Marion County Participant Sections

Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Marion County ...... 1 City of Bussey ...... 35 City of Hamilton ...... 57 City of Harvey...... 75 City of Knoxville ...... 99 City of Marysville ...... 128 City of Melcher-Dallas ...... 145 City of Pella ...... 173 City of Pleasantville ...... 202 City of Swan ...... 229 Knoxville Hospital & Clinics...... 250 Pella Regional Health Center ...... 259 Central College ...... 269 Knoxville Community School District ...... 283 Melcher-Dallas Community Schools ...... 295 Pella Christian Schools ...... 307 Pella Community Schools ...... 315 Pleasantville Community School District ...... 327 Twin Cedars Community School District ...... 335

Marion County Participant Section s i Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

ii Marion County Participant Section Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

PARTICIPANT SECTION FOR

MARION COUNTY

Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Marion County Participant Section MAR-1 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

OVERVIEW Marion County participated in this hazard mitigation plan in order to reduce the risk to human life and property from hazards. Their participation was extensive: a representative from Marion County attended every public meeting; met with members from the planning team; completed all hazard identification and project identification worksheets; engaged the general public in the planning process; and, assisted in plan development coordination and data analysis.

For Marion County, the top concerns that were identified through this planning process include flash flooding and river flooding, hazardous materials, human disease, infrastructure failure, severe winter storms, and tornadoes. The highest priority projects identified to address these issues include soil stabilization, installing backup generators, hardening public buildings, and increasing bridge capacity.

The following people were heavily involved in the development of Marion County’s Participant Section:

Table 1: Marion County Plan Contributors Name Title Department / Organization Jeff Anderson Director Marion County Emergency Management Agency Kim Pettyjohn Deputy Marion County Emergency Management Agency Melissa Poffenbarger Zoning Administrator Marion County Martha Dykstra Communications Director Marion County Sheriff’s Office Cory Frank Coordinator Marion County Environmental Health Jeff Henson Senior Planner, Project Manager JEO Consulting Group, Inc. John Brennan Planner, Project Coordinator JEO Consulting Group, Inc.

This section contains important information about the Marion County relevant to hazard mitigation, including the following elements:

 Location /Geography  Climate  Transportation  Population  Economic and Housing  Major Employers  Future Development Trends  Parcel Improvements and Valuations  Critical Infrastructure and Key Resources  Historical Hazard Events  Local Hazard of Concern / Risk Assessment  Capability Assessment  Governance  Plan Integration  Mitigation Actions

MAR-2 Marion County Participant Section Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

LOCATION AND GEOGRAPHY Marion County is located in the south central portion of Iowa and covers an area of 571 square miles. Major waterways within the area include Lake Red Rock, which is located approximately one mile north of Knoxville. This is the largest lake in the State of Iowa, and is located entirely within the boundries of Marion County. The Des Moines River is the largest in the county, enterting the county in the northwest before merging with Lake Red Rock. The river then reemerges in the southeast below Lake Red Rock and exits the county just east of Harvey. White Breast Creek is another notable waterway. The creek emerges out of Lake Red Rock just northwest of Knoxville and meanders in a southwesterly direction before exiting the county west of Melcher-Dallas. This area is not heavily forested, nor is it located in a geographic area of the state prone to landslides. Most of Marion County lies in the plains topographic region, and is comprised by agricultural fields.

Marion County Participant Section MAR-3 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Figure 1: Map of Marion County

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CLIMATE Marion’s climate is classified as humid continental, which is marked by variable weather patterns and a large seasonal temperature variance. The average high temperature in Marion County for the month of July is 87.6 degrees and the average low temperature for the month of January is 13.3 degrees. The County averages 29.7 days with a temperature over 90 degrees and 44.3 days below 32 degrees. A historic low of -30.0 degrees occurred in 1912, and a historic high of 114 occurred in 1934. On average, Marion County gets 33.6 inches of rain and 26.9 inches of snowfall per year. The following table compares these climate indicators with those of the entire planning area and the State of Iowa.

Table 2: Climate Data for Marion County Age Marion County State of Iowa July High Temp 87.6° 86.0° January Low Temp 13.3° 14.0° Annual Rain Fall 33.5 inches 34.7 inches Annual Snow Fall 26.9 inches 32.4 inches Days over 90° 29.7 13.8 Days below 32° 44.3 62.9 Source: University of Iowa, High Plains Regional Climate Center, NCDC 2015

TRANSPORTATION Marion County’s major transportation corridors include state highway 5, which runs northwest to southeast through the county. This highway passes through Pleasantville, Knoxville, Attica, and Hamilton. This highway is the primary cooridor for traffic to and from Des Moines. State Highway 92 breifly enters Marion County, just south of Pleasantville, before merging with Highway 5. State Highway 92 primarily transports traffic to and from Indianola in the neighboring western county. There are also lesser traveled highways in the county. State Highway 14, which runs north to south through Columbia, Knoxville, and traveling over Lake Red Rock. State Highway 92 is located in the east-central portion of the county. This highway enters the county just south of Harvey and proceeds due west until merging with Highway 5 near Knoxville. The county also maintains a number of county highways.

There are three non-passenger rail lines operated by three rail companies in Marion County. The largest line travels northwest to southeast and passes through the communities of Pleasantville, Knoxville, Flagler, Harvey, Tracy, Bussey, and Hamilton. This line is largely maintained by BNSF, however NS operated small portions between Knoxville and Flagler and between Tracy and Bussey. UP operates a line in the southwest quadrant of the county, which enters Marion County southwest of Pleasantville, and passed through Melcher-Dallas before proceeding into Lucas County in the South.

There are two publicly owned airports in Marion County. The Pella Municipal Airport is located one mile from Pella’s central business district. The general aviation airport has been at its current site since 1967. No airline services are offered at this airport. Knoxville Municipal Airport has a 4,000 X 75 ft single runway and serves a number of Knoxville businesses, medical emergency services and recreational users. The airport has 34 T hangar facilities. Also located on the airport grounds are a maintenance facility, two community hangars, fuel farm, and ramp space with 18 tie-down areas. An AWOSS Weather System is also located on site.

There is an interestate pipeine which runs east-west through the central portion of the county. This pipeline transports natural gas. The line enters Marion County from the east near county Highway G58 and exits the county just north of the City of Tracy. The pipline has appendeges which travel from the main span to Plesantville, Melcher-Dallas, Pershing, Attica, Harvey. Tracy, Bussey, and Hamilton. The natural gas from these piplines is sold by Interstate Power and Light and MidAmerican Energy to the communities in Marion

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County. This information is relevant to hazard mitigation plans because it indicates possible evacuation corridors in the county, as well as areas more at risk from transportation incidents.

POPULATION The following figure displays the historical population trend from 1910 to 2010. This figure indicates that the population of Marion County has experienced two decades of slight decline and eight decades of growth. This is reflected in housing development as well, which saw development during decades of growth. Over the past decade, the population has increased by 807 people, or by 2 percent. Population trends are notable for hazard mitigation because areas with increasing population often have a higher stress on county resources and infrastructure.

Figure 2: Population 1910-2010 35,000 32,052 33,309 29,669 30,001 30,000 27,019 26,352 24,957 25,727 25,930 25,886 25,000 22,995

20,000

15,000

10,000

5,000

- 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2010, Table DP-01; UNL Iowa Historical Population Report

The following table indicates the county has a comparable age cohort indicators compared to the state of Iowa. Marion County is less ethnically diverse that the state of Iowa as a whole. These demographic variables are relevant to hazard mitigation insofar as the very young and elderly populations may be at greater risk from certain hazards than others. Likewise, additional social indicators may indicate vulnerability. For a more elaborate discussion of this vulnerability, please see Section Four: Risk Assessment.

Table 3: Population Makeup Age Marion County State of Iowa <5 6.4% 6.5% 5-64 77.7% 78.5% >64 15.9% 15.1% Median Age 38.6 38.1 % ethnic minority 3.5% 8.5% % households with children 32.8% 30.5% % that speak English less than very well 1.1% 3.0% Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2009-2013 ACS 5 Years Estimates

MAR-6 Marion County Participant Section Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

ECONOMICS AND HOUSING The following tables indicate that Marion’s median household income is slightly higher than the state as a whole. The county’s per capita income, and median rent are slightly lower compared to the state. Employment rates are similar, while the county has a lower proportion of people living in poverty and living alone compared to the state. Economic indicators are relevant to hazard mitigation because they indicate the relative economic strength of an area. Economic indicators may also influence the county’s level of resiliency during hazardous events.

Table 4: Housing and Income Marion County State of Iowa Median Household Income $54,723 $51,653 Per Capita Income $25,477 $26,992 Median Home Value $132,000 $124,300 Median Rent $652 $670 % Employed 64.8% 64.8% % of people living in poverty 9.2% 12.4% % living alone 26.0 28.8 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2013 American Community Surveys 5-year Estimates

The following figure indicates that the majority of the housing in Marion County was built prior to 1980. According to 2009-2013 ACS 5-year estimates, the county has 13,924 housing units; with 91.1 percent of those units occupied. There are approximately 688 mobile homes in the county and 4,968 percent of the county’s housing was built before 1960. Counties with a substantial number of mobile homes may have a higher number of residents vulnerable to the impacts of high winds, tornadoes, and severe winter storms.

Figure 3: Housing Units by Year Built 3,500 3,246

3,000

2,500

2,003 1,919 1,936 2,000 1,668

1,500 1,394 1,111 1,000 611 500 36 - Built 1939 Built 1940 Built 1950 Built 1960 Built 1970 Built 1980 Built 1990 Built 2000 Built 2010 or earlier to 1949 to 1959 to 1969 to 1979 to 1989 to 1999 to 2009 or later

Source: Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2009-2013 American Community Surveys 5-year Estimates, Table DP04

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Table 5: Housing Units Total Housing Units Occupied Housing Units Jurisdiction Occupied Vacant Owner Renter

Number Percent Number Percent Number Number Marion County 13,924 91.1% 1,233 8.9% 9,622 3,609 Iowa 1,341,001 91.5% 114,454 8.5% 885,942 340,605 Source: Selected Housing Characteristics: 2009 - 2013 ACS 5-year estimates

FUTURE DEVELOPMENT Marion County’s Comprehensive Plan does outline plans for future development throughout the county. To see areas of future development within the planning area, please refer to a specific jurisdiction’s Participant Section. Figure 3 illustrates that Marion County intends to develop land away from the 1% Annual Flood Risk Area by zoning these lands for Open Space.

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Figure 4: Future Land Use Map

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Table 6: Land Use Map

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PARCEL IMPROVEMENTS AND VALUATION The planning team requested parcel data from the Marion County Assessor. This data allowed the planning team to analyze the location, number, and value of property improvements at the parcel level. Improvements are defined as anything that makes land more valuable, such as constructing a home. The data did not contain the number of structures on each parcel. A summary of the results of this analysis is provided in the following table.

Table 7: Parcel Improvements (Unincorporated Area)

Number of Total Total Value of Value of Parcels in Structures in Total Parcels in Parcels Parcels Floodplain Floodplain Structures Floodplain

16,017 4,230 $1,326,649,326 $268,930,510 346 19,474 Source: Iowa Department of Revenue, Property Assessment Division CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE/KEY RESOURCES Each participating jurisdiction identified critical facilities vital for disaster response, providing shelter to the public, and essential for returning the jurisdiction’s functions to normal during and after a disaster. Marion County identified 4 critical facilities meeting these criteria. Critical facilities were identified during the original planning process and updated by the local planning team as a part of the plan update. The following table and figure provide a summary of the critical facilities for the jurisdiction.

Table 8: List of Critical Facilities in Marion County

Number Name In Floodplain?

1 Well Yes 2 Hydroelectric Plant Yes 3 Junction 92 Shop No 4 Clay Road Shop No

Marion County Participant Section MAR-11 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Figure 5: Marion County Critical Facilities

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Figure 6: 1% Annual Flood Risk Area

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CHEMICAL STORAGE FIXED SITES According to the Tier II System reports submitted to the Iowa Department of Environmental Quality, there are seven chemical storage sites in Marion County. These seven are listed below.

Table 9: Chemical Storage Fixed Sites Facility Address Hazardous Material 3M Co 3406 E Pleasant, Knoxville  acrylic acid  ethylbenzene  mercury compounds  methyl isobutyl ketone  toluene  xylene (mixed isomers)  zinc compounds

Chem Tech LTD 1006 Business HWY 5,  permethrin Pleasantville  piperonyl butoxide

Pella Corp 102 Main St, Pella  1,2,4-trimethylbenzene  certain glycol ethers  xylene (mixed isomers)

Precision Pulley 300 SE 14th ST, Pella  aluminum oxide (fibrous forms) & Idler Inc.  chromium  cobalt  lead  manganese  nickel Van Gorp Corp 1410 Washington St, Pella  lead  manganese Vermeer Corp 1210 Vermeer Rd E, Pella  1,2,4-trimethylbenzene  benzene  ethylbenzene  ethylene glycol  manganese  methyl tert-butyl ether  propylene  toluene  xylene (mixed isomers) Pella Municipal 519 Oskaloosa St, Pella  barium compounds Power Plant  dioxin and dioxin-like compounds

Source: Iowa Department of Environmental Quality

MAR-14 Marion County Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

HISTORIC SITES According to the National Register of Historic Places for Iowa, there are 26 historic units located in Marion County. 26 of these units are located within the 1% Annual Flood Risk Area.

Table 10: National Historic Registry Date In Site Name Address Listed Floodplain? Ellis, Evan F., Farmhouse 19850103 Off Hwy. 156 No 170th Pl. over North Cedar Hammond Bridge 19980515 Yes Cr. Harvey Railroad Bridge 19980515 Harvey Island Rd. Yes Hays, E. R., House 19840927 301 N. 2nd St. No Marion County Courthouse 19810702 Main St. No Coal Ridge Baptist Church and Cemetery 20060823 1034 IA S71 No Bounded by Lincoln St., Knoxville WPA Athletic Field Historic District 20070802 Robinson St., Stadium St. No and Marion St. Knoxville Veterans Administration Hospital 20120501 1515 W. Pleasant St. No Historic District St. Joseph's Roman Catholic Church and 1 mile E of jct. of Co. Rd. 19950124 No Cemetery Historic District G76 and SE. 97th St. Van Loon, Dirk, House 19771117 1401 University Ave. No Scholte, Dominic Henry P., House 19821210 739 Washington St. No Van Asch, William, House--Huibert Debooy 1105, 1107, & 1109 W. 19871202 No Commercial Room Washington St. Van Spanckeren, B. H. and J. H. H., Row Houses 19900212 505--507 Franklin St. No Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Passenger Jct. of Main and Oskaloosa 19910722 No Depot--Pella Sts. Pella Opera House 19920320 611 Franklin St. No 216th Pl. over Des Moines Wabash Railroad Bridge 19980515 Yes R. East Amsterdam School 20001201 1010 198th Place Yes Vander Wilt, Dirk and Cornelia J., Cottage 20010808 925 Broadway St. No Van Den Berg, Hendrik J. and Wilhelmina H., 20030828 1305 W. Washington St. No Cottage Porter--Rhynsburger House 20030828 514 Broadway St. No Koelman, Philipus J. and Cornelia, House 20051221 1005 Broadway No First Christian Church 20070329 824 Franklin St. No Van Maren, Henry and Johanna, House-- 20080710 615 Main St. No Diamond Filling Station Ten Hagen Cottage-Stegman Store 20080716 1110 W. Washington St. No Peoples Nationals Bank 20100421 717 Main St. No Tuttle, Thomas F. and Nancy, House 20150127 608 Lincoln St. No Source: Iowa State Historical Society

Marion County Participant Section MAR-15 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

HISTORICAL OCCURRENCES The planning team used the NCDC Storm Event Database to determine the number of severe weather events in the county from January 1996 to April 2015. Tornado events have a period of record from January 1950 to April 2015. For a detailed description of each of these hazards, please see Section Four: Risk Assessment. To see municipal impacts of historical occurrences, please refer to a jurisdiction’s specific Participant Section.

The property damages from the NCDC Storm Events Database should be considered as broad estimates only. The National Weather Service makes a best guess on these amounts at the time of the publication from a variety of sources. The storm events below are those which the NCDC classified as occurring “countywide” from 1996-2015.

Figure 7: NCDC Severe Weather Events Month, Year Day Hazard Deaths Injuries Property Damage ($) June, 2003 25 Flash Flood 0 0 $5,000 May, 2004 24 Flash Flood 0 0 $200,000 Totals 0 0 $205,000

RISK ASSESSMENT Hazard Identification The following table is a localized risk assessment of hazards identified specifically for Marion County. Hazards marked with an asterisk are those that the planning team identified as posing the greatest risk. The following table also indicates if the hazard has occurred previously, historical local losses, and specific concerns identified for this hazard. A description of why this hazard is a concern, what the county is currently doing to address this hazard, and what mitigation projects they propose are included in this section. If available, a map indicating the location of mitigation projects can be found at the end of this participant section.

Table 11: Marion County Risk Assessment PREVIOUS SPECIFIC CONCERNS HAZARD TYPE OCCURRENCE LOCAL LOSSES IDENTIFIED Yes/No

Animal/Crop/Plant Disease Yes None No Dam Failure No None Yes Drought Yes None No Earthquake No None No Expansive Soils No None No Extreme Heat Yes None No $205,000 in losses Yes Yes Flash Flooding* (NCDC) Grass or Wildland Fires Yes None No Hailstorm Yes None No Hazardous Materials* No None Yes Human Disease* No None Yes Infrastructure Failure* Yes None Yes Landslide No None No

MAR-16 Marion County Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Levee Failure No None No River Flooding* Yes None Yes $108,000 in annual Yes Yes Severe Winter Storms* property damages Sinkholes No None No Thunderstorms and Lightning Yes None No $33,000 in damages Yes Yes Tornadoes* annually Transportation Incidents Yes None No Windstorm Yes None No *Identified by the planning team as a top concern for the jurisdiction

For more information regarding area wide hazards, please see Section Four: Risk Assessment. The following provides county specific information, reported in the county’s Risk Assessment Summary, which is relevant to the hazards that the county identified as top concerns.

FLASH FLOODING AND RIVER FLOODING

Marion County is equally concerned about flash flooding and river flooding. The Des Moines River, including Lake Red Rock, runs diagonally along the northern half of the county, from the east to the northwest. The lake entails more than 15,000 acres of water, and collects runoff and drainage from more than 12,320 square miles of land from Iowa and southern Minnesota. From a southern fork of the lake runs White Breast Creek, flowing through central and southwestern parts of the county, past Knoxville and Melcher-Dallas. English Creek flows through the eastern, central, and southern parts of the county, along the northern edge of Harvey past Indiana Township to west of Columbia. Cedar Creek flows into eastern Marion County from Mahaska County, dipping south to the west of Bussey, and flowing into southeastern Marysville.

Each of these bodies of water pose significant flooding risks to county communities. Per the NCDC database, flash flooding in Pleasantville on June 12, 2010 caused $60,000 in property damage. Another episode of flooding in Pleasantville on April 26, 2007 caused $250,000 in property damage. In addition, three years ago, a levee nearly failed in Pleasantville. Also per the NCDC database, several storms producing damaging flooding have impacted Bussey or its immediate outskirts in recent years. Of note, on June 25, 2015, Cedar Creek flooded, causing $100,000 in property damage near Bussey. Cedar Creek also flooded near Bussey on April 19, 2013, submerging and forcing the closure of Highway G71. This event caused $10,000 in property damage. The NCDC database records more than 20 additional reports of damaging flooding in or near Bussey since 2000. While Bussey and Pleasantville are top priorities for the County, it is important to note that unincorporated areas of the county are also very at risk.

Low lying areas, and areas along the Des Moines River and major creeks are especially prone to flooding. Several additional areas around the county have poor storm water drainage.

To mitigate lasting impacts from this hazard going forward, the county plans to stabilize soils and banks to minimize flooding. Additionally, the County has used the Comprehensive Plan and Zoning Ordinance to zone all floodplain area as “open space” so that individuals may not develop there.

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

There are many miles of county highways and state routes that pass through Marion County, including State Route 5 that passes roughly northwest to southeast through Pleasantville, Knoxville, and Hamilton, and

Marion County Participant Section MAR-17 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan near Swan and Marysville; State Route 45, which runs through the western end of the county, from Pleasantville to Melcher-Dallas; State Route 14, which bisects the county through the center, passing across Lake Red Rock and through Knoxville; County Highway T-17 that passes north to south through eastern Marion County, through Pella and near Harvey and Marysville; and County Highway G76, which runs along the southern end of the county, from near Melcher-Dallas to Attica, where it connects with State Route 5. Hazardous materials may be transported along all of these routes.

In addition, many miles of railroad pass through the county, including through Bussey, Harvey, Hamilton, Knoxville, Melcher-Dallas, and Pleasantville. Hazardous materials may also be transported along all of these routes. There are also hazardous material storage facilities of concern in Pleasantville. In Knoxville, local car shops, the Hormel plant, and the 3M plant in town all store hazardous materials on site. A law enforcement center in Knoxville is located near the 3M plant. State Highway 92 in Knoxville also runs by a hospital and a Walmart. Vulnerable populations are located near these sites and transportation routes throughout the county.

The county is concerned about the widespread impacts to citizens and commerce, should an incident occur. No known hazardous materials incidents have occurred in the county in recent years. The county courthouse along lies near a potential transport route for hazardous materials.

To address this hazard, the county has a hazmat response team with Level A clothing, additionally, the county has decided to invest in hazard road signs.

HUMAN DISEASE

Marion County experienced a flu epidemic in 2010; and from 2014-2015, there was community concern about possible local impacts should Ebola be reported in the county. The community was especially concerned about a lack of cohesive response between federal, state, and local public health entities.

Also, Central College in Pella has an active study abroad program, through which nearly half the students on campus travel overseas during their studies. Trips are led by faculty and campus organizations. Students can go on mission trips to underdeveloped countries – some of which, campus administration fears, may harbor infectious diseases that could threaten student health.

To address the risks from human disease, Marion County Public Health (MCPH) has a response plan for human disease, including plans for the distribution of media countermeasures via the Strategic National Stockpile coordinated by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). MCPH is also part of the CDC’s Health Alert Network, which is the CDC’s primary method of alerting jurisdictions about urgent public health advisories. Also, MCPH participates in periodic exercises to test its readiness to respond to health risks, including an Ebola exercise in 2015; a regional tabletop exercise in 2009; and a full, checkered flag exercise in 2008. The county frequently educates the public about public health risks as one of its core everyday functions.

To mitigate lasting impacts of this hazard, the county intends to pursue training opportunities for first responders.

INFRASTRUCTURE FAILURE

In recent years, electric power substations have failed in the county. The County is especially concerned about a possible failure of Red Rock Dam, a state-owned dam located about 5 miles northeast of the City of Knoxville proper, along Lake Red Rock. Red Rock Dam controls the flow of this reservoir, so a failure

MAR-18 Marion County Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan of this dam could be catastrophic, possibly involving mass casualties and extensive damage to property and natural resources. The dam has not failed in the past.

To mitigate lasting impacts of this hazard, the county intends to continue maintenance on the Red Rock Dam, as well as conducting emergency exercise to ensure an effective response should failure occur.

SEVERE WINTER STORMS

To address this hazard, the county’s engineering department clears county roads. The county owns plows and graders, and considers its snow removal resources to be sufficient. The county has designated snow routes. About 10 percent of the power lines in the county are buried.

To mitigate lasting impacts from this hazard going forward, the county plans to purchase snowplows, and a backup power generator to prevent prolonged power outages.

TORNADOES

Marion County has a history of damaging tornadoes affecting several jurisdictions since the year 2000. Per the NCDC database, the most damaging was an EF-2 that struck Columbia and Attica on May 30, 2008. The tornado damaged or destroyed several homes, including mobile homes, injured 10 people, and caused $750,000 in property damage. Other notable damaging tornadoes that are recorded in the NCDC database as affecting Marion County since 2000 include the following:

 An EF-1 tornado producing $35,000 in property damage tracked to within three miles of Pleasantville on June 5, 2008. The same tornado also caused $30,000 of property damage near Swan.  An EF-1 tornado near Melcher-Dallas on May 30, 2008 caused $50,000 in property damage a few miles outside of town, damaging trees, farm buildings, and power lines.  On September 30, 2007, a half-mile wide tornado caused EF-1 damage in Pella, leading to $75,000 in property losses.  An F-1 tornado on May 10, 2003 near Columbia caused $30,000 in damage.  An F-1 tornado on May 18, 2000 moved in from Warren County and caused $5,000 of property damage in and around Swan.

The county is concerned about the risk of widespread damage and loss of life from tornadoes – especially at large outdoor venues. The county’s critical facilities have not been damaged by tornadoes in the past.

To address this hazard presently, the county does not have public safe rooms or storm shelters, so persons needing shelter from tornadoes must rely on their own or a neighbor’s storm shelter, safe room, basement, or interior room. Critical county records are backed-up. Marion County Emergency Management provides text alerts to warn residents of severe weather. The county educates residents about tornado safety through media and news releases, and has mutual aid agreements with all of the other counties in Iowa through the Iowa Mutual Aid Compact.

To mitigate lasting impacts of this hazard going forward, the city plans to construct residential safe rooms, as well as harden public buildings.

Marion County Participant Section MAR-19 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

GOVERNANCE The county’s governance structure impacts its ability to implement hazard mitigation actions. The county has the following offices or departments:

 Assessor  Maintenance  Attorney  Mental Health  Auditor  Public Health  Conservation  Recorder  Development Commission  Sanitation  E911  Sherriff  Emergency Management  Treasurer  Engineer  Trustees and Clerks  Environmental Health  Veterans Affairs  GIS Coordinator  Weed Commissioner  Human Resources  Zoning  Information Technology

CAPABILITY ASSESSMENT The planning team developed a capability assessment to better understand the county’s ability to implement hazard mitigation projects. The capability assessment consisted of two main components: a Capability Assessment Survey completed by the jurisdiction and a review of local existing policies, regulations, plans, and the programs. The survey is used to gather information regarding the jurisdiction’s planning and regulatory capability; administrative and technical capability; fiscal capability; and educational and outreach capability.

Mitigation actions will be incorporated into capital improvement plans and annual budgets as opportunities allow. Annual budgets allow for ongoing maintenance of community infrastructure and maintaining critical community assets.

Table MAR.12: Capability Assessment

Survey Components/Subcomponents Existing (Yes/No)

Comprehensive Plan Yes Capital Improvements Plan No Hazard Mitigation Plan Yes Economic Development Plan No Local Emergency Operations Plan Yes Debris Management Plan Yes Planning Local Recovery Plan No Capability Natural Resources Protection Plan No Transportation Plan Yes Watershed Plan No Open Space Preservation Plan Yes Floodplain Management Plan No Storm Water Management Plan No Policies / Storm Water Ordinance No Ordinances Tree Trimming Ordinance No Zoning Ordinance Yes Subdivision Regulation/Ordinance No Site Plan Review Requirements No

MAR-20 Marion County Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Survey Components/Subcomponents Existing (Yes/No)

Historic Preservation Ordinance No Floodplain Ordinance No Building Codes Yes National Flood Insurance Program Yes Community Rating System Yes Planning Commission Yes Hazard Mitigation Planning Commission Yes Floodplain Administration Yes Emergency Manager Yes GIS/Mapping Coordinator Yes Chief Building Official/Inspector No Staffing Engineer Yes Grant Manager No Public Works Official Yes Sanitation Department Yes Housing Program Staff No Historic Preservation Staff Yes Flood Insurance Rate Maps Yes Flood Insurance Study Yes Critical Facilities Inventory Yes Studies and Land Use Map Yes Maps Evacuation Route Map No Capital Improvement Project Funding No Community Development Block Grant No Authority to Levy Taxes for Specific Purposes No Fiscal Gas/Electric Service Fees No Capability Storm Water Service Fees No Water/Sewer Service Fees No Development Impact Fees No General Obligation Revenue or Special Tax Bonds No Local citizen groups or non-profit organizations focused on No environmental protection, emergency preparedness, access and functional needs populations, etc. Please list. Ongoing public education or information program (e.g., No Education responsible water use, fire safety, household preparedness, and environmental education) Outreach Natural Disaster or Safety related school programs No Programs StormReady Certification Yes Firewise Communities Certification No Public-private partnership initiatives addressing disaster- No related issues Mutual Aid Agreements Yes

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PLAN INTEGRATION Building safer and stronger counties can be accomplished through effective plan integration. Integrating hazard mitigation principles into other local planning mechanisms, such as plans addressing land use, transportation, climate change, sustainability, natural and cultural resource protection, watershed management, economic development and others can greatly increase an area’s level of resiliency. While this HMP planning process involved interdepartmental coordination at the local level, this planning process also sought to analyze how existing planning mechanisms were presently integrated and make suggestions for further integration. The plans listed in the preceding table were analyzed using guidance from FEMA’s 2014 Plan Integration Guide. The following paragraph presents a summary of the findings of this analysis are presented.

Marion County’s Comprehensive Plan includes analysis regarding development in the floodplain. The 2013 Comprehensive Plan recommends that all construction is built in areas platted for future development. The plan notes that any development into flood-prone areas should be “appropriately located and properly mitigated”. Future updates to the Comprehensive Plan will include the goals and objectives outlined by this plan update, but there is not currently a timeline for updating the comprehensive plan.

MITIGATION ACTIONS

COMPLETED MITIGATION PROJECTS

Chemicals and Equipment for Firefighting Analysis Acquire modern chemicals and equipment for firefighting Goal/Objective Goal 4, Objective 4.1 Hazard(s) Addressed Grass and Wildland Fires, Urban Fires Potential Funding N/A Lead Agency Marion County Status Completed

Backup Jurisdictional Records Analysis Backup jurisdictional files and records, and store in alternate locations Goal/Objective Goal 4, Objective 4.1 Hazard(s) Addressed All Estimated Cost $1,000 Lead Agency Marion County Status Completed

Snow Removal Polices Analysis Develop/enforce snow removal policies Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.3 Hazard(s) Addressed Severe Winter Storms Lead Agency Marion County Status Completed

Burning Restrictions Analysis Enforce Burning Restrictions Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.3 Hazard(s) Addressed Grass and Wildland Fires

MAR-22 Marion County Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Burning Restrictions Benefits Mitigates the risk of starting fires, especially during fire weather conditions Estimated Cost $1,000 Potential Funding N/A Timeline N/A Priority N/A Lead Agency Marion County Status Completed

Lightning Protection Analysis Lightning protection of tall buildings and towers Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.1 Hazard(s) Addressed Thunderstorms and Lightning Lead Agency Marion County Status Completed

Reverse E-911 Analysis Establish a reverse Enhanced-911 program Goal/Objective Goal 4, Objective 4.1 Hazard(s) Addressed All Benefits Better ensures public awareness of public emergencies Estimated Cost $7,500 Lead Agency Marion County Status Completed

ONGOING/NEW MITIGATION PROJECTS

NFIP Participation Analysis Maintain active participation in the NFIP to include: Continued enforcement of floodplain management requirements (including regulating new construction in Special Flood Hazard Areas [SFHAs]) Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.2 Hazard(s) Addressed Flash Flooding, River Flooding Estimated Cost $1,000 Lead Agency Marion County, Engineer and Roads Department Status Ongoing

Maintain Emergency Operations Center Analysis Maintain emergency operations center with 24-hour capabilities Goal/Objective Goal 4, Objective 4.1 Hazard(s) Addressed All Estimated Cost $100,000 Lead Agency Marion County Emergency Management Status Ongoing

Marion County Participant Section MAR-23 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Emergency Operations Plan Analysis Adopt a thorough emergency operations plan (EOP) addressing hazards and mass casualties Goal/Objective Goal 4, Objective 4.1 Hazard(s) Addressed All Estimated Cost $2,500 Potential Funding County funds Timeline 1 year Priority High Lead Agency Marion County Emergency Management, Marion County Public Health Status Ongoing. Last updated in 2012.

County DFIRM Maps Analysis Ask FEMA for complete digital FIRM maps for the county, or to update them Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.3 Hazard(s) Addressed Flash Flooding, River Flooding Estimated Cost $10,000 Potential Funding County funds Timeline 2-5 years Priority High Lead Agency Board of Supervisors, Marion County Engineer Status Ongoing. 50 percent complete.

Community Drills Analysis Organize and host community drills and exercises throughout the county Goal/Objective Goal 3, Objective 3.1 Hazard(s) Addressed All Estimated Cost $1,000 Potential Funding Local, state, and federal funding Timeline 5+ years Priority High Lead Agency Marion County Public Health Status Ongoing. 25 percent complete.

Repair Dam Analysis Repair Red Rock Dam Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.1 Hazard(s) Addressed Dam Failure Estimated Cost $10,000,000 Potential Funding Local, state funds Timeline 2-5 years Priority High Lead Agency Iowa DNR Status Ongoing. 50 percent complete.

MAR-24 Marion County Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Continuity and Succession Plans Analysis Create jurisdictional continuity of operations and succession plans Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.2 Hazard(s) Addressed All Estimated Cost $1,000 Potential Funding County funds Timeline 2-5 years Priority High Lead Agency Board of Supervisors Status Ongoing. 50 percent complete.

Abandoned Properties Analysis Demolish abandoned properties in unincorporated Marion County Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.2 Hazard(s) Addressed Urban Fires Estimated Cost $15,000 Potential Funding County funds Timeline 2-5 years Priority Medium Lead Agency Board of Supervisors Status Ongoing. 10 percent complete.

Soil Erosion Stabilization Projects Analysis Develop soil erosion stabilization projects Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.1 Hazard(s) Addressed River Flooding Estimated Cost $25,000 Potential Funding County funds Timeline 5+ years Priority Low Lead Agency Board of Supervisors Status Ongoing. 5 percent complete.

Watershed Studies Analysis Develops and implements watershed studies and plans for possible flood prone areas along and near Coon, Coal, and Cedar Creeks Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.2 Hazard(s) Addressed Flash Flooding and River Flooding Estimated Cost $20,000 Potential Funding County funds and engineering department Timeline 2-5 years Priority Medium Lead Agency Marion County Engineering Department Status Ongoing. 5 percent complete.

Marion County Participant Section MAR-25 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Full Review of Policy, Procedure, and Codes Analysis Complete full review of policy, procedure, and codes Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.3 Hazard(s) Addressed All Estimated Cost $2,500 Potential Funding County funds Timeline 2-5 years Priority Low Lead Agency Assessor’s Office, Emergency Management, Engineer’s Office, Environmental Health, Information Technology, Mental Health, Public Health, Sheriff’s Office, Veteran’s Affairs Office, Zoning Department Status Ongoing. 95 percent complete.

GIS Mapping System Implementation Analysis GIS mapping system implementation and digital hazard maps Goal/Objective Goal 3, Objective 3.1 Hazard(s) Addressed All Estimated Cost $5,000 Potential Funding County funds Timeline 2-5 years Priority High Lead Agency County GIS unit Status Ongoing. 90 percent complete.

Harden Public Buildings Analysis Harden public buildings throughout Marion County Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.1 Hazard(s) Addressed Thunderstorms and Lightning, Tornadoes Estimated Cost $100,000 Potential Funding County funds Timeline 5+ years Priority Low Lead Agency Board of Supervisors Status Ongoing. 25 percent complete.

Implement Zoning Ordinances Analysis Implement and enforce zoning ordinances Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.3 Hazard(s) Addressed Flooding Estimated Cost $5,000 Potential Funding County funds Timeline 2-5 years Priority Medium Lead Agency Planning and Zoning Department, Engineering Department Status Ongoing. 90 percent complete.

MAR-26 Marion County Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Improve Roads Analysis Improve roads (resurface, pave, and widen) Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.1 Hazard(s) Addressed Transportation Incidents Estimated Cost $20 million Potential Funding County funds Timeline 5+ years Priority High Lead Agency Board of Supervisors and Engineering Department Status Ongoing. 25 percent complete.

Increase Bridge Capacity Analysis Increase bridge capacity Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.1 Hazard(s) Addressed Transportation Incidents Estimated Cost $1 million Potential Funding County funds Timeline 2-5 years Priority Medium Lead Agency Board of Supervisors and Engineering Department Status Ongoing. 10 percent complete.

Computers and GPS Units Analysis Install computers and/or GPS units in emergency and city vehicles Goal/Objective Goal 4, Objective 4.1 Hazard(s) Addressed All Hazards Estimated Cost $500 Potential Funding County funds Timeline 2-5 years Priority Medium Lead Agency Board of Supervisors Status Ongoing. 10 percent complete.

Hazard Signs Analysis Install hazard signs in area campgrounds, parks, and open spaces Goal/Objective Goal 3, Objective 3.1 Hazard(s) Addressed All Hazards Estimated Cost $1,000 Potential Funding County funds Timeline 1 year Priority Medium Lead Agency Conservation Department Status Ongoing. 10 percent complete.

Marion County Participant Section MAR-27 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Warning Sirens Analysis Install Warning Sirens Goal/Objective Goal 3, Objective 3.1 Hazard(s) Addressed Thunderstorms and Lightning, Tornadoes Estimated Cost $10,000 Potential Funding County funds Timeline 2-5 years Priority High Lead Agency Marion County Emergency Management Status Ongoing. 10 percent complete.

Mobile and Personal Communications Equipment Analysis Purchase new, or modernize and/or harden existing mobile and personal communications equipment Goal/Objective Goal 4, Objective 4.1 Hazard(s) Addressed All Estimated Cost $500,000 Potential Funding County funds Timeline 2-5 years Priority Medium Lead Agency Board of Supervisors Status Ongoing. 10 percent complete.

Road Closure Barricades Analysis Purchase road closure barricades Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.1 Hazard(s) Addressed Flash Flooding, Grass and Wildland Fires, Severe Winter Storms, Thunderstorms and Lightning, Transportation Incidents, Tornadoes Estimated Cost $500/barricade Potential Funding County funds, Roads Department Timeline 1 year Priority High Lead Agency Engineering Department Status Ongoing. 10 percent complete.

Snow Plows, Trucks, and Sanders Analysis Purchase snow plows, trucks, and sanders Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.1 Hazard(s) Addressed Severe Winter Storms Estimated Cost $100,000 Potential Funding County funds, Roads Department Timeline 5+ years Priority High Lead Agency Board of Supervisors Status Ongoing. 25 percent complete.

MAR-28 Marion County Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Backup Power Generators Analysis Purchase/install backup fixed power generators Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.1 Hazard(s) Addressed All Estimated Cost $25,000 Potential Funding County funds Timeline 5+ years Priority High Lead Agency Board of Supervisors Status Ongoing. 20 percent complete.

Train Emergency Response Personnel Analysis Train first responders, EMTs, firefighters, and emergency disaster responders Goal/Objective Goal 4, Objective 4.1 Hazard(s) Addressed All Estimated Cost $20,000 Potential Funding County funds Timeline 2-5 years Priority High Lead Agency Marion County Emergency Management Status Ongoing. 25 percent complete.

Tree Planting Programs Analysis Tree planting programs on public property Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.1 Hazard(s) Addressed High Winds, Severe Winter Storms Estimated Cost $5,000 Potential Funding County funds Timeline 2-5 years Priority High Lead Agency Conservation Department Status Ongoing. 25 percent complete.

Stream Modifications Analysis Undertake stream modifications Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.1 Hazard(s) Addressed Flash Flooding, River Flooding Estimated Cost $100,000 Potential Funding County funds Timeline 5+ years Priority Low Lead Agency Engineering Department Status Ongoing. 25 percent complete.

REMOVED MITIGATION PROJECTS

Marion County Participant Section MAR-29 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Building Codes Analysis Adopt building codes to natural hazards Reason for Removal No longer relevant

Storm Shelter Ordinances for Manufactured Homes Analysis Adopt manufactured home development storm shelter ordinances Reason for Removal No longer relevant

Tree Trimming Ordinances Analysis Adopt Tree Trimming Ordinances Reason for Removal Responsibility of communities within the county.

Business and Residential Preparedness Program Analysis Promote and/or offer a business and residential preparedness programs Reason for Removal Removed to prioritize other programs; to be revisited during future updates.

Area Hazardous Materials Transportation Routes Analysis Designate and enforce area hazmat transportation routes Reason for Removal Not a county-level action, requires state action (IDOT)

Leadership Awareness Campaign Analysis Develop annual leadership awareness campaign about the hazard plan Reason for Removal Lack of public/political support

Electronic Directory Analysis Develop electronic directory of local and other resources Reason for Removal No longer needed

Extreme Heat Event Medical Response Plan Analysis Develop and implement and extreme heat event medical response plan Reason for Removal No longer relevant

Recovery Plan for Power Failure Analysis Develop and implement recovery plan for power failure Reason for Removal Addressed through redundancy efforts.

Community Evacuation Plan Analysis Develop, update, and publicize community evacuation plan Reason for Removal Evacuation plans not required country-wide.

Multi-Family Housing Extinguisher Laws Analysis Enforce multi-family housing extinguisher laws Reason for Removal No longer relevant

OSHA Regulations on Hazardous Materials Analysis Enforce OSHA regulations on hazardous materials Reason for Removal No longer relevant

MAR-30 Marion County Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

HAZMAT Decontamination Sites Analysis Establish HAZMAT decontamination sites Reason for Removal No longer relevant

Neighbor Water Programs for Vulnerable Populations Analysis Establish neighbor water programs for vulnerable populations during winter storms, extreme heat, et cetera Reason for Removal No longer relevant

Community Shelters Analysis Formally designate and stock buildings as community shelters Reason for Removal Safe rooms needed to be included for the county.

Public Information Officer Analysis Hire or designate a PIO Reason for Removal PIOs are designated as needed and addressed in the LEOP.

Improve Public Awareness Analysis Improve public awareness of hazard risks, including by distributing printed materials Reason for Removal No longer relevant

Commercial Briefings Analysis Hold commercial briefings immediately after events Reason for Removal Sharing of information post-disaster is addressed in the LEOP.

Flood Gauges Analysis Install flood gauges Reason for Removal Exceeds the county’s authority.

Wind Breaks Analysis Install wind breaks Reason for Removal Landowners can choose to install wind breaks, currently the county has prioritized other actions.

Safe Room Retrofits Analysis Integrate safe room retrofits into critical assets & facilities Reason for Removal Due to lack of funds retrofits are not possible. Safe rooms will be considered as a part of new construction.

Alternative Energy Sources Analysis Investigate and implement alternative energy sources Reason for Removal No longer relevant

Promote Good Landscaping Practices Analysis Promote good landscaping practices among property owners Reason for Removal Not a priority at this time.

Marion County Participant Section MAR-31 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Promote NOAA Weather Radio Purchases Analysis Promote NOAA weather radio purchases by citizens using rebate initiative Reason for Removal Funds are currently not available to support a rebate program.

Promote Tornado Safe Rooms Analysis Promote the construction of private in-home tornado safe rooms Reason for Removal Residents are aware of the threat posed by tornados and may opt to install safe rooms.

Promote Tree and Vegetation Maintenance Analysis Promote tree and vegetation maintenance on private properties Reason for Removal This is the responsibility of landowners and already occurs.

Safe Room Design for Buildings and Developers Analysis Promote and provide tornado safe room design education for builders and developers. Reason for Removal Resources are currently unavailable to support this effort.

New Fire Trucks and Ambulances Analysis Purchase new fire trucks and ambulances. Status Fire departments and single jurisdictions are responsible for this effort.

SCBAs Analysis Purchase SCBAs Status Fire departments and single jurisdictions are responsible for this effort.

Thermal Imaging System Analysis Purchase thermal imaging system for fire dept Status Fire departments and single jurisdictions are responsible for this effort.

Vehicle Extrication Equipment Analysis Purchase vehicle extrication equipment Status Fire departments and single jurisdictions are responsible for this effort.

Redundant Utilities Analysis Establish redundant water, sewer, electric, and gas systems Status No longer relevant

Improve Infrastructure Analysis Replace, expand, or improve water and sewer lines Status No longer relevant

Harden Existing Utilities Analysis Retrofit, or harden existing utility lines Status No longer relevant

Special Needs Inventory Analysis Establish special needs/oxygen user registration program Status No longer relevant

MAR-32 Marion County Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Subdivision Ordinances Analysis Establish subdivision ordinances to address hazard interface areas Reason for Removal No longer relevant

Marion County Participant Section MAR-33 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

MAR-34 Marion County Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

PARTICIPANT SECTION FOR THE

CITY OF BUSSEY

Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

January 2016

The City of Bussey Participant Section BUS-35 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

OVERVIEW The City of Bussey participated in this hazard mitigation plan in order to reduce the risk to human life and property from hazards. Their participation was extensive: a representative from Bussey attended every public meeting; met with members from the planning team; completed all hazard identification and project identification worksheets; engaged the general public in the planning process; and, assisted in plan development coordination and data analysis.

For Bussey, the top concerns that were identified through this planning process include flash flooding, grass and wildland fires, hazardous material incidents, severe winter storms, thunderstorms and lightning, and tornadoes. The highest priority projects identified to address these issues include clearing and deepening drainage ditches in the public right-of-way, and encouraging the purchase of NOAA weather radios,

The following people were heavily involved in the development of Bussey’s Participant Section:

Table BUS.1. The City of Bussey Plan Contributors Name Title Department / Organization Jeff Anderson Director Marion County Emergency Management Agency Brian DesPlanque Fire Chief City of Bussey Jeff Henson Senior Planner, Project Manager JEO Consulting Group, Inc. John Brennan Planner, Project Coordinator JEO Consulting Group, Inc.

This section contains important information about the City of Bussey relevant to hazard mitigation, including the following elements:

BUS-36 Marion County Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

LOCATION AND GEOGRAPHY The City of Bussey is located in the south eastern portion of Marion County and covers an area of 0.33 square miles. Major waterways within the area include Cedar Creek, which is locates approximately 1 mile west/northwest of the community, and Coal Creek, which is located approximately 1 miles southeast of Bussey. The Des Moines River is located approximately 4 miles northeast of Bussey. The area is not heavily forested, nor is it located in a geographic area of the state prone to landslides. Most of Bussey lies in the plains topographic region, and is surrounded by agricultural fields.

Figure BUS.1: Map of the City of Bussey

The City of Bussey Participant Section BUS-37 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

CLIMATE Bussey’s climate is classified as humid continental, which is marked by variable weather patterns and a large seasonal temperature variance. The average high temperature in Bussey for the month of July is 87.6 degrees and the average low temperature for the month of January is 13.3 degrees. Bussey averages 29.7 days with a temperature over 90 degrees and 44.3 days below 32 degrees. A historic low of -30 degrees occurred in 1912, and a historic high of 114 occurred in 1934. On average, Bussey gets 33.6 inches of rain and 26.9 inches of snowfall per year. The following table compares these climate indicators with those of the entire planning area and the State of Iowa.

Table BUS.2: Climate Data for the City of Bussey Age Bussey Marion County State of Iowa July High Temp 87.6° 87.6° 86.0° January Low Temp 13.3° 13.3° 14.0° Annual Rain Fall 33.6 inches 33.5 inches 34.7 inches Annual Snow Fall 26.9 inches 26.9 inches 32.4 inches Days over 90° 29.7 29.7 13.8 Days below 32° 44.3 44.3 62.9 Source: University of Iowa, High Plains Regional Climate Center, NCDC 2015

TRANSPORTATION Bussey’s major transportation corridors include county highway G71, which enters Bussey from the east before terminating at western edge of the city. Highway 156 enters the city from the north west and forms the northwestern boundry of the city. Highway T23 enters Bussey from the South and is renamed Merrill St within corporal limits. The BNSF line runs north the south through the center of the city. This information is relevant to hazard mitigation plans because it indicates possible evacuation corridors in the community, as well as areas more at risk to transportation incidents.

POPULATION The following figure displays the historical population trend from 1910 to 2010. This figure indicates that the population of Bussey has experienced seven decades of decline and three decades of growth. This is reflected in housing development as well, which saw development during decades of growth. Over the past decade, the population has declined by 28 people, or by 6 percent. Population trends are notable for hazard mitigation because communities with declining population may have a higher level of unoccupied housing that is not being up kept. Decreasing populations can also represent decreasing tax revenue for the community which could make implementation of mitigation actions more fiscally challenging.

BUS-38 Marion County Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Figure BUS.2: Population 1910-2010 800 669 700 632 633 585 579 600 546 557 498 494 450 500 422 400

300

200

100

0 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2010, Table DP-01; UNL Iowa Historical Population Report

The following table indicates the Bussey has a slightly higher percentage of people under the age of 5 and over the age of 64 than Marion County. Bussey has a slightly higher median age, a slightly higher percentage of people that speak English less than very well. Bussey’s is less ethnically diverse that the state of Iowa as a whole. There is a higher number of households with children compared to other areas of Iowa. These demographic variables are relevant to hazard mitigation insofar as the very young and elderly populations may be at greater risk from certain hazards than others. Likewise, additional social indicators may indicate vulnerability. For a more elaborate discussion of this vulnerability, please see Section Four: Risk Assessment.

Table BUS.3: Population Makeup Age Bussey Marion County State of Iowa <5 7.7% 6.4% 6.5% 5-64 75.9% 77.7% 78.5% >64 16.5% 15.9% 15.1% Median Age 41.9 38.6 38.1 % ethnic minority 2.6% 3.5% 8.5 % households with children 34.8% 32.8% 30.5% % that English less than very well 5.0% 1.1% 3.0% Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2009-2013 ACS 5 Years Estimates

ECONOMICS AND HOUSING The following tables indicate that Bussey’s median household income is notably lower that of the county’s as a whole. Bussey also has a noticeably lower per capita income and a lower median home value compared to the county. Poverty and unemployment rates are also relatively higher in Bussey. Economic indicators are relevant to hazard mitigation because they indicate the relative economic strength of an area. Economic indicators may also influence a community’s level of resiliency during hazardous events.

Table BUS.4: Housing and Income City of Bussey Marion County State of Iowa Median Household Income $33,333 $54,723 $51,653 Per Capita Income $18,191 $25,477 $26,992 Median Home Value $59,600 $132,000 $124,300 Median Rent $532 $652 $670

The City of Bussey Participant Section BUS-39 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

City of Bussey Marion County State of Iowa % Employed 55.3% 64.8% 64.8% % of people living in poverty 16.2% 9.2% 12.4% % living alone 32.0 26.0 28.8 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2013 American Community Surveys 5-year Estimates

The following figure indicates that the majority of the housing in Bussey was built prior to 1960. According to 2009-2013 ACS 5-year estimates, the community has 200 housing units; with 89.0 percent of those units occupied. There are approximately 28 mobile homes in the community and 114 percent of the community’s housing was built before 1960. Communities with a substantial number of mobile homes may have a higher number of residents vulnerable to the impacts of high winds, tornadoes, and severe winter storms.

Figure BUS.3: Housing Units by Year Built 100 91 90

50 41 40

30 19 19 20 11 10 7 8 4 - - Built 1939 Built 1940 Built 1950 Built 1960 Built 1970 Built 1980 Built 1990 Built 2000 Built 2010 or earlier to 1949 to 1959 to 1969 to 1979 to 1989 to 1999 to 2009 or later

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2009-2013 American Community Surveys 5-year Estimates, Table DP04

Table BUS.5: Housing Units Total Housing Units Occupied Housing Units

Jurisdiction Occupied Vacant Owner Renter Number Percent Number Percent Number Number

Bussey 178 89.0% 22 11.0% 139 39

Marion County 13,924 91.1% 1,233 8.9% 9,622 3,609 Iowa 1,341,001 91.5% 114,454 8.5% 885,942 340,605 Source: Selected Housing Characteristics: 2009 - 2013 ACS 5-year estimates

BUS-40 Marion County Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Figure BUS.4: Land Use Map

The City of Bussey Participant Section BUS-41 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

PARCEL IMPROVEMENTS AND VALUATION The planning team requested parcel data from the Marion County Assessor. This data allowed the planning team to analyze the location, number, and value of property improvements at the parcel level. Improvements are defined as anything that make land more valuable, such constructing a home. The data did not contain the number of structures on each parcel. A summary of the results of this analysis is provided in the following table.

