock Geo. Shryock, Wm. Gillespie, were appointed said committee. D. Gilbert, Conrad Weaver, Samuel Gilbert, On the 16th of February, “at a meet¬ !)• Jacob Kuhn, Adam Walter, ing of pewholders,” the committee on Ghristiau Dobler, George Lease, sites reported that “a good title cannot Rob. W. Middleton, F K. Heisley, be given by Mrs. Markle, and that it Geo. E. Buehler, F. Himes. therefore becomes necessary to make John Zamer, another choice for a site.” Ten sites ,r were proposed and, after seven ballot¬ ing the lot at present occupied by the ■ church was selected, four feet of the eastern side of which were presented by Mr. Christian Ohrftzman. The price paid for the lot was $750. At the same meeting, R3V. Frederick Rutbrauff, pastor of the German Luth¬ eran church, was “appointed to visit Date, York, Lancaster, Chatnbersburg am Greencastle to collect contributions” m aid of the enterprise. Dr. David Gilbert was elected Secre¬ GETTYSBURG. tary and M. C. Clarkson (an Episcopal¬ ian) was elected Treasurer “for the pew¬ "Mr. Moeby’s” Tramp Over the ^Jttla holders, until the building is finished. and Big Bound Tops. Messrs. Peter Weikert, Geo. Shryock We resume our tramp over the great and Andrew Polly were appointed to so¬ battlefield, and spend considerable time at the National Cemetery, a description licit further subscriptions. of which we gave in a previous number. - 7 ' ■ a.

Cemetery Hiii Isn’t neglected. This is ; IT‘opslind have a familiar chat wuh an the hill of salvation, where the Union ,jolold friend, David Weikert, the blind troops rallied on the evening of the proprietor of the refreshment saloon. first day’s fight. The monuments are ’) On a former occasion we called at the very beautiful. The cannon stand in the Weikert homestead, when Levi Weikert same position as they stood on those showed us the spot where his brother, eventful July days. We gaze with pride David, buried Lieutenant Hazlett; also upon the great statue of General Han¬ the room in which the lamented Gen¬ cock, which is erected on the very spot eral Weed expired. This loyal family where he surveyed the field, and deci¬ Still retains this beautiful and historic ded that Gettysburg was the place to place. fight the battle. The hill and the ceme¬ ON THE BIG ROUND TOP. tery opposite are delightful as well as historic spots and full of interest. After being refreshed we begin our To-day we confine our tramp more tramp up the Big Round Top, 400 feet especially to the Round Tops.. Little above the valley. We follow the stone Round Top was the key to the battle¬ breastworks erected by the Pennsylva¬ field. Its highest point is 280 feet above nia Reserves, who held the line to the the valley. Like Big Round Top it is summit. The monuments on the line of volcanic origin, covered with trees are very elegant. That of the Tenth and rocks. Among these rGcks stand a Pennsylvania is made of metal. The number of monuments, each telling its One Hundred and Eighteenth and One story. A little white star (One Hundred Hundred and Nineteenth Pennsylvania and Forty-seventh Pennsylvania) stands and tfa£ Twentieth Maine have neat at the entrance. The excursion grounds monuments bfl this historic mountain. are exceedingly attractive. Each one receives 0 jjag and flowers Standing upon a huge boulder is the gent by survivors, The .Hundred great bronze statue of General Warren, and Nineteenth contained cfKite a imbi¬ just as he stood on July 2 making his ber of Germantown boys, the writer observations, which helped to save the being among the number. The inscrip¬ day. The statue was erected by the tion reads: “From Fredericksburg to Duryeas, N. Y., Zouaves, his old regi¬ Appomattox.” There were 500 killed ment. Here we leave a Post 6 flag- hud wounded. Captain Humes, Ser¬ The New York monument is very grand geant Nice, Lister, Donahower and oth¬ as well as expensive. It represents a castle. A winding stairway leads to the ers went down early in the contest. top. The Forty-fourth New York lost Deal, Rapine, McDowell, Barrett, 106 out of 313. The One Hundred and Blake, Bowman, Noll, Smith, Lightcap, Fortieth New York, led by Colonel Roberts, Dougherty and other brave O’Rorke, lost 133 out of 526, the heroic men have since answered the last roll- colonel being among the slain. call. Few of the Germantown comrades remain, the venerable Chaplain Miller some pensta. monuments. being among the number. He served The Ninety-first Pennsylvania has a ! his God, his country and his regiment very elaborate monument. The One ~~ost faithfully. Hundred and Fifty-fifth Pennsylvania ON THE OBSERVATORY. monument is very elegant. It is sur¬ mounted by a Zouave. The Eighty-third This historic mountain is a great Pennnsylvania monument is a beautiful study. The trees, rocks and huge boul¬ piece of art. It is surmounted by the ders are truly wonderful. We tramp statue of its lamented old colonel, skyward nearly one hundred feet. Strong Vincent. On a boulder is a little What a sight! What a history! The white marble tablet, which marks the whole battlefield is in full view. Within spot where Vincent received his death twenty-five square miles nearly 200,000 wound. He was carried down to Bush¬ were engaged for three days in a bloody man’s and died on July 7. His commis¬ contest, the aggregate loss in killed and sion as brigadier general arrived just wounded being about 43,000. This view previous to his death. Hazlett’s bat¬ presents the scene of some of the great¬ tery, so well known in history, stands est events in history. Below us is the on the summit. It was right here that scene of General Farnsworth’s charge Lieutenant Hazlett and General Weed into the Confederate lines to meet his were mortally wounded. Both were death. At a distance the Sixth Penn¬ carried down to Jacob Weikert’s home, sylvania Cavalry monument looms up. on Taneytown road, where they ex- Eastward is seen the monuments of pired. Over 200 were buried in Weik¬ Russell’s Brigade (Sixth Corps), also ert’s garden, Lieutenant Ilezlett being Grant’s Vermont Brigade monument. buried by David Weikert. Hazlett’s The old Weikert farm, close by, looks remains were subsequently removed to very natural. The new Government his old town. road on the Confederate line is also very The little Twentieth Maine monument attractive and affords much pleasure to stands on a boulder, around which the the tourists. gallant Colonel Chamberlain and his lit¬ A GLANCE AT RUMMEL’S FARM. tle band helped to save the day. We Eastward at a distance is Rummel’s halt in the valley between the Round farm, the scene of the cavalry contest I

