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Home , Catlow Valley, Great Basin pocket mouse, Hart Mountain, Warner Valley

Notes Date . No. Species Time Afield Observers Weather National Antelope Refuge Remarks

Department of the Interior U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

14622 February 1988 * GPO 1988-593-358 Welcome to For Your Safety Hart Mountain Refuse Because of the isolation and vastness of the refuge, inquiries should be made at Refuge Headquarters Hart Mountain National Antelope Refuge in south- about current road conditions before traveling to the central was established in 1936 for the pres­ more remote portions of the refuge especially during ervation, management and study of ante­ the winter and spring months. lope and other wildlife species. Today's goals include the original intent but are currently much broader in scope. The refuge is administered by the U.S. Fish For information, please and Wildlife Service of the Department of the Inte­ contact: rior, and includes about 240,000 acres. Hart Mountain National Antelope Refuge Refuge Manager PO Box 111 A Varied Landscape Lakeview, OR 97630 Phone (503) 947-3315 Supporting Over 330 Species of Wildlife populations vary greatly in numbers and species according to seasons. Heavy migrations of waterfowl Hart Mountain is a massive volcanic ridge, rising to and waterbirds occur in the , partially an altitude of 8,065 feet in elevation. The west side is included in the refuge, during the spring and fall. very precipitous, ascending from the floor of the Many species remain to breed on the valley's lakes Warner Valley (4,500 feet) in a series of rugged cliffs and meadows. Throughout the warmer months a and steep canyons. The east side features more gen­ wide variety of smaller birds and birds of prey are tle rolling hills, sloping toward the to present, attracted to the numerous rugged cliffs the east. The mountain features several small springs adjoining isolated spring-fed riparian areas and the and seeps, along with a few streams, providing vast sagebrush and portions of the refuge. abundant water for wildlife. The best opportunity to observe the greatest diver­ types include big and low sagebrush areas, sity of bird life on Hart Mountain is from May to mountain mahogany and bitterbrush areas in the October. mountains above 6,000 feet. Other important types The following list contains 264 species that have include alkaline lakes, marshes, grassy spring-fed been recorded on Hart Mountain and in the adjacent meadows, juniper covered uplands, and aspen and Warner Valley. It is not considered final as observa­ pine stands in the more secluded canyon areas. Each tions by many people continue to add to the list and of these areas supports its own particular wildlife the accuracy of its notations. We encourage and species. Over 330 species have been recorded to use appreciate these observations and ask that they be the refuge area. reported to the Lakeview or Hart Mountain offices. A few abbreviations have been used to assist the observer in determining status and seasonal abun­ Enjoying the Refuges' dance. Names are in accordance with the Sixth (1983) American Ornithologist's Union Checklist of North American Wildlife Birds. The study of wild in their natural has become an increasingly popular pastime for Status many people. Viewing of wildlife can be greatly pr - permanent resident - Species is present the enhanced by a pair of binoculars or spotting scope, entire year, usually nests in the area. due to the large expanse of the Hart Mountain area. sr - summer resident - Migratory species which usu­ This equipment enables visitors to observe all wild­ ally nests in the area. life from a distance without disturbing the animals. wr - winter resident - Migratory species which winters in the area. Wildlife species in this brochure have been grouped m - migrant - Usually present spring and fall only, but into four categories: Birds, , Amphibians occurrences may extend into other seasons. and Reptiles, and Fish. tv - transient visitor - Irregular species or vagrants occurring sporadically and usually in small numbers. Seasons COMMON NAME STATUS SP S F W Sp - Spring, March through May S - Summer, )une through August * Mallard • pr c c a c * Northern Pintail • pr a c a c F - Fall, September through November * Blue-winged Teal • sr o o o W - Winter, December through February * Cinnamon Teal • sr c c c r * Northern Shoveler • pr c c c o Abundance * • pr c c a u * Eurasian Wigeon m o o a - abundant - Common, usually numerous, certain to * American Wigeon • pr c o a u be seen in proper habitat. * Canvasback • pr c u c o c - common - Occurring in smaller numbers, should * Redhead • pr c c a c be seen in suitable habitat sites. * Ring-necked Duck* wr u o u o * Lesser Scaup o pr c u c o u - uncommon - Present, but in few numbers, not cer­ * Common Goldeneye wr u u u tain to be seen. * Barrow's Goldeneye wr r r r o - occasional - Seen infrequently during a season. * Bufflehead wr c r c c r - rare - Seen at intervals of two to five years. * Hooded Merganser m r r * Common Merganser wr u u u Nesting * Ruddy Duck* pr c c c o • - birds known to nest in area VULTURES 0 - birds thought to nest in area Turkey Vulture o sr c c c * - indicated birds more commonly see in Warner OSPREY, KITES, EAGLES AND Valley HAWKS * Osprey m o o endangered species | ] wr u o u Northern Harrier * pr c c c u Sharp-shinned Hawk o sr u o u o COMMON NAME STATUS Sp S F W Cooper's Hawk * sr u o u o Northern Goshawk * sr o o o LOONS * Swainson's Hawk * sr o o o Common Loon tv o o Red-tailed Hawk * pr c c c u Ferruginous Hawk o pr o o o r GREBES Rough-legged Hawk wr u u c * Pied-billed Grebe • s r c c c * pr c c c c * Horned Grebe m o o * Eared Grebe • sr c c c FALCONS * Western Grebe • sr c c c American Kestrel * pr a a a u * Clark's Grebe • sr c c c Merlin wr o o o 1 Peregrine Falcon | moo PELICANS AND CORMORANTS * pr c c c o * • sr c c c * Double-crested Cormorant«... sr c c c GALLINACEOUS BIRDS Chukar * pr c c c c BITTERNS, HERONS AND EGRETS * Ring-necked Pheasant * pr o o o o * American Bittern • sr u u u Sage Grouse * pr c c c c * Least Bittern 0 sr r r r * Quail * pr c c c c * Great Blue Heron • pr c c c u * Great Egret • sr c c c RAILS * Snowy Egret • sr c c c * Virginia Rail * sr u u u * Egret tv r r * Sora * sr u u u * Green-backed Heron 0 sr r r r * American Coot * sr a c a o * Black-crowned Night-Heron «... sr c c c CRANES IBIS AND SPOONBILLS * * sr c c c * White-faced Ibis o sr o o o PLOVERS WATERFOWL * Black-bellied Plover m o o * wr a a c * Snowy Plover o sr r r r * Lesser White-fronted Goose .... m u u Semipalmated Plover m u u * Snow Goose m u u Killdeer* sr c c c o * Ross' Goose m o o * • pr c c a c STILTS AND AVOCETS Wood Duck tv r * Black-necked Stilt * sr u u u * Green-winged Teal • pr c c c o American Avocet * sr c c c COMMON NAME STATUS SP S F W COMMON NAME STATUS SP S F W