Table BUS.6: Parcel Improvements Total Parcels Number of Total Value of Value of Parcels in Structures Total Parcels in Parcels Floodplain in Structures Floodplain Floodplain 229 0 $7,009,860 $0 0 209 Source: Iowa Department of Revenue, Property Assessment Division CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE/KEY RESOURCES Each participating jurisdiction identified critical facilities vital for disaster response, providing shelter to the public, and essential for returning the jurisdiction’s functions to normal during and after a disaster. Bussey identified five critical facilities meeting this criterion. Critical facilities were identified during the original planning process and updated by the local planning team during as a part of the plan update. The following table and figure provide a summary of the critical facilities for the jurisdiction.

Table BUS.7: List of Critical Facilities in the Village of Bussey Number Name In Floodplain? 1 City Hall/Fire Station No 2 Water Tower No 3 Water Tower No 4 Lagoon Yes 5 City Maintenance Shop No

BUS-42 Marion County Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Figure 8: Bussey Critical Facilities

The City of Bussey Participant Section BUS-43 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Figure 9: Bussey Future Land Use Map

BUS-44 Marion County Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

CHEMICAL STORAGE FIXED SITES According to the Tier II System reports submitted to the Iowa Department of Environmental Quality, there is no chemical storage sites in Bussey.

HISTORIC SITES According to the National Register of Historic Places for Iowa, there is one historic unit located northwest of the City of Bussey. One of these units are located within the 1% Annual Flood Risk Area.

Table BUS.8: National Historic Registry Site Name Date Listed Address In Floodplain? Ellis, Evan F., Farmhouse 19850103 Off Hwy. 156 No Source: Iowa State Historical Society

HISTORICAL OCCURRENCES The planning team used the NCDC Storm Event Database to determine the number of severe weather events in the community from January 1996 to April 2015. Tornado events have a period of record from January 1950 to April 2015 Due to the large number of events only those with reported impacts are listed in the following table. Hazard events which are only reported at the county zonal level, such as Blizzard, Heavy Snow, etc., are in a following table, however, the exact amount of damage in Bussey for these events is unknown. The table below also contains information on each severe weather event with reported damages in Bussey, including date, deaths, injuries, and property damages. The events may have caused crop damage as well. For a detailed description of each of these hazards, please see Section Four: Risk Assessment.

Table BUS.9: NCDC Severe Weather Events Month, Year Day Hazard Deaths Injuries Property Damage ($) Local Damage Reported June, 2008 8 Flood 0 0 500,000 July, 2010 18 Flood 0 0 100,000 June, 2011 10 Flood 0 0 100,000 June, 2006 14 Flood 0 0 75,000 May, 2008 30 Thunderstorm Wind 0 0 50,000 July, 2008 28 Flood 0 0 50,000 August, 2010 9 Flood 0 0 50,000 May, 2010 13 Flood 0 0 50,000 April, 2004 25 Flood 0 0 50,000 April, 2007 25 Flood 0 0 25,000 May, 2007 6 Flood 0 0 25,000 August, 2007 24 Flood 0 0 25,000 March, 2009 8 Flood 0 0 25,000 June, 2010 22 Flood 0 0 25,000 March, 2010 19 Flood 0 0 25,000 March, 2003 10 Flood 0 0 25,000 May, 2005 25 Flood 0 0 25,000 June, 2011 27 Flood 0 0 25,000 June, 2011 26 Thunderstorm Wind 0 0 20,000 April, 2008 18 Flood 0 0 15,000

The City of Bussey Participant Section BUS-45 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Month, Year Day Hazard Deaths Injuries Property Damage ($) June, 2008 26 Flood 0 0 10,000 July, 2007 8 Flood 0 0 10,000 July, 2008 8 Flood 0 0 10,000 April, 2004 27 Flood 0 0 10,000 May, 2009 14 Flood 0 0 10,000 July, 2009 5 Flood 0 0 10,000 February, 2011 17 Flood 0 0 10,000 April, 2013 18 Flood 0 0 10,000 April, 2003 30 Hail 0 0 10,000 December, 2008 27 Flood 0 0 5,000 June, 2009 18 Flood 0 0 5,000 July, 2009 14 Thunderstorm Wind 0 0 5,000 May, 2010 11 Flood 0 0 5,000 June, 1995 4 Thunderstorm Wind 0 0 5,000 June, 2005 29 Thunderstorm Wind 0 0 5,000 June, 2011 13 Hail 0 0 3,000 May, 2004 17 Thunderstorm Wind 0 0 2,000 Totals 0 0 $1,356,000 Source: January 1996 to October 2014 NOAA National Climatic Data Center

RISK ASSESSMENT Hazard Identification The following table is a localized risk assessment of hazards identified specifically for Bussey. Hazards marked with an asterisk are those that the planning team identified as posing the greatest risk. The following table also indicates if the hazard has occurred previously, historical local losses, and specific concerns identified for this hazard. A description of why this hazard is a concern, what the city is currently doing to address this hazard, and what mitigation projects they propose are included in this section. “Local Losses” in the table below represent the planning team’s recollection of previous damages, while “Specific Concerns Identified” notes whether or not this is a continued concern.

Table BUS.11: The City of Bussey’s Risk Assessment PREVIOUS SPECIFIC CONCERNS HAZARD TYPE OCCURRENCE LOCAL LOSSES IDENTIFIED Yes/No

Animal/Crop/Plant Disease Yes None No Dam Failure No None No Drought Yes None No Earthquake No None No Expansive Soils No None No Extreme Heat Yes None No Flooding in Yes Yes Flash Flooding* unincorporated areas Grass or Wildland Fires* Yes None Yes

BUS-46 The City of Bussey Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Siding, window, roof Yes No Hailstorm damages Hazardous Materials* No Tanker spill in 2006 Yes Human Disease No None No Infrastructure Failure No None No Landslide No None No Levee Failure No None No River Flooding No None Yes Severe Winter Storms* Yes None Yes Sinkholes No None No $20,00 in property Yes Yes Thunderstorms and Lightning* damages (NCDC) Tornadoes* No None Yes Transportation Incidents* Yes Past train derailments Yes Windstorm No None No *Identified by the planning team as a top concern for the jurisdiction

For more information regarding area wide hazards, please see Section Four: Risk Assessment. The following provides community specific information, reported in Bussey’s Risk Assessment Summary, that is relevant to the hazards which the community identified as top concerns.

FLASH FLOODING AND RIVER FLOODING

Marion County has a history of damaging flooding, and Bussey is prone to these events. Per the NCDC database, in recent years, several storms producing damaging flooding have impacted Bussey or its immediate outskirts. Of note, on June 25, 2015, Cedar Creek flooded, causing $100,000 in property damage near town. Cedar Creek also flooded near Bussey on April 19, 2013, submerging and forcing the closure of Highway G71. This event caused $10,000 in property damage. The NCDC database records more than 20 additional reports of damaging flooding in or near Bussey since 2000. The community is most concerned about riverine flooding along Cedar Creek, and is concerned about road closures caused by flooding cutting off access to emergency services. No areas in town are known to have poor storm water drainage; nor has flooding in recent years damaged critical facilities in town.

To mitigate this hazard, the city plans to clear and deepen drainage ditches in the public right of way, as well as constructing storm water drainage structures. Bussey will also continue participation in the NFIP.

GRASS AND WILDLAND FIRES

Bussey experiences a lot of grass fires, with about 10 grass fires occurring in the spring of 2015 alone. To address this hazard in Bussey presently, the city has a fire department with about 20 firefighters. The city does not have a Wildland Urban Interface Code, nor are property owners in the city encouraged or required to maintain defensible space around their structures.

To mitigate this hazard, the city plans to purchase new fire trucks/ambulances.

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

About 10 years ago, a tanker spill impacted Bussey, Today, the city is concerned about hazardous materials that are transported along its highways on trucks, and by rail. There are no hazardous material storage

The City of Bussey Participant Section BUS-47 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan facilities of concern in the city itself, but the fire station is located next to the railroad, as is the local post office.

To address this hazard in Bussey, the city has promoted community awareness of the threat, and educated residents about how to shelter-in-place, should an incident occur. The county’s emergency management agency has a trained hazardous materials team.

SEVERE WINTER STORMS

Per the NCDC database, in recent years, Marion County has experienced frequent winter storms, featuring heavy snowfall, ice, or blizzard-criteria conditions. The city’s main concern about severe winter weather is dangerous road conditions impacting travel and making it difficult for responders to reach people needing medical treatment. Fortunately, severe winter storms have not damaged critical facilities in town in recent years.

During winter storm events, the city is in charge of removing snow from city roads, while the county focuses on clearing county routes. The city owns one snowplow, and does not believe it has adequate resources for snow removal. There are no designated snow routes in town. Marion County does use snow fences. Few if any power lines in town are buried. To improve awareness of severe winter storm events, the community intends to begin a NOAA weather radio rebate initiative.

THUNDERSTORMS AND LIGHTNING

Marion County has a history of damaging severe thunderstorms, and Bussey is prone to them. Per the NCDC database, in recent years, several storms with severe-wind (58 mph or greater) and/or severe- hail (one-inch in diameter or greater) have impacted Bussey.

Of note, a storm on June 26, 2011 generated 66 mph winds that caused $20,000 in property damage in town. Another storm on May 30, 2008 produced 75 mph in Bussey that damaged a garage and tore a roof off a house, causing $50,000 in property damage. A hailstorm in Bussey on April 30, 2003 produced 1.75-inch hail, causing $10,000 in damage in town. The city’s main concern about this hazard is damage caused by lightning strikes, high winds, or hail.

To address this hazard in Bussey, the fire station has a backup power generator, but the school does not. Few if any power lines in town are buried. Some critical facilities have weather radios, and municipal offices use surge protectors to protect their electronic devices.

TORNADOES

Per the NCDC database, no tornadoes since 1996 have been officially recorded as impacting Bussey or its immediate outskirts. However, Marion County has a history of damaging tornadoes, it is possible that Bussey could be impacted by future tornadic events. City officials report that tornadoes have impacted neighboring communities in recent years, resulting in some “close calls” for the city. None of the city’s critical facilities have been damaged by tornadoes in recent years.

The city does not have public safe rooms or storm shelters; so persons needing shelter from tornadoes must rely on their own or a neighbor’s storm shelter, safe room, basement, or interior room. Marion County Emergency Management provides text alerts to warn residents of severe weather. Schools in Bussey hold tornado drills, and the city tests its tornado siren monthly.

BUS-48 The City of Bussey Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

TRANSPORTATION INCIDENTS

County Highway G71 runs east to west, through the center of Bussey, where it loops to the north and west out of town; and Merrill Street in the center of town feeds south into County Highway T23. The city is concerned about transportation incidents along these routes, in addition to the railroad that bisects the town diagonally from northeast to southwest. Chemicals are often transported along each of these routes. City officials report that about a decade ago, a semi-truck carrying diesel fuel rolled over, and nearly spilled fuel into the river. Also a railcar once overturned near town. While, in this incident, corn was spilled, city officials fear a future derailment could produce much worse. Twin Cedars High School is located along Highway G71, and city hall and the town fire station are sited close to the rails.

To mitigate this hazard going forward, the city plans to replace bridges and culverts, as well as improving roads by repaving, resurfacing, and widening roadways.

GOVERNANCE A community’s governance structure impacts its ability to implement hazard mitigation actions. is governed by a Mayor and a 5 member council. Bussey also has a City Clerk and a Fire Chief.

CAPABILITY ASSESSMENT The planning team developed a capability assessment to better understand the community’s ability to implement hazard mitigation projects. The capability assessment consisted of two main components: a Capability Assessment Survey completed by the jurisdiction and a review of local existing policies, regulations, plans, and the programs. The survey is used to gather information regarding the jurisdiction’s planning and regulatory capability; administrative and technical capability; fiscal capability; and educational and outreach capability.

Table BUS.12: Capability Assessment

Survey Components/Subcomponents Existing (Yes/No)

Comprehensive Plan County-level Capital Improvements Plan No Hazard Mitigation Plan Yes Economic Development Plan No Local Emergency Operations Plan No Planning Debris Management Plan No Capability Local Recovery Plan No Natural Resources Protection Plan No Transportation Plan No Watershed Plan No Open Space Preservation Plan No Floodplain Management Plan No Storm Water Management Plan No Policies / Ordinances Storm Water Ordinance No Tree Trimming Ordinance Yes Zoning Ordinance No Subdivision Regulation/Ordinance No

The City of Bussey Participant Section BUS-49 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Survey Components/Subcomponents Existing (Yes/No)

Site Plan Review Requirements Yes Historic Preservation Ordinance No Floodplain Ordinance Yes Building Codes No National Flood Insurance Program Yes Community Rating System No Planning Commission No Hazard Mitigation Planning Commission No Floodplain Administration Yes Emergency Manager County-level GIS/Mapping Coordinator County-level Chief Building Official/Inspector Yes Staffing Engineer County-level Grant Manager No Public Works Official County-level Sanitation Department Yes Housing Program Staff No Historic Preservation Staff No Flood Insurance Rate Maps No Flood Insurance Study No Critical Facilities Inventory No Studies and Maps Land Use Map No Evacuation Route Map No Capital Improvement Project Funding No Community Development Block Grant No Authority to Levy Taxes for Specific Purposes No Fiscal Gas/Electric Service Fees Yes Capability Storm Water Service Fees No Water/Sewer Service Fees Yes Development Impact Fees No General Obligation Revenue or Special Tax Bonds No Local citizen groups or non-profit organizations focused No on environmental protection, emergency preparedness, access and functional needs populations, etc. Please list. Ongoing public education or information program (e.g., Yes Education responsible water use, fire safety, household and preparedness, environmental education) Outreach Natural Disaster or Safety related school programs No Programs StormReady Certification No Firewise Communities Certification No Public-private partnership initiatives addressing No disaster-related issues Mutual Aid Agreements Yes

BUS-50 The City of Bussey Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan this HMP planning process involved interdepartmental coordination at the local level, this planning process also sought to analyze how existing planning mechanisms were presently integrated and make suggestions for further integration. The plans listed in the preceding table were analyzed using guidance from FEMA’s 2014 Plan Integration Guide. The following paragraph presents a summary of the findings of this analysis are presented.

Bussey does not have its own Comprehensive Plan, nor does it have Zoning or Subdivision Regulations. However, Marion County does have a Comprehensive Plan, which includes a land use plan expanding the community in a safe direction, away from any floodplain area. Marion County intends to use the goals and objectives outlined by this plan to steer development in the future. Additionally, the Marion County Comprehensive Plan appears to have addressed floodplain area by choosing to zone 1% Annual Flood Risk Area as “Open Space”. This shows that Marion County officials have already begun to incorporate important objectives of past hazard mitigation plans.

MITIGATION ACTIONS

COMPLETED MITIGATION PROJECTS

Establish alert systems for vulnerable populations Description Vulnerable populations require as much lead-time as possible before a hazard event, work to improve notification systems, such as text-messaging. Status Complete: County EMA offers text notifications Hazard(s) Addressed All Hazards Lead Agency Emergency Management

Install Warning Sirens Description The community has a sufficient tornado siren. Status Complete Hazard(s) Addressed Tornado, All Hazards

Maintain Emergency Operations Center with 24 hour capabilities Description Work to increase the capabilities of an EOC to be outfitted 24 hours a day. Status Complete Hazard(s) Addressed All Hazards

New or upgrade Fire Stations Description Work to make upgrades to existing fire stations. Status Completed Hazard(s) Addressed Grass/Wildfire

Purchase/install Backup Fixed Power Generators Description To prevent a lasting impact from a prolonged power outage, install backup generators. Status In progress, to be completed Hazard(s) Addressed Prolonged Power Outage Location Fire Station/City Hall

ONGOING/NEW MITIGATION PROJECTS

Acquire modern chemicals and equipment for firefighting Description Obtain chemicals and materials to more effectively fight fires. Status 25% complete Hazard(s) Addressed Urban Fire Estimated Cost $5,000

The City of Bussey Participant Section BUS-51 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Funding General Fund Timeline 2-5 years Priority Medium Lead Agency Fire Department

Clear and deepen ditches on right-of-ways Description Work to prevent flooding by deepening or clearing drainage ditches Status 50% complete Hazard(s) Addressed Flooding Estimated Cost $5,000 Funding General Fund (included in annual budget) Timeline 2-5 years Priority Low Lead Agency City/Mayor

Construct community safe rooms in various community areas Description Construct tornado safe rooms in order to protect community members from high wind events. Status Not Yet Started: Currently cost prohibitive Hazard(s) Addressed Tornadoes, High Winds Estimated Cost $500,000 Funding General Fund Timeline 2-5 years Priority Medium Lead Agency City/Mayor

Construct storm water drainage (underground culverts, curb and gutters, basins, buffer strips, etc.) Description In order to minimize flooding, construct storm water drainage structures on waterways Status 35% complete Hazard(s) Addressed Flooding Estimated Cost $50,000 Funding General Fund Timeline 2-5 years Priority Medium Lead Agency City/Mayor

Demolish abandoned properties Description Abandoned properties may not be maintained as well as occupied properties, and may be a source of shrapnel for other structures during a high wind event. Status Not Yet Started Hazard(s) Addressed High Winds, Tornadoes Estimated Cost $15,000 Funding General Fund Timeline 5+ years Priority Low Lead Agency City/Mayor

Develop annual leadership awareness campaign about the plan Description In order to encourage public involvement and participation in the hazard mitigation plan, develop annual leadership training, focusing on mitigation. Status Not Yet Started Hazard(s) Addressed All Hazards Estimated Cost $250

BUS-52 The City of Bussey Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Funding General Fund Timeline 5+ years Priority Low Lead Agency Fire Department

Develop/Maintain Security at applicable assets (surveillance, cameras, lighting) Description To improve security at vulnerable locations, install deterring infrastructure, such as surveillance, and additional lighting. Status Not Yet Started Hazard(s) Addressed Civil Disorder, Terrorism Estimated Cost $10,000 Funding General Fund Timeline 5+ years Priority Low Lead Agency City/Mayor

Establish backup communications center or facilities Description In order to create redundant communications, create an additional backup communication center. Status Not Yet Started Hazard(s) Addressed All Hazards Estimated Cost $10,000 Funding General Fund Timeline 5+ years Priority Low Lead Agency Fire Department

GIS Mapping System implementation and digital maps Description Work to include public input in mapping by improving GIS mapping capabilities Status In progress, 20% complete Hazard(s) Addressed All Hazards Estimated Cost $1,000 Funding General Fund Timeline 2-5 years Priority Low Lead Agency City/Mayor

Improve roads (Resurface, pave, widen, etc.) Description To improve safety of roadways, especially inclement weather, work to make necessary repairs. Status 50% Hazard(s) Addressed Severe winter storms Estimated Cost $250,000 Funding General Fund Timeline 2-5 years Priority Medium Lead Agency City/Mayor

Install New Fire Hydrants Description To provide a greater protection from urban fire, install new fire hydrants Status In progress Hazard(s) Addressed Urban Fire Estimated Cost $5,000 Funding General Fund

The City of Bussey Participant Section BUS-53 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Timeline 5+ years Priority Low Lead Agency Fire Department Integrate safe room retrofits into critical assets/facilities Description Work to create a safe room for high winds/tornadoes from an existing facility Status New Hazard(s) Addressed Tornadoes, High Winds Estimated Cost $250,000 Funding General Fund Timeline 5+ years Priority Low Lead Agency City/Mayor

Promote good landscaping practices among property owners Description Work to promote good landscaping practices for drought awareness. Status In progress, 50% Hazard(s) Addressed Drought Estimated Cost $1,000 Funding General Fund Timeline 2-5 years Priority Low Lead Agency City/Mayor

Purchase new fire trucks and ambulances Description Replace any deficient fire trucks or ambulances at the fire department Status In progress, 50% completed Hazard(s) Addressed Urban Fire Estimated Cost $30,000 Funding General Fund Timeline 2-5 years Priority Low Lead Agency City/Mayor

Promote NOAA weather radio – citizen Purchase (rebate initiative) Description In order to improve awareness of weather events, encourage the purchase of weather radios by using a rebate initiative. Status Not Yet Started Hazard(s) Addressed All Hazards Estimated Cost $10,000 Funding General Fund Timeline 2-5 years Priority Low Lead Agency City/Mayor

Promote the construction of private in-home tornado safe rooms Description Encourage the protection of citizens by offering a program for residential safe rooms Status Not Yet Started Hazard(s) Addressed High Winds, Tornadoes Estimated Cost $250,000 Funding General Fund Timeline 5+ years Priority Low Lead Agency City/Mayor

BUS-54 The City of Bussey Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Promote/Provide Tornado Safe Room Design Education for Buildings and Developers Description Work to assist builders and developers to include tornado safe rooms in new construction Status Not Yet Started Hazard(s) Addressed High Winds, Tornadoes Estimated Cost $1,000 Funding General Fund Timeline 5+ years Priority Low Lead Agency City/Mayor

Purchase/install Backup Fixed Power Generators Description To prevent a lasting impact from a prolonged power outage, install backup generators. Status Not Yet Started Hazard(s) Addressed Severe Winter Storm, Prolonged Power Outage, All Hazards Estimated Cost $25,000 Funding General Fund Timeline 2-5 years Priority Low Lead Agency City/Mayor

Replace Bridges and Culverts Description Replace any deficient bridges or culverts. Status In progress Hazard(s) Addressed Flooding Estimated Cost $250,000 Funding General Fund Timeline 2-5 years Priority Low Lead Agency City Agency

Replace, Expand, or Improve Water and Sewer Lines Description Work to replace any deficient water or sewer lines Status Not Yet Started Hazard(s) Addressed Flooding, drought Estimated Cost $250,000 Funding General Fund Timeline 5+ years Priority Low Lead Agency City Agency

Maintain Active Participation in the NFIP Description Enforcement of floodplain management requirements, including regulating new construction in Special Flood Hazard Areas (SFHAs). Status Ongoing Hazard(s) Addressed Flooding Estimated Cost None Funding None Timeline 1 year Priority Low Lead Agency City/Mayor, Floodplain Administrator

The City of Bussey Participant Section BUS-55 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Harden Public Buildings Description Harden public buildings against high wind events, tornadoes Status Not Yet Started Hazard(s) Addressed High Winds, Tornadoes Estimated Cost $100,000 Funding General Fund Timeline 5+ years Priority Low Lead Agency City/Mayor

Increase public awareness on household hazardous materials Description Increase public awareness on household hazardous materials. Status Ongoing Hazard(s) Addressed Hazardous Materials Estimated Cost $500/annually Funding General Fund Timeline 5+ years Priority Medium Lead Agency City Clerk

REMOVED MITIGATION PROJECTS

Availability of cable or satellite with weather advisory overrides Reason for Removal No longer relevant

Coordinate with FEMA to implement an earthquake program Reason for Removal No longer relevant

Create a jurisdictional continuity of operations/ succession plan Reason for Removal No longer relevant

Increase public awareness of hazard risks- disperse print materials Reason for Removal To be organized by Marion County Emergency Management.

BUS-56 The City of Bussey Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

PARTICIPANT SECTION FOR THE

CITY OF HAMILTON

Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

______The City of Hamilton Participant Section HAM 57 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

OVERVIEW The City of Hamilton participated in this hazard mitigation plan in order to reduce the risk to human life and property from hazards. Their participation was extensive: a representative from Hamilton attended every public meeting; met with members from the planning team; completed all hazard identification and project identification worksheets; engaged the general public in the planning process; and, assisted in plan development coordination and data analysis.

For Hamilton, the top concerns that were identified through this planning process include grass and wildland fires, hailstorms, hazardous materials, severe winter storms, thunderstorms and lightning, tornadoes, transportation incidents, and windstorms. The highest priority projects identified to address these issues includes constructing an alert siren and installing a backup generator.

The following people were heavily involved in the development of Hamilton’s Participant Section:

Table HAM. 1: City of Hamilton Plan Contributors Name Title Department / Organization Patrick Silvers Mayor City of Hamilton Jeff Anderson Director Marion County Emergency Management Agency Jeff Henson Senior Planner, Project Manager JEO Consulting Group, Inc. John Brennan Planner, Project Coordinator JEO Consulting Group, Inc.

This section contains important information about the City of Hamilton relevant to hazard mitigation, including the following elements:

HAM-58 Marion County Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

LOCATION AND GEOGRAPHY The City of Hamilton is located in the south eastern portion of Marion County and covers an area of 0.54 square miles. Major waterways within the area include a tributary of Cedar Creek, located approximately .5 miles west of the community. Cedar Creek itself is located about 1.5 miles northeast of the community. Coal Creek is located approximately 1 mile northeast of Hamilton. The area is not heavily forested, nor is it located in a geographic area of the state prone to landslides. Most of Hamilton lies in the plains topographic region, and is surrounded by agricultural fields.

Figure HAM. 1: Map of the City of Hamilton

______The City of Hamilton Participant Section HAM 59 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

CLIMATE Hamilton’s climate is classified as humid continental, which is marked by variable weather patterns and a large seasonal temperature variance. The average high temperature in Hamilton for the month of July is 87.6 degrees and the average low temperature for the month of January is 13.3 degrees. Hamilton averages 29.7 days with a temperature over 90 degrees and 44.3 days below 32 degrees. A historic low of -30 degrees occurred in 1912, and a historic high of 114 occurred in 1934. On average, Hamilton gets 33.6 inches of rain and 26.9 inches of snowfall per year. The following table compares these climate indicators with those of the entire planning area and the State of Iowa.

Table HAM. 2: Climate Data for the City of Hamilton Age Hamilton Marion County State of Iowa July High Temp 87.6° 87.6° 86.0° January Low Temp 13.3° 13.3° 14.0° Annual Rain Fall 33.6 inches 33.5 inches 34.7 inches Annual Snow Fall 26.9 inches 26.9 inches 32.4 inches Days over 90° 29.7 29.7 13.8 Days below 32° 44.3 44.3 62.9 Source: University of Iowa, High Plains Regional Climate Center, NCDC 2015

TRANSPORTATION Hamilton’s major transportation corridors include State Highway 5, which runs through the extreme southwestern corner of the city. The main road through town is County Highway T23/Wasbash Drive, which runs southwest to northeast. The county's main BNSF line runs north-south and generally runs adjacent to Wabash Drive. This information is relevant to hazard mitigation plans because it indicates possible evacuation corridors in the community, as well as areas more at risk to transportation incidents.

POPULATION The following figure displays the historical population trend from 1910 to 2010. This figure indicates that the population of Hamilton has experienced seven decades of decline and three decades of growth. This is reflected in housing development as well, which saw development during decades of growth. Over the past decade, the population has declined by 14 people, or by 10%. Population trends are notable for hazard mitigation because communities with declining population may have a higher level of unoccupied housing that is not being up kept. Decreasing populations can also represent decreasing tax revenue for the community which could make implementation of mitigation actions more fiscally challenging.

HAM-60 Marion County Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Figure HAM. 2: Population 1910-2010 500 474 450 391 400 350 296 291 300 245 250 197 186 200 163 144 130 150 115 100 50 0 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2010, Table DP-01; UNL Iowa Historical Population Report

The following table indicates the Hamilton has a slightly lower percentage of people under the age of 5 and a much lower percentage of people over age 64 compared to the county. Hamilton has a notably higher percentage of people between the ages of 5 and 64 than Marion County. Hamilton is less ethnically diverse that the state of Iowa as a whole. Almost two thirds of households have children in Hamilton, which is remarkably high. These demographic variables are relevant to hazard mitigation insofar as the very young and elderly populations may be at greater risk from certain hazards than others. Likewise, additional social indicators may indicate vulnerability. For a more elaborate discussion of this vulnerability, please see Section Four: Risk Assessment.

Table HAM. 3: Population Makeup Age Hamilton Marion County State of Iowa <5 5.9% 6.4% 6.5% 5-64 91.4% 77.7% 78.5% >64 2.7% 15.9% 15.1% Median Age 39 38.6 38.1 % ethnic minority 0.0% 3.5% 8.5 % households with children 69.4 32.8% 30.5% % that speak English less than very well 0.0% 1.1% 3.0% Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2009-2013 ACS 5 Years Estimates

ECONOMICS AND HOUSING The following tables indicate that Hamilton’s median household income, per capita income, and median home value are lower than the county as a whole. Employment rates are comparable. The city has a lower poverty rate and a lower number of people living alone compared to the county and state. Economic indicators are relevant to hazard mitigation because they indicate the relative economic strength of an area. Economic indicators may also influence a community’s level of resiliency during hazardous events.

______The City of Hamilton Participant Section HAM 61 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Table HAM. 4: Housing and Income City of Hamilton Marion County State of Iowa Median Household Income $48,148 $54,723 $51,653 Per Capita Income $15,013 $25,477 $26,992 Median Home Value $105,200 $132,000 $124,300 Median Rent Not Available $652 $670 % Employed 60.3% 64.8% 64.8% % of people living in poverty 4.3% 9.2% 12.4% % living alone 16.1% 26.0% 28.8% Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2013 American Community Surveys 5-year Estimates

The following figure indicates that the majority of the housing in Hamilton was built prior to 1990. According to 2009-2013 ACS 5-year estimates, the community has 76 housing units; with 81.6 percent of those units occupied. There are approximately 15 mobile homes in the community and 21 percent of the community’s housing was built before 1960. Communities with a substantial number of mobile homes may have a higher number of residents vulnerable to the impacts of high winds, tornados, and severe winter storms.

Figure HAM. 3: Housing Units by Year Built 45

35 31 30

20 15 15 12

10 7 6 5 5 0 0 0 0 Built 1939 Built 1940 toBuilt 1950 toBuilt 1960 toBuilt 1970 toBuilt 1980 toBuilt 1990 toBuilt 2000 to Built 2010 or earlier 1949 1959 1969 1979 1989 1999 2009 or later

Source: Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2009-2013 American Community Surveys 5-year Estimates, Table DP04

Table HAM. 5: Housing Units Total Housing Units Occupied Housing Units

Jurisdiction Occupied Vacant Owner Renter Number Percent Number Percent Number Number

Hamilton 62 81.6% 14 18.4% 60 2

Marion County 13,924 91.1% 1,233 8.9% 9,622 3,609 Iowa 1,341,001 91.5% 114,454 8.5% 885,942 340,605 Source: Selected Housing Characteristics: 2009 - 2013 ACS 5-year estimates

HAM-62 Marion County Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Figure HAM. 4: Land Use Map

______The City of Hamilton Participant Section HAM 63 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

PARCEL IMPROVEMENTS AND VALUATION The planning team requested parcel data from the Marion County Assessor. This data allowed the planning team to analyze the location, number, and value of property improvements at the parcel level. Improvements are defined as anything that make land more valuable, such as constructing a home. The data did not contain the number of structures on each parcel. A summary of the results of this analysis is provided in the following table.

Table HAM. 6: Parcel Improvements

Total Number of Number of Parcels in Total Value of Structures in Total Structures Parcels Floodplain Parcels Floodplain

140 3 $2,890,439 0 88 Source: Iowa Department of Revenue, Property Assessment Division CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE/KEY RESOURCES Each participating jurisdiction identified critical facilities vital for disaster response, providing shelter to the public, and essential for returning the jurisdiction’s functions to normal during and after a disaster. Hamilton identified two critical facilities meeting these criteria. Critical facilities were identified during the original planning process and updated by the local planning team during as a part of the plan update. The following table and figure provide a summary of the critical facilities for the jurisdiction.

Table HAM. 7: List of Critical Facilities in the City of Hamilton Number Name In Floodplain? 1 City Hall No 2 Post Office No

HAM-64 Marion County Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Figure HAM. 5: Hamilton Critical Facilities

______The City of Hamilton Participant Section HAM 65 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

CHEMICAL STORAGE FIXED SITES According to the Tier II System reports submitted to the Iowa Department of Environmental Quality, there are no chemical storage sites in Hamilton.

HISTORIC SITES According to the National Register of Historic Places for Iowa, there is one historic unit located in the City of Hamilton. This unit is not located within the 1% Annual Flood Risk Area.

Table HAM.8: National Historic Registry Site Name Address Date Listed In Floodplain? Hammond Bridge 170th Pl. over North Cedar Cr. 19980515 No Source: Iowa State Historical Society

HISTORICAL OCCURRENCES The planning team used the NCDC Storm Event Database to determine the number of severe weather events in the community from January 1996 to April 2015. Tornado events have a period of record from January 1950 to April 2015. Due to the large number of events only those with reported impacts are listed in the following table. Hazard events which are only reported at the county zonal level, such as Blizzard, Heavy Snow, etc., are in a following table, however, the exact amount of damage in Hamilton for these events is unknown. The table below also contains information on each severe weather event with reported damages in Hamilton, including date, deaths, injuries, and property damages. The events may have caused crop damage as well. For a detailed description of each of these hazards, please see Section Four: Risk Assessment.

Table HAM.9: NCDC Severe Weather Events Month, Year Day Hazard Deaths Injuries Property Damage ($) Local Damage Reported June, 2006 3 Flash Flood 0 0 50,000 April, 2013 18 Flood 0 0 25,000 Totals 0 0 $75,000 Source: January 1996 to October 2014 NOAA National Climatic Data Center

HAR-66 The City of Harvey Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

RISK ASSESSMENT Hazard Identification The following table is a localized risk assessment of hazards identified specifically for Hamilton. Hazards marked with asterisks are those that the planning team identified as posing the greatest risk. The following table also indicates if the hazard has occurred previously, historical local losses, and specific concerns identified for this hazard. A description of why this hazard is a concern, what the community is currently doing to address this hazard, and what mitigation projects they propose are included in this section.

Table HAM.10: The City of Hamilton’s Risk Assessment PREVIOUS SPECIFIC CONCERNS HAZARD TYPE OCCURRENCE LOCAL LOSSES IDENTIFIED Yes/No

Animal/Crop/Plant Disease No None No Dam Failure No None No Drought Yes Economic losses No Earthquake No None No Expansive Soils No None No Extreme Heat Yes None No $75,000 in flooding Yes No Flash Flooding damages (NCDC) Grass and Wildland Fires* Yes Grass/brush fires Yes Damage to critical Yes Yes Hailstorm* facilities Hazardous Materials* No None Yes Human Disease No None No Infrastructure Failure No None No Landslide No None No Levee Failure No None No River Flooding No None No Severe Winter Storms* Yes Slowed transportation Yes Sinkholes No None No Thunderstorms and Lightning No None Yes Tornadoes* No None Yes Transportation Incidents* No None Yes Windstorms Yes None Yes *Identified by the planning team as a top concern for the jurisdiction

For more information regarding area wide hazards, please see Section Four: Risk Assessment. The following provides community specific information, reported in Hamilton’s Risk Assessment Summary, that is relevant to the hazards which the community identified as top concerns.

GRASS AND WILDLAND FIRES

The City of Harvey Participant Section HAR-67 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Hamilton is in an area with a lot of farmland and hay bales, and the community is concerned about the risk of these features catching fire. The area has experienced frequent fires of this kind, the city reports. Bussey has the nearest fire department, with about 20 firefighters. The City of Hamilton does not have a Wildland Urban Interface Code.

HAILSTORMS/THUNDERSTORMS AND LIGHTNING/WINDSTORMS

Per the National Climatic Data Center database, in recent years, only one storm with severe-criteria wind (58 mph or greater) and/or severe-criteria hail (one-inch in diameter or greater) have been officially recorded as impacting Hamilton since 2000. However, However, Marion County has a history of thunderstorms producing damaging winds and hail.

Per the NCDC database, on May 12, 2014, Marion County Emergency Management reported a storm with 64 mph winds over Hamilton. The city anecdotally reports that a hailstorm three years ago damaged municipal critical facilities. Given the frequency of severe weather in Marion County, it is also possible that additional severe thunderstorm events impacting Hamilton have occurred, but not been officially recorded. The community is concerned about damage to property from severe thunderstorms, and getting the roads cleared following storms.

The City does not have public safe rooms or storm shelters; so persons needing shelter from tornadoes must rely on their own or a neighbor’s storm shelter, safe room, basement, or interior room. Municipal critical facilities are not protected with surge protectors or electronic devices, nor do these facilities have backup power generators. Municipal critical facilities are not fitted with hail-resistant building materials, nor are they insured against hail damage. Residents do not receive information regarding hail-resistant building materials when they receive building permits. The city does not have a tree board. Marion County Emergency Management provides text alerts to warn residents of severe weather.

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

While no hazardous materials incidents have occurred in Hamilton in recent years, the city is concerned about hazardous materials that are transported along highways and rails running through town. State Route 5 runs along the southwest corner of town, while County Highway T23 bisects the town from southwest to northwest; and a railroad essentially parallels the county highway through town. There are no known hazardous material storage facilities of concern in the city itself.

The community is not presently working to mitigate impacts of hazardous materials releases.

SEVERE WINTER STORMS

To address this hazard in Hamilton, the city hires private contractors to clear the roads. There are no designated snow routes in town. Marion County does use snow fences. Few if any power lines in town are buried.

To mitigate this hazard, the city plans to install a backup generator in critical locations, to provide power if the grid should be knocked out. TORNADOES

HAR-68 The City of Harvey Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Per the National Climatic Data Center database, no tornadoes since 2000 have been officially recorded as impacting Hamilton or its immediate outskirts. However, Marion County has a history of damaging tornadoes, so it is possible that Hamilton could be impacted by future tornadic events. No municipal critical facilities have been damaged by tornadoes in recent years.

To address this hazard in Hamilton presently, the city does not have public safe rooms or storm shelters; so persons needing shelter from tornadoes must rely on their own or a neighbor’s storm shelter, safe room, basement, or interior room. Municipal critical records are not backed-up. Marion County Emergency Management provides text alerts to warn residents of severe weather. The City of Hamilton does not conduct outreach to educate residents about tornado safety. The community intends to purchase an alert siren to improve awareness and lead time of a tornado event.

TRANSPORTATION INCIDENTS

As earlier mentioned, State Route 5 runs along the southwest corner of town, while County Highway T23 bisects the town from southwest to northwest; and a railroad essentially parallels the county highway through town. The city is concerned about vehicle and rail accidents occurring along these routes, including the possibility of accidents or incidents involving hazardous material releases. The city reports that a train derailed locally about four years ago.

GOVERNANCE A community’s governance structure impacts its ability to implement hazard mitigation actions. Hamilton is governed by a Mayor and a 5 member council. Hamilton also has a City Clerk.

Table HAM.11: Capability Assessment

Survey Components/Subcomponents Existing (Yes/No)

Comprehensive Plan County-level Capital Improvements Plan No Hazard Mitigation Plan No Economic Development Plan No Local Emergency Operations Plan No Planning Debris Management Plan No Capability Local Recovery Plan No Natural Resources Protection Plan No Transportation Plan No Watershed Plan No Open Space Preservation Plan No Floodplain Management Plan No

The City of Harvey Participant Section HAR-69 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Survey Components/Subcomponents Existing (Yes/No)

Storm Water Management Plan No Storm Water Ordinance No Tree Trimming Ordinance No Zoning Ordinance No Subdivision Regulation/Ordinance No Policies / Site Plan Review Requirements No Ordinances Historic Preservation Ordinance No Floodplain Ordinance Yes Building Codes No National Flood Insurance Program No Community Rating System No Planning Commission No Hazard Mitigation Planning Commission Yes Floodplain Administration Yes Emergency Manager County-Level GIS/Mapping Coordinator County-Level Chief Building Official/Inspector No Staffing Engineer No Grant Manager No Public Works Official No Sanitation Department No Housing Program Staff No Historic Preservation Staff No Flood Insurance Rate Maps Yes Flood Insurance Study No Critical Facilities Inventory No Studies and Land Use Map Yes Maps Evacuation Route Map No Capital Improvement Project Funding No Community Development Block Grant No Authority to Levy Taxes for Specific Purposes No Fiscal Gas/Electric Service Fees No Capability Storm Water Service Fees No Water/Sewer Service Fees No Development Impact Fees No General Obligation Revenue or Special Tax Bonds No Local citizen groups or non-profit organizations focused on No environmental protection, emergency preparedness, access and functional needs populations, etc. Please list. Ongoing public education or information program (e.g., No Education responsible water use, fire safety, household preparedness, and environmental education) Outreach Natural Disaster or Safety related school programs No Programs StormReady Certification No Firewise Communities Certification No Public-private partnership initiatives addressing disaster- No related issues Mutual Aid Agreements No

HAR-70 The City of Harvey Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

PLAN INTEGRATION Building safer and stronger communities can be accomplished through effective plan integration. Integrating hazard mitigation principles into other local planning mechanisms, such as plans addressing land use, transportation, climate change, sustainability, natural and cultural resource protection, watershed management, economic development and others can greatly increase an area’s level of resiliency. While this HMP planning process involved interdepartmental coordination at the local level, this planning process also sought to analyze how existing planning mechanisms were presently integrated and make suggestions for further integration. The plans listed in the preceding table were analyzed using guidance from FEMA’s 2014 Plan Integration Guide. The following paragraph presents a summary of the findings of this analysis are presented.

It is important to note that Hamilton does not participate in the NFIP as a result of having minimal incorporated area within the Special Flood Hazard Area. The community does not intend to participate based on the fact they do not recognize a specific vulnerability to flooding, given the FIRM.

While the City of Hamilton has very few planning mechanisms in place, the Marion County Comprehensive Plan includes a Future Land Use Map (Figure 15) noting where the City plans to grow. The County plans to expand away from the 1% Annual Flood Risk Area. Marion County officials have indicated that they intend to utilize the goals and objectives from this plan to drive development in the future.

The City of Harvey Participant Section HAR-71 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Figure HAM. 6: Hamilton Future Land Use

HAR-72 The City of Harvey Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

MITIGATION ACTIONS

Completed Mitigation Projects Hamilton did not participate in the 2012 Marion County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan, and thus did not complete any mitigation projects.

Ongoing/New Mitigation Projects Alert Sirens Analysis Perform an evaluation of existing alert sirens in order to determine which should be replaced or the placement of new sirens. Goal/Objective Goal 4, Objective 4.3 Hazard(s) Addressed All hazards Estimated Cost $20,000 Potential Funding Grant Funding, General Fund Timeline 5 years Priority High Lead Agency City Council Location City Hall Status New

Backup Generator Analysis Provide a portable or stationary source of backup power to redundant power supplies, municipal wells, lift stations and other critical facilities and shelters. Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.1 Hazard(s) Addressed All Hazards Estimated Cost $4,000 Potential Funding Grant Funding, General Fund Timeline 5 years Priority Medium Lead Agency City Council Location City Hall Status New

Safe Rooms Analysis Design and construct storm shelters and safe rooms in highly vulnerable areas such as mobile home parks, campgrounds, school, and other areas. Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.1 Hazard(s) Addressed Tornados, high winds Estimated Cost $31,000 Potential Funding Grant Funding, General Fund Timeline 1-2 years Priority High Lead Agency City Council Location Community Building, lot adjacent to community building Status New

The City of Harvey Participant Section HAR-73 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Removed Mitigation Projects

Hamilton did not participate in the 2012 Marion County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan, and thus did not remove any mitigation projects.

HAR-74 The City of Harvey Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

PARTICIPANT SECTION FOR THE

CITY OF HARVEY

Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

The City of Harvey Participant Section HAR-75 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

OVERVIEW The City of Harvey participated in this hazard mitigation plan in order to reduce the risk to human life and property from hazards. Their participation was extensive: a representative from Harvey attended every public meeting; met with members from the planning team; completed all hazard identification and project identification worksheets; engaged the general public in the planning process; and, assisted in plan development coordination and data analysis.

For Harvey, the top concerns that were identified through this planning process include flash flooding and river flooding, infrastructure failure, severe winter storms, thunderstorms and lightning, and windstorms. The highest priority projects identified to address these issues include a new well and a storm shelter ordinance.

The following people were heavily involved in the development of Harvey’s Participant Section:

Table HAR.1. The City of Harvey Plan Contributors Name Title Department / Organization Jeff Anderson Director Marion County Emergency Management Agency Dennis Siebert Mayor City of Harvey Leonard Geery City Superintendent City of Harvey Jeff Henson Senior Planner, Project Manager JEO Consulting Group, Inc. John Brennan Planner, Project Coordinator JEO Consulting Group, Inc.

This section contains important information about the City of Harvey relevant to hazard mitigation, including the following elements:

HAR-76 The City of Harvey Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

LOCATION AND GEOGRAPHY The City of Harvey is located in the east central portion of Marion County and covers an area of 0.68 square miles. Major waterways within the area include a main span of the Des Moines River, which is located just feet away from municipal boundries. A small divergence of the river actually runs through municipal boundries along the northern border of Harvey. English Creek forms the northwestern border of the community. Havery is located approximatey 3 miles southeast of Lake Red Rock. The area is not heavily forested, nor is it located in a geographic area of the state prone to landslides. Most of Harvey lies in the plains topographic region, and is surrounded by agricultural fields.

Figure HAR.1: Map of the City of Harvey

The City of Harvey Participant Section HAR-77 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

CLIMATE Harvey’s climate is classified as humid continental, which is marked by variable weather patterns and a large seasonal temperature variance. The average high temperature in Harvey for the month of July is 86.5 degrees and the average low temperature for the month of January is 11.8 degrees. Harvey averages 26.6 days with a temperature over 90 degrees and 42.9 days below 32 degrees. A historic low of -32.0 degrees occurred in 1912, and a historic high of 112 occurred in 1918. On average, Harvey gets 33.5 inches of rain and 28.3 inches of snowfall per year. The following table compares these climate indicators with those of the entire planning area and the State of Iowa.

Table HAR.2: Climate Data for the City of Harvey Age Harvey Marion County State of Iowa July High Temp 86.5° 87.6° 86.0° January Low Temp 11.8° 13.3° 14.0° Annual Rain Fall 33.5 inches 33.5 inches 34.7 inches Annual Snow Fall 28.3 inches 26.9 inches 32.4 inches Days over 90° 26.6 29.7 13.8 Days below 32° 42.9 44.3 62.9 Source: University of Iowa, High Plains Regional Climate Center, NCDC 2015

TRANSPORTATION Harvey’s major transportation corridors include Main St, which runs southwest to northeast and connects Harvey with state highway 92 via 216th Pl to the south. West Ave / 216 Pl form the western most border of the city. The BNSF line runs southeast to northwest passing through the lower central portion of the city. This information is relevant to hazard mitigation plans because it indicates possible evacuation corridors in the community, as well as areas more at risk to transportation incidents.

POPULATION The following figure displays the historical population trend from 1910 to 2010. This figure indicates that the population of Harvey has experienced six decades of decline and four decades of growth. This is reflected in housing development as well, which saw development during decades of growth. Over the past decade, the population has declined by 42 people, or by 15 percent. Population trends are notable for hazard mitigation because communities with declining population may have a higher level of unoccupied housing that is not being up kept. Decreasing populations can also represent decreasing tax revenue for the community which could make implementation of mitigation actions more fiscally challenging.

HAR-78 The City of Harvey Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

HAR.2: Population 1910-2010 450 422 418 400 346 348 346 350 300 270 275 277 235 235 250 217 200 150 100 50 0 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2010, Table DP-01; UNL Iowa Historical Population Report

The following table indicates that Harvey’s age cohort distributions are comparable to the county and state. Harvey’s is more ethnically diverse than the county and the state of Iowa as a whole. These demographic variables are relevant to hazard mitigation insofar as the very young and elderly populations may be at greater risk from certain hazards than others. Likewise, additional social indicators may indicate vulnerability. For a more elaborate discussion of this vulnerability, please see Section Four: Risk Assessment.

Table HAR.3: Population Makeup Age Harvey Marion County State of Iowa <5 4.8% 6.4% 6.5% 5-64 79.3% 77.7% 78.5% >64 16.0% 15.9% 15.1% Median Age 41.5 38.6 38.1 % ethnic minority 9.3% 3.5% 8.5% % households with children 20.0% 32.8% 30.5% % that speak English less than very well 0.0% 1.1% 3.0% Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2009-2013 ACS 5 Years Estimates ECONOMICS AND HOUSING The following tables indicate that Harvey’s median home value is notably lower compares to the county and state. Harvey also has a slightly higher percentage of people living in poverty and living alone. Harvey has a similar percentage of employment compared to the county and the state. Economic indicators are relevant to hazard mitigation because they indicate the relative economic strength of an area. Economic indicators may also influence a community’s level of resiliency during hazardous events.

Table HAR.4: Housing and Income City of Harvey Marion County State of Iowa Median Household Income $45,250 $54,723 $51,653 Per Capita Income $21,568 $25,477 $26,992 Median Home Value $48,500 $132,000 $124,300 Median Rent $567 $652 $670 % Employed 61.8% 64.8% 64.8% % of people living in poverty 14.6% 9.2% 12.4% % living alone 31.9% 26.0% 28.8% Source: U.S. Census Bureau, -2013 American Community Surveys 5-year Estimates

The City of Harvey Participant Section HAR-79 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

The following figure indicates that the majority of the housing in Harvey was built prior to 1960. According to 2009-2013 ACS 5-year estimates, the community has 141 housing units; with 95.7 percent of those units occupied. There are approximately 29 mobile homes in the community and 84 percent of the community’s housing was built before 1960. Communities with a substantial number of mobile homes may have a higher number of residents vulnerable to the impacts of high winds, tornados, and severe winter storms.

Figure HAR.3: Housing Units by Year Built

20 18 16 14 14 15 13 10 10

5 2 0 0 Built 1939 Built 1940 Built 1950 Built 1960 Built 1970 Built 1980 Built 1990 Built 2000 Built 2010 or earlier to 1949 to 1959 to 1969 to 1979 to 1989 to 1999 to 2009 or later Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2009-2013 American Community Surveys 5-year Estimates, Table DP04

Table HAR.5: Housing Units Total Housing Units Occupied Housing Units

Jurisdiction Occupied Vacant Owner Renter Number Percent Number Percent Number Number

Harvey 135 95.7% 6 4.3% 109 26

Marion County 13,924 91.1% 1,233 8.9% 9,622 3,609 Iowa 1,341,001 91.5% 114,454 8.5% 885,942 340,605 Source: Selected Housing Characteristics: 2009 - 2013 ACS 5-year estimates

HAR-80 The City of Harvey Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Figure HAR.5: Land use map

The City of Harvey Participant Section HAR-81 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

PARCEL IMPROVEMENTS AND VALUATION The planning team requested parcel data from the Marion County Assessor. This data allowed the planning team to analyze the location, number, and value of property improvements at the parcel level. Improvements are defined as anything that make land more valuable, such as constructing a home. The data did not contain the number of structures on each parcel. A summary of the results of this analysis is provided in the following table.

Table HAR.6: Parcel Improvements Total Parcels Number of Total Value of Value of Parcels in Structures Total Parcels in Parcels Floodplain in Structures Floodplain Floodplain 221 62 $5,379,331 $1,754,530 26 180 Source: Iowa Department of Revenue, Property Assessment Division CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE/KEY RESOURCES Each participating jurisdiction identified critical facilities vital for disaster response, providing shelter to the public, and essential for returning the jurisdiction’s functions to normal during and after a disaster. Harvey identified 5 critical facilities meeting this criterion. Critical facilities were identified during the original planning process and updated by the local planning team during as a part of the plan update. The following table and figure provide a summary of the critical facilities for the jurisdiction.

Table HAR.7: List of Critical Facilities in the Village of Harvey

Number Name In Floodplain?

