Medicinal Plants Used by Traditional Healers in Lohagara Upazila of Narail District, Bangladesh

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Medicinal Plants used by Traditional Healers in Lohagara Upazila of Narail District, Bangladesh

Rahman AHMM* and Biswas L Research Article Department of Botany, University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh Volume 5 Issue 3 Received Date: July 07, 2021 *Corresponding author: Mahbubur Rahman AHM, Department of Botany, Faculty of Biological Published Date: August 09, 2021 Sciences, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh, Email: [email protected] DOI: 10.23880/jonam-16000319

Abstract

Medicinal plants used by traditional healers in Lohagara Upazila of Narail district, Bangladesh was recorded from November 2018 to March 2020. The present paper deals with traditional uses of 101 medicinal plant species 89 genera and 55 families

were employed to obtain medicinal data in the study area. In the area, a total of 73 human diseases were recorded and treated along with correct botanical identification. Semi-structured interviewees, observation and guided field walk with informants

administration and part(s) used are provided. The study aims to bring awareness among the people, to save this precious with various plant species and preparations. For each species, scientific name, local name, family, habit, diseases, mode of

knowledge and protect these plants, for the next generation. Keywords: Medicinal plants; Indigenous Uses; Herbal Medicine; Narail District; Bangladesh

Introduction value but also have medicinal and ritual values. These plants play a vital role in the development of drugs. World Health The plant having properties to cure the disease and Organization estimates that 80% of populations from many have the same properties as Pharmaceutical drugs are called medicinal plants. These plants are rich in those ingredients ailments [5]. The main objective of this study is to identify which are used in the preparation of medicine [1]. Medicinal countries are using traditional folk medicine to cure various plants are being used for the treatment of various diseases present in several villages in Lohagara Upazila of Narail by the tribal people for a generation. Medicinal plants are district,and assess Bangladesh. the indigenous knowledge of the medicinal plants an essential part of the human health care system because Materials and Methods Sometimes, the medicine is also called herbal medicine due toof its less properties. expensive, The lesser tribal sidepeople effects prefer andto use toxicity medicinal [2]. Study Area plant and plant-based medicine because of the cheap price and easy availability as compared to costly pharmaceuticals’ located in between 23°05’ and 23°19’ north latitudes and in medicinal plants from their ancestors since time immemorial; betweenLohagara 89°29’ Upazila and 89°46’ (Narail east district) longitudes. area It 290.83is bounded sq km, by and[3]. they These discover people the have therapeutic inherited activity indigenous of medicinal knowledge plants of Mohammadpur Upazila on the north, Kalia Upazila on the south, Alfadanga, Kashiani and Gopalganj sadar Upazilas

against diseases through their traumatic experiences [4]. tropicalon the east, monsoon Narail climate,Sadar and with Shalikha hot wet Upazilas summers on fromthe west. May AccordingThe rudimental to the local people, knowledge plants ofnot medicinalonly have nutritional plants is toThe September study area and of cool Lohagara dry winters. Upazila The experiences rainy season a typicaloccurs scientifically and culturally very significant to society.

Medicinal Plants used by Traditional Healers in Lohagara Upazila of Narail District, Bangladesh Nat Ayurvedic Med 2 Journal of Natural & Ayurvedic Medicine