Detween^GT5]jrg ana Stuart. OulT~pre- vious occasion I paid a visit to this his- B toric place, which is full of interest. M Gazing from the high observatory I can i almost imagine I see our old townsmen and comrades. Sergeant “Charley” Bringhurst and “Billy” Weitzman, both devoted heroes of Fort Sumter, working on their battery, helping the illustrious Gregg to drive Stuart from the field. Germantown feels proud of having such gallant Union defenders in her midst. All honor to such devoted men who risked all for country. This fight was one of the finest cavalry fights of the war, and helped to save the day at the most critical moments of the battle of m 'GREAT BATTLE Gettysburg. All honor to the gallant •i Gregg and his devoted band of heroes. '* We are not unmindful of the services of OF GETTYSBURG the Third Pennsylvania Cavalry, which played an important part by charging STORY OF THE THREE DAYS’ DECISIVE into the ranks of the enemy, creating FIGHT. consternation and confusion. The name of Major Charles Trichael is familiar to all, as are the names of Captain Walter W-a Invasion of Pennsylvania-Tiie S. Newhall, Captain B. F. Potter, Cap¬ Stand at Gettysburg—'Tiie Three tain Rhawl, Speese, Von Buckwald, g Great Pennsylvania Deal big Sergeant Provand and others Meade, Reynolds and Hancock— of the gallant Third. Trichael sleeps Lee’s Fatal Mistake—Outlines of peacefully at old St. Luke’s graveyard, the Gigantic Conflict-Tire Death of Germantown, and Newhall at Laurel Reynolds—Longstreet’s Fierce At¬ Hill. A number of the survivors still tack—Tire Firm Stand of tlie Union cling to old historic Germantown. Soldiery—The Confederates Over¬ The great charge on the Union lines whelmed—Retreat of Lee-Ambers failed as did the charge of Stuart in the Engaged and tke Losses. rear. The greatest battle of modern times was ended, and the darkness of the third night covered, as with a thick Why in the outset the great Confederate pall, a field strewn with dead and iomniander, Lee, undertook the unprom¬ ising invasion of Pennsylvania after the wounded men. CONCLUSION. disastrous failure in Maryland the mil be¬ fore, and why once north of the Potomac Old Gettysburg was little known be; he did not, instead of looking backwards “fore those memorable July~Vlays that cut loose entirely from his base and rush were to make it forever historic. Aside for Philadelphia and the heart, of the from the historic association and inter¬ North, are two moot ciuestions of absorb¬ est, there is much that is attractive in ing interest to the veterans of the Civil the beautiful surrounding scenery. The new town shows signs of progress and is pushing forward. Great institutions of learning, grand hotels, neat homes, fine churches, good stores, good people, all combine to make everything pleasant and agreeable. Centuries may pass and new generations populate the land, yet the name of Gettysburg will not fail to call before memory the heroic deeds ,■ enacted there. Our visit has been de¬ lightful- We enjoyed the solemn and impressive Memorial Day services at the National Cemetery, and we tramped over the once bloody fields where our dear friends and comrades fought and . fell. Our work of observation as well . as decoration was a pleasant duty, and we returned to our Germantown homes with feelings of stronger attachment for old historic Gettysburg. Mr. Mosby. GENERAL GEORGE G. MEADE War. After the halt of Longstreet and Hill in the vicinity of Chanibersburg the reason why the invasion was pushed no further and Ewell was drawn back from the Suscuiehanna is found in the vigorous operations of the Lnion army. Meade s unexpected appearance at Gettysburg ad- r ,--r. that it was too late to cross • Ttfle'"Sus<:uenanna. He---was compel led to concentrate, and his defeat brought the Invasion and all hop© of further advance GENERAl JOHN F. REYNOLDS to an end. Cd forward to Chambersburg; Rodes’s di- Reasons for the Northern Advance. ylsion occupied Hagerstown, Md., and Lee’s successes at Fredericksburg and whn ,E?W1ard Johnson, Sharpsburg, ■ Chancellorsville had given him unlimited trhile Early s division threatened Harper’s j confidenco in his troops and the natural j inclination to belittle his enemy. Grant’s tothfZ leH,Cinlty °f Shepherdstown. 2" h® 21®2 whlIe occupying these posi- ; grip upon Vicksburg compelled the, re- Llons Ewell received orders from Lee to ! enforcement of the Confederates' in the take Harrisburg.” At this time the Con¬ i West, or such movements elsewhere as federate army was strung out from Fred¬ ! would compel Grant to detach troops, and ericksburg to Chambersburg, a most ex¬ ■ thus loosen his hold upon the Mississippi traordinary and dangerous disposition in stronghold. Lee objected at that time to the immediate presence of the enemy. Af¬ dividing his army by detaching to the ter Hooker s withdrawal from Frederlclcs- West. He preferred to do something on Confederate line was now his own front to relieve the Confederate rapidly shortened by the concentration of situation. Therefore, during May and ^Tfi Ke|Tt!und Hi!1 at Chambersburg. On June, 1863, his army was strengthened in tlm -4th Hill s corps crossed the Potomac every possible manner, and the crossing at ShephercistoyAi and vicinity, while of the Potomac determined upon in order ^ftr.eet was crossing at Williamsport, to transfer the war upon Northern soil. -.hese two corps went into bivouac at These were the primary causes of the Cnambersburg on the 27th, where they invasion of Pennsylvania, and of the great remained quietly until the 29th of June disaster which overtook the Confederate tneir foraging parties meanwhile collect¬ army at Gettysburg. ing suppues and raiding the countrv in Manoeuvres ol* Lee and Hooker. every direction. A movement to the Potomac in force The Hungry Hbrde’s Ravages. was always an easy one for the rebel Their ravages were fearful. The honest commanders. Covered by the Rappahan¬ farmers and burghers of Maryland and nock and the Blue Ridge Mountains Lee the lower counties of the old Keystone had no difficulty in making the march, and State must nave been aghast at tlm on the route surprising, capturing and hungry hordes swarming up from the scattering the Union forces in the valley E General Lee, with cool irony re¬ tinder General Milroy, an/officer of courage ported that he gave orders that all sup- and patriotism, but of very unsound paes taken must be carefully paid for judgment and little military capacity. Un¬ vlnch was done in Confederate notes, then til Lee knew what effect his tentative being worth but little in the South itself movements were having on the Union ar¬ and nothing whatever in Pennsylvania’ my at Fredericksburg, under'Hooker, his A Lnion scout a,t Hagerstown reported march was hesitating and uncertain. that tne reoeis carried their money in Hooker had quickly detected the Confed¬ flour barrels. The reckless abandonment erate withdrawal and foreshadowed what cf these rebel soldiers to liberality is il- actually followed, an invasion. He asked lustratecl in the astonishment of one rich President Lincoln for permission to cross ola farmer, who was forced to take a So the Rappahannock and make a dash for Confederate note instead of 50 cents in Richmond, which it is now clear from the Union money for two old horseshoes. official reports of Lee would instantly Lee’s Finns DlsarraHsed, have called him back to the defence of Ewell had rapidly marched on Carlisle hi3 capital. Mr. Lincoln, however, doubted * 1 * * * V the expediency of Hooker's bold project. ! with Rodes’s and Johnson’s divisions, It Is probable after the Chancellorsville sending Early to York. Carlisle, only fif¬ disaster he had misgivings as to Hooker's teen miles from Harrisburg, was occupied nerve and capacity. He, therefore, pre- i on the 27th, and York on the 28th. This vented the proposed counter move on movement had again somewhat scattered Richmond, and henceforward Hooker con¬ I the Confederates, but Lee at Chambers- tented himself with simply moving on in¬ | burg with two-thirds of his army was terior lines to cover Washington. The | about ready to move forward In support moment Lee perceived that Hooker had of Ewell’s advance against Harrisburg withdrawn from the line of the Rappahan¬ j when something happened. General Hook¬ nock his hesitation disappeared. Long- er had followed Lee across the Potomac; etreet and Hill immediately followed Ewell j his movements up to June 28 had been into the Shenandoah Valley. well conceived and admirably carried out. The Invasion of Pennsylvania-. j His eventual purpose had been to throw On J-une 15 the Confederate General himself across Lee’3 line of communica¬ Ewell crossed the Potomac at Williams¬ tions with the Potomac and force the Con¬ port. Jenkins, with his cavalry, was push- federate to a decisive engagement on his own terms. But a disagreement arose between the General in Chief, Halleck, at V ashingten, and General Hooker, in re¬ gal’d to the disposition of the Union troops at Harper’s Ferry, and Hooker had there¬ upon asked to be relieved of the command of the Army of the Potomac. Halleck had no confidence in Hooker, and the latter's request was Instantly granted. Meade, Reynolds unci Ilaaeoelic. At that time there were only two of¬ ficers in that army whose character and achievements h^id raised them to the plane of so high an£ important a command. They were Major General John F. Rey¬ nolds, commanding the First Corps and Major George t. Meade, commanding the Fifth Corps. It is a curious fact that they were both! Pennsylvanians, and both j WosTTPoiirTers. Reynolds rank- formed people v. ho still cling to the ex¬ ade, and it is known that it was ploded notion that the battle at Gettys¬ original intention of the military au- burg was an acifcident. It was not so. j morities to confer the chief command on After considering the situation * for a him when Hooker should go. Eut Rey¬ few hours afteu the necessity for wdth- ■ nolds had been, sounded, and had de¬ drawal of Ewel was admitted, General clined the command unless allowed cer¬ Lee perceived tie importance of Gettys-, tain freedom of action, which it was deem- j burg'as a great ktrategic position by rea-, ed inadmissable to grant. Therefore, the son of the manytexcellent turnpike roads command was conferred upon General which radiate tlferefrom. At Gettysburg! Meade, who in turn gave the Fifth Corps he would not only occupy a commanding! .to General Sykes. This change occurred position from which to deliver battle, but; near Frederick, Md., on the morning of one available frem which to fail back to-! June 2$, only .three days before the armies ward the Potomac should such a ccntln-( met in mortal combat at Gettysburg. gency arise, and} at the same time one Meade was an able officer, who had grown threatening both Washington and Balti¬ up with the Army of the Potomac, and more. These considerations impelled Lee had the confidence of all the superior to change his previous order to Eweil to Generals. He was, perhaps, not a dash¬ come back to Ciiambersburg, which was ing fighter like Hooker or Reynolds, but done in the following terms: he was, nevertheless, a man of courage 'Headquarters Army of Northern Vir¬ and judgment, and knew how to marshal ginia, Chambersburg, June 28, 1863.—Lieu¬ troops on the field of battle as well as tenant General IU S. Ewell, Commanding any officer living. The three chief fig¬ Corps—General: I wrote you last night ures in the Army of the Potomac. Meade, stating that General Hooker was reported Reynolds and Hancock, were all Pennsyl¬ to have crossed tho Potomac, and is ad¬ vanians, and alllto perform leading parts vancing by the way of Middletown, the in the drama how opening upon Penn¬ head of his column being at that point, sylvania soil. t- in Frederick county. I directed you in Meade’s Finns Effective. I that letter to move your forces to this The new Federal commander, after tak¬ point If you have not already progressed ing his bearings, abandoned looker’s on the road, and if you have no good plan of merely fallowing Ree and placing reason against it, I desire you to move the Union army square across his commu¬ In the direction of Gettysburg, via Held- : nications. Meade’s directions from Hal- lersburg, where you will have a turnpike leck were to cover Washington and Bal¬ most of the way, and you can thus join j timore. General Meade pushed all his your other divisions to Early’s, which is corps directly northwards on the inner east of the mountains. I think it prefer- j line, with the object of attacking any 4 able to keep on the east side of the moun¬ of Lee’s forces that came in his way, un¬ tains. * * * R. E. LEE, General.” der the belief that this would compel the , Lee's Mistake. Confederate to immediately drop his History of the event is proof that in movement across the Susquehanna and thus changing the point of concentration turn and fight. That was precisely the from Chambersburg, which was behind immediate effect of Meade's movements. the screen of a mountain range, to Gettys¬ Gettyfilnarp; Deliberately Ciiosea. burg, in the closi presence of his enemy, This forward movement of the Union General Lee madl a serious mistake. We army, then, was what had happened to can now see that he was playing into Gen¬ change Lee's plans. Instead of ordering eral Meade’s haiids. It is obvious, how¬ Longstreet and Hill forward to the rich ever, tforn his Pipe Creek plan of a de¬ fensive battle, that General Meade ex¬ pected that Lee would be compelled to do this very thing. Had Lee remained at Chambersburg Meade would have been compelled to cross the mountain to beat him up, and thus, might have become the aggressor against some strong position and been defeated. Euford Occupies Gettysburg. On the 2Sth and 29th the northward movement of tho Union army had been rapid: General Reynolds had been put in command of the left wing, on the danger , fiank of the advance. It was composed of the First, Third 4nd Eleventh Corpf On the 29th these thrpe corps, commanded by a fighting General, who saw his native State for the first time under the iroh heel of the invader, vie re within ten miles of Gettysburg. On the 30th Reynolds! with the First Corps, had advanced to Marsh creek, within fotjr miles of Gett5\sburg. GENERAL WINFIELD SCOTT HANCOCK while the Third and Eleventh Corps remained at Emmitilwrg. fields of the Susquehanna, i/l support of It was during tills day that General Ewell, and, perhaps, to the sacking of Meade's policy of fighting behind the Pipe Harrisburg and Philadelphia, the concen¬ creek line a defensive battle becomes'man¬ tration of the great rebel fighting ma¬ ifest in the movement of the ' troops. chine was to be’effected by drawing Ew¬ While Reynolds was far out toward the ell’s scattered divisions back to Gettys¬ front and left, feeling for the enemy, with burg. It is worth noting here that upon orders to fall back behind Pipe creek if learning of the rapid coacentration of the practicable or advisable, in case of colli¬ Union army on Iris immediate flank Lee’s sion. the other corps of the army were original idea was to concentrate about back from ten to twenty-five miles from Chambersburg. There ire many well in¬ Gettysburg. On the afternoon of the 30th Buford’s division of cavalry had occupied Gettysburg, and remained + Jt-ti ‘11 Position of +»r'“V“WTOr I army was converging bn Getlysburg.j: He I ! sent a courier to Reynolds with the infor- I Let Us now turn to thf k1, Tro°^- mation that the rebels in force were corn- I ‘bat we may understand'k"M co!u»na j ing down the Cashtown pike, and asking f on occurred at GeUvKhn°W th° 0xp)°- for help and directions. Reynolds, burn¬ ing to fight at the first opportunity, im- j mediately put the First Corps, under i Doubleday, In motion to support Buford, ir^ G?,0^”- " Ewell's corps, and despatched orders to the Third and at the noni, bv °Urf from Carlisle Eleventh Corps, further in the rear, to Early was moviL 7 °f Heidlersbur* move forward rap:dly. His opportunity York, at the “aS? hv w Ge.“ysbuW from had come. The Pipe creek line dropped Kill’s corns fnfin'r. y"ay 01 Keidlersburg - out of his mind instantly, and he made divisions ^'ttold afd A^ d°ng3treet's two ready for battle. He then rode forward ‘"S on GettySburr?rdm p?'S> fas mov' ! rapidly to join Buford at the front. The at the west, joined bv id Cha®bersburg, j two Generals went up into the belfry of , of Ewell’s somewhere J°h^oa s. ^vision. [ < fish»jjTvn in fhA m u vicinity of j the seminary, situated on Oak Ridge. An examination of Heth’s lines and the road July. Most Of Hill^nrn ent °f lJl° at and about Ca-htn Was blvouacked beyond Willoughby’s run through their the 30th, ready to ^r, ‘hfi night or field glasses disclosing the rapid advance the morning. Early lbe march in of large bodies of rebel Infantry and artil¬ lery, corroborated Buford’s shout to Rey¬ far from Heidlersburg ?°ftv ^®re no( rebms were within nt<*hV „~l3, thousand nolds on his arrival that the “devil was brn-g on the morning of J^vT °t..Got'tys- to pay.’’ Reynolds came down and sent occupled by Buford’s J Iy..1’ which was couriers In different. directions to hurry cavalry, supportedIs ’ma" “‘vision of . forward the Union infantry. Buford’s 8000 Infantry four mile^nw PiTst CorPs of. cavalry was now hard pressed and slowly » there worn ~ • cs off- Besides th“sa yielding to Heth’s advance. of the Third. ®e°emh a^d m ® S°'°00 men Buford made a magnificent fight, hold- , from eight to ter miictnd Twelftn Corp.s ing the Confederates at bay for an hour 1 or two. Heth had orders not to brln^ ot on a general engagement until Lee’s army On the morning*^ VV'*? *3'e was all up, and his movements at first Heth’s divisionl?53’ General were leisurely. Archer's and Davis’s Bri¬ marched on Gettysburg? f^erate Cor«3 gades were deployed on the right and left shoes for his men * capture some of the Cashtown road, and pushed forward division. Buford’s’ cavawl bJ Pender’s toward Gettysburg and the shoes they so in Position some turn mfi 7-had been Put : much needed. town, squarely aodoss ho *” ^°nt of ‘bo Reynolds to the Rescne. Reynolds, after making a rapid examina¬ ss : tion of the field and surrounding topog¬ M. on Wednesday. Juiyt raphy, which was favorable for defen¬ sive military operations, and directing Bu- ! ford to hold on, with the remark that he would bring up his entire three corps to this point, then rode off rapidly to bring forward his leading division of infantry I under General James S. Wadsworth, it was hurried across the fields and swung into line behind Buford, who, thus re" lieved, retired to the rear. General Cut¬ ler s Brigade was on the right of tho Cashtown road, and Meredith’s Brigade of Western troops, known in the army as ' the “Iron Brigade,” on its left facing westward. Cutler confronting Davis and Meredith Archer. It is pretty well at¬ tested tna.t this great fight was opened by the Fifty-sixth Pennsylvania, under Col- ■ onel William Hoffman, though it has been disputed bv the men of the Second Wis