WOODPECKERS SHOREBIRDS Lewis' Woodpecker tv o o * Greater Yellowlegs m u u Yellow-bellied Sapsucker • sr c c c * Willet • sr c c c Red-naped Sapsucker • sr u u u Spotted Sandpiper • sr u u u Red-breasted Sapsucker o sr u u u * Long-billed Curlew • sr u u u Williamson's Sapsucker tv o o o * Marbled Godwit m o o Downy Woodpecker • pr u u u o * Western Sandpiper m o c Hairy Woodpecker • pr u u u u * Least Sandpiper m u c Northern Flicker • pr a a u * Baird's Sandpiper m r o * Pectoral Sandpiper m r o FLYCATCHERS * Dunlin m o u Olive-sided Flycatcher» sr u o u * Long-billed Dowitcher m c c Western Wood-Pewee • sr u c c * Willow Flycatcher o sr u u u SNIPE Least Flycatcher tv r r Common Snipe • pr c c c u Hammond's Flycatcher m r o Dusky Flycatcher • sr c a a PHALAROPES Gray Flycatcher • sr c c c Wilson's Phalarope • sr c c a Western Flycatcher m c c * Red-necked Phalarope m u u Say's Phoebe • sr u u u Ash-throated Flycatcher o sr o o o GULLS AND Western Kingbird • sr u u u * Franklin's Gull o sr o r o Eastern Kingbird o tv o o * Bonaparte's Gull m u r c * Ring-billed Gull • sr a a a o LARKS * California Gull m o r o Horned Lark • pr a a a c * Caspian • sr u u u SWALLOWS * Forster's Tern • sr c c c Tree Swallow • sr c c c * Black Tern • sr c c c Violet-green Swallow • sr c c c * Northern Rough-winged Swallow • sr u u u DOVES * Bank Swallow • sr u u u Band-tailed Pigeon tv o o Cliff Swallow • sr a a a • sr c c a o Barn Swallow • sr a a a