tree species were used as medicine (Table 1, Figure 1). Different plant parts of different spp. are used as medicine approximatelyMethodology from May to October [6]. 16.83%, the fruit of 21.78%, the root of 20.79%, seed of for treating various diseases; leaf of 45.54%, the bark of of 3.96%, the rhizome of 2.79%, gum of 3.96%, petiole fromThe November present 2018work tois theMarch outcome 2020 ofto ancollect extensive information survey 12.87%, stem of 5.94%, whole plant of 18.81%, flowers onin Lohagara the medicinal Upazila uses of Narail of different district, plant Bangladesh species. undertaken A total of used as medicine (Figure 2). The distribution of medicinal 101 species belonging to 89 genera under 55 families were plantof 1.98%, species bulb in of the 1.98% families and latexshows of variation. 0.99% species Out of were 55 recorded. Medicinal information was obtained through families, 2.97% species were used in the family Lamiaceae, followed by 3.96% Apocynaceae, 2.97% Cucurbitaceae, healers. A total of 207 informants having an age range of 4.95% Rutaceae, 2.97% Moraceae, 4.95% Fabaceae, 3.96% 27-79semi-structured years were interviews interviewed with usingknowledgeable the semi-structured traditional Malvaceae, 3.96% Piperaceae, 4.95% Euphorbiaceae, 2.97% Solanaceae, 2.97% Arecaceae and 2.97% Asteraceae fruits collected using traditional herbarium techniques to (Figure 3). Out of 73 categories of diseases, fever (18.81%), interviewed method [7]. Plant parts with either flowers or dysentery (16.83%), cough (11.88%), diarrhoea (9.09%), specimens have been preserved at Herbarium of Rajshahi University.make voucher specimens for documentation and voucher and jaundice (9.09%) was dominant diseases in the study areaasthma (Figure (9.09%), 4). diabetes (10.89%), skin disease (10.89%) Identification The collected medicinal information is comparable with the result of other studies in Bangladesh and foreign. In Bangladesh, a total of 70 medicinal plant species under 36 Collected specimens have been critically examined, by consulting standard literature. Nomenclature has been families were recorded in the Bandarban district [13]. 86 plant updatedstudied and following identified. recent Identifications literature [8-12]. have been confirmed in Garo ethnic community, Tangail [14]. A total of 111 species Results and Discussion undertaxa belonged 93 genera to of84 53 genera families under have 46 been families documented were recorded which are used for the treatment of various diseases [15]. Forty Medicinal plants survey was employed to collect medicinal plants have been documented in Paba Upazila of information from traditional healers in Lohagara Upazila Rajshahi [16]. A total of 45 medicinal plants under 43 genera of Narail district, Bangladesh was recorded from November and 33 families have been recorded in Daulotpur Upazila of 2018 to March 2020. One hundred and one medicinal plant Kushtia District, Bangladesh [17]. 111 medicinal plants used species 89 genera belonging to 55 families were reported to cure various diseases in Rajshahi metropolitan city [18]. by the traditional healers for the treatment of 73 human A total of 52 plant species under 50 genera and 37 families have been documented in Jamalpur district [19]. A total of local name, family, habit, diseases, mode of administration 93 medicinal plants were recorded in the Chapai Nawabganj ailments in the study area. For each species, scientific name, and part(s) used are provided. The result of this information district [20]. showed that these traditional healers in the study area still depend on medicinal uses of plants for the treatment A total of 105 plant species under 97 genera belonging of asthma, anaemia, abdominal pain, alopecia, burning to 57 families were recorded in the Dinajpur district [21]. A sensation, blood dysentery, dyspepsia, bronchitis, diuretic, total of 61 medicinal plants were recorded in Sadar Upazila of Joypurhat District [22]. 94 medicinal leafy vegetables were dysentery, diabetes, eczema, heart disease, high blood recorded in Rajshahi [23]. A total of 127 plant species under constipation, cough, chronic fever, chicken fox, dog bite, 105 genera of 66 families have been documented in Puthia ulcer, malarial fever, menstrual bleeding, piles, scabies, Upazila of Rajshahi [24]. A total of 147 medicinal angiosperm pressure, headache, inflammation, jaundice, leprosy, mouth weeds was documented in Rajshahi metropolitan city [25]. swelling, toothache, tumours, throat pain, tuberculosis, In India, a total of 40 plant species 37 genera and 28 families rheumatism, skin cracks, scurvy, snake bite, stomachache, were recorded for medicinal purposes [26]. In Ethiopia, 47 medicinal plant species belonging to 23 families were ulcers, vomiting, wound, weakness, and many types of which will assist the new researcher in future especially in reported by the traditional healers for the treatment of diseases. This is the first-ever exploration of the study area are recorded as medicinal belonging to 45 families and 75 the field of traditional medicinal plants. Out of 101 species, 38.61% species were herb, 17.82% generavarious [28]. human In Nigeria, ailments a total[27]. ofIn one Pakistan, hundred a total and ofthree 81 plants (103) species were shrub, 9.90% species were climber and 33.66%

medicinal species belonging to fifty-two (52) families were Rahman AHMM and Biswas L. Medicinal Plants used by Traditional Healers in Lohagara Upazila of Copyright© Rahman AHMM and Biswas L. Narail District, Bangladesh. Nat Ayurvedic Med 2021, 5(3): 000319. 3 Journal of Natural & Ayurvedic Medicine