,, general Robert~ « c.e. leeLtt

federate*3 army <* ‘be Con¬ unless he was bru=h ^ lmP°ssibie ‘be job now undertl en hvw Jhhat Precipitated the gre:'tdst h which Civil War. Keth ^1' ,, battle of ‘he dors, didn’t know this but 'thr>6r Lee’s or- making a simple 'ra^\^;hh0°eU/h‘bewas_ Bnford “ttllding. 0 Buford had detected tho - Gettysburg, and determined to^l^m3 °f own until he could tea ‘ °IJ ,‘he -Io had been fully convin®™ *effiold«- be mght Previous^ that iff ■MW b ’he End of the First Day* v-oiisln, of the Iron Brigade. How&ver ; . Gte.neral Eee arrived on Seminary Ridr-e this may be, Cutler’s Brigade was struck in time to see the victorious advance of partially in flank by Davis, and quickly his troops and tlie disorganized Federals repulsed and driven back. On the left tho ! streaming up Cemetery Hill. He sent dis- Iron Brigade, led by the Second ’Wiscon¬ sin, pushed forward for McPherson’s | i 5,ry orders to Eweli to pursue, but officer, engaged in readjusting bis wooded ridge simultaneously with Arch- ! V kronen Imes, made no further advance, er’s entry into it from the west. x-ie Has been greatly criticised by Confed- Dentil of tlie Heroic Eeyr.oide. erate partisans for his failure to follow At that moment General Reynolds rode up his advantages. But as'the almost up from the right, where he had been impregnable, line of Culp’s and Cemetery anxiously observing Cutler’s disaster. He S’1 '?as, defended by at least 10,000 men, ordered the Iron Brigade to advance at 3cJJ or whom had not fired a gun, support- the double-quick, shouting to the Second Fw!?n a p°,Tvfu! o-rliUery, it is probable Wisconsin, “Forward, men, forward, for Ewril would have been repulsed had he God's sake, and drive* *those fellows out attacked. He reported that the position of the woods!” These were probably the was formidable, and.that it would have last words -he ever uttered. As he turned been absurd to attack It then in his con¬ to look fer and direct the oncoming sup¬ dition. Night closed on the first day’s bat- ports he was struck in the head or upper rie at Gettysburg. A general battle had neck by a rebel sharpshooter's bullet and been precipitated by the fighting energy fell dead. But his splendid troops rushed of General Reynolds, in spite of Lee’s or¬ forward, driving the enemy back, clearing ders to delay an engagement until the the wood and capturing General Archer whole army was up. and several hundred of his men. Thus Forward to Gettysburg-. perished the great soldier, John F. Rey¬ The magnitude of this battle of the 1st nolds. His death was a serious blow to set aside all theoretical schemes to decoy the Union cause, and for the moment, for Leo down to Pipe creek. About midday want of a directing head with prestige General Meade, at Talieytown, was in¬ sufficient to give moral weight to- his com¬ formed of Reynolds’s death and the state mands, endangered Union success. But of the cattle. Later - Bujford sent word his courage and ready decision determined that a “tremendous battle was raging the field of battle ahd, ultimately, the vic¬ with varying success;” that “there seems tory. to be no directing head,” and that “we A Terrible Contest Against Odds. need help now.” General Mesuje never Cutler’s lost ground was soon recovered hesitated when confronted with theriCacgg. by a brilliant charge cf the Sixth Wiscon¬ sity of changing his planS he prepared sin, of the Iron Brigade, upon the flank of fight at Gettysburg. General W. S. Han¬ the rebel Davis's brigade, in which it cap- ' cock was sent forward to assume com¬ tured the Second Mississippi Regiment and mand and advise Meade of the practica¬ its flag. Davis was repulsed, and in turn bility cf fighting a battle there. His re¬ driven back greatly shattered. The Union port was favorable, and the whole army lines were then rectified. The Second and was immediateljr ordered forward to Get- Third Divisions of the First Corps now ar-■ I rived, deploying jio the right and left of Wadsworth under a heavy artillery fire. Thus in half an hour Heth’s advance had been smashed up with heavy loss. But his two remaining brigades ware .brouzfat-fny. |

ward, and Pender’s fresh division of 8000 men were at hand. New dispositions w ere made and the battle renewed. Rodes had now appeared from the north, and was coming down upon the right flank of the Union line. Here were 24,000 rebels con¬ verging on a single Union corps of 9000 effectives. Besides, Early, from York, was also arriving on its right rear, with 8000 more. The unequal contest was terrible, bur every effort of Heth,Pender and Rodes to break the heroic First Corps, failed until late in the afternoon. It received no help until after midday, when General O. O. Howard’s Eleventh Cprps, 5000 strong, began to-arrive. Early on HovraVtl’s Flan It. Howard assumed general command. Pie * sent tv/o of his divisions to the north of Gettysburg to protect the right flank against Rodes and Early, the latter com¬ ing on from the northeast General Stein- wehr was held in reserve on Cemetery V; Kill, which was fortified. But Early got upon the flank of Howard’s troops, which GENERAL JAMES LONGSTREET were enfiladed by his artillery, and, aided | tysburg. Between sundown and 7 A. M. by an onset of Rodes, they were broken a cf July 2 the Second, Third, Fifth and and driven back through Gettysburg in Twelfth Corps had arrived and gone into ^border. This left the First Corps’ right 3 position along Cemetery Ridge. The Sixth and rear uncovered, and, in turn, forced . Corps, twenty-five miles away, did not its rapid retreat through the town to the arrive until afternoon. General Meade heights beyond, where it joined Steinwe-hr himsc-lf, reached Gettysburg at midnight, I and formed a new line from Culp’s Hill and rode his lines, giving orders for the westward. The withdrawal of the First disposition of the troops as they arrived. Corps occurred about 4 P. M. Many pris¬ General Hunt, its chief, placed the ar-. oners were lost by both corps in the re- \jllery. On the .Confederate side, with . treat through the town. £-*—■-—- ■ ▼ p n

