Project Implementation Agency
Public Disclosure Authorized Emergency Tsunami Reconstruction Project Government of Puducherry
Environmental Impact Assessment Study for Reconstruction and Modernization of Puduchery Fishing Harbour
Public Disclosure Authorized
April 2011
Public Disclosure Authorized
WAPCOS Limited
Public Disclosure Authorized
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. GENERAL The Puduchery fishing harbour is constructed on Ariyankuppam river mouth at Thengaithittu in Puducherry. At present 115 mechanized boats are operated from this fishing harbour. The other facilities available in this fishing harbour are 2 Nos. of Auction hall, Work shed, Diesel (bunk) outlet, Vehicle parking shed, Fishing boat repair yard, Fishing Harbour Management Society Office, One power room with 440 volts capacity receiving 315 KW power from transformer, Overhead tank capacity of 80,000 litres. Puducherry fisheries department proposes the reconstruction and modernization works in the existing fishing harbour at Puduchery to augument the above mentioned facilities for additional fish catch. The present document outlines the Executive Summary of the EIA study of Reconstruction and Modernization of Puducherry fishing harbor. 2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION The proposed of Reconstruction and Modernization of Puducherry fishing harbor envisages the following facilities: Extension of Quay and providing appropriate fender on the quay. Modernisation of sloping yard Marine Mechanized Workshop Boat making and repairing yard Fish Processing Unit Ice Plant Treatment for discharge of effluent sullage
2.1 EXTENSION OF QUAY Puducherry Fishing Harbour has 119 wooden mechanized boats and 83 are FRB boats with inboard Engine. The total length of quay required for Mechanised and FRB boats shall be 540 m. A wharf of 330 m length is already available, and it is proposed to extend the wharf by another 200 m to accommodate additional number of boats. It is proposed to have the lower level for anchoring the FRP boats and to dredge upto 2.5m level on the basin side for facilitating the berthing of vessels without any hardship. 2.2 MODERNIZATION OF SLOPING YARD There is no proper rail arrangement and cradle system to receive the boats and there is no proper hauling system to beach the boat for repairing and the fisherman communities are finding great difficulty for beaching their vessel for repair. Following works are proposed for the modernization of sloping yard: Construction of cofferdam in front of the sloping hard to rectify the damage if any. The disturbed portion of the existing sloping hard floor is proposed for improvement. Providing CR100 Rail of 2.5 m at 3 m apart in sloping hard area, transfer bay area for the movement of transfer cradle and also in the boat making and repair yard. Providing winch room with winch of suitable capacity. Fabrication of sloping cradle, Boat trolley and Transfer cradle. There is no proper workshop for the repair of engines, propeller etc., and the fisherman find it difficult to repair them. Therefore, it is proposed to have one workshop at the harbour. 2.3 BOAT MAKING AND REPAIR YARD The proposed boat making and Repair Yard is placed at northern side of the sloping yard. It consists of 3 Bays on each side and each bay is provided with CR100 Rail arrangements. There is no boat making and repair yard at present in Puducherry and the fishermen are finding it difficult to build or repair the Boat. The fisherman has to go to Cuddalore for utilising the boat making and repair yard facilities. In this Boat making and Repair yard, 6 Nos. of Boats can be repaired or build at a time.
2.4 ICE PLANT
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As per CMFRI data the total fish catch at Puducherry is 26 tonne per day. Approximately 50% of total fish catch is considered for iceing, hence the total quantity of ice required at Puducherry harbor is estimated to be 53 tonnes. The ice plants available in Puducherry do not fulfill the ice requirement at Puducherry. Hence, it is proposed to provide a ice plant with a capacity of 50 tonnes per day. 2.5 FISH PROCESSING UNIT
The fish process consists of mainly processing unit, freezing unit and chilled storage unit. It is proposed to have a fish processing unit of 6T capacity initially which will be expanded to 12T capacity at ultimate stage (year 2040) to process, freeze and preserve the low value fishes and to supply the same in the local market at higher cost. 2.6 NET MENDING SHED At present there is no proper net mending shed to mend their nets and the fishermen are using the existing auction halls for this purpose and therefore it is proposed to construct the same.
2.7 TREATMENT OF SULLAGE On the commencement of full fledged commercial activity in modernised Puducherry fishing harbour, it is expected that around 750 fishermen (150 x 5) and around 250 outsiders may use the harbour. The average fish catch per day is 26 Tonnes and the total sullage expected to be generated in the fishing harbour is estimated as 40,000 litres/day. In addition, around 10,000 litres/day is expected to be generated in the pre processing unit. Hence the total quantity of sullage likely to be generated in the Puducherry fishing harbour shall be 50,000 litres. It is proposed to provide a comprehensive sullage collection and treatment system . 2.8 DREDGING As per the Feasibility Report, during the Pre stake holder’s meeting conducted on 24.04.2009, it was unanimously demanded to dredge the mouth as well as the fishing harbour area for navigation and berthing of vessels. A detailed Bathymetry survey to ascertain the depth available in front of the wharf and along the approach channel in the river was carried out. From the Bathymetry chart, it is seen that the depth available in front of the wharf and upto the tip of the break water is less than required. The total quantity of dredging envisaged is 272764 m3. The project layout map as superimposed on HTL/LTL map is enclosed as Figure 1. The Cost Estimate has been prepared and the total cost for the Puducherry Fishing Harbour has been estimated as Rs.1907.70 lakhs.
4. ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE STATUS The Study Area considered for the EIA study has been considered as the area within radius of 10 km considering the proposed project site at the centre. As a part of the EIA study, the baseline status has been ascertained for various aspects and the same is summarized in the following sections: 4.1 METEOROLOGY In the project area the average annual rainfall is 1245 mm. Majority of rainfall is received in the period from October to December. In the project area, the temperature starts increasing from February end and it reaches up to 37 oC. The average maximum and minimum temperatures during the summer season are 43 oC and 27 oC respectively.
4.2 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY
The ambient air quality monitoring was carried out with a frequency of two samples per week at three locations in August / September, 2010. The parameters monitored as a part of the study are listed as below:
• PM 10 • PM 2.5 • Sulphur dioxide (SO 2)
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• Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx).
3 The PM 2.5 concentration varies from 21.46 to 31.68 g/m at various stations Values of PM 10 ranged from 23.33 to 35.57 µg/m 3, which is below the prescribed limits of 60 µg/m 3 and 100 3 µg/m respectively. The concentration of SO 2 at various stations ranged from 5.21 to 8.59 3 3 µg/m , which is below the prescribed limits of 80 µg/m . Similarly NO X concentration was below detectable limits.