for various illnesses and health problems were proven belonging to 98 genera and 60 families were documented to have bioactivity properties due to their phytochemical [30].identified In Kenya, [29]. aIn total Pakistan, of 66 aplant total species of 150 undermedicinal 58 generaplants belonging to 36 families were reported as medicinal values traditional medicine generated in this research has an importantcompounds. role Documentation in preserving ofbest indigenous practices knowledgeon traditional on diversity of plant species used in traditional medicine by medicine which serve as the basis for new drug discovery in the[31]. traditional The present healers findings in Lohagara showed Upazila that there of Narail was district, a high modern medicine. Bangladesh. Medicinal plants traditionally used as remedies

Scientific name Local name Habit Parts used Diseases Mode of administration and family

Abelmoschus internally, Paste of fruits are esculentus Stomachic, Hair fall,Female Dherosh Herb Fruit Fruit juice is taken (L.) Moench (Malvaceae) taken externally, Young fruit weakness,Constipation Abroma augusta L.f. Seed, is taken orally, Eaten raw Shrub (Sterculiaceae) Petiole after cooked Seed paste is taken orally, Acalypha indica L. Ulotkomol Stomach pain, Weakness Herb Leaf Petiole is taken internally (Euphorbiaceae) Leaf pasteorally is taken Amaranthus viridis Muktha jhuri Whole Snake bite, Ringworm externally, Leaf juice taken Herb Leprosy L. (Amaranthaceae) plant orally Whole plant juice is taken Amaranthus Shaknote Whole Dysentery,Burning spinosus L. Katanotey Herb plant wound,Toothache Leaf juice is taken internally, (Amaranthaceae) Leafdecoction paste is takenused externally, Whole plant Allium cepa L. Cough and cold,Headache Piaj Herb Bulb internally, Warm bulb juice (Liliaceae) Warm bulb juice is taken Allium sativum L. Blood pressure, Eczema, Roshun Herb Bulb and Snake bite (Liliaceae ) Cough and Fever taken externally Alstonia scholaris Bulb is taken orally, Paste of Gastric problem and (L.) R.Br. Chatim Tree bulb is taken externally Rheumatism, Ulcers (Apocynaceae) Bark juice is taken Bark, Gum Paralysis, Viral internally, Milky gum juice is Aloe vera (L.) Herb Leaf taken orally Burm.f. (Aloeaceae) Leaf juice taken orally, Paste Ghrito kumari Jaundice,Body weakness, of leaf is taken externally Acacia nilotica SkinLeucoderma, care, Hair Dysentery, treatment Babla Tree Bronchitis andIntestinal Fruit Decoction of leaf is taken (Fabaceae) Leaf, Bark, problem orally, Fruit juice taken (L.) Willd. Ex Del. internally, Bark juice is Aegle marmelos L. Stomachache, Constipation, taken orally Bel Tree Fruit, Root (Rutaceae) Diarrhea andHeart disease Unripe fruit is taken internally,internally Ripe fruit is taken Andrographis Fever, Cholera, Headache orally, Juice of root is taken paniculata (Burm.f.) Kalomegh Herb Leaf and Diarrhea,Lung infection Nees. (Acanthaceae) and Leprosy Leaf juice is taken orally, Raw Leaf is taken externally

Rahman AHMM and Biswas L. Medicinal Plants used by Traditional Healers in Lohagara Upazila of Copyright© Rahman AHMM and Biswas L. Narail District, Bangladesh. Nat Ayurvedic Med 2021, 5(3): 000319. 4 Journal of Natural & Ayurvedic Medicine

Areca catechu L. Fruit, Seed, Dyspepsia,Blood Supari Tree (Arecaceae) Root dysentery,Toothache Fruitinternally, juice isRoot taken power orally, is Decoction of seed is taken