1 Lagoon Yes 2 Lift Station No 3 Water Plant No 4 City Hall/Fire Hall No 5 Water Tower No

HAR-82 The City of Harvey Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Figure 10: Harvey Critical Facilities

The City of Harvey Participant Section HAR-83 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

CHEMICAL STORAGE FIXED SITES According to the Tier II System reports submitted to the Iowa Department of Environmental Quality, there are no chemical storage sites in Harvey.

HISTORIC SITES According to the National Register of Historic Places for Iowa, there is one historic unit located in the City of Harvey. This unit is located within the 1% annual flood risk area.

Table HAR.8: National Historic Registry Site Name Date Listed Address In Floodplain? Harvey Railroad Bridge 19980515 Harvey Island Rd. Yes Source: Iowa State Historical Society

HISTORICAL OCCURRENCES The planning team used the NCDC Storm Event Database to determine the number of severe weather events in the community from January 1996 to April 2015. Tornado events have a period of record from January 1950 to April 2015 Due to the large number of events only those with reported impacts are listed in the following table. Hazard events which are only reported at the county zonal level, such as Blizzard, Heavy Snow, etc., are in a following table, however, the exact amount of damage in Harvey for these events is unknown. The table below also contains information on each severe weather event with reported damages in Harvey, including date, deaths, injuries, and property damages. The events may have caused crop damage as well. For a detailed description of each of these hazards, please see Section Four: Risk Assessment.

Table HAR.9: NCDC Severe Weather Events Month, Year Day Hazard Deaths Injuries Property Damage ($) Local Damage Reported August, 2010 11 Flash Flood 0 0 50,000 May, 2002 8 Thunderstorm Wind 0 0 15,000 May, 1996 24 Hail 0 0 10,000 August, 2008 5 Thunderstorm Wind 0 0 5,000 June, 2010 22 Thunderstorm Wind 0 0 3,000 May, 2005 11 Thunderstorm Wind 0 0 2,000 July, 2006 25 Hail 0 0 2,000 June, 2010 18 Thunderstorm Wind 0 0 2,000 Totals 0 0 $89,000 Source: January 1996 to October 2014 NOAA National Climatic Data Center

RISK ASSESSMENT Hazard Identification The following table is a localized risk assessment of hazards identified specifically for Harvey. Hazards marked with asterisks are those that the planning team identified as posing the greatest risk. The following table also indicates if the hazard has occurred previously, historical local losses, and specific concerns identified for this hazard. A description of why this hazard is a concern, what the community is currently doing to address this hazard, and what mitigation projects they propose are included in this section. If available, a map indicating the location of mitigation projects can be found at the end of this participant section.

HAR-84 The City of Harvey Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Table HAR.11: The City of Harvey’s Risk Assessment PREVIOUS SPECIFIC CONCERNS HAZARD TYPE OCCURRENCE LOCAL LOSSES IDENTIFIED Yes/No

Animal/Crop/Plant Disease Yes Economic losses No Dam Failure No None No Drought Yes Economic ag losses No Earthquake No None No Expansive Soils No None No Extreme Heat Yes Crop yields No Impassible roadways, Yes Yes Flash Flooding* damage to crops Grass and Wildland Fires No None No Minor damage to Yes No Hailstorm structures, vehicles Hazardous Materials No None No Human Disease No None No Infrastructure Failure* No None Yes Landslide No None No Levee Failure No None No Impassible roadways, Yes crop damages, minor Yes River Flooding structure damage Impassible roadways, Yes damage to trees, Yes Severe Winter Storms* economic losses Sinkholes No None No Flooding, damage to Yes Yes Thunderstorms and Lightning* trees, hail damages Tornadoes No None No Transportation Incidents Yes Minor traffic accidents No Windstorms Yes Damages to trees Yes *Identified by the planning team as a top concern for the jurisdiction

For more information regarding area wide hazards, please see Section Four: Risk Assessment. The following provides community specific information, reported in Harvey’s Risk Assessment Summary, that is relevant to the hazards which the community identified as top concerns.

FLASH FLOODING AND RIVER FLOODING

Harvey is equally concerned about flash flooding and river flooding. English Creek runs along the northern and northwestern edge of town, and the Des Moines River runs along the northern and northeastern edges. Areas east of Main Street in town have poor drainage. Fortunately, no critical municipal buildings have been damaged by flooding in recent years.

The City of Harvey Participant Section HAR-85 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

To mitigate this hazard going forward, the city plans to continue to participate in the National Flood Insurance Program, as well as constructing storm water drainage infrastructure. Additionally, other projects are listed below in the Mitigation Actions section.

INFRASTRUCTURE FAILURE

While the city hasn’t experienced a significant failure of its infrastructure in recent years, the city is concerned because its local responders are neither trained nor properly equipped to respond to these incidents.

To mitigate this hazard going forward, the city plans to explore redundant utilities, and install new manholes.

SEVERE WINTER STORMS

Per the National Climatic Data Center database, in recent years, Marion County has experienced frequent winter storms, featuring heavy snowfall, ice, or blizzard-criteria conditions. The City of Harvey’s main concern about severe winter weather is the risk of power outages due to downed trees and power lines. Municipal critical facilities have not experienced structural damage from severe winter weather in recent years.

To address this hazard in Hamilton presently, the city clears its own roads, and considers its snow removal resources to be sufficient. There are no designated snow routes in town. Snow fences are employed along Cinder Avenue. None of the power lines in town are buried.

To mitigate this hazard going forward, the city plans to install backup generators to improve resilience in a winter storm, and a tree-trimming plan which would prevent unexpected falling branches in inclement weather.

THUNDERSTORMS AND LIGHTNING/WINDSTORMS

Per the National Climatic Data Center database, in recent years, only a few storms with severe-criteria wind (58 mph or greater) have been officially recorded as impacting Harvey since 2000. No severe-criteria hailstorms (one-inch diameter or greater-sized hail) impacting Harvey were recorded in the NCDC database. However, However, Marion County has a history of damaging thunderstorms, so it is possible that Bussey could be impacted by future tornadic events. In 2010 and 2008, three storms producing winds of 60-65 mph were reported, knocking down trees and power lines, and causing $10,000 in damage. Given the frequency of severe weather in Marion County, it is also possible that additional severe thunderstorm events impacting Harvey have occurred, but not been officially recorded.

The city is concerned about power outages, flash flooding from heavy rain, downed trees, and its siren and siren tower being knocked down as a consequence of severe thunderstorms. No municipal critical facilities have been damaged by windstorms in the recent past.

Harvey currently does not have public safe rooms or storm shelters; so persons needing shelter from severe storms must rely on their own or a neighbor’s storm shelter, safe room, basement, or interior room. The city reports that church basements are also available for public use as a storm shelter. Municipal records are not backed-up. City hall and the city’s fire station do have backup power generators, and the fire department also has a weather radio. None of the power lines in the city are buried. Marion County Emergency Management provides text alerts to warn residents of severe weather. The City of Harvey does not conduct outreach to educate residents about severe weather safety.

HAR-86 The City of Harvey Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

To mitigate these hazards going forward, the city plans to install backup generators to prevent a prolonged power outage. Additionally, the city intends to invest in weather radios to improve awareness of inclement weather.

GOVERNANCE A community’s governance structure impacts its ability to implement hazard mitigation actions. Harvey is governed by a Mayor and a 5 member council. Harvey also has a City Clerk, City Attorney, and a Public Works Director.

Table HAR.12: Capability Assessment

Survey Components/Subcomponents Existing (Yes/No)

Comprehensive Plan Yes, County-level Capital Improvements Plan No Hazard Mitigation Plan Yes Economic Development Plan No Local Emergency Operations Plan Yes Debris Management Plan No Planning Local Recovery Plan No Capability Natural Resources Protection Plan No Transportation Plan No Watershed Plan No Open Space Preservation Plan No Floodplain Management Plan No Storm Water Management Plan No Storm Water Ordinance No Tree Trimming Ordinance No Zoning Ordinance No Subdivision Regulation/Ordinance No Policies / Site Plan Review Requirements No Ordinances Historic Preservation Ordinance No Floodplain Ordinance Yes Building Codes No National Flood Insurance Program Yes Community Rating System No Planning Commission No Staffing Hazard Mitigation Planning Commission No

The City of Harvey Participant Section HAR-87 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Survey Components/Subcomponents Existing (Yes/No)

Floodplain Administration Yes Emergency Manager No GIS/Mapping Coordinator No Chief Building Official/Inspector No Engineer No Grant Manager No Public Works Official No Sanitation Department No Housing Program Staff No Historic Preservation Staff No Flood Insurance Rate Maps No Flood Insurance Study No Critical Facilities Inventory No Studies and Land Use Map No Maps Evacuation Route Map No Capital Improvement Project Funding No Community Development Block Grant No Authority to Levy Taxes for Specific Purposes No Fiscal Gas/Electric Service Fees No Capability Storm Water Service Fees No Water/Sewer Service Fees No Development Impact Fees No General Obligation Revenue or Special Tax Bonds No Local citizen groups or non-profit organizations focused on environmental protection, emergency preparedness, access No and functional needs populations, etc. Please list. Ongoing public education or information program (e.g., Education responsible water use, fire safety, household preparedness, No and environmental education) Outreach Natural Disaster or Safety related school programs No Programs StormReady Certification No Firewise Communities Certification No Public-private partnership initiatives addressing disaster- No related issues Mutual Aid Agreements No

As members of the NFIP, Harvey has both floodplain regulations and a floodplain ordinance. The community is also included in the Marion County Emergency Operations Plan, which delineates the responsibilities of different offices in an emergency. Additionally, Marion County has included Harvey in

HAR-88 The City of Harvey Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan the County Comprehensive Plan. The future land use map, shown in Figure 3, shows the current 1% Annual Flood Risk Area as zoned for “Open Space”.

Harvey does not have its own Comprehensive Plan, nor does it have Zoning or Subdivision Regulations. However, Marion County as a whole does have a Comprehensive Plan, which includes a land use plan expanding the community in a safe direction, away from any floodplain area. Marion County intends to use the goals and objectives outlined by this plan to steer development in the future. Additionally, the Marion County Comprehensive Plan appears to have addressed floodplain area by choosing to zone 1% Annual Flood Risk Area as “Open Space”. Marion County officials have worked to incorporate the goals and objectives from past mitigation plans into other planning mechanisms, and intend to do the same with this plan update.

The City of Harvey Participant Section HAR-89 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Figure 11: Marion County Comprehensive Plan

HAR-90 The City of Harvey Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

MITIGATION ACTIONS COMPLETED MITIGATION ACTIONS

Chemicals for Firefighting Description Acquire modern chemicals and equipment for firefighting Goal/ Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.1 Hazard(s) Addressed Urban Fire, Grass Fire

Dam Failure Plans Description Develop emergency response plan for dam failure Goal/ Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.2 Hazard(s) Addressed Dam Failure

Site Security Description Develop/maintain security at applicable assets (surveillance cameras, lighting) Goal/ Objective Goal 4, Objective 4.1 Hazard(s) Addressed Civil Disorder, Terrorism

Public Information Officer Description Hire or designate a public information officer. Goal/ Objective Goal 3, Objective 3.1 Hazard(s) Addressed All Hazards

Harden Communications Equipment Description Purchase new, modernize, and/or harden existing mobile and personal communications equipment Goal/ Objective Goal 4, Objective 4.3 Hazard(s) Addressed All Hazards

ONGOING AND NEW MITIGATION ACTIONS

Replace Water Valves/ Hydrants Description Install water valves and hydrants due to those which have deteriorated Status Ongoing Goal/ Objective Goal 4, Objective 4.1 Hazard(s) Addressed Drought Estimated Cost $10,000 Funding Municipal Funds Timeline 2 years Priority High Lead Agency Mayor/ City Council

New Well for Municipal Water Supply Description In order to have supply for municipal water, the city intends to drill a new well. Status Not Yet Started Goal/ Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.1 Hazard(s) Addressed Drought, Urban Fire, Grass/Wildfire Estimated Cost $50,000 Funding Water Department Timeline 5+ years Priority High Lead Agency Mayor/City Council

The City of Harvey Participant Section HAR-91 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Storm Shelter Ordinances Description Adopt manufactured home development storm shelter ordinances. Status Not Yet Started Goal/ Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.3 Hazard(s) Addressed Tornados, High Winds Estimated Cost $5,000 Funding City, Grant Funding Timeline 5+ years Priority Low Lead Agency Mayor/City Council

Tree Trimming Program Description Adopt a tree trimming program. Status Not Yet Started Goal/ Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.2 Hazard(s) Addressed High Winds, Tornados, Severe Winter Storms, Severe Thunderstorms Estimated Cost $2,500 Funding City of Harvey Timeline Ongoing Priority Medium Lead Agency Public Works

Community Plans Description Assure jurisdictional plans are in place and current. Status Not Yet Started Goal/ Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.2 Hazard(s) Addressed All hazards Estimated Cost $3,000 Funding City of Harvey Timeline 5+ years Priority Medium Lead Agency Public Works

File Backup Description Backup jurisdictional files and records-store in alternative locations Goal/ Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.1 Status Not Yet Started Hazard(s) Addressed All Hazards Estimated Cost $1,000 Funding City of Harvey Timeline 2-5 years Priority Medium Lead Agency City Clerk

Community Drills Description Conduct drills within the community to improve emergency preparedness. Status Not Yet Started Goal/ Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.2 Hazard(s) Addressed All Hazards Estimated Cost $2,500 Funding City of Harvey Timeline In progress Priority Medium

HAR-92 The City of Harvey Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Lead Agency City Council/Mayor

Construct Backup Wells Description Construct backup wells for water systems Status Not Yet Started Goal/ Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.1 Hazard(s) Addressed Drought, Urban Fire, Grass/Wildfire Estimated Cost $50,000 Funding Grant funding, presently cost prohibitive Timeline Not yet started Priority Medium Lead Agency Public Works

Community Safe Rooms Description Construct community safe rooms in various community assets (parks buildings, manufactured home areas, etc.) Status Not Yet Started Goal/ Objective Goal 3, Objective 3.1 Hazard(s) Addressed Tornados, High Winds Estimated Cost $250,000 Funding Grant funding, presently cost prohibitive Timeline 5+ years Priority Medium Lead Agency City Council

Construct Storm Water Drainage Description Construct Storm Water Drainage (Underground, culverts, curb and gutter, basins, buffer strips, etc.) Status Not Yet Started Goal/ Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.1 Hazard(s) Addressed Flooding Estimated Cost $100,000 Funding City of Harvey Timeline Ongoing Priority Medium Lead Agency Public Works

Continuity of Operations and Succession Plan Description Create a jurisdictional continuity of operations and succession plan. Status Not Yet Started Goal/ Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.2 Hazard(s) Addressed All Hazards Estimated Cost $1,000 Funding City of Harvey Timeline In Progress Priority Medium Lead Agency City Council

The City of Harvey Participant Section HAR-93 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Electronic Resource Directory Description Develop electronic directory of local and other resources. Status Not Yet Started Goal/ Objective Goal 2, Objective 4.2 Hazard(s) Addressed All Hazards Estimated Cost $1,000 Funding City of Harvey Timeline 2-5 years Priority Low Lead Agency City Council/Mayor

Disposal Sites Description Develop local debris disposal sites. Status Not Yet Started Goal/ Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.2 Hazard(s) Addressed Hazardous Materials Estimated Cost $50,000 Funding City of Harvey Timeline 2-5 years Priority Medium Lead Agency Public Works

Power Failure Recovery Plan Description Develop a recovery plan for power failure. Status Not Yet Started Goal/ Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.2 Hazard(s) Addressed Severe Winter Storm, Severe Thunderstorm, Tornados Estimated Cost $2,500 Funding City Timeline Ongoing Priority High Lead Agency Fire Department

Harden Public Buildings Description Harden public buildings. Status Not Yet Started Goal/ Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.2 Hazard(s) Addressed Tornados, High Winds, Severe Winter Storms Estimated Cost $150,000 Funding City of Harvey Timeline 2-5 years Priority High Lead Agency Sewer Department

HAR-94 The City of Harvey Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Improve Roads Description Improve roads (resurface, pave, widen, etc.) Status Not Yet Started Goal/ Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.1 Hazard(s) Addressed All Hazards Estimated Cost $100,000 Funding City Timeline Ongoing Priority High Lead Agency Road Department

Install New Fire Hydrants Description Install new fire hydrants Status Not Yet Started Goal/ Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.1 Hazard(s) Addressed Urban Fire Estimated Cost $5,000 Funding Grant funding, presently cost prohibitive Timeline 2-5 years Priority High Lead Agency Fire Department

Install New Manholes Description Install water impervious manhole covers. Status Not Yet Started Goal/ Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.1 Hazard(s) Addressed Transportation Incidents Estimated Cost $10,000 Funding City of Harvey Timeline 2-5 years Priority High Lead Agency Sewer Department

Safe Room Retrofits Description Install safe room retrofits into critical assets/facilities Status Not Yet Started Goal/ Objective Goal 1, Objective 1.1 Hazard(s) Addressed High Winds, Tornados Estimated Cost $25,000 Funding Cost prohibitive Timeline 2-5 years Priority High Lead Agency Fire Department

NFIP Program Description Enforcement of floodplain management requirements, including regulating new construction in Special Flood Hazard Areas (SFHAs) Status Not Yet Started Goal/ Objective Goal 5, Objective 5.1 Hazard(s) Addressed Flooding Estimated Cost $1,000 Funding City of Harvey Timeline Ongoing

The City of Harvey Participant Section HAR-95 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Priority High Lead Agency Mayor, City Council

Weather Radios Description Promote NOAA weather radios-citizen purchase (rebate initiative) Status Not Yet Started Goal/ Objective Goal 4, Objective 4.3 Hazard(s) Addressed All Hazards Estimated Cost $5,000 Funding Grant funding, presently cost prohibitive Timeline 2-5 years Priority High Lead Agency City Council, Mayor

Safe Rooms Description Promote the construction of private in-home tornado safe rooms. Goal/ Objective Goal 1, Objective 1.1 Status Not Yet Started Hazard(s) Addressed Tornados, High Winds Estimated Cost $250,000 Funding Grant funding, cost prohibitive Timeline 5+ years Priority Medium Lead Agency Mayor, City Council

Backup Generators Description Purchase/install backup fixed power generators. Goal/ Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.2 Status Not Yet Started Hazard(s) Addressed Tornados, High Winds, Prolonged power outage Estimated Cost $25,000 Funding Grant funding, presently cost prohibitive Timeline In Progress Priority Medium Lead Agency Public Works

Redundant Utilities Systems Description Redundant systems and looping (water, sewer) Goal/ Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.2 Status Not Yet Started Hazard(s) Addressed All Hazards Estimated Cost $100,000 Funding Grant funding, presently cost prohibitive Timeline 2-5 years Priority Medium Lead Agency Public Works

Training for First Responders Description Train first responders, EMTs, firefighters, and emergency disaster responders. Goal/ Objective Goal 4, Objective 4.1 Status Not Yet Started Hazard(s) Addressed All Hazards Estimated Cost $10,000

HAR-96 The City of Harvey Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Funding City Timeline Ongoing Priority High Lead Agency City Council, Mayor

REMOVED MITIGATION ACTIONS

Building Codes Description Adopt building codes to address various natural hazards. Reason for Removal No longer relevant.

Bury Utility Lines Description Bury existing utility lines in existing development/require in new development Reason for Removal No longer relevant.

Develop Residential Preparedness Program Description Business and residential preparedness program Reason for Removal No longer relevant.

Extreme Heat Plan Description Develop/implement an extreme heat event medical response plan. Reason for Removal No longer relevant

Policy Review Description Full review of policy, procedure, and codes Reason for Removal No longer relevant

Civil Service Improvements Description Purchase snow plows, trucks, and sanders. Reason for Removal No longer relevant

The City of Harvey Participant Section HAR-97 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

HAR-98 The City of Harvey Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

PARTICIPANT SECTION FOR THE

CITY OF KNOXVILLE

Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

The City of Knoxville Participant Section KNO-99 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

OVERVIEW The City of Knoxville participated in this hazard mitigation plan in order to reduce the risk to human life and property from hazards. Their participation was extensive: a representative from Knoxville attended every public meeting; met with members from the planning team; completed all hazard identification and project identification worksheets; engaged the general public in the planning process; and, assisted in plan development coordination and data analysis.

For Knoxville, the top concerns that were identified through this planning process include dam failure, hazardous materials, river flooding, severe winter storms, and tornadoes. The highest priority projects identified to address these issues include backup generators, weather radios, and site security.

The following people were heavily involved in the development of Knoxville’s Participant Section:

Table KNO.1. The City of Knoxville Plan Contributors Name Title Department / Organization Jeff Anderson Director Marion County Emergency Management Agency Patrick Murphy WRF Superintendent City of Knoxville Jim Mitchell Fire Chief City of Knoxville Lauren Dietz Management Intern City of Knoxville Dennis Webb Street Supervisor City of Knoxville Dan Losada Police Chief City of Knoxville Aaron Adams City Manager City of Knoxville Jeff Henson Senior Planner, Project Manager JEO Consulting Group, Inc. John Brennan Planner, Project Coordinator JEO Consulting Group, Inc.

This section contains important information about the City of Knoxville relevant to hazard mitigation, including the following elements:

KNO-100 The City of Knoxville Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

LOCATION AND GEOGRAPHY The City of Knoxville is located in the central portion of Marion County and covers an area of 4.63 square miles. Major waterways within the area include Lake Red Rock, which is located approximately five miles north of Knoxville. White Breast Creek is located about .5 miles northwest/west of the city. Competine Creek actually runs through the eastern portion of Knoxville. English Creek is located approximately .5 miles southeast of Knoxville. Edwards City Park and Marion County Park also maintain two small recreational lakes. The area is not heavily forested, nor is it located in a geographic area of the state prone to landslides. Most of Knoxville lies in the plains topographic region, and is surrounded by agricultural fields.

Figure KNO. 1: Map of the City of Knoxville

The City of Knoxville Participant Section KNO-101 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

CLIMATE Knoxville’s climate is classified as humid continental, which is marked by variable weather patterns and a large seasonal temperature variance. The average high temperature in Knoxville for the month of July is 87.6 degrees and the average low temperature for the month of January is 13.3 degrees. Knoxville averages 29.7 days with a temperature over 90 degrees and 44.3 days below 32 degrees. A historic low of -30.0 degrees occurred in 1912, and a historic high of 114 occurred in 1934. On average, Knoxville gets 33.7 inches of rain and 26.9 inches of snowfall per year. The following table compares these climate indicators with those of the entire planning area and the State of Iowa.

Table KNO.2: Climate Data for the City of Knoxville Age Knoxville Marion County State of Iowa July High Temp 87.6° 87.6° 86.0° January Low Temp 13.3° 13.3° 14.0° Annual Rain Fall 33.7 inches 33.5 inches 34.7 inches Annual Snow Fall 26.9 inches 26.9 inches 32.4 inches Days over 90° 29.7 29.7 13.8 Days below 32° 44.3 44.3 62.9 Source: University of Iowa, High Plains Regional Climate Center, NCDC 2015

TRANSPORTATION Knoxville’s major transportation corridors include State Highway 92, which runs east-west through the south edge of Knoxville. The main east to west coorriodor through the city is McKimber St/ W Pleasant St and East Main St, which collectively formed Old Highway 92 before it was relocated towards the southern edge of the city. N Lincoln St / Highway 14 is the main north-south cooridor, and runs through the west central portion of the city. Knoxville Municipal Airport is located in the extreme south edge of the city. The BNSF rail line runs generally east-west through Knoxville, running north of McKimber St/ W Pleasant St and East Main St in the northern portion of the city. This information is relevant to hazard mitigation plans because it indicates possible evacuation corridors in the community, as well as areas more at risk to transportation incidents.

POPULATION The following figure displays the historical population trend from 1910 to 2010. This figure indicates that the population of Knoxville has experienced three decades of decline and seven decades of growth. This is reflected in housing development as well, which saw development during decades of growth. Over the past decade, the population has declined by 418 people, or by 5 percent. Population trends are notable for hazard mitigation because communities with declining population may have a higher level of unoccupied housing that is not being up kept. Decreasing populations can also represent decreasing tax revenue for the community which could make implementation of mitigation actions more fiscally challenging.

KNO-102 The City of Knoxville Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Figure KNO.212: Population 1910-2010 9,000 8,143 8,232 7,625 7,817 7,755 7,731 8,000 7,313 6,936 7,000 6,000 4,697 5,000 3,523 4,0003,190 3,000 2,000 1,000 - 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2010, Table DP-01; UNL Iowa Historical Population Report

The following table indicates the Knoxville has a slightly higher percentage of people under the age of 5 and over the age of 64 than Marion County. Marion County has a slightly higher median age, and a slightly higher percentage of people between the ages of 5 and 64. Knoxville is less ethnically diverse than the county and the state of Iowa as a whole. These demographic variables are relevant to hazard mitigation insofar as the very young and elderly populations may be at greater risk from certain hazards than others. Likewise, additional social indicators may indicate vulnerability. For a more elaborate discussion of this vulnerability, please see Section Four: Risk Assessment.

Table KNO.3: Population Makeup Age Knoxville Marion County State of Iowa <5 7.7% 6.4% 6.5% 5-64 74.0% 77.7% 78.5% >64 18.3% 15.9% 15.1% Median Age 36.6 38.6 38.1 % ethnic minority 2.9% 3.5% 8.5% % households with children 34.1% 32.8% 30.5% % that speak English less than very well 1.7% 1.1% 3.0% Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2009-2013 ACS 5 Years Estimates

ECONOMICS AND HOUSING The following tables indicate that Knoxville’s median household income, per capita income, median home value, and median rent are all lower than county and state levels. Knoxville has a slightly higher poverty rate, and percentage of people living alone. Economic indicators are relevant to hazard mitigation because they indicate the relative economic strength of an area. Economic indicators may also influence a community’s level of resiliency during hazardous events.

Table KNO.4: Housing and Income City of Knoxville Marion County State of Iowa Median Household Income $41,958 $54,723 $51,653 Per Capita Income $21,974 $25,477 $26,992 Median Home Value $93,000 $132,000 $124,300 Median Rent $567 $652 $670 % Employed 61.2% 64.8% 64.8%

The City of Knoxville Participant Section KNO-103 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

City of Knoxville Marion County State of Iowa % of people living in poverty 15.6% 9.2% 12.4% % living alone 34.5% 26.0% 28.8% Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2013 American Community Surveys 5-year Estimates

The following figure indicates that the majority of the housing in Knoxville was built prior to 1970. According to 2009-2013 ACS 5-year estimates, the community has 3,393 housing units; with 89.4 percent of those units occupied. There are approximately 177 mobile homes in the community and 39 percent of the community’s housing was built before 1960. Communities with a substantial number of mobile homes may have a higher number of residents vulnerable to the impacts of high winds, tornados, and severe winter storms.

Figure KNO.3: Housing Units by Year Built 900 832 800

700

600 506 500 475 429 398 400 333

300 246

200 174

100 0 0 Built 1939 Built 1940 Built 1950 Built 1960 Built 1970 Built 1980 Built 1990 Built 2000 Built 2010 or earlier to 1949 to 1959 to 1969 to 1979 to 1989 to 1999 to 2009 or later

Source: Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2009-2013 American Community Surveys 5-year Estimates, Table DP04

Table KNO.5: Housing Units Total Housing Units Occupied Housing Units

Jurisdiction Occupied Vacant Owner Renter Number Percent Number Percent Number Number

Knoxville 3,035 89.4% 358 10.6% 2,091 944

Marion County 13,924 91.1% 1,233 8.9% 9,622 3,609 Iowa 1,341,001 91.5% 114,454 8.5% 885,942 340,605 Source: Selected Housing Characteristics: 2009 - 2013 ACS 5-year estimates

KNO-104 The City of Knoxville Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Figure KNO.4: Land Use Map

The City of Knoxville Participant Section KNO-105 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

PARCEL IMPROVEMENTS AND VALUATION The planning team requested parcel data from the Marion County Assessor. This data allowed the planning team to analyze the location, number, and value of property improvements at the parcel level. Improvements are defined as anything that make land more valuable, such as constructing a home. The data did not contain the number of structures on each parcel. A summary of the results of this analysis is provided in the following table.

Table KNO.6: Parcel Improvements Number of Structures Total Value of Value of Parcels in Total Total Parcels Parcels in in Parcels Floodplain Structures Floodplain Floodplain 221 62 $5,379,331 $1,754,530 26 180 Source: Iowa Department of Revenue, Property Assessment Division CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE/KEY RESOURCES Each participating jurisdiction identified critical facilities vital for disaster response, providing shelter to the public, and essential for returning the jurisdiction’s functions to normal during and after a disaster. Knoxville identified 27 critical facilities meeting these criteria. Critical facilities were identified during the original planning process and updated by the local planning team as a part of the plan update. The following table and figure provide a summary of the critical facilities for the jurisdiction.

Table KNO.7: List of Critical Facilities in the City of Knoxville In Floodplain? Number Name 1 Water Reclamation Facility No 2 City Hall/Police Dept. No 3 Municipal Airport No 4 Knoxville Middle School No 5 Knoxville Hospital No 6 Recreation Center No 7 3M Knoxville plant No 8 BNSF Rail Overpass No 9 BNSF Railway No 10 County Care Facility No 11 County Engineer Shop No 12 County Engineers shop No 13 Hormel No 14 Knoxville Fire Station No 15 Knoxville Raceway No 16 Marion County Courthouse No 17 Marion County Parks Dept No 18 Mediacom Communications No 19 National Guard Armory No 20 Power Substation No 21 Public Health No 22 Sewer Lift Station No 23 Sheriff's Office No 24 Streets Department No 25 Water Department No 26 Water Tower No 27 Weiler Inc. No

KNO-106 The City of Knoxville Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Figure KNO.5: Knoxville Critical Facilities

The City of Knoxville Participant Section KNO-107 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

CHEMICAL STORAGE FIXED SITES According to the Tier II System reports submitted to the Iowa Department of Environmental Quality, there is one chemical storage site in Knoxville, which houses Acrylic acid, Ethylbenzene, Mercury Compounds, Methyl Isobutyl Ketone, Toluene, Xylene, and Zinc Compounds.

Table KNO.8: Chemical Storage Fixed Sites Facility Address Hazardous Material 3M Co 3406 E Pleasant See above Source: Iowa Department of Environmental Quality

HISTORIC SITES According to the National Register of Historic Places for Iowa, there are five historic units located in the City of Knoxville. None of these units are located within the 1% annual risk floodplain.

Table KNO.9: National Historic Registry Date In Site Name Address Listed Floodplain? Hays, E. R., House 19840927 301 N. 2nd St. No Marion County Courthouse 19810702 Main St. No Coal Ridge Baptist Church and No Cemetery 20060823 1034 IA S71 Knoxville WPA Athletic Field Historic Bounded by Lincoln St., Robinson No District 20070802 St., Stadium St. and Marion St. Knoxville Veterans Administration No Hospital Historic District 20120501 1515 W. Pleasant St. Source: Iowa State Historical Society

HISTORICAL OCCURRENCES The planning team used the NCDC Storm Event Database to determine the number of severe weather events in the community from January 1996 to April 2015. Tornado events have a period of record from January 1950 to April 2015. Due to the large number of events only those with reported impacts are listed in the following table. Hazard events which are only reported at the county zonal level, such as Blizzard, Heavy Snow, etc., are in a following table, however, the exact amount of damage in Knoxville for these events is unknown. The table below also contains information on each severe weather event with reported damages in Knoxville, including date, deaths, injuries, and property damages. The events may have caused crop damage as well. For a detailed description of each of these hazards, please see Section Four: Risk Assessment.

Table KNO.10: NCDC Severe Weather Events Month, Year Day Hazard Deaths Injuries Property Damage ($) Local Damage Reported June, 1997 21 Thunderstorm Wind 0 0 1,000,000 June, 2000 23 Flash Flood 0 0 200,000 June, 1998 29 Thunderstorm Wind 0 0 150,000 May, 20017 7 Flash Flood 0 0 150,000 June, 1998 18 Flash Flood 0 0 100,000 July, 2008 27 Hail 0 0 100,000 June, 2011 9 Flash Flood 0 0 100,000 September, 2000 14 Thunderstorm Wind 0 0 75,000

KNO-108 The City of Knoxville Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Month, Year Day Hazard Deaths Injuries Property Damage ($) April, 2012 14 Thunderstorm Wind 0 0 75,000 May, 1996 9 Flood 0 0 50,000 June, 1998 14 Flood 0 0 50,000 May, 1998 6 Flood 0 0 50,000 June, 2008 3 Flash Flood 0 0 50,000 April, 2010 25 Flood 0 0 50,000 July, 2011 22 Lightning 0 0 50,000 July, 2014 12 Flash Flood 0 0 50,000 June, 1998 18 Flood 0 0 40,000 July, 1998 6 Flood 0 0 25,000 July, 2010 18 Flash Flood 0 0 25,000 June, 1998 29 Thunderstorm Wind 0 0 15,000 May, 2011 29 Thunderstorm Wind 0 0 15,000 June, 2011 26 Thunderstorm Wind 0 0 15,000 July, 2011 22 Thunderstorm Wind 0 0 15,000 May, 1996 24 Hail 0 0 10,000 May, 1998 20 Hail 0 0 10,000 May, 1999 27 Hail 0 0 10,000 June, 2000 25 Thunderstorm Wind 0 0 10,000 August, 2003 20 Thunderstorm Wind 0 0 10,000 June, 2005 4 Thunderstorm Wind 0 0 10,000 April, 2010 5 Hail 0 0 10,000 April, 2010 5 Hail 0 0 10,000 May, 2011 29 Thunderstorm Wind 0 0 10,000 June, 2011 26 Thunderstorm Wind 0 0 10,000 August, 2011 6 Thunderstorm Wind 0 0 10,000 July, 2000 5 Thunderstorm Wind 0 0 5,000 June, 2001 12 Hail 0 0 5,000 May, 2003 10 Hail 0 0 5,000 May, 2003 4 Thunderstorm Wind 0 0 5,000 May, 2003 4 Thunderstorm Wind 0 0 5,000 August, 2004 3 Thunderstorm Wind 0 0 5,000 August, 2004 3 Thunderstorm Wind 0 0 5,000 September, 2005 8 Thunderstorm Wind 0 0 5,000 June, 2007 22 Thunderstorm Wind 0 0 5,000 September, 2009 14 Thunderstorm Wind 0 0 5,000 April, 2010 5 Hail 0 0 5,000 June, 2010 26 Thunderstorm Wind 0 0 5,000 April, 2009 8 Hail 0 0 4,000 April, 2001 11 Hail 0 0 3,000

The City of Knoxville Participant Section KNO-109 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Month, Year Day Hazard Deaths Injuries Property Damage ($) June, 2001 14 Thunderstorm Wind 0 0 3,000 May, 2002 8 Thunderstorm Wind 0 0 3,000 September, 2009 18 Hail 0 0 3,000 July, 2008 27 Hail 0 0 3,000 April, 2010 5 Hail 0 0 3,000 April, 2010 5 Hail 0 0 3,000 April, 2010 6 Hail 0 0 3,000 June, 2000 25 Thunderstorm Wind 0 0 2,000 June, 2000 25 Thunderstorm Wind 0 0 2,000 April, 2001 11 Hail 0 0 2,000 June, 2001 12 Hail 0 0 2,000 May, 2003 4 Thunderstorm Wind 0 0 2,000 August, 2004 25 Thunderstorm Wind 0 0 2,000 June, 2005 4 Thunderstorm Wind 0 0 2,000 April, 2006 2 Hail 0 0 2,000 May, 2010 12 Hail 0 0 2,000 April, 2010 2 Thunderstorm Wind 0 0 2,000 May, 1998 20 Hail 0 0 1,000 April, 2010 11 Hail 0 0 1,000 April, 2010 11 Hail 0 0 1,000 May, 2002 8 Thunderstorm Wind 0 0 1,000 March, 2006 8 Hail 0 0 1,000 June, 2006 21 Hail 0 0 1,000 June, 2006 27 Hail 0 0 1,000 Totals 0 0 $1,356,000 Source: January 1996 to October 2014 NOAA National Climatic Data Center

KNO-110 The City of Knoxville Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

RISK ASSESSMENT Hazard Identification The following table is a localized risk assessment of hazards identified specifically for Knoxville. Hazards marked with asterisks those that the planning team identified as posing the greatest risk. The following table also indicates if the hazard has occurred previously, historical local losses, and specific concerns identified for this hazard. A description of why this hazard is a concern, what the community is currently doing to address this hazard, and what mitigation projects they propose are included in this section. If available, a map indicating the location of mitigation projects can be found at the end of this participant section.

Table KNO.12: The City of Knoxville’s Risk Assessment PREVIOUS SPECIFIC CONCERNS HAZARD TYPE OCCURRENCE LOCAL LOSSES IDENTIFIED Yes/No

Animal/Crop/Plant Disease Yes Economic losses No Dam Failure* No None Yes Economic losses, threat Yes No Drought to water supply Earthquake No None No Expansive Soils No None No Extreme Heat Yes None No Flash Flooding* Yes Minor flooding No Grass and Wildland Fires Yes None No Hailstorm Yes None No Hazardous Materials* Yes None Yes Human Disease Yes None No Infrastructure Failure Yes Minor, power lines No Landslide No None No Levee Failure No None No River Flooding Yes None Yes Severe Winter Storms Yes None Yes Sinkholes No None No Thunderstorms and Lightning Yes None No Tornadoes Yes None Yes Transportation Incidents Yes None No Windstorms Yes None No *Identified by the planning team as a top concern for the jurisdiction

For more information regarding area wide hazards, please see Section Four: Risk Assessment. The following provides community specific information, reported in Knoxville’s Risk Assessment Summary, that is relevant to the hazards which the community identified as top concerns.

The City of Knoxville Participant Section KNO-111 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

DAM FAILURE

Red Rock Dam is a state-owned dam located about five miles northeast of the City of Knoxville proper, along Lake Red Rock – a lake that’s part of the Des Moines River. According to the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Lake Red Rock entails more than 15,000 acres of water, and collects runoff and drainage from more than 12,320 square miles of land from Iowa and southern Minnesota. Red Rock Dam controls the flow of this reservoir, so a failure of this dam could be catastrophic, possibly involving mass casualties and extensive damage to property and natural resources. Construction on the dam is ongoing, raising concerns among city officials about the stability of the dam during construction.

As a high hazard dam, the dam is required to have an Emergency Action Plan. Knoxville will also work to develop plans specific to the city related to emergency response. The city also identified the needs for GIS technology, this can be used to develop evacuation plans to facilitate more efficient evacuations should a dam related emergency arise. For structural improvements to the Red Rocks Dam, this exceeds that jurisdictional capabilities and authorities as it is a state owned structure. The city and county will continue to collaborate regarding dam needs and local measure that can reduce city specific vulnerabilities.

FLASH FLOODING AND RIVER FLOODING

Knoxville is equally concerned about flash flooding and river flooding. English Creek runs along the southern edge of town, and the Des Moines River runs along the northern and northeastern edges. Areas east of Main Street in town have poor drainage. Fortunately, flooding has not damaged critical municipal buildings in recent years.

To mitigate this hazard going forward, the city plans to continue to participate in the NFIP, and acquire, relocate, and elevate structures.

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

While no known hazardous materials incidents have occurred in Knoxville in recent years, the city is concerned about hazardous materials that are transported along local highways. State Routes 5 and 92 run east to west through the center, southeastern, and southern parts of town, while State Highway 14 runs through town from north to south. Local car shops, the Hormel plant, and the 3M plant in town all store hazardous materials on site. State Highway 92, in particular, runs by a hospital and a Walmart. The city is concerned that it is not prepared to handle a hazardous materials incident, and the risks to public safety resulting from such an incident. Transportation of hazardous materials along the BNSF rail line is also a significant concern—many of the chemicals stored at the 3M plant come through town by rail. The Hormel plant has a large tank of hazardous materials, as well as a set of eight MidAmerican power backup generators.

To mitigate this hazard, Knoxville presently does have a hazardous materials team with some training for these kinds of incidents. However, city officials believe that more training and resources – including additional personnel – are needed to ensure the preparedness of this team. In addition, city officials believe that hospital staff need additional training on hazardous material incidents.

GOVERNANCE A community’s governance structure impacts its ability to implement hazard mitigation actions. Knoxville is governed by a Mayor and a 5 member council. Knoxville also has a City Manager, City Clerk, City Attorney, Police Chief, Fire Chief, and a Street Supervisor. The community has a variety of city deparments,

KNO-112 The City of Knoxville Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan including Administration, Fire & Rescue, Airport, Library, Parks & Recreation, Planning & Zoning, Police, and Public Works.

Table KNO.13: Capability Assessment

Survey Components/Subcomponents Existing (Yes/No)

Comprehensive Plan Yes Capital Improvements Plan Yes Hazard Mitigation Plan Yes Economic Development Plan No Local Emergency Operations Plan Yes Debris Management Plan No Planning Local Recovery Plan No Capability Natural Resources Protection Plan No Transportation Plan No Watershed Plan No Open Space Preservation Plan No Floodplain Management Plan No Storm Water Management Plan No Storm Water Ordinance No Tree Trimming Ordinance No Zoning Ordinance Yes Subdivision Regulation/Ordinance Yes Policies / Site Plan Review Requirements Yes Ordinances Historic Preservation Ordinance No Floodplain Ordinance Yes Building Codes Yes National Flood Insurance Program Yes Community Rating System No Planning Commission Yes Hazard Mitigation Planning Commission Yes Floodplain Administrator Yes Emergency Manager County-level Staffing GIS/Mapping Coordinator County-level Chief Building Official/Inspector Yes Engineer No Grant Manager No Public Works Official No

The City of Knoxville Participant Section KNO-113 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Survey Components/Subcomponents Existing (Yes/No)

Sanitation Department No Housing Program Staff No Historic Preservation Staff No Flood Insurance Rate Maps No Flood Insurance Study No Critical Facilities Inventory No Studies and Land Use Map Yes Maps Evacuation Route Map No Capital Improvement Project Funding Yes Community Development Block Grant No Authority to Levy Taxes for Specific Purposes Yes Fiscal Gas/Electric Service Fees No Capability Storm Water Service Fees No Water/Sewer Service Fees Yes Development Impact Fees No General Obligation Revenue or Special Tax Bonds Yes Local citizen groups or non-profit organizations focused on No environmental protection, emergency preparedness, access and functional needs populations, etc. Please list. Ongoing public education or information program (e.g., Yes Education responsible water use, fire safety, household preparedness, and environmental education) Outreach Natural Disaster or Safety related school programs No Programs StormReady Certification County-level Firewise Communities Certification No Public-private partnership initiatives addressing disaster- No related issues Mutual Aid Agreements Yes

The city of Knoxville works hard to maintain a number of planning mechanisms, including a Comprehensive Plan, an Emergency Operations Plan, a Zoning Ordinance, a Building Code, a Capital Improvements Program, a Floodplain Ordinance, and a Subdivision Regulation. The city’s zoning ordinance prevents the development or filling in of wetlands, floodplains, and floodways, Knoxville also adopted 2009 International Building Codes (IBC) in 2014, and these building codes recommend the use of wind-resistant construction practices. Principles of hazard mitigation are also found in the Capital Improvement Program, which includes updating/replacing a stretch of storm sewer. In 2016 Knoxville will begin work on updating the community’s comprehensive plan. The comprehensive plan will continue to

KNO-114 The City of Knoxville Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan support development outside of areas documented to be vulnerable to hazards, further the comprehensive plan will acknowledge and reference the hazard mitigation plan related to future development in the city.

Marion County also has a Comprehensive Plan, which outlines future land use areas. The Marion County Comprehensive Plan shows that all 1% Annual Flood Risk Area is zoned for Open Space. See Figure 23 & Figure 24 below to see Knoxville’s plan for expansion. Future updates of the Marion County Comprehensive Plan will also include the goals and objectives established as a part of the hazard mitigation plan.

The City of Knoxville Participant Section KNO-115 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Figure KNO.6: Future Land Use (West)

KNO-116 The City of Knoxville Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Figure KNO.7: Future Land Use (East)

The City of Knoxville Participant Section KNO-117 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

MITIGATION ACTIONS

COMPLETED MITIGATION PROJECTS

Flood Protection of Water/Sewer Plants Analysis Walls built up around clarifiers and lagoon. West side lift station shut down and capped off. Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.1 Hazard(s) Addressed Flooding Lead Agency WRF Status Completed

Purchase SCBAs Analysis Purchase SCBAs, purchased 25 bottles in 2016 Goal/Objective Goal 4, Objective 4.1 Hazard(s) Addressed Urban Fire Lead Agency Fire Department/EMS Status Completed

ONGOING/NEW MITIGATION PROJECTS Acquire/Elevate Structures in Floodplain Analysis Acquire and elevate structures in floodplain areas. Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.3 Hazard(s) Addressed Flooding Estimated Cost Varies Potential Funding Grant funding, General Fund Timeline 5+ years Priority Low Lead Agency Zoning, Floodplain Administrator Status Not Started

Relocate Structures in Floodplain Analysis Acquire and relocate structures in floodplain areas. Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.2 Hazard(s) Addressed Flooding Estimated Cost Varies based on structures Potential Funding Grant funding, General Fund Timeline 5+ years Priority Low Lead Agency Zoning, Floodplain Administrator Status Not Started

Chemical Storage Facilities Analysis Construct storage facilities for pesticides, insecticides, and chemicals. Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.1 Hazard(s) Addressed Chemical Fixed Site, Hazardous Materials

KNO-118 The City of Knoxville Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Chemical Storage Facilities Estimated Cost $20,000 Potential Funding Grant Funding, General Fund Timeline 5+ years Priority Medium Lead Agency Streets Department Status Not Started

Site Security Analysis Develop/maintain security at applicable assets (surveillance, cameras, lighting) Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.1 Hazard(s) Addressed Terrorism, Civil Disorder Estimated Cost $10,000 Potential Funding General Fund Timeline 2-5 years Priority High Lead Agency Police Status Not Started

GPS Units Analysis Install GPS units in emergency/city vehicles. Goal/Objective Goal 4, Objective 4.3 Hazard(s) Addressed All Hazards Estimated Cost $100 per vehicle Potential Funding General Fund Timeline 5+ years Priority Low Lead Agency Police, Fire, Streets, Water Reclamation Status Not Started

Safe Room Retrofits Analysis Install safe room retrofits into critical assets/facilities Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.1 Hazard(s) Addressed High Winds, Tornados Estimated Cost $150,000 Potential Funding General Fund, Grant Funding Timeline 5+ years Priority High Lead Agency City Hall (department), Police Status Not Started

Landscaping Practices Analysis Promote good landscaping practices among property owners. Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.3 Hazard(s) Addressed Drought Estimated Cost Not Applicable

The City of Knoxville Participant Section KNO-119 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Landscaping Practices Potential Funding General Fund Timeline 5+ years Priority Low Lead Agency Zoning Department Status Not Started

In-home Tornado Safe Rooms Analysis Promote the construction of private in-home tornado safe rooms. Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.1 Hazard(s) Addressed Tornados, High Winds Estimated Cost $5,000-$15,000 Potential Funding Grant Funding, Citizen Funding Timeline 2-5 years Priority Low Lead Agency Zoning Status Not Started

Emergency Operations Plan Analysis Adopt a thorough emergency operations plan (EOP) addressing hazards and mass casualties. Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.2 Hazard(s) Addressed All Hazards Estimated Cost $5,000 Potential Funding Not Applicable Timeline 2-5 years Priority High Lead Agency Marion County Emergency Management, City Hall (department), Streets, Police/Fire Departments Status In Progress

Building Codes Analysis Adopt building codes to address various natural hazards. Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.2 Hazard(s) Addressed All Hazards Estimated Cost None Potential Funding Not Applicable Timeline 1-5 years Priority Medium Lead Agency Zoning Status In Progress

KNO-120 The City of Knoxville Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Community Drills Analysis Conduct drills/exercises to increase preparedness. Goal/Objective Goal 3, Objective 3.1 Hazard(s) Addressed All Hazards Estimated Cost None Potential Funding Not Applicable Timeline Ongoing Priority Medium Lead Agency Public Safety (Fire/EMS/Police) Status In Progress

Safe Rooms Analysis Conduct community safe rooms in various community assets (parks, buildings, mobile home areas, etc.) Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.2 Hazard(s) Addressed High Winds, Tornado Estimated Cost $100,000 Potential Funding Grant Funding, General Fund Timeline 5+ years Priority Medium Lead Agency City Hall (department), Public Safety Status In Progress

Emergency Response Guidebooks Analysis Emergency response guidebooks in key emergency and city vehicles. Goal/Objective Goal 3, Objective 3.1 Hazard(s) Addressed All Hazards Estimated Cost $2,000 Potential Funding General Fund Timeline Ongoing Priority Medium Lead Agency Police, Fire, Streets Departments Status In Progress

Law Enforcement Capabilities Analysis Expand law enforcement capabilities. Goal/Objective Goal 1, Objective 1.1 Hazard(s) Addressed All Hazards Estimated Cost Varies based on officer Potential Funding General Fund Timeline Ongoing Priority Medium Lead Agency Police Department Status In Progress

The City of Knoxville Participant Section KNO-121 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Policy Review Analysis Full review of policy, procedure and codes. Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.3 Hazard(s) Addressed All Hazards Estimated Cost None Potential Funding Not Applicable Timeline Ongoing Priority High Lead Agency City Hall (department), Police, Fire, Streets, Water Reclamation, and Recreation Status In Progress

GIS Mapping Analysis GIS mapping system implementation and digital hazard maps. Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.3 Hazard(s) Addressed Flooding, Severe Winter Storm Estimated Cost $10,000 Potential Funding Road Use Tax, Sewer Enterprise Fund Timeline 2-5 years Priority High Lead Agency Streets Department, WRF Status In Progress

Harden Public Buildings Analysis Harden Public Buildings Goal/Objective Goal 1, Objective 1.1 Hazard(s) Addressed High Winds, Tornados Estimated Cost $75,000 Potential Funding General Fund Timeline 2-5 years Priority Medium Lead Agency City Hall (department), Police, Fire, Streets, Water Reclamation, Recreation Status In Progress

Public Awareness Analysis Improve public awareness of hazard risks- dispense print materials. Goal/Objective Goal 3, Objective 3.1 Hazard(s) Addressed All Hazards Estimated Cost $10,000 Potential Funding General Fund Timeline Ongoing Priority Medium Lead Agency City Hall (department), Police, Fire, Streets, Water Reclamation, and Recreation Status In Progress

KNO-122 The City of Knoxville Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Alternative Storm Water Controls Analysis Install alternative or sustainable storm water control options such as buffer strips, bioswales, and rain gardens. Goal/Objective Goal 3, Objective 3.1 Hazard(s) Addressed Flooding Estimated Cost $50,000 Potential Funding General Fund Timeline Ongoing Priority Low Lead Agency Zoning Status In Progress

New or Upgrade Fire Stations Analysis Waiting for feasibility to determine next steps of a new/remodeled fire station. Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.1 Hazard(s) Addressed Wildfire, Urban Fire Estimated Cost Presently Unknown Potential Funding Grant Funding, General Fund Timeline Ongoing Priority New Lead Agency Fire Department Status In Progress

Weather Radios Analysis Promote NOAA weather radio-citizen purchase (rebate initiative) Goal/Objective Goal 4, Objective 4.3 Hazard(s) Addressed All Hazards Estimated Cost $50/radio Potential Funding General Fund Timeline Ongoing Priority Low Lead Agency Fire/EMS/Police Status In Progress

Standby Pumps/Generators Analysis Purchase standby pumps and generators Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.1 Hazard(s) Addressed All Hazards Estimated Cost $50,000 Potential Funding Grant Funding Timeline 1 year Priority High Lead Agency Fire/EMS/WRF Status In Progress

The City of Knoxville Participant Section KNO-123 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Backup Power Generators Analysis Purchase/install backup power generators. Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.1 Hazard(s) Addressed Prolonged Power Outage Estimated Cost Will depend on generator Potential Funding Vehicle and Equipment Replacement Fund Timeline 1 year Priority High Lead Agency City Hall (department), Police Status In Progress

Restricted Access Procedures Analysis Denote areas with restricted access. Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.3 Hazard(s) Addressed Transportation, Civil Disorder, Haz Mat Estimated Cost $1,000 Potential Funding General Fund Timeline 5+ years Priority High Lead Agency Police, Fire Department Status In Progress

Utility Lines Analysis Retrofit/harden existing overhead utility lines. Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.2 Hazard(s) Addressed High Winds, Tornados, Severe Winter Storms, Tornados Estimated Cost $10,000 Potential Funding General Fund Timeline 2-5 years Priority High Lead Agency City Hall (department) Status In Progress

Purchase Road Closure Barricades Analysis Purchase road closure barricades. Goal/Objective Goal 4, Objective 4.2 Hazard(s) Addressed Transportation Incidents Estimated Cost $5,000 Potential Funding General Fund Timeline Ongoing Priority High Lead Agency City Hall (department) Status In Progress

KNO-124 The City of Knoxville Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Civil Service Improvements Analysis Purchase snow trucks, plows, and sanders Goal/Objective Goal 4, Objective 4.3 Hazard(s) Addressed Severe Winter Storms Estimated Cost $100,000 Potential Funding Vehicle Equipment Replacement Fund Timeline Ongoing Priority High Lead Agency Public Works Status In Progress

Remain active in the NFIP Program Analysis Enforcement of floodplain management requirements, including regulating new construction in Special Flood Hazard Areas (SFHAs) Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.2 Hazard(s) Addressed Flooding Estimated Cost None Potential Funding N/A Timeline Ongoing Priority High Lead Agency Planning & Zoning Status Ongoing

Implement Stormwater Utility Analysis Implement a municipal stormwater utility to fund stormwater infrastructure maintenance and updates. Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.1 Hazard(s) Addressed Flooding Estimated Cost None Potential Funding N/A Timeline Ongoing Priority High Lead Agency Planning & Zoning, Administration Status Ongoing

Replace Fire Apparatus Analysis Purchase new fire apparatus to replace older engines Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.1 Hazard(s) Addressed Safety Estimated Cost $1.5 million Potential Funding Vehicle & Equipment Replacement Fund, Municipal Bond Timeline Ongoing Priority High Lead Agency Fire & Rescue Status Ongoing

The City of Knoxville Participant Section KNO-125 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Improve Hazardous Incident Response Analysis Improved training and mutual aid agreements Goal/Objective Goal 4, Objective 4.1 Hazard(s) Addressed Safety Estimated Cost None Potential Funding General Fund Timeline Ongoing Priority High Lead Agency Fire & Rescue Status Ongoing

REMOVED MITIGATION PROJECTS

Rail Over/Underpasses Analysis Build rail over/underpasses to reduce intersection accidents. Reason for Removal BNSF asked to close 1-4 crossings, council rejected. Not enough ROW to build over/underpasses without purchasing many residential properties.