4.3 NOISE ENVIRONMENT Baseline noise levels were recorded at 3 locations in the study area and equivalent noise level were calculated. The day time noise level ranged from a minimum of 29 dB(A) to a maximum of 40 dB(A). The night time noise level ranged from a minimum of 26 dB(A) to a maximum of 33 dB(A), which area well below the permissible limit. 4.4 LANDUSE PATTERN The landuse pattern of the study area has also been studied using satellite data. The major portion of study area is occupied by water bodies (51.78%). Area under vegetation and agriculture accounts for about 17.29 % and 19.56 % of the total study area respectively. The settlements and barren area are about 3.62%, and 6.22 % respectively. 4.5 MARINE WATER QUALITY The temperature of the surface water samples ranged from 24°C to 26°C. pH value also did not exhibit insignificant variation and was in the range of 8.0 – 8.2. There is no fresh water influence was recorded during the time of collection and thus the salinity of surface water samples varied from 29 to 31 ppt. The DO values recorded in the four stations ranged from 4.20 mg/l to 4.60 mg/l. Biochemical Oxygen Demand varied from 1.04 to 1.35 mg/l. The phosphate and nitrates concentrations varied between 0.329 to .538 mol/l and 1.071 to 1.115 mol/l respectively. Major Elements and Trace Metals The concentration of cadmium in the water samples varied from 0.19 to 0.31 g/l. The concentration of Zinc in the study areas varied between12.0 to 13.80 g/l. The estimated concentrations of lead ranged from 3 to 4.2 g/l. The mercury level varied from 12 mg/l to 13 mg/l. 4.6 Sediment Quality The pH of sediments at various samples ranged from 8.1 to 8.2. The total phosphorus concentrations were varied between 1.65 and 2.1 mg/g. The total nitrogen concentration ranged between 1.45 and 1.92 mg/g. zinc recorded at high concentrations in the range from 16.9 to 18.9 g/g. The concentrations of lead varied between 5.9 and 6.4 g/g. The maximum concentration of mercury was recorded as 49 g/g. 4.7 Marine Ecology Detailed marine ecological survey was conducted from 5 locations to establish the existing status of the marine water around the proposed project site. The parameters covered in marine survey includes primary productivity, Chlorophyll’a, Phaeo pigment, Phytoplankton, Total Biomass, Zooplanktons, Macrobenthos, Meio benthos et; The net primary productivity varies from 1.20 to 1.918 mg/m 3. Chlorophyll’a content varied between 1.19 to 1.29 mg/m 3. Phaeophytin content was analyzed in the range of 1.11 to 1.19 mg/m 3. The phytoplankton density varies from 625 Nos./l to 5898 Nos./l. The zooplankton population ranged from 400 to 4725 Nos./l . The macro benthos recorded in the sampling locations were in the range of 9 36 nos./m 2. 4.8 Socio-economic Aspects
As per the Marine Fisheries Census 2005 of Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, the total number of fishermen in the Union of Puducherry is 43,028 in 11,541 households. Out of 43,028 fisherfolk population, only 10,341 fisherfolk populations are active fishermen. Out of this, 9,503 are full time fishermen, 401 are part time fishermen and 437 are occasional
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fishermen. In Puducherry region 2,539 fishermen are full time fishermen and 1,166 are part time fishermen. 5. ASSESSMENT OF IMPACTS Based on the project details and the baseline environmental status, potential impacts that are expected to accrue as a result of the proposed project have been briefly described in the following sections. 5.1 WATER ENVIRONMENT a) CONSTRUCTION PHASE Impacts due to effluents from labour camps The peak labour requirement during construction phase be about 200. The total water requirement for the laborers works out to 30 m 3/day and the sewage generated will be about 24 m3/day. It is proposed to treat the sewage from labour camps prior to disposal. Impacts due to dredging The total dredging envisaged in this project works out to 58,020 m 3. The potential environmental effects of dredging can be categorized as impacts due to dredging process itself and those due to disposal of the dredged material. During the dredging process may have some adverse impacts like loss material during transport to the surface, overflow from the dredger whilst loading and loss of material from the dredger and/or pipelines during transport. Impacts on benthic organisms The increase in turbidity results in decrease in the depth that light is able to penetrate the water column which may affect submerged seaweeds and plants, by temporarily reducing productivity and growth rates. However none of macro and meio faunal species observed at the site were coming under rare, endangered or threatened category. Hence, no major impacts are anticipated. Impacts due to dredging and disposal of organic matter and nutrients
The release of organic rich sediments during dredging or disposal can result in the localised removal of oxygen from the surrounding water which may lead to the suffocation of marine animals and plants within the localised area or may deter migratory fish or mammals from passing through. However, removal of oxygen from the water is only temporary, as tidal exchange would quickly replenish the oxygen supply. Therefore, in most cases where dredging is taking place in open coastal waters, this localised removal of oxygen has little, if any, effect on marine life.
Impacts due to contaminated sediments
In all the sites surveyed, the sediment samples analyzed did not show the presence of any appreciable levels of contamination and hence may not pose any such problems. Impact on phytoplanktons and primary productivity Dredging and disposal may lead to increased turbidity and consequent reduction of light penetration for short periods. This may affect primary productivity and plankton biomass. However, turbidity due to dredging and dumping will be observed only in a localised area and only for a very short duration. Hence these impacts are not expected to be significant in nature in the proposed project. Impacts on fisheries The high turbidity due to heavy suspended solid load during dredging or disposal of dredged materials results in clogging of gills of fishes thereby causing asphyxiation. Fishes generally swim away from the area being dredged. Once the turbidity is over due to currents, they come back to the area. Due to this capability of the fishes there is no significant adverse impact on fishes and fisheries is expected on fisheries as a result of dredging. Impacts due to operation of construction equipment The combustion of diesel in construction equipment could be one of the possible sources of incremental air pollution during the construction phase. However, incremental concentration
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estimated during operation phase is quite low and does not require any specific control measure. Socio Economic Environment In the construction stage the peak labour force, skilled and unskilled labourers, is estimated at about 200. About 50% of the labour population are likely to come from nearby sites. Thus, it is necessary to develop adequate infrastructure facilities, so that the requirements of the immigrating labour population are met.
B) OPERATION PHASE Apart from the domestic sewage, totally 50,000 litres of sullage is likely to be generated in the Puducherry fishing harbour. The sullage generated from two auction halls, Pre processing unit, Ice plant and Mechanised workshop will be collected in the manholes at the respective location and finally treated in the Effluent Treatment Plant and shall be reused for the horticulture purposes after treatment. Solid waste The predicted total Municipal Solid Waste (including Fish Waste) is expected to be about 3.0 tonne/day .Solid waste comprises all bulky rubbish, old pieces of rope and netting, broken fish boxes etc. 5.3 IMPACTS ON NOISE ENVIRONMENT (a) Construction phase The major sources of noise during construction phase are due to operation of construction equipment and transport vehicles. It has been observed that at a distance of 100 m and 200 m from the construction site, the increase in noise levels will be about 10 dB(A) and 15 dB(A) respectively. The nearest residential areas are at a distance of about 500 m from the proposed project site. Hence, no adverse impacts are anticipated on noise levels due to the proposed project. b) Operation phase No major impacts on noise environment are anticipated during project operation phase. 5.4 IMPACTS ON AIR ENVIRONMENT (a) Construction phase Impacts due to fugitive emissions The major pollutant in the construction phase is SPM being air borne due to various construction activities. The vehicular movement generates pollutants such as NOx, CO and HC. But, the vehicular pollution is not expected to lead to any major impacts. The fugitive emissions generated due to vehicular movement are not expected to travel beyond a distance of 200 to 300 m. The impact on air environment during construction phase is not expected to be significant, since, there is no habitation in the vicinity of the site. (b) Operation phase The major source of air pollution in the post project phase is the vehicular movement for transportation of fish catch to different destinations of markets. On an average about 10 to 20 trucks per day will move in the area. The pollution levels due to those are not expected to be significant to cause significant adverse impact on ambient air quality. 5.5 IMPACTS ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT (a) Construction phase In the construction stage the peak labour force, skilled and unskilled labour, is estimated at about 200. About 100 labour population are likely to come from nearby sites. The balance, i.e. 100 labour and their family members are likely to stay near construction sites. Thus, it is necessary to develop adequate infrastructure facilities, so that the requirements of the immigrating labour population are met. (b) Operation phase
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At present the fishing activities are already in place without any safe berthing. However reconstruction and modernization of the harbour will further enhance the fishing activities with safe berthing along with increased hygienic conditions on the land side. 5.6 SUMMARY OF IMAPCTS The summary of impacts is given in Table 1 TABLE-1 SUMMARY OF PREDICTION
