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Removal of Hypertrophied Anal Papillae and Fibrous Polyps Improves Outcome of Anal Fissure Surgery

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Removal of Hypertrophied Anal Papillae and Fibrous Polyps Improves Outcome of Anal Fissure Surgery © 2004 Indian Journal of Surgery www.indianjsurg.com Original Article Removal of hypertrophied anal papillae and fibrous polyps improves outcome of anal fissure surgery Pravin J. Gupta Consulting Proctologist, Gupta Nursing Home, D/9, Laxminagar, Nagpur-440022, India. E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT Background: The presence of Hypertrophied anal papillae and fibrous anal polyps are often ignored in the proctology practice. But the experience is that they tend to produce minor but disturbing symptoms. This study is aimed to assay the impact and utility of attending to these two conditions concurrently while dealing with cases of fissure in ano. Material and Methods: A study was carried out in 136 patients of chronic anal fissure having concomitant hypertrophied anal papillae or fibrous anal polyp. After relieving sphincter spasm by sphincterotomy, the polyps or papillae were destroyed using the radio frequency device. A comparison was made for the associated complaints like pruritus, pricking sensation, wetness, crawling in the anus etc. before and after removal of the papillae or polyps by an independent observer blinded to the procedure. Results: After one month of the procedure, the associated symptoms were reduced to a significant amount along with a near total decline in the primary complaints of pain and bleeding. There was significant reduction in pruritus (P=0.0003), discharge per anus (P=0.0006), crawling sensation in the anus (P=0.0004) and sense of incomplete evacuation (P=0.001) At the follow up after 18 months, only 9% patients had recurrence of either anal fissure or symptoms like pruritus. Conclusion: This study establishes that removal of hypertrophied anal papillae and fibrous polyps should be carried out as a routine during surgical treatment of anal fissure. This would add to effectiveness and completeness of the procedure. KEY WORDS Hypertrophied anal papilla, Fibrous anal polyp, Radio frequency, Anal fissure, Sphincterotomy How to cite this article: Gupta PJ. Removal of hypertrophied anal papillae and fibrous polyps improves outcome of anal fissure surgery. Indian J Surg 2004;66:164-8. INTRODUCTION mechanism after defecation.2 Occasionally, a red edematous papilla is encountered with local pain and Anal papillae,1 which are also called as anal fibroma, a purulent discharge from the associated crypt. This papillitis hypertrophicans, or “cat tooth”, are the fine condition2 is called as ‘papillitis’ with `cryptitis.’ points of projections of the extreme upper end of anal canal skin at the mucocutaneous junction. The enlargement of the existing anal papillae is a consequence of a chronic inflammatory process and Small Papillae remain usually asymptomatic. An fibrotic proliferation within the range of the Linea elongated anal papilla associated with pain and/or dentata, the ano rectal zone and the distal rectal bleeding at defecation is sometimes encountered in mucosa. The hypertrophied anal papillae are prone to infancy. Hemorrhage into a hypertrophied anal papilla undergo considerable fibrous thickening to acquire a can cause sudden rectal pain. A prolapsed papilla may rounded expanded tip, which is then known as a fibrous become nipped by contraction of the sphincter polyp.3 Occasionally the occurrence of hypertrophied Address for correspondence: Pravin J. Gupta, Consulting Proctologist, Gupta Nursing Home, D/9, Laxminagar, Nagpur-440022, India. E- mail: [email protected] Paper Received: August 2003. Paper Accepted: August 2003. Source of Support: Nil. 164 Indian Journal of Surgery 2004 Volume 66 Issue 3 (June) © 2003 Indian JournalRemoval of ofSurgery hypertrophied www.indianjsurg.com anal papillae anal papillae is reported after operational interferences In 17 of the studied patients, anal polyp was found in in the anal region. association. 16 of these patients had a single polyp while in one patient, there were two. Out of these, 11 Dilated vein, white area and a large hypertrophied anal patients had polyps of prolapsing type, which used to papilla are often found in prolapsing types of project out during defecation and getting reduced hemorrhoids.4 In the literature, the prevalence of these spontaneously after the act. The remaining 6 were of papillae varies between 6% and 60% of all non-prolapsing type. anoscopically-examined patients.5 They are equally found in both the sexes. The anal papillae, if get Exclusion criteria hypertrophied or are converted into anal polyps, can Only those patients of chronic fissure in ano who had produce a foreign body feeling and discharge from the associated anal papillae or fibrous polyps or both were anus. Subsequently, a toxic irritative anal eczema may selected. This was irrespective of the age, sex, or develop. duration of pathology. Patients suffering from fissure but not having hypertrophied papillae or polyp were Histologically, the