Artocarpus internally,taken Pasteexternally of young heterophyllus Kathal Tree Root, Leaf Decoction of root is taken (Moraceae) Lamk. Diarrhea,Scabies,Weakness leaf is internallyused externally, Unripe fruit is taken Argemone mexicana Leaf, Root, Herb L. (Papaveraceae) Leaf and root juice is taken Malarial fever, Jaundice, Skin Shialkata Diarrhea, Rheumatism, internally, Latex is used Asparagus Latex cracks Whole Diabetes and externally racemosus Willd. Shotomuli Climber internally, Root juice is plant, Root DysenteryInfertility and (Liliaceae) Whole plant juice is taken Miscarriage

Averrhoa carambola Piles, Fever and taken internally Kamranga Tree Fruit, Leaf Leaf juice with sugar is DysenteryLiver pain Fruit juice is taken orally, L. (Oxalidaceae) Azadirachta indica taken internally Neem Tree Leaf L. (Meliaceae) disease, Jaundice, Toothache Leaf paste is taken Chicken pox and Skin externally, Leaf juice is taken orally, Stem is taken Basella alba L. Burning Climber Leaf, Root externally (Basellaceae) sensation,Constipation Leaf pasteorally taken Brassica napus L. Puisakh Hair treatment and Cough, externally,Leaf juice taken Sorisa Herb Seed (Brassicaceae) Oil extract from seed is Bombax ceiba L. Rheumatism,Male Simultula Tree Gum, Root Skin crack internally,taken externally Gum paste is (Malvaceae) Young root is taken

weakness,BurningToothache, sensation Carica papaya L. internally,taken Maceratedexternally root Pepa Shrub GonorrheaAbdominal pain (Caricaceae) Flower is usedBark orally, juice Floweris taken with Bark, Root, and Stimulation Balanced diet, Increase Citrus aurantifolia digestive power and milk is taken internally (Christm. & Panzer) Lebu Shrub Fruit Swingle (Rutaceae) nausea Fruit juice taken orally Centella asiatica (L.) Whole Looseappetite, motion Skin and irritation Dysentery, and Herb Urban (Apiaceae) plant Stomach pain, Tuberculosis internally Calotropis procera Whole plant paste is taken Thankuni Rheumatism (Aiton) W.T. Aiton Shrub andParalysis,Body pain (Asclepiadaceae) Latex with mustard oil is Coloasia esculenta Akando Latex, Leaf taken externally, Warm leaf Leaf, Stop bleeding, Tumor and (L.) Schott Kochu Herb is taken externally petiole Cancer (Araceae) Coccinia grandis Leaf juice is taken externally Fever, Vomiting, (L.) Voigt. Climber Leaf Hypertension (Cucurbitaceae) Telakocha Leaf juice is taken orally

Clerodendrum viscosum Vent. Vatpata Shrub Leaf, Root disease, Hair disease (Verbenaceae) Asthma, TumorsSkin Leaf paste is taken Croton Jaundice, abdominal dropsy, externally boplandianus Baill. Bonmorich Herb Seed internal abscess (Euphorbiaceae) Coriandrum sativum Whole SeedWhole juice plant is taken juice internallywith salt Dhonia Herb Asthma, Cold, Fever L. (Apiaceae) plant Catharanthus Whole roseus (L.) G. Don. Noyntara Herb is taken orally plant internally (Apocynaceae) Whole plant juice is taken Child Leukemia Eczema, Cold fever, Curcuma longa L. Rhizome, Holud Herb Dysentery and Gonorrhea, (Zingiberaceae) Flower Rhizome paste is taken Gastric problem externally, Rhizome juice is Cinnamomum taken orally, Flower paste is tamala (Buch.- Cold cough, Bronchitis, taken internally Tejpata Tree Ham.) Nees & Diabetes Eberm. (Lauraceae) Leaf, Bark Leaf juice is taken orally Headache, Throat pain, Clitoria ternatea L. Oparajita Climber Root, Leaf Swellings, Tuberculosis Decoction root is used (Fabaceae) gland Leaf pasteinternally is used externally,