on the^r^rtM8

faa^iefor'baCn°W C°nCentrated ^cs to ported by Wilcox's and Pcrrj-’s brigades, I-ons-street's Fierce Attack the latter by Lane and Scales. Altogether the attacking column consisted of not less General Sickles, with the Third Corns than 15,000 men, but Pettigrew’s troops aJls1f.nce of definite orders hadT- were unfit for so desperate an undertak¬ hims^f somewhat to the front ing by reason of their fearful losses on ?o” S;r. S''fir r™ wW* the 1st. After some doubts ‘‘whether*’ ff'f 'me. Victory on the Union’s Right. with Ewell on ribm tt ttncr to attacg J While these preparations were ln prog¬ wtS 2St“,l,he0™“,"f M ”;>!* 'on. ress for the final assault a heavy battle ootod Slot,to, « „„ S,tLS SSK on' . had begun on the L'nion right for the pos¬ session of the abandoned breastworks of a*® sriStK^xil1 the Twelfth Corps. General 'vyilliams, who commanded it, attacked Ewell at daylight with the divisions of Ruger and Geary, and the battle continued with !ikerlu ofLo'at0t in the $^on?tbit" varying fortunes until after 10 o’clock. Finally Johnson’s Confederates, driven +v>r»WS ^ dSt iitllfc came.U0£ iNearlvy boa" if back at all points, sullenly retired across Rock creek, and with their retreat the aid duA^Th^^Ittlh'r,ft, t0 S!cki9^ battle of Gettysburg ended on the Union right in decisive victory. On the whole, after the first day’s success, Ewell’s ef¬ forts throughout the battle had been fee¬ ble and unavailing. He had been unable despair. It was a fearfnl 1 trial Bmf to bring the decimated division of Rodes Long-street afterwards sairl bio ^ into action at all, and Early and Johnson had driven the Third Cm-r a V ? success had been squarely defeated. These were the results on the right. TJie Union Soldiery Stands Firm. The grand assault of Pickett and Petti¬ grew, under Longstreet, was preceded about 1 P. M. by a tremendous artillery energ-etlcal]v x -neiai barren fire from 130 rebel cannon, responded to by perhaps a hundred L’nion guns. This e=” “} ; cannonade continued for nearly two hours, causing great havoc inside the Union lines, but no great loss of life. It failed to shake the Union soldiery. By order of General Hunt the Union fire was slack¬ ened and finally ceased entirely to give op¬ righT6"™ t0C^SP^Union portunity to bring up fresh batteries and j ammunition to meet a heavy infantry as- j liver battle unto t'orff0” did »°t de- sault which it was already divined by the Union leaders wras now Impending. been exhausted or defeated Ttforts had ly night before mttno 1 Tt v,'as near- It soon developed. To reach the Federal vaneecl. Podes hftf f and Ear,y afl- lines the rebels had to march a mile over tbeir attack. Earf1 ®d t0 join ln ©pen rolling fields under fire of many bat¬ at first along- the eaf frf tS°?e SUC06SS teries. Their lines of battle, nearly a mile Hill, but was eventual1 of Cemetery long, swept out of the wodds along Sem¬ loss. Farther to the ri/ht back with inary Ridge about 3.30 P. M., and the crisis attack was repulsed htff Jobnso-n’s main of the battle was at hand. Their advance S was watched hopefully by Lee and Long but he occupied witifout6oher0if Greene’ street and eagerly by thousands of ad¬ breastworks of Huger all r° °n the drawn to re-enforcn Geanr, with- miring eyes on both sides. The Federal pected success thf,t eS' This «nex- soldiers were not unnerved by the threat¬ Pike and . the rear of fh tke Baltimore ening sight; the soldiers of Hancock were but it was too dark tor tha Lnion arnW, coolly waiting to redeem their losses at ceive their advantage ^7 to per' Fredericksburg. to rest without further fey sunl' Tlie Confederates Overwhelmed. night Ruger’s and Gea’-v1,'/01'" In t)le As they came on the Federal shot and turned; finding the Si commands re- shell and then canister from a hundred the leaders made" disnooiti U possesslon, ! guns began to tear wide gaps in the rebel at daylight and drive them of t. * aUack lines. This frightful fire came from front and flank; their line was enfiladed by tho Although practi^alfy reff' batteries on Round Top. Pettigrew's men tlons obtained by 't the Posl- on the left began to drift and lag behind Union left on the on the under the -weight of the Uhion fire, and Emmittsburg road and f d alon3- the. Pickett was soon in the lead alone. When Round Tops, and by EWe , 9 t0 th* within a third of a mile of the Union determined Lee to pJsTsf of f r3ght’ front Pickett halted, coolly readjusted his on the Third, it w'„<. Sl 1 his attack,, lines and changing direction more toward feasible to break the' Unirf'RlU(3ea to be , the left, resumed his advance. Wilcox and the west front of C(m£lV™tre a,0Di? Perry did not change their direction, but by Hancock with the ynR dg,s' held kept straight on, and soon there was a Part of the First clnT *£ Corps and considerable interval between them and vision of the fifteen Vi|', Elckett's

■ -i Stannard’s Vermont brigade .g-ed front and attacked Pickett in Special Telegram to The Times. k, in the interval caused by the Gettysburg, October 14. Jiement of Wilcox and Perry crowding The old homestead, known as “Cross temper's brigade back'upon the centre Keys,” owned at present by Misses Marga¬ and capturing many prisoners. ret and Bessie Gitt, located in Adams “It Was a GSoi-ions "Victory.” county, one and one-half miles east of New At the foot of the acclivity, led bv Oxford, reached the century mark as the Armistead, with his hat upbn his sword property of the Gitt family September 7 point, the Confederates made a last feeble last. rush, and penetrated among some of the It was bought at Sheriff's sale in 1799 Lmon guns. But attacked on all sides by William Gitt, great-grandfather of the by the men of Webb, Hall, Harrow and owners, for his son, Henry, grandfather btannard, they we re driven back in utter of the present ow-ners. Henry Gitt took rout. Garnett and Armistead were kilW possession and opened an inn, known as the and Kemper wounded. Pickett lost in this “Cross Keys Inn,” in 1809. There were no “ fated charge 3000 men in about an railroads then, and it became a very useful hour s time. He had no chance from the and well-known place to travelers. It was first Only a portion of Pettigrew's com¬ named "Cross Keys” because of the inter¬ mand reached the front on the rebel left- they were easily beaten off by Hays's section of the two pikes, the Philadelphia iTnn1 p°sted who captured nearly 1500 prisoners. Wilcox on the extreme and Pittsburg crossing the Carlisle and Baltimore pikes. 1 right, was met by Caldwell's division in iront, and the omnipresent Stannard in At the death oi Henry Gitt it became by Ilank, and beaten easily, losing heavily. inheritance the property of his son, Ed¬ mund Gitt, after whose death, about a year £rted He d heritance to its present owners, who belong to the fourth generation. The inn when discomfited Phus, his troops beaten at built was situated in York county, as Adams all points, Lee s hopes were shattered had not yet been formed. The house was He venturea no more offensive move- already an old one when it came into the He expected a counter attack, but possession of the Gitt family in 1799, but it ^-ade was satisfied with the results al- is. still in good condition, and apparently ready obtained, and awaited Lee's move¬ will stand for many years to come. ments. That night Lee began to send his *rpal"s,,Md wounded to the rear, while Pklv«elti a foPtifl£d line al0fisr Seminary Ridge throughout the 4th to cover their removal. After nightfall on the 4y Penn and Baltimore. negro slaves was ninety four. For many years after the coming of the In addition to the negro slaves (these first settlers Adame county was claimed by people all then called their farms “plan¬ both William Penn and Lord Baltimore. In 1740 Penn laid out what ie now a part of tations’ ',) there were the indentured or Adams county as a reservation for himself bonded white men—men who had given and family and called it the “Manor of Masque,” but when he sent surveyors to run so many years, as agreed upon where the out the manor they trespassed on a tract capitalist made both sides of the bargain, of land -which was held by grant from Lord of their labor, for money or sustenance, Baltimore. This led to a dispute, in which several of the settlers were killed and generally claimed to have been furnished wounded. In the French and Indian war to convey the seryant to this county. what was afterwards made Adams county furnished four companies, so that the set¬ These servants, or they and their time, tlers had a taste of fighting before the were matters of transfer as any other revolution. property. There are no records by The stories of Colonel Swope's battalion at Fort Washington, where almost the en¬ which the number of this class of people tire command was killed or taken prisoners; here can now be ascertained. But when a newspaper commenced to be published in Gettysburg it was a frequent occurence of Captain Moses McClean's company, which to see advertisements offering rewards suffered severely in the night attack on from 1 cent to $10 for the recapture ot Pnoli, and of the individual bravery of many these runaways. They would grow tired soldiers In the revolution tell of the pari of their cruel bargain and “go West to Adams county soldiers took in that great struggle. In the war of 1812 and in th$ grow up with the country”—not even Mexican war Adams county did nobly in fur¬ taking with them Greeley’s historical nishing men for the defnse of the Union. half-dollar or perfected rioe printing Coming down to later times, Adams county press. has the record of having sent 3,000 soldiers to the Union army out of a population of TO BE CONTINUED. 23,000. Title to Enduring- Fame. WfJkA.X V\\.-v. WF WtVtt —->- v- - V When, in 1800, Adams was made a sepa¬ rate county, Gettystown, now Gettysburg, was made the county seat. Gettysburg claims The honor of having the first classical school established west of the Susquehanna. The school was built by Rev. Alexander Dobbin in 1773. In 1826 a Theological Semi¬ nary for the special training of the Luth- , eran ministry was established at Gettys-U burg, and in 1832 a college known as Penn-1: sylvania College was built by the Lutheran ' Church as a preparatory school to the semi¬ nary. One of the oldest churches in the! county is the Lower Marsh Creek Presby- [ terlan church, which was built in 1790. Some of the: most interesting events in the i history of the county are: The battle of Get¬ tysburg, which took place July 1, 2 and 3, 1S63, and which ended so disastrously for . the cause of the South; the delivery on No¬ vember 19, 1863. at the consecration of the ■ 1 Gettysburg National Cemetery, by President Lincoln, of a short address, which the civil¬ ized world has pronounced an inspiration and which is probably the most famous ad¬ dress ever delivered; the fact that Francis Scott Key, the author of the Star Spangled Banner, and Thaddeus Stevens, the great ;v! Commoner, were at one time members of th^ Adams County Bar. I y

i ■ jJ vs p«um n the free schools, was called the “gi^ commoner.” The large stone house whlc.. he occupied while he was superintending the erection of his famous "tapeworm rail¬ from, Jfmln ../^^yc.ar.h\ road” is often pointed out to passengers on the Western Maryland Railroad after the train leaves Marshall Station. Another of .4 /jj€ _ Adams county’s citizens to achieve renown was Edward McPherson, who was clerk in the United States House of Representa¬ tives for many years, and was author of a Data, ^Sv'W ^ ^ ^ number of important Republican docu¬ ments. Moses McClean became distin¬ guished in political life, serving in the Legislature and in Congress. Adams county is the youngest of the three counties forming the Nineteenth Con¬ gressional district, York and Cumberland Famous and Historic Section being each 150 years old. The movement to form a new county originated with the of the Southern Tier Scotch-Irish who were settled in the north¬ western part of what was then York coun¬ of the State. ty. The other sections of York county were peopled largely by German and Dutch set¬ tlers. The race prejudice which manifested itself in other parts of the State when it FAMOUS MEN HER SONS was first settled was very evident here, and as the German population outnumbered the Irish it was natural that the latter should seek to be separated. The act of the Leg¬ Settled by Scotch-Irish and Germans. islature setting apart the new county was only accomplished toy log rolling or combin¬ An Offshoot of Lancaster and ing with other counties that had similar schemes on hand. York Counties. As yet there have been no preparations made for the celebration of the centennial. An effort was made last summer, but the Sfieaat Dispatch to The North America,,. matter was allowed to fall through. It is GETTYSBURG, January 21 likely, however, that some sort of a cele¬ bration will be held in the spring. seco0^0cemurydoTSh:rOUnty TU1 enter