Construct or Repair Dams Analysis Construct or Repair Dams Reason for Removal No dams present.

Awareness Campaign Analysis Develop annual leadership awareness campaign about the plan. Reason for Removal Unrealistic, no community buy in.

Volunteer Organization Analysis Develop volunteer base-trained and standby groups. Reason for Removal Not relevant

Contamination Mapping Analysis Map past chemical contamination sites. Reason for Removal Done on state level, not local (Fire Marshal, IDNR, etc.)

New Fire Hydrants Analysis Install new fire hydrants. Reason for Removal Completed by a private entity

KNO-126 The City of Knoxville Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

The City of Knoxville Participant Section KNO-127 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

PARTICIPANT SECTION FOR THE

CITY OF MARYSVILLE

Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

MAR-128 City of Marysville Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

OVERVIEW This is the first mitigation plan for the City of Marysville. They were not participants in the 2012 Marion county Hazard Mitigation Plan.

The City of Marysville participated in this hazard mitigation plan in order to reduce the risk to human life and property from hazards. Their participation was extensive: a representative from Marysville attended every public meeting; met with members from the planning team; completed all hazard identification and project identification worksheets; engaged the general public in the planning process; and, assisted in plan development coordination and data analysis.

For Marysville, the top concerns that were identified through this planning process include flooding, grass/wildfire, severe winter storm, tornado, and urban fire. The highest priority projects identified to address these issues include road maintenance, installing a tornado siren and fire hydrants.

The following people were heavily involved in the development of Marysville’s Participant Section:

Table MRY. 1: City of Marysville Plan Contributors Name Title Department / Organization Jeff Anderson Director Marion County Emergency Management Agency Corey Bakalar Fire Chief City of Marysville Jeff Henson Senior Planner, Project Manager JEO Consulting Group, Inc. John Brennan GIS Specialist JEO Consulting Group, Inc.

This section contains important information about the City of Marysville relevant to hazard mitigation, including the following elements:

City of Marysville Participant Section MAR-129 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

LOCATION AND GEOGRAPHY The City of Marysville is located in the south eastern portion of Marion County and covers an area of 0.37 square miles. Major waterways within the area include Cedar Creek, which runs through the southwestern edge of the community. North Cedar Creek is located approximately .75 miles northwest of Marysville. The area is not heavily forested, nor is it located in a geographic area of the state prone to landslides. Most of Marysville lies in the plains topographic region, and is surrounded by agricultural fields.

Figure MRY. 1: Map of the City of Marysville

MAR-130 City of Marysville Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

CLIMATE Marysville’s climate is classified as humid continental, which is marked by variable weather patterns and a large seasonal temperature variance. The average high temperature in Marysville for the month of July is 87.6 degrees and the average low temperature for the month of January is 13.3 degrees. Marysville averages 29.79 days with a temperature over 90 degrees and 44.3 days below 32 degrees. A historic low of -30.0 degrees occurred in 1912, and a historic high of 114 occurred in 1934. On average, Marysville gets 33.6 inches of rain and 26.9 inches of snowfall per year. The following table compares these climate indicators with those of the entire planning area and the State of Iowa.

Table MRY. 2: Climate Data for the City of Marysville Age Marysville Marion County State of Iowa July High Temp 87.6° 87.6° 86.0° January Low Temp 13.3° 13.3° 14.0° Annual Rain Fall 33.6 inches 33.5 inches 34.7 inches Annual Snow Fall 26.9 inches 26.9 inches 32.4 inches Days over 90° 29.7 29.7 13.8 Days below 32° 44.3 44.3 62.9 Source: University of Iowa, High Plains Regional Climate Center, NCDC 2015

TRANSPORTATION Marysville’s major transportation corridors include Van Buren Dr /Cedar St, which runs northwest to south east through the center of the community, and Virginia Dr which runs along the southern edge of the community and connects it with state highway 5 to the east. This information is relevant to hazard mitigation plans because it indicates possible evacuation corridors in the community, as well as areas more at risk to transportation incidents.

POPULATION The following figure displays the historical population trend from 1910 to 2010. This figure indicates that the population of Marysville has experienced eight decades of decline and two decades of growth. This is reflected in housing development as well, which saw development during decades of growth. Over the past decade, the population has grown by 12 people, or by 18 percent. Population trends are notable for hazard mitigation because communities with declining population may have a higher level of unoccupied housing that is not being up kept. Decreasing populations can also represent decreasing tax revenue for the community which could make implementation of mitigation actions more fiscally challenging.

City of Marysville Participant Section MAR-131 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Figure MRY. 2: Population 1910-2010 350319

300 234 250 203 200 165 149 150 113 91 84 100 65 66 54 50

0 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2010, Table DP-01; UNL Iowa Historical Population Report

The following table indicates the Marysville has a notably higher percentage of people under the age of 5 and over the age of 64 than Marion County. Marion County has a notably higher median age and households with children. Marysville is less ethnically diverse that the state of Iowa as a whole. These demographic variables are relevant to hazard mitigation insofar as the very young and elderly populations may be at greater risk from certain hazards than others. Likewise, additional social indicators may indicate vulnerability. For a more elaborate discussion of this vulnerability, please see Section Four: Risk Assessment.

Table MRY. 3: Population Makeup Age Marysville Marion County State of Iowa <5 10.3% 6.4% 6.5% 5-64 65.4% 77.7% 78.5% >64 24.1% 15.9% 15.1% Median Age 29.8 38.6 38.1 % ethnic minority 0% 3.5% 8.5 % households with children 0.5% 32.8% 30.5% % that speak English less than very well 0% 1.1% 3.0% Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2009-2013 ACS 5 Years Estimates

ECONOMICS AND HOUSING The following tables indicate that Marysville’s median household income, median home value, and per capita income are notably low compared to Marion County. Unemployement in Marysville is also much higher than county levels. Marysville has a similar percentage of employment compared to the county and the state. Economic indicators are relevant to hazard mitigation because they indicate the relative economic strength of an area. Economic indicators may also influence a community’s level of resiliency during hazardous events.

Table MRY. 4: Housing and Income City of Marysville Marion County State of Iowa Median Household Income $31,250 $54,723 $51,653 Per Capita Income $17,652 $25,477 $26,992 Median Home Value $42,500 $132,000 $124,300 Median Rent N/A $652 $670

MAR-132 City of Marysville Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

City of Marysville Marion County State of Iowa % Employed 33.3% 64.8% 64.8% % of people living in poverty 4.0% 9.2% 12.4% % living alone 20.0 26.0 28.8 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2013 American Community Surveys 5-year Estimates

The following figure indicates that the majority of the housing in Marysville was built prior to 1939. According to 2009-2013 ACS 5-year estimates, the community has 27 housing units; with 37.0 percent of those units occupied. There are approximately seven mobile homes in the community and 55 percent of the community’s housing was built before 1960. Communities with a substantial number of mobile homes may have a higher number of residents vulnerable to the impacts of high winds, tornados, and severe winter storms.

Figure MRY. 3: Housing Units by Year Built

16 15

6 5 4 4 3

2 0 0 0 0 0 0 Built 1939 Built 1940 toBuilt 1950 toBuilt 1960 toBuilt 1970 toBuilt 1980 toBuilt 1990 toBuilt 2000 to Built 2010 or earlier 1949 1959 1969 1979 1989 1999 2009 or later

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2009-2013 American Community Surveys 5-year Estimates, Table DP04

Table MRY. 5: Housing Units Total Housing Units Occupied Housing Units

Jurisdiction Occupied Vacant Owner Renter Number Percent Number Percent Number Number

Marysville 10 37.0% 17 62.9% 10 0

Marion County 13,924 91.1% 1,233 8.9% 9,622 3,609 Iowa 1,341,001 91.5% 114,454 8.5% 885,942 340,605 Source: Selected Housing Characteristics: 2009 - 2013 ACS 5-year estimates

City of Marysville Participant Section MAR-133 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Figure MRY. 4: Land Use Map

MAR-134 City of Marysville Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

PARCEL IMPROVEMENTS AND VALUATION The planning team requested parcel data from the Marion County Assessor. This data allowed the planning team to analyze the location, number, and value of property improvements at the parcel level. Improvements are defined as anything that make land more valuable, such as constructing a home. The data did not contain the number of structures on each parcel. A summary of the results of this analysis is provided in the following table.

Table MRY. 6: Parcel Improvements

Number of Total Total Value of Value of Parcels in Structures in Total Parcels in Parcels Parcels Floodplain Floodplain Structures Floodplain

82 22 $1,196,900 $304,620 1 47 Source: Iowa Department of Revenue, Property Assessment Division CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE/KEY RESOURCES Each participating jurisdiction identified critical facilities vital for disaster response, providing shelter to the public, and essential for returning the jurisdiction’s functions to normal during and after a disaster. Marysville identified 1 critical facilities meeting these criteria. Critical facilities were identified during the original planning process and updated by the local planning team during as a part of the plan update. The following table and figure provide a summary of the critical facilities for the jurisdiction.

Table MRY. 7: List of Critical Facilities in the City of Marysville Number Name In Floodplain? 1 Community Building No

City of Marysville Participant Section MAR-135 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Figure MRY. 5: Marysville Critical Facilities

MAR-136 City of Marysville Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

CHEMICAL STORAGE FIXED SITES According to the Tier II System reports submitted to the Iowa Department of Environmental Quality, there are no chemical storage site in Marysville.

HISTORIC SITES According to the National Register of Historic Places for Iowa, there are no historic units located in the City of Marysville.

HISTORICAL OCCURRENCES The planning team used the NCDC Storm Event Database to determine the number of severe weather events in the community from January 1996 to April 2015. Tornado events have a period of record from January 1950 to April 2015. Due to the large number of events only those with reported impacts are listed in the following table. Hazard events which are only reported at the county zonal level, such as Blizzard, Heavy Snow, etc., are in a following table, however, the exact amount of damage in Marysville for these events is unknown. The table below also contains information on each severe weather event with reported damages in Marysville, including date, deaths, injuries, and property damages. The events may have caused crop damage as well. For a detailed description of each of these hazards, please see Section Four: Risk Assessment.

Table MRY. 8: NCDC Severe Weather Events Month, Year Day Hazard Deaths Injuries Property Damage ($) Local Damage Reported July, 2008 8 Flash Flood 0 0 50,000 June, 2010 18 Flash Flood 0 0 10,000 June, 2010 18 Thunderstorm Wind 0 0 5,000 Totals 0 0 $65,000 Source: January 1996 to April 2015 NOAA National Climatic Data Center

RISK ASSESSMENT Hazard Identification The following table is a localized risk assessment of hazards identified specifically for Marysville. Hazards are those that the planning team identified as posing the greatest risk. The following table also indicates if the hazard has occurred previously, historical local losses, and specific concerns identified for this hazard. A description of why this hazard is a concern, what the community is currently doing to address this hazard, and what mitigation projects they propose are included in this section. If available, a map indicating the location of mitigation projects can be found at the end of this participant section.

Table MRY. 9: City of Marysville Risk Assessment PREVIOUS SPECIFIC CONCERNS HAZARD TYPE OCCURRENCE LOCAL LOSSES IDENTIFIED Yes/No

Animal/Crop/Plant Disease Yes None No Dam Failure No None No Drought Yes Economic losses No Earthquake No None No Expansive Soils No None No

City of Marysville Participant Section MAR-137 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Safety of residents, Extreme Heat Yes No economic losses Stranded residents, Flash Flood Yes water on roadways, Yes limited mobility Grass/Wildfire* Yes Economic losses Yes Hailstorm No None No Hazardous Materials No None No Human Disease No None No Infrastructure Failure No None No Landslide No None No Levee Failure No None No Loss of mobility, River Flooding* No economic losses, No damage to structures Loss of power, limited Severe Winter Storms* Yes mobility, freezing Yes temperatures Sinkholes No None No Flooding, lightning Thunderstorms and Lightning Yes No damages Tornado* No None Yes Transportation Incidents No None No Windstorm No Downed branches No *Identified by the planning team as a top concern for the jurisdiction

For more information regarding area wide hazards, please see Section Four: Risk Assessment. The following provides community specific information, reported in Marysville’s Risk Assessment Summary, that is relevant to the hazards which the community identified as top concerns.

When presented with a list of hazards in the State Hazard Mitigation Plan, the Marysville local planning team identified flooding, grass/wildfires, severe winter storms, tornados, and urban fire as top concerns for the city.

RIVER FLOODING According to the local planning team, flooding is a top concern for the city of Marysville. Significant flooding events occur once or twice a year, typically on the south, and east sides of the community. In 2015, flooding on the south side of town was so bad, a resident was stranded inside his home. Much of the flooding is riverine, from Cedar Creek. It is important to note that some of the flooding can be attributed to poor drainage in the area. To minimize the lasting impact as a result of flooding in Marysville, the local planning team has worked to install bigger culverts and deepen drainage ditches, in hopes of improving drainage capacity.

MAR-138 City of Marysville Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

GRASS/WILDFIRES According to the local planning team, grass/wildfires are a top concern for Marysville. A grass/wildfire event occurs in Marysville approximately annually. Often, these grass/wildfire events are started as a result of a brush fire gone awry. However, they can also occur from a lit cigarette or a combine fire. While the fire itself is a significant threat to the City of Marysville, perhaps a larger concern is the fire response resources in Marysville is that the nearest fire resources are 10 minutes away from Marysville. The City of Bussey covers Marysville’s fire responsibilities. However, Bussey is a 10 mile drive from Marysville, which causes a significant delay when responding to a call for assistance. To assist with fire response on some level, Marysville is interested in working to obtain one or two fire hydrants in town, to hold off any fires until the Bussey Fire Department could arrive.

SEVERE WINTER STORMS According to the local planning team, severe winter storms are a top concern for Marysville. Between one and three severe winter storms occur annually in Marysville. An additional concern for the Marysville is the threat of an ice storm. An ice storm occurred in 2008, and left the city without power for seven days. As a result, the local planning team is interested in obtaining a backup generator to run the community building, in order to keep people warm. Snow removal resources are contracted out to a local business, however if accumulation is less than one inch, city officials will simply let the snow melt away. Thus far, snow removal resources have been for a local event.

TORNADO According to the local planning team, tornadoes are a top concern for Marysville. While Marysville has never been hit by a tornado, tornados are common for the region as a whole. Further, the city does not have a tornado siren, and must rely on neighbors, or TV and cell phones in order to become aware of an approaching tornado. Further, the local planning team estimates that less than 25 percent of residents in Marysville have basements, which may provide additional protection in a tornado event.

Marysville does not provide any sort of public awareness information for tornado events, local planning team members indicate that the hazard is understood well enough that further information is not required. In order to limit lasting impacts as a result of tornadoes, the city of Marysville intends to pursue a tornado siren and a safe room.

GOVERNANCE A community’s governance structure impacts its ability to implement hazard mitigation actions. Marysville is governed by a Mayor and a five member council. Marysville also has a City Clerk.

City of Marysville Participant Section MAR-139 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Table MRY. 10: Capability Assessment

Survey Components/Subcomponents Existing (Yes/No)

Comprehensive Plan County Capital Improvements Plan No Hazard Mitigation Plan No Economic Development Plan No Local Emergency Operations Plan No Debris Management Plan No Planning Local Recovery Plan No Capability Natural Resources Protection Plan No Transportation Plan No Watershed Plan No Open Space Preservation Plan No Floodplain Management Plan No Storm Water Management Plan No Policies / Storm Water Ordinance No Ordinances Tree Trimming Ordinance No Zoning Ordinance No Subdivision Regulation/Ordinance No Site Plan Review Requirements No Historic Preservation Ordinance No Floodplain Ordinance Yes Building Codes No National Flood Insurance Program Yes Community Rating System No Others of relevance – Please list Ordinances requiring property maintenance Planning Commission No Hazard Mitigation Planning Commission No Floodplain Administration Yes Emergency Manager No GIS/Mapping Coordinator No Chief Building Official/Inspector No Staffing Engineer No Grant Manager No Public Works Official No Sanitation Department No Housing Program Staff No Historic Preservation Staff No Flood Insurance Rate Maps Yes Flood Insurance Study Yes Critical Facilities Inventory No Studies and Land Use Map No Maps Evacuation Route Map No Capital Improvement Project Funding No Community Development Block Grant No Authority to Levy Taxes for Specific Purposes No Fiscal Gas/Electric Service Fees No Capability Storm Water Service Fees No – No sewer system Water/Sewer Service Fees No Development Impact Fees No

MAR-140 City of Marysville Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Survey Components/Subcomponents Existing (Yes/No)

General Obligation Revenue or Special Tax Bonds Yes Local citizen groups or non-profit organizations focused on No environmental protection, emergency preparedness, access and functional needs populations, etc. Please list. Ongoing public education or information program (e.g., No responsible water use, fire safety, household preparedness, Education environmental education) and Natural Disaster or Safety related school programs No Outreach StormReady Certification No Programs Firewise Communities Certification No Public-private partnership initiatives addressing disaster- No related issues Mutual Aid Agreements Yes (Bussey Fire Department)

PLAN INTEGRATION Building safer and stronger communities can be accomplished through effective plan integration. Integrating hazard mitigation principles into other local planning mechanisms, such as plans addressing land use, transportation, climate change, sustainability, natural and cultural resource protection, watershed management, economic development and others can greatly increase an area’s level of resiliency. While this HMP planning process involved interdepartmental coordination at the local level, this planning process also sought to analyze how existing planning mechanisms were presently integrated and make suggestions for further integration. The plans listed in the preceding table were analyzed using guidance from FEMA’s 2014 Plan Integration Guide. The following paragraphs presents a summary of the findings of this analysis are presented.

As members of the NFIP, Marysville has both floodplain regulations and a floodplain ordinance. The community is also included in the Marion County Emergency Operations Plan, which delineates the responsibilities of different offices in an emergency.

Additionally, Marysville is included in the Future Land Use Map for the Marion County Comprehensive Plan. Marysville does not have any areas designated for expansion. However, the areas around Marysville in the floodplain are zoned for Open Space, to limit any future damages from flooding events. Marion County intends to include goals and objectives from this plan update during future updates of the Comprehensive Plan.

City of Marysville Participant Section MAR-141 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Figure MRY. 6:Future Land Use Map

MAR-142 City of Marysville Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

MITIGATION ACTIONS

Completed Mitigation Projects Marysville did not identify mitigation projects as a part of the 2012 Hazard Mitigation Plan.

Ongoing/New Mitigation Projects

Road Maintenance Description Due to flooding, Marysville is working to repair roadways in town. Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.1 Hazard(s) Addressed Transportation Incidents Estimated Cost $5,000 Potential Funding Grant Funding, General Fund Timeline 1 year Priority Medium Lead Agency Marion County Roads Status Not yet started

Civil Service Improvements Description Obtain a new municipal vehicle for snow removal, truck with plow Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.2 Hazard(s) Addressed Severe winter storm Estimated Cost $100,000 Potential Funding Grant Funding, General Fund Timeline 2-5 years Priority Medium Lead Agency Marion County Roads Status Not yet started

Tornado Siren Description Obtain a tornado siren for awareness of a tornado event. Goal/Objective Goal 4, Objective 4.3 Hazard(s) Addressed Tornado, Severe Thunderstorms Estimated Cost $25,000 Potential Funding Grant Funding, General Fund Timeline 2-5 years Priority High Lead Agency City Board Status New

Fire Hydrants Description Install fire hydrants to assist in fire response. Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.1 Hazard(s) Addressed Urban Fire Estimated Cost $25,000 Potential Funding Grant Funding, General Fund

City of Marysville Participant Section MAR-143 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Fire Hydrants Timeline 2-5 years Priority Medium Lead Agency City Board Status Not yet started.

Maintain Good Standing in the NFIP. Description Enforcement of floodplain management requirements, including regulating new construction in Special Flood Hazard Areas (SFHAs) Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.3 Hazard(s) Addressed Flooding Estimated Cost N/A Potential Funding N/A Timeline Ongoing Priority High Lead Agency City Board Status Ongoing

Safe Rooms Description Design/retrofit safe rooms to FEMA standards, to protect areas without sufficient protection from high winds and tornados. Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.1 Hazard(s) Addressed High Winds, Tornados Estimated Cost Varies based on size Potential Funding Grant, General Fund Timeline 2-5 years Priority High Lead Agency City Board Status Not yet started

Removed Mitigation Projects

No projects have been removed since the last plan update in 2012.

MAR-144 City of Marysville Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

PARTICIPANT SECTION FOR THE

CITY OF MELCHER-DALLAS

Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

The City of Melcher-Dallas Participant Section MEL-145 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

OVERVIEW The City of Melcher-Dallas participated in this hazard mitigation plan in order to reduce the risk to human life and property from hazards. Their participation was extensive: a representative from Melcher-Dallas attended every public meeting; met with members from the planning team; completed all hazard identification and project identification worksheets; engaged the general public in the planning process; and, assisted in plan development coordination and data analysis.

For Melcher-Dallas, the top concerns that were identified through this planning process include flash flooding, hazardous materials, infrastructure failure, severe winter storms, tornadoes, and windstorms. The highest priority projects identified to address these issues include

The following people were heavily involved in the development of Melcher-Dallas’s Participant Section:

Table MD. 1: City of Melcher-Dallas Plan Contributors Name Title Department / Organization Jeff Anderson Director Marion County Emergency Management Agency Terry Fisher City Council City of Melcher-Dallas Jeff Henson Senior Planner, Project Manager JEO Consulting Group, Inc. John Brennan Planner, Project Coordinator JEO Consulting Group, Inc.

This section contains important information about the City of Melcher-Dallas relevant to hazard mitigation, including the following elements:

MEL-146 The City of Melcher-Dallas Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

LOCATION AND GEOGRAPHY The City of Melcher-Dallas is located in the south western portion of Marion County and covers an area of 1 square mile. Major waterways within the area include White Breast Creek, which is located approximaltey 1 mile northwest of the community. Tracy Creek runs approximatley 1 mile northeast of the community. Long Branch Creek is located about 1.5 miles to the south. The area does have forest cover on the nothern and eastern sides. The area is not located in a geographic area of the state prone to landslides. Most of Melcher-Dallas lies in the plains topographic region, and is surrounded by agricultural fields. Melcher and Dallas were separate cities until they merged into one city in 1986.

Figure MD. 1: City of Melcher-Dallas

The City of Melcher-Dallas Participant Section MEL-147 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

CLIMATE Melcher-Dallas’s climate is classified as humid continental, which is marked by variable weather patterns and a large seasonal temperature variance. The average high temperature in Melcher-Dallas for the month of July is 87.6 degrees and the average low temperature for the month of January is 13.3 degrees. Melcher- Dallas averages 29.7 days with a temperature over 90 degrees and 44.3 days below 32 degrees. A historic low of -30 degrees occurred in 1912, and a historic high of 114 occurred in 1934. On average, Melcher- Dallas gets 33.6 inches of rain and 26.9 inches of snowfall per year. The following table compares these climate indicators with those of the entire planning area and the State of Iowa.

Table MD. 2: Climate Data for the City of Melcher-Dallas Age Melcher-Dallas Marion County State of Iowa July High Temp 87.6° 87.6° 86.0° January Low Temp 13.3° 13.3° 14.0° Annual Rain Fall 33.6 inches 33.5 inches 34.7 inches Annual Snow Fall 26.9 inches 26.9 inches 32.4 inches Days over 90° 29.7 29.7 13.8 Days below 32° 44.3 44.3 62.9 Source: University of Iowa, High Plains Regional Climate Center, NCDC 2015

TRANSPORTATION Melcher-Dallas’s major transportation corridors include County Highway S35 which runs north-south the the center of the city. The main east-west coordiors include D Main St in the north, Shaw St, and Central St. The BNSF line runs north-south through the center of the city. This information is relevant to hazard mitigation plans because it indicates possible evacuation corridors in the community, as well as areas more at risk to transportation incidents.

POPULATION The following figure displays the historical population trend from 1990 to 2010. This figure indicates that the population of Melcher-Dallas has experienced two decades of population decline since they consolidated in 1986. Over the past decade, the population has declined by 10 people, or by 1 percent. Population trends are notable for hazard mitigation because communities with declining population may have a higher level of unoccupied housing that is not being up kept. Decreasing populations can also represent decreasing tax revenue for the community that could make implementation of mitigation actions more fiscally challenging.

MEL-148 The City of Melcher-Dallas Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Figure MD. 2: Population 1990-2010 1600

14001302 1298 1288

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0 1990 2000 2010 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2010, Table DP-01; UNL Iowa Historical Population Report

The following table indicates the Melcher-Dallas has a slightly higher percentage of people under the age of 5 and between the ages of 5 and 64 than Marion County. Melcher-Dallas also has a higher median age. Melcher-Dallas is more ethnically diverse than Marion County and the state of Iowa as a whole. There are fewer households with children compared to other areas of Iowa. These demographic variables are relevant to hazard mitigation insofar as the very young and elderly populations may be at greater risk from certain hazards than others. Likewise, additional social indicators may indicate vulnerability. For a more elaborate discussion of this vulnerability, please see Section Four: Risk Assessment.

Table MD. 3: Population Makeup Age Melcher-Dallas Marion County State of Iowa <5 8.9% 6.4% 6.5% 5-64 74.2% 77.7% 78.5% >64 16.7% 15.9% 15.1% Median Age 44 38.6 38.1 % ethnic minority 9.6% 3.5% 8.5 % households with children 23.9% 32.8% 30.5% % that speak English less than very well 0% 1.1% 3.0% Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2009-2013 ACS 5 Years Estimates

The City of Melcher-Dallas Participant Section MEL-149 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

ECONOMICS AND HOUSING The following tables indicate that Melcher-Dallas’s median household income, per capita income, median home value, and median rent levels are all lower compared to Marion County as a whole. Employment rates are comparable. Melcher-Dallas a higher percentage of people living in poverty compared to the county and to the state. Economic indicators are relevant to hazard mitigation because they indicate the relative economic strength of an area. Economic indicators may also influence a community’s level of resiliency during hazardous events.

Table MD. 4: Housing and Income City of Melcher-Dallas Marion County State of Iowa Median Household Income $41,618 $54,723 $51,653 Per Capita Income $22,052 $25,477 $26,992 Median Home Value $73,000 $132,000 $124,300 Median Rent $543 $652 $670 % Employed 57.4% 64.8% 64.8% % of people living in poverty 16.6% 9.2% 12.4% % living alone 28.1% 26.0% 28.8% Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2013 American Community Surveys 5-year Estimates

The following figure indicates that the majority of the housing in Melcher-Dallas was built prior to 1950. According to 2009-2013 ACS 5-year estimates, the community has 668 housing units; with 82.6 percent of those units occupied. There are approximately 49 mobile homes in the community. Communities with a substantial number of mobile homes may have a higher number of residents vulnerable to the impacts of high winds, tornadoes, and severe winter storms.

Figure MD. 3: Housing Units by Year Built 350 314 300

250

200 181

150

100 57 50 30 27 21 22 16 0 0 Built 1939 Built 1940 Built 1950 Built 1960 Built 1970 Built 1980 Built 1990 Built 2000 Built 2010 or earlier to 1949 to 1959 to 1969 to 1979 to 1989 to 1999 to 2009 or later

Source: Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2009-2013 American Community Surveys 5-year Estimates, Table DP04

MEL-150 The City of Melcher-Dallas Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Table MD. 5: Housing Units Total Housing Units Occupied Housing Units

Jurisdiction Occupied Vacant Owner Renter Number Percent Number Percent Number Number

Melcher-Dallas 552 82.6% 116 17.3% 443 109

Marion County 13,924 91.1% 1,233 8.9% 9,622 3,609 Iowa 1,341,001 91.5% 114,454 8.5% 885,942 340,605 Source: Selected Housing Characteristics: 2009 - 2013 ACS 5-year estimates

The City of Melcher-Dallas Participant Section MEL-151 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Figure MD. 4: Land Use Map

MEL-152 The City of Melcher-Dallas Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

PARCEL IMPROVEMENTS AND VALUATION The planning team requested parcel data from the Marion County Assessor. This data allowed the planning team to analyze the location, number, and value of property improvements at the parcel level. Improvements are defined as anything that make land more valuable, such constructing a home. The data did not contain the number of structures on each parcel. A summary of the results of this analysis is provided in the following table.

Table MD. 6: Parcel Improvements Total Parcels Number of Total Value of Value of Parcels in Structures Total parcels in Parcels Floodplain in Structures floodplain Floodplain 765 73 $39,297,324 $2,508,570 83 1,234 Source: Iowa Department of Revenue, Property Assessment Division CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE/KEY RESOURCES Each participating jurisdiction identified critical facilities vital for disaster response, providing shelter to the public, and essential for returning the jurisdiction’s functions to normal during and after a disaster. Melcher-Dallas identified 8 critical facilities meeting these criteria. Critical facilities were identified during the original planning process and updated by the local planning team during as a part of the plan update. The following table and figure provide a summary of the critical facilities for the jurisdiction.

Table MD. 7: List of Critical Facilities in Melcher-Dallas

Number Name In Floodplain?

1 City Hall No 2 Elementary School No 3 Wastewater Lagoon No 4 Water Plant No 5 Fire Station No 6 High School No 7 Post Office No 8 Co-op No

The City of Melcher-Dallas Participant Section MEL-153 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Figure MD. 5: Melcher-Dallas Critical Facilities

MEL-154 The City of Melcher-Dallas Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

CHEMICAL STORAGE FIXED SITES According to the Tier II System reports submitted to the Iowa Department of Environmental Quality, there are no chemical storage sites in Melcher-Dallas.

HISTORIC SITES According to the National Register of Historic Places for Iowa, there are no historic units located in the City of Melcher-Dallas.

HISTORICAL OCCURRENCES The planning team used the NCDC Storm Event Database to determine the number of severe weather events in the community from January 1996 to April 2015. Tornado events have a period of record from January 1950 to April 2015. Due to the large number of events only those with reported impacts are listed in the following table. Hazard events which are only reported at the county zonal level, such as Blizzard, Heavy Snow, etc., are in a following table, however, the exact amount of damage in Melcher-Dallas for these events is unknown. The table below also contains information on each severe weather event with reported damages in Melcher-Dallas, including date, deaths, injuries, and property damages. The events may have caused crop damage as well. For a detailed description of each of these hazards, please see Section Four: Risk Assessment.

Table MD. 8: NCDC Severe Weather Events Month, Year Day City Hazard Deaths Injuries Property Damage ($) Local Damage Reported May, 2007 7 MELCHER Flood 0 0 300,000 June, 2010 27 MELCHER Thunderstorm Wind 0 0 50,000 April, 2010 5 MELCHER Hail 0 0 50,000 July, 2008 8 MELCHER Flash Flood 0 0 25,000 March, 2009 8 DALLAS Flood 0 0 25,000 June, 2003 25 MELCHER Thunderstorm Wind 0 0 10,000 April, 1998 25 MELCHER Hail 0 0 5,000 September, 2002 18 MELCHER Thunderstorm Wind 0 0 5,000 August, 2003 20 MELCHER Thunderstorm Wind 0 0 5,000 August, 2003 20 DALLAS Thunderstorm Wind 0 0 5,000 April, 2006 18 MELCHER Hail 0 0 5,000 April, 2006 18 DALLAS Hail 0 0 5,000 April, 2009 27 MELCHER Flood 0 0 5,000 September, 2009 18 DALLAS Hail 0 0 3,000 September, 2009 18 MELCHER Hail 0 0 3,000 August, 1996 19 DALLAS Hail 0 0 2,000 June, 1998 18 MELCHER Thunderstorm Wind 0 0 2,000 June, 1998 18 MELCHER Thunderstorm Wind 0 0 2,000 July, 2000 5 DALLAS Thunderstorm Wind 0 0 2,000 August, 2008 20 MELCHER Hail 0 0 2,000 May, 2004 24 MELCHER Thunderstorm Wind 0 0 2,000

The City of Melcher-Dallas Participant Section MEL-155 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Month, Year Day City Hazard Deaths Injuries Property Damage ($) April, 2006 18 MELCHER Hail 0 0 2,000 Totals 0 0 $515,000 Source: January 1996 to April 2015 NOAA NCDC RISK ASSESSMENT Hazard Identification The following table is a localized risk assessment of hazards identified specifically for Melcher-Dallas. Hazards marked with an asterisk are those that the planning team identified as posing the greatest risk. The following table also indicates if the hazard has occurred previously, historical local losses, and specific concerns identified for this hazard. A description of why this hazard is a concern, what the county is currently doing to address this hazard, and what mitigation projects they propose are included in this section. If available, a map indicating the location of mitigation projects can be found at the end of this participant section.

Table MD. 9: City of Melcher-Dallas' Risk Assessment PREVIOUS SPECIFIC CONCERNS HAZARD TYPE OCCURRENCE LOCAL LOSSES IDENTIFIED Yes/No

Animal/Crop/Plant Disease Yes Economic losses No Dam Failure No None No Drought Yes Economic losses No Earthquake No None No Expansive Soils No None No Extreme Heat Yes None No Flash Flooding* Yes Minor flooding Yes Grass or Wildland Fires No None No Hailstorm Yes None No Hazardous Materials* No None Yes Human Disease No None No Infrastructure Failure* No None Yes Landslide No None No Levee Failure No None No River Flooding No None No Severe Winter Storms* No None Yes Sinkholes No None No Thunderstorms and Lightning Yes None No Damage to trees, farm Yes Yes Tornadoes* buildings, power lines Transportation Incidents No None No Windstorms* Yes None Yes *Identified by the planning team as a top concern for the jurisdiction

For more information regarding area wide hazards, please see Section Four: Risk Assessment. The following provides community specific information, reported in Melcher-Dallas’s Risk Assessment Summary, that is relevant to the hazards which the community identified as top concerns.

MEL-156 The City of Melcher-Dallas Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

FLASH FLOODING AND RIVER FLOODING

Melcher-Dallas is concerned about flash flooding. The area most prone to flooding in the city include areas west of NW 2nd Street, and areas along the drainage creek, from the business district to the southeastern edge of town. These areas are prone to surface run-off following heavy rainstorms.

To mitigate this hazard going forward, the city plans to pursue DFIRM mapping, and improving storm water drainage.

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

While no known hazardous materials incidents have occurred in Melcher-Dallas in recent years, the city is concerned about hazardous materials that are transported along local highways and rail lines, and are stored locally. County Highway G-76 runs just south of town, east to west, while County Highway S-45 bisects the center of town, north to south. A Union Pacific railroad also runs north to south through town. Anhydrous ammonia is stored at a local co-op in the center of town, and a fill station is also sited at the co- op. The city’s fire station and high school are located a block away from the railroad, and the central business district is adjacent to it. Vulnerable populations live near the town’s co-op, in the south central part of town.

Hazardous materials teams are trained and well-equipped to address this hazard in Melcher-Dallas. However, neither the city nor county governments have conducted community outreach to educate residents living near hazardous material transport routes or storage sites about the appropriate responses to an incident.

To mitigate this hazard going forward, the city plans to invest in chemical containers.

INFRASTRUCTURE FAILURE

Melcher-Dallas has experienced notable problems with its water flow infrastructure in recent years. Municipal sewers backup during heavy rains, causing water to pool and flood residential basements. Local lagoons are also unable to adequately hold all the drainage following heavy rains, posing a risk of water overflowing lagoon dikes. The lift station is unable to pump the volume of water needed to alleviate these drainage issues.

To mitigate this hazard, the city’s public works department has set up two pumps to pump excess flow out of lagoons.

SEVERE WINTER STORMS

Per the NCDC database, in recent years, Marion County has experienced frequent winter storms, featuring heavy snowfall, ice, or blizzard-criteria conditions. The City of Melcher-Dallas’s main concern about severe winter weather is the risk of power outages due to downed trees and power lines, snow removal, and treating icy roads. Municipal critical facilities have not experienced structural damage from severe winter weather in recent years.

To address this hazard, the city’s public works department clears city roads, and considers its snow removal resources to be sufficient. The city owns two trucks with blades and sander, and a John Deere bucket plow. There are no designated snow routes in town. Snow fences are employed along Cinder Avenue. Very few if any power lines in town are buried.

The City of Melcher-Dallas Participant Section MEL-157 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

TORNADOES

Marion County has a history of damaging tornadoes. Per the NCDC database, two separate F-0 tornadoes touched down one mile west-northwest and northeast of town, causing negligible damage. An EF-1 tornado on May 30, 2008 caused $50,000 in property damage a few miles outside of town, damaging trees, farm buildings, and power lines. Tornadoes have not damaged municipal critical facilities in town in recent years. The city is concerned about the safety of families who live in modular homes during tornado weather.

The City does not have public safe rooms or storm shelters; so persons needing shelter from severe storms must rely on their own or a neighbor’s storm shelter, safe room, basement, or interior room. Municipal records are backed-up. Marion County Emergency Management provides text alerts to warn residents of severe weather. The City of Melcher-Dallas does not conduct outreach to educate residents about tornado safety. The city does have mutual aid agreements with other jurisdictions in Marion County.

HIGH WINDS

Per the NCDC database, in recent years, occasional storms with severe-criteria wind (58 mph or greater) have been officially recorded as impacting the Melcher-Dallas area since 2000. No severe-criteria hailstorms (one-inch diameter or greater-sized hail) impacting Harvey were recorded in the NCDC database. However, However, Marion County has a history of damaging thunderstorms, so Melcher-Dallas is prone to them. On June 27, 2010, a storm producing 70 mph winds caused $50,000 in property damage in the city, with damage to a room and grain bins. Another storm on April 5, 2010 produced ping-pong- sized hail, causing another $50,000 in property damage. Given the frequency of severe weather in Marion County, it is also possible that additional severe thunderstorm events impacting Melcher-Dallas have occurred, but not been officially recorded. The city is concerned about tree and roof damage as a consequence of severe thunderstorms. It is also concerned about the safety of families who live in modular homes during high winds.

GOVERNANCE A community’s governance structure impacts its ability to implement hazard mitigation actions. Melcher- Dallas is governed by a mayor and a five-member city council. Melcher-Dallas also has a city clerk, two city attornies, police chief, fire chief, and a street supervisor.

MEL-158 The City of Melcher-Dallas Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Table MD. 10: Capability Assessment

Survey Components/Subcomponents Existing (Yes/No)

Comprehensive Plan Yes Capital Improvements Plan No Hazard Mitigation Plan Yes Economic Development Plan No Local Emergency Operations Plan No Debris Management Plan No Planning Local Recovery Plan No Capability Natural Resources Protection Plan No Transportation Plan No Watershed Plan No Open Space Preservation Plan No Floodplain Management Plan Yes Storm Water Management Plan No Policies / Storm Water Ordinance Yes Ordinances Tree Trimming Ordinance No Zoning Ordinance Yes Subdivision Regulation/Ordinance No Site Plan Review Requirements No Historic Preservation Ordinance No Floodplain Ordinance Yes Building Codes No National Flood Insurance Program Yes Community Rating System No Planning Commission No Hazard Mitigation Planning Commission No Floodplain Administration No Emergency Manager No GIS/Mapping Coordinator No Chief Building Official/Inspector No Staffing Engineer No Grant Manager No Public Works Official Yes Sanitation Department Yes Housing Program Staff No Historic Preservation Staff No Flood Insurance Rate Maps Yes (FEMA) Flood Insurance Study No Critical Facilities Inventory No Studies and Land Use Map Yes Maps Evacuation Route Map No Capital Improvement Project Funding Yes Community Development Block Grant No Authority to Levy Taxes for Specific Purposes Yes Fiscal Gas/Electric Service Fees No Capability Storm Water Service Fees No Water/Sewer Service Fees No Development Impact Fees No General Obligation Revenue or Special Tax Bonds Yes

The City of Melcher-Dallas Participant Section MEL-159 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Survey Components/Subcomponents Existing (Yes/No)

Local citizen groups or non-profit organizations focused on environmental protection, emergency preparedness, access No and functional needs populations, etc. Please list. Ongoing public education or information program (e.g., Education responsible water use, fire safety, household preparedness, No and environmental education) Outreach Natural Disaster or Safety related school programs No Programs StormReady Certification No Firewise Communities Certification No Public-private partnership initiatives addressing disaster- No related issues Mutual Aid Agreements Yes

Melcher-Dallas does have a Comprehensive Plan, however the document was completed in 1986, and likely does not contain any current information. The city is working to update the plan; the forthcoming Comprehensive Plan will address the identified mitigation strategies. The Melcher-Dallas zoning ordinance does discourage development in known hazard areas. Finally, the city does have a floodplain ordinance which meets minimum state and federal requirements. Additionally, Melcher-Dallas is included in the Marion County Comprehensive Plan, future updates of which will include the goals and objectives outlined in this plan update.

MEL-160 The City of Melcher-Dallas Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Figure MD. 6: Future Land Use Map

The City of Melcher-Dallas Participant Section MEL-161 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

MITIGATION ACTIONS

Completed Mitigation Projects

Tree Trimming Ordinance. Analysis Adopt tree trimming ordinance. Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.1 Hazard(s) Addressed High winds, severe thunderstorms, Lead Agency City Council

Search and Rescue Analysis Develop search and rescue team. Goal/Objective Goal 4, Objective 4.1 Hazard(s) Addressed All hazards Lead Agency Fire Department

Extreme Heat Plan Analysis Develop/implement an extreme heat event medical response plan. Goal/Objective Goal 4, Objective 4.1 Hazard(s) Addressed Extreme Heat Lead Agency Fire Department

Power Failure Plan Analysis Develop/implement plan for power failure. Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.2 Hazard(s) Addressed Prolonged Power Outage Lead Agency City Council

Policy Review Analysis Full review of policy, procedure, and codes Goal/Objective Goal 3, Objective 3.1 Hazard(s) Addressed All hazards Lead Agency City Council

Inspect water lines Analysis Inspect water lines Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.1 Hazard(s) Addressed Flooding Lead Agency City Council

Antivirus Software Analysis Install and/or update antivirus software. Goal/Objective Goal 6, Objective 6.1 Hazard(s) Addressed None Lead Agency City Council

MEL-162 The City of Melcher-Dallas Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Pumps and Generators Analysis Purchase standby pumps and generators Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.1 Hazard(s) Addressed All hazards Lead Agency City Council

Tree Trimming Ordinance. Analysis Adopt tree trimming ordinance. Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.1 Hazard(s) Addressed High winds, severe thunderstorms, Lead Agency City Council

DFIRM Mapping Analysis Ask FEMA to complete digital FIRM maps or to update maps. Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.2 Hazard(s) Addressed Flooding Lead Agency City Council

Ongoing/New Mitigation Projects Fire-Fighting Resources Analysis Acquire modern chemicals and equipment for firefighting. Goal/Objective Goal 4, Objective 4.2 Hazard(s) Addressed Grass/Wildfire Estimated Cost $5,000 Potential Funding Local taxes Timeline 2-5 years Priority Medium Lead Agency City Council, Fire Department Status Not started

Building Codes Analysis Adopt building codes to address various natural hazards Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.3 Hazard(s) Addressed Flooding, High winds, tornadoes Estimated Cost $5,000 Potential Funding Not applicable Timeline 2-5 years Priority Medium Lead Agency City Council Status Not started

Mobile Home Ordinances Analysis Adopt a manufactured home development storm shelter ordinance Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.3 Hazard(s) Addressed Flooding, High Winds, Tornadoes Estimated Cost $5,000

The City of Melcher-Dallas Participant Section MEL-163 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Mobile Home Ordinances Potential Funding Local Taxes Timeline 5+ years Priority Local Lead Agency City Council Status Not started

Jurisdictional Plan Review Analysis Assure jurisdictional plans are in place and current. Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.2 Hazard(s) Addressed All hazards Estimated Cost $10,000 Potential Funding Taxation Timeline 5+ years Priority Low Lead Agency City Council Status Not started

Backup Files Analysis Backup jurisdictional files and records-store in alternative locations. Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.1 Hazard(s) Addressed All hazards Estimated Cost $1,000 Potential Funding Local Taxes Timeline 2-5 years Priority Medium Lead Agency City Council Status Not started

Preparedness Program Analysis Business and residential preparedness program. Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.2 Hazard(s) Addressed All hazards Estimated Cost $3,000 Potential Funding Local Taxes Timeline 2-5 years Priority Medium Lead Agency City Council Status Medium

MEL-164 The City of Melcher-Dallas Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Emergency Preparedness Drills Analysis Community drills Goal/Objective Goal 4, Objective 4.1 Hazard(s) Addressed All hazards Estimated Cost Not applicable Potential Funding Local Taxes Timeline 2-5 years Priority Medium Lead Agency City Council Status Not started

Sump Pump Study Analysis Conduct study on possible illegal use of sump pumps. Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.2 Hazard(s) Addressed Flooding, Infrastructure Failure Estimated Cost $10,000 Potential Funding Sanitary Sewer Budget Timeline 2-5 years Priority High Lead Agency City Council Status Not started

Safe Rooms Analysis Construct community safe rooms in various community assets (parks, buildings, manufactured homes areas, etc.) Goal/Objective Goal 1, Objective 1.1 Hazard(s) Addressed High Winds, Tornadoes Estimated Cost $250,000 Potential Funding Local taxes Timeline 5+ years Priority Medium Lead Agency City Council Status Not started

Storm Water Drainage Analysis Construct storm water drainage (underground, culverts, curb and gutter, basins, buffer strips, etc.) Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.1 Hazard(s) Addressed Flooding, Infrastructure Dailure Estimated Cost $50,000 Potential Funding Local taxes Timeline 2-5 years Priority Medium Lead Agency City Council Status Not started

The City of Melcher-Dallas Participant Section MEL-165 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Municipal Tracking Systems Analysis Install computers and/or GPS units in emergency/city vehicles Goal/Objective Goal 4, Objective 4.3 Hazard(s) Addressed All hazards Estimated Cost $500 Potential Funding Local taxes Timeline 5+ years Priority Medium Lead Agency City Council Status Not started

Safe Room Education Analysis Promote/provide tornado safe room design education for buildings and developers. Goal/Objective Goal 1, Objective 1.1 Hazard(s) Addressed High Winds, Tornadoes Estimated Cost None Potential Funding Local taxes Timeline 2-5 years Priority Low Lead Agency City Council Status Not started

Emergency Communication Analysis Purchase new, modernize, and/or harden existing mobile and personal communications equipment. Goal/Objective Goal 4, Objective 4.1 Hazard(s) Addressed All hazards Estimated Cost $50,000 Potential Funding Local taxes Timeline 5+ years Priority Medium Lead Agency City Council, Fire Department Status Not started

Raise Grade Analysis Raise grade to eliminate backup flooding. Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.2 Hazard(s) Addressed Flooding Estimated Cost Varies Potential Funding Local taxes, grant funding Timeline 5+ years Priority Medium Lead Agency City Council Status Not started

MEL-166 The City of Melcher-Dallas Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Chemical Containers Analysis Remove unused chemical containers Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.1 Hazard(s) Addressed Hazardous Materials, Chemical Fixed Site, Chemical Transportation Estimated Cost $10,000 Potential Funding Local taxes Timeline 2-5 years Priority Medium Lead Agency Marion County Environmental Health and Safety Status Not started

Maintain Good Standing in the NFIP Description Enforcement of floodplain management requirements, including regulating new construction in Special Flood Hazard Areas (SFHAs) Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.3 Hazard(s) Addressed Flooding Estimated Cost N/A Potential Funding N/A Timeline Ongoing Priority High Lead Agency City Council Status Ongoing

Removed Mitigation Projects

Structures in the Floodplain Analysis Acquire and elevate structures in the floodplain. Reason for Removal Local property owners are not interested.

Building Codes Analysis Acquire and relocate structure in floodplain areas. Reason for Removal No longer relevant.

Overpass Construction Analysis Build highway or rail overpasses to reduce intersection accidents. Reason for Removal IDOT would construct.

Bury Utility Lines Analysis Bury existing utility lines in existing development/require in new development. Reason for Removal Powerlines are the property of the power company.

Dam Maintenance Analysis Construct or repair dams. Reason for Removal Not the jurisdictions property/exceeds their authority.

The City of Melcher-Dallas Participant Section MEL-167 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Structures in the Floodplain Analysis Acquire and elevate structures in the floodplain. Reason for Removal Local property owners are not interested

Haz-Mat Transportation Analysis Designate/enforce area HAZMAT transportation routes Reason for Removal IDOT’s authority.

Awareness Campaign Analysis Develop annual leadership awareness leadership campaign about the plan Reason for Removal No local support.

Debris Disposal Analysis Develop local debris disposal sites Reason for Removal Currently addressed in the county LEOP.

Security Assets Analysis Develop/maintain security at applicable assets (surveillance cameras, lighting) Reason for Removal Other projects have been prioritized.

Community Evacuation Plan Analysis Develop/update/prioritize community evacuation plan. Reason for Removal No longer relevant

Encourage insurance Analysis Encourage private insurance purchase Reason for Removal No longer relevant.