Cuscuta reflexa Parasitic Constipation, Liver disorder, Shornolata Stem, Leaf internally, Decoction leaf of Herb Stem decoction is taken Roxb. (Cuscutaceae) Antioxidant Whole plant juice is used in Cissus Whole juice is taken orally quadrangularis L. Harjora Climber plant, irregular menstruation, Broken limb, Survey and (Vitaceae) stem, Leaf Asthma, Indigestion, Piles orally, Paste of stem is taken Cocos nucifera L. Kidney problems, Stomach internally, Leaf juice mixed Tree Fruit, Root (Arecaceae) pain with water is taken orally Fruit juice is taken orally, Narkel Capsicum frutescens Night blindness, Headache, Root juice is taken internally Morich Herb Leaf, Fruit L. (Solanaceae) Blood dysentery Leaf juice is taken internally, Leaf paste is taken externally, Dry fruit powder Carissa carandas L. Fruit, Root Karamcha Shrub Diabetes and Wound is taken internally (Apocynaceae) Ripe fruit is taken orally, Cynodon dactylon Whole Decoction of the root bark is Durba Herb bark Stop bleeding (L.) Pers. (Poaceae) plant taken internally Whole plant paste is taken Datura metel L. Dhutra Shrub Leaf Leaf pasteexternally with neem is (Solanaceae) Leaf juice is taken internally, Dillenia indica L. Rheumatic pain, Skin disease Chalta Tree Fruit Nervous system problem (Dilleniaceae) applied externally Diospyros Fruit, Leaf, Fruit juice taken internally malabarica (Desr.) Ghab Tree Dyspepsia, Cough Stem Kostel. (Ebenaceae) Fruit powerorally juice is taken internally, Leaf juice is taken

Dalbergia sissoo Dysentery, Gonorrhea, Sisso Tree Hemorrhage Decoction of leaf is taken Elaeocarpus Leaf, Bark internally, Dried bark paste Roxb. (Fabaceae) Dysentery and Diarrhea, floribundus Bl. Jolpai Tree Leaf, Fruit is taken externally Poisoning (Elaeocarpaceae) Fruit is taken internally, Leaf Enhydra fluctuans Whole Curry made from whole Helencha Herb Fever juice is taken orally Lour. (Asteraceae) plant Euphorbia hirta L. Whole Dysentery, Bronchitis, Dhudia Herb (Euphorbiaceae) plant Fungal affection plant isinternally taken internally Ficus hispida L.f. Whole plant paste is taken Dumur Tree Fruit Diabetes, Jaundice (Moraceae) Ficus racemosa L. Diabetes, Dry cough, Asthma, Jogdumur Tree Fruit Fruit juice is taken internally (Moraceae) Loose motion orally Heliotropium Cooked vegetable is taken indium L. Hatishur Herb Leaf Dog bite and Insect bite (Boraginaceae) Leaf juice is taken externally Hibiscus rosa- Hair treatment and sinensis L. Joba Shrub Flower Burning wound, Irregular Flower paste is taken (Malvaceae) menstruation externally,orally Flower paste Ipomoea mixed with water is taken Whole Jaundice, Bronchitis, aquatica . Kolmi Herb plant Leprosy, Fever internally (Convolvulaceae) Whole plant paste is taken Forssk Justicia adhatoda L. Whole Bleeding piles,Cough and Shrub (Acanthaceae) plant, Leaf Fever Whole plantorally paste is taken Justicia gendarussa Basak externally, Leaf juice is taken Leaf juice with mustard oil Burm.f. Bijtarop Herb Leaf Headache (Acanthaceae) Kalanchoe pinnata Whole is taken externally (Lam.) Pers. Herb Bites of insect plant (Crassulaceae) Whole plant paste is taken Ocimum sanctum L. Pathorkuci Gastric disorder, Cold, Ramtulsi Herb Leaf externally (Lamiaceae) Cough, Bronchitis Ocimum tenuiflorum Tulsi Herb Leaf Cough, Fever, Bronchitis Leaf juice is taken orally L. (Lamiaceae)

Opuntia dillenii Whole Gonorrhea, Asthma, Leaf juice is taken orally (Ker.-Gawl.) Haw. Fhoni monosha Shrub plant, Leaf, Whooping cough, Tumour Ripeorally, fruit Whole is taken plant internally, juice is (Cactaceae) Fruit and leucoderma Decoction of leaf is taken Oxalis corniculata L. Amrul Herb Leaf Stomach pain, Scurvy taken orally Lawsonia inermis L. Decoction of leaf extracted Mehedi Shrub Leaf (Oxalidaceae)(Lythraceae) with water is taken orally Limonia acidissima Digestion, Heart disease, Leaf paste is taken Kodhbel Tree Fruit Skin disease, Hair treatment L. (Rutaceae) Piles externally Litchi chinensis Lichu Tree Fruit Heart, Brain, Liver Fruit juice is taken internally Sonn. (Sapindaceae) Fruit juice is taken orally