Issues considered for Result of Prediction Impacts Significance prediction Air Quality Impacts • Vehicular emission • The increase in the concentration of Low in the long term and with during transportation of NO X, CO and HC at a distance of suitable EMP like covering trucks construction materials 500m is negligible and the overall with tarpaulin sheets, regulation of concentration conform to NAAQS vehicle speeds and regular • The impacts are short term, emission checks temporary and shall cease to exist after construction is complete. • Vessel emission • Increase in concentration within the Low fish landing centre, but will return to background levels as the vessels are of low capacity Shoreline changes • Extension of Quay • Negligible littoral drift calculated, • Low and thereby resulting in negligible Modernization of sloping yard accretion / erosion
Land / Aesthetics • Disposal of solid wastes • Increased organic, toxic and heavy • Low, when appropriate from canteen, fish meal, metal loads from runoff management measures are rotten fish, ship wastes, • Odour and pests infection implemented. vessel repair wastes inland inside the fish landing centre Water Quality / Ecological Impacts • Construction activities • Increased turbidity from boulder • Medium during construction laying phase • Smothering of benthic flora/fauna • Beneficial in the long term after • The impacts are short term and construction ceases cease after construction is complete. • Provide nurseries and breeding grounds after construction is complete • Fishing operations, • Increased pathogen, organic loads • High ( ve) wastewater disposal, leading to DO depletion, • Low when integrated with boat repairs Eutrophication resulting in fish kills, Environmental and Fish landing decomposition and infection centre management plans and • Toxics and hazardous wastes may non fisheries impacts (from lead to bioaccumulation and bio municipal sewage) are magnification especially in juveniles regulated; • Discharge of oil sewage • Increased organic loads, oil and • Low when onshore facilities for and waste water from grease inside the breakwater with reception of oily wastes, slop
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Issues considered for Result of Prediction Impacts Significance prediction vessels insufficient mixing and wastewater are provided. Adherence to EMP items shall be ensured by the Dept. of Fisheries. Socio Economics Livelihood and employment • The region is a fishing village with • High (Positive) no other means of livelihood. Increased employment opportunities to locals from fisheries associated activities like net mending, boat repairs, markets, exports etc., Risk Fuelling Operations • Impacts from Worst Case • Low significance under normal Scenario are limited to the fish operating conditions landing centre. However, • Consequences limited to fish considering the generally crowded landing centre only, during nature of fish landing centre it is abnormal conditions as low required to provide fire hydrants in quantities of fuel shall be the vicinity of berthing locations handled. • Adequate care needs to be taken • Adequate Fire hydrants and for protection of the fuel pipelines first aid facilities shall be provided within the fish landing centre. • Marine Environment Dredging Impact on Marine water quality, marine • Low significance under normal ecology, disposal of dredged material. operating conditions The dredged material has to be • Dredging area is free from any disposed at identified location which is chemical contamination and having minimum impact on the marine sewage pollution environment. Physical and chemical nature of the dredged material determines the disposal method. It was observed that the proposed area is free from any chemical contamination and sewage pollution. The dredge material is proposed to use for raising the platform level of fishing harbour above the high flood level. As per the soil investigation report, the dredged material shall be non expansive to low expansive and hence it can be used for refilling purposes • Net Impacts • Low ( ve) significance for short term • Net Benefits • High (+ve) significance for long term
6. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for the proposed fishising harbour is briefly described in the following sections:
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6.1 SURFACE WATER QUALITY
The following measures are recommended: • Various construction activities should be well coordinated and optimized to avoid time and cost over run. • Dredging shall not be carried out during the fish breading season (during April 15 to May 31) • Spillage of fuel / engine oil and lubricants shall be prevented by suitable precautions and also by providing necessary mechanisms to trap the spillage. • Temporary colonies of the construction workers shall be established sufficiently away from the HTL and adequate sanitation facilities shall be provided to prevent degrading the environmental quality of the area. • Construction activities like dredging, etc will be carried out in the confined manner to reduce the impacts on marine environment. • Construction waste including the debris shall be disposed safely in the designated areas and in no case shall be disposed in the marine environment. 6.2 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY • All regularly used roadways around the site must be swept daily with a tank mounted road sweeper and washed by a trunk mounted cart. • All transport shall be properly covered at the bottom and top with perfect sealing of plastic/tarpaulin sheets, so that no coal dust spills and spreads out during present operation. • All vehicles/ equipment deployed in the project shall have valid emission control certification from respective authorities. • All construction vehicles should comply with emission standards of CPCB and be maintained properly. • Use of Ready mix concrete wherever possible shall be explored. In the case of use of Concrete Mixer, Concrete Mixer should be mounted on shelter with top and slides closed. 6.3 NOISE QUALITY • Measures for minimizing noise generated from vehicles and other mechanical devices should be adopted which may include damping, absorption, dissipation and deflection methods. Depending on the noise levels, measures such as construction of sound enclosures, deployment of mufflers, mounting noise sources on isolators and use of materials with damping properties, shall be deployed during construction. • DG sets shall be installed with acoustic enclosures and silencers so as to reduce noise up to the standard level as far as possible. • Ear protective devices shall be used by the construction workers where they are exposed to steady noise levels above 85 dB (A). 6.4 LAND ENVIRONMENT • Construction of fish landing centre should be carried out as per applicable regulations such as local planning requirements, fishery sector guide lines, coastal zone regulations and other environment regulations of Government of India and The World Bank. • Planning and design should be as per earthquake resistant design and construction guidelines / practices laid down by the Bureau of Indian Standards [IS:1893 (Part –1) : 2002] and approved by the competent authorities. No deviation from the approved implementation plan, layout and design specifications should be made. • Hazardous materials like diesel, LPG and paints, etc., required during various stages of construction should be stored as per the explosives act of GoI and necessary permissions / authorizations shall be secured prior to the deployment of such material.
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6.5 MARINE ENVIRONMENT • Dredging shall not be undertaken during fish breeding season and other special weather situations. • Vessels operating during construction phase such as dredger shall be equipped with spill response kits. • Suitable dredging methods to be used to minimise the loss of sediments into the neighbouring water column and cause minimum disturbance to the marine ecology of the area using crawl cat dredger or coastal dredger or pontoon mounted system for grabbing and sufficient number of barges for dumping transporting and disposal to the project site and dumping site. • Total Suspended Solids in sea water to be monitored at various locations in and around the dredging/construction work areas in order to assess the sediment transport and the resultant impacts; • Disposal of dredge spoils shall be carried out at the designated sites as per the stipulated guidelines. • Green belt shall be developed in the fish landing centre by planting of trees along the entrance gate, road side, net mending shed etc. • disposal of sewage from the construction work area in to sea, shall be prevented with suitable wastewater treatment measures • Strict management of the aquatic environment should be followed during the construction phase through waste control, use of minimum disturbance techniques during construction for ensuring minimal changes to the aquatic environment.
6.6 WASTE WATER MANAGEMENT • Total 50,000 litres of sullage and 24 m3 is likely to be generated in the Puducherry fishing harbour. Sequential Batch Reactor Technology based Sewage cum Effluent Treatment Plant is proposed as a part of the reconstruction and modernization project. The treated water will be used in gardening and toilet flushing. 6.7 OIL SPILL MITIGATION DURING THE OPERATION OF FLC • Oil boom is proposed near the complex so that any oil that is spilled can be arrested by using the boom. The trapped oil is sucked out using a hand suction pump and transferred to the Oil collection container. • Waste oil will be collected in 200 litre oil drums and soled to oil processing companies for reprocessing. 6.8 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT • The solid wastes so generated will contain Solid waste comprising all bulky rubbish, old pieces of rope and netting, broken fish boxes etc. The total solid waste to be generated would be of the order of 3 t/day, which will be collected and recyclable waste will be recycled. The balance solid waste will be disposed of at designated landfill site. 6.9 GREENBELT DEVELOPMENT • It is proposed to develop greenbelt around various project appurtenances, which will go a long way to achieve environmental protection and mitigation of pollution levels in the area. About 2 ha of land is proposed to be afforested as a part of Greenbelt Development Plan. . The plantation will be at a spacing of 2.5 x 2.5 m. The width of the greenbelt will be 30 m. About 1,600 trees per hectare will be planted.