papillae consists of an edematous, excluded from the study. This assessment was carried loosened up, fibrotic connective tissue in parts, with out using a pediatric anoscope after instilling a 5% increase in capillary contents. Occasionally akanthosis lidocain ointment in the anal canal to reduce the pain and widened disk epithelium may be seen, but they during examination. Similarly, patients having never proceed to malignant degeneration.6 associated sentinel piles, internal bleeding hemorrhoids were not considered. The papillae and polyps should be differentiated from subanodermal anal venous thrombosis, condyloma, An informed consent was obtained from all the patients. and rectal adenoma.7 No special pre operative preparation was carried out. The study was approved by the local ethics committee Patients with fibrous polyp complain of projection of and was carried out according to the declaration of something inexplicable from the anus. A case of giant Helsinki. All of the patients received a dose of laxative hypertrophied anal papilla complicated by massive anal [Lactulose 20ml] on the night before the procedure. bleeding and prolapse is reported.8 Radio frequency surgery for the hypertrophied anal The objective of this study was to demonstrate that papillae and fibrous anal polyps. hypertrophied anal papillae and fibrous anal polyps are Few surgeons practice removal of the papillae or polyps responsible for minor but disturbing complaints on the by snipping them with scissors or shaving them with part of the patient and hence should necessarily be scalpel or electrocautry after being crushed.9 We, attended to and be removed during surgical treatment instead, have used the radio frequency technique to of anal fissure and further that they can conveniently effectively destroy these papillae and polyps. be removed by the radio frequency surgical device. Radio frequency surgery is a method of simultaneous MATERIAL AND METHODS cutting and coagulating of the tissues.10 We used a dual radio frequency generator 4 MHz from Ellman This non-randomized study was conducted at Fine International, Hewlett, N.Y. for this procedure. Morning Hospital and Gupta Nursing Home, Nagpur, India, between July 1999 and December 2000. An interchangeable ball electrode for coagulation and a round loop electrode for shaving the desired tissue In all, 136 patients of chronic fissures in ano with were extensively used in the procedure. hypertrophied anal papillae and/or fibrous polyp were studied. All the patients under study had hypertrophied Procedure anal papillae. The numbers of papillae were ranging To begin with, lateral subcutaneous internal from 2 to 4 [mean of 3.2]. The papillae, which felt on sphincterotomy was done in a short general anaesthesia digital examination, were considered ‘large’. Papillae, with a muscle relaxant to relieve the spasm. This was which were not palpable and were visible only on followed by anoscopy to locate the anal polyp or anoscopy, were termed ‘small’ papillae. papillae. Small papillae were directly coagulated with Indian Journal of Surgery 2004 Volume 66 Issue 3 (June) 165 Gupta PJ the ball electrode kept on the coagulation mode of the Table 1: Symptom comparison before and after radio frequency unit. treatment of anal fissure and hypertrophied anal papillae and fibrous anal polyps The commonest sites where the papillae were seen were at 3, 7 and 11’O clock position with the patient Symptoms Before After P Treatment Treatment in a lithotomy position. The next common sites were Itching 36 [26.4] 6 [4.5] 0.0003 at 1, 5 and 9’O clock. Feeling of uneasiness 45 [33] 3 [2.2] 0.0001 Discharge per anus 32 [23.5] 4 [2.9] 0.0006 The base of large papillae and fibrous polyp were Sense of incomplete 35 [25.7] 9 [6.6] 0.0004 circumferentially coagulated by the ball electrode first Evacuation and then they were excised by the round loop electrode Crawling sensation 48 [35.2] 4 [2.9] 0.001 In the anus of the radio frequency surgical unit. Minor bleeding, Prolapse during 11 [8] Nil 0.0023 when encountered, was coagulated by touching the defecation source with the ball electrode. This additional Percentage of patients in parentheses. P < 0.05 Student’s procedure of removal of papillae or polyps took a mean unpaired t-test period of 2 minutes to complete. lasted for a maximum period of four days. The patients were given analgesics [Ketoprofen 250 mg twice a day] for a week and were prescribed a stool The comparison of the findings at a follow up after 1 softener [Lactulose 15 ml at bed time] for a month. All month is given in Table 1. the patients were discharged within 12 hours of the procedure. They were reviewed after 30 days. Subsequent follow up after 18 months 18 patients [13%] were lost to follow up. In the Comparative study remaining 118 patients, 3 patients [2.5%] had An independent observer, blinded to this study noted recurrence of the fissure. 7 patients [6%] complained down the symptoms in a questionnaire form especially of pruritus. Out of these, 4 patients were found to have prepared for this study. This included symptoms like developed anal papillae.
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