Mikania cordata (Burm.f.) Rob. Asamlata Climber Leaf Stop bleeding (Asteraceae) Leaf paste is taken Momordica Fruit, externally charantia L. Korola Climber Whole Diabetes, Fever internally, Whole plant juice (Cucurbitaceae) plant The juice of the fruit is taken Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng. Paharineem Tree Leaf is taken Jaundice Leaf paste is taken (Rutaceae) Chicken pox, Skin disease, orally externally, Leaf juice is taken Murraya paniculata Leaf, Root Diarrhea and dysentery, Kamini Shrub Cough and rheumatism Leaf extractinternally is taken orally, Root bark juice is taken (L.)Mangifera Jack. (Rutaceae) indica L. Bark Amm Tree Leaf,Gum (Anacardiaceae) disease Leaf juice is taken orally, Fever and Toothache, Skin Musa sapientum L. Gum paste is taken Kola Herb (Musaceae) externally Stem and bark juice is taken Mimusops elengi L. Stem,Flower, Bark StopAsthma, bleeding, Bleeding Snake gums, bite Tree externally (Sapotaceae) swelling Flowerused smell internally is taken, Stem- Bokul bark decoction is popularly Marsilea minutia L. Stem Bark Diuretic and febrifuge, Marsilia Herb Leaf (Marsileaceae) Leaf juice is taken internally, Leaf paste is taken Snakebite and Abscess Dry leaf power with water Diabetes, Blood pressure, externally Moringa oleifera Leaf, Root, Sogina Tree Cold-cough, Abdominal pain, Lam. (Moringaceae) Fruit Fever is taken internally, Eaten raw after cooked, Leaf juice Nigella sativa L. is taken internally, Root Kalojira Herb Seed Asthma, High blood pressure (Ranunculaceae) extractinternally is taken orally Nymphaea DriedSeed rhizome extract is power taken is Rhizome, nouchali Burm f. Sapla Herb Dysentery, Burning spot Leaf (Nymphaeaceae) taken internally, Leaf paste Nyctanthes arbor- Chronic fever, Bronchitis, Sheuli Tree is taken externally tritis L. (Oleaceae) Root Rheumatic fever Leaf juice mixed with honey Bark, Leaf, Piper betle is taken orally, Bark juice is Pan Climber Leaf L.(Piperaceae) taken internally Louse killing and cough Leaf juice is taken externally Piper chaba Trel. & Swelling and pain, Mouth Chui Climber Fruit Fruit paste is taken externally,internally Fruit powder Yunck.(Piperaceae)Piper longum L. ulcer and inflammation mixed with honey is taken Pipul Herb Leaf Fever, Dyspepsia, Asthma (Piperaceae) Polyalthia Leaf paste mixed with ghee longifolia (Sonn.) is taken internally Debdaru Tree Seed Allergy treatment

(Annonaceae) Seed paste is used externally PhoenixBenth. & sylvestris Hook. f. Toothache, Heart complaints, Khajur Tree Fruit Fever, Vomiting, Gonorrhea Ripe fruit is taken internally Roxb. (Arecaceae)

Root, Peperomia pellucida Fever and Wound, Renal Bonpan Herb Whole internally, Whole plant Kunth. (Piperaceae) problem plant decoctionRoot juiceis used is takeninternally