6.10 SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN The summary of Environmental Management Plan is given in Table – 2
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TABLE - 2 Summary of Environmental Management Plan S. Issues / Impacts Mitigation Measures Responsibility No. During Construction Stage 1 Infrastructure The Contractor during the progress of work Contractor provisions at will provide, erect and maintain necessary construction living accommodation and ancillary facilities camps for labour as per the requirements of applicable labour regulations of Government of India. All the work sites and camp sites shall also be provided with basic sanitation and infrastructure as per the requirements of Building and other Construction Workers (regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) Act, 1996. 2 Transportation of The contractor should bring construction Contractor construction material only from approved quarries. materials Heavy vehicles shall be covered with Tarpaulin sheets to minimize fugitive dust during transportation 3 Ambient Air quality All the vehicles must have valid PUC Contractor certificates, Water sprinkling shall be done to suppress the dust emissions from the site. All the DG sets used for construction shall have valid consents from TNPCB 4 Noise The construction materials shall be properly Contractor maintained and barricades shall be provided around the site for reducing the noise levels. All the workers will be provided with personal protective equipment including ear plugs and other necessary provisions by the contractor. 5 Water The quality of water (marine, river and Contractor wastewater discharged from the camps) shall be analysed once in three months during construction, for its compliance to the disposal standards of pollution control authority. 6 Emergency First aid kits and emergency treatment Contractor Management facilities shall be provided by the contractor at the work sites, camp sites and all other ancillary facilities. 7 Greenbelt Green belt with adequate number of trees Contractor and Fisheries development shall be developed and shall be maintained Department to ensure at 80% survival rate. 8 Marine • Dredging has to be carried out using crawl Contractor Environment cat dredger or coastal dredger or pontoon mounted system. • Dredging to be avoided during April 15 to May 31 to avoid the impacts on fish
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S. Issues / Impacts Mitigation Measures Responsibility No. breeding • Dredged material to be disposed by suction and pumping through pipeline to disposal site. • Vessels operating during construction phase such as dredger shall be equipped with spill response kits. Operation Stage 1 Monitoring The PIU and Fishing harbour management Fisheries Department and Operational shall monitor the operational performance of Fishing harbour management, Performance the various mitigation measures implemented in the project. This shall include overall hygiene practices of the Fishing harbour, performance of wastewater treatment plant, impacts due to dredging material dump site etc; 2 Water & Waste Surface water, ground water, marine water and Fisheries Department and water treated / untreated wastewater quality shall be Fishing harbour management, analysed by on a quarterly basis 3. Air Environment Ambient air quality and DG stack monitoring Fisheries Department and shall be done once in a quarter. Fishing harbour management, Water sprinkling for dust suppression and Greenbelt development shall be carried out in the premises. Proper maintenance of boats shall be ensured to reduce the emissions. 4. Noise DG sets with acoustic enclosures shall be Fisheries Department and deployed. Fishing harbour management, 5. Solid Waste Solid waste from the site should be source Fisheries Department and segregated and collected into biodegradable & Fishing harbour management, non biodegradable waste. The biodegradable waste will be treated in organic waste converter (OWC) and used as manure, whereas the non biodegradable waste shall be sent to authorised recyclers. 6 Emergency First aid kits and emergency treatment facilities Fisheries Department and Management shall be maintained by the Fishing harbour Fishing harbour management, operating agency. Adequate fire extinguishers shall be provided in the premises with clear fire exit signals and sign boards are displayed for evacuation.
7. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING DURING OPERATION PHASE
The summary of Environmental Monitoring during operation phase is given in Table 3.
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TABLE – 3 Details of Environmental Monitoring during Operation Phase S. Aspects Parameters to be Frequency of Location No. monitored monitoring 1. Marine water Physico chemical pH, Salinity, EC, Once in three 3 sites parameters TDS, Turbidity, months Phosphates, Nitrates, Sulphates, Chlorides. Biological parameters Light penetration, Once a year 3 sites Chlorophyll, Primary Productivity, Phytoplanktons, Zooplanktons 2. Sediments Physico chemical Texture, pH, Sodium, Once in three 3 sites parameters Potassium, months Phosphate, Chlorides, Sulphates Biological parameters Benthic Meio fauna, Once in a year 3 sites Benthic Macro fauna 3. Greenbelt Growth of various Once in three Greenbelt Develoment species, need for any months sites additional inputs in the form of agro chemicals, irrigation, protection etc.
8. COST ESTIMATE The cost estimates for implementing EMP shall be Rs.27 million. The details are given in Table 4. TABLE-4 Summary of cost estimate for implementing Environmental Management Plan (EMP) S. Parameter Cost No. (Rs. million) 1. Solid Waste Management 3.70 2. Waste Water Treatment 20.00 2. Sanitary facilities at labour camps 0.80 3. Treatment of effluent from workshops 0.50 4. Greenbelt development 0.12 5. Purchase of noise meter 0.05 6. Implementation of Environmental Monitoring Programme during 1.60 construction phase (Refer Table 6.3) Total 26.67 say Rs. 27.0 million
The cost required for implementation of Environmental Monitoring Programe during construction phase is Rs.1.60 million. The cost required for implementation of Environmental Monitoring Programe during operation phase is Rs.0.75 million/year
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CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 INTRODUCTION
The Union Territory of Puducherry comprises of 4 maritime regions namely
Puducherry, Karaikal, Mahe and Yanam. The Puducherry is located on the east coast of India near the state of Tamil Nadu facing Bay of Bengal. Puducherry has a coastline of 24 km. There are 15 marine fishing villages in Puducherry region with
10,270 fishermen families. Out of 43,028 fishermen population in Puducherry region, only about 10,341 fishermen populations are active fishermen.
1.2 REGULATORY AUTHORITIES FOR CRZ REGULATION
National Coastal Management Authority (NCZMA) –The Authority examines and accords approval to area specific management plans, based on the recommendations of the State Coastal Zone Management Authorities and Union
Territory Coastal Zone Management Authorities
State Coastal Management Authority (SCZMA)
Based on the CRZ notification in 1991, the state Government constitutes Coastal
Zone Management Authority (SCZMA). The SCZMA is designated as having the power to take various measures for protecting and improving the quality of the coastal environment and preventing, abating and controlling environmental pollution in areas of the respective State/UT. For the present project, shall review the project and make recommendations to the National Coastal Zone Management Authority for according clearance under CRZ notification.
District Coastal Management Authority (DCZMA)
The State/ Union Territory Government constitutes the District Coastal Zone
Management Authorities (DCZMA) with Collector of the District as its Chairman, to
WAPCOS Limited 1-1 Project Implementation Agency EIA Study for Reconstruction and Modernization (Emergency Tsunami Reconstruction Project) of Puducherry fishing harbour
monitor, enforce and implement the provisions of Coastal Regulation Zone at the district level. Proposals seeking clearance under Coastal Regulation Zone
Notification are first scrutinized by the District Coastal Management Authority and then submitted to State Coastal Zone Management Authority (SCZMA). The DCZMA assists the State Coastal Zone Management Authority in discharging the expected duties apart from attending to the local issues concerned with the Coastal Regulation
Zones.
1.3 FISHERIES IN PUDUCHERRY
As mentioned earlier, Puducherry region has coastline of 24 km with rich marine fishing resources. As per the 2000 census of Department of Fisheries and
Fishermen Welfare, Government of Puducherry, the total number of mechanized boats were 789 and the total numbers of traditional crafts were 4515 in the entire
Puducherry Union. Karaikal region had the maximum number of 590 mechanized boats and Puducherry region had only 201 mechanized boats. Mahe and Yanam had 40 and 20 mechanized boats respectively. Among the traditional crafts
Puducherry region had the maximum of 2293 traditional crafts and Karaikal had
1297 carfts. In Mahe and Yanam, there were 350 and 575 crafts respectively. The total number of fishing crafts in Puducherry region as per the 2000 census was 5304.
The list of marine fishing villages alongwith number of fishermen families in each village is given in Table-1.1.