January 22 1800 ThiT^!fh ,Was passed on ...d.» a» »Ss Sts

iement?COt^h"IriSh ^ ^c££S£

Among the German settlers were such names as Schrlver, Myers, Baughman, Diehl, Ruff, Snyder, Schwartz, Sheely, Kellenberger and Hornbtrger. Among the Irish were such names as McSherry, Mc¬ Creary, Marshall, Sanders and Reilly, and the following Scotch-Irish names abounded among the early settlers: Hamilton, Sweeny, Eddies, Blocks, McClean, McClure, Wilson, Agnew, Darbey and McPherson. Many of these names appear on the rec¬ ords of the Revolutionary War and show that the little county was not behindhand In those dark days. Adams county has the proud record of having sent more men into Thaddeus Stevens the Union army than any county of Its size Thaddeus Stevens was admitted to the practice in the United States, having furnished 3000 of law in Adams county in 1816, when he opened soldiers out of a population of 23,000. an office in the east end of the old McClellan House. It is said that while he was on his way Among the members of the Adams county to Baltimore to buy his first law library he bar who have become famous are Francis saw a slave parent and child being sold to be Scott Key, the author of ‘'The Star-Span¬ separated. He spent all he had and purchased gled Banner, and James Buchanan the these instead of the books and returned to Gettys¬ burg. He entered Congress in 1S49 and served two bachelor President, practiced at different terms. He was called “the great commoner" be¬ times in the Adams County Court. But the cause he was such an ardent advocate of and did man of whom Adams county is possibly the so much for the free school system proudest is Thaddeus Stevens, who, be¬ muse he so warmly espoused the cause of ^uainte" . nad been resorted'tom most of the utes, increased the popular discontent. The disastrous results of the battle of J Chancellorsville, May 2d. and 3d., had a particularly depressing effect upon the country. Rumors of foreign intervention also began to darken the political horizon. Such was the aspect of affairs when the j enemy, flushed with victory, and his army largely augmented by considerable num¬ bers of fresh troops, suddenly assumed the offensiye by a bold invasion of the north., ~The Confederate army under General For the following well-written and in¬ Robert E. Lee left its position near Fred¬ teresting etory of the Battle of Gettysburg ericksburg on the 9th of June, moving in we are indebted to Prof. Aaron Sheely. a north-westerly direction, and within a Prof. Sheely’s knowledge of the Battle of few days the valley of the Shenandoah was freed from the only opposing force by Gettysburg is complete. He was an eye¬ the dispersion of Milroy’s command, at witness to many features of it, and during Winchester. the.time of its occurrence gathered togeth¬ As early as the 11th of June the War er much information regarding it. Since Department at Washington, as a precau¬ then, Also, he has given the subject much tionary measure, assigned Major General attention, with the result that he is one of W. T. H. Brooks to the Department of the Monongahela, and Major General D. the most capable men of our community N. Couch to the Department of the Sus¬ to speak upon it. He writes : quehanna, with the headquarters of the! The opening of the year, 1863, accord¬ latter at Harrisburg. General Couch de¬ ing to the Comte’ de Paris, was not au¬ tailed Major G. 0. Haller, of the 7th Regu¬ spicious to the Union cause; and the lar Infantry, to duty at Gettysburg, with month of June, of that year, was probably orders to assume command of military j j the darkest period of the war. It was mid¬ operations in the county. His disposi¬ summer before the light began to break tions were made with promptness and ' through the clouds which then beset the energy. On the evening of the 20th he J National Government. Although the Fed¬ addressed a large public meeting at the ^ erate had gained some territory from their Court-house, urging the citizens of Get¬ adversaries during the preceding year, tysburg to prepare for the emergency, as they had paid dearly for these acquisi- it was evident their homes and fire-sides . tions, and the latter months of that year were about to be inyaded. had been marked by so many disastrous Early on Sunday morning, the 21st., checks to them that the restoration of the the Philadelphia City Troops, an organi¬ Union by force of arms seemed almost im-1 zation under command of Captain Samuel possible. J. Randall, arrived and reported for duty. At the east, the month of December bad j These men furnished their own uniforms seen tbe Army of the Potomac exhaust its] and equipments, a most complete outfit, i strength in vain against the redoubts of and gave their services without pay. The Fredericksburg ; while, in the west, Sher¬ organization had been preserved since the man, on the Mississippi, experienced a i days of the Revolution, and in that strug¬ bloody check before Vicksburg ; and final- gle acted as body-guard to Washington. y, at the centre, the last day of the year It now consisted of about forty members, had been marked by the sad battle of some of whom were descendants of its Murfreesboro ; so desperately fought and original members, and in company with a yet so indecisive. The conflict had been small body of mounted militia, under Cap¬ raging for nearly two years with results tain Bell, it moved out on the Chambers wholly incommensurate with the means burg pike. After a long and circuitous employed. Dissatisfaction with the man¬ ride the troopers at length reached Mon¬ agement of public affairs, and especially terey, a small hamlet on the mountain, with the conduct of the war, was general, where they encountered a party of skir¬ 'he apparently too frequent changes of mishers of the enemy, with whom they nmanders in the army produced a feel- 4 exchanged shots. These reconnoiesances of uneasiness. The conscription, were repeated on the 23d, and on tb^i evening of the following day the 26th ree<1 J .Cw 'Jus-. ment was confirmed the same day, tons - -iLi—_-.zsm.r-'- . lully relieving from all blame the man ment P. Y. M., numbering 735 men, of so greatly wronged at the beginning of the which Company A was composed almost Gettysburg campaign. wholly of students from Pennsylvania Col¬ On the 22d, Lee threw Ewell’s Corps lege, was sent from Harrisburg to Gettys¬ “Tif6 Potomac, at Shepherdstown burg for the purpose of helping to hold and Williamsport, with orders to advance the enemy in cneck ; but as the train on upon Hagerstown, Lee following a few which they were coming was wrecked at a ays later with the remaining two corps of point six miles from Gettysburg, they is army, commanded respectively by were obliged to go into camp and remain Longetreet and A. P. Hill. From Hagers¬ there for a day. town, General Ewell, with Rodes’ and The regiment arrived at Gettysburg Johnson’s divisions, preceded by Jenkins’ from their camping ground at 9 A. M., on ava ry, maiohed to Chambersburg Friday, the 26th, and by order of Major whence, by a forced march, he reached Haller was sent forward at 10.30 A. M. on Carlisle with these two divisions on the a reconnoitering expedition in the direc J7th ; the next day a band of scouts, with tion of Ca8hiown. Proceeding about three some officers, proceeded to reconnoitre miles westward, and fearing the approach the approaches to Harrisburg. Notwitb of the enemy in force, the command halt¬ standing the spasmodic efforts of the ed at some distance from the main road, authorities of the city to put it in a state throwing out pickets and otherwise guard¬ defence, the Confederates could prob- ing their position. About 3 P. M., the ably have taken the city. At all events little baud was surprised by the rapid ad¬ Ewell was preparing to make the attempt vance of White’s Confederate Cavalry, 180 when an order from Lee suddenly put a to 200 strong, by which 36 of their num¬ stop to his movement. ber were captured. These were taken in¬ Early’s division of Ewell’s corps, which to Gettysburg as prisoners, and subse¬ had occupied Boonsboro, moved directly quently paroled at the Court-house. The o Green wood, a village on the turnpike next morning about 100 more of the regi- leading from Chambersburg to Gettys¬ ment were taken prisoners at a point burg, eight miles from the former place about three miles out the Newville road, when in pursuance of instructions from where 600 of the regiment had encamped’ Lee, Early marched in the direction of These were paroled at Hunterstown later in the day. Gettysburg. At Cashtown, eight miles from Gettysburg, Early separated For ordering this reconnoissance by the his force, sending Gordon’s brigade to 26th, which resulted in the capture of a Gettysburg with orders to occupy the «jn*Jderabl® cumber of its members as town, while with the remainder of his prisoners, Major Haller was subseq5ent.lv command he took the more direct road to lammed from the service for alleged ork by way of Mummasburg, at which loval conduct,” but the true reason wa. latter place, five miles from Gettysburg, that he was a Democrat in p„l|“° a„d be encamped for the night. an admirer of General George B. McOlel Soon after Gordon’s brigade had taken Ian, then the idol of the army of the Poto! possession of the town, General Early with his staff, rode in from Mummasburg or the purpose of communicating with the borough authorities in reference to subsistence for the troops. The requisi- posed of officers of the TJ x \ ’ 0m' tion was written by Early while seated on ized to examine the whole TaUer^nd his horse in front of one of the principal business houses of the town, and was S a full611""183’ tbe^id ^ alter a full examination of the whole somewhat informal, calling for 60 barrels subject, t&ey made a report fully and en ?f9m°Ur’ 7’?°0 P°llnds 0f pork or bacon, tirely exonerating Major Haller from a^l 1,200 pounds of sugar, 600 pounds of coffee, 1,000 pounds of salt, 10 bushels of sue ruesideut. The result was that Presi¬ dent Hayes immediately sent the name of '$>10,000SiTnnn in1,000 money. PairS °f 8h°es’ 500 hat8> or Granville O. Halle, w the Sen,,. The requisition was answered by M- statement, with the rank of Colon , ? David Kendlehart, President of Town l*-te from February 19,1873, said appoint? Council, as follows: Oir- Gettysburg, Pa., June 26, 1863. eral Early: ■—4--j Sir :—The authorities of the formed efficient eervice as scouts, frequent- | ' /Ugh of Gettysburg, in answer to the ly coming in contact with ‘the enemy, .mand made by you upon the said bor¬ ough and county, say their authority ex¬ sometimes making narrow esbapes. i tends but to the borough; that the requisi¬ On Saturday, the 27th, th^ enemy left tion cannot be given, as it is utterly im¬ Gettysburg for York, going by way of I possible to comply. The quantities re¬ .Hanover, Abbottstown and East Berlin, quired are far beyond that in our possess¬ ion. In compliance, however, to the de¬ three different routes. Sunday,, the 28th, mands, we will request the stores to be at noon, two regiments of Federal oavalry, open and the citizens to furnish whatever about 2,00b strong, commanded by Colo¬ they can of such provisions, etc., as may nel Copeland, arrived in Gettysburg from be asked. Further we cannot promise. By authority of the Council of the Bor the direction of Emmitsburg. On Tues¬ ough of Gettysburg, I hereunto as Presi¬ day, the 30th, at about 10 a. m., General dent of said Board, attach my name. Pettigrew, of Hill’s Corps, with his brig¬ D. Kendlehart. ade, comprising several thousand men, ad¬ While these negotiations were pending vanced on the Cashtown pike to the top i it was discovered that a number of cars at of Seminary Pddge, on its way to town to l the raiload depot were filled with supplies secure a supply of shoes reported to be in k for Colonel Jennings’ 26 regiment, P. V. Mcllhenny’s store, on Centre Square. The | M. These were at once seized and appro¬ column halted on the hill for an hour or priated by the invaders. It was probably more, the advance in front of the Sheads this opportune capture of these stores and house, when it quietly fell back without , the receipt of ordets by General Early the coveted footwear, probably aware of j about the same time to proceed at once to the near approach of Meade s aimy. ^ i York, that saved the town from a burden- was this same brigade, the next morning, j 1 some levy. commanded by General Henry Hetb in Soon after the arrival of the enemy, the person, who is authority for the statement, I i railroad bridge across Rock creek, half a that precipitated the battle by its unex- mile east of the town, was fired by order peeled encounter with Buford’s Cava ry j of General Gordon, ajnd while it was burn- land the support which arrived so oppor- > I ing a dozen or more cars, some filled with tunely. ... X merchandise and others empty, were set Major-General J. E. B. Stuart, with tK , on fire and started down the track, prob¬ Confederate cavalry, crossed the Potomac ably for the purpose of assuring the com¬ river at Harper’s Ferry, and managed to plete destruction of the bridge, but they elude every cavalry force sent after him, all passed over the burning structure and until be reached the town of Hanover, ] were consumed a short distance beyond. where, on the 29th, he was defeated by Altogether about twenty cars were burned, Kilpatrick in a fierce engagement of eight belonging to the Pennsylvania, Northern hours, after which he moved in the direc¬ Central, and Hanover Branch railroad tion of York and Carlisle. companies, besides three or four belonging Meanwhile, on the 11th and 12th of to individuals. One of the cars contained June, the Federal army had broken camp asupply of muskets tor Colonel Jennings’ and marched northward on a line nearly command, and these were also destroyed, parallel with the enemy. The routes fol¬ their captors professing to have no use for • lowed by the several portions of the army them. were not allowed to be known to the pub¬ The Confederate advanoe consisted of lic, and it was not even known that Hook¬ White’s cavalry, numbering about 180 er had crossed vhe Potomac until the 27th, men, and as they entered the town they when tbe general headquarters were at charged up Cham bersburg street at a rapid Frederick City. rate, in pursuit of a number of persons on On this day General Hooker was re¬ horseback who were hurrying out York lieved from tbe command of tbe Army of and Baltimore streets, trying to escape, i the Potomac, which was conferred upon 4 few shots were fired, and the fugitives Major-General George G. Meade, of Penn¬ halted. In one instance a member of sylvania. On the morning after assuming Bell’s cavalry was pursued out the Balti¬ command, General Meade ordered the more pike for a distance of nearly two main body of his army northward into miles, by a Confederate cavalryman, and, Pennsylvania, in the general direction of after being vainly halted several times, Harrisburg, on a line parallel with the was shot and instantly killed. route taken by Lee, but on the east side of Bell’s cavalry, a he me company, accept¬ the South Mountain range. ed by the Governor, and formally sworn into the United States service for six months by Major Halier, on the 24th, per- 1 j Major-General Reynolde, commanding1 the First Corps,occupied the extreme left o ' the army, and was instructed by Meade to Evergreen Cemetery, a beautiful burying watch the movements of Lee carefully, but ground, occupies some eighteen acres of ground on its eastern and western slopes, not to bring on a general engagement un¬ on the south side of the Baltimore pike, less it became imperatively necessary to and about half a mile from the town. do so. This ridge commences a few hundred On Tuesday, the 30th, about noon, the yards north of the entrance to this ceme¬ First Division of Federal Cavalry, under tery, and extends far to the south in a line command of Major-General John Buford, parallel to Seminary Ridge. Big and Lit¬ nearly 6,000 strong, arrived from Emmits- tle Round-Tops are both spurs of this burg, passed through the town and went ridge, which formed the main line of Fed¬ into camp a short distance west and north eral defences during the second and third of it, near Seminary Ridge, the First Brig¬ days’ fighting. A short distance east of ade, Colonel Gamble commanding, on the the Cemetery this ridge curves sharply to left, and the