OWLS JAYS, MAGPIES AND CROWS * Common Barn-Owl • sr o o o Gray Jay tv o o Flammulated Owl o sr c u c Steller's Jay o pr o o u o Western Screech-Owl • pr o o o o Scrub Jay • pr u u u o • pr c c c c Pinyon Jay tv o o Northern Pygmy-Owl wr r r r Clark's Nutcracker tv o o • sr o o o Black-billed Magpie • pr c c c c Long-eared Owl • pr c c c o American Crow • pr u u u o Short-eared Owl • pr c c c o • pr c c c c Northern Saw-whet Owl o pr u u u u CHICKADEES AND TITMICE GOATSUCKERS Black-capped Chickadee wr o o Common Nighthawk o sr o c c Mountain Chickadee • pr c c c c Common Poorwill • sr o c c Plain Titmouse • pr o o o o BUSHTITS SWIFTS Bushtit • pr u u u u Vaux's Swift m o White-throated Swift • sr u u u NUTHATCHES Red-breasted Nuthatch • pr c r c c HUMMINGBIRDS White-breasted Nuthatch m o o Black-chinned Hummingbird o .. sr 0 o o Pygmy Nuthatch • pr c c c c Calliope Hummingbird • sr u c u Broad-tailed Hummingbird o sr o o o CREEPERS Rufous Hummingbird o sr u c c Brown Creeper m o o o

KINGFISHERS WRENS * Belted Kingfisher m o o r Rock Wren • pr c c c o Canyon Wren • pr o c c o Bewick's Wren o pr o o o o House Wren • sr a a a Winter Wren wr o r o o Marsh Wren • sr u c c r COMMON NAME STATUS SP S F W COMMON NAME STATUS SP S F W

TOWHEES AND SPARROWS DIPPERS Green-tailed Towhee • sr c c c American Dipper • pr u u u o Rufous-sided Towhee • sr c u c o American Tree Sparrow wr o o KINGLETS, BLUEBIRDS AND Chipping Sparrow • sr c u c THRUSHES Brewer's Sparrow • sr a a u Golden-crowned Kinglet wr u u o Vesper Sparrow • sr a a a Ruby-crowned Kinglet • pr a c a u Lark Sparrow • sr c c c Blue-gray Gnatcatcher • sr u u o Black-throated Sparrow • sr u u Western Bluebird 0 sr u r u Sage Sparrow • sr c c c r Mountain Bluebird • sr c c c o * Savannah Sparrow • sr c c c Townsend's Solitaire o pr o o c c Fox Sparrow • sr c c c Veery tv r r Song Sparrow • sr c c c Swainson's Thrush • sr c c c Lincoln's Sparrow m u u Hermit Thrush 0 m c r c Golden-crowned Sparrow m o u American Robin • sr a a a o White-crowned Sparrow • sr a c a o Varied Thrush m u u Dark-eyed Junco • pr c u a u Snow Bunting tv o o

Sage Thrasher • sr a a a BLACKBIRDS, MEADOWLARKS AND ORIOLES WAGTAILS AND PIPITS Red-winged Blackbird • sr c c c o WaterPipito m U r U Western Meadowlark • pr c c c o * Yellow-headed Blackbird • sr c c c WAXWINGS Brewer's Blackbird • sr a a a o Bohemian Waxwing tv o Brown-headed Cowbird • sr c c c Cedar Waxwing m u u o Northern Oriole • sr u c c