TABLE-1.1 Marine fishing villages in Puducherry Region S. No. Name of the Marine Fishing Village No. of families 1. KanagaChettikulam 227 2. Periyakalapet 720 3. Chinnakalapet 414 4. Pillaichavady 387 5. Solainagar 814
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S. No. Name of the Marine Fishing Village No. of families 6. Vithikuppam 773 7. Kurusukuppam 597 8. Vambakeerapalayam 1,646 9. Periyaveerampattinam 2,005 10. Chinnaveerampattinam 263 11. P. Pudhukuppam 325 12. Nallavadu 673 13. Pannithittu 545 14. Narambai 483 15. Moorthukuppam Pudhukuppam 398 Total 10,270 Source: Department of Fisheries & Fishermen Welfare, Puducherry
In the Union Territory of Puducherry out of 43,028 fisherfolk population, only 10,341 fisherfolk populations are active fishermen. Out of this, 9,503 are full time fishermen,
401 are part time fishermen and 437 are occasional fishermen.
The average marine fish production in the Union Territory of Puducherry is about
0.13 lakh tones during the period 1969 to 2008. As per 2000 census of Department of Fisheries and Fishermen Welfare, Government of Puducherry, there are total no. of 201 and 2293 mechanized boats and traditional crafts, respectively in Puducherry region. The gill nets contributed more to the total fishing gears. In Union Territory of
Puducherry, there are about 37099 fishing gears including small, medium and large totaling to about 32331 accounting for about 87.14% of the total fishing gears. The other types of fishing gears used in the region are trawl nets, drift nets, hook and lines, troll lines, shore seines, longlines, ring seines and scoop nets. The details of fishing gears as per CMFRI census -2005 for Union Territory of Puducherry are given in Table-1.2.
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TABLE-1.2
Details of fishing gears in Puducherry Region S. No. Name of Gear Numbers 1. Trawl net 1,598 2. Boat seine 1 3. Fixed Bag Net 14 4. Drift Net 1,376 5. Gill Net (Large) 1,402 6. Gill Net (Medium) 15,148 7. Gill Net (Small) 15,781 8. Hooks and Lines 918 9. Longlines 16 10. Troll lines 419 11. Ring seines 6 12. Shore seines 19 13. Scoop net 30 14. Others 371 Total 37, 099 Source: Marine Fisheries Census 2005, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Cochin.
The estimated marine fish landings from different fishing gears operated from different crafts in Union Territory of Puducherry are given in Table- 1.3.
TABLE-1.3
Estimated Marine Fish landings from different gears during 2008, in Union Territory of Puducherry S. Quantity of Type of craft / gear % contribution No. landings (tonnes) 1. Mechanized trawl net 5666 44.19 2. Mechanized boat gill net 785 6.12 3. Inboard engine / gill net 854 6.66 4. Outboard motor / gill net 1202 9.38 5. Outboard motor / Drift gill net 3874 30.22 6. Outboard motor / Hook and lines 332 2.59 7. Outboard motor / Shore Seine 108 0.84 Total 12821 100 Source: Department of Fisheries & Fishermen Welfare, Puducherry
The total catch from the trawl net and gill net of all types is about 5666 tons and
6715 tons respectively which accounts for 44.19% and 52.37% respectively of total fish landing.
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1.3 NEED FOR THE PROJECT
The Puduchery fishing harbour was constructed in Ariyankuppam river mouth at
Thengaithittu in Puducherry during the year 2000 at an estimated cost of Rs. 6 crores under the centrally sponsored scheme of Government of India. The
Puducherry fishing harbour has a quay of length of 330 m. At present 115 mechanized boats are berthed in this fishing harbour. At one end of the wharf, FRP boats with inboard engines are berthed. The other facilities available in this fishing harbour are as follows:
• Auction hall - 2 • Work shed - 1 • Diesel (bunk) outlet - 1 • Vehicle parking shed - 1 • Fishing boat repair yard - 1 • INCOIS PMSSS CRS Information System to denote wind speed, wave heights etc. • Fishing Harbour Management Society Office • One power room with 440 volts capacity receiving 315 KW power from transformer • 52 Sodium Vapour lamps and 24 Metalloid Vapour lamps • A tower for shore to vessel communication system • Overhead tank capacity of 80,000 litres
To augument the above mentioned facilities for additional fish catch, it is proposed to reconstruct and modernize the same in existing fishing harbour at Puduchery
1.4 OBJECTIVES OF THE EIA STUDY
The objectives of Environmental Impact Assessment for the reconstruction and modernization of existing fishing harbour at Puducherry are to assess the likely impacts on the existing quality of land, marine water, noise, air quality, marine as well as terrestrial ecology and socio-economic environment. Mitigating measures in the form of an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) have also been outlined as a part of the EIA report.
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The key components of the EIA study include:
- assessment of the existing status of physico-chemical, ecological (terrestrial and marine) and socio-economic aspects of environment
- identification of potential impacts on various environmental components due to activities envisaged during construction and operational phases of the proposed reconstruction and modernization of existing fishing harbour.
- prediction of significant impacts on major environmental components.
- delineation of Environmental Management Plan (EMP) outlining measures to minimize adverse impacts during construction and operational phases of the proposed project.
- formulation of environmental quality monitoring programme for construction and operation phases.
1.7 METHODOLOGY ADOPTED FOR THE EIA STUDY
The purpose of this section is to enumerate the steps carried out in an
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study. The same are briefly described in the following paragraphs.
Environmental Baseline study
Before the start of the project, it is essential to ascertain the baseline levels of appropriate environmental parameters which could be significantly affected by the implementation of the project. The planning of baseline survey emanates from short listing of impacts prepared during identification. The baseline study involved both field work and review of existing documents, which is necessary for identification of data which may already have been collected for other purposes.
As per the Ministry of Environment & Forests (MOEF) guidelines, the Study Area for the EIA study has been considered as the 10 km radius keeping the proposed project site at the centre. The baseline data on various environmental parameters like land use pattern, water quality, noise, meteorology, air quality, demography and socio-economics, terrestrial ecology and marine ecology was collected through field
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studies, literature review and collection of secondary data as available with various departments and locals.
The methodology adopted for various aspects of data collection is briefly described in the following paragraphs:
• Marine Ecology
The marine ecological survey was conducted in the month of August, 2009. The surface as well bottom water samples were collected using mechanized vessels.
Each location was fixed on benchmark and after reaching the site, the vessel was anchored.
Parameters like temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen were estimated by an
YSI temperature, salinity oxygen meter respectively at the site itself.
Plankton samples were collected by filtering a known volume of water by a plankton not of <60 µ mesh size bolting silk. Surface water was collected using a clean bucket without causing any disturbances. Likewise, the bottom water samples were collected by Nansen bottle. Sediment samples were collected by a grab sampler operated from the vessel.
The data on various aspects like major aquatic floral and faunal species, rare and endangered species, fisheries, crabs, prawns, mangroves, etc. was also collected as a part of primary data collection. Apart from this, the secondary data/information as available from the reported literature have been appropriately utilized in the EIA report.
• Ambient Air quality
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Ambient air quality monitoring was conducted at three locations in and around the project area. The parameters monitored were PM 10 , PM 2.5 , SO 2 and NOx.
• Noise Environment
Noise levels in the study area were recorded with A-weighted noise level meter at various sampling locations in and around the project area. The readings were taken during day and night time and equivalent noise levels were estimated and used in the EIA report.
• Socio-economic Aspects
The data on demography, socio-economics was collected from secondary data sources like Census handbook, Statistical handbook, and revenue records, etc.
• Landuse pattern
The landuse pattern of the study area has been studied using digital satellite data, which was procured from National Remote Sensing Agency (NRSA), Hyderabad in the form of CD-ROM for IRS-1C, LISS III. Detailed ground truth studies were conducted for formulation of signature data set. A supervised classification was then conducted using the GIS & IMAGINE processing software packages available in house at WAPCOS Centre for Environment. The landuse pattern has been also studied with use of revenue data (Census handbook).