Second Brigade, Colonel the right, forming two rocky prominences, Devin, on the right ;_the reserve brigade, known respectively as Culp’s Hill and General Merritt, having been detached, Spangler’s Hill, and terminating in Wolf was absent and under direct orders of the Hill, a rough and wooded knob east of corps commander. The same day the Rock creek, a turbid stream winding First Corps of infantry, 8,000 men, under among the hills and through the wallas? oL Major-General John F. Reynolds, and the this erstwhile beautiful country. Eleventh Corps, numbering 15,000 men, Gettysburg not only possesses many commanded by General O. O. Howard, natural advantages for the fighting of a marched from Emmitsburgto Marsh creekrj great battle in its neighborhood, but its five miles southwest of Gettysburg, whert| numerous and excellent roads give it ad¬ they encamped for the night, Reynolds ditional value from a strategic point of having his headquarters at the public view, being situated at the convergence of bouse of S..S. Moritz. It was at this host¬ ten great roads, which radiate from it like elry that Generals Reynolds and Howard the spokes of a wheel, as follows: The were in consultation until a late hour of pike from Baltimore, by which the6th and the night. It now became evident that a 12th Corps were advancing, comee in on great battle was about to be fought in the the southeast; the road from Taneytown, immediate vicinity of Gettysburg, invested by which the 2nd was advancing, comes as it was by 29,000 Federal troops, and from the south ; that from Hanover, by twice this number of Confederates. which the 5th, as also much of the caval¬ Gettysburg, the county-seat of Adams, ry, was approaching, comes in on the is situated on a beautiful plateau between southeast; that from Emmitsburg, by two slightly elevated ridges, which have which the 1st, 3rd, and a portion of the become famous by reason of the important 11th were advancing, comes from the part they were made to play in the grand southwest; that from Hagerstown, so use¬ drama enacted here. The elevation west ful to Lee in his hasty retreat, comes from of the town, a gently rising ground, is the southwest; that from Chambersburg, known as Seminary Ridge, the Lutheran which was the main thoroughfare for Lee’s Theological Seminary being located here, infantry, cavalry, artillery, as also for large and is distant just one mile from the cen¬ ammunition, wagon and ambulance trains, tre of the town, which it overlooks. This enters from the west; those from Carlisle, ridge extends many miles in a direction al¬ Shippensburg, Harrisburg and York—all most due north and south from the Semi¬ used by Lee in the various movements of nary, and formed the main line of Con¬ his army, coming from the north and east. federate defences during the last two days of the battle. It was on this ridge, where BATTLE OF WEDNESDAY. the Chambersburg pike crosses it, on the On Wednesday, July 1st, at 9.30 o’clock north side of the pike, a short distance in the morning, skirmishing began be¬ west of the stone house, under several tween General Buford’a diamoupt^d cavsil- tents, that General Lee established his headquarters after the first day’s engage¬ ment. The elevation east of the town is called Cemetery Hill, for the reason that . and the advancing Confederates, led by ! given “to double-quick, which was in¬ General Heth, of/Hill’e Corps, and by 10 stantly obeyed, the troops in the advance o’cloe^i the artillery was brought into play. keeping the road to within fifty or sixty Willoaghbyffj run flows immediately west yards of the brick house on the Codori of the position occupied by Buford. farm, where, after the fencing had been Hetjh’s and Pender’s Divisions of Hill’s removed by the pioneer corps, they ob¬ Cor ps), numbering 20,000 men, had moved liqued to the left in a winding, serpentine do^m the Ohambersburg pike, and had course through the fields in the direction j'taken a position along the line of the of Seminary Ridge, which they reached a I stream just mentioned, followed by Ander- short distance south of the Seminary. j son’s Division of the same Corps, occupy- Wadsworth’s Division, composed of Mere¬ f ® position near the Hagerstown road. dith’s and Cutler’s Brigades, as has been J Skirmishing soon brought on a sharp en¬ stated, had the advance, with Cutler on j gagement. tne gallant Buford bravely hold- on the right and Meredith on the left. i ing ground against a greatly superior Arriving at the Seminary, the near pres¬ force of the enemy. ence of the enemy became at once mani¬ Meantime General Reynolds, on receiv¬ fest. General Reynolds promptly ordered I ing intelligence from Buford of the pres¬ a battery in position, and rode forward to ence of the enemy in strong force, hastily Belect ground for a line of battle. Reach¬ broke camp at Marsh Creek, five miles ing a fence at the edge of a body of timber distant, and hurried up his corps, at the in which were concealed the sharpshooters same time ordering General Howard to ! of the enemy he was struck, the ball pass¬ bring up the 11th corps as quickly as pos¬ ing through the neck and killing him al¬ sible. Howard’s corps had also been ad¬ most instantly. Sadly unfortunate for vancing on the Emmitsburg road, but him and for his country, that so sorely | finding it crowded and obstructed by the needed his well-tried services, he fell into | wagon train of the 1st corps, one or two the arms of an aide, and was carried to of the divisions of the 11th corps took a the rear. Major Abner Doubleday imme¬ j parallel road leading to the Taneytown diately assumed command of the Corps, road, hurrying to the front on the latter. but there was no time to wait for orders from the new commander. Instantly, When the advance of the 1st corps right and left, Cutler, with his veterans, reached Sherfy’s Peach Orchard, two and Meredith, with his famous “Iron miles from Gettysburg, and while many Brigade,” wheeled into line on the double- of the men were slaking their thirst and quick. Cutler, having the advance, open¬ filling their canteens with water drawn ed the attack. Meredith became engaged from Wentz’s (now Beecher’s) well, the a few minutes later. The fighting on the sound of a single cannon shot rang out right was tearful for a while, and resulted upon the still morning air, reverberating in the capture of a portion of Davis’ Miss¬ among the hills and mountains. Instantly issippi Brigade, which had taken refuge a rising column of smoke indicated the in an unfinished railroad cut. On the position of the gun as in the direction of left the struggle was, if possible, still Lohr’s Hill on the Chambersburg pike, more severe and bloody. A strong force about three-and-a half miles from Gettys¬ advanced from the woods on the edge of burg. Scarcely bad the sound of the first which Reynolds had fallen but a short discharge died away when it was fol¬ while before, and, though volley after vol¬ lowed in rapid succession by other shots. ley was poured into the column, the men In an instant, as it seemed, Captain did not waver. The proximity and J Mitchell, a gallant aide on General Rey- strength of the enemy at last became so i nold’s staff, came dashing along with or¬ threatening that the 2d Division was ders to the different commanders to push ordered to make a charge, which was suc¬ forward as rapidly as possible. The 1st cessful. Many of the enemy were shot, Corps marched in the following order : bayoneted and driven to partial retreat, a 1st Division under General Wadsworth ; considerable portion of Archer’s Brigade 3d Divison, General Doubleday; next of North Carolina troops being taken pris¬ came five full batteries of artillery under oners on the banks of Willoughby’s Run. Colonel Wainwright; aod bringing up The Federal ranks suffered severely in the rear came the 2d Division of General this action, and it was evident such fight¬ Robinson. At this point the order was ing could not long continue. Wadsworth’s brave men, who had been contending for two hours against a superior force, began to show Bigns of exhaustion. Kodes’ division of 12,000 men was press- , the confidence of tJtXps in M^de ™ j mg the Federal troops so hard that they J were beginning to give way, and the re¬ SicCt;Petr n„°“r,rd part of inforcements now coming up, under Schurz and when Genera, Mead, and ,and Barlow, at the double-quick, took their position on the extreme right and for an hour drove back the advancing foe. hoaoffni „ a tzz'zrue eaemy were Meade’!/ deetruction to I General Early,of Hill’s Corps,then threw Meade s army on the morrow. The terri- the weight of his troops on the scales, | J °WTPe°ple had seen the Harman thus the enemy had 40,000 men and homestead burned to the ground in the as many more in supporting distance, and the Federal troops, to avoid death or cap¬ LTxTouT 3nd disheart-ed and ture, were compelled to fall back on Ceme- General Meade received intelligence of ory hill, where Steinwehr’s division was ready to support them. The 1st Corps whireDghTraent ^ Getty8burS about noon, while he was on Pipe Creek Hill, ^ moved through the town in perfect order, laneytown. Maryland, about 14 miles and took up its position on the left and distant, selecting a line of battle. Shortly jw of Steinwehr. Jhe Uth Corps, which afterwards a second message arrived an nouncing the death of General Reynolds was heavily pressed, lost over 9 snn—— tured in passing through “,50° cap' Meade at onee dictated an order to Gen- “»k »P a a”d ? Hk-tock, dated 1.10 p. M„ directing light centre of the hill. a°d 0n tbe Jim to turn over his corps, the 2d, to eneral Gibbon and proceed to the front 4.30P. M° TE TfSivel °n the hiIJ at assume command of all the troops, and lery and of the sharps "- I oHhl r,di8P0Siti0- 38 the exige°cies any pursuit by the enemy. YVhenTheDted I arr/ / / “lght require- Hancock I arrtved on the field at 3.30 P. M. while corps were in position, General Hancock the retreat to Cemetery Hill was in prog¬ ress and did much by his presence and influence to restore order and inspire the different corps as they came up The^^h men witn confidence in themselves and corps was posted on Culp’s Hill ZZ their new position. About 5 P. M. Gen- ingto Wolf Hill, and the 3d M. ’ °d' eral Sickles arrived from Emmitsburg left of the 1st corps, on Cemeter^HilL ^ with the principal part of the 8d corps, On the Confederate side, Bodes’ and1 and took position on Cemetery Hill to the Early s divisions of Ewell’s corps occupi¬ left of the 2d. corps, occupying nearly the ed the town ; thence the line extendi whole of the line to Round Top. An hour mile east to Rock creek. Johnston’s dfvf later, Slocum’s 12th corps advanced from eion of th's corps arrived the next day’ Two Taverns, on the Baltimore Pike, and July 2d, and occupied the extreme left occupied the extreme right of the line. beyond this stream. Hill’e po».ed o„ BATTLE OF THURSDAY. division on the left, extending from th« Cemetery Hill, the centre of the posi- Chambersburg pike to the Mummasburl tion of the Union Army, was occupied by road, next came Pender and tho ., ® the 11th Corps, under the command of .on; then McLk.,' 7, T*” Major-General Howard, General Ames atreef. corps, which, with Andean-,' holding the angle east of the Baltimore men, had come up too late to participate turnpike, and Generals Schurz and Stein- m the first day’s battle. Hood el P wehr being in the Cemetery, with a stone¬ with his division the nealZl™ Z wall on the north for defence, and an ap¬ took „p a position on th, enemy, “e ple orchard (now the National Cemetery) m front, serving as a cover for the infantry1 Thus matters were on the nieht ef t . and artillery. Thirty-four guns were let The two corps of brave Union troops placed in battery by Major Osborne on 1 had fought vastly superior numbers and Cemetery Hill; and on the portion of the had lost heavily; among others, their to hill east of the Cemetery and the Balti¬ loved commander, General RevneM more turnpike,six batteries were stationed, killed, and Genetal Barlow wounded. Schurz’s division of the Sj Izrrj*earthem red»"b“ corps had, in the morning, been 3 «nn strong, and loat 2)200 in ki)Je w 3 600 and prisoners. ueu> 1 left. "Major-General Pleasanton, who com-1 Wadsworth's division of the First Corps manded the cavalry, with the divisions of ( | 0CCUP!ed a position east of the turnpike Kilpatrick and Gregg, took a position on extending from the 11th Corps on Ceme!, the extreme right, near the Baltimore j tery Hill to Geary’s Division, on the left turnpike, and beyond McAllister’s Mill, j oi the 12th Corps, which constructed and j and east of the creek. Buford’s Division , held the timber breastworks on the crest was placed to the southeast of Round-Ton, i of Culp’s Hill. These works extended! so as to protect the Union left. The re¬ i along the summit of the Hill for nearly a serve artillery and ammunition trains were mile. parked to the east of Round-Top under The 12th Corps, under Major-General shelter of this great natural fortification. Slocum, occupied the line of breastworks- On Thursday and Friday, July 2d and j on Culp’s Hill to JicAllieter’s Mill, a Sd, Rodes’ Division of Ewell’s Corps oc- j point on Rock Creek, about a mile and a I cupied the town on the right ; Early’s | ’ half southeast of Celnetery Hill. Gen¬ Division, in the centre, was placed to the eral Lockwood’s Brigade held the ground east of the town ; and Johnston’s Divis¬ from the Creek to thd crest of the hill. ion, on the left, extended from Early’s General Williams’ Division was on the down Rock Creek, in front of Slocum’s summit, and General Geary’s on the Corps, it being covered and protected by Western slope, reaching to Wadsworth’s ravines and a thick growth of timber. Division of the 1st Cork’s, which extended Hill took a position on Oak Ridge, his ex¬ to the 11th on the / left. Doubleday’s treme left resting on the Mummasburg Division of the 1st Qorps was placed in road, and his right extending to the left ol Ziegler’s Grove, on the western slope of Longstreet’s Corps, at a point south of the Cemetery Hill, and beyond the Taney- town road. Hagerstown road, the Division of Ander- I son occupying the right, that of Pender i The 2d Corps, under Major-General the centre, and that of Heth the left. Hancock, lay in the open fields south of Longstreet’s Corps was placed on the the grove. This was the weakest point of right of Hill’s, extending along the ridge ? our line, there being no natural defences from Hill’s Corps, to the Emmitsburg' whatever, our men being sheltered by road at a point directly west of Round- breastworks of rails and earth, hastily Top, the extreme right of the Confederate thrown up, with batteries placed in their line ; Hood’s Division being on the right rear, so as to fire over their men in the McLaw’s in the centre, and Pickett’s on | trenohes, and sweep the ground in their , the left. This division did not arrive till front. ^ General Hayes’ Division was) Friday morning, when it took position as laced on the right, its extreme right rest- stated. ngupon the grove, Gibbon’s Division in Batteries were stationed along the entire the centre, aDd Caldwell’s on the left. line of Hill’s and Longstreet’s Corps, on The 3d Corps, under Major-General the summit of Oak Ridge, and also to the Sickles, took a position on the left of Han¬ north and northeast of the town, extend¬ cock. This corps extended down to and ing from the Shippensburg to the Bon- on the west of Round-Top, the extreme neauville road, on every available point. eft of the Union position. During the early part of Thursday both f >!a Thursday Sickles’ Corps was in ad¬ armies remained very quiet. With thei vance of the position it held on Friday, a exception of occasional skirmishing by! part oeing stationed in the woods, imme¬ sharpshooters, not a shot was fired. The diate!; west of and in front of both the movements of the enemy, as observed/ Round-Tops. from the Union line, indicated that Lu Tbe $th CorPs> under command of was massing his army on our rig) j Major-General Sykes, and the 6th, under Large bodies of troops were seen in ;eJ Idjor-Gerieral Sedgwick, were stationed distance, but their movements afterw the rear of these, in the intervening proved, as they were suspected to^j vce Detween the Baltimore turnpike and mere feints ; for in reality the e^J Taneytown road, and in a position were all the time actively massing