Alert Systems Analysis Establish alert systems for vulnerable populations. Reason for Removal No longer relevant.

Vulnerable Populations Analysis Establish neighborhood watch programs for vulnerable populations during/ after events Reason for Removal No longer relevant.

Harden buildings Analysis Harden school buildings Reason for Removal Responsibility of school district.

Public Information Officer Analysis Hire or designate public information officer. Reason for Removal No longer relevant.

Public Awareness Analysis Improve public awareness of hazard risks- disperse print materials Reason for Removal Not a priority at this time.

MEL-168 The City of Melcher-Dallas Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Household Haz Mat Analysis Increase public awareness on household hazardous materials Reason for Removal Removed to prioritize other efforts.

Community Briefing Analysis Initial community briefings immediately after events Reason for Removal No longer relevant

Safe Room Retrofits Analysis Integrate safe room retrofits into critical assets/ facilities Reason for Removal Cost prohibitive

Emergency Operations Center Analysis Maintain Emergency Operations Center with 24-hr capabilities Reason for Removal Will rely on County EOC

Contamination Mapping Analysis Map past chemical contamination sites Reason for Removal Currently exceeds community’s capabilities.

Landscaping Practices Analysis Promote good landscaping practices among property owners. Reason for Removal Removed to prioritize other actions.

Weather Radios Analysis Promote NOAA weather radio-citizen purchase (rebate initiative) Reason for Removal Resources not available for rebate or other support.

In-home Safe Rooms Analysis Promote the construction of private in-home tornado safe rooms Reason for Removal Residents are aware of alternatives.

Purchase barricades Analysis Purchase road closure barricades Reason for Removal Will work with IDOT as needed.

Civil Service Improvements Analysis Purchase snow plows, trucks, and sanders Reason for Removal No longer relevant.

Looped Distribution Lines Analysis Redundant systems and looping (water, sewer, electric, gas) Reason for Removal Authority of power provider.

Reverse 911 Analysis Reverse E911 program Reason for Removal Not handled at the municipal level, sheriff’s office

The City of Melcher-Dallas Participant Section MEL-169 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Oxygen User Registration Program Analysis Special needs/ oxygen user registration program Reason for Removal Removed to prioritize other projects.

MEL-170 The City of Melcher-Dallas Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Stream Modifications Analysis Undertake stream modification Reason for Removal No modifications identified at this time.

The City of Melcher-Dallas Participant Section MEL-171 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

MEL-172 The City of Melcher-Dallas Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

PARTICIPANT SECTION FOR THE

CITY OF PELLA

Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

The City of Pella Participant Section PEL-173 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

OVERVIEW The City of Pella participated in this hazard mitigation plan in order to reduce the risk to human life and property from hazards. Their participation was extensive: a representative from Pella attended every public meeting; met with members from the planning team; completed all hazard identification and project identification worksheets; engaged the general public in the planning process; and, assisted in plan development coordination and data analysis.

For Pella, the top concerns that were identified through this planning process include hazardous materials, severe winter storms, thunderstorms and lightning, tornadoes, and transportation incidents. The highest priority projects identified to address these issues include

The following people were heavily involved in the development of Pella’s Participant Section:

Table PEL. 1: City of Pella Plan Contributors Name Title Department / Organization Jeff Anderson Director Marion County Emergency Management Agency Marcia Slycord Administrative Services Manager City of Pella Police Department Robert Bokinsky Police Chief City of Pella Police Department Mike Nardini City Administrator City of Pella Denny Buyert Public Works Director City of Pella George Wesselhoft Planning and Zoning Director City of Pella Jeannette Vaughn Community Services Director City of Pella Stephen Bennett Police and Fire Specialist City of Pella Dan Turner Assistant Director Pella EMS Jeff Henson Senior Planner, Project Manager JEO Consulting Group, Inc. John Brennan Planner, Project Coordinator JEO Consulting Group, Inc.

This section contains important information about the City of Pella relevant to hazard mitigation, including the following elements:

PEL-174 The City of Pella Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

LOCATION AND GEOGRAPHY The City of Pella is located in the north eastern portion of Marion County and covers an area of 8.73 square miles. Major waterways within the area include Lake Red Rock, which is located just 2000 ft from the city's southwestern border. A small tributary of the lake runs just feet away from the Bos Laden Gold Club on the southwestern corner of the city. A sepearte tributary of the lake actually crosses into Pella at the southcentral portion. Thunder Creek runs along the city's northern border, with a tributary actually entering into the city from the north. The South Skunk River is located approxmately 3 miles to the northeast. There are three small lakes, one is located on Central College’s Campus, another is located in Pella City Park, and another is located just outside municipal boundries in the northcentral portion of the city. The area is not heavily forested, nor is it located in a geographic area of the state prone to landslides. Most of Pella lies in the plains topographic region, and is surrounded by agricultural fields.

Figure PEL. 1: Map of the City of Pella

The City of Pella Participant Section PEL-175 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

CLIMATE Pella’s climate is classified as humid continental, which is marked by variable weather patterns and a large seasonal temperature variance. The average high temperature in Pella for the month of July is 86.5 degrees and the average low temperature for the month of January is 11.8 degrees. Alexandria averages 26.6 days with a temperature over 90 degrees and 42.9 days below 32 degrees. A historic low of -32.0 degrees occurred in 1912, and a historic high of 112 occurred in 1918. On average, Pella gets 33.5 inches of rain and 28.3 inches of snowfall per year. The following table compares these climate indicators with those of the entire planning area and the State of Iowa.

Table PEL. 2: Climate Data for the City of Pella Age Pella Marion County State of Iowa July High Temp 86.5° 87.6 ° 86.0 ° January Low Temp 11.8° 13.3 ° 14.0 ° Annual Rain Fall 33.5 inches 33.5 inches 34.7 inches Annual Snow Fall 28.3 inches 26.9 inches 32.4 inches Days over 90° 26.6 29.7 13.8 Days below 32° 42.9 44.3 62.9 Source: University of Iowa, High Plains Regional Climate Center, NCDC 2015

TRANSPORTATION Pella’s major transportation corridors include Highway 163, which enters Pella from the west, proceeds south east, and turn west along the southern edge of the city before exiting Pella. Highway 163 is the main east-west cooridor. County Highway T14 / Main St is the main north-south cooridor passing through the center of the city. Pella Municipal Airport is located in the extreme southwestern portion of the city. This information is relevant to hazard mitigation plans because it indicates possible evacuation corridors in the community, as well as areas more at risk to transportation incidents.

POPULATION The following figure displays the historical population trend from 1910 to 2010. This figure indicates that the population of Pella has experienced one decade of decline and nine decades of growth. This is reflected in housing development as well, which saw development during decades of growth. Over the past decade, the population has increased by 520 people, or by 5 percent. Population trends are notable for hazard mitigation because communities with increasing populations can experience difficulty maintaining quality infrastructure under a growing population.

PEL-176 The City of Pella Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Figure PEL. 2: Population 1910-2010 12,000 10,352 9,832 10,000 9,270 8,349 8,000 6,668

6,000 5,198 4,427 3,638 4,0003,021 3,338 3,326

2,000

- 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2010, Table DP-01; UNL Iowa Historical Population Report

The following table indicates the Pella has a similar age cohort distributions compared to the county and to the state. Ethnic diversity, the proportion of households with children, and the percentage of people that speak English less than very well are similar in Pella and the rest of the county and the state. These demographic variables are relevant to hazard mitigation insofar as the very young and elderly populations may be at greater risk from certain hazards than others. Likewise, additional social indicators may indicate vulnerability. For a more elaborate discussion of this vulnerability, please see Section Four: Risk Assessment.

Table PEL. 3: Population Makeup Age Pella Marion County State of Iowa <5 6.6% 6.4% 6.5% 5-64 77.6% 77.7% 78.5% >64 15.9% 15.9% 15.1% Median Age 31.6 38.6 38.1 % ethnic minority 4.4% 3.5% 8.5 % households with children 31.8% 32.8% 30.5% % that speak English less than very well 2.0% 1.1% 3.0% Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2009-2013 ACS 5 Years Estimates

ECONOMICS AND HOUSING The following tables indicate that Pella’s median household income is also similar to the county as a whole. Pella has a noticeably higher per capita income, and has a higher median home value and a slightly higher median rent value compared to the county. Pella has a similar percentage of employment compared to the county and the state. The percentage of people living in poverty is relatively similar to the county as a whole. Economic indicators are relevant to hazard mitigation because they indicate the relative economic strength of an area. Economic indicators may also influence a community’s level of resiliency during hazardous events.

Table PEL. 4: Housing and Income City of Pella Marion County State of Iowa Median Household Income $59,059 $54,723 $51,653 Per Capita Income $25,868 $25,477 $26,992 Median Home Value $164,500 $132,000 $124,300

The City of Pella Participant Section PEL-177 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

City of Pella Marion County State of Iowa Median Rent $748 $652 $670 % Employed 66.1% 64.8% 64.8% % of people living in poverty 7.7% 9.2% 12.4% % living alone 33.3% 26.0% 28.8% Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2013 American Community Surveys 5-year Estimates

The following figure indicates that the majority of the housing in Pella was built prior to 1980. This is notable considering that the State of Iowa did not adopt building codes until 1987. The International Building Code was not adopted until 2003. According to 2009-2013 ACS 5-year estimates, the community has 4,059 housing units; with 91.9 percent of those units occupied. There are approximately 41 mobile homes in the community and 1,203 percent of the community’s housing was built before 1960. Communities with a substantial number of mobile homes may have a higher number of residents vulnerable to the impacts of high winds, tornados, and severe winter storms.

Figure PEL. 3: Housing Units by Year Built 800 729 733 700 674

600 508 500 454 413 400 362

300

200 167

100 19 0 Built 1939 Built 1940 Built 1950 Built 1960 Built 1970 Built 1980 Built 1990 Built 2000 Built 2010 or earlier to 1949 to 1959 to 1969 to 1979 to 1989 to 1999 to 2009 or later

Source: Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2009-2013 American Community Surveys 5-year Estimates, Table DP04

Table PEL. 5: Housing Units Total Housing Units Occupied Housing Units

Jurisdiction Occupied Vacant Owner Renter Number Percent Number Percent Number Number

Pella 3,732 91.9% 327 8.1% 2,413 1,319

Marion County 13,924 91.1% 1,233 8.9% 9,622 3,609 Iowa 1,341,001 91.5% 114,454 8.5% 885,942 340,605 Source: Selected Housing Characteristics: 2009 - 2013 ACS 5-year estimates

PEL-178 The City of Pella Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Figure PEL. 4: Land Use Map

The City of Pella Participant Section PEL-179 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Figure PEL. 5: Pella (Central) Future Land Use

PEL-180 The City of Pella Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

PARCEL IMPROVEMENTS AND VALUATION The planning team requested parcel data from the Marion County Assessor. This data allowed the planning team to analyze the location, number, and value of property improvements at the parcel level. Improvements are defined as anything that make land more valuable, such as constructing a home. The data did not contain the number of structures on each parcel. A summary of the results of this analysis is provided in the following table.

Table PEL. 6: Parcel Improvements Total Parcels Number of Total Value of Value of Parcels in Structures Total Parcels in Parcels Floodplain in Structures floodplain Floodplain 4,218 61 $1,016,623,616 $11,583,300 11 4,911 Source: Iowa Department of Revenue, Property Assessment Division CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE/KEY RESOURCES Each participating jurisdiction identified critical facilities vital for disaster response, providing shelter to the public, and essential for returning the jurisdiction’s functions to normal during and after a disaster. Pella identified 31 critical facilities meeting this criterion. Critical facilities were identified during the original planning process and updated by the local planning team during as a part of the plan update. The following table and figure provide a summary of the critical facilities for the jurisdiction.

Table PEL. 7: List of Critical Facilities in the City of Pella Number Name In Floodplain? 1 City Hall No 2 Police Department No 3 Fire Department No 4 Ambulance No 5 Water Tower No 6 Water Tower No 7 Public Works No 8 City electric No 9 Water Distribution Plant No 10 Water Treatment Plant No 11 Wastewater Plant No 12 Library No 13 Community Center No 14 Airport No 15 Aquatic Center No 16 Lift Station No 17 Lift Station No 18 Lift Station No 19 Diesel Plant No 20 Substation No 21 Substation No 22 Substation No 23 Substation No

The City of Pella Participant Section PEL-181 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

24 Substation No 25 Well No 26 Well No 27 Pella Middle School No 28 Jefferson Intermediate No 29 Madison Elementary No 30 Lincoln Elementary No 31 Pella Christian HS No

PEL-182 The City of Pella Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Figure PEL. 6: Pella Critical Facilities

The City of Pella Participant Section PEL-183 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

CHEMICAL STORAGE FIXED SITES According to the Tier II System reports submitted to the Iowa Department of Environmental Quality, there are nine chemical storage site in Pella, and it does not house materials that are categorized as hazardous.

Table PEL. 8: Chemical Storage Fixed Sites Facility Address Hazardous Material Windstream IOWA Telecom- Pella 704 Liberty Street Sulfuric Acid Calcium Hypochlorite, Calcium Oxide, Carbon Dioxide, Chlorine, Ferric Sulfate City of Pella Water Works 1301 University Street Solution, Hydrochloric Acid, Hydrofluorosilic Acid, Sodium Bisulfite, Sodium Hypochlorite Solution, Sodium Triphosphate Aluminum Oxide, Argon, Precision Pulley & Idler, Inc. 300 SE 14th St Oxygen Acid Metal Prep/Cleaning Solutions, Antifreeze with Ethylene Glycol, Antifreeze with Propylene Glycol, Argon, Diesel Fuel, Gasoline, Nitrogen, Vermeer Cooperation 1210 Vermeer Road Oils, Oxygen, Paints, Propane, Propylene, Solvents, Calcium Chloride Hydrates, Sulfuric Acid-Batteries, Carbon Dioxide, Helium, Hydrochloric Acid Fuel Oil, Propane, Mineral Spirits, Sulfuric Acid, Titanium Dioxide, Lubricants, Cellulose, Water Based Paint, Bulk Kleen 969E, Bulk Bond 1047, Oil, Pella Corporation 102 Main Street Water Based Stain, Caustic Soda Liquid 50%, Sodium Bisulfite 38%, Naphtha, Lead, Bulk Bond 1407, Franklin Glue Advantage 405 Diesel Fuel, Gasoline, Propane, Two Rivers Cooperative 109 South Street Kerosene City of Pella, West Substation 1875 Washington Street Diesel Fuel LDJ Manufacturing 1833 Highway 163 Argon Precision Pulley & Idler, Inc. 2103 Washington Street Oxygen Source: Iowa Department of Environmental Quality

PEL-184 The City of Pella Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

HISTORIC SITES According to the National Register of Historic Places for Iowa, there are 17 historic units located in the City of Pella. One of these units is located within the 1% annual floodplain.

Table PEL. 9: National Historic Registry Date Site Name Address In Floodplain Listed Van Loon, Dirk, House 19771117 1401 University Ave. No Scholte, Dominic Henry P., House 19821210 739 Washington St. No Van Asch, William, House--Huibert Debooy 1105, 1107, & 1109 W. No Commercial Room 19871202 Washington St. Van Spanckeren, B. H. and J. H. H., Row No Houses 19900212 505 -- 507 Franklin St. Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Passenger No Depot--Pella 19910722 Jct. of Main and Oskaloosa Sts. Pella Opera House 19920320 611 Franklin St. No Wabash Railroad Bridge 19980515 216th Pl. over Des Moines R. No East Amsterdam School 20001201 1010 198th Place Yes Vander Wilt, Dirk and Cornelia J., Cottage 20010808 925 Broadway St. No Van Den Berg, Hendrik J. and Wilhelmina No H., Cottage 20030828 1305 W. Washington St. Porter--Rhynsburger House 20030828 514 Broadway St. No Koelman, Philipus J. and Cornelia, House 20051221 1005 Broadway No First Christian Church 20070329 824 Franklin St. No Van Maren, Henry and Johanna, House-- No Diamond Filling Station 20080710 615 Main St. Ten Hagen Cottage-Stegman Store 20080716 1110 W. Washington St. No Peoples Nationals Bank 20100421 717 Main St. No Tuttle, Thomas F. and Nancy, House 20150127 608 Lincoln St. No Source: Iowa State Historical Society

HISTORICAL OCCURRENCES The planning team used the NCDC Storm Event Database to determine the number of severe weather events in the community from January 1996 to April 2015. Tornado events have a period of record from January 1950 to April 2015. Due to the large number of events only those with reported impacts are listed in the following table. Hazard events which are only reported at the county zonal level, such as Blizzard, Heavy Snow, etc., are in a following table, however, the exact amount of damage in Pella for these events is unknown. The table below also contains information on each severe weather event with reported damages in Pella, including date, deaths, injuries, and property damages. The events may have caused crop damage as well. For a detailed description of each of these hazards, please see Section Four: Risk Assessment.

The City of Pella Participant Section PEL-185 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Table PEL. 10: NCDC Severe Weather Events Month, Year Day Hazard Deaths Injuries Property Damage ($) Local Damage Reported September, 2007 30 Tornado 0 0 75,000 August, 1993 14 Thunderstorm Wind 0 0 50,000 June, 2011 10 Flash Flood 0 0 50,000 July, 2011 11 Thunderstorm Wind 0 0 50,000 June, 2014 30 Thunderstorm Wind 0 0 50,000 June, 2011 26 Thunderstorm Wind 0 0 30,000 May, 1996 24 Hail 0 0 25,000 June, 1998 29 Thunderstorm Wind 0 0 25,000 May, 2004 22 Thunderstorm Wind 0 0 25,000 June, 2011 26 Thunderstorm Wind 0 0 25,000 June, 1998 29 Thunderstorm Wind 0 0 10,000 September, 2000 14 Thunderstorm Wind 0 0 10,000 September, 2000 14 Thunderstorm Wind 0 0 10,000 May, 2003 10 Hail 0 0 10,000 August, 2004 3 Lightning 0 0 10,000 June, 2008 8 Flash Flood 0 0 10,000 May, 2011 29 Thunderstorm Wind 0 0 10,000 June, 1998 18 Thunderstorm Wind 0 0 5,000 September 2006 17 Thunderstorm Wind 0 0 5,000 May, 2005 25 Thunderstorm Wind 0 0 5,000 April, 2010 5 Hail 0 0 5,000 April, 2010 5 Hail 0 0 5,000 May, 2011 29 Thunderstorm Wind 0 0 5,000 May, 1996 24 Hail 0 0 3,000 June, 1997 2 Hail 0 0 2,000 June, 2008 5 Thunderstorm Wind 0 0 2,000 June, 2010 22 Thunderstorm Wind 0 0 2,000 June, 2012 29 Thunderstorm Wind 0 0 2,000 June, 1999 4 Thunderstorm Wind 0 0 1,000 April, 1999 8 Hail 0 0 1,000 June, 2001 12 Hail 0 0 1,000 June, 2005 4 Thunderstorm Wind 0 0 1,000 July, 2006 2 Hail 0 0 1,000 June, 2008 5 Thunderstorm Wind 0 0 1,000 April, 2010 5 Hail 0 0 1,000 April, 2010 6 Hail 0 0 1,000 April, 2010 5 Hail 0 0 1,000 Totals 0 0 $525,000 Source: January 1996 to April 2015 NOAA NCDC

PEL-186 The City of Pella Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

RISK ASSESSMENT Hazard Identification The following table is a localized risk assessment of hazards identified specifically for Pella. Hazards in bold are those that the planning team identified as posing the greatest risk. The following table also indicates if the hazard has occurred previously, historical local losses, and specific concerns identified for this hazard. A description of why this hazard is a concern, what the city is currently doing to address this hazard, and what mitigation projects they propose are included in this section. If available, a map indicating the location of mitigation projects can be found at the end of this participant section.

Table PEL. 11: Pella's Risk Assessment PREVIOUS SPECIFIC CONCERNS HAZARD TYPE OCCURRENCE LOCAL LOSSES IDENTIFIED Yes/No

Animal/Crop/Plant Disease Yes Economic losses No Dam Failure No None No Threat to drinking water Drought Yes Economic losses supply, threat to firefighting supply Earthquake No None No Expansive Soils No None No Extreme Heat Yes Economic losses Wasting of plants Minor flooding related Flash Flooding Yes Yes damages Grass and Wildland Fires No None No Past damage to roofs, Damage to structures Hailstorm Yes structures and vehicles Hazardous Materials No None Yes Human Disease Yes Limited No Infrastructure Failure No None No Landslide No None No Levee Failure No None No Impassible roadways, None reported by Severe Winter Storms Yes freezing temperatures, NCDC car accidents Sinkholes No None No Flooding, downed tree Thunderstorms and Lightning Yes No limbs Tornadoes Yes $75,000 in damages Yes Transportation Incidents Yes Vehicle damages Minor accidents None reported by Downed tree limbs, Windstorms Yes NCDC flying debris *Identified by the planning team as a top concern for the jurisdiction

For more information regarding area wide hazards, please see Section Four: Risk Assessment. The following provides community specific information, reported in Pella’s Risk Assessment Summary, that is relevant to the hazards which the community identified as top concerns.

The City of Pella Participant Section PEL-187 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS While the community of Pella has not had a previous chemical spill event, there are nine facilities listed by the Iowa Department of Environmental Quality, which contain hazardous materials.

To mitigate this hazard, the city plans to remove below ground storage tanks, and enhance all first responder training.

SEVERE WINTER STORMS Per the NCDC database, in recent years, Marion County has experienced frequent winter storms, featuring heavy snowfall, ice, or blizzard-criteria conditions. To mitigate this hazard, the city plans to continue burying utility lines, limiting the vulnerability to prolonged power outages.

THUNDERSTORMS AND LIGHTNING Per the NCDC database, frequent storms with severe-criteria wind (58 mph or greater) or severe-criteria hail (one-inch diameter or greater) have been officially recorded as impacting Pella since 2000. Of particular note, on June 20, 2015, golf ball-sized hail caused $10,000 worth of property damage in Pella. On July 11, 2011, a thunderstorm generating 86 mph straight-line winds blew a roof off a building and caused $50,000 in property damage in the city. On June 26, 2011, storms producing winds up to 77 mph caused $55,000 in property damage.

To mitigate this hazard, the city plans to bury utility lines, and install impervious manhole covers.

TRANSPORTATION INCIDENTS To mitigate this hazard, the city plans create road bypass projects and install impervious manhole covers.

TORNADOES Marion County has a history of damaging tornadoes. Per the NCDC database, on September 30, 2007, a half-mile wide EF-1 tornado caused damage in Pella, leading to $75,000 in property losses.

To mitigate this hazard, the city plans to enhance existing storm spotter trainings.

GOVERNANCE A community’s governance structure impacts its ability to implement hazard mitigation actions. Pella is governed by a Mayor and a six-member council. Pella also has a City Administrator, City Clerk, Finance Director, City Attorney, Police Chief, Fire Chief, and a Public Works Director.

PEL-188 The City of Pella Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

CAPABILITY ASSESSMENT The planning team developed a capability assessment to better understand the community’s ability to implement hazard mitigation projects. The capability assessment consisted of two main components: A Capability Assessment Survey completed by the jurisdiction and a review of local existing policies, regulations, plans, and the programs. The survey is used to gather information regarding the jurisdiction’s planning and regulatory capability; administrative and technical capability; fiscal capability; and educational and outreach capability.

Table PEL. 12: Capability Assessment

Survey Components/Subcomponents Existing (Yes/No)

Comprehensive Plan Yes Capital Improvements Plan Yes Hazard Mitigation Plan Yes Economic Development Plan No Local Emergency Operations Plan Yes Debris Management Plan No Planning Local Recovery Plan No Capability Natural Resources Protection Plan No Transportation Plan No Watershed Plan No Open Space Preservation Plan No Floodplain Management Plan Yes Storm Water Management Plan No Storm Water Ordinance No Tree Trimming Ordinance No Zoning Ordinance Yes Subdivision Regulation/Ordinance Yes Policies / Site Plan Review Requirements No Ordinances Historic Preservation Ordinance No Floodplain Ordinance Yes Building Codes Yes National Flood Insurance Program Yes Community Rating System No Planning Commission Yes Hazard Mitigation Planning Commission Yes Floodplain Administration Yes Emergency Manager Yes GIS/Mapping Coordinator No Chief Building Official/Inspector No Staffing Engineer No Grant Manager No Public Works Official No Sanitation Department Yes Housing Program Staff No Historic Preservation Staff No Flood Insurance Rate Maps Yes Flood Insurance Study No

The City of Pella Participant Section PEL-189 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Survey Components/Subcomponents Existing (Yes/No)

Critical Facilities Inventory Yes Studies and Land Use Map No Maps Evacuation Route Map No Capital Improvement Project Funding No Community Development Block Grant No Authority to Levy Taxes for Specific Purposes No Fiscal Gas/Electric Service Fees No Capability Storm Water Service Fees No Water/Sewer Service Fees No Development Impact Fees No General Obligation Revenue or Special Tax Bonds No Local citizen groups or non-profit organizations focused on environmental protection, emergency preparedness, access No and functional needs populations, etc. Please list. Ongoing public education or information program (e.g., Education responsible water use, fire safety, household preparedness, No and environmental education) Outreach Natural Disaster or Safety related school programs No Programs StormReady Certification County-level Firewise Communities Certification No Public-private partnership initiatives addressing disaster- No related issues Mutual Aid Agreements No

The City of Pella has worked to integrate mitigation principles in a variety of planning mechanisms. The Pella Comprehensive Plan (2014) encourages growth of the community away from known hazardous areas. Pella also has its own Emergency Operations Plan (2008) which takes a cursory look at preparedness to natural hazards. Since the last update of the Emergency Operations Plan, many department heads have changed, and thus: relatively few people have an understanding of the Emergency Operations Plan, the city plans to update new employees. Pella has a Zoning Ordinance which discourages development in the floodplain. While the plan does not require that floodplain area remain as open space, building in the floodplain must meet flood proofing requirements.

The city works very hard to keep their local building codes updated to the standards of International Building Codes. These building codes specify that new construction in flood zones must meet basic flood proofing requirements, as well as wind-loads of 90 mph.

PEL-190 The City of Pella Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Pella maintains a Capital Improvements Program which helps the city purchase equipment or resources the community needs. While the program does not presently show plans to include mitigation principals, Pella intends to use the program for storm water drainage projects over the course of the next five years.

As an NFIP community, Pella has both a floodplain regulation as well as a floodplain ordinance, which were updated in 2007. These documents meet both states and federal requirements.

Pella is currently developing an economic development plan, the plan will promote economic growth away from hazard-prone areas, which coincides with goals and objectives outlined in this plan update. Finally, Pella also maintains subdivision regulations which went through a major update process in 2003. These regulations provide recommendations for housing to conserve environmental resources.

Pella is also included in Marion County’s Comprehensive Plan, which will include the goals and objectives included in this plan update to any future updates of the Comprehensive Plan.

The City of Pella Participant Section PEL-191 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Figure PEL. 7: Pella (North) Future Land Use

PEL-192 The City of Pella Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Figure PEL. 8: Pella (West) Future Land Use

The City of Pella Participant Section PEL-193 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Figure PEL. 9: Pella (East) Future Land Use

PEL-194 The City of Pella Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

MITIGATION ACTIONS

COMPLETED MITIGATION ACTIONS

Public Information Officer Analysis Hire or designate public information officer Goal/Objective Goal 3, Objective 3.1 Hazard(s) Addressed All Hazards Estimated Cost $5,000 Potential Funding City funds Timeline N/A Priority N/A Lead Agency City of Pella Status Completed. City administrator was selected for this role.

Backup Wells Analysis Construct backup wells for water systems Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.2 Hazard(s) Addressed Flooding Estimated Cost $1,000,000 Potential Funding SRF funding Timeline N/A Priority N/A Lead Agency City of Pella Status Completed. Will be online in one year.

NEW/ONGOING MITIGATION ACTIONS

Storm Spotter Training Analysis Conduct annual storm spotter training Goal/Objective Goal 4, Objective 4.1 Hazard(s) Addressed Thunderstorms and Lightning, Tornadoes, Windstorms Estimated Cost $250/year Potential Funding City and county funds Timeline 1 year Priority Medium Lead Agency City of Pella and Marion County Emergency Management Status In progress

The City of Pella Participant Section PEL-195 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Bury Utility Lines Analysis Bury utility lines in existing and new development Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.1 Hazard(s) Addressed Severe Winter Storms, Thunderstorms and Lightning, Tornadoes, Windstorms Estimated Cost $1,000,000 Potential Funding City funds Timeline 2-5 years Priority Medium Lead Agency Electric Department Status In progress

Study Illegal Sump Pumps Analysis Conduct study on possible illegal use of sump pumps Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.3 Hazard(s) Addressed Flooding Estimated Cost $10,000 Potential Funding City funds Timeline 2-5 years Priority Medium Lead Agency Public Works Department Status In progress

Safe Rooms Analysis Construct community safe rooms Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.1 Hazard(s) Addressed Thunderstorms and Lightning, Tornadoes, Windstorms Estimated Cost $200-$250 per square foot Potential Funding City funds Timeline 2-5 years Priority Medium Lead Agency Police/Fire, Planning and Zoning Departments Status In progress

Storm Water Drainage Analysis Construct storm water drainage (underground, culverts, curb and gutter, basis, buffer strips, et cetera) Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.1 Hazard(s) Addressed Flooding Estimated Cost $50,000 per mile Potential Funding City funds Timeline 2-5 years Priority Medium Lead Agency Public Works Status In progress

PEL-196 The City of Pella Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Security at Critical Facilities Analysis Develop and maintain security at the municipal waste water and water treatment plants (through surveillance cameras and lighting) Goal/Objective Goal 3, Objective 3.1 Hazard(s) Addressed Terrorism Estimated Cost $10,000 Potential Funding City funds Timeline 2-5 years Priority Medium Lead Agency Police Department Status Not yet started

Multi-Family Fire Extinguishers Analysis Enforce multi-family fire extinguisher laws Goal/Objective Goal 4, Objective 4.1 Hazard(s) Addressed Urban Fires Benefits Ensures compliance with laws designed to mitigate risks from home fires Estimated Cost $10,000 Potential Funding City funds Timeline 2-5 years Priority Medium Lead Agency Fire Department Status Not yet started

Backflow Devices Analysis Install backflow devices Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.1 Hazard(s) Addressed Flooding Estimated Cost $250-$500 each Potential Funding City funds Timeline 2-5 years Priority Medium Lead Agency Public Works Status In progress

Computers and GPS Units in Emergency Vehicles Analysis Install computers and GPS units in emergency vehicles Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.1 Hazard(s) Addressed All Estimated Cost $5,000 Potential Funding City funds Timeline 2-5 years Priority Medium Lead Agency Pella Fire Department, Pella Police, Pella EMS, Pella Public Works Status In progress

The City of Pella Participant Section PEL-197 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Impervious Manhole Covers Analysis Install impervious manhole covers Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.1 Hazard(s) Addressed Flooding Estimated Cost $25,000 Potential Funding City funds Timeline 2-5 years Priority Medium Lead Agency Public Works Status In progress

Safe Room Retrofits Analysis Install safe room retrofits into critical assets/facilities Goal/Objective Goal 1, Objective 1.1 Hazard(s) Addressed Thunderstorms and Lightning, Tornadoes, Windstorms Estimated Cost $500,000 Potential Funding City funds Timeline 2-5 years Priority Medium Lead Agency Planning and Zoning Status In progress

New Trucks and Ambulances Analysis Purchase new trucks and ambulances Goal/Objective Goal 4, Objective 4.1 Hazard(s) Addressed All Estimated Cost $300,000 Potential Funding City funds Timeline 2-5 years Priority Medium Lead Agency Fire Department Status In progress

Upgrade Mobile Communications Analysis Purchase 16 new P-25 mobile digital radio units Goal/Objective Goal 4, Objective 4.1 Hazard(s) Addressed All Hazards Estimated Cost $50,000 Potential Funding City funds Timeline 2-5 years Priority Medium Lead Agency Police Department Status In progress

PEL-198 The City of Pella Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

SCBA Gear Analysis Purchase additional SCBA gear Goal/Objective Goal 4, Objective 4.2 Hazard(s) Addressed Urban Fire, Wildfire Estimated Cost $5,000 each Potential Funding City funds Timeline 2-5 years Priority Medium Lead Agency Fire Department Status In progress

Remove Fuel Storage Tanks Analysis Remove underground fuel storage tanks Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.1 Hazard(s) Addressed Hazardous Materials Estimated Cost $10,000 Potential Funding City funds Timeline 2-5 years Priority Medium Lead Agency Public Works Status In progress

Water and Sewer Line Maintenance Analysis Replace, expand, or improve water and sewer lines Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.1 Hazard(s) Addressed Flooding Estimated Cost $1,000,000 Potential Funding City funds Timeline 5+ years Priority Medium Lead Agency Public Works Status In progress. Completing at the rate of a half-mile of water mains per year

Road Bypass Projects Analysis Construct an I-80 connector Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.1 Hazard(s) Addressed Transportation Incidents Estimated Cost Varies Potential Funding City funds Timeline 5+ years Priority Low Lead Agency Public Works Status Not yet started. Unlikely to occur at this time.

The City of Pella Participant Section PEL-199 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

First Responder Training Analysis Train EMTs, firefighters, and disaster responders Goal/Objective Goal 4, Objective 4.1 Hazard(s) Addressed Urban Fire, Wildfire Estimated Cost $10,000 per year Potential Funding City funds Timeline 5+ years Priority Medium Lead Agency Fire Department, Police Department Status In progress

Stream Modifications Analysis Modifications to some stream channels Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.1 Hazard(s) Addressed Flooding Benefits Mitigates the risk of riverine flooding Estimated Cost $100,000 Potential Funding City funds Timeline 2-5 years Priority Medium Lead Agency Pella City Council, Mayor Status In progress

REMOVED MITIGATION PROJECTS

No projects have been removed since the last project update in 2012.

PEL-200 The City of Pella Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

The City of Pella Participant Section PEL-201 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

PARTICIPANT SECTION FOR THE

CITY OF PLEASANTVILLE

Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

PLE-202 The City of Pleasantville Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

OVERVIEW The City of Pleasantville participated in this hazard mitigation plan in order to reduce the risk to human life and property from hazards. Their participation was extensive: a representative from Pleasantville attended every public meeting; met with members from the planning team; completed all hazard identification and project identification worksheets; engaged the general public in the planning process; and, assisted in plan development coordination and data analysis.

For Pleasantville, the top concerns that were identified through this planning process include flash flooding, infrastructure failure, thunderstorms and lightning, tornadoes, and transportation incidents. The highest priority projects identified to address these issues include studying illegal uses of sump pumps in the city, constructing storm water drainage infrastructure, creating a jurisdictional continuity of operations and succession plan, and modernizing and hardening mobile and personal communications for first responders.

The following people were heavily involved in the development of Pleasantville’s Participant Section:

Table PLE. 1: City of Pleasantville Plan Contributors Name Title Department / Organization Jeff Anderson Director Marion County Emergency Management Agency Joe Mrstik City Administrator/Chief of Police City of Pleasantville Shawn Breazeale Public Works Director City of Pleasantville Bill Moore Mayor City of Pleasantville John Francy City Councilmember City of Pleasantville Jeff Henson Senior Planner, Project Manager JEO Consulting Group, Inc. John Brennan Planner, Project Coordinator JEO Consulting Group, Inc.

This section contains important information about the City of Pleasantville relevant to hazard mitigation, including the following elements:

The City of Pleasantville Participant Section PLE-203 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

LOCATION AND GEOGRAPHY The City of Pleasantville is located in the north western portion of Marion County and covers an area of 2.54 square miles. Major waterways within the area include Coal Creek, which is located approximatley 1000 ft southwest of the community. Lake Red Rock is located approximately 3 miles northeast of Pleasntville. There are two small lakes located in the western portion of the community. The area is not heavily forested, nor is it located in a geographic area of the state prone to landslides. Most of Pleasantville lies in the plains topographic region, and is surrounded by agricultural fields.

Figure PLE. 1: City of Pleasantville

PLE-204 The City of Pleasantville Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

CLIMATE Pleasantville’s climate is classified as humid continental, which is marked by variable weather patterns and a large seasonal temperature variance. The average high temperature in Pleasantville for the month of July is 87.6 degrees and the average low temperature for the month of January is 13.3 degrees. Alexandria averages 29.7 days with a temperature over 90 degrees and 44.3 days below 32 degrees. A historic low of -30.0 degrees occurred in 1912, and a historic high of 114 occurred in 1934. On average, Pleasantville gets 33.6 inches of rain and 26.9 inches of snowfall per year. The following table compares these climate indicators with those of the entire planning area and the State of Iowa.

Table PLE. 2: Climate Data for the City of Pleasantville Age Pleasantville Marion County State of Iowa July High Temp 87.6° 87.6 ° 86.0 ° January Low Temp 13.3° 13.3 ° 14.0 ° Annual Rain Fall 33.6 inches 33.58 inches 34.71 inches Annual Snow Fall 26.9 inches 26.9 inches 32.4 inches Days over 90° 29.7 29.7 13.8 Days below 32° 44.3 44.3 62.9 Source: University of Iowa, High Plains Regional Climate Center, NCDC 2015

TRANSPORTATION Pleasantville’s major transportation corridors include State Highway 5, which runs north-south through the western portion of the city. The maiin east-west coordior is County Highway G40, which runs through the center of the city. County Highway 5 is also another important north-south coordior, running along the west of most of the development in Pleasntville. The BNSF line runs along the northeastern portion of the city. This information is relevant to hazard mitigation plans because it indicates possible evacuation corridors in the community, as well as areas more at risk to transportation incidents.

POPULATION The following figure displays the historical population trend from 1910 to 2010. This figure indicates that the population of Pleasantville has experienced three very minor decades of decline and six decades of growth. This is reflected in housing development as well, which saw development during decades of growth. Over the past decade, the population has increased by 155 people, or by 9%. Population trends are notable for hazard mitigation because communities with declining population may have a higher level of unoccupied housing that is not being up kept. Declining populations can also represent decreasing tax revenue for the community which could make implementation of mitigation actions more fiscally challenging.

The City of Pleasantville Participant Section PLE-205 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Figure PLE. 2: Population 1910-2010 1,800 1,694 1,531 1,536 1,539 1,600 1,400 1,297

1,200 1,025 1,000 859 895 893 757 800 691 600 400 200 - 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2010, Table DP-01; UNL Iowa Historical Population Report

The following table indicates the Pleasantville has a slightly lower percentage of people under the age of 5 and between the ages of 5 and 64 than Marion County. Other population indicators are similar between the city and the county. Pleasantville does have a slightly higher proportion of people speak English less than very well compared to the county. These demographic variables are relevant to hazard mitigation insofar as the very young and elderly populations may be at greater risk from certain hazards than others. Likewise, additional social indicators may indicate vulnerability. For a more elaborate discussion of this vulnerability, please see Section Four: Risk Assessment.

Table PLE. 3: Population Makeup Age Pleasantville Marion County State of Iowa <5 5.7% 6.4% 6.5% 5-64 78.5% 77.7% 78.5% >64 15.9% 15.9% 15.1% Median Age 36.3 38.6 38.1 % ethnic minority 2.8% 3.5% 8.5 % households with children 38.5% 32.8% 30.5% % that speak English less than very well 3.0% 1.1% 3.0% Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2009-2013 ACS 5 Years Estimates

ECONOMICS AND HOUSING The following tables indicate that Pleasantville’s housing and income indicators are similar to that of the county’s, although the median home value is notably lower than the county’s. Pleasantville has a similar percentage of employment compared to the county and the state. The percentage of people living in poverty is relatively high, as is the percent of people living alone. Economic indicators are relevant to hazard mitigation because they indicate the relative economic strength of an area. Economic indicators may also influence a community’s level of resiliency during hazardous events.

Table PLE. 4: Housing Income City of Pleasantville Marion County State of Iowa Median Household Income $51,161 $54,723 $51,653 Per Capita Income $24,797 $25,477 $26,992 Median Home Value $104,200 $132,000 $124,300 Median Rent $581 $652 $670

PLE-206 The City of Pleasantville Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

City of Pleasantville Marion County State of Iowa % Employed 66.4% 64.8% 64.8% % of people living in poverty 10.2% 9.2% 12.4% % living alone 33.8% 26.0% 28.8% Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2013 American Community Surveys 5-year Estimates

The following figure indicates that the majority of the housing in Pleasantville was built prior to 1970. According to 2009-2013 ACS 5-year estimates, the community has 758 housing units; with 91.4 percent of those units occupied. There are approximately 56 mobile homes in the community and 36.8 percent of the community’s housing was built before 1960. Communities with a substantial number of mobile homes may have a higher number of residents vulnerable to the impacts of high winds, tornados, and severe winter storms.

Figure PLE. 3: Housing Units by Year Built 250

204 200

150 142

96 100 86 80 80

48 50 22 0 0 Built 1939 Built 1940 toBuilt 1950 toBuilt 1960 toBuilt 1970 toBuilt 1980 toBuilt 1990 toBuilt 2000 to Built 2010 or earlier 1949 1959 1969 1979 1989 1999 2009 or later

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2009-2013 American Community Surveys 5-year Estimates, Table DP04

Table PLE. 5: Housing Units Total Housing Units Occupied Housing Units

Jurisdiction Occupied Vacant Owner Renter Number Percent Number Percent Number Number

Pleasantville 693 91.4% 65 8.6% 515 178

Marion County 13,924 91.1% 1,233 8.9% 9,622 3,609 Iowa 1,341,001 91.5% 114,454 8.5% 885,942 340,605 Source: Selected Housing Characteristics: 2009 - 2013 ACS 5-year estimates

The City of Pleasantville Participant Section PLE-207 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Figure PLE. 4: Land Use Map

PLE-208 The City of Pleasantville Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

PARCEL IMPROVEMENTS AND VALUATION The planning team requested parcel data from the Marion County Assessor. This data allowed the planning team to analyze the location, number, and value of property improvements at the parcel level. Improvements are defined as anything that make land more valuable, such as constructing a home. The data did not contain the number of structures on each parcel. A summary of the results of this analysis is provided in the following table.

Table PLE. 6: Parcel Improvements Total Parcels Number of Parcels Total Value of Value of Parcels in Structures in Total in floodplain Parcels Floodplain Floodplain Structures 847 13 $77,903,831 $384,960 0 1,153 Source: Iowa Department of Revenue, Property Assessment Division CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE/KEY RESOURCES Each participating jurisdiction identified critical facilities vital for disaster response, providing shelter to the public, and essential for returning the jurisdiction’s functions to normal during and after a disaster. Pleasantville identified 25 critical facilities meeting these criteria. Critical facilities were identified during the original planning process and updated by the local planning team during as a part of the plan update. The following table and figure provide a summary of the critical facilities for the jurisdiction.

Table PLE. 7: List of Critical Facilities in the Village of Pleasantville Number Name In Floodplain? 1 Elementary School No 2 High School No 3 Police Station No 4 City Hall No 6 Peoples Bank No 7 Water Plant No 8 City Waste Water Plant No 9 City Park House No 10 Fire Station No 11 Chemical Plant No 12 Nursing Home No 13 Golf Course House No 14 Power Transformers No 15 Trailer Park No 17 Gas Station No 18 Water Tower No 19 Methodist Church No 20 Grocery Store No 21 Community Center No 22 Church No 23 Library No 24 Church No 25 Co-op No

The City of Pleasantville Participant Section PLE-209 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Figure PLE. 5: Pleasantville Critical Facilities

SWA-210 The City of Swan Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

CHEMICAL STORAGE FIXED SITES According to the Tier II System reports submitted to the Iowa Department of Environmental Quality, there is one chemical storage site in Pleasantville. Information regarding this facility is listed below.

Table PLE. 8: Chemical Storage Fixed Sites Facility Address Hazardous Material Neogen 1006 Business HWY 5 Permethrin, Piperonyl Butoxide Source: Iowa Department of Environmental Quality

HISTORIC SITES According to the National Register of Historic Places for Iowa, there are no historic units located in the City of Pleasantville. None of these units are located within the 1% annual risk floodplain.

HISTORICAL OCCURRENCES The planning team used the NCDC Storm Event Database to determine the number of severe weather events in the community from January 1996 to April 2015. Tornado events have a period of record from January 1950 to April 2015. Due to the large number of events only those with reported impacts are listed in the following table. Hazard events which are only reported at the county zonal level, such as Blizzard, Heavy Snow, etc., are in a following table, however, the exact amount of damage in Pleasantville for these events is unknown. The table below also contains information on each severe weather event with reported damages in Pleasantville, including date, deaths, injuries, and property damages. The events may have caused crop damage as well. For a detailed description of each of these hazards, please see Section Four: Risk Assessment.

Table PLE. 9: NCDC Severe Weather Events Year Month Day Hazard Deaths Injuries Property Damage ($) Local Damage Reported April, 2007 26 Flood 0 0 250,000 June, 1997 21 Thunderstorm Wind 0 0 150,000 June, 1998 29 Thunderstorm Wind 0 0 50,000 June, 2010 12 Flash Flood 0 0 50,000 September, 2013 19 Hail 0 0 25,000 September, 2013 19 Hail 0 0 25,000 August, 1995 8 Hail 0 0 15,000 August, 2004 3 Hail 0 0 15,000 June, 2010 18 Thunderstorm Wind 0 0 15,000 May, 2001 10 Thunderstorm Wind 0 0 10,000 July, 2001 3 Hail 0 0 10,000 June, 2010 12 Flash Flood 0 0 10,000 July, 2010 18 Thunderstorm Wind 0 0 10,000 May, 2001 10 Hail 0 0 5,000 August, 2005 31 Hail 0 0 5,000 March, 2006 8 Hail 0 0 5,000 June, 2007 22 Thunderstorm Wind 0 0 5,000 September, 2007 18 Thunderstorm Wind 0 0 5,000 June, 2014 30 Thunderstorm Wind 0 0 5,000

The City of Swan Participant Section SWA-211 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Year Month Day Hazard Deaths Injuries Property Damage ($) September, 2007 30 Hail 0 0 3,000 June, 2011 9 Hail 0 0 3,000 June, 2011 9 Hail 0 0 3,000 July, 2001 3 Hail 0 0 2,000 September, 2007 18 Thunderstorm Wind 0 0 2,000 June, 2008 8 Thunderstorm Wind 0 0 2,000 July, 2008 27 Hail 0 0 2,000 Totals 0 0 $682,000 Source: January 1996 to April 2015 NOAA NCDC

RISK ASSESSMENT Hazard Identification The following table is a localized risk assessment of hazards identified specifically for Pleasantville. Hazards marked with an asterisk are those that the planning team identified as posing the greatest risk. The following table also indicates if the hazard has occurred previously, historical local losses, and specific concerns identified for this hazard. A description of why this hazard is a concern, what the county is currently doing to address this hazard, and what mitigation projects they propose are included in this section. If available, a map indicating the location of mitigation projects can be found at the end of this participant section.

Table PLE. 10: City of Pleasantville's Risk Assessment PREVIOUS SPECIFIC CONCERNS HAZARD TYPE OCCURRENCE LOCAL LOSSES IDENTIFIED Yes/No

Animal/Crop/Plant Disease Yes Economic losses No Dam Failure No None No Drought Yes Economic losses No Earthquake No None No Expansive Soils No None No Extreme Heat Yes None No Flash Flooding* Yes None Yes Grass or Wildland Fires No None No Significant property Hailstorm Yes No damages Hazardous Materials No None No Human Disease No None No Infrastructure Failure* No None Yes Landslide No None No Levee Failure No None No Flooding of nursing Economic concerns, River Flooding Yes home, variety of property damages basements Severe Winter Storms No None No

SWA-212 The City of Swan Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Sinkholes No None No Significant property Thunderstorms and Lightning* Yes Yes damages Three tornados, approx. Yes Yes Tornadoes* $35,000 in damages Transportation Incidents* Yes None Yes Windstorms Yes None No *Identified by the planning team as a top concern for the jurisdiction

For more information regarding area wide hazards, please see Section Four: Risk Assessment. The following provides community specific information, reported in Pleasantville’s Risk Assessment Summary, that is relevant to the hazards which the community identified as top concerns.

FLASH FLOODING Marion County has a history of damaging floods, and Pleasantville is no exception. According to the local planning team, over 50 percent of houses have experienced flooded basements. Flooding has broken basement windows in town, and flooded a local nursing home. In addition, three years ago, a levee nearly failed. Per the NCDC database, flash flooding in town on June 12, 2010 caused $60,000 in property damage. Another episode of flooding in Pleasantville on April 26, 2007 caused $250,000 in property damage. Other events have been reported in recent years. Undersized sewer systems and illegal sump pumps are factors that have exacerbated local flooding.

The city is concerned about power outages, as the city’s experienced power outages over three days due to flooding. The city is also concerned about disruptions to businesses from flooding. Debris removal and cleanup has also been a big priority in recent flooding.

To address this hazard, the city plans to complete a sewer upgrade project that will cost $4.5 million. In addition, the water tower, fire department, and a nursing home have backup power generators. The city also intends to deepen drainage ditches and stabilize banks along waterways.

INFRASTRUCTURE FAILURE

To mitigate this hazard, the city plans to create a community evacuation plan.

THUNDERSTORMS AND LIGHTNING Per the NCDC database, in recent years, several storms with severe-criteria wind (58 mph or greater) have been officially recorded as impacting the Pleasantville area since 2000. No severe-criteria hailstorms (one- inch diameter or greater-sized hail) impacting Pella were recorded in the NCDC database. One storm of note, on September 19, 2013, a storm producing golf ball-sized hail caused $25,000 in property damage. On July 18, 2010, a storm producing 70 mph caused $10,000 in property damage in town. Going back further, on June 29, 1998, a storm that was part of a larger severe weather outbreak produced 75 mph winds in Pleasantville caused $50,000 in property damage.

To address this hazard, the city intends to install a backup generator to protect against prolonged power outages. Pleasantville also intends to remove hazardous trees to limit their impact from a thunderstorm event.

TORNADOES Marion County has a history of damaging tornadoes. Per the NCDC database, brief F-0 touchdowns were reported in Pleasantville on May 19, 1998, and May 8, 2002. In addition, an EF-1 tornado producing $35,000 in property damage tracked to within three miles of town on June 5, 2008.

The City of Swan Participant Section SWA-213 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

To address this hazard, the city’s bank has a weather radio, and Memorial Hall is used as a shelter. About 90 percent of residential units have adequate shelter for tornadoes, but the mobile home park has no shelter for its residents. The community also plans to demolish abandoned properties, which are known to be a source of airborne debris in tornado events.

TRANSPORTATION INCIDENTS The City of Pleasantville is concerned about the risk of transportation incidents, as State Route 5 runs south to northwest through town, and County Highway G-40 runs east to west through town. Main Street, which is a farm-to-market road, is not curbed and has no sidewalks, which poses safety concerns. Several fender- benders and bicycle accidents have occurred along this route. About 7,000 vehicles a day travel through town. In addition, hazardous chemicals, such as anhydrous ammonia, are transported through the city. Also, a railroad runs through the eastern part of town, near Hobson Street.

To address this hazard, the city has considered lowering the speed limit, building new infrastructure, which should increase traffic flow. In addition, there will be an evacuation plan in place for the city, in case of a chemical spill from a transportation source.

GOVERNANCE A community’s governance structure impacts its ability to implement hazard mitigation actions. Pleasantville is governed by a Mayor and a six member council. Pleasantville also has a City Administrator, City Clerk, City Attorney, Police Chief, Street Superintendent, and a Public Works Director.