Assessment of Impacts
With knowledge of the baseline conditions, project characteristics, the intensity of construction and operation activities and current critical conditions, detailed projections were made for the influence of the proposed project on physio-chemical, biological and social environment in the area. The impacts on environment due to construction and operation activities of the proposed project were identified.
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The various aspects of the environment covered as a part of the Impact Assessment were:
• Land Environment • Air Environment • Noise Environment • Terrestrial Environment • Socio-Economic Aspects.
An attempt was made to predict future environmental scenario quantitatively to the extent possible. However, for non-tangible impacts, qualitative assessment has been done.
Environmental Management Plan
The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) was delineated to ensure that the adverse impacts likely to accrue are altogether removed or minimized to the extent possible. After selection of suitable and feasible environmental mitigation measures, the cost required for implementation of various environmental management measures has been estimated to have an idea of their cost-effectiveness.
Environmental Monitoring Programme
A post-project environmental monitoring programme has been suggested to oversee the environmental safeguards, to ascertain the agreement between prediction and reality and to suggest the remedial measures not foreseen during the planning stage but during the operation phase and to generate data for further use. The equipment, manpower and cost required for the implementation of environmental monitoring programme were also suggested.
1.8 OUTLINE OF THE REPORT
The contents of the EIA report are arranged as follows:
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Chapter 1: The chapter gives an overview of the need for the project, objectives and need for EIA study etc.
Chapter 2: A brief write-up on various project appurtenances, construction schedule and construction material requirement have been covered in this chapter.
Chapter 3: Baseline environmental conditions including physical, biological and socio-economic parameters, resource base and infrastructure have been described in this chapter. Before the start of the project, it is essential to ascertain the baseline conditions of appropriate environmental parameters which could be significantly affected by the implementation of the project. The planning of baseline survey emanates from short listing of impacts prepared during identification. The baseline study involves both field work and review of existing documents, which is necessary for identification of data which may already have been collected for other purposes.
Chapter 4: Anticipated positive and negative impacts as a result of the construction and operation of the proposed project were assessed in the Chapter. Prediction is essentially a process to forecast the future environmental conditions of the project area that might be expected to occur as a result of the construction and operation of the proposed project. An attempt has been made to predict future environmental conditions quantitatively to the extent possible. But for certain parameters, which cannot be quantified, the general approach is to discuss such intangible impacts in qualitative terms so that planners and decision-makers are aware of their existence as well as their possible implications.
Chapter 5: Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for amelioration of anticipated adverse impacts likely to accrue as a result of the proposed project. The approach for formulation of an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is to maximize the
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positive environmental impacts and minimize the negative ones. After selection of suitable environmental mitigation measures, cost required for implementation of various management measures is also estimated.
Chapter 6: Environmental Monitoring Programme for implementation during project construction and operation phases has been delineated in this Chapter. The objective is to assess the adequacy of various environmental safeguards and to compare the predicted and actual scenario during construction and operation phases to suggest remedial measures not foreseen during the planning stage but arising during these phases and to generate data for further use. The cost for required for implementation of Environmental Monitoring Programme has also been summarized in this chapter.
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CHAPTER-2
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
2.1 PROPOSED INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT
In Puducherry Fishing Harbour, fish catch is 26 t/day and considering 200 effective fishing days in a year the total annual fish catch is around 5200 tonnes. To increase the fish catch, additional infrastructure facilities need to be created as a part of reconstruction and modernization of existing Puducherry Fishing Harbour. The following components are proposed under the reconstruction and modernization of
Puducherry Fishing Harbour:
• Extension of Quay and providing appropriate fender on the quay. • Modernisation of sloping yard • Marine Mechanized Workshop • Boat making and repairing yard • Fish Processing Unit • Ice Plant • Treatment for discharge of effluent sullage 2.2 EXTENSION OF QUAY The number of boats using the Puducherry Fishing Harbour as of now is 119 of which 116 are wooden mechanized boats and 83 are FRB boats with inboard
Engine, which is also treated as mechanised boat. The Sectoral Analysis study indicates that there shall be a likelihood increase in the FRB fleet using the harbour.
It is necessary to extend the length of quay to accommodate higher number of fishing boats. The total length of quay required for Mechanised and FRB boats shall be 540 m.A wharf of 330 m length is already available, and it is proposed to extend the wharf by another 200 m to accommodate additional number of boats.It is also proposed to lay the slab of 6m width and the total area likely to be concreted is 1200 sq.m. The existing wharf is made up of cantilever diaphragm wall, which was completed in the year 2005. To match wit the existing structure cantilever diaphragm
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wall is proposed. The angle of shearing resisting has considered as 35° in the design as per the Engineering Report of the project. Considering the tidal variation of 1.31 m, the top level of the proposed quay is fixed +2m on bar with the existing quay top.
It is proposed to have the lower level for anchoring the FRP boats and to dredge upto -2.5m level on the basin side for facilitating the berthing of vessels without any hardship.
2.3 MODERNIZATION OF SLOPING YARD
The existing sloping hard in the fishing harbour was made in 1 on 10 slope and paved concrete is in damaged state and peeled and also it is not as per the standard norms. There is no proper rail arrangement and cradle system to receive the boats and there is no proper hauling system to beach the boat for repairing and the fisherman communities are finding great difficulty for beaching their vessel for repair.
Normally the sloping hard for hauling the fishing vessel is to be provided from -2.5m to -3m level. On the land side, winch machine is to be constructed for hauling the vessel and the return pulley block of suitable capacity is also to be provided and this will be useful for launching the vessel.Under the modernisation scheme, the following works are proposed:
Construction of cofferdam in front of the sloping hard to rectify the damage if any. The disturbed portion of the existing sloping hard floor is proposed for improvement. Providing CR100 Rail of 2.5 m at 3 m apart in sloping hard area, transfer bay area for the movement of transfer cradle and also in the boat making and repair yard. Providing winch room with winch of suitable capacity. Fabrication of sloping cradle, Boat trolley and Transfer cradle.
2.4 MECHANIZED WORKSHOP
As per the records of Department of Fisheries, the total number of Wooden registered Boats is 116 and Steel registered Boat is one number and FRP registered
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Boat is 83 and the total number of registered Mechanised Boat being operated from
Puducherry fishing harbour is 199. The capacity of the engine normally fitted in wooden mechanised Boat is from 15 to 120 HP and engine fitted in FRP boat is 9 to
10 HP. At present there is no proper workshop to remove defects, if any in the engine, propeller, propeller shaft etc., and the fisherman find it difficult to repair them.
Therefore, it is proposed to have one workshop of size 30 x 15 m. The installation of lathe, welding unit, timber log, gantry crane, etc., are to be taken by the Fishing
Harbour Management Society and the same is not included in the proposal as decided during the meeting held on 05.03.2010.
2.5 BOAT MAKING AND REPAIR YARD
The proposed boat making and Repair Yard is placed at northern side of the sloping yard. It consists of 3 Bays on each side and each bay is provided with CR100 Rail arrangements. There is no boat making and repair yard at present in Puducherry and the fishermen are finding it difficult to build or repair the Boat. The fisherman has to go to Cuddalore for utilising the boat making and repair yard facilities. In this Boat making and Repair yard, 6 Nos. of Boats can be repaired or build at a time.
2.6 ICE PLANT
All fishing vessels prior to their sale need to carry ice block in sufficient quantity for preservation fish. Block ice is cheaper, convenient to carry, requires less space and has less melt water, in comparison to any other form of ice. Therefore, modern block ice manufacturing units is proposed to supply quality ice to the fishing industry by using potable water.