SHRIKES FINCHES Northern Shrike wr o u Rosy Finch wr c c c Loggerhead Shrike • pr c c c u Pine Grosbeak tv o o Purple Finch m o o STARLINGS AND MYNAS Cassin's Finch • sr a a a o European Starling • pr c c c u House Finch • sr u u u Red Crossbill o tv o o o o VIREOS Common Redpoll tv o Solitary Vireo • sr u u u Pine Siskin • sr u u u Warbling Vireo • sr u c c Lesser Goldfinch • sr u u u Red-eyed Vireo tv o o o American Goldfinch o sr o u u Evening Grosbeak tv u u u WARBLERS Orange-crowned Warbler • .... sr u u u WEAVER FINCHES Nashville Warbler • sr o o o House Sparrow • pr c c c u Yellow Warbler • sr a a a Chestnut-sided Warbler tv r r Yellow-rumped Warbler • sr a o a Black-throated Gray Warbler • .. sr u u o Townsend's Warbler m u u Accidental Species Hermit Warbler m o o Black-and-white Warbler m r r Birds listed here have been recorded only once or Ovenbird tv r r twice on the refuge and in very few numbers. Northern Waterthrush tv r r MacGillivray's Warbler • sr c c c White-winged Scoter Bay-breasted Warbler Common Yellowthroat • sr u u u Gyrfalcon American Redstart Wilson's Warbler m c r c Parasitic Jaeger Tricolored Blackbird Yellow-breasted Chat o sr o o o Yellow-billed Cuckoo Common Grackle Snowy Owl Scarlet Tanager TANAGERS Pileated Woodpecker Summer Tanager Western Tanager • sr c c c White-headed Woodpecker Lapland Longspur Gray Catbird Upland Sandpiper GROSBEAKS AND BUNTINGS Brown Thrasher Mountain Quail Rose-breasted Grosbeak tv r r r Prothonotary Warbler Northern Hawk-owl Black-headed Grosbeak • sr c c c Tennessee Warbler Grasshopper Sparrow Lazuli Bunting • sr u c c Virginia's Warbler Harris' Sparrow Black-throated Blue Warbler White-throated Sparrow OLD WORLD RATS AND MICE DEER Mammals House Mouse All mammals listed are considered resident species with the exception of the bats which migrate on a JUMPING MICE PRONGHORN Western Jumping Mouse* Pronghorn (Antelope) seasonal basis much like some of the birds. Other populations fluctuate on a cyclical basis due PORCUPINES SHEEP to hibernation or seasonal movements between Porcupine (California) summer and winter ranges. Hart Mountain is a highly PIKAS, HARES AND RABBITS desired summer range for antelope to raise their Pika young. They arrive here in the spring after spending Whitetail Jackrabbit the winter months on the Sheldon National Wildlife Blacktail Jackrabbit Refuge, 40 miles to the south. Mountain Cottontail Pygmy Rabbit The following is a listing of mammals, by family, that occur or are thought* to occur on Hart Mountain. Families follow that of A Field Guide to the Mammals by Amphibians and Reptiles Burt and Grossenheider. The following is a listing of amphibians and reptiles that occur or are thought* to occur on the Hart Moun­ SHREWS SQUIRRELS, CHIPMUNKS tain Antelope Refuge. Malheur Shrew* AND MARMOTS Merriam Shrew Yellowbelly Marmot Amphibians Trowbridge Shrew* Townsend Vagrant Shrew Belding Ground Squirrel FROG-TOADS Northern Water Shrew Golden-mantled Squirrel Spadefoot Toad Whitetail Antelope Squirrel Pacific Tree Frog PLAINNOSED BATS Least Chipmunk Western Toad Little Brown Myotis Yellow Pine Chipmunk Spotted Frog* Yuma Myotis Chickaree Long-eared Myotis Reptiles Fringed Myotis* POCKET GOPHERS California Myotis* Townsend's Pocket Gopher* LIZARDS SNAKES Leopard Lizard* Rubber Boa Small-footed Myotis Northern Pocket Gopher* Silver Haired Bat* Western Fence Lizard Racer Sagebrush Lizard Striped Whipsnake Western Pipistrel POCKET MICE, KANGAROO Side-blotched Lizard Gopher Snake Big Brown Bat* MICE AND KANGAROO RATS Hoary Bat Desert Horned Lizard Western Terrestrial Garter Snake Little Pocket Mouse* Short Horned Lizard Western Big-eared Bat* Western Rattlesnake Western Skink Pallid Bat Dark Kangaroo Mouse Western Whiptail Ord Kangaroo Rat Northern Alligator Lizard* FREETAIL BATS Great Basin Kangaroo Rat* Big Freetail Bat* BEAVER Fishes RACCOONS Beaver Raccoon Fish on Hart Mountain Antelope Refuge are limited HARVEST MICE to two drainages supporting year-round stream flows, Western Harvest Mouse Guano Creek and Rock Creek. Three native fish spe­ , WHITE-FOOTED MICE cies and one introduced species are present in these AND BADGERS Canyon Mouse* areas. Shorttail * Deer Mouse Longtail Weasel Pinon Mouse Warner Valley Sucker Mink Lahontan Cutthroat Trout Badger GRASSHOPPER MICE Rainbow Trout (introduced) Spotted * Northern Grasshopper Mouse Redband Trout Striped Skunk Tui Chub WOOD RATS DOGS Desert Woodrat The lakes and reservoirs surrounding the Hart Moun­ Bushytail Woodrat tain Refuge support introduced fisheries of a greater variety. Fishes there include: CATS VOLES AND MUSKRATS Mountain Lion Mountain Vole* Rainbow Trout Longtail Vole Largemouth Bass Sagebrush Vole White Crappie Muskrat Brown Bullhead