Phaseolus vulgaris Diabetes, Blood cancer, Shim Climber Pod, Seed. internally, Seed paste is L. (Fabaceae) Rheumatism, Arthritis Dried pod is taken Polygonum Whole Diarrhea, Dyspepsia, hydropiper (L.) Del. Herb taken orally plant Menstrual bleeding internally (Polygonaceae) Whole plant juice is taken Biskatali Psidium guajava L. Diarrhea and Dysentery, Peara Tree Leaf (Myrtaceae) Mouth wash Leaf decoction is taken internally, Young leaf is Phyllanthus emblica Tree internally,taken Fruit orally power and L. (Phyllanthaceae) disease Young fruit is taken Diabetes, Stomach pain, Skin Phyllanthus Amloki Fruit, Bark Whole Anemia and intestinal reticulatus Poir. Shrub bark juice is taken orally plant hemorrhage internally (Euphorbiaceae) Whole plant juice is taken Rauvolfia serpentina Chitki Blood pressure and Sorphogondha Herb Root Dysentery internally (Apocynaceae) Extract of root is taken (L.) Benth.ex Kurz. Ricinus communis L. Jaundice, Bherena Shrub Leaf, Seed (Euphorbiaceae) Dysentery,Constipation Leaf juiceinternally is taken orally, Oil Spondias pinnata Irregular menstruation, extract from seed if taken (L.f.) Kurz. Amra Tree Dysentery, Diarrhea and (Anacardiaceae) vomiting Juice of rootinternally is taken orally, Bark, Root Infusion of bark is taken Solanum nigrum L. Titbegun Herb Leaf, Fruit Dropsy, Ringworm (Solanaceae) Decoctioninternally of leaf is taken Saccharum orally, Green fruit is taken officinarum L. Shrub Stem Jaundice, Urinate problem (Poaceae) Syzygium cumini Aakh Stem juice is taken orally Jham Tree Asthma, Diabetes (Myrtaceae) Grinding bark decoction is (L.)Syzygium Skeels. Bark, Seed taken orally, Seed power is samarangense taken internally Jamrul Tree Fruit Fever (Blume) Merr. & Perry (Myrtaceae) Fruit juice taken internally Targetes ercta L. Whole Gendaful Herb Bleeding, Dysentery (Asteraceae) plant, Leaf Whole plantorally paste is taken Terminalia externally, Leaf juice is taken arjuna Heart disease, Blood Arjune Tree Wight & Arn. pressure (Roxb.) (Combretaceae) Bark Decoction of bark is taken

Terminalia catappa Fever, Diarrhea, Diabetes, Kathbadam Tree L. (Combretaceae) Root Bark and root juice is taken Leaf, Bark, orally, Pasteorally of bark is taken Terminalia Skin diseases, Indigestion externally, Leaf juice is taken chebula Retz. Tree Seed, Fruit Vomiting, Dysentery (Combretaceae) Seed powerinternally is taken orally, Horitoki Fruit power is taken Fruit, Seed, Mouth Disease,Blood Tamarindus indica Tetul Tree Leaf, Stem, Dysentery,Dyspepsia,Gastric Stem and bark decoction L. (Fabaceae) and Fever is taken orally, Leaf juice is taken internally, Seed power Trichosanthes Bark is taken orally, Ripe fruit dioica Potol Climber Leaf, Fruit Jaundice, Diuretic, Alopecia pulpinternally, is taken Leaf internally paste is (Cucurbitaceae) Leaf and fruit juice is taken Wedelia chinensis Roxb. Alopecia, Hair disease,Stop Mohavringhoraj Herb Leaf taken externally vomiting (Asteraceae) Leaf paste is taken (Osbeck) Merr. Ziziphus mauritiana Dyspepsia, Fever, Wounds externally Boroi Tree Root internally, Paste of root is Lam. (Ramnaceae) and cancer Root juice is taken Zingiber Indigestion, Cold-cough, officinale Roscoe Adha Herb Rhizome Catarrhal fever, Gout, taken externally (Zingiberaceae) Rhizome juice is taken orally Table 1: Medicinal plants used by traditional healers in several villages at Lohagara Upazila of Narail District, Bangladesh. Sickness

Figure 1: Recorded plant habit in the study area.

Figure 3: Recorded dominant medicinal plants families in the study area.

Figure 2: Recorded plant parts used as medicine. Figure 4: Recorded dominant diseases in the study area.