afterwards, immediately after a stage Historic Adams Boasts of a House of filled with passengers, from Emmitts- Worship Completed in 1794. burg, had crossed it. Mr. Black’s mill [SPECIAL, to the public ledger.] Gettysburg, Jan. 22.—Adams county, dam on Rock creek, and Mr. Pfoutz’s which was 100 years old to-day, has Saw mill dam. on Marsh creek, were one of the most interesting old church partly carried away. Part of the scaf¬ buildings in the State. The old “Hill Church,” which was built by one of the folding about the bridge erected over the strictest of Presbyterian sects, the As¬ Conowago creek, near Berlin,was carried sociate Reformed. The congregation was off, but the structure happily sustained composed of descendants of Scotch-Irish no injury. Covenanters. The church was begun in 1792 and finished a year or two later. It still But the most melancholy and heart has good stone walls and has never been remodeled; has brick aisles and high breaking occurrence yet remains to be | straight backed pews. Around the sound- told, the precise particulars of which we | ing board above the pulpit were thirteen have not been able to learn. It appears

that, on Sunday evening the25th of June away bYelie^huml^ a’ Y" Mr. Jacob Hollinger, son of Mr. Yalen tine Hollinger, of Reading towship, was v.wr,ES'''terSu"ah1'BO,"S “ returning home in alight market wagon, „ b.7nCf,"sh" ™W*re'i '« with his whole family, consisting of his wife and three children. It attempting to pass Great Conowago creek, at * Welshe’s mill, about 2 miles from Ber From, . A f. yi4r?idL lin, the coupling of the wagon gave way and Mrs. Hollinger and her three chil¬ dren were all drowned. He escaped to ./A.—■ | the shore, probably by keeping hold of the lines; but he is so much affected by Bate, / lJ the catastrophe, as to be partially de¬ ranged. J A young man, named Samuel Hilt, was also drowned, on Monday the 26th ultimo, near Berlin, in endeavoring to SELECTING THE save some of the scaffolding at the bridge. We beard, on Saturday last that all the bodies had been found ex¬ cept one of the children.- COUNTY SEAT. Accounts from various places state that the streams were higher than they FOUNDING OF GETTYSBURG. had been for many years, particularly atJ this season of the year, * How James Gettys’ Plantation Came to be Chosen.