Table PLE. 11: Capability Assessment

Survey Components/Subcomponents Existing (Yes/No)

Comprehensive Plan Yes Capital Improvements Plan Yes Hazard Mitigation Plan Yes Economic Development Plan Yes Local Emergency Operations Plan No Planning Debris Management Plan No Capability Local Recovery Plan No Natural Resources Protection Plan No Transportation Plan No Watershed Plan No Open Space Preservation Plan No Floodplain Management Plan No

SWA-214 The City of Swan Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Survey Components/Subcomponents Existing (Yes/No)

Storm Water Management Plan No Storm Water Ordinance No Tree Trimming Ordinance No Zoning Ordinance Yes Subdivision Regulation/Ordinance No

Site Plan Review Requirements No Policies / Historic Preservation Ordinance No Ordinances Floodplain Ordinance Yes Building Codes Yes National Flood Insurance Program Yes Community Rating System No Planning Commission Yes Hazard Mitigation Planning Commission Yes Floodplain Administrator Yes Emergency Manager No GIS/Mapping Coordinator No Chief Building Official/Inspector No Staffing Engineer No Grant Manager No Public Works Official Yes Sanitation Department No Housing Program Staff No Historic Preservation Staff No Flood Insurance Rate Maps No Flood Insurance Study No Critical Facilities Inventory No Studies and Land Use Map No Maps Evacuation Route Map No Capital Improvement Project Funding No Community Development Block Grant No Authority to Levy Taxes for Specific Purposes No Fiscal Gas/Electric Service Fees No Capability Storm Water Service Fees No Water/Sewer Service Fees No Development Impact Fees No General Obligation Revenue or Special Tax Bonds No Local citizen groups or non-profit organizations focused on environmental protection, emergency preparedness, access No and functional needs populations, etc. Please list. Ongoing public education or information program (e.g., Education responsible water use, fire safety, household preparedness, No and environmental education) Outreach Natural Disaster or Safety related school programs Yes Programs StormReady Certification No Firewise Communities Certification No Public-private partnership initiatives addressing disaster- No related issues Mutual Aid Agreements Yes

The City of Swan Participant Section SWA-215 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Pleasantville has a Comprehensive Plan, which was updated in 2008, the plan does not address hazards, or encourage development away from the floodplain. Currently there is no plan or timeline for the update of the Pleasantville Comprehensive Plan, when the city does update the plan they will work to incorporate the goals, objectives, and strategies include in the hazard mitigation plan. Also, Pleasantville is included within the Marion County Comprehensive Plan, Marion County does intend to include goals and objectives from this plan update in future updates of the Comprehensive Plan.

The community does have an Emergency Operations Plan, but it is long outdated. Pleasantville has a Zoning Ordinance, which was updated in 2013, this ordinance prohibits the development within or the filling in of known wetlands, floodways, and floodplains. The community also has an Economic Development Plan, updated in 2008, this plan does promote development away from known hazard prone areas.

SWA-216 The City of Swan Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Figure PLE. 6: Pleasantville Future Land Use

The City of Swan Participant Section SWA-217 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

MITIGATION ACTIONS

COMPLETED MITIGATION ACTIONS

Search and Rescue Team Analysis Develop search and rescue team Hazard(s) Addressed Dam Failure, Flooding, Infrastructure Failure, Severe Winter Storms, Thunderstorms and Lightning, Tornadoes, Windstorms Estimated Cost $10,000 Lead Agency City of Pleasantville Status Completed

Search and Rescue Volunteers Analysis Train a base of search and rescue volunteers to serve as standby personnel Hazard(s) Addressed Dam Failure, Flooding, Infrastructure Failure, Severe Winter Storms, Thunderstorms and Lightning, Tornadoes, Windstorms Estimated Cost $2,500 Lead Agency City of Pleasantville Status Completed

Extreme Heat Medical Response Team Analysis Develop and implement an extreme heat event medical response plan Hazard(s) Addressed Extreme Heat Lead Agency City of Pleasantville Status Completed

Ambulance Department Building Analysis Update or build new ambulance department building `Hazard(s) Addressed All Hazards Estimated Cost $2,000,000 Lead Agency City of Pleasantville Status Completed. Finished in 2005.

NEW/ONGOING MITIGATION ACTIONS

Warning Sirens Analysis Pleasantville will be seeking grant funding Goal/Objective Goal 4, Objective 4.3 Hazard(s) Addressed All Hazards Estimated Cost $25,000 Potential Funding Grant Funding, General Fund Timeline 1-2 years Priority High Lead Agency Police Department, City Hall, County Emergency Management Status New

SWA-218 The City of Swan Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Backup Generators Analysis Purchase and install backup power generators for municipal critical facilities Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.1 Hazard(s) Addressed Extreme Heat, Flash Flooding, Grass and Wildland Fires, Infrastructure Failure, Levee Failure, River Flooding, Severe Winter Storms, Thunderstorms and Lightning, Transportation Incidents, Windstorms Estimated Cost $3,500+, depending on site requirements Potential Funding City funds Timeline 2-5 years Priority Medium Lead Agency Public Works Status In progress

Upgraded Mobile and Personal Communications Analysis Purchase new, modernize, and/or harden existing mobile and personal communication equipment for EMS and the city fire department Goal/Objective Goal 4, Objective 4.1 Hazard(s) Addressed All Estimated Cost $10,000,000 Potential Funding City funds Timeline 2-5 years Priority High Lead Agency Police Department Status Not yet started. This emerged as a priority following the response to a shooting last year.

Emergency Operations Plan Analysis Adopt a thorough emergency operations plan addressing multiple hazards and mass casualties Goal/Objective Goal 4, Objective 4.1 Hazard(s) Addressed All Estimated Cost $2,500 Potential Funding City funds Timeline 2-5 years Priority High Lead Agency Police Department, Marion County Emergency Management Status Ongoing

The City of Swan Participant Section SWA-219 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Jurisdictional Plans Analysis Assure jurisdictional plans are in place and current Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.2 Hazard(s) Addressed All Estimated Cost $10,000 Potential Funding City funds Timeline 2-5 years Priority Medium Lead Agency Pleasantville City Council Status In progress

Community Drills Analysis Conduct community drills to prepare for the possibility of a chemical spill; include schools as participants Goal/Objective Goal 4, Objective 4.1 Hazard(s) Addressed Chemical Spills Estimated Cost $5,000 Potential Funding City funds Timeline 2-5 years Priority Medium Lead Agency City of Pleasantville, Police Department, Fire Department Status In progress

Safe Rooms Analysis Construct community safe rooms Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.1 Hazard(s) Addressed Thunderstorms and Lightning, Tornadoes, Windstorms Estimated Cost $250,000 Potential Funding City funds Timeline 2-5 years Priority Medium Lead Agency Pleasantville City Council, Marion County Emergency Management Status In progress

Storm Water Drainage Analysis Construct storm water drainage infrastructure (underground, culverts, curb and gutter, basis, buffer strips, et cetera) Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.1 Hazard(s) Addressed Flooding Estimated Cost $100,000 Potential Funding City funds Timeline 2-5 years Priority High Lead Agency Public Works Status In progress

SWA-220 The City of Swan Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Continuity of Operations and Succession Planning Analysis Create a continuity of operations and succession plan Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.2 Hazard(s) Addressed All Estimated Cost $1,000 Potential Funding City funds Timeline 2-5 years Priority High Lead Agency City Council Status In progress

Abandoned Properties Analysis Develop/demolish abandoned properties Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.1 Hazard(s) Addressed Terrorism, Civil Disorder Estimated Cost $15,000 Potential Funding City funds Timeline 2-5 years Priority Medium Lead Agency City Council Status In progress

Study Illegal Sump Pumps Analysis Conduct study on possible illegal use of sump pumps; consider installing backflow presenters Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.3 Hazard(s) Addressed Flooding Estimated Cost $10,000 Potential Funding City funds Timeline 2-5 years Priority High Lead Agency Public Works Status Not yet started.

The City of Swan Participant Section SWA-221 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Power Failure Recovery Plan Analysis Develop and implement recovery plan for power failure Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.2 Hazard(s) Addressed Flooding, Infrastructure Failure, Severe Winter Storms, Thunderstorms and Lightning, Tornadoes, Windstorms Estimated Cost $5,000 Potential Funding City funds Timeline 2-5 years Priority Medium Lead Agency Public Works Status Not yet started

Security at Critical Facilities Analysis Develop and maintain security at critical facilities (four-lane road and path lighting at park) Goal/Objective Goal 4, Objective 4.3 Hazard(s) Addressed Transportation Incidents Benefits Provides lighting and make road improvements to enhance safety Estimated Cost $20,000 Potential Funding City funds Timeline 2-5 years Priority Medium Lead Agency Police Department Status In progress

Community Evacuation Plan Analysis Develop, update, and publicize community evacuation plan Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.2 Hazard(s) Addressed Chemical Spills, Dam Failure, Flash Flooding, Grass and Wildland Fires, Levee Failure, Radiological Incidents, River Flooding, Transportation Incidents Estimated Cost $5,000 Potential Funding City funds Timeline 2-5 years Priority Medium Lead Agency Fire Department, Police Department Status In progress

SWA-222 The City of Swan Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Policy, Procedure, and Codes Analysis Full review of policy, procedure, and codes Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.3 Hazard(s) Addressed All Estimated Cost $2,500 Potential Funding City funds Timeline 2-5 years Priority Medium Lead Agency City Attorney Status In progress

Improve Public Awareness Analysis Conduct community outreach to promote awareness of hazards by handing out printed materials, and through social media, including Facebook Goal/Objective Goal 3, Objective 3.1 Hazard(s) Addressed All Estimated Cost $1,000 Potential Funding City funds Timeline 2-5 years Priority Medium Lead Agency City Council Status In progress

NOAA All-Hazards Radio Rebate Initiative Analysis Encourage citizens to obtain NOAA All-Hazards Radios by offering rebates as an incentive Goal/Objective Goal 4, Objective 4.3 Hazard(s) Addressed Chemical Spills, Dam Failure, Extreme Heat, Flash Flooding, Grass and Wildland Fires, Infrastructure Failures, Levee Failure, Radiological Incidents, River Flooding, Severe Winter Storms, Thunderstorms and Lightning, Tornadoes, Windstorms Estimated Cost $50,000 Potential Funding City and county funds Timeline 1 year Priority Medium Lead Agency Marion County Emergency Management Status In progress

The City of Swan Participant Section SWA-223 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Redundant Critical Utilities Analysis Engineer redundant systems and looping for sewer, water, electric, and gas Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.2 Hazard(s) Addressed Infrastructure Failure Estimated Cost $1,000,000 Potential Funding City funds Timeline 2-5 years Priority Medium Lead Agency Public Works Status In progress. Process is complete for water and sewer utilities; incomplete for electric and gas utilities.

Emergency Management Exercise Analysis Develop and facilitate an exercise to identify gaps in planning and to ensure that community response plans are sufficient to meet the needs of the jurisdiction. Goal/Objective Goal 4, Objective 4.2 Hazard(s) Addressed All hazards Estimated Cost $2,000 Potential Funding City Funding Timeline 4 years Priority Medium Lead Agency Marion County Emergency Management, Police Department, Status New

Bank Stabilization Analysis Stabilize banks along streams and rivers. This may include, but is not limited to: reducing bank slope, addition of riprap, installation of erosion control materials/fabrics. Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.1 Hazard(s) Addressed Flooding Estimated Cost $3,000 Potential Funding City Funding Timeline 5+ years Priority Low Lead Agency Public Works Status New

SWA-224 The City of Swan Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Drainage Ditches Analysis Deepen drainage ditches and clean out culverts. Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.1 Hazard(s) Addressed Flooding Estimated Cost $20,000 Potential Funding City Funding Timeline 4 years Priority High Lead Agency Public Works Status New

Filtration Facility Upgrade Analysis Add a retention pond to the filtration facility. Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.1 Hazard(s) Addressed All Hazards Estimated Cost $10,000 Potential Funding City Funding Timeline 5+ years Priority Medium Lead Agency Public Works Status New

Grade Control Structures Analysis Stream bed degradation occurs along many river and creeks. Grade control structures including sheet-pile weirs, rock weirs, ponds, road dams, etc. can be implemented to maintain the channel bed. Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.1 Hazard(s) Addressed Flooding Estimated Cost $10,000 Potential Funding City of Pleasantville Timeline 5+ years Priority Medium Lead Agency Public Works Status New

Improve Drainage Analysis Improve storm sewers and drainage patterns in and around the community. Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.1 Hazard(s) Addressed Flooding Estimated Cost $50,000 Potential Funding City of Pleasantville Timeline 2 years Priority High Lead Agency Public Works Status New

The City of Swan Participant Section SWA-225 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Storm Water Stream and Drainage Improvements Analysis Drainage improvements may include ditch upsizing, ditch cleanout and culvert improvements. Retention and detention facilities may also be implemented to decrease runoff rates while also decreasing the need for other storm water system improvements. Bridges typically serve as flow restrictions along streams and rivers. Cleanout and reshaping of channel segments at bridge crossings can increase conveyance, reducing the potential for flooding. Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.1 Hazard(s) Addressed Flooding Estimated Cost $50,000 Potential Funding City Funds Timeline 2 years Priority High Lead Agency Public Works and Engineering Firm Status New

Transportation Drainage Improvements Analysis Make improvements to roadways and drainage ways to prevent damage to key transportation routes. Utilize geosynthetic products for repair and mitigation of damage. Consider covering of road washouts, culvert sizing headwalls, steep banks, slides, in-road springs, roadway edge armoring, low water crossings, pothole grading, weak foundations, gravel road maintenance, ditch linings, on steep grades, erosion protection, etc. Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.1 Hazard(s) Addressed Flooding Estimated Cost $10,000 Potential Funding City Funds Timeline 4 years Priority Medium Lead Agency Public Works and Engineering Firm Status New

Emergency Shelter Analysis Establish a community safe room or safe areas for residents living in vulnerable structures/locations. Goal/Objective Goal 4, Objective 4.1 Hazard(s) Addressed All Hazards Estimated Cost $100,000 Potential Funding City/School Timeline 5+ years Priority Medium Lead Agency City of Pleasantville, Marion County Emergency Management Status $100,000

SWA-226 The City of Swan Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Hazardous Tree Removal Analysis Identify and remove hazardous limbs and/or trees/ Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.1 Hazard(s) Addressed High Winds, Severe Winter Storms, Severe Thunderstorms, Tornados Estimated Cost $5,000 Potential Funding City of Pleasantville Timeline 2 years Priority Medium Lead Agency Public Works Status $5,000

Tree Planting Analysis Develop city tree planting and maintenance guidelines. Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.1 Hazard(s) Addressed All Hazards Estimated Cost $2,000 Potential Funding Grant funding Timeline 1 year Priority Medium Lead Agency Public Works Status New

Safe Rooms Analysis Design and construct storm shelters and safe rooms in highly vulnerable areas such as mobile home parks, campgrounds, schools and other areas. Goal/Objective Goal 1, Objective 1.1 Hazard(s) Addressed Tornados, High Winds Estimated Cost $100,000 Potential Funding City of Pleasantville, Pleasantville CSD Timeline 5+ years Priority Medium Lead Agency City Council Status New

Storm Shelter Analysis Implement a tornado safety program. Goal/Objective Goal 1, Objective 1.1 Hazard(s) Addressed Tornados, High Winds Estimated Cost $10,000 Potential Funding City of Pleasantville, Pleasantville CSD Timeline 5+ years Priority Medium Lead Agency City Council Status New

The City of Swan Participant Section SWA-227 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

REMOVED MITIGATION ACTIONS

FIRM Maps Analysis Ask FEMA for complete digital FIRM maps, or to update maps Status No longer relevant. Marion County completed this.

FIRM Maps Analysis Ask FEMA for complete digital FIRM maps, or to update maps (for another engineering study) Status Completed by Marion County.

Leadership Awareness Campaign Analysis Develop annual leadership awareness campaign about the continuity of operations and succession plan Status Removed to prioritize other projects

Alternative Energy Sources Analysis Investigate and implement alternative energy sources Status Not realistic at this time.

SWA-228 The City of Swan Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

PARTICIPANT SECTION FOR THE

CITY OF SWAN

Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

The City of Swan Participant Section SWA-229 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

OVERVIEW The City of Swan participated in this hazard mitigation plan in order to reduce the risk to human life and property from hazards. Their participation was extensive: a representative from Swan attended every public meeting; met with members from the planning team; completed all hazard identification and project identification worksheets; engaged the general public in the planning process; and, assisted in plan development coordination and data analysis.

For Swan, the top concerns that were identified through this planning process include flash and river flooding, hailstorm, severe winter storms, and tornadoes. The highest priority projects identified to address these issues include drainage ditches tornado safe rooms.

The following people were heavily involved in the development of Swan’s Participant Section:

Table SWA. 1: City of Swan Plan Contributors Name Title Department / Organization Jeff Anderson Director Marion County Emergency Management Agency Stacy Harding City Council Member City of Swan Jeff Henson Senior Planner, Project Manager JEO Consulting Group, Inc. John Brennan Planner, Project Coordinator JEO Consulting Group, Inc.

This section contains important information about the City of Swan relevant to hazard mitigation, including the following elements:

SWA-230 The City of Swan Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

LOCATION AND GEOGRAPHY The City of Swan is located in the northwestern portion of Marion County and covers an area of 0.64 square miles. Major waterways within the area include Sugar Creek, which runs through the eastern/southeastern portions of the community. The Des Moines River is located approximately .5 miles north of the community. The South River is located approximately .5 miles west of the community. Lake Red Rock is located approximately 3 miles southeast of the community. The area is not heavily forested, nor is it located in a geographic area of the state prone to landslides. Most of Swan lies in the plains topographic region, and is surrounded by agricultural fields.

Figure SWA. 1: City of Swan

The City of Swan Participant Section SWA-231 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

CLIMATE Swan’s climate is classified as humid continental, which is marked by variable weather patterns and a large seasonal temperature variance. The average high temperature in Swan for the month of July is 87.6 degrees and the average low temperature for the month of January is 13.3 degrees. Swan averages 29.7 days with a temperature over 90 degrees and 44.3 days below 32 degrees. A historic low of -30 degrees occurred in 1912, and a historic high of 114 occurred in 1934. On average, Swan gets 33.6 inches of rain and 26.9 inches of snowfall per year. The following table compares these climate indicators with those of the entire planning area and the State of Iowa.

Table SWA.2: Climate Data for the Cityof Swan Age Swan Marion County State of Iowa July High Temp 87.6° 87.6° 86.0° January Low Temp 13.3° 13.3° 14.0° Annual Rain Fall 33.6 inches 33.6 inches 34.7 inches Annual Snow Fall 26.9 inches 26.9 inches 32.4 inches Days over 90° 29.7 29.7 13.8 Days below 32° 44.3 44.3 62.9 Source: University of Iowa, High Plains Regional Climate Center, NCDC 2015

TRANSPORTATION Swan’s major transportation corridors include Coolidge St, which runs east-west along the southern edge of the community. The BNSF line runs in the southwestern corner of the community, crossing Coolidge st. This information is relevant to hazard mitigation plans because it indicates possible evacuation corridors in the community, as well as areas more at risk to transportation incidents.

POPULATION The following figure displays the historical population trend from 1910 to 2010. This figure indicates that the population of Swan has experienced eight decades of decline and two decades of growth. This is reflected in housing development as well, which saw development during decades of growth. Over the past decade, the population has declined by 49 people, or by 40 percent. Population trends are notable for hazard mitigation because communities with declining population may have a higher level of unoccupied housing that is not being up kept. Decreasing populations can also represent decreasing tax revenue for the community which could make implementation of mitigation actions more fiscally challenging.

SWA-232 The City of Swan Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Figure SWA. 2: Population 1910-2010 350 292 300 238 250 220 217 194 200 168

150 121 102 100 76 72 56 50

0 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2010, Table DP-01; UNL Iowa Historical Population Report

The following table indicates the Swan has a virtually no resident under the age of five. The proportion of residents over the age of 65 is also disproportionately higher than the county, as it the median age. Swan is more ethnically diverse than the county as a whole. These demographic variables are relevant to hazard mitigation insofar as the very young and elderly populations may be at greater risk from certain hazards than others. Likewise, additional social indicators may indicate vulnerability. For a more elaborate discussion of this vulnerability, please see Section Four: Risk Assessment.

Table SWA. 2: Population Makeup Age Swan Marion County State of Iowa <5 0% 6.4% 6.5% 5-64 74.1% 77.7% 78.5% >64 25.9% 15.9% 15.1% Median Age 53 38.6 38.1 % ethnic minority 6.9% 3.5% 8.5 % households with children 19.2 32.8% 30.5% % that speak English less than very well 3.4% 1.1% 3.0% Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2009-2013 ACS 5-Years Estimates

ECONOMICS AND HOUSING The following tables indicate that Swan’s median household income, per capita income, and median home value are all notably lower that the county. The unemployment rate and the percentage of people living in poverty is also notably higher compared to the amount of people living alone in the county as a whole. The percentage of people living in poverty is relatively high, as is the percent of people living alone. Economic indicators are relevant to hazard mitigation because they indicate the relative economic strength of an area. Economic indicators may also influence a community’s level of resiliency during hazardous events.

Table 12: Table SWA. 3: Housing and Income City of Swan Marion County State of Iowa Median Household Income $22,500 $54,723 $51,653 Per Capita Income $15,581 $25,477 $26,992 Median Home Value $71,700 $132,000 $124,300 Median Rent N/A $652 $670

The City of Swan Participant Section SWA-233 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

City of Swan Marion County State of Iowa % Employed 33.3% 64.8% 64.8% % of people living in poverty 29.3% 9.2% 12.4% % living alone 30.8% 26.0% 28.8% Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2013 American Community Surveys 5-year Estimates

The following figure indicates that the majority of the housing in Swan was built prior to 1980. According to 2009-2013 ACS 5-year estimates, the community has 28 housing units; with 92.9 percent of those units occupied. There are approximately 12 mobile homes in the community. Communities with a substantial number of mobile homes may have a higher number of residents vulnerable to the impacts of high winds, tornados, and severe winter storms.

Figure SWA. 3: Housing Units by Year Built 14

12 12

10 9

4 3 2 2 2

0 0 0 0 0 Built 1939 orBuilt 1940 toBuilt 1950 toBuilt 1960 toBuilt 1970 toBuilt 1980 toBuilt 1990 toBuilt 2000 toBuilt 2010 or earlier 1949 1959 1969 1979 1989 1999 2009 later

Source: Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2009-2013 American Community Surveys 5-year Estimates, Table DP04

Table SWA. 4: Housing Units Total Housing Units Occupied Housing Units

Jurisdiction Occupied Vacant Owner Renter Number Percent Number Percent Number Number Swan 26 92.9% 2 7.1% 17 9

Marion County 13,924 91.1% 1,233 8.9% 9,622 3,609 Iowa 1,341,001 91.5% 114,454 8.5% 885,942 340,605 Source: Selected Housing Characteristics: 2009 - 2013 ACS 5-year estimates

SWA-234 The City of Swan Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Figure SWA. 4: Land Use Map

The City of Swan Participant Section SWA-235 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

PARCEL IMPROVEMENTS AND VALUATION The planning team requested parcel data from the Marion County Assessor. This data allowed the planning team to analyze the location, number, and value of property improvements at the parcel level. Improvements are defined as anything that make land more valuable, such as constructing a home. The data did not contain the number of structures on each parcel. A summary of the results of this analysis is provided in the following table.

Table SWA. 5: Parcel Improvements Total Parcels Number of Total Value of Value of Parcels in Structures Total Parcels in Parcels Floodplain in Structures floodplain Floodplain 64 8 $1,665,470 $325,850 3 91 Source: Iowa Department of Revenue, Property Assessment Division CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE/KEY RESOURCES Each participating jurisdiction identified critical facilities vital for disaster response, providing shelter to the public, and essential for returning the jurisdiction’s functions to normal during and after a disaster. Swan identified 2 critical facilities meeting these criteria. Critical facilities were identified during the original planning process and updated by the local planning team during as a part of the plan update. The following table and figure provide a summary of the critical facilities for the jurisdiction.

Table SWA. 6: List of Critical Facilities in Swan

Number Name In Floodplain?

1 City Hall No 2 Tornado Siren No

SWA-236 The City of Swan Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Figure SWA. 5: Swan Critical Facilities

The City of Swan Participant Section SWA-237 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

CHEMICAL STORAGE FIXED SITES According to the Tier II System reports submitted to the Iowa Department of Environmental Quality, there are no chemical storage site in Swan.

HISTORIC SITES According to the National Register of Historic Places for Iowa, there are no historic units located in the City of Swan.

HISTORICAL OCCURRENCES The planning team used the NCDC Storm Event Database to determine the number of severe weather events in the community from January 1996 to April 2015. Tornado events have a period of record from January 1950 to April 2015. Due to the large number of events only those with reported impacts are listed in the following table. Hazard events which are only reported at the county zonal level, such as Blizzard, Heavy Snow, etc., are in a following table, however, the exact amount of damage in Swan for these events is unknown. The table below also contains information on each severe weather event with reported damages in Swan, including date, deaths, injuries, and property damages. The events may have caused crop damage as well. For a detailed description of each of these hazards, please see Section Four: Risk Assessment.

Table SWA. 7: NCDC Severe Weather Events Month, Year Day Hazard Deaths Injuries Property Damage ($) Local Damage Reported March, 2008 3 Flood 0 0 100,000 April, 1999 8 Tornado 0 0 50,000 June, 2008 5 Tornado 0 0 30,000 May, 2000 18 Tornado 0 0 5,000 July, 2002 28 Hail 0 0 5,000 June, 2008 8 Thunderstorm Wind 0 0 5,000 April, 2008 18 Hail 0 0 3,000 Totals 0 0 $198,000 Source: January 1996 to April 2015 NOAA NCDC

SWA-238 The City of Swan Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

RISK ASSESSMENT Hazard Identification The following table is a localized risk assessment of hazards identified specifically for Swan. Hazards marked with an asterisk are those that the planning team identified as posing the greatest risk. The following table also indicates if the hazard has occurred previously, historical local losses, and specific concerns identified for this hazard. A description of why this hazard is a concern, what the community is currently doing to address this hazard, and what mitigation projects they propose are included in this section. If available, a map indicating the location of mitigation projects can be found at the end of this participant section.

Table SWA. 8: City of Swan Risk Assessment PREVIOUS SPECIFIC CONCERNS HAZARD TYPE OCCURRENCE LOCAL LOSSES IDENTIFIED Yes/No

Animal/Crop/Plant Disease No Economic losses No Dam Failure No None No Drought Yes Economic losses No Earthquake No None No Expansive Soils No None No Extreme Heat Yes None No Significant interior $100,000 in property Flash Flooding* Yes flooding, often for long damage periods each year. Grass or Wildland Fires No None No Hailstorms* Yes None Yes Hazardous Materials No None No Human Disease No None No Infrastructure Failure No None No Landslide No None No Levee Failure No None No Flooding due to Lake Economic losses, Red Rock, concerns of River Flooding* Yes slowed transportation losing a bridge outside Swan. Impassible roadways, Yes None Severe Winter Storms* freezing temperatures Sinkholes No None No Thunderstorms and Lightning Yes Economic losses Interior flooding Tornadoes* No None Yes Transportation Incidents No None No Windstorms No None No *Identified by the planning team as a top concern for the jurisdiction

For more information regarding area wide hazards, please see Section Four: Risk Assessment. The following provides community specific information, reported in Swan’s Risk Assessment Summary, that is relevant to the hazards which the community identified as top concerns.

The City of Swan Participant Section SWA-239 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

FLASH FLOODING AND RIVER FLOODING

Swan is concerned about flash and riverine flooding, but more so riverine flooding. The area’s most prone to flooding in the city include the southeast corner of town near Lake Red Rock, into the city park and its back roads. This part of town floods every year, city officials report. In fact, the lake floods the city on its north, east, and southeast sides annually. Most intersections in town have poor storm water drainage, and the city recognizes a need to update its drainage system. The intersection of Maple and Orchard in town was rebuilt in 2013, but the drain cover remains unfinished. Also, eastbound Coolidge floods for long periods each year.

The city is concerned that a county bridge on the outskirts of town is aging, and a failure of this bridge due to flooding could prevent residents from entering or leaving town. Flooding hasn’t damaged municipal critical facilities in Swan in recent years.

To mitigate this hazard going forward, the city plans to deepen drainage ditches.

HAILSTORMS

Per the NCDC database, only one storm with severe-criteria hail (one inch in diameter or greater in size) was recorded in Swan, going back to the year 2000. Of note, on July 28, 2002, half-dollar-sized hail caused $5,000 in damage in town. Given the frequency of severe weather in Marion County, it is also possible that additional hailstorm events impacting Swan have occurred, but not been officially recorded. No municipal critical facilities in Swan have been damaged by hail in recent years.

To address this hazard in Swan, municipal critical facilities are fitted with hail resistant building materials, and are insured against hail damage. The city does not provide residents with information regarding hail resistant building materials when issuing building permits.

SEVERE WINTER STORMS

Per the NCDC database, in recent years, Marion County has experienced frequent winter storms, featuring heavy snowfall, ice, or blizzard-criteria conditions. The City of Swan’s main concern about severe winter weather is the risk of damage to city hall, city streets, and the sewer system.

The city clears its own roads. The city owns a snow removal truck with a plow and sand spreader, and generally finds these resources to be adequate for snow removal in town. All of the city’s streets are considered snow routes. The city does not use snow fences in town. Few if any power lines in town are buried. None of the city’s critical facilities have been damaged by severe winter storms in the recent past.

SWA-240 The City of Swan Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

TORNADOES

Per the NCDC database, the same EF-1 tornado on June 5, 2008 that caused damage near Pleasantville caused $30,000 of property damage near Swan. In addition, a F-1 tornado on May 18, 2000 moved in from Warren County and caused $5,000 of property damage in and around Swan. Another F-1 tornado on April 8, 1999 caused $50,000 in property damage three miles northwest of town. City officials in Swan are concerned about the risk of tornado damage to its city hall and a possible loss of city records there; and the risk of damage to city streets and the water system. None of the city’s critical facilities have been damaged by tornadoes in the recent past.

The city does not have public safe rooms or storm shelters; so persons needing shelter from tornadoes must rely on their own or a neighbor’s storm shelter, safe room, basement, or interior room. Marion County Emergency Management provides text alerts to warn residents of severe weather. The City of Swan does not conduct outreach to educate residents about tornado safety; nor does it have mutual aid agreements with other jurisdictions.

To mitigate these hazards going forward, the city plans to look into the feasibility of installing a tornado safe room.

GOVERNANCE A community’s governance structure impacts its ability to implement hazard mitigation actions. is governed by a Mayor and a five member council. Swan also has a City Clerk, City Treasurer, City Attorney, Associate Attorney, Fire Chief, and a Street Superintendent

Table SWA. 9: Capability Assessment

Survey Components/Subcomponents Existing (Yes/No)

Comprehensive Plan County-level Capital Improvements Plan No Hazard Mitigation Plan Yes Economic Development Plan No Local Emergency Operations Plan Yes Planning Debris Management Plan No Capability Local Recovery Plan No Natural Resources Protection Plan No Transportation Plan County-level Watershed Plan No Open Space Preservation Plan No

The City of Swan Participant Section SWA-241 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Survey Components/Subcomponents Existing (Yes/No)

Floodplain Management Plan No Storm Water Management Plan No Policies / Storm Water Ordinance No Ordinances Tree Trimming Ordinance No Zoning Ordinance Yes Subdivision Regulation/Ordinance No Site Plan Review Requirements No Historic Preservation Ordinance No Floodplain Ordinance Yes Building Codes Yes National Flood Insurance Program Yes Community Rating System No Planning Commission No Hazard Mitigation Planning Commission Yes Floodplain Administration Yes Emergency Manager County-level GIS/Mapping Coordinator County-level Chief Building Official/Inspector No Staffing Engineer County-level Grant Manager No Public Works Official County-level Sanitation Department County-level Housing Program Staff No Historic Preservation Staff No Flood Insurance Rate Maps Yes Flood Insurance Study No Critical Facilities Inventory Yes Studies and Land Use Map Yes Maps Evacuation Route Map No Capital Improvement Project Funding No Community Development Block Grant No Authority to Levy Taxes for Specific Purposes No Fiscal Gas/Electric Service Fees No Capability Storm Water Service Fees No Water/Sewer Service Fees No Development Impact Fees No General Obligation Revenue or Special Tax Bonds No Local citizen groups or non-profit organizations focused on environmental protection, emergency preparedness, access No and functional needs populations, etc. Please list. Ongoing public education or information program (e.g., Education responsible water use, fire safety, household preparedness, No and environmental education) Outreach Natural Disaster or Safety related school programs No Programs StormReady Certification County-level Firewise Communities Certification No Public-private partnership initiatives addressing disaster- No related issues Mutual Aid Agreements No

SWA-242 The City of Swan Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

As members of the NFIP, Swan has both floodplain regulations and a floodplain ordinance. The community is also included in the Marion County Emergency Operations Plan, which delineates the responsibilities of different offices in an emergency. Swan is included in the Marion County Comprehensive Plan, future updates of this plan will include goals and objectives from this plan update.

The City of Swan Participant Section SWA-243 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Figure SWA. 6: Swan Future Land Use Map

SWA-244 The City of Swan Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

MITIGATION ACTIONS

COMPLETED MITIGATION PROJECTS Since the adoption of the current HMP in 2012, Swan has not completed any mitigation projects listed in the previous Marion County Hazard Mitigation Plan.

ONGOING/NEW MITIGATION PROJECTS

Drainage Ditches Description Deepen drainage ditches and clean out culverts. Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.1 Hazard(s) Addressed Flooding Estimated Cost $10,000 Funding Streets Fund Timeline 2-5 years Priority Medium Lead Agency City Council Location City wide

Safe Room Description Design and construct storm shelters and safe rooms in highly vulnerable areas such as mobile home parks, campgrounds, school, and other areas. Goal/Objective Goal 1, Objective 1.1 Hazard(s) Addressed High Winds, Tornados Estimated Cost $200-$300/sq. ft. stand alone Funding Grant funding, taxes Timeline 5+ years Priority Low Lead Agency City Council Location Swan City Hall

REMOVED MITIGATION PROJECTS

Adopt a throughout EOP Addressing multiple hazards and mass casualties Reason for removal No longer relevant

The City of Swan Participant Section SWA-245 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Adopt building codes to address various natural hazards Reason for removal No longer relevant

Adopt manufactured home development storm shelter ordinances Reason for removal No longer relevant

Assure jurisdictional plans are in place and current Reason for removal No longer relevant

Backup jurisdictional files and records- store in alternative locations Reason for removal No longer relevant

Business and residential preparedness program Reason for removal No longer relevant

Community drills Reason for removal No longer relevant

Construct community safe rooms in various community assets (parks, buildings, manufactured home areas) Reason for removal No longer relevant

Construct storm water drainage (underground, culverts, curb and gutter, etc) Reason for removal No longer relevant

Coordinate with FEMA to implement an earthquake mitigation plan Reason for removal No longer relevant

Develop annual leadership awareness campaign about the plan Reason for removal No longer relevant

Develop electronic directory of local and other resources Reason for removal No longer relevant

Develop local debris disposal sites Reason for removal No longer relevant

Develop search and rescue teams Reason for removal No longer relevant

Develop volunteer base Reason for removal No longer relevant

Develop/implement an extreme heat event medical response plan Reason for removal No longer relevant

KHC-246 Knoxville Hospitals & Clinics Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Develop/implement recovery plan for power failure Reason for removal No longer relevant

Develop/update/publicize community evacuation plan Reason for removal No longer relevant

Establish alert programs for vulnerable populations Reason for removal No longer relevant

Establish backup communications systems or center Reason for removal No longer relevant

Establish HAZ MAT decontamination sites Reason for removal No longer relevant

Formally designate and stock school buildings as community shelters Reason for removal No longer relevant

GIS mapping system and digital hazard maps Reason for removal No longer relevant

Improve public awareness of hazard risks, disperse print materials Reason for removal No longer relevant

Improve roads (resurface, pave, widen) Reason for removal No longer relevant

Install central Sewer system Reason for removal No longer relevant

Install new Fire Hydrants Reason for removal No longer relevant

Install warning sirens Reason for removal No longer relevant

Integrate safe room retrofits into critical assets/facilities Reason for removal No longer relevant

Investigate alternative water sources for fire suppression Reason for removal No longer relevant

Investigate and implement alternative energy sources Reason for removal No longer relevant

Maintain active participation in the NFIP program Reason for removal No longer relevant

Knoxville Hospitals & Clinics Participant Section KHC-247 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Map past chemical contamination sites Reason for removal No longer relevant

Promote the construction of private in-home tornado safe rooms Reason for removal No longer relevant

Promote/provide tornado safe room design education for buildings and developers. Reason for removal No longer relevant

Purchase road closure barricades Reason for removal No longer relevant

Purchase standby/portable pumps and generators Reason for removal No longer relevant

Purchase/ install backup fixed power generators Reason for removal No longer relevant

Replace bridges and culverts Reason for removal No longer relevant

Tree planting programs on public property Reason for removal No longer relevant

Undertake Stream Modifications Reason for removal No longer relevant

KHC-248 Knoxville Hospitals & Clinics Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

PARTICIPANT SECTION FOR KNOXVILLE HOSPITAL & CLINICS

Marion County Hazard Mitigation Plan 2016

Knoxville Hospitals & Clinics Participant Section KHC-249 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

HOSPITAL & CLINICS PROFILE

LOCATION, SERVICES, AND ADMINISTRATION Knoxville Hospital and Clinics is a critical access hospital headquartered in Knoxville, Marion County, in south central Iowa. Knoxville is located 40 miles southeast of Des Moines. The population of Knoxville, per a 2014 Census Bureau estimate, is 7,244. The health center is located at 1002 South Lincoln Street, Knoxville, Iowa, 50138. The health center’s website http://knoxvillehospital.org/.

Kevin Kincaid is the Chief Executive Officer of Knoxville Hospitals and Clinics. The institution operates two medical facilities: Knoxville Hospital Clinic and Pleasantville Clinic. The hospital employs 253 people, 13 of which are doctors.

DEMOGRAPHICS The health center has 25 patient beds. The health center sees 45,000 patients annually, and employs 13 doctors, 94 nurses and 146 non-clinical staff and administrators.

Per a 2013 Census Bureau estimate, there are 1,880 families in Knoxville, Iowa. Per the same estimates, about eight percent of the city’s population, or about 560 residents, are under 5 years of age; and 1925 children, or 26 percent of residents, are age 17 or younger. 96 percent of Knoxville’s residents are white, 3 percent are unknown, followed by 1 percent black residents.

Demographics Unknown Black 3% 1%

White 96%

White Black Unknown

The median family income in Knoxville, Iowa is $41,958. Ninety-seven percent of Knoxville residents are white, one percent are biracial or multiracial, and less than one percent are Asian-American, or African- American.

KHC-250 Knoxville Hospitals & Clinics Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

CRITICAL FACILITIES The health center operates two medical facilities. The structures for each facility are listed below, along with the f address, original construction date, the date of any renovations, the valuation for the facility, the number of patient beds and staff housed in the facility, notice of whether a facility is located in a 100-year- floodplain, nature any damage to the facility, and the presence of a safe room for tornadoes.

Table KHC. 1: Knoxville Hospital Health Building Knoxville Hospital Address 1002 S Lincoln St, Knoxville, IA 50138 Original Construction Date 1980 Date of Renovations 2015 Building Valuation $20,358,407 Number of Patient Beds 25 Number of Staff 253, between both buildings Sited in 100-Year-Floodplain? No Nature of Damage None Tornado Safe Room Present? No

Table KHC. 2: Pleasantville Clinic Health Building Pleasantville Clinic Address 104 N. Washington St, Pleasantville, IA 50225 Original Construction Date 1950 Building Valuation $51,179 Number of Patient Beds Number of Staff 253, between both buildings Sited in 100-Year-Floodplain? No Nature of Damage None Tornado Safe Room Present? No

Knoxville Hospitals & Clinics Participant Section KHC-251 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Figure KHC.1: Knoxville Hospital Location

KHC-252 Knoxville Hospitals & Clinics Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

PLANNING PROCESS AND COMMITTEE

Knoxville Hospitals & Clinics participated in the development of this hazard mitigation plan to protect its patients, personnel, facilities, and resources from the risks posed by all hazards. A representative from the health center attended every public meeting, met with members of the planning team, completed all hazard identification and project identification worksheets, engaged the public in the planning process, and assisted with coordination between departments and with data analysis.

The following people were heavily involved in the development of the health center’s Participant Section:

Table KHC. 3: Knoxville Hospitals & Clinics Participant Section Contributors Name Title Department / Organization Jeff Anderson Director Marion County Emergency Management Agency Kellie Jones Registered Nurse & ED Coordinator Knoxville Hospitals and Clinics Jeff Henson Senior Planner, Project Manager JEO Consulting Group, Inc. John Brennan Planner, Project Coordinator JEO Consulting Group, Inc.

RISK ASSESSMENT

The hazards of top concern that were identified by Knoxville Hospitals & Clinics through this process include dam failure, hazardous materials, flash/river flooding, severe winter storms, and tornadoes. The hazard mitigation projects designated as high priorities by the health center include installing a hazard materials decontamination sites, as well as updating a tornado safety plan and installing a safe room built to FEMA standards.

Table KHC.4 details the health center’s risk assessment by hazard. It indicates whether the health center’s critical facilities have ever experienced a previous hazard; the annual probability of the hazard occurring within the health center’s jurisdiction; and a summary of concerns regarding the hazard mentioned by planning committee members.

Table KHC.4: Knoxville Hospitals & Clinics Regional Risk Assessment PREVIOUS SPECIFIC CONCERNS HAZARD TYPE OCCURRENCE LOCAL LOSSES IDENTIFIED* Yes/No

Animal/Crop/Plant Disease No None No Dam Failure* No None Yes Drought No None No Earthquake No None No Expansive Soils No None No Extreme Heat Yes None No Flash Flooding* Yes None No Grass or Wildland Fires No None No Hailstorm Yes None No Hazardous Materials* No None Yes Human Disease Yes None No

Knoxville Hospitals & Clinics Participant Section KHC-253 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Infrastructure Failure No None No Landslide No None No Levee Failure No None No River Flooding* Yes None Yes Severe Winter Storms* Yes Minor tree damages Yes Sinkholes No None No Thunderstorms and Lightning Yes Minor tree damages No Tornadoes* No None Yes Transportation Incidents No None No Windstorm Yes Minor tree damages No

DAM FAILURE

Red Rock Dam is a state-owned dam located about 10 miles northeast of the City of Knoxville proper, along Lake Red Rock – a lake that’s part of the Des Moines River. According to the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Lake Red Rock entails more than 15,000 acres of water, and collects runoff and drainage from more than 12,320 square miles of land from Iowa and southern Minnesota. Red Rock Dam controls the flow of this reservoir, so a failure of this dam could be catastrophic, possibly involving mass casualties and extensive damage to property and natural resources. The hospital is concerned about the possibility of mass casualties and damage to homes from this kind of event. Construction on the dam is ongoing, raising concerns among city officials about the stability of the dam during construction.

The hospital has no known dam failure evacuation plan, but believes one is needed.

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

While no known hazardous materials incidents have occurred in Knoxville in recent years, the hospital is concerned about hazardous materials that are transported along local highways. State Routes 5 and 92 run east to west through the center, southeastern, and southern parts of town, while State Highway 14 runs through town from north to south. Local car shops, the Hormel plant, and the 3M plant in town all store hazardous materials on site. State Highway 92, in particular, runs by a hospital and a Walmart. Knoxville Hospitals & Clinics is concerned about the possibility of mass casualties from this kind of event.

To mitigate this hazard, the hospital has a hazardous material team with some training, but it indicates a need for additional hazmat personnel, and more hazmat training for its hospital staff. The hospital intends to install a Hazardous Materials Decontamination Site.

FLASH FLOODING AND RIVER FLOODING

The hospital is equally concerned about flash flooding and river flooding. English Creek runs along the northern and northwestern edge of the City of Knoxville, and the Des Moines River runs along the northern and northeastern edges. The hospital is also concerned about flooding from Red Lake Rock, Cedar Creek. Flooding has damaged homes in town.

SEVERE WINTER STORMS

Per the NCDC database, in recent years, Marion County has experienced frequent winter storms, featuring heavy snowfall, ice, or blizzard-criteria conditions. The hospital is concerned about utility outages, which

KHC-254 Knoxville Hospitals & Clinics Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan might prevent residents from having access to heat or water, and homeless people who might be exposed to the elements. Severe winter weather has not damaged hospital facilities in recent years.

Severe winter storms impact the elderly especially adversely. Elderly individuals often injure themselves when working to adapt to a severe winter storm, scooping driveways, digging out vehicles, etc. When these individuals are injured, the hospital sees an increased demand on emergency rooms and other resources.

To address this hazard, few if any power lines in the City of Knoxville are buried. There are designated snow routes in the city, but the county does not employ snow fences. The city owns plows, trucks, salt, and sand to clear city roads, and believes these resources are sufficient for snow removal. To mitigate lasting impacts of a severe winter storm, the hospital intends to create a backup plan in case of losing internet service.

TORNADOES

Per the NCDC database, there is only one record of a tornado affecting Knoxville since 2000: a brief F-0 touchdown was reported northeast of Knoxville on June 13, 2005. The hospital is concerned about the risk of significant damage to public infrastructure and the hospital, and the possibility of mass casualties due to residents not having adequate shelter. The hospital hasn’t been damaged by tornadoes in recent years.

The hospital does not have public safe rooms, but the public can seek shelter in the hospital. Marion County Emergency Management does offer severe weather text alerts for the public. The hospital backs-up its critical data and records. The City of Knoxville has mutual aid agreements with neighboring jurisdictions. The hospital does not presently conduct severe weather awareness campaigns, but identifies needs in the community for better preparedness, and public safe rooms.

PLAN INTEGRATION Knoxville Hospitals & Clinics maintain a HICS (Hospital Incident Command System) disaster plan, which was last updated in 2011. The plan outlines the chain of command for crisis situations, communication procedures during an emergency, crisis management procedures, safety precautions and emergency preparedness measures, and building security procedures. The HICS plan outlines the procedures for any occurrence that threatens and causes loss of life and property and exceeds the routing capabilities of local governmental, community, and health care agencies.

The health center’s CEO would be the main actor in overseeing the implementation of mitigation actions in health center facilities. The health center’s efforts to educate its staff, patients, and the community about its preparedness plans and emergency procedures include drills and educational in-services.

Mitigation actions will be incorporated into annual budgets as opportunities allow. Annual budgets allow for ongoing maintenance of infrastructure and maintaining critical assets.

CAPABILITY ASSESSMENT

The local entity which would be responsible for implementing mitigation projects. The board is made up of 12 local representatives: hospital directors, banks, etc. The board is responsible for prioritizing projects and approving budgets for the upcoming year.

Mitigation actions will be incorporated into annual budgets as opportunities allow. Annual budgets allow for ongoing maintenance of infrastructure and maintaining critical assets.

Knoxville Hospitals & Clinics Participant Section KHC-255 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

MITIGATION ACTIONS COMPLETED MITIGATION ACTIONS

Bury Powerlines near Helipad Description Powerlines near helipad created a highly dangerous landing situation for helicopter pilots Goal/ Objective Goal Hazard(s) Addressed High winds, prolonged power outages Timeline Completed Priority High Lead Agency Hospital Environmental Health and Safety

ONGOING AND NEW MITIGATION ACTIONS

Update Tornado Safety Plan Description Presently, the hospital has hardened areas, and drill for these events. More planning will be necessary, and annual updates will be critical. Goal/ Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.2 Hazard(s) Addressed Tornado Estimated Cost $5,000 Funding Hospital General Fund Timeline 1 year Priority High Lead Agency Hospital Environmental Health and Safety

Develop Backup Plan in Case of Lost Internet Description All patient files are accessed using internet access, if the hospital should use internet access, they would presently lose all patient information. Goal/ Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.2 Hazard(s) Addressed Prolonged power outages, human disease Estimated Cost $10,000 Funding Hospital General Fund Timeline 2-5 years Priority Medium Lead Agency Hospital Administration

Safe Rooms Description The hospital does not presently have any sort of safe room to use in the case of a high wind/tornado event. Goal/ Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.1 Hazard(s) Addressed Tornados, High Winds Estimated Cost $200,000 Funding Hospital General Fund, Grant Timeline 2-5 years Priority High Lead Agency Hospital Board

Install a Hazardous Materials Decontamination Site Description To prevent against the spreading of hazardous materials, especially highly contagious diseases, create a hazardous materials decontamination station/shower/ facility. Goal/ Objective Goal 4, Objective 4.1

KHC-256 Knoxville Hospitals & Clinics Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Hazard(s) Addressed Hazardous Materials Estimated Cost $25,000 Funding Hospital General Funds, Grant Timeline 10+ years Priority Medium Lead Agency Hospital Board

REMOVED MITIGATION ACTIONS

No mitigation actions have been removed since the last planning process in 2012.

Knoxville Hospitals & Clinics Participant Section KHC-257 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

KHC-258 Knoxville Hospitals & Clinics Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

PARTICIPANT SECTION FOR PELLA REGIONAL HEALTH CENTER

Marion County Hazard Mitigation Plan

Pella Regional Health Center Participant Section PR-259 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

HEALTH CENTER PROFILE

Location, Services, and Administration Pella Regional Health Center is located in Pella, Marion County, in south central Iowa. Pella is located 42 miles southeast of Des Moines along Highway 163, about five miles east of Lake Red Rock. The population of Pella, per a 2014 Census Bureau estimate, is 10,337. The health center is located at 404 Jefferson Street, Pella, Iowa, 50219. The health center’s website is http://www.pellahealth.org/.

Bob Kroese is the Chief Executive Officer of Pella Regional. In fiscal year 2013, per the health center’s annual report, Pella Regional earned $75.3 million in net operating revenue, against $72.3 million in operating expenses. The health center also operates six clinics, in Pella, Bussey, Knoxville, Monroe, Ottumwa, and Sully in Iowa.

PLANNING PROCESS AND COMMITTEE

Pella Regional participated in the development of this hazard mitigation plan to protect its patients, personnel, facilities, and resources from the risks posed by all hazards. A representative from the health center attended every public meeting, met with members of the planning team, completed all hazard identification and project identification worksheets, engaged the public in the planning process, and assisted with coordination between departments and with data analysis.

The following people were heavily involved in the development of the health center’s Participant Section:

Table PR.1: Pella Regional Health Center Participant Section Contributors Name Title Department / Organization Mark Roorda Maintenance Supervisor Pella Regional Health Center Jim Corbett Director of Facilities Pella Regional Health Center Nathalie McCollam Facilities Specialist Pella Regional Health Center Jeff Henson Senior Planner, Project Manager JEO Consulting Group, Inc. John Brennan Planner JEO Consulting Group, Inc.

DEMOGRAPHICS There are 25 patient beds at Pella Regional. The health center sees roughly 70,000 patients annually, and employs 52 doctors, 222 nurses, 219 medical specialists, and 292 non-clinical staff and administrators.

Per 2013 Census Bureau estimates, there are 2,395 families in Pella. Per the same estimates, about seven percent of the city’s population, or 687 residents, are under five years of age; and about 2,500 children, or 24 percent of residents, are age 17 or younger.

The median family income in Pella is $76,105. Ninety-six percent of Pella residents are white, two percent are Asian-American, one percent are African-American, and one percent are biracial.

CRITICAL FACILITIES The health center operates a hospital and six clinics. The facilities for the health center and each clinic are listed below, along with the facility’s address, original construction date, the date of any renovations, the valuation for the facility, the number of patient beds and staff housed in the facility, notice of whether a facility is located in a 100-year-floodplain, nature any damage to the facility, the presence of a safe room for tornadoes.

