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MONOGRAPH on MARINE PLANKTON of EAST COAST of INDIA a Cruise Report MONOGRAPH ON MARINE PLANKTON OF EAST COAST OF INDIA A Cruise Report Published by Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS), Ocean Valley, Pragathi Nagar (B.O.), Nizampet (S.O.) Hyderabad - 500 090, India Phone: +91-40-23895000 Fax : +91-40-23895001 Email: [email protected] Citation: K.C. Sahu, S.K. Baliarsingh, S. Srichandan, Aneesh A. Lotliker, T.S. Kumar. 2013. Monograph on Marine Plankton of East Coast of India-A Cruise Report. Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services, Hyderabad, 146 pp. Cover design: S.K. Baliarsingh ©2013, Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services, Hyderabad, India All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publishers. ISBN: 978-81-923474-2-4 Document design: Aneesh A. Lotliker & S.K. Baliarsingh Author Information Prof. K.C Sahu Dept. of Marine Sciences, Berhampur University, Odisha-760007, India Email: [email protected] S.K. Baliarsingh Dept. of Marine Sciences, Berhampur University, Odisha-760007, India Email: [email protected] S. Srichandan Dept. of Marine Sciences, Berhampur University, Odisha-760007, India Email: [email protected] Aneesh A. Lotliker, Ph.D Advisory Services and Satellite Oceanography Group (ASG) Indian national Centre for Ocean information Services (INCOIS), Hyderabad-500090, India Email: [email protected] T. Srinivasa Kumar, Ph.D Advisory Services and Satellite Oceanography Group (ASG) Indian national Centre for Ocean information Services (INCOIS), Hyderabad-500090, India Email: [email protected] PREFACE This monograph is an attempt to document the plankton encountered during the cruise program conducted during the period from 1.4.2011 to 8.4.2011. The plankton materials were collected onboard from MoES research vessel CRV Sagar Paschimi (Cruise no.09/11). It was organized jointly by INCOIS (Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services), Hyderabad India and ICMAM (Integrated Coastal and Marine Area Management), Chennai, India. Total number of twenty-eight phytoplankton and twenty-eight zooplankton surface samples were collected from 28 stations along seven transects. Transects were strategically selected in the offshore regions of major rivers viz. Pennar, Krishna, Godavari, Gostani, Rushikulya, Devi and Mahanadi. Phytoplankton and zooplankton were identified using research microscope. A total number of five groups of phytoplankton comprising of 123 species were encountered during the study period. In case of zooplankton, it was identified under two categories viz., (i) Meroplankton or Temporary plankton and (ii) Holoplankton or Permanent plankton with a total number of 132 (106 species and other larval forms). Some important species of phytoplankton and zooplankton of major groups are listed in this manuscript with their taxonomic position besides microscope photographs. This monograph will be more useful for identification of phytoplankton and zooplankton for researchers, students and biodiversity managers. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The report is a part of SATellite Coastal and Oceanographic Research (SATCORE) Programme coordinated by Indian National Centre for Ocean and Information Services (INCOIS). The authors are highly indebted to the Director, for his support and encouragement. Thanks to Vessel Management Cell (VMC), National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT), Chennai for providing CRV Sagar Paschimi for sampling. Thanks to Dr. S. K. Dash, Integrated Coastal and Marine Area Management (ICMAM), who was the Chief Scientist of the cruise, research scholars of Annamalai University and all the crew members of vessel CRV Sagar Paschimi for their help and continuous support in the program. Special thanks to Dr. P. Santhanam, Asst. Professor, Dept. of Marine Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirapalli for his thorough initial review of the scientific and taxonomical information of the monograph. We are also thankful to Dr. R. Jyothibabu, Scientist, National Institute of Oceanography for reviewing the document and providing the constructive suggestions to make the monograph more scientific. Without their constructive suggestions and necessary rectifications, it would have been more difficult to compile it in the present form. Special gratitude is expressed to the review committee members of SATCORE for their valuable suggestions to publish the depository as a monograph. T. Srinivasa Kumar CONTENTS Introduction ................................................................................................................................................ 1 Phytoplankton ............................................................................................................................................ 3 Diatoms ............................................................................................................................................ 4 Dinoflagellates ............................................................................................................................... 51 Green algae .................................................................................................................................... 70 Cyanobacteria ................................................................................................................................ 73 Golden-Brown algae ...................................................................................................................... 76 Zooplankton ............................................................................................................................................. 77 Holoplankton ................................................................................................................................. 78 Polythalamea .................................................................................................................... 78 Spirotrichea ....................................................................................................................... 81 Atentaculata ...................................................................................................................... 84 Tentaculata ........................................................................................................................ 85 Hydrozoa .......................................................................................................................... 86 Ostracoda .......................................................................................................................... 87 Branchiopoda .................................................................................................................... 88 Gastropoda ........................................................................................................................ 90 Maxillopoda ...................................................................................................................... 91 Malacostraca ................................................................................................................... 121 Thaliacea ......................................................................................................................... 123 Pycnogonoda .................................................................................................................. 125 Meroplankton .............................................................................................................................. 126 References .............................................................................................................................................. 145 Monograph on Marine Plankton of East Coast of India: A Cruise Report Introduction The plankton community is a heterogeneous group of tiny plants (Phytoplankton) and animal (zooplankton). They are found in suspension in the sea and fresh waters. Plankton is of immense value as food, medicine, energy and play an important role in the disposal of sewage and in the natural purification of polluted waters. The phytoplankton is the basis of food chain and is very efficient and easily detectable indicator of ecological changes in the aquatic environment. Fig.1. Cruise transects along offshore region of major rivers (P: Pennar, K: Krishna, GD: Godavari, GO: Gostani, R: Rushikulya, D: Devi, M: Mahanadi) [1] Monograph on Marine Plankton of East Coast of India: A Cruise Report They are capable of quantifying changes in water quality and applicable over large geographic areas and can also furnish data on background conditions and natural variability. Zooplankton represents an important component of marine life forming important compartment (s) of food web between the primary producer and carnivorous fish. In fact, success or failure of the fisheries of the coastal waters often depends upon the zooplankton production. In the present report our focus is to present the planktonic species in coastal water of Bay of Bengal. Further the photomicrographs will be serving as an efficient tool for taxonomy. The samples were collected from twenty eight stations along seven transects in coastal waters of Bay of Bengal influenced by major rivers viz. Pennar, Krishna, Godavari, Gostani, Rushikulya, Devi, and Mahanadi (Fig 1). Morphological features of species were investigated using research microscope. The morphological attributes of each organism were carefully examined and identified up to genera and species level. [2]
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