[continued prom last week.] O»ooa as ne Dunt rsiuntn a iew ; The - new county was about to be form ago (1880) when it was burned ; arer ed and its municipal machinery to be pu 1 able fact being that it stood for a cent in operation. The contention over thf the first house put up, and was the subject was of the deepest interest. The residence in the place consumed by preponderance of population was along To return a little, by way of explan¬ the east side of the county, with the ation, it is necessary here to say that in Scotch-Irisb in possession of the north 1790 the subject of forming a new county j and the-Dutch of the South. Here were progressed so far as to appoint three com-! distinct interests, each determined to do missioned to select a county seat, and| the very best they could in securing an James Cunningham, Jonathan Hoge and advantageous location of the county seat. James Johnston had been chosen commis¬ It was a tempting morsel, and a field-day sioners to make the selection. They se¬ to sections of the county, contending com¬ lected a tract belonging to Garret Van munities, and even to nearly every indi¬ Orsdel, in Strabane Township, “between vidual who owned a tract of land, on the two roads leading from Hunters and which he had a shanty and a truck patch Gettystown to the brick house, including cleared, that did not lie on the extreme part oi said road.” Then in 1791 the sub¬ borders of the county. Many of these ex¬ ject was again put in motion, and Rev. cited owners of “plantations'1 no doubt Alexander Dobbin and David Moore were saw his shanty and small clearing blown chosen to select the county seat location. in a night /into embryo county capitals, moa-or rein nlrmpf with nothing fur¬ and could Almost see the future great city ther done until 1799, when Gettys, in or-i with its Teeming population, factories, der to be in apt time, deeded to Dobbin grand avenues, palatial residences, bar¬ and Moore, for the use of the new coun¬ onial castles, its towers and minarets! ty, 200 lots, with the quit rents, -and also gleaming in the early morning sun, andj a lot for a “gaol1 ’ and a court house lot. chink in his pockets the fabulous prices! James Gettys purchased the land now oc¬ per front foot the incoming rush of hu cupied by the borough in 1790, and it is inanity would thrust upon him. Like probable, though no official or other evi¬ other elections or selections all could not dence as to dates are now to be found, he realize their fond dreams. soon after conceived the idea of making James Gettys, a man of brains, force of the future county seat, and so announced character and resources, had opened a to the world, and offered inducements for farm, a very large farm for that time, people to come here and settle. One of where the borough of Gettysburg now the conditionsjn his deed to the trustees stands. The improvement included near¬ was the “enhanced value of the remain¬ ly all of the present town limits. He had der of the property from the location of built a small shanty near a spring—of the town seat here.” The ground rent vhich there were many in the locality— upon each of the lots donated to the coun¬ on the north side of the hill, some dis¬ ty was 7s. 6d. The long document is sign¬ tance north of where the McClellan house ed by James and Mary Gettys. now stands, or a little northeast of the In the meantime other parties were as triangle. And as soon as he had fairly busy as was Gettys in the effort to secure got his farm opened the talk commenced the future county town. The most for¬ about forming a new county, to include midable rival was Hunterstown. The; substantially the present county bound¬ strong champions of this place were Dick¬ aries, and this early suggestion, or per¬ son, Brinkerhoff, Schriver and others. It haps even earlier than this, the natural was then very near the center of popula¬ location of the place and the settlements tion of the county, while Gettyscown was north and south and around it suggested very near the geographical center. The to Gettys to lay out a town on his land. latter was championed by such strong It cannot now be ascertained what was men as the McPhersons, McCleans, Mc- the true date of the commencement to Sherrys, Horners, Oobean, Crawford, build a town here. He put up a spacious Dunwoody and many others of nearly two-story log house, the first real resi¬ equal force of character. dence built here, which, with the kitchen The commissioners, Alexander Dobbin and out-buildings standing upon the ele¬ and David Moore, as early as required t j vation, made quite a show. This house the act, had fixed upon Gettysburg, ai_ stood a short distance north of where the on the 23d of February of that year th^. “Globe Inn” now is—northeast of the tri-fi deeded the lots and property conveyed ^ aDgle. He opened this as a hotel. Thej them by Gettys, to the county in th. name of the three county commissioners 1 -IP ' 31 There is no doubt there was a i. Robert Mcllhenny, Jacob Grenamire and of a year in the date of this instrui. , David Edie. In Gettys’ deed he gives the This is made plain by the sentence name of the place as “Gettystown. On county proposed to be struck off.” [further examination of the act creating Robert Hayes, then, was then comm' the county it seems that the friends of sioner to collect subscriptions and l‘ “Gettystown” managed this part of their county fund, and make the payments work as shrewdly as they had that of the public buildings-court house and jt forming toe county. They had the Leg¬ Like all general subscription papers tl islature fix the county seat at this place ; was a hard work to perform, and all tl and the tempting inducement to do this time he was giving notices to “pay up”- was a bond shown the members of the threatening suits against delinquents, etc., Legislature, signed by prominent men, of¬ etc. The most of them paid by labor and fering to pay a large sum toward erecting materials furnished. the county buildings. William McClellan, Henry Hoke and The act authorized the county commis¬ William Hamilton were appointed by law sioners to levy a tax of $3,000 for public commissioners to contract and superin¬ buildings on the county, and it wasagieed tend the erection of the county buildings. that the additional $7,000 for that pur-1 February 29, 1804, the commissioners pose should be contributed by private subscriptions. The act recites the essence made a statemqjrt, in which they charge themselves with $3,000 received from the of the bond, which is signed by Henry Hoke, James Scott, William McClellan, county, and $7,000 from Robert Hayes ; George Kerr, William McPherson, Alex¬ total, $10,000. ander Cobean, Alexander Irwin, Alexan¬ They are then credited with $9,802.70, der Russell, Walter Smith, William Ham¬ money paid for labor and materials on ilton, John Myers, Emanuel Zeigler and the court house and jail. This would in¬ Samuel Sloan, and was for the sum of $7,- dicate the cost of these buildings. Wal¬ 000, to be paid, one-third in six months ter Smith, Henry Hull and Michael Slagle after the passage of the bill, and the two- were the commissioners of the county thirds in equal annual payments there¬ who, on January 28, 1804, certified to the after. This strong and effective bond, ef¬ correctness of this report. The largest fective in making this the county seat, single item in the list of payments is $3,- was in the hand-writing of Alexander 913.124, paid Alexander Cobean for build¬ Russell. The venerable document is ing the jail. The court house was constructed after the one style of all such buildings of that without date, and was long ago marked day-—of brick, with stone foundation, and across its face “Cancelled.v It had bee. square. The lower floor was the court paid according to its tenor. The peopled room, a door in the north and south, the moved by a generous public senlimer.r ;» south door only being used, as the judge’s and as many had pledged, no doubt, t ! - bench was placed against the north door. signers of the $7,000 bond, started s i | < The house stood in the center of the pub¬ scription papers. Five papers were c lic square. On each side of the south culated, and the following receipt ex door was a stairway leading to the gal¬ plains fully the result of this movement: leries, the left stairway also leading to the Received January 6,. 1801, of Rey¬ three rooms on the upper floor, grand, nolds Ramsey, Henry Hoke, Alexander Russell, Alexander Cobean, Alexander and petit jurors’ rooms.. About one-third Irwin, Matthew Smith, George Kerr and of the space in the main court room was James Scott, five subscription papers, given to juries, on the right and left of wherein a number of the inhabitants of the judge, and the attorneys sat in front Gettysburg and its vicinity had subscrib¬ ed certain sums of money supposed to be of the judge. Two great wood stoves eight thousand eight hundred and ninety- heated the room. This was the court seven dollars and thirty cents, for the house room and accommodations that purpose of erecting publick buildings in a served well for over fifty years. The county proposed to be struck off the county of York. From whom I am di¬ building, now the store of Weaver &.Co., rected to collect the sums set opposite the on the northeast corner of the square, was respective names of the aforesaid sub¬ occupied by the county officers, clerks, scribers. etc. [Signed] Robt. Hayes. JZjf LI. .. men, Toner and Musselman,,who T a tEErtfUsiness or me courEs and ! demented to some extent, were con¬ c ,y officers, and the needs of the in- ned in the building, and one had in jitants had long outgrown the accom¬ ae way started the fire, as it had com- modation of the old court house, the peo¬ | euced in his cell, and Musselman’s ple began to importune the grand jury to body was almost wholly consumed. I put up a new and suitable building. All Toner was suflocated. The jail, as it now J j the leading citizens saw'the urgent neces¬ stands, was built in 1851. __ sity for this, and yet they dreaded the great expense. The Democrats had only r fairly got in power in the count}’, and shrewd party leaders were nervous when they thought of a heavy tax upon the From, y people for even the best of purposes. But the people prevailed, and in March, 1858, 'fo if title// / the new court house, as it now stands, was contracted for, and in 1859 it was completed and ready for occupancy. The Bate, Id A/llJti- building is a credit to the county—ample in proportions, strong and solidly built .'....roar.''- ’ from foundation stone to turret, commo¬ Special Telegrata to THE TIMES. dious and well appointed in its court Gettysburg, February 10. room and office, with strong fire-proof One of tbe oldest and among the most in¬ vaults, and crowned with steeple contain¬ teresting of tbe old buildings in tbe State ing bell and town clock. It is a perpet¬ is the “Old Hill Church,” situated in this ual testimony to the good judgment and county. The ground on which the church is built is part of what was known as the integrity of the authorities under whose Manor of Masque, a tract of land laid out auspices it was built, especially when it by William Penn as a manor for himself is known, that in its completion, the and family, and was granted to tbe church whole cost was less than $20,000. There by Penn. The church was built by one of the strictest of Presbyterian sects, the As¬ are many counties in the country that sociated Eeformed. have paid from $40,000 to $120,000 for The congregation was composed of de¬ their court houses, that in every respect j scendants of the Scotch-Irish Covenanters, of whom Rev. Proudfit was probably the were not superior to the Adams County first pastor, having devoted four years to Court House. this county to missionary work, from l«o4 A great improvement to the town was to 1758 Rev. Robert Annan was the first I tearing down the old court house in the | regular pastor of this church, and it was during his first pastorate that the fust public square, and throwing these | '•Hill Church," which was of wood, was grounds open to the public use. built, between the years of 1763 and 1<68. The present stone church was begun in liW-' The jail, after" a fashion, held the few j and finished in 1793 or 1794. It still has a criminals committed to its keeping; that good stone wall. It has never been remod- eled and is quite a curiosity to people who ij is, like all jails, held some, while others have never seen such an edifice. Ihe brick i ■escaped. In 1832, “when the stars fell,’’ aisles, the high pulpit with its sounding there was a murderer in the jail, and it is board above and with the precentors desk in front, the high straight backed seats are supposed this awful display of heavenly things not seen in the churches nowadays. fire works frightened the poor fellow so The "quaint old building is neglected and Is j that he broke out, went to the blacksmith ^Airvrr VII1TI shop, filed off his shackles and fled to the . woods, and, as he forgot to come back J and give himselt up to be hanged, it may be inferred be is still fleeing from the “stars” that do not pursue. On the night January 7, 1850, there was discovered a bright fire burning in the jail. The dis¬ covery was made by a young man of Get¬ tysburg who bad been out late interview¬ ing his sweetheart, and he gave the alarm; but it was too late to save the building, and it bur,n

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