PR-260 Pella Regional Health Center Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Figure PR.1: Pella Regional Health Center

Pella Regional Health Center Participant Section PR-261 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Table PR.2: Pella Health Building Health Building Pella Regional Health Center Address 404 Jefferson St, Pella, IA 50219 Original Construction Date 1959 Date of Renovations 1961, 1966, 1978, 1987, 1992, 1995, 2002, 2006-2009 Building Valuation $116.4 million Number of Patient Beds 25 Number of Staff 750 Sited in 100-Year-Floodplain? No Nature of Damage None Tornado Safe Room Present? No

RISK ASSESSMENT

The hazards of top concern that were identified by Pella Regional through this process include dam failure, flooding, severe thunderstorms, hazardous materials, and severe winter storms. The hazard mitigation projects designated as high priorities by the health center include backup power generators, and obtaining a snowplow.

Table PR.4 details the health center’s risk assessment by hazard. It indicates whether the health center’s critical facilities have ever experienced a previous hazard; the annual probability of the hazard occurring within the health center’s jurisdiction; and a summary of concerns regarding the hazard mentioned by planning committee members.

Table PR.3: Pella Regional Risk Assessment PREVIOUS SPECIFIC CONCERNS HAZARD TYPE OCCURRENCE LOCAL LOSSES IDENTIFIED Yes/No

Animal/Crop/Plant Disease No None No Dam Failure No None Yes Drought No None No Earthquake No None No Expansive Soils No None No Extreme Heat No None No Flash Flooding Yes None Yes Grass and Wildland Fires No None No Hailstorm No None No Hazardous Materials No None Yes Human Disease Yes None No Infrastructure Failure No None No Landslide No None No Levee Failure No None No Radiological No None No Severe Winter Storms Yes None Yes

PR-262 Pella Regional Health Center Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Sinkholes No None No Terrorism No None No Thunderstorms and Lightning Yes None Yes Tornadoes No None No Transportation Incidents No None No Windstorms No None No

For more information regarding area wide hazards, please see Section Four: Risk Assessment. The following provides community specific information, reported in Pella Health’s Risk Assessment Summary, that is relevant to the hazards which the community identified as top concerns.

When presented with a list of hazards in the State Hazard Mitigation Plan, the hospital identified dam failure, flooding, thunderstorm, hazardous materials, and winter storms as top concerns.

DAM FAILURE

The local planning team identified dam failure as a top concern for the hospital. While the hospital would not directly be affected by a dam failure, the hospital is most concerned about impacts of the dam at Lake Red Rock. Pella has the nearest hospital to this dam, and would likely see many of the direct impacts from a dam failure from this location. The Army Corps of Engineers owns the dam, and is responsible for regular maintenance and upkeep of the dam, as well as monitoring.

To mitigate lasting impacts of a dam failure in Pella, the hospital intends to work with officials to review the emergency action/evacuation plan for dam failure.

FLASH AND RIVERINE FLOODING The local planning team identified flooding as a top concern for the planning area. The hospital is prone to both riverine and flash flooding, especially in areas near Lake Red Rock and south of the dam at Lake Red Rock.

SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS The local planning team indicated that severe thunderstorms are a top concern for the hospital. The hospital has not seen any large scale impacts due to severe thunderstorms, however, they are consistently concerned about high winds resulting in downed power lines. Because power is a critical resource at any hospital, Pella Regional has worked to obtain backup generators at their location to prevent the lasting impacts of a severe thunderstorm. Further, the hospital has worked to protect critical records with surge protectors.

To mitigate lasting impacts of a severe thunderstorm, the hospital intends to work to obtain a backup generator, preventing prolonged power outage.

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS The local planning team identified hazardous materials as a top concern for the hospital. While the hospital has not had a significant hazardous material event, it is a top concern due to the local manufacturing sites which house hazardous materials, such as Pella Corp, and Vermeer. While the hospital is not concerned about direct impacts from these locations, but instead the logistics of treating a large number of employees from a hazardous materials disaster. Additionally, they are highly concerned about transportation of these chemicals near Pella, especially on Highway 163.

Pella Regional Health Center Participant Section PR-263 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

In the case of a hazardous material spill event, the hospital would play a support role to any emergency management and response personnel. To mitigate the lasting impacts of a significant hazardous materials event, the hospital intends to take an inventory of current haz mat resources

SEVERE WINTER STORMS The local planning team indicated that severe winter storms are a top concern for the hospital. The specific concerns of the hospital specifically relate to snow removal logistics and power outages. There have not been past damages to the hospital due to severe winter storms, however the hospital is still highly concerned about this hazard due to the threats it can pose to safety. Some characteristics of Pella make the community less vulnerable to lasting impacts from severe winter storms; the city has snow routes, which prioritize specific roadways during heavy snow events, and encourage individuals to use those safe thoroughfares. Additionally, the majority of power lines are buried in Pella, which dramatically lowers the likelihood of power outages due to severe winter storm. The city takes care of snow removal in Pella, using snow plows with salt spreaders, and ATV’s. According to the local planning team, snow removal resources are presently sufficient for local events.

PLAN INTEGRATION Pella Regional Health Center maintains an Emergency Operations Plan and a Hazard Vulnerability Analysis. The Emergency Operations Plan dictates what actions should follow certain hazard events. The plan was last updated in February 2016, and the plan addresses concerns to tornado, severe thunderstorm, snow fall, blizzard, ice storm, earthquake, extreme temperatures, drought, flood, wildfire, landslide, dam inundation and epidemics. The plan also identifies specific roles of offices in the event of a hazard event, these offices include law enforcement, Emergency Management Services, Emergency Management Agency, and the County Public Health Department.

The hospital also conducts a hazard vulnerability analysis annually, which examines the changing vulnerability to the hazards listed above. The plan is reviewed annually in January.

Mitigation actions will be incorporated into annual budgets as opportunities allow. Annual budgets allow for ongoing maintenance of infrastructure and maintaining critical assets.

MITIGATION ACTIONS COMPLETED MITIGATION PROJECTS

Pella Health did not complete any of the mitigation actions included in the 2012 Hazard Mitigation Plan.

ONGOING/NEW MITIGATION PROJECTS Plan Review Analysis Assure hospital’s plans are in place and current Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.2 Hazard(s) Addressed All Hazards Estimated Cost $500 Potential Funding Private Funds Timeline 1 year Priority Medium Lead Agency Plant Operations Status 20% Complete

PR-264 Pella Regional Health Center Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Backup Records Analysis Backup files and records- store in alternative locations. Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.1 Hazard(s) Addressed All Hazards Estimated Cost $5,000 Potential Funding Private Timeline 1 year Priority Medium Lead Agency Plant Operations Status 20% Complete

Exercises & Drills Analysis Conduct exercises and drills for disaster response Goal/Objective Goal 4, Objective 4.1 Hazard(s) Addressed All Hazards Estimated Cost $5,000 Potential Funding Private Timeline 2-5 years Priority Low Lead Agency Plant Operations Status 20% Complete

Backup Generators Analysis Purchase/install backup power generators and pumps. Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.1 Hazard(s) Addressed Prolonged power outage, severe thunderstorms, tornado Estimated Cost $25,000 Potential Funding Private Timeline 5+ years Priority High Lead Agency Plant Operations Status Not Started

Electrical System Looped Distributions/Redundancies Analysis Provide looped distribution service and other redundancies in the electrical system as a backup power supply in the event the primary system is destroyed or fails. Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.1 Hazard(s) Addressed Severe Thunderstorm, Tornados, Severe Winter Storm, High Winds Estimated Cost $ Potential Funding Private Timeline 5+ years Priority High Lead Agency Plant Operations Status New

Pella Regional Health Center Participant Section PR-265 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Snowplow Analysis Purchase additional snowplow. Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.2 Hazard(s) Addressed Severe Winter Storm Estimated Cost $100,000 Potential Funding Private Timeline 5+ years Priority Low Lead Agency Plant Operations Status New

Additional Training Analysis Conduct an annual Haz Mat training with fire fighters. Include those in mutual aid agreements. Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.2 Hazard(s) Addressed Hazardous Materials Estimated Cost $12,000 Potential Funding Grants Timeline 2-5 years Priority High Lead Agency Education Department, Pella FD Status New

Haz Mat Response Analysis Regularly inventory all Haz Mat supplies. Replace any deficient equipment. Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.2 Hazard(s) Addressed Hazardous Materials Estimated Cost $2,000 Potential Funding Grants Timeline 1 year Priority High Lead Agency Plant Operations Status New

Develop Dam Failure Emergency Action and Evacuation Plan Analysis Work with officials to develop emergency action and evacuation plans if a dam were to fail. Goal/Objective Goal 4, Objective 4.2 Hazard(s) Addressed Dam Failure Estimated Cost $2,000 Potential Funding Grants Timeline 2-5 years Priority Medium Lead Agency Plant Operations Status New

PR-266 Pella Regional Health Center Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

REMOVED MITIGATION PROJECTS

Pella Health did not remove any of the mitigation actions included in the 2012 Hazard Mitigation Plan.

Pella Regional Health Center Participant Section PR-267 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

PR-268 Pella Regional Health Center Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

PARTICIPANT SECTION FOR CENTRAL COLLEGE

Marion County Hazard Mitigation Plan

College Participant Section CEN-269 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

COLLEGE PROFILE LOCATION, SERVICES, AND ADMINISTRATION Founded in 1853, Central College is a private four-year liberal arts college affiliated with the Reformed Church in America. The college is located in Pella, a city of about 10,300 residents located in Marion County, Iowa, about 42 miles southeast of Des Moines. The campus’ main offices are located at 812 University, Pella, Iowa, 50219, and the college’s URL is http://www.central.edu/. The college is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.

Central College has 73 academic programs, including several STEM disciplines (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics), and several humanities programs, including religion, philosophy, and English. It is especially noted for its chemistry (member of the American Chemistry Society) and its physics programs. Forbes and other media have praised the college for its academic excellence and affordability. Further, the President’s Higher Education Community Service Honor Roll has recognized the college for its commitment to community service. Central College competes in NCAA Division III athletics via the Iowa Conference, where it has won several championships, as well as several national championships.

The President of Central College is Dr. Mark Putnam, who holds a Doctor of Education from Teachers College, Columbia University. The Chairperson of the Board of Trustees is J. Lanier Little, retired executive vice president of First Niagara Financial Group and Class of 1974 graduate. The board has 36 members, including renown television journalist and Class of 1973 graduate Harry Smith, former Ambassador to Niger and Class of 1978 graduate Bernadette Allen, and former Miami Dolphins NFL player, two-time Super Bowl Champion, and College Hall of Fame member (and 1971 Central College graduate) Vernon Den Herder. The President is assisted through the Senior Leadership Team comprised of Dr. Mary EM Strey, Vice President for Academic Affairs/Dean of the Faculty; Dr. Peggy Fitch, Vice President for Student Development; Mr. Thomas Johnson, Vice President for Finance and Management; Ms. Carol Williamson, Vice President for Enrollment Management; Bill Northup, Vice President for Advancement; and Ms. Sunny Eighmy, Director of College Relations.

DEMOGRAPHICS Central College has 1,400 enrolled students. Central is a residential college, requiring students to live on campus until they graduate, with the exception of married students, students with children, students 23 years of age or older, or military veterans. Accordingly, only six percent of students (about 85) live off- campus. Per Petersons.com, 88 percent of students are white, three percent are of Hispanic descent, about two percent are African-American, with one percent or fewer Asian, American Indian, or bi- or multi-racial descent. Most students, around 80 percent, are from in-state, and just over one percent of students are international.

The college employs 129 faculty, 170 exempt and 227 non-exempt employees. The schools serve the following grades and number of students:

CEN-270 College Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

CRITICAL FACILITIES Central College has 50 buildings on campus with eighteen considered critical facilities. The critical buildings are listed below. These structures are vital to the campus in an emergency scenario, for a variety of reasons. Some locations may be important to preserve electrical service, or housing vulnerable populations.

Table CC.1: Central College Critical Facilities Number Name In Floodplain? 1 Vermeer Science Center No 2 Geisler Library No 3 Cox-Snow Hall No 4 Scholte Residence Hall No 5 Graham Annex No 6 Jordan Hall No 7 Lubbers Hall No 8 Gaass Residence Hall No 9 Hoffman Residence Hall No 10 Pietenpol Residence Hall No 11 Roe Center No 12 Weller Hall No 13 A.N. Kuyper Athletic Complex No 14 McKee Residence Hall No 15 Hislop Exercise Science No 16 Kruidenauer Theater No 17 Facilities Planning and Management No 18 Maytag Student Center No

College Participant Section CEN-271 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Figure CC.1: Central College Critical Facilities

CEN-272 College Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

PLAN INTEGRATION Central College maintains a strategic plan, and an emergency management and communications plan, which were last updated in 2010 and 2015. The emergency response plan includes a series of teams which are trained regularly and include an emergency communication system. The plan includes information for emergency communication, using an automated text message blast. Additionally, the College has its own Emergency Operations Plan, independent of the county, this plan provides a clear assignment of responsibilities in a variety of emergency situations. The plan was last updated in 2015, and many administrators are familiar with the plan, including the president, academic affairs department, student development, finance and management, alumni relations, facilities planning and management, residence life, student involvement/inclusivity/leadership, counseling, and career and professional development. These plans include response protocol for the following disasters:

 Tornado  Pandemic Response  Management Information  Fire  Death  Bomb  Explosion  Active Shooter

Per the college’s website, the Central College Emergency Management Team (CEMT) is responsible for coordinating emergency preparedness on campus, and therefore has primary responsibility for overseeing the implementation of mitigation actions in College’s facilities. In the case of a natural disaster, active shooter, or other campus emergency, the CEMT, led by the school president, oversees all emergency response; while the College Emergency Response Team (CERT), led by the dean of students, performs emergency operations.

Additionally, Central College has begun the process for updating its master plan. The master plan encompasses all physical aspects of the campus and includes plans for future expenditures utilizing a Capital Improvements Program.

Mitigation actions will be incorporated into the Capital Improvements annual budgets as opportunities allow. Annual budgets allow for ongoing maintenance of infrastructure and maintaining critical assets.

PLANNING PROCESS AND COMMITTEE

Central College participated in the development of this hazard mitigation plan to protect its students, personnel, facilities, and resources from the risks posed by all hazards. A representative from the college attended every public meeting, met with members of the planning team, completed all hazard identification and project identification worksheets, engaged the public in the planning process, and assisted with coordination between departments and with data analysis.

The following people were involved in the development of the district’s Participant Section:

Table CC.2: Central College Participant Section Contributors Name Title Department / Organization Charlie Strey Dean of Students Central College

College Participant Section CEN-273 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Name Title Department / Organization Mike Lubberden Director: Facilities Planning and Management Central College Jeff Henson Senior Planner, Project Manager JEO Consulting Group, Inc. John Brennan Planner, Project Coordinator JEO Consulting Group, Inc. RISK ASSESSMENT The hazards of top concern that were identified by Central College through this process include human disease, infrastructure failure, severe winter storm, thunderstorm and lightning, and tornadoes. The hazard mitigation projects designated as high priorities by the College include designation of community shelters, storm water controls, lightning protection, and safe room and safe room retrofits.

Table P.5 details the College’s risk assessment by hazard. It indicates whether the college’s critical facilities have ever experienced a previous hazard; the annual probability of the hazard occurring within the district’s jurisdiction; and a summary of concerns regarding the hazard mentioned by planning committee members.

Table CC.3: Central College District Risk Assessment PREVIOUS SPECIFIC CONCERNS HAZARD TYPE OCCURRENCE LOCAL LOSSES IDENTIFIED Yes/No

Animal/Crop/Plant Disease No None No Dam Failure No None No Drought No None No Earthquake No None No Expansive Soils No None No Extreme Heat Yes None No Flash Flooding No None No Grass and Wildland Fires No None No Damage to some Yes No Hailstorm structures and vehicles Hazardous Materials No None No Minor contagious Human Disease Yes Yes illnesses Infrastructure Failure No None No Landslide No None No Levee Failure No None No River Flooding No None No Freezing temperatures, difficulty getting to Severe Winter Storms Yes Slowed transportation classes, transportation concerns Sinkholes No None No Minimal flooding on Thunderstorms and Lightning Yes Yes campus Tornadoes No None Yes Transportation Incidents No None No Windstorms Yes Downed tree branches No

CEN-274 College Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

HUMAN DISEASE

Central College has an active study abroad program, through which nearly half the students on campus travel overseas during their 4 years of study. Study away trips are led by faculty and campus organizations. Students can go on mission trips to underdeveloped countries, some of which may harbor infectious diseases that could threaten student health.

To mitigate this hazard, Central College plans to implement a hazmat emergency plan.

SEVERE WINTER STORMS

Per the NCDC database, in recent years, Marion County has experienced frequent winter storms, featuring heavy snowfall, ice, or blizzard-criteria conditions.

To mitigate this hazard, Central College plans to designate community shelters.

THUNDERSTORMS AND LIGHTNING

Per the NCDC database, frequent storms with severe-criteria wind (58 mph or greater) or severe-criteria hail (one-inch diameter or greater) have been officially recorded as impacting Pella since 2000. Of particular note, on June 20, 2015, golf ball-sized hail caused $10,000 worth of property damage in Pella. On July 11, 2011, a thunderstorm generating 86 mph straight-line winds blew a roof off a building and caused $50,000 in property damage in the city. On June 26, 2011, storms producing winds up to 77 mph caused $55,000 in property damage.

To mitigate this hazard, Central College plans to implement storm water controls, backflow devices, and lightening protection.

TORNADOES Per the NCDC database, on September 30, 2007, a half-mile wide tornado caused EF-1 damage in Pella, leading to $75,000 in property losses.

To mitigate this hazard, Central College plans to install safe rooms, and investigate safe room retrofits.

MITIGATION ACTIONS COMPLETED MITIGATION PROJECTS

No mitigation actions have been completed since the last Hazard Mitigation Plan Update in 2012.

ONGOING/NEW MITIGATION PROJECTS

Terrorism Response Plan Analysis Adopt and promote terrorism response plan. Central will be using ALICE training for employees and students. Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.2 Hazard(s) Addressed Terrorism Estimated Cost $5,000 Potential Funding General Fund Timeline 1 Year Priority High

College Participant Section CEN-275 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Terrorism Response Plan Lead Agency Campus Safety Status Ongoing

Adopt an Emergency Operations Plan Analysis Adopt a thorough emergency operations plan (EOP), addressing hazards and mass casualties. Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.2 Hazard(s) Addressed All Estimated Cost $2,500 Potential Funding General Fund Timeline 1 year Priority High Lead Agency Campus Safety Status Ongoing. Mostly completed but is continually being updated and revised.

Awareness Campaign Analysis Develop annual leadership awareness campaign about the mitigation plan Goal/Objective Goal 3, Objective 3.1 Hazard(s) Addressed All Estimated Cost $1,000 Potential Funding Not Applicable Timeline 1 year Priority High Lead Agency Department of Student Life Status Ongoing

Soil Erosion Stabilization Analysis Develop soil erosion stabilization projects Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.1 Hazard(s) Addressed Flash Flooding Estimated Cost $25,000 Potential Funding General Fund Timeline Ongoing Priority Low Lead Agency Facilities Management Status Ongoing

Security Cameras and Lighting Analysis Develop and maintain security at applicable assets (surveillance cameras, lighting, electronic key all academic campus buildings) Goal/Objective Goal 4, Objective 4.3 Hazard(s) Addressed Terrorism Estimated Cost $1,000,000 Potential Funding General Fund Timeline Ongoing

CEN-276 College Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Security Cameras and Lighting Priority High Lead Agency Campus Safety Status Ongoing. Continual review and updating. Rekeyed entire campus in 2015 with BEST System locks. Current plans include adding electronic entrance devices to all non- residential buildings.

Emergency Response Guidebooks Analysis Provide emergency response guidebooks in key College buildings and vehicles Goal/Objective Goal 3, Objective 3.1 Hazard(s) Addressed All Estimated Cost $1,000 Potential Funding General Fund Timeline Ongoing Priority High Lead Agency Campus Safety Status Ongoing. These are present in vehicles and updated regularly. Emergency Response information is posted on the web.

Policies, Procedures, and Codes Analysis Review policies, procedures, and codes related to hazards Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.3 Hazard(s) Addressed All Estimated Cost $10,000 Potential Funding General Fund Timeline 1 year Priority Medium Lead Agency Student Life Department Status Ongoing. This is a continual process.

Mass Casualty Plan Analysis Implement a mass casualty plan. This is a part of the Emergency Management and Communication Plan. Goal/Objective Goal 4, Objective 4.1 Hazard(s) Addressed All Estimated Cost $10,000 Potential Funding General Fund Timeline Ongoing Priority Medium Lead Agency Campus Safety Department Status Ongoing. This is a continual process.

Remove Asbestos from Campus Analysis Remove asbestos from campus Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.1 Hazard(s) Addressed Hazardous Materials, Human Disease

College Participant Section CEN-277 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Remove Asbestos from Campus Estimated Cost $200,000 Potential Funding General Fund Timeline Ongoing Priority Medium Lead Agency Campus Safety Department Status Ongoing. Currently 80% complete.

Tree Planting Analysis Tree planting program on campus Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.1 Hazard(s) Addressed Flooding, landslides Estimated Cost $5,000 Potential Funding General Fund Timeline 1 year Priority Low Lead Agency Facilities Management Status Ongoing. FP&M continually monitors the existing trees and removes/replaces as necessary.

Safe Rooms Analysis Construct public safe rooms on campus Goal/Objective Goal 1, Objective 1.1 Hazard(s) Addressed Thunderstorms and Lightning, Tornadoes Estimated Cost $2,500,000 Potential Funding Grant funding, general fund Timeline 5+ years Priority Low Lead Agency Campus Safety Status Not yet started. Need to develop plan.

Campus Evacuation Plan Analysis Develop/update/publicize campus evacuation plan Goal/Objective Goal 4, Objective 4.1 Hazard(s) Addressed All Estimated Cost $10,000 Potential Funding General Fund Timeline 2-5 years Priority Medium Lead Agency Campus Safety Status Not yet started

Designation of Shelters Analysis Formally designate and stock campus buildings as community shelters Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.3 Hazard(s) Addressed All

CEN-278 College Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Designation of Shelters Estimated Cost $20,000 Potential Funding Not applicable Timeline 2-5 years Priority Medium Lead Agency Campus Safety Status Not yet started

Sprinkler System Analysis Install/complete full sprinkler system Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.1 Hazard(s) Addressed Urban Fire Estimated Cost $1,000,000 Potential Funding General Fund Timeline 2-5 years Priority Medium Lead Agency Facilities Management Status Not yet started

Harden Buildings Analysis Harden Information Technology Data Rooms Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.1 Hazard(s) Addressed Severe Winter Storms, Thunderstorms and Lightning, Tornadoes Estimated Cost $1,000,000 Potential Funding General Fund Timeline 5+ years Priority Medium Lead Agency Campus Safety Status Not yet started

Storm Water Control Analysis Install alternative or sustainable storm water control options such as buffer strips, bioswales, or rain gardens Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.1 Hazard(s) Addressed Flooding, Severe Thunderstorms Estimated Cost $100,000 Potential Funding Grant Funding, General Fund Timeline 5+ years Priority Medium Lead Agency Facilities Management Status On going

Backflow Devices Analysis Install backflow devices Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.1

College Participant Section CEN-279 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Backflow Devices Hazard(s) Addressed Flooding, Severe Thunderstorms Estimated Cost $100,000 Potential Funding General Fund Timeline 2-5 years Priority High Lead Agency Facilities Management Status On going

Alternative Energy Sources Analysis Design and implement alternative energy sources (2 megawatt generator) Goal/Objective Goal 6, Objective 6.1 Hazard(s) Addressed Severe Thunderstorm, Severe Winter Storm, Tornado Estimated Cost $5,000,000 Potential Funding General Fund Timeline 5+ years Priority Low Lead Agency Facilities Management Status Not yet started

Lightning Protection Analysis Provide lightning detection and notification for all of campus Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.1 Hazard(s) Addressed Thunderstorms and Lightning Estimated Cost $250,000 Potential Funding Grant funding, general fund Timeline 2-5 years Priority Medium Lead Agency Facilities Management Status Not yet started

Handicap Facilities Analysis Make all campus facilities handicap accessible Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.1 Hazard(s) Addressed All Hazards Estimated Cost $3,000,000 Potential Funding General Fund Timeline 5+ years Priority High Lead Agency Facilities Management Status Not yet started

Pave Streets Analysis Pave existing streets Goal/Objective Goal 4, Objective

CEN-280 College Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Pave Streets Hazard(s) Addressed Transportation Incidents Estimated Cost $250,000 Potential Funding Grant Funding, Cost Share, General Fund Timeline 5+ years Priority Low Lead Agency Facilities Management Status Not yet started

Safe Room Design Education Analysis Provide safe room design education Goal/Objective Goal 3, Objective 3.1 Hazard(s) Addressed Thunderstorms and Lightning, Tornadoes Estimated Cost $2,500 Potential Funding General Fund Timeline 5+ years Priority Medium Lead Agency Campus Safety Status Not yet started

Improve Water and Sewer Lines Analysis Replace, expand, or improve water and sewer lines Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.1 Hazard(s) Addressed Infrastructure Failures Estimated Cost $250,000 Potential Funding Grant Funding, General Fund Timeline 2-5 years Priority Medium Lead Agency Facilities Management Status Not yet started

Hazmat Emergency Plan Analysis Review/update hazardous materials emergency plan Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.2 Hazard(s) Addressed Hazardous Materials Estimated Cost $5,000 Potential Funding General Fund Timeline 2-5 years Priority High Lead Agency Campus Safety Status Not yet started

Oil spill containment Analysis Develop and implement oil spill containment plan and system for heating plant. Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.2

College Participant Section CEN-281 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Oil spill containment Hazard(s) Addressed Hazardous Materials Estimated Cost $5,000 Potential Funding General Fund Timeline 2-5 years Priority High Lead Agency Campus Safety Status Not yet started

REMOVED MITIGATION PROJECTS

Emergency Operations Center Analysis Maintain emergency operations center with 24-hour capacity Reason for Removal Not applicable

CEN-282 College Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

PARTICIPANT SECTION FOR KNOXVILLE COMMUNITY SCHOOL DISTRICT

Marion County Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2016

Knoxville School District Participant Section KCSD-283 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

SCHOOL DISTRICT PROFILE

LOCATION, SERVICES, AND ADMINISTRATION The Knoxville Community School District is a rural school district located in the City of Knoxville, Marion County, in south central Iowa. Knoxville is located 40 miles southeast of Des Moines. The population of Knoxville, per a 2014 Census Bureau estimate, is 7,244

The school district offices are located at Knoxville. The district is comprised of four schools: West Elementary, Northstar Elementary, Knoxville Middle School, and Knoxville High School. The district’s website is http://www.knoxville.k12.ia.us.

The Superintendent of Knoxville is Cassi Murra-Pearson. The President of the School Board is Leslie Miller, and the board has five members. One of the district’s beliefs is for each school to “provide a safe, supportive, disciplined learning environment.”

PLANNING PROCESS AND COMMITTEE

Knoxville CSD participated in the development of this hazard mitigation plan to protect its students, personnel, facilities, and resources from the risks posed by all hazards. A representative from the district attended every public meeting, met with members of the planning team, completed all hazard identification and project identification worksheets, engaged the public in the planning process, and assisted with coordination between departments and with data analysis.

The following people were heavily involved in the development of the district’s Participant Section:

Table KCS.1: Knoxville CSD Participant Section Contributors Name Title Department / Organization Cassi Murra-Pearson Superintendent Knoxville Community School District Jeff Anderson Director Marion County Emergency Management Jeff Henson Senior Planner, Project Manager JEO Consulting Group, Inc. John Brennan Planner, Project Coordinator JEO Consulting Group, Inc.

KCSD-284 Knoxville School District Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

DEMOGRAPHICS There are 1,780 students enrolled in the district. Per the district’s website, the district employs about 288 employees, including 139 teachers, 9 administrators, and 142 staff. The schools serve the following grades and number of students:

Table KCS.2: Grades Served and Number of Students at the Knoxville Community School District School Grades Served Students West Elementary Preschool through 1st 364 Northstar Elementary 2nd through 5th 518 Knoxville Middle School 6th through 8th 317 Knoxville High School 9th through 12th 527

The median family income in Knoxville, Iowa is $41,958, but 23 percent of Knoxville families with related children under 18 years of age are below the federal poverty line, or 234 families. Ninety-seven percent of Knoxville residents are white, one percent are biracial or multiracial, and less than one percent are Asian- American, or African-American.

CRITICAL FACILITIES The school district currently operates four schools. The facilities for each school are listed below, along with the facility’s address, original construction date, the date of any renovations, the valuation for the facility, the number of students and staff housed in the facility, notice of whether a facility is located in a 100-year-floodplain, nature any damage to the facility, the presence of a safe room for tornadoes.

Table KCS.3: Critical Facilities Number Critical Facility 1 West Elementary 2 Northstar Elementary 3 Knoxville Middle School 4 Knoxville High School 5 Bus Barn 6 Maintenance Office 7 Administrative Office

Knoxville School District Participant Section KCSD-285 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Figure KCS.1: Knoxville Public Schools Critical Facilities

KCSD-286 Knoxville School District Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Critical Facility #1: West Elementary School West Elementary School Address 306 S. Park Lane Original Construction Date 1960 Date of Renovations 1979, 2016 Number of Students 364 Number of Staff 56 Sited in 100-Year-Floodplain? No Tornado Safe Room Present? No

Critical Facility #2: Northstar Elementary School Northstar Elementary Address 407 W. Larson Original Construction Date 1960 Date of Renovations 1979, 1995, 2005 Number of Students 518 Number of Staff 70 Sited in 100-Year-Floodplain? No Tornado Safe Room Present? No

Critical Facility #3: Knoxville Middle School School Knoxville Middle School Address 102 N. Lincoln Original Construction Date 1952 Date of Renovations 1959, 1970, 1995, 2005 Number of Students 371 Number of Staff 60 Sited in 100-Year-Floodplain? No Tornado Safe Room Present? No

Critical Facility #4: Knoxville High School- just south of 6 School Knoxville High School Address 1811 West Madison St Original Construction Date 1995 Date of Renovations 2013 Number of Students 527 Number of Staff 74 Sited in 100-Year-Floodplain? No Tornado Safe Room Present? No

Knoxville School District Participant Section KCSD-287 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

RISK ASSESSMENT

The hazards of top concern that were identified by Knoxville Community Schools through this process include tornados, transportation incidents, severe winter storms, human diseases, extreme heat, severe thunderstorms, and terrorism. The hazard mitigation projects designated as high priorities by the district include a tornado safe room.

Table 81 details the district’s risk assessment by hazard. It indicates whether the district’s critical facilities have ever experienced a previous hazard; the annual probability of the hazard occurring within the district’s jurisdiction; and a summary of concerns regarding the hazard mentioned by planning committee members.

Table KCS.4: Knoxville CSD Risk Assessment Concerns Hazard Previous Occurrence? Local Losses Mentioned Agricultural Animal Disease No N/A None Agricultural Plant Disease No N/A None Chemical Spills (Fixed Site) No N/A None Chemical Spills (Transportation) No N/A None Minor issues with Future issues with Civil Disorder Yes students, students Dam Failure No N/A None Drought No N/A None Earthquakes No N/A None School closings, Future school Extreme Heat Yes cancelled extra- closings, heat stroke, curricular events heat related injuries Flooding No N/A None Grass/Wildfires No N/A None Minor vehicle Future damages to Hail Yes damages, minor vehicles and structural damages structures Potential for structural High Winds Yes Some tree damages damages Landslides No N/A None Levee Failure No N/A None Future flooding Minor flooding, Severe Thunderstorms Yes events, potential for lightning damages lightning damage Dangerous Severe Winter Storms Yes roadways, freezing Dangerous roadways temperatures Tornados No N/A None Potential for bus Transportation Incidents No None damages Urban Fire No N/A None

For more information regarding these area-wide hazards, please see Section Four: Risk Assessment. The following provide specific information reported in Knoxville CSD’s Risk Assessment Summary, which is relevant to each hazard.

KCSD-288 Knoxville School District Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

When presented with a list of hazards for the Iowa Hazard Mitigation Plan, the Knoxville Community School District identified tornados, transportation incidents, terrorism, extreme heat, human disease, and severe winter storms as top concerns.

TORNADO Tornados are a top concern for the community based on how prone the area as a whole is to tornadic events. Presently, in areas of the school district, students seek refuge in safe places in different buildings. However, the school district is currently working on obtaining funding for a safe room at the Knoxville High School. The school district has applied for grants for this objective. Any approved safe room would be a shared resource between the school district and the community.

TRANSPORTATION INCIDENTS The top concern for a transportation incident is related to a school bus. While the Knoxville Community School District has not previously had a transportation incident, an event of this nature could be detrimental. Of highest concern is Highway 14.

To mitigate against lasting impacts of a transportation incident, bus drivers participate in annual training, and the school district works to improve roadway conditions. Also, bus drivers participate in evacuation drills on a rolling basis.

TERRORISM The Knoxville Community School District has had multiple bomb threats in the past, specifically, three bomb threats in 2014. These past threats have been made by students. In order to mitigate against lasting impacts from terrorist events, the school has worked to host awareness training for staff. The school has also developed a crisis plan for both suicide and shelter-in-place protocol. At the Knoxville elementary school, the administration is working to remodel the entrance for increased security.

EXTREME HEAT Extreme heat is a top concern because the only school in the district with air conditioning is the high school. Annually, it is common to have multiple days cancelled annually due to heat. To mitigate against lasting impacts from extreme heat events, the school has developed heat plans with different responses for heat thresholds.

Often, extracurricular activities are a top concern for the school district, because notification becomes more difficult after classes have ended for the day.

HUMAN DISEASE The local planning team indicated that in any school with close to 1,800 students, epidemics may be a concern for the school district. While the school district has not had a significant event previously, the school has had events in which more than 10 percent of the school was not able to come to school, likely due to the flu. In these circumstances, it is required that the school report these events to the Iowa Department of Public Health. No severe epidemics have occurred however.

In order to prepare for the threat of human disease at the Knoxville Community School District, the school district teaches students to cover their mouths when they cough, or to stay home with a fever. Additionally, when a localized infection appears to be going around, the maintenance staff is instructed that additional sanitizing will be necessary. All students are required to have basic immunizations, or to have a waiver stating that they are objectors to immunization, for religious or other reasons. According to the local planning team, over 99 percent of students in the school district are immunized. For further preparedness

Knoxville School District Participant Section KCSD-289 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan measures, the school has a crisis plan, which outlines exactly what actions are appropriate for a given type of disease outbreak.

SEVERE WINTER STORM Severe winter storm is a top concern due to snow/ice on power lines, providing a concern of power outages, the local planning team is also highly concerned about student transportation issues, and the clearing of parking lots. In the past, the school district has experienced roof damages as a result of severe winter storms. Plans are currently in place for notifications in the case of a school cancellation, which occurs at least once per year.

PLAN INTEGRATION Knoxville CSD maintains an Emergency Management Plan which was last updated in the 2015-2016 school year. The plan outlines the chain of command for crisis situations, communication procedures during an emergency, crisis management procedures, safety precautions and emergency preparedness measures, and building security procedures. The crisis management section of this plan outlines the procedures for managing the following events:

 Evacuation/Relocation  Hostage  Location  Intruder  Reverse Evacuation  Media Inquiry  Severe Weather Shelter  Medical Emergency  Shelter In-Place  Severe Weather  Student Reunification/Release  Sexual Assault  Assault  Armed Assailant  Bomb Threat  Suicide Threat/Attempt  Demonstration/ Student Unrest  Suspicious Package  Fire  Threat  Hazardous Materials  Weapons

The district’s superintendent would be the main actor in overseeing the implementation of mitigation actions in school facilities. The district’s efforts to educate its staff, students, and the community about its preparedness plans and emergency procedures include learning opportunities during staff meeting, student assemblies and newsletter articles.

Mitigation actions will be incorporated into annual budgets as opportunities allow. Annual budgets allow for ongoing maintenance of infrastructure and maintaining critical assets.

KCSD-290 Knoxville School District Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

MITIGATION STRATEGY

COMPLETED MITIGATION ACTIONS

Full Review of Policy, Procedure, Codes Description To ensure that all policy, procedure and codes are enabling the best possible route to mitigation, schedule a review with all local officials. Status Completed Hazard(s) Addressed All Hazards Estimated Cost $25,000 Funding General Fund Timeline 1 year Priority High Lead Agency Knoxville CSD

Place Law Enforcement Officers in Schools Description In order to maintain order in schools, place law enforcement officers stationed in schools. Status Completed Hazard(s) Addressed Civil Disorder Estimated Cost N/A Priority High Lead Agency Knoxville Police Department, Knoxville CSD

ONGOING AND NEW MITIGATION ACTIONS

Adopt/Promote Terrorism Response Plan Description In order to prepare for a potential terrorism threat, develop a terrorism response plan. Status In Progress, 75% complete Hazard(s) Addressed Terrorism, Civil Disorder Estimated Cost $2,500 Funding General Fund Timeline 1 year Priority High Lead Agency Fire Department Staff, Knoxville CSD Superintendent

Alternate Bus Routes and Plans for Road Closures Description Develop safe routes for busses in the case of a Status In Progress, 80% complete Hazard(s) Addressed Severe Winter Storms, Severe Thunderstorms Estimated Cost $2,500 Funding General Fund Timeline 1 year Priority High Lead Agency Fire Department Staff, Knoxville CSD Superintendent’s Office

Knoxville School District Participant Section KCSD-291 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Construct Public Safe Rooms in School and School Property Description To protect students and staff during high wind events or tornados, construct public safe rooms in/near schools. Status Not Yet Started Hazard(s) Addressed Tornados, High Winds Estimated Cost $500,000 Funding PPEL, SAVE, Bonds Timeline 2-5 years Priority High Lead Agency Knoxville CSD Superintendent’s Office, Fire Department Staff

Develop Annual Leadership Awareness Campaign about the Plan Description In order to encourage lasting passion for mitigation, develop a leadership awareness campaign for mitigation techniques. Status In progress, 50% complete Hazard(s) Addressed All Hazards Estimated Cost $2,500 Funding General Fund Timeline 1 year Priority High Lead Agency Knoxville CSD Superintendent’s Office

Emergency Response Guidebooks in Key School Buildings Description To assist with evacuation and other response protocol, develop and distribute emergency response guides Status In progress, 75% Hazard(s) Addressed All Hazards Estimated Cost $1,000 Funding General Fund Timeline 1 year Priority High Lead Agency Knoxville CSD Superintendent’s Office

Formally Designate and Stock School Buildings as Community Shelters Description In order to protect citizens in an impact and post-impact environment, designate school buildings as community shelters. Status In progress, 50% complete Hazard(s) Addressed All hazards Estimated Cost $20,000 Funding General Fund Timeline 1 year Priority High Lead Agency Knoxville CSD Superintendent’s Office

Full Sprinkler System Description Install a full sprinkler system, especially in areas where vulnerable populations spend time (schools, nursing homes, hospitals) Status Not started Hazard(s) Addressed Urban Fire Estimated Cost $1,000 Funding PPEL, SAVE, Bond Timeline 5+ years Priority High

KCSD-292 Knoxville School District Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Lead Agency Knoxville CSD Superintendent’s Office

Improve Public Awareness of Hazard Risks- Dispense Print Materials Description Dispense hazard materials to residents, in order to increase awareness of hazards. Status In progress, 50% complete Hazard(s) Addressed All Hazards Estimated Cost $5,000 Funding None Timeline 1 year Priority High Lead Agency Knoxville CSD Superintendent’s Office

Investigate Safe Room Retrofits into Critical Assets/Facilities Description Work to provide protection in areas vulnerable to high wind events. Especially consider vulnerable populations, such as hospitals, schools, and nursing homes. Status Not Started Hazard(s) Addressed High Estimated Cost $500,000 Funding PPEL, SAVE, Bonds Timeline 5+ years Priority High Lead Agency Knoxville CSD Superintendent’s Office

Investigate and Implement Alternative Energy Sources Description In order to improve resiliency of the department, investigate the feasibility of using alternative energy sources. Status Ongoing, 90% complete Hazard(s) Addressed All Hazards Estimated Cost Sliding scale Funding General Fund Timeline 2-5 years Priority High Lead Agency Knoxville Superintendent’s Office

Lightning Protection of Tall Buildings and Towers Description Protect all tall buildings and towers with lightning rods. Status In progress Hazard(s) Addressed Severe Thunderstorm Estimated Cost $10,000 Funding General Fund Timeline 1 year Priority High Lead Agency Knoxville CSD Superintendent’s Office

School Participates in an Emergency Operations Plan Description Work to include the school in an emergency operations plan. Status In progress, 75% Hazard(s) Addressed All Hazards Estimated Cost $2,500 Funding General Fund Timeline 1 year Priority High Lead Agency Knoxville CSD Superintendent’s Office

Knoxville School District Participant Section KCSD-293 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Tree Trimming Programs on School Property Description In order to prevent damages from trees during high wind events or winter storms, trim trees in advance of hazard events. Status Complete Hazard(s) Addressed Severe Winter Storms, High Winds, Severe Thunderstorms, Tornados Estimated Cost $500 Priority High Lead Agency Knoxville CSD’s Office

REMOVED MITIGATION ACTIONS

No actions were removed from the previous plan.

KCSD-294 Knoxville School District Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

PARTICIPANT SECTION FOR MELCHER-DALLAS COMMUNITY SCHOOLS

Marion County Hazard Mitigation Plan 2016

Melcher-Dallas School District Participant Section MDS-295 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

MELCHER-DALLAS SCHOOL DISTRICT PROFILE

LOCATION, SERVICES, AND ADMINISTRATION The Melcher-Dallas Community Schools District is a rural school district located in the City of Melcher- Dallas, Marion County, in south central Iowa. Melcher-Dallas is located 40 miles southwest of Des Moines. The population of Melcher-Dallas, per a 2014 Census Bureau estimate, is 1,276.

The school district offices are located at 214 South Main, Melcher-Dallas, Iowa, 50163. The district is comprised of 2 schools: Melcher-Dallas Elementary School, and Melcher-Dallas Junior-Senior High School. The district’s website is http://mdcsd-ia.schoolloop.com/.

The interim superintendent of MDCSD is Delane Galvin. The President of the School Board is Bob Lepley, and the board has 5 members.

Mitigation actions will be incorporated into annual budgets as opportunities allow. Annual budgets allow for ongoing maintenance of infrastructure and maintaining critical assets.

PLANNING PROCESS AND COMMITTEE

MDCS participated in the development of this hazard mitigation plan to protect its students, personnel, facilities, and resources from the risks posed by all hazards. A representative from the district attended every public meeting, met with members of the planning team, completed all hazard identification and project identification worksheets, engaged the public in the planning process, and assisted with coordination between departments and with data analysis.

The following people were heavily involved in the development of the district’s Participant Section:

Table MDC.1: MDCS Participant Section Contributors Name Title Department / Organization Jeff Anderson Emergency Manager Marion County Emergency Management Randy Alger Superintendent Melcher-Dallas CSD Jeff Henson Senior Planner, Project Manager JEO Consulting Group, Inc. John Brennan Planning Intern JEO Consulting Group, Inc.

MDS-296 Melcher-Dallas School District Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

DEMOGRAPHICS There are 327 students enrolled in MDCS. Per the district’s website, the district employees about 31 employees, including 29 teachers and 4 administrators. The schools serve the following grades and number of students:

Table MDC.2: Grades Served and Number of Students at Melcher-Dallas Community Schools School Grades Served Students Melcher-Dallas Elementary 1st Grade- 6th Grade 177 Melcher-Dallas Junior-High 7th Grade- 12th Grade 129

Per 2013 Census Bureau estimates, there are 357 families in Melcher-Dallas. Per the same estimates, nine percent of the city’s population, or 113 residents, are under 5 years of age; and about 226 children, or 18 percent of residents, are age 17 or younger.

The median household income in Melcher-Dallas is $41,618 but about 16 percent of Melcher-Dallas families with related children under 18 years of age are below the federal poverty line. Ninety-nine percent of Melcher-Dallas residents are white, and less than one percent respectively are American Indian or biracial.

According to the Iowa Department of Education, the school has 0 students with a limited understanding of English. Over 45% of the students at the school district utilizes a free or reduced lunch program to help pay for meals.

CRITICAL FACILITIES The school district currently operates two schools. The facilities for each school are listed below, along with the facility’s address, original construction date, the date of any renovations, the valuation for the facility, the number of students and staff housed in the facility, notice of whether a facility is located in a 100-year-floodplain, nature any damage to the facility, the presence of a safe room for tornadoes.

Melcher-Dallas School District Participant Section MDS-297 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Figure MDC.1: Melcher-Dallas Schools Critical Facilities

MDS-298 Melcher-Dallas School District Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Table 13: Melcher-Dallas High School School Melcher-Dallas High School Address 214 S. Main St, Melcher-Dallas, IA 50163 Number of Students 177 Number of Staff 25 Sited in 100-Year-Floodplain? No Tornado Safe Room Present? No

Table 14: Melcher-Dallas Elementary School School Melcher-Dallas Elementary School Address 1003 Park St, Dallas, IA 50062 Number of Students 129 Number of Staff 21 Sited in 100-Year-Floodplain? No Tornado Safe Room Present? No

RISK ASSESSMENT

The hazards of top concern that were identified by MDCS through this process include hazardous materials, severe winter storms, and tornados. The hazard mitigation projects designated as high priorities by the district include installing safe rooms, hardening communication equipment and investing in backup generators, among other objectives.

Table 87 details the district’s risk assessment by hazard. It indicates whether the district’s critical facilities have ever experienced a previous hazard; the annual probability of the hazard occurring within the district’s jurisdiction; and a summary of concerns regarding the hazard mentioned by planning committee members.

Table MDC.3: MDCS District Risk Assessment PREVIOUS SPECIFIC CONCERNS HAZARD TYPE OCCURRENCE LOCAL LOSSES IDENTIFIED Yes/No

Animal/Crop/Plant Disease No No No Dam Failure No No No Drought Yes No No Earthquake No No No Expansive Soils No No No Extreme Heat Yes No No No Flash Flooding Yes No Grass and Wildland Fires No No Yes Hailstorms Yes No Yes Hazardous Materials No No No Human Disease No No No Infrastructure Failure No No Yes Landslide No No No

Melcher-Dallas School District Participant Section MDS-299 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Levee Failure No No No River Flooding No No No Severe Winter Storms No No No Sinkholes No No No Thunderstorms and Lightning Yes No Yes Tornadoes Yes No Yes Transportation Incidents No No No Windstorms Yes No No

For more information regarding area wide hazards, please see Section Four: Risk Assessment. The following provides community specific information, reported in Melcher-Dallas Schools’ Risk Assessment Summary, that is relevant to the hazards which the community identified as top concerns.

HAZARDOUS MATERIALS Previously, no hazardous material events have occurred in Melcher-Dallas. However, many hazardous materials are transported by both highway and rail lines, which run near the schools. County highway G- 76 runs just south of town, and County Highway S-45 bisects the center of town from north to south. Additionally, a Union Pacific railroad runs through the community, within two blocks of Melcher-Dallas High School.

Should a hazardous materials event occur, the school would follow a shelter-in-place protocol, and await further instructions from local responders. The school intends to mitigate the lasting impacts of these hazards by creating emergency response guidebooks for teachers.

SEVERE WINTER STORMS The Melcher-Dallas School District, and City of Melcher-Dallas identified severe winter storms as a top concern for the school district. The primary concern related to severe winter storm is transportation to, and from the school, especially in icy conditions. Additionally, the school struggles with power outages during severe winter storms. To mitigate the lasting impacts of severe winter storms, the school intends to create a power failure recovery plan, and investigate creating redundant utilities.

TORNADOS The Melcher-Dallas School District identified tornados as a top concern for the school district. While the school has not been directly impacted by a tornado previously, tornados are a concern in this region for any school, or other facility housing a vulnerable population.

In order to prepare for a tornado event, the school participates in four tornado drills per year, where students practice shelter-in-place protocol. The school district is interested in using a safe-room to mitigate the lasting impacts of a tornado, but this action is presently cost-prohibitive without the assistance of grant funding.

MDS-300 Melcher-Dallas School District Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

PLAN INTEGRATION MDCS maintains a Crisis Plan, which addresses all of the hazards Melcher-Dallas Schools is prone to. Hazards addressed in the plan include terrorism threats, bomb threats, intruders, and active shooters. The plan, presently is being reviewed by all staff, with the superintendent. After the update to come, it is the intention of the school district to review and update the information annually. The school district also intends to work with the Marion County Sheriff’s Department, to conduct regular ALICE (active shooter trainings).

Any future updates of the Crisis Plan should include goals and objectives outlined in this Hazard Mitigation Plan.

Mitigation actions will be incorporated into annual budgets as opportunities allow. Annual budgets allow for ongoing maintenance of infrastructure and maintaining critical assets.

MITIGATION ACTIONS

Completed Mitigation Projects

None reported.