In Puducherry, a small capacity of ice plant (less than 3 tonne) is available in
Pillaichavady, Vaithikuppam, Vembakeerapalayam and Periyaveerampattinam. The production of ice from these ice plants is less and is insufficient to meet the
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requirements in the village for the fishermen living in these villages. The fishermen with wooden mechanised and FRP mechanised boats have to bring the ice box from far off places for the day to day fishing activities. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an Ice Plant. The details of number of boats going for week long fishing and daily fishing and ice requirement for auctioning and processing etc., have been worked out as per the standard procedures.
As per the Feasibility Report, vessels going for week long fishing require about 30
Nos. of 60 Kg Ice box. Similarly for daily fishing about 6 to 7 Nos of 60 kg box is required per boat. The daily requirement is about 300 Kg/boat (30 x 60/6). Six days duration is considered for week long fishing.
Quantity of ice required per day for week long Fishing (considering 10 boats per day) = 10 x 300 = 3000 kg. Quantity of ice required for daily fishing = 7 x 60 = 420 kg. Ice required for daily fishing for 60 boats(mechanised) = 25,200 kg. Ice required for FRP boat = 60 x 200 = 12,000 kg. Total = 40,200 kg
In addition to fishing, ice is also required for Auctioning / Packing the fish to local market and also for preserving the fish in chilled storage freezing plants and fish processing plants.
It is assessed that 80% of fish catch are consumed fresh and another 20% of fish is may be sent for processing. Considering the power requirements and other constraints, 50% of the fish catch is taken as the quantum of ice required and therefore the ice required for packing, chilling, etc., are detailed below.
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As per CMFRI data the total fish catch is 26 tonne per day in Puducherry Fishing
Harbour. Considering all the above, 50% of total fish catch is considered for iceing
= 0.5 x 26 = 13 Tonnes
Ice required for fishing fleet = 40.2 Tonnes Total quantity of ice required = 53.2 Tonnes Hence the capacity of ice plant required to be provided is 50 Tonnes. The size of Ice
Plant is 40 m x 20 m and the revised location is marked in the general layout drawing. Two numbers of 54 tonne of refrigeration capacity compressor is required for 50T ice productions at -15° evaporation and +40° condensing temperature. The capacity of motor required is 125 HP and totally 155T of refrigeration is required for the ice plant to produce the 50T of Ice.
Water requirement of Ice Plant
It is roughly estimated that for an ice plant, an equal amount of fresh water will be needed. (Source: Planning of Fishing Harbours by C.T.Betgeri). Therefore for 50 tonne capacity ice plant, the requirement of fresh water by taking into account 2 to 3 days reserve storage is = 50x3= 150 Tonnes = 1,50,000 Litres
Therefore the drawl of water to meet out the above requirement was discussed with
Puducherry local body authorities and they informed that there will not be any problems to supply the water as the ice plant is proposed to be maintained by the fishing harbour management society.
To explore the possibility of ground water usage for ice making, three numbers of land bore holes have been driven in different locations of Puducherry fishing harbour area and water samples were also collected during bore hole investigation. The collected samples are tested for various parameters including chlorides and sulphates were analysed. The chlorides and sulphates value were observed to be
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well above the permissible limit specified for potable water. Thus, the option of using groundwater from the harbour area was disordered. The only option available was tp get from the local authorities.
Area of Ice Plant
The MPEDA has standardised the area requirement with respect to production of Ice per day. According to the norms for setting up an ice plant of 20 Tonne per day, an area to the extent of about 300 sqm is required. Therefore, it is proposed to provide the Ice plant with size 40 m x 20 m approximate with reference to the quantum of ice arrived based on CMFRI data
2.7 FISH PROCESSING UNIT
The fish process consists of mainly processing unit, freezing unit and chilled storage unit. It is proposed to have a fish processing unit of 6T capacity initially which will be expanded to 12T capacity at ultimate stage (year 2040) to process, freeze and preserve the low value fishes and to supply the same in the local market at higher cost.
It is proposed to have plate freezer with 11 trays to freeze 500 kg at a time. Each load will take 1½ hour to 2 hour. Therefore per day 12 loads can be freezed. Thus, total quantity can be freezed (12 x 500) 6000 kg or 6T.
The various item of components to be developed in construction of fish processing unit are:
• Earth work Excavation • Reinforced cement concrete • Provision of glazed wall tiling • Provision of Granite flooring • Provision of Stainless steel tray for main processing and pre-processing. • Provision of compressor for freezing and cold storing. • Provision of Air conditioning arrangement inside the building.
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The total sullage expected to be generated from the fish processing unit is 36 m3/day.
2.8 NET MENDING SHED
At present there is no proper net mending shed to mend their nets and the fishermen are using the existing auction halls for this purpose and therefore it is proposed to construct a Net Mending Shed of size 20 m x 8 m with openings around.
2.9 ADMINISTRATIVE BLOCK
Since there is no proper office complex to manage the fishing harbour, an
Administrative Office Building will be constructed as a part of the project.
2.10 TREATMENT FOR DISCHARGE OF EFFLUENT SULLAGE
The common liquid wastes that pollute the fishing harbour are: Sewage from sanitary facilities Waste water from fish cleaning operations Outfalls from processing plants Galley waste from boats Deck and fish-hold washings and Laundry discharges. In addition, Effluents from shore-based industries and Human waste from settlements upstream and to the pollution load in some harbours. The harbour should provide reception facilities for large vessels to discharge their sewage.
In order to maintain good hygienic conditions in fishery harbour, it is proposed that the auction halls and wholesale markets where fishery products are displayed for sale must:be covered and have walls which are easy to clean. have water proof flooring which is easy to wash and disinfect and laid in such a way so as to facilitate the drainage of water and have hygenic waste disposal system. be equipped with sanitary facilities with an appropriate number of wash basins and flush lavoratories. Wash basins shall be equipped with materials for cleaning the hands and single use hand towels. be well fitted to facilitate the inspection of fishery products when they are used for display or storage of fishery products, not be used for other purposes; vehicle emitting exhaust fumes which may
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impair the quality of the fishery products must not be admitted to markets; undesirable animals must not be admitted. be cleaned regularly and atleast after each sale; crates must, after each sale to be cleaned and rinsed inside and outside with potable water or clean sea water; where required, must be disinfected.
However in the existing Puducherry fishing harbour, the auction hall/packing hall and other constructions are not as per the above EU norms. Modernisation of Auction hall also is taken up as an additional services as directed to improve the drainage for easy drain of water in line with the above standards.
On the commencement of full-fledged commercial activity in modernised Puducherry fishing harbour, it is expected that around 750 fishermen (150 x 5) and around 250 outsiders may use the harbour. As per CMFRI data, the total fish catch is 26 Tonnes per day on an average and the total sullage expected to be generated in the fishing harbour is taken as(2 x 26,000 x 0.75) 39,000 litres/day, say, 40,000 litres/day or 40 m3/day. In addition, around 10,000 litres/day is expected to be generated in the pre- processing unit and totally 50,000 litres of sullage is likely to be generated in the
Puducherry fishing harbour.
Hence it is planned to provide a comprehensive sullage collection system comprising of manholes, drainage channels, etc., A separate lift manhole/ collection chamber of
2 m diameter and 2.5 m depth is proposed to be constructed and all sullage will be collected through manholes and are to be let out in lift manhole/ collection chamber.
A submersible pump of suitable capacity will be installed in the lift manhole with automatic control systems and from there the sullage shall be treated.
2.11 DREDGING
The wave pattern prevailing in Puducherry region have been studied in detail and it is observed that most frequently occurring wave height is 1.5 m with 30% occurrence and wave period of 5 to 6 seconds is noticed. The wave at the fishing harbour point
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in all the time is generally less than 0.3m, which is more favourable for berthing the fishing vessels.