Summary and Conclusion district, Odisha, India. Asian Journal of Plant Science and Research 5(2): 27-33. of Lohagara Upazila of Narail district, Bangladesh was 5. WHO (1991) Guideline for Assessment of Herbal reportedThe indigenousin this research. knowledge Results about have medicinalshown that plants 101 Medicines Programme on Traditional. WHO, Gieneva, medicinal plants used by traditional healers to treat various pp: 56-91. diseases. The most utilized plant families were Fabaceae and Euphorbiaceae followed by Asteraceae, Amaranthaceae, 6. (2011) Bangladesh Population Census (BPC), Bangladesh Apocynaceae, Arecaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Fabaceae, Bureau of Statistics; Cultural survey report of Lohagara Lamiaceae, Malvaceae, Moraceae, Piperaceae and Rutaceae. Upazila, Narail 2007. The highest proportions of the medicinal plants (38.61%) 7. are herbs followed by trees (33.66%), shrubs (17.82%) and climbers (9.90%). Commonly treated diseases are Alexiades MN (1996) Selected Guidelines for Ethno diabetes, dysentery, headache, eczema, heart disease, high Botanical Research: A Field Manual. The New York blood pressure, piles, scabies, jaundice, asthma, bronchitis, 8. Botanical Garden, New York 305pp. Co. Ltd. Kent, London. bite, toothache, ulcers, vomiting and wounds. The major Hooker JD (1877) The Flora of British India. L. Reeve & constipation, cough, chronic fever, chicken fox, dog bite, snake 9. Prain D (1903) Bengal Plants. Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta 1(2). threats to medicinal plants and the associated knowledge overcomeon these these particular problems plants traditional are agricultural healers have expansions, gone far 10. tofirewood get the collectionsplants that grazingused for and the droughtmedication. in that Despite order this to SMH, et al. (2008-2009) Encyclopedia of Flora and Fauna Ahmed ZU, Hassan MA, Begum ZNT, Khondker M, Kabi naturally growing species, as they believe those species in 11. ofHuq Bangladesh, AM (1986) Asiat Plant Soc Names Bangladesh, of Bangladesh. Dhaka, Bangladesh6: 10. thefact, wild traditional vegetation healers are more still depend powerful to ain greaterthe treatment extent onof different ailments and health problems the scarcity of the plantation area for growing the plants in the study area. 12. NationalPasha MK, Herbarium, Uddin SB BARC,(2013) Dhaka, Dictionary Bangladesh. of Plant Names Further pharmacological and phytochemical research studies are recommended to identify active components in Bangladesh pp: 1-434. of Bangladesh. JanokalyanProkashani. Chittagong. the different human diseases. 13. the recorded medicinal plants, and their efficiency to cure (2012) Ethno-medico-botanical study among the four Acknowledgements indigenousMohiuddin communities M, Alam MK, of BasakBandarban, SR, HossainBangladesh. MK The authors are grateful to the local people in Lohagara upazila of Narail district, Bangladesh for their co-operation 14. BangladeshAnisuzzaman JPlant M, TaxonRahman 19(1): 45-53.AHMM, Rashid MH, Naderuzzaman ATM, Islam AKMR, et al. (2007) An Ethnobotanical Study of Madhupur, Tangail. Journal of and Referenceshelp during the research work. Applied Sciences Research 3(7): 519-530. 15. Sajib NH, Uddin SB (2013) Medico-botanical studies of 1. Sandwip Island in Chittagong, Bangladesh. Bangladesh J. of Orissa -plants in and around Bhubaneswar, Orissa, Nagarjun,Yoganarasimhan pp: 15-20. SN, Dutta PK (1970) Medicinal plants 16. Farhana ME, Faria LA, Rani R, Rahman AHMM (2021) 2. Sahu SC, Kumar S, Singh NR (2018) Agro Technology Plant Taxon 20(1): 39-49. status and conservation of few threatened medicinal plants from Deogarh district, odisha, india. Journal of BiologyAsteraceae: and ALife Taxonomically Sciences 3(1): and 1-17 Medicinally Important Biodiversity and conservation 1(2): 84-88. Sunflower Family. American International Journal of 17. Asha NA, Rahman AHMM (2021) A Survey of Medicinal 3. Panda T, Padhy RN (2007) Ethnomedicinal plantsu sed by tribes of Kalahandi district, Orisa. IndianJournalof Upazila of Kushtia District, Bangladesh. Research in Traditional Knowledge 7(2): 242-249. PlantPlants Sciences Used by 9(1):Folk Medicinal 1-9 Practitioners in Daulatpur 4. Dhal NK, Panda SS, Muduli SD (2015) Traditional uses 18. of medicinal plants by native people in Nawarangpur Rahman AHMM (2021) Folk Medicinal Plants Used by

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