Ongoing/New Mitigation Projects

Terrorism Response Plan Analysis Establish and promote terrorism response plan Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.2 Hazard(s) Addressed Terrorism Estimated Cost $5,000 Potential Funding State grants Timeline 2-5 years Priority High Lead Agency Superintendent, Elementary Principal, Elementary Secretary, Jr/Sr High Secretary, Activities Director, Curriculum Director Status Not yet started

Safe Rooms Analysis Construct safe rooms in schools and school property Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.1 Hazard(s) Addressed Thunderstorms and Lightning, Tornadoes Benefits Ensures the safety of students and staff during extreme thunderstorms Estimated Cost $250,000 Potential Funding County and district funds Timeline Medium Priority 5+ years Lead Agency Superintendent, Elementary Principal, Elementary Secretary, Jr/Sr High Secretary, Activities Director, Curriculum Director Status Not yet started

Melcher-Dallas School District Participant Section MDS-301 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Awareness of Plan Analysis Development annual leadership awareness campaign about hazard plan Goal/Objective Goal 3, Objective 3.1 Hazard(s) Addressed All Estimated Cost $1,000 Potential Funding District funds Timeline 2-5 years Priority Medium Lead Agency Superintendent, Elementary Principal, Elementary Secretary, Jr/Sr High Secretary, Activities Director, Curriculum Director Status Not yet started

Power Failure Recovery Plan Analysis Develop recovery plan for power failure Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.2 Hazard(s) Addressed Infrastructure Failure Estimated Cost $5,000 Potential Funding District and local fire department funds Timeline 2-5 years Priority Low Lead Agency Superintendent, Elementary Principal, Elementary Secretary, Jr/Sr High Secretary, Activities Director, Curriculum Director Status Not yet started

Volunteer Base Analysis Develop base of trained groups of standby volunteers Goal/Objective Goal 4, Objective 4.1 Hazard(s) Addressed All Estimated Cost $2,500 Potential Funding Local fire department and fire responders Timeline 2-5 years Priority Medium Lead Agency Fire chief Status Not yet started

Designation of Shelters Analysis Formally designate and stock school buildings as community shelters Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.2 Hazard(s) Addressed All Estimated Cost $20,000 Potential Funding District funds Timeline 2-5 years Priority Medium Lead Agency Superintendent, Elementary Principal, Elementary Secretary, Jr/Sr High Secretary, Activities Director, Curriculum Director Status Not yet started

MDS-302 Melcher-Dallas School District Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Harden School Buildings Analysis Harden school buildings Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.2 Hazard(s) Addressed Severe Winter Storms, Thunderstorms and Lightning, Tornadoes Estimated Cost $100,000 Potential Funding District funds Timeline 5+ years Priority Medium Lead Agency Superintendent, Elementary Principal, Elementary Secretary, Jr/Sr High Secretary, Activities Director, Curriculum Director Status Not yet started

Public Awareness of Hazard Risks Analysis Dispense materials to promote public awareness of hazard risks Goal/Objective Goal 3, Objective 3.1 Hazard(s) Addressed All Estimated Cost $1,000 Potential Funding District, fire, and first responder funds Timeline 2-5 years Priority Medium Lead Agency Superintendent, Elementary Principal, Elementary Secretary, Jr/Sr High Secretary, Activities Director, Curriculum Director Status Not yet started

Safe Room Retrofits Analysis Integrate safe room retrofits into critical assets and facilities Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.2 Hazard(s) Addressed Thunderstorms and Lightning, Tornadoes Estimated Cost $250,000 Potential Funding District, county, and state funds Timeline 5+ years Priority Medium Lead Agency Superintendent, Elementary Principal, Elementary Secretary, Jr/Sr High Secretary, Activities Director, Curriculum Director Status Not yet started

Melcher-Dallas School District Participant Section MDS-303 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Alternative Energy Sources Analysis Design and implement alternative energy sources Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.2 Hazard(s) Addressed Prolonged Power Outage Estimated Cost Will vary based on Potential Funding District funds Timeline 5+ years Priority Medium Lead Agency Superintendent, Elementary Principal, Elementary Secretary, Jr/Sr High Secretary, Activities Director, Curriculum Director Status Not yet started

Safe Room Design Education Analysis Provide safe room design education Goal/Objective Goal 3, Objective 3.1 Hazard(s) Addressed Thunderstorms and Lightning, Tornadoes Estimated Cost $1,000 Potential Funding District funds Timeline 5+ years Priority Low Lead Agency Superintendent, Elementary Principal, Elementary Secretary, Jr/Sr High Secretary, Activities Director, Curriculum Director Status Not yet started

Harden Communications Equipment Analysis Provide new, modernize, and/or harden existing district and personal communications equipment Goal/Objective Goal 4, Objective 4.1 Hazard(s) Addressed All Estimated Cost $50,000 Potential Funding District funds Timeline 5+ years Priority Low Lead Agency Superintendent, Elementary Principal, Elementary Secretary, Jr/Sr High Secretary, Activities Director, Curriculum Director Status Not yet started

Standby Pumps and Generators Analysis Purchase standby pumps and generators Goal/Objective Goal 4, Objective 4.1 Hazard(s) Addressed Flash Flooding, River Flooding Estimated Cost $10,000 Potential Funding District, fire, and fire responder funds Timeline 2-5 years Priority High

MDS-304 Melcher-Dallas School District Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Standby Pumps and Generators Lead Agency Superintendent, Elementary Principal, Elementary Secretary, Jr/Sr High Secretary, Activities Director, Curriculum Director Status Not yet started

Backup Generators Analysis Purchase and install backup fixed power generators Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.1 Hazard(s) Addressed Severe Winter Storms, Thunderstorms and Lightning, Tornadoes Estimated Cost $25,000 Potential Funding District, fire, and fire responder funds Timeline 2-5 years Priority High Lead Agency Superintendent, Elementary Principal, Elementary Secretary, Jr/Sr High Secretary, Activities Director, Curriculum Director Status Not yet started

Redundant Utilities Analysis Establish redundant water, sewer, electric, and gas systems Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.1 Hazard(s) Addressed Infrastructure Failure Benefits Ensures continuity of utility service during public emergencies Estimated Cost $100,000 Potential Funding District and city council Timeline 5+ years Priority Medium Lead Agency Superintendent, Elementary Principal, Elementary Secretary, Jr/Sr High Secretary, Activities Director, Curriculum Director Status Not yet started

Security Cameras & Lighting Analysis Develop and maintain security at applicable assets (surveillance cameras, lighting) Goal/Objective Goal 3, Objective 3.1 Hazard(s) Addressed Terrorism Benefits Better ensures security against unauthorized persons on campus Estimated Cost $10,000 Potential Funding District funds Timeline 2-5 years Priority Medium Lead Agency Superintendent, Elementary Principal, Elementary Secretary, Jr/Sr High Secretary, Activities Director, Curriculum Director Status Ongoing. 20 percent complete.

Melcher-Dallas School District Participant Section MDS-305 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

School Evacuation Plan Analysis Develop/update/publicize school evacuation plan Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.2 Hazard(s) Addressed All Benefits Ensures the safe and prompt evacuation as needed of students and staff Estimated Cost $2,000 Potential Funding District funds Timeline 1 year Priority High Lead Agency Superintendent, Elementary Principal, Elementary Secretary, Jr/Sr High Secretary, Activities Director, Curriculum Director Status Ongoing. 50 percent complete.

Emergency Response Guidebooks Analysis Provide emergency response guidebooks in key school buildings and vehicles Goal/Objective Goal 4, Objective 4.1 Hazard(s) Addressed All Benefits Ensures staff awareness of emergency procedures Estimated Cost $1,000 Potential Funding District, fire, and first responder funds Timeline 1 year Priority High Lead Agency Superintendent, Elementary Principal, Elementary Secretary, Jr/Sr High Secretary, Activities Director, Curriculum Director Status Ongoing. 20 percent complete.

Policies, Procedures, and Codes Analysis Review policies, procedures, and codes related to hazards Goal/Objective Goal 4, Objective 4.1 Hazard(s) Addressed All Benefits Ensures up-to-date and coordinated hazard-related school district policies, procedures, and codes Estimated Cost $10,000 Potential Funding District, fire, and first responder funds Timeline 2-5 years Priority Medium Lead Agency Superintendent, Elementary Principal, Elementary Secretary, Jr/Sr High Secretary, Activities Director, Curriculum Director Status Ongoing. 20 percent complete.

Removed Mitigation Projects

None reported.

MDS-306 Melcher-Dallas School District Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

PARTICIPANT SECTION FOR PELLA CHRISTIAN SCHOOLS

Marion County Hazard Mitigation Plan

Pella Christian Schools Participant Section PCS- 307 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

SCHOOL DISTRICT PROFILE

PLANNING PROCESS AND COMMITTEE

Pella Christian High School participated in the development of this hazard mitigation plan to protect its students, personnel, facilities, and resources from the risks posed by all hazards. A representative from the district attended every public meeting, met with members of the planning team, completed all hazard identification and project identification worksheets, engaged the public in the planning process, and assisted with coordination between departments and with data analysis.

The following people were heavily involved in the development of the district’s Participant Section:

Table PCS.1: Pella Christian Local Planning Team Name School Position Clyde Rinsema Pella Christian High School Interim Principal Craig Juffer Pella Christian Grade School Head of Teaching and Learning

LOCATION, SERVICES, AND ADMINISTRATION Pella Christian High School is a private, Christian institution located in the City of Pella, in Marion County, in south central Iowa. Pella is located 42 miles southeast of Des Moines along Highway 163, about five miles east of Lake Red Rock. The population of Pella, per a 2014 Census Bureau estimate, is 10,337. The school district offices are located at 300 Eagle Lane, Pella, Iowa, 50219. The school’s website is http://www.pceagles.org/.

Pella Christian was founded in 1939, and is accredited by the State of Iowa Department of Education. The school serves grades Preschool-12. The school offers a liberal arts education, and some Advanced Placement courses at the high school level.

DEMOGRAPHICS There are 263 students enrolled in Pella Christian High School for the 2014-2015 school year. Per the school’s website, the school employs 22 teachers, two library staff members, and an administrator. The school also employs 15 support staff. The schools serve the following grades and number of students:

Table PCS.2: Student Enrollment by Grade Level Grade Level Students Enrolled Preschool 52 Kindergarten 66 1st 47 2nd 59 3rd 50 4th 51 5th 45 6th 41 7th 41 8th 51 9th 76 10th 62 11th 73 12th 54

PCS-308 Pella Christian Schools Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

The median family income in Pella is $76,105, but about 10 percent of Pella families with related children under 18 years of age are below the federal poverty line. Ninety-six percent of Pella residents are white, two percent are Asian-American, one percent are African-American, and one percent are biracial. According to the school’s local planning team, 5 percent of students have a limited proficiency in English.

Critical Facilities The school district currently operates one school. The facilities for each school are listed below, along with the facility’s address, original construction date, the date of any renovations, the valuation for the facility, the number of students and staff housed in the facility, notice of whether a facility is located in a 100-year- floodplain, nature any damage to the facility, the presence of a safe room for tornadoes.

Table 15: Pella Christian High School School Pella Christian High School Address 300 Eagle Lane, Pella, IA 50219 Original Construction Date 2008 Building Valuation $15,000,000 Number of Students 265 Sited in 100-Year-Floodplain? No Tornado Safe Room Present? No

Table 16: Pella Christian Elementary School School Pella Christian Elementary School Address 216 Liberty St., Pella, IA 50219 Sited in 100-Year-Floodplain? No

RISK ASSESSMENT

The hazards of top concern that were identified by the school through this process include hail, high winds, severe thunderstorm, severe winter storms, and tornados. The hazard mitigation projects designated as high priorities by the school include

Table 3 details the school’s risk assessment by hazard. It indicates whether the school’s critical facilities have ever experienced a previous hazard; the annual probability of the hazard occurring within the school’s jurisdiction; and a summary of concerns regarding the hazard mentioned by planning committee members.

Table PCS.3: Pella Christian Schools Risk Assessment PREVIOUS SPECIFIC CONCERNS HAZARD TYPE OCCURRENCE LOCAL LOSSES IDENTIFIED Yes/No

Animal/Crop/Plant Disease Yes None No Dam Failure No None No Drought Yes None No Earthquake No None No

Pella Christian Schools Participant Section PCS- 309 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Expansive Soils No None No Extreme Heat Yes None No Flash Flooding Yes None No Grass and Wildland Fires No None No Hailstorm Yes None Yes Hazardous Materials No None No Human Disease Yes None No Infrastructure Failure No None No Landslide No None No Levee Failure No None No Severe Winter Storms Yes None Yes Sinkholes No None No Thunderstorms and Lightning Yes None Yes Tornadoes Yes None Yes Transportation Incidents Yes None No Windstorms Yes None Yes

The Pella Christian local planning team identified hail, high winds, severe thunderstorms, severe winter storms, and tornados as top concerns for the school.

HAIL The Pella Christian local planning team identified hail as a top priority for the school. Due to the fact that the planning team is relatively new in their roles, both within the last two years, they were not able to identify past damages due to hail events. However, the planning team was able to identify hail concerns, specifically relating to exposed windows and busses. Pella Schools has a fleet of busses which are kept outside, and may be damaged if a hail event took place. The schools are primarily made up of flat rubber roofing, which would not be a significant concern during a hail event.

The local planning team’s top concern for a hail event is the safety of its students. Specifically, those who are outside during a hail event. In the case of a hail event while students are outside, the local planning team indicated that an announcement would be made, instructing students to seek refuge inside the school. Additionally, the school’s athletic director would send a text message to all coaches, advising them of the current weather situation.

WINDSTORMS The Pella Christian local planning team identified high winds as a top priority for the school. While the local planning team was not able to provide an example for any past damages due to high winds, the local planning team did mention that certain school structures would be vulnerable to such a wind event. Specifically, the football bleachers and powerlines near the school. Pella Christian schools do not have backup generators, and would be vulnerable to a power outage, should a power line go down. This is a potential concern, especially during winter months, where electricity is often required for running the HVAC system.

Should a severe storm event occur during after school activities, an announcement would be made and students would be instructed to seek refuge in interior locations within the school buildings, additionally, the school athletic director would text coaches, advising them to bring students inside as soon as possible.

PCS-310 Pella Christian Schools Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS The Pella Christian local planning team identified severe thunderstorms as a top priority for the school. The local planning team indicated that the community experiences between three and five severe thunderstorms per year. According to the local planning team, the area of biggest concern for the school is outdoor gym classes and after school practices. The school administration utilizes internet and smart phone applications to be aware of any impending inclement weather. In the case of a severe thunderstorm, students will be called indoors to seek refuge.

The schools do not have any backup generators, and lose power approximately once a year due to a severe thunderstorm. To prevent any potential lasting impacts, the school has buried power lines leading up to the high school, the school is currently working to bury all power lines leading to the grade school.

SEVERE WINTER STORMS The Pella Christian local planning team identified severe winter storms as a top priority for the school. The planning team indicated that between eight and fifteen inches would denote a “severe” winter storm. The schools’ biggest concern for severe winter storm is the potential for incidents on roadways, especially due to drifts on gravel roads. On average, the school will close three times per year as a result of significant accumulation. While closings are typically due to accumulation, the local planning team indicated that schools have increasingly been closing due to freezing temperatures. Often, Pella Christian will take its cues from the Pella Community School District regarding school closings. An additional concern is power outages due to ice on powerlines, the school does not have a backup generator and is solely reliant on electric infrastructure for power.

Snow removal is handled by a local contractor, who does a good job regardless of snow accumulation. Further, those who remove snow in Pella do a satisfactory job, making all roadways safe in a timely fashion.

Pella Christian Schools Participant Section PCS- 311 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

TORNADOS The Pella Christian local planning team identified tornados as a top priority for the school. While the city of Pella has never experienced a tornado event, these events are common for the region as a whole. For awareness, the school utilizes weather apps, and internet to keep them aware of a potential tornado event. In the case of a tornado watch, all students are instructed to come inside, out of any potential tornado events. In the case of a tornado warning, all students are instructed to go to windowless, interior areas. At the high school, students are instructed to go into locker rooms and bathrooms, at the grade school, students are instructed to go into interior classrooms, bathrooms, and locker rooms.

PLAN INTEGRATION Pella Christian High School maintains a Faculty Handbook, which outlines the protocol for three fire drills per year, shelter in place twice a year, and two tornado drills. During these drills, teachers facilitate the safe movement of students throughout the building. In order show directions to get to safety, and to maintain order, classrooms all have posted directions to evacuation areas. The Faculty Handbook also has additional information, should the teachers need it during an evacuation. Bomb threats are discussed in the annual teacher’s meeting.

To keep all parents aware of potential concerns at the school, parents are updated with the PC text club. This is an opt-in service which parents may be alerted about concerning weather conditions, cancelling school, or other time-sensitive information.

The school’s principal would be the main actor in overseeing the implementation of mitigation actions in school facilities. The school’s efforts to educate its staff, students, and the community about its preparedness plans and emergency procedures include. It is recommended that future updates of the Faculty Handbook contain goals and objective outlined in this Hazard Mitigation Plan.

Mitigation actions will be incorporated into annual budgets as opportunities allow. Annual budgets allow for ongoing maintenance of infrastructure and maintaining critical assets.

MITIGATION ACTIONS

COMPLETED MITIGATION ACTIONS

No mitigation actions have been completed since the last planning process in 2012.

NEW/ONGOING MITIGATION ACTIONS

Storm Shelter Signage Description Improve signage for locations of emergency storm shelters. Goal/Objective Goal 3, Objective 3.1 Hazard(s) Addressed High Winds, Tornados Estimated Cost $200 Potential Funding General Fund Timeline 1 year Priority High Lead Agency Maintenance Department Locations Established safe room areas: bathrooms, locker rooms Status Not yet started

PCS-312 Pella Christian Schools Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Snow Fences Description Construct snow fences to protect main transportation routes and critical facilities from excessive snow drifting and road closure. Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.1 Hazard(s) Addressed Severe Winter Storm Estimated Cost $500 Potential Funding General Fund Timeline Completed/ Ongoing Annually Priority High Lead Agency Maintenance Deptartment Location North Side of Pella Christian High School Status Ongoing

REMOVED MITIGATION ACTIONS

No mitigation actions have been removed since the last planning process in 2012.

Pella Christian Schools Participant Section PCS- 313 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

PCS-314 Pella Christian Schools Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

PARTICIPANT SECTION FOR PELLA COMMUNITY SCHOOLS

Marion County Hazard Mitigation Plan 2016

Pella School District Participant Section PCS-315 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

SCHOOL DISTRICT PROFILE

LOCATION, SERVICES, AND ADMINISTRATION Pella Community Schools is a suburban school district located in the City of Pella, Marion County, in south central Iowa. Pella is located 42 miles southeast of Des Moines along Highway 163, about five miles east of Lake Red Rock. The population of Pella, per a 2014 Census Bureau estimate, is 10,337.

The school district offices are located at 2013 East University Street, Pella, Iowa, 50219. The district is comprised of five schools: Lincoln Elementary, Madison Elementary, Jefferson Intermediate, Pella Middle School, Pella High School, and the new Pella Career Academy. The district’s website is www.pellaschools.org.

The Superintendent of Pella Community Schools is Greg Ebeling. The President of the School Board is Joan Corbin, and the board has five members. One of the district’s goals is for each student to “practice the pillars of character in a safe learning environment.”

PLANNING PROCESS AND COMMITTEE

Pella Community Schools participated in the development of this hazard mitigation plan to protect its students, personnel, facilities, and resources from the risks posed by all hazards. A representative from the district attended every public meeting, met with members of the planning team, completed all hazard identification and project identification worksheets, engaged the public in the planning process, and assisted with coordination between departments and with data analysis.

The following people were heavily involved in the development of the district’s Participant Section:

Table PCSD.1: Pella Community Schools Participant Section Contributors Name Title Department / Organization Jeff Anderson Director Marion County Emergency Management Agency Greg Ebeling Superintendent Pella Community Schools Ryan Director of Operations Pella Community Schools Jeff Henson Senior Planner, Project Manager JEO Consulting Group, Inc. John Brennan Planner, Project Coordinator JEO Consulting Group, Inc.

PCS-316 Pella School District Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

DEMOGRAPHICS There are 2,550 students enrolled in Pella Community Schools. Per the district’s website, the district employees about 230 employees, including 180 teachers, 10 administrators, and 160 support staff. The schools serve the following grades and number of students:

Table PCSD.2: Grades Served and Number of Students at Pella Community Schools School Grades Served Students Lincoln Elementary Prekindergarten through third grade 300 Madison Elementary Preschool through third grade 550 Jefferson Intermediate Fourth through sixth 500 Pella Middle School Seventh and eighth 350 Pella High School Ninth through twelfth 700 Pella Career Academy Ninth through twelfth 150

The median family income in Pella is $76,105, but about 10 percent of Pella families with related children under 18 years of age are below the federal poverty line. Ninety-six percent of Pella residents are white, two percent are Asian-American, one percent are African-American, and one percent are biracial. Seventeen percent of students are eligible for free or reduced-priced lunches, and one percent of students have limited English proficiency.

CRITICAL FACILITIES The school district currently operates five schools, with a fifth school, Pella Career Academy, expected to open in the fall of 2015. The facilities for each school are listed below, along with the facility’s address, original construction date, the date of any renovations, the valuation for the facility, the number of students and staff housed in the facility, notice of whether a facility is located in a 100-year-floodplain, nature any damage to the facility, the presence of a safe room for tornadoes.

Table PCSD.3: Pella CSD Critical Facilities Number Name In Floodplain? 1 Pella Career Academy No 2 Pella Middle School No 3 Jefferson Intermediate No 4 Madison Elementary No 5 Lincoln Elementary No 6 Pella High School No

Pella School District Participant Section PCS-317 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Figure PCSD.1: Pella Community Schools Critical Facilities

PCS-318 Pella School District Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Table PCSD.4: Lincoln Elementary School Lincoln Elementary Address 1111 North Main Street, Pella, IA 50219 Original Construction Date 2016 Building Valuation $14,000,000 Number of Students 302 Number of Staff 56 Sited in 100-Year-Floodplain? No Tornado Safe Room Present? Yes- Lower Corridors

Table PCSD.5: Madison Elementary School Madison Elementary Address 950 East University, Pella, IA 50219 Original Construction Date 2007 Building Valuation $14,600,510 Number of Students 515 Number of Staff 109 Sited in 100-Year-Floodplain? No Tornado Safe Room Present? Yes- Hallway/Storage Rooms

Table PCSD.6: Jefferson Elementary School Jefferson Elementary Address 801 East 13th Street, Pella, IA 50219 Original Construction Date 1992 Building Valuation $12,461,183 Number of Students 508 Number of Staff 106 Sited in 100-Year-Floodplain? No Tornado Safe Room Present? Yes- Hallway/Storage Rooms

Table PCSD.7: Pella Middle School School Pella Middle School Address 613 East 13th Street, Pella, IA 50219 Original Construction Date 1975 Date of Renovations 2014 Building Valuation $12,284,124 Number of Students 355 Number of Staff 82 Sited in 100-Year-Floodplain? No Tornado Safe Room Present? Yes- Boys/Girls Locker Rooms

Pella School District Participant Section PCS-319 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Table PCSD.8: Pella High School School Pella High School Address 212 East University, Pella, IA 50219 Original Construction Date 1962 Date of Renovations 2006 Building Valuation $28,442,853 Number of Students 721 Number of Staff 139 Sited in 100-Year-Floodplain? No Tornado Safe Room Present? Yes- Boys/Girls Locker Rooms

Table PCSD.9: Pella Career Academy School Career Academy of Pella (CAP) Address 410 East 8th Street Original Construction Date 2015 Building Valuation $4,800,000 Number of Students 234 Number of Staff 7 Sited in 100-Year-Floodplain? No Tornado Safe Room Present? Yes- Downstairs Storage Rooms/ Locker Rooms

RISK ASSESSMENT

The hazards of top concern that were identified by Pella Community Schools through this process include dam failure, flash flooding, river flooding, infrastructure failure, thunderstorms & lightning, and tornados. The hazard mitigation projects designated as high priorities by the district include installing a safe room, implementing a school continuity plan, and planting trees to function as wind-breaks.

Table 10 details the district’s risk assessment by hazard. It indicates whether the district’s critical facilities have ever experienced a previous hazard; the annual probability of the hazard occurring within the district’s jurisdiction; and a summary of concerns regarding the hazard mentioned by planning committee members.

Table PCSD.10: Pella Community School District Risk Assessment PREVIOUS SPECIFIC CONCERNS HAZARD TYPE OCCURRENCE LOCAL LOSSES IDENTIFIED Yes/No

Animal/Crop/Plant Disease No None No Dam Failure* No None Yes Drought No None No Earthquake No None No Expansive Soils No None No Extreme Heat Yes None No Flooded, impassible Flash Flooding* Yes No roadways Grass or Wildland Fires No None No Hailstorm Yes None No

PCS-320 Pella School District Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Hazardous Materials No None No Human Disease No None No Infrastructure Failure* No None Yes Landslide No None No Levee Failure No None No Radiological No None No Flooded, impassible River Flooding Yes Yes roadways Slowed or impassible Severe Winter Storms Yes No roadways Sinkholes No None No Terrorism No None No Thunderstorms and Lightning* Yes None Yes Tornadoes* Yes None Yes Transportation Incidents No None No Windstorm Yes None No *Identified as a top concern

Pella School District Participant Section PCS-321 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

DAM FAILURE

Red Rock Dam is a state-owned dam located about 10 miles northeast of the City of Knoxville proper, along Lake Red Rock – a lake that’s part of the Des Moines River. According to the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Lake Red Rock entails more than 15,000 acres of water, and collects runoff and drainage from more than 12,320 square miles of land from Iowa and southern Minnesota. Red Rock Dam controls the flow of this reservoir, so a failure of this dam could be catastrophic, possibly involving mass casualties and extensive damage to property and natural resources. Pella Community Schools is concerned about the flooding that would result downstream, and possibly affect its facilities, in case of a failure of this dam.

To mitigate this hazard, Pella Community Schools is interested in addressing restricted access procedures.

FLASH FLOODING AND RIVER FLOODING

Pella Community Schools is concerned primarily with flash flooding, especially along streets that do not have storm sewers. Broadway Street, in particular, has poor storm water drainage. Per the NCDC database, in recent years, occasional storms producing flash flooding have impacted the City of Pella or its immediate outskirts since 2000. On June 10, 2011, three miles northeast of the city limits, Thunder Creek inundated 240th Place and closed the road. A deputy reported that the flooding looked like “white water rapids,” according to the NCDC database. The flooding caused $50,000 in property damage. On June 8, 2008, five miles north of town, two feet of water flowed over County Highway T-14, producing $10,000 in property damage. Because Marion County has a history of damaging flooding, it is possible that other flash flooding events that aren’t officially recorded in the NCDC database may have occurred in or near Pella. Lake Red Rock and the Des Moines River do lie close to district facilities, and pose additional flooding threats.

To mitigate this hazard, the district plans to look in to utilizing restricted access procedures.

INFRASTRUCTURE FAILURE

The district is concerned about the risk of infrastructure failure at the city-owned water treatment facility. No known structural failures of this facility have occurred in recent years. The City of Pella has first responders who are prepared to respond to this emergency.

To mitigate this hazard, the district plans to look in to developing a recovery plan.

THUNDERSTORMS AND LIGHTNING

To address this hazard presently, the district uses surge protectors with its electronic devises, to protect critical records. None of the district’s facilities have backup power generators, but school facilities do have weather radios.

PCS-322 Pella School District Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

TORNADOES

Per the NCDC database, on September 30, 2007, a half-mile wide tornado caused EF-1 damage in Pella, leading to $75,000 in property losses. Pella Community Schools is concerned about the potential displacement of living and educational facilities for students, faculty, and staff due to tornado damage, and the potential for loss of life, due to a lack of reinforced shelter. None of the district’s facilities have been damaged by tornadoes in the recent past.

The district does not have safe rooms in its facilities. Marion County does offer text alerts to warn residents of severe weather. The district backs-up its critical records. It also educates students about how to be safe during tornadoes.

PLAN INTEGRATION The Pella Community school district does maintain an emergency plan for fire, tornados, hazardous materials, and intruders. The school conducts fire, and tornado drills four times per year, and intruder drills twice per year. The school does not conduct hazardous material drills, as the shelter in place will resemble a tornado drill.

Annually, all staff conduct a review of all emergency protocols, to ensure that no response becomes out of date. It is recommended that future updates to the emergency plan include goals and objectives outlined in this Hazard Mitigation Plan.

Mitigation actions will be incorporated into annual budgets as opportunities allow. Annual budgets allow for ongoing maintenance of infrastructure and maintaining critical assets.

MITIGATION ACTIONS

COMPLETED MITIGATION ACTIONS

Data Backup Description Backup jurisdictional files, store in alternative locations Status Completed Hazard(s) Addressed All Hazards

Emergency Guidebooks Description Emergency Response guidebooks in key school buildings Status Completed Hazard(s) Addressed All Hazards

Law Enforcement Description Place law enforcement officers in schools Status Completed Hazard(s) Addressed Civil Disorder, Terrorism

Raise Grade to Eliminate Backup Flooding Description Raise grade near structures to improve floodwaters away from vulnerable buildings. Status Completed Hazard(s) Addressed Flooding

Pella School District Participant Section PCS-323 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

NEW/ONGOING MITIGATION ACTIONS

Safe Rooms Description Construct public safe rooms in school and school property. Status Not yet started Goal/Objective Goal 1, Objective 1.1 Hazard(s) Addressed Tornado, High Winds Estimated Cost $250,000 Potential Funding Local Taxes Timeline 5+ years Priority Medium Lead Agency Superintendent’s Office

School Continuity Plan Description Create a school continuity of operations and succession plan. Status Not yet started Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.2 Hazard(s) Addressed All Hazards Estimated Cost $1,000 Potential Funding General Fund Timeline 1 year Priority High Lead Agency Superintendent’s Office

Recovery Plan Description Develop a recovery plan for power failure. Status Not yet started Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.2 Hazard(s) Addressed Prolonged Power Outage, Severe Winter Storm, Severe Thunderstorm, High Winds Estimated Cost $1,000 Potential Funding General Fund Timeline 5+ years Priority Low Lead Agency Maintenance

Public Awareness Description Improve public awareness of hazard risks- dispense print materials. Status Not started Goal/Objective Goal 3, Objective 3.1 Hazard(s) Addressed All Hazards Estimated Cost $1,000 Potential Funding General Fund Timeline 1 year Priority High Lead Agency Superintendent’s Office

PCS-324 Pella School District Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Restricted Access Procedures Description Implement restricted access procedures for school operations Status In Progress, 40% complete Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.2 Hazard(s) Addressed Civil Disorder, Terrorism Estimated Cost $2,500 Potential Funding PPEL Fund Timeline 2 years Priority High Lead Agency Maintenance

Tree Planting Description Tree planting programs on school property Status In Progress, 40% complete Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.2 Hazard(s) Addressed High Winds, Severe Thunderstorms Estimated Cost $5,000 Potential Funding PPEL Fund Timeline 2-5 years Priority Medium Lead Agency Maintenance

REMOVED MITIGATION ACTIONS

No mitigation actions have been removed since the last planning process in 2012.

Pella School District Participant Section PCS-325 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

PCS-326 Pella School District Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

PARTICIPANT SECTION FOR PLEASANTVILLE COMMUNITY SCHOOL DISTRICT

Marion County Hazard Mitigation Plan Update 2016

Pleasantville CSD Participant Section PCSD-327 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

SCHOOL DISTRICT PROFILE

Planning Process and Committee

PCSD participated in the development of this hazard mitigation plan to protect its students, personnel, facilities, and resources from the risks posed by all hazards. A representative from the district attended every public meeting, met with members of the planning team, completed all hazard identification and project identification worksheets, engaged the public in the planning process, and assisted with coordination between departments and with data analysis.

The following people were heavily involved in the development of the district’s Participant Section:

Table PVCS.1: PCSD Participant Section Contributors Name Title Department / Organization Tony Aylsworth Superintendent Pleasantville School District Jeff Henson Senior Planner, Project Manager JEO Consulting Group, Inc. John Brennan Planner JEO Consulting Group, Inc.

Mitigation actions will be incorporated into annual budgets as opportunities allow. Annual budgets allow for ongoing maintenance of infrastructure and maintaining critical assets.

LOCATION, SERVICES, AND ADMINISTRATION Pleasantville Community School District is a rural school district located in the City of Pleasantville, Marion County, in south central Iowa. Pleasantville is located about 30 miles southeast of Des Moines. The population of Pleasantville, per a 2014 Census Bureau estimate, is 1,687. The school district offices are located at 415 Jones Street, Pleasantville, Iowa, 50225. The district is comprised of three schools: Pleasantville Elementary School, Pleasantville Middle School, and Pleasantville High School. The district’s website is http://www.pleasantville.k12.ia.us/pages/ Pleasantville Community School.

The Superintendent of PCSD is Tony Aylsworth. The President of the School Board is Troy Padellford, and the board has five members.

DEMOGRAPHICS There are 670 students enrolled in the district. Per the district’s website, the district employs 78 people, including 61 teachers. The schools serve the following grades and number of students:

Table PVCS.2: Grades Served and Number of Students at Pella Community Schools School Grades Served Students Pleasantville Elementary Prekindergarten through 6th 400 Pleasantville Middle School 7th and 8th 108 Pleasantville High School 9th through 12th 235

Per 2013 Census Bureau estimates, there are 426 families in the City of Pleasantville; 267 of them with children under 18 years of age. Per the same estimates, about six percent of the city’s population, or about 101 residents, are under 5 years of age; and about 465 children, or 28 percent of residents, are age 17 or younger.

The median family income in Pleasantville is $58,720, but about 10 percent of Pleasantville families with related children under 18 years of age are below the federal poverty line. Ninety-seven percent of Pleasantville residents are white, about two percent are bi-racial, and about one percent are Asian- American. 32% of students at Pleasantville receive free or reduced price lunches.

PCSD-328 Pleasantville CSD Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

CRITICAL FACILITIES The school district currently operates three schools. The facilities for each school are listed below, along with the facility’s address, original construction date, the date of any renovations, the valuation for the facility, the number of students and staff housed in the facility, notice of whether a facility is located in a 100-year-floodplain, nature any damage to the facility, the presence of a safe room for tornadoes.

Table PVCS.3: Critical Facilities Number Name In Floodplain? 1 Pleasantville Elementary School No 2 Pleasantville High School No 3 Pleasantville Middle School No

Pleasantville CSD Participant Section PCSD-329 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Figure PVCS.1: Pleasantville CSD Critical Facilities

PCSD-330 Pleasantville CSD Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Table PVCS.4: Pleasantville Elementary School School Pleasantville Elementary School Address 415 Jones Street, Pleasantville, IA Lot Valuation $840,000 Number of Students 400 Number of Staff 27 Sited in 100-Year-Floodplain? No

Table PVCS.5: Pleasantville High School School Pleasantville High School Address 415 Jones Street, Pleasantville, IA Lot Valuation $112,840 Number of Students 235 Number of Staff 23 Sited in 100-Year-Floodplain? No

Table PVCS.6: Pleasantville Middle School School Pleasantville Middle School Address 415 Jones Street, Pleasantville, IA Building Valuation $112,840 Number of Students 108 Number of Staff 11 Sited in 100-Year-Floodplain? No

RISK ASSESSMENT

The hazards of top concern that were identified by the district through this process include tornados, hazardous materials, severe winter storms, and thunderstorms & lightning. The hazard mitigation projects designated as high priorities by the district include site security.

Table 108 details the district’s risk assessment by hazard. It indicates whether the district’s critical facilities have ever experienced a previous hazard; the annual probability of the hazard occurring within the district’s jurisdiction; and a summary of concerns regarding the hazard mentioned by planning committee members.

Table PVCS.7: PCSD District Risk Assessment PREVIOUS SPECIFIC CONCERNS HAZARD TYPE OCCURRENCE LOCAL LOSSES IDENTIFIED Yes/No

Animal/Crop/Plant Disease No No No Dam Failure No No No Drought Yes No No Earthquake No No No Expansive Soils No No No Extreme Heat Yes No No Flash Flooding Yes No No Grass and Wildland Fires No No No

Pleasantville CSD Participant Section PCSD-331 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Hailstorm Yes No No Hazardous Materials No No Yes Human Disease No No No Infrastructure Failure No No No Landslide No No No Levee Failure No No No Radiological No No No River Flooding Yes No No Severe Winter Storms No No Yes Sinkholes No No No Terrorism No No No Thunderstorms and Lightning Yes No Yes Tornadoes Yes No Yes Transportation Incidents Yes No No Windstorms Yes No No

TRANSPORTATION INCIDENTS The school district is concerned about the risk of transportation incidents, as State Route 5 runs south to northwest through town, and County Highway G-40 runs east to west through town. Main Street, which is a farm-to-market road, is not curbed and has no sidewalks, which poses safety concerns. Several fender- benders and bicycle accidents have occurred along this route. About 7,000 vehicles a day travel through town. In addition, hazardous chemicals, such as anhydrous ammonia, are transported through the city. Also, a railroad runs through the eastern part of town, near Hobson Street.

To address this hazard, the school intends to invest in site security, so that a car wreck may not cause damages to critical infrastructure. PLAN INTEGRATION The Pleasantville Community School District does maintain an emergency plan for fire, tornados, hazardous materials, and intruders. The school conducts fire, and tornado drills four times per year, and intruder drills twice per year.

Mitigation actions will be incorporated into annual budgets as opportunities allow. Annual budgets allow for ongoing maintenance of infrastructure and maintaining critical assets.

PCSD-332 Pleasantville CSD Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

MITIGATION ACTIONS COMPLETED MITIGATION ACTIONS

Pleasantville Community School District did not participate in the 2012 Marion County Hazard Mitigation Plan; thus no mitigation actions were identified.

NEW/ONGOING MITIGATION ACTIONS

Site Security Description Install fences around key infrastructure (water towers, municipal well, lift stations, etc.) Goal/Objective Goal Hazard(s) Addressed Terrorism Estimated Cost $3,500 Potential Funding General Fund Timeline 1 year Priority High Lead Agency Superintendent’s Office Status Controlled access points, 4 main entrances (Elementary, MS, HS, and District Offices/Commons)

REMOVED MITIGATION ACTIONS

Pleasantville Community School District did not participate in the 2012 Marion County Hazard Mitigation Plan; thus no mitigation actions were identified.

Pleasantville CSD Participant Section PCSD-333 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

PCSD-334 Pleasantville CSD Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

PARTICIPANT SECTION FOR TWIN CEDARS COMMUNITY SCHOOL DISTRICT

Marion County Hazard Mitigation Plan 2016

Twin Cedars School District Participant Section TCC-335 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

SCHOOL DISTRICT PROFILE

LOCATION, SERVICES, AND ADMINISTRATION Twin Cedars Community School District is a rural school district located in the City of Bussey, Marion County, in south central Iowa. Bussey is located about 60 miles southeast of Des Moines. The population of Bussey, per a 2014 Census Bureau estimate, is 416.

The school district offices are located at 2204 Highway G71, Bussey, Iowa, 50044. The district is comprised of two schools: Twin Cedars Elementary School, and Twin Cedars Junior/Senior High School. The district’s website is www.twincedars.k12.ia.us/.

The Superintendent of Twin Cedars is Brian VanderSluis. The President of the School Board is Steve Hoehns, and the board has five members.

PLANNING PROCESS AND COMMITTEE

TCCSD participated in the development of this hazard mitigation plan to protect its students, personnel, facilities, and resources from the risks posed by all hazards. A representative from the district attended every public meeting, met with members of the planning team, completed all hazard identification and project identification worksheets, engaged the public in the planning process, and assisted with coordination between departments and with data analysis.

The following people were heavily involved in the development of the district’s Participant Section:

Table TCC.1: TCCSD Participant Section Contributors Name Title Department / Organization Mark Bacus Superintendent Twin Cedars Public Schools John Brennan Planner JEO Consulting Group, Inc. Jeff Henson Senior Planner, Project Manager JEO Consulting Group, Inc.

TCC-336 Twin Cedars School District Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

DEMOGRAPHICS There are 374 students enrolled in the district. The district employs about 35 people, including 33 teachers and 2 administrators. The schools serve the following grades and number of students:

Table TCC.2: Grades Served and Number of Students at Twin Cedars CSD School Grades Served Students Twin Cedars Elementary Prekindergarten through 6th 201 Twin Cedars Junior/Senior High 7th through 12th 173

Per 2013 Census Bureau estimates, there are 108 families in Bussey, including 49 families with related children under 18 years of age. Per the same estimates, about eight percent of the city’s population, or 33 residents, are under 5 years of age; and about 77 children, or 18 percent of residents, are age 17 or younger.

The median family income in Bussey is $56,667 but about six percent of Bussey families with related children under 18 years of age are below the federal poverty line. About ninety-eight percent of Bussey residents are white, about two percent are biracial, and less than one percent is American Indian.

Critical Facilities The school district currently operates two schools. The facilities for each school are listed below, along with the facility’s address, original construction date, the date of any renovations, the valuation for the facility, the number of students and staff housed in the facility, notice of whether a facility is located in a 100-year-floodplain, nature any damage to the facility, the presence of a safe room for tornadoes.

Twin Cedars School District Participant Section TCC-337 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Figure TCC.1: Twin Cedars CSD Critical Facilities

TCC-338 Twin Cedars School District Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Table TCC.3: Twin Cedars High School School Twin Cedars High School Address 2204 Highway G 71, Bussey, IA 50044 Number of Students 201 Sited in 100-Year-Floodplain? No

Table TCC.4: Twin Cedars Elementary School School Twin Cedars Elementary School Address 2204 Highway G 71, Bussey, IA 50044 Number of Students 173 Sited in 100-Year-Floodplain? No

RISK ASSESSMENT

The hazards of top concern that were identified by the district through this process include flooding, grass/wildfire, severe winter storms, thunderstorms, and tornadoes. The hazard mitigation projects designated as high priorities by the district include implementing restricted access procedures, creating windbreaks, installing warning sirens, and constructing public safe rooms.

Table TCC.5 details the district’s risk assessment by hazard. It indicates whether the district’s critical facilities have ever experienced a previous hazard; the annual probability of the hazard occurring within the district’s jurisdiction; and a summary of concerns regarding the hazard mentioned by planning committee members.

Table TCC.5: TCCSD District Risk Assessment PREVIOUS SPECIFIC CONCERNS HAZARD TYPE OCCURRENCE LOCAL LOSSES IDENTIFIED Yes/No

Animal/Crop/Plant Disease No None No Dam Failure No None No Drought Yes None No Earthquake No None No Expansive Soils No None No Extreme Heat Yes Concerns to students No Flash Flooding No None No Grass and Wildland Fires No None Yes Hailstorm Yes No Hazardous Materials No None No Human Disease No None No Infrastructure Failure No None No Landslide No None No Levee Failure No None No Radiological Incidents No None No River Flooding No None Yes

Twin Cedars School District Participant Section TCC-339 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Traffic incidents, Yes freezing temperatures, Yes Severe Winter Storms dangerous roads Sinkholes No None No Terrorism No None No Thunderstorms and Lightning Yes Yes Tornadoes No None Yes Transportation Incidents No None No Windstorms Yes None Yes

FLASH FLOODING AND RIVER FLOODING

Marion County has a history of damaging flooding, and the school district is prone to these events. Per the National Climatic Data Center database, in recent years, several storms producing damaging flooding have impacted Bussey or its immediate outskirts. Of note, on June 25, 2015, Cedar Creek flooded, causing $100,000 in property damage near town. Cedar Creek also flooded near Bussey on April 19, 2013, submerging and forcing the closure of Highway G71. This event caused $10,000 in property damage. The NCDC database records more than 20 additional reports of damaging flooding in or near Bussey since 2000.

The school district is concerned most about river flooding, being that flooding along Cedar Creek has closed roads leading to school. Therefore, there’s a risk of students being stranded at the school during flooding events.

GRASS AND WILDLAND FIRES

The area near the school district experiences a lot of grass fires, with about 10 grass fires occurring in the spring of 2015 alone. Twin Cedars schools are surrounded by crop fields.

To address this hazard presently, three fire departments are located within the school district: The Bussey Fire Department with about 20 firefighters, Indiana Township Fire Department, with seven firefighters, and Clay Township Fire Department, with 7-10 firefighters. All of these firefighters are volunteer personnel. The city does not have a Wildland Urban Interface Code, nor are property owners in the city encouraged or required to maintain defensible space around their structures.

SEVERE WINTER STORMS

Per the National Weather Service, a Blizzard Warning is issued when heavy snowfall with winds of at least 35 mph, and visibility of one-quarter mile or less, is expected for at least three hours. A Winter Storm Warning or a Heavy Snow Warning is issued for severe winter storms that fail to meet all three of those criteria. An Ice Storm Warning can also be issued for situations when ice accumulation of more than one- half inch or greater over an extended area is expected. Per the National Climatic Data Center database, in recent years, Marion County has experienced frequent winter storms, featuring heavy snowfall, ice, or blizzard-criteria conditions.

The school district is concerned about children being stranded at schools or along bus routes during severe winter weather, and avoiding highway accidents involving buses or other vehicles transporting students. The district incorporates many gravel roads in multiple counties, so road conditions during icy weather are a major concern. The districts’ buildings have not experienced structural damages from these storms.

TCC-340 Twin Cedars School District Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

To mitigate this hazard presently, school buses have designated routes they follow when the roads are treacherous – mainly highways. Marion, Mahaska, and Monroe Counties all have roads in the district, and are responsible for clearing the county routes in their respective jurisdictions. Snow fences are used on district property. The district owns two snowplows and a skid loader, and believes these resources are sufficient for snow removal.

THUNDERSTORMS AND LIGHTNING

Marion County has a history of damaging severe thunderstorms, and Bussey is prone to them. Per the National Climatic Data Center database, in recent years, several storms with severe-criteria wind (58 mph or greater) and/or severe-criteria hail (one-inch in diameter or greater) have impacted Bussey.

Of note, a storm on June 26, 2011 generated 66 mph winds that caused $20,000 in property damage in town. Another storm on May 30, 2008 produced 75 mph in Bussey that damaged a garage and tore a roof off a house, causing $50,000 in property damage. A hailstorm in Bussey on April 30, 2003 produced 1.75-inch hail, causing $10,000 in damage in town. The district is very concerned about lightning strikes, and the danger they present to students, staff, and district property and facilities.

To address this hazard, the district uses surge protectors with its electronic devises. The district does not have backup power generators, or weather radios. Few if any power lines in the district are buried. There are no known hazardous trees in the district that need to be removed.

TORNADOES

Per the National Climatic Data Center database, no tornadoes since 2000 have been officially recorded as impacting the City of Bussey or its immediate outskirts. However, Marion County has a history of damaging tornadoes, and damaging tornadoes up to EF-3 intensity have impacted areas outside of Marion County that are within 15 miles of the school’s district’s facilities in Bussey. So while the district’s facilities have not been damaged by tornadoes in the recent past, there is a risk of property damage and loss of life from these events.

To address this hazard, the school has a detailed tornado plan, and designates areas for students to obtain shelter during tornadoes.

PLAN INTEGRATION TCCSD maintains an Emergency Response Procedure which is updated annually. The plan outlines the chain of command for crisis situations, communication procedures during an emergency, crisis management procedures, safety precautions and emergency preparedness measures, and building security procedures. The crisis management section of this plan outlines the procedures for managing the following events:  Fire/Tornado Procedures (Highest Concern)  Emergency Evacuation Procedures  Bomb Threats  Suicide/Death/Serious Injury  Kidnapping  Terrorism  Bus Safety/Hazardous Materials  Emergency Medical Procedures/First Aid/ Blood Borne Pathogens

Twin Cedars School District Participant Section TCC-341 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Mitigation actions will be incorporated into annual budgets as opportunities allow. Annual budgets allow for ongoing maintenance of infrastructure and maintaining critical assets.

TCC-342 Twin Cedars School District Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

MITIGATION ACTIONS

COMPLETED MITIGATION ACTIONS Emergency Guidebooks Description Emergency response guidebooks in key school buildings and vehicles Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.2 Hazard(s) Addressed All Hazards Estimated Cost $1,000 Status Complete

Regulation Enforcement Description Enforce OSHA’s regulations on hazardous materials. Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.3 Hazard(s) Addressed Hazardous Materials Estimated Cost None Status Complete

NEW/ONGOING MITIGATION ACTIONS Verify Plans Description Assure local plans are in place and current Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.2 Hazard(s) Addressed All Hazards Estimated Cost $1,000 Potential Funding General Fund Timeline 1 year Priority High Lead Agency School Board Status Not Yet Started

Public Safe Rooms Description Construct public safe rooms in school and school property. Goal/Objective Goal 1, Objective 1.1 Hazard(s) Addressed Tornados, High Winds Estimated Cost $250,000 Potential Funding Local Option Sales Tax Timeline 5+ years Priority Medium Lead Agency School Board Status Not Yet Started

Twin Cedars School District Participant Section TCC-343 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

School Continuity Plan Description Create a school continuity of operations and succession plan. Goal/Objective Goal 1, Objective 1.1 Hazard(s) Addressed All Hazards Estimated Cost $1,000 Potential Funding General Fund Timeline 1 year Priority High Lead Agency School Board Status Not Yet Started

Hazard Mitigation Awareness Description Develop annual leadership awareness campaign about the plan. Goal/Objective Goal 3, Objective 3.1 Hazard(s) Addressed All Hazards Estimated Cost $1,000 Potential Funding General Fund Timeline 1 year Priority High Lead Agency School Board Status Not Yet Started

Electronic Directory Description Develop electronic directory of local and other resources. Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.2 Hazard(s) Addressed All Hazards Estimated Cost $1,000 Potential Funding General Fund Timeline 1 year Priority High Lead Agency School Board Status Not Yet Started

Policy Review Description Full review of policy, procedure, and codes Goal/Objective Goal Hazard(s) Addressed All Hazards Estimated Cost $10,000 Potential Funding Local Option Sales Tax Timeline 1 year Priority High Lead Agency School Board Status Not Yet Started

TCC-344 Twin Cedars School District Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Harden School Buildings Description Harden school buildings. Goal/Objective Goal 1, Objective 1.1 Hazard(s) Addressed Tornado, high winds Estimated Cost $100,000 Potential Funding Local Option Sales Tax Timeline 5+ years Priority Low Lead Agency School Board Status Not Yet Started

Mass Casualty Plan Description Implement a mass casualty incident plan. Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.2 Hazard(s) Addressed Terrorism Estimated Cost $2,500 Potential Funding Local Option Sales Tax Timeline 1 year Priority High Lead Agency School Board Status Not Yet Started

Public Awareness Description Improve public awareness of hazard risks-dispense print materials. Goal/Objective Goal 3, Objective 3.1 Hazard(s) Addressed All Hazards Estimated Cost $1,000 Potential Funding General Fund Timeline 1 year Priority High Lead Agency School Board Status Not Yet Started

Warning Sirens Description Install warning sirens. Goal/Objective Goal 4, Objective 4.3 Hazard(s) Addressed All Hazards Estimated Cost $10,000 Potential Funding Local Option Sales Tax Timeline 5+ years Priority Low Lead Agency School Board Status Not Yet Started

Twin Cedars School District Participant Section TCC-345 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Wind Breaks Description Install wind breaks to prevent drifting on roadways. Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.1 Hazard(s) Addressed Severe Winter Storms Estimated Cost $10,000 Potential Funding Local Option Sales Tax Timeline 2-5 years Priority Medium Lead Agency School Board Status Not Yet Started

Safe Room Retrofits Description Integrate safe room retrofits into critical assets/facilities Goal/Objective Goal 1, Objective 1.1 Hazard(s) Addressed High Winds, Tornados Estimated Cost $250,000 Potential Funding Local Option Sales Tax Timeline 5+ years Priority Medium Lead Agency School Board Status Not Yet Started

Handicap Accessibility Description Make all school facilities handicap accessible. Goal/Objective Goal 4, Objective 4.2 Hazard(s) Addressed All Hazards Estimated Cost $20,000 Potential Funding General Fund Timeline 2-5 years Priority High Lead Agency School Board Status 75% Complete

Weather Radios Description NOAA weather radios in schools and on school property. Goal/Objective Goal 4, Objective 4.3 Hazard(s) Addressed All Hazards Estimated Cost $10,000 Potential Funding Local Option Sales Tax Timeline 2-5 years Priority High Lead Agency School Board Status Not Yet Started

TCC-346 Twin Cedars School District Participant Section Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Public Awareness Description Post an information sign or kiosk. Goal/Objective Goal 3, Objective 3.1 Hazard(s) Addressed All Hazards Estimated Cost $5,000 Potential Funding General Fund Timeline 1 year Priority High Lead Agency School Board Status Not Yet Started

Emergency Communications Description Purchase new, modernize, and/or harden existing mobile and personal communications equipment. Goal/Objective Goal 4, Objective 4.1 Hazard(s) Addressed All Hazards Estimated Cost $50,000 Potential Funding Local Option Sales Tax Timeline 2-5 years Priority High Lead Agency School Board Status Not Yet Started

Backup Generators Description Purchase/install backup power generators Goal/Objective Goal 2, Objective 2.1 Hazard(s) Addressed Tornado, High Winds, Severe Winter Storms, Severe Thunderstorms Estimated Cost $25,000 Potential Funding Local Option Sales Tax Timeline 2-5 years Priority High Lead Agency School Board Status Not Yet Started

Transportation Awareness Description Rail and highway safety education programs for students. Goal/Objective Goal 3, Objective 3.1 Hazard(s) Addressed Transportation Awareness Estimated Cost $1,000 Potential Funding General Funding Timeline 1 year Priority High Lead Agency School Board Status Not Yet Started

Twin Cedars School District Participant Section TCC-347 Marion County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan

Restricted Access Procedures Description Restricted access procedures. Goal/Objective Goal 4, Objective 4.3 Hazard(s) Addressed All Hazards Estimated Cost $2,500 Potential Funding General Fund Timeline 1 year Priority High Lead Agency General Fund Status Not Yet Started

REMOVED MITIGATION ACTIONS

Community Shelters Description Formally designate and stock school buildings as community shelters Reason for Removal Not practical given location of school

Pave Streets Description Pave existing streets Reason for Removal Not practical given location of school

TCC-348 Twin Cedars School District Participant Section