The tidal observations were taken up by the Fisheries Department, Puducherry. The tides at Puducherry coast is semi-diurnal and the salient tidal data is as follows:
• Mean higher high water = + 1.31 m • Mean lower high water = + 1.07 m • Mean lower low water = + 0.73 m • Datum = 0.00
The littoral drift along the east coast of India is predominant towards North and it depends on the angle of approach of wave towards the shore and position of the surf-zone. The detailed studies carried out by Indian Institute of Technology (IIT)
Chennai in Puducherry port limit and other recent literature were also collected.The annual littoral drift in the entire east coast is around 1 Mm3/year. In Puducherry, the littoral drift towards north is 0.45 Mm3/year and towards south is 0.045 Mm3/year.
Thus, the net littoral drift is 0.4 Mm3/year towards north. The drift material moves along the coast and whenever the velocity of flow in the river gets reduced for self cleaning, then the drift material will accumulate on the mouth.
As per the Feasibility Report, during the Pre-stake holder’s meeting conducted on
24.04.2009, it was unanimously demanded to dredge the mouth as well as the fishing harbour area for navigation and berthing of vessels. A detailed Bathymetry survey to ascertain the depth available in front of the wharf and along the approach channel in the river was carried out. From the Bathymetry chart, it is seen that the depth available in front of the wharf and upto the tip of the break water is less than required.
The total quantity of dredging envisaged is 272764 m3.
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2.12 COST ESTIMATE
The Cost Estimate has been prepared and the total cost for the Puducherry Fishing
Harbour has been estimated as Rs.1907.70 lakhs. The details are given in Table-
2.1.
TABLE-2.1 Details of cost for development of Puducherry Fishing Harbour Total Amount S. No. Components (Rs. lakh) 1 Extension of quay 296.50 2 Modernisation of slip way 89.20 3 Marine mechanised work shop 43.00 4 Boat making & repair yard 69.00 5 Pre- processing unit 14.00 6 Ice plant 190.00 7 Treatment for discharge of effluent sullage 40.00 8 Administrative block 151.00 9 Dredging 1000.00 10 Net mending shed 15.00 Total 1907.70
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CHAPTER 3
ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE STATUS
3.1 GENERAL
The assessment of baseline environmental setting is an essential component of any EIA study. Based on the “Scoping Matrix”, various parameters to be covered for assessment of baseline environmental setting are identified. Assessment of environmental impacts due to reconstruction and modernization of the
Puducherry fishing harbour project requires a comprehensive and scientific consideration of various environmental aspects and their interaction with natural resources, namely, physico chemical parameters i.e. meteorology, air quality, noise quality, land use and water quality, biological parameters i.e. terrestrial flora and fauna, marine flora and fauna, fish species, etc. and socio economic parameters i.e. demography, occupational profile, etc.
As a part of the EIA study, a large quantum of related secondary data as available with departments like Forest, Fisheries, Revenue, etc. has been collected. Field surveys were conducted for primary data generation on various aspects including ambient air quality, water quality, noise, marine ecology, landuse pattern, etc. The Study Area considered for the EIA study is the area within radius of 10 km considering the proposed project site at the centre. The study area map is enclosed as Figure 3.1. The major portion of the study area is under water. In such settings, impacts likely to accrue as a result of project reconstruction and modernization are expected to be occurring mainly on water front i.e. on marine environment. Thus, as a part of the EIA study, appropriate emphasis has been given to marine environment.
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As a part of the EIA study, the baseline status has been ascertained for the following aspects:
• Physiography • Geology • Soils • Meteorology • Water Resources • Ambient air quality • Noise environment • Landuse pattern • Marine Water Quality • Sediments • Marine Ecology • Socio economic Aspects
3.2 PHYSIOGRAPHY
The Union Territory of Puducherry lies in the macro region called coastal plains and islands of Indian Union. On the basis of diverse physiographic characteristics, the Union Territory has been divided into following three micro regions:
North Kerala coast Coromandel Coast Goodavari Delta
The proposed project area lies in the Coromandel Coast micro region. It covers districts Puducherry and Karaikal of Puducherry Union Territory and the districts of Chengalpattu M.G.R. Madras, Thanjavur, Tirucharipalli, South Arcot and
Pudukottai of Tamil Nadu.
3.3 GEOLOGY
The geological beds in the project area range from cretaceous to recent period.
The cretaceous beds comprise of marine limestone, calcareous marls, sandy and calcareous shale, limestone, calcareous sand stones and granular yellow
WAPCOS Limited 3 2 Project Implementation Agency EIA Study for Reconstruction and Modernization (Emergency Tsunami Reconstruction Project) of Puducherry fishing harbour limestone. The other belt is of miocene pilocene age is of Recent and Sub
Recent ages i.e. coastal sands, alluvium soil and laterite.
3.4 SOILS
In project area , coastal alluvium red ferruginous soil and black clayey soils are the main soil types .. Coastal alluvium is found in the coastal tract and it is more sandy over its eastern part and more clayey over its western part.. The nitrogen, phosphate and potash levels are low. The main sub order association of the soil present in the project area is Psamments Tropepts.
3.5 METEOROLOGY
The Project area experiences hot and tropical maritime climate. As it it located in the tropical maritime zone summers are hot and humid, and winters are mild.
There are four distinct seasons namely south west monsoon (June to
September), north east monsoon (October December), winter (January &
February) and summer season (March to May). The annual rainfall in the project area was estimated as 1245 mm. About 62% (772 mm) of the rainfall is received under the influence of north east monsoons during the months from October to
December. South west monsoons (June September) on an average contribute
344 mm of rainfall which is nearly 27% of the annual rainfall. The balance rainfall, i.e. 74 mm (6%) and 55 mm (5%) are received in the summer months (March to
May) and winter months (January and February) respectively.
In the project area, the temperature starts increasing from February end and it reaches up to 37 oC. The average maximum and minimum temperatures during the summer season are 43 oC and 27 oC respectively. Sea breeze and pre monsoon thunder showers reduce the temperature and the diurnal range of
WAPCOS Limited 3 3 Project Implementation Agency EIA Study for Reconstruction and Modernization (Emergency Tsunami Reconstruction Project) of Puducherry fishing harbour temperature is low. The months of December and January coolest part of the year with the minimum average temperature at about 22 oC.
3.7 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY
The ambient air quality was monitored as a part of the EIA study. The ambient air quality monitoring has been carried out with a frequency of two samples per week at three locations in August / September, 2010.
The parameters monitored as a part of the study are listed as below:
• PM 10 • PM 2.5 • Sulphur dioxide (SO 2) • Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx).
The ambient air quality monitoring stations covered as a part of EIA study are given in Table 3.1.
TABLE 3.1 Details of ambient air quality monitoring stations Stations Location AQ1 Bar mouth AQ2 STTP near Light house AQ3 Project Site – Fishing harbor
The findings of the ambient air quality monitoring survey are given in Table 3.2.
The ambient air quality standards are enclosed as Annexure I.
The results of ambient air quality monitoring observed is given in Table 3.2.
TABLE 3.2 Ambient air quality status (Unit: g/m 3) S. No Location PM 2.5 PM 10 SO 2 NO X 1 Bar mouth 21.46 23.33 5.21 BDL 2 STTP near Light house 30.55 35.29 6.47 BDL 3 Project Site – Fishing 31. 68 35.57 8.59 BDL harbor NAAQ Standards 60 100 80 80 (24 hr Concentration)
WAPCOS Limited 3 4 Project Implementation Agency EIA Study for Reconstruction and Modernization (Emergency Tsunami Reconstruction Project) of Puducherry fishing harbour
It is observed from Table 3.2 that the average concentration of PM 2.5 at various
3 stations ranged from 21.46 to 31.68 µg/m where as PM 10 ranged from 23.33 to
35.57 µg/m 3 at various locations. The observed values are well within the prescribed limits of NAAQ standards.
It is observed from Table 3.2 that, the average concentration of SO 2 at various stations in the study area was much below the prescribed limits of 80 µg/m 3 specified for industrial, residential, rural and other areas. The highest SO 2 concentration of 8.59 g/m 3 was observed at project site and